33:
4649:). Nichiren Buddhism was founded by the monk Nichiren (1222–1282), who elaborated his teachings upon the "Lotus Sutra" aspiring to reform Buddhism. Nichiren Buddhism promises both immediate relief from daily problems as well as this-worldly benefits. This society has engaged in missionary efforts in China partially aided by the good relationship it has interlaced with the Chinese government. Delegations from the Japanese Soka Gakkai and the Chinese government and intellectual class have made visits to each other, so that the society has been called an "intimate friend of the Chinese government". Soka Gakkai members in China are organized in the form of the
8644:
8532:
920:
811:
3729:
3014:
143:
90:
8472:
5801:
1936:
4378:
8483:
5811:
5881:
5868:
724:
5858:
5409:
4616:
vegetarianism of
Chinese Buddhism. Historical critiques have to do with the links that Jodo Shinshu had with Japanese militarism and colonialism prior to 1945. Doctrinal critiques are based on the attribution of "unfiliality" to Shin Buddhism, because it was not influenced by Chinese folk religion as Chinese Buddhism was, and therefore does not have firmly established practices for ancestor worship.
4407:
4661:
As of 2023, around 470 million people, or about 33.4% of China's total population, identify as
Buddhist. According to studies published in 2023, compiling reliable demographic analyses holden throughout the 2010s and the early 2020s, 70% of the Chinese population believes in or practices Chinese folk
1861:
and Chan schools. Pure Land
Buddhism is very accessible for common people, since in its doctrine even lay practitioners may escape the cycle of death and rebirth. The goal for followers of this popular form of Buddhism is to be reborn in the Pure Land, which is a place rather than a state of mind. In
4854:
3697:
to Yunnan, to translate the scriptures and to build new temples. The people living in Yunnan where
Theravada Buddhism is widespread follow norms similar to those of Thai Buddhists, and their Buddhism is often blended with local folk beliefs. Theravada Buddhism suffered from persecution during the
1849:
Buddhism was not universally welcomed, particularly among the gentry. The Buddha's teaching seemed alien and amoral to conservative
Confucian sensibilities. Confucianism promoted social stability, order, strong families, and practical living, and Chinese officials questioned how monasticism and
4615:
The propagation of Shin
Buddhism in China has faced some critiques for cultural, historical and doctrinal reasons. Cultural critiques point to the fact that Shin Buddhist clerics may marry and eat meat; modern Chinese Shin Buddhist groups, however, tend to follow the norms of celibacy and
1845:
in particular was shaped by Taoism, developing distrust of scriptures and even language, as well as typical Taoist views emphasizing "this life", the "moment", and dedicated practices. Throughout the Tang period, Taoism itself developed elements drawn from
Buddhism, including monasticism,
1813:, in the 8th to 9th century, when Buddhist monasteries had become very rich and powerful. The wealth of Buddhist institutions was among the practical reasons—the ideal reason was that Buddhism was a "foreign religion"—why the Tang emperors decided to enact a wave of
2968:, the Tibetan hierarch in charge of the designation of the future successor of the Dalai Lama, is a matter of controversy between the Chinese government and Tenzin Gyatso. The government of China asserts that the present (11th) incarnation of the Panchen Lama is
4448:"Tang Mysteries"), as it flourished in China during the Tang dynasty (618–907) just before the great suppression of Buddhism by imperial decision. Another name for this body of traditions is "Han Chinese Transmission of the Esoteric (or Mystery) Tradition" (
4831:
829:
As China's largest officially recognized religion, Buddhists range from 4 to 33 percent, depending on the measurement used and whether it is based on surveys that ask for formal affiliation with
Buddhism or Buddhist beliefs and practices. As with
1825:, through which many monasteries were destroyed and the religion's influence in China was greatly reduced. However, Buddhism survived the persecutions and regained a place in the Chinese society over the following centuries.
884:, Buddhism was suppressed and temples closed or destroyed. Restrictions lasted until the reforms of the 1980s, when Buddhism began to recover popularity and its place as the largest organised faith in the country.
5766:
5776:
3689:
The first
Buddhist temple in Yunnan province, the Wabajie Temple in Xishuangbanna, was erected in 615. After the 12th century, Theravada Buddhist influence into the region began to come from
4805:
5735:
1809:. It became very popular among Chinese of all walks of life; admired by commoners, and sponsored by emperors in certain dynasties. The expansion of Buddhism reached its peak during the
838:
in China, estimating the size of the
Buddhist population in China is challenging because the boundaries between Buddhism and other traditional Chinese religions are not always clear.
2885:, "Lamaism") also have an influence throughout China that dates back to historical interactions of the Han Chinese with neighboring populations. Tibetan Buddhism and its clergy, the
786:. Estimates from 2023 suggest that of the entire Chinese population (1.4 billion) about 33.4% is Buddhist (470 million). There are three main branches of Buddhism in China: Han or
4422:
Besides Tibetan Buddhism and the Vajrayana streams found within Chinese Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism is practised in China in some other forms. For instance, Azhaliism (Chinese:
5525:
5771:
2983:
sect, and other Tibetan-originated Buddhist schools, by the Han Chinese. This movement has been favored by the proselytism of Chinese-speaking Tibetan lamas throughout China.
5730:
4636:
Nichiren Buddhism, a denomination of the Buddhist religion that was founded in Japan in the 13th century, has been spreading in China in the 21st century in the form of the
5740:
4574:
Starting in the 1990s there has been a revival of Shin Buddhism among the Chinese, which has taken a formal nature with the foundation of the Hong Kong Fǎléi Niànfóhuì (
4341:
5515:
5475:
2889:, were introduced in China proper since the 7th century; its emphasis on ritual action was a shared element with Taoism. It spread significantly much later, with
1846:
vegetarianism, abstention from alcohol, and the doctrine of emptiness. During the same period, Chan Buddhism grew to become the largest sect in Chinese Buddhism.
798:. There is no definitive answer to the time when Buddhism was first introduced to China, but it is generally believed that this occurred around the time of the
5725:
4897:
5560:
5510:
6622:
4818:
5786:
5705:
5665:
5520:
4670:, and 17.7% as adherents of other types of folk religion. Of the remaining population, 25.2% are fully non-believers or atheists, 2.5% are adherents of
7537:
6012:
5545:
5247:
2838:
4516:) are two new Han Chinese movements within the Vajrayana, and are among the Buddhist sects which are officially proscribed as evil by the government.
1246:
1776:
4798:
7541:
1253:
7765:
205:
5982:
3628:
3666:, Dehong, Simao, Lincang, and Baoshan, all in Yunnan, during the 6th and 7th century. Today, this school of Buddhism is popular among the
8520:
6090:
845:, which accounts for the vast majority of the country’s Buddhists, as measured by the number of registered temples. On the other hand,
5825:
919:
5847:
8498:
3980:
1841:). Originally seen as a kind of "foreign Taoism", Buddhism's scriptures were translated into Chinese using the Taoist vocabulary.
876:
With the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, religions came under the control of the new government, and the
8357:
7809:
5715:
4415:
8012:
5992:
5207:
Jian, Guan (October 1994). "The Indigenous Religion and Theravada Buddhism in Ban Da Tiu: A Dai Lue Village in Yunnan, China".
4823:
A compilation of statistics from reliable surveys held throughout the 2010s and early 2020s, with an emphasis on the CFPS 2018.
4712:
2831:
2308:
4389:
5389:
5191:
5154:
5128:
4956:
1854:
benefited the empire. However, Buddhism and Confucianism eventually reconciled after centuries of conflict and assimilation.
1262:
1034:
4392:, Sichuan. Founded in the 1980s, it is now the largest monastic institution in the world, with about 40,000 members of whom
6175:
6017:
5690:
5440:
1862:
the 2000s and 2010s, the influence of Chinese Buddhism has been expressed through the construction of large-scale statues,
1769:
8352:
4707:
4348:
2211:
1814:
8249:
7799:
5894:
5413:
4727:
2810:
754:
200:
157:
4653:, as they "meet quietly in small groups in the homes of other members", with little interference from the government.
3103:
1299:
8785:
8562:
6095:
5362:
5045:
5020:
4989:
2948:
There are controversies surrounding the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy, specifically the succession of Tenzin Gyatso the
2824:
1805:, around the 1st century, thanks to the first translations of buddhist texts from Classical Sanskrit into Chinese by
8342:
8812:
8027:
7772:
4866:
3621:
2131:
1618:
4217:
3151:
2979:
After the liberalisation of religions in China in the 1980s, there has been a growing movement of adoption of the
1078:
8643:
8513:
8419:
8409:
6238:
4487:
forms of religion) has undergone a revitalisation since the 1980s together with the overall revival of Buddhism.
2748:
1962:
1818:
1762:
3813:
3113:
1901:), which has been working in mainland China since 1991 and has opened its mainland headquarters in the 2010s in
1182:
8567:
8364:
8017:
7819:
7710:
7655:
6228:
4814:
18:
This article is about all Buddhist branches practiced in China. For the Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism, see
8334:
8032:
7715:
6007:
5840:
4687:
4210:
3965:
3425:
877:
683:
378:
8658:
5258:
1207:
994:
8848:
8780:
8688:
8557:
7917:
7789:
7760:
7462:
4555:, "True Tradition of the Pure Land"), or Shin Buddhism ("True Buddhism"), which is a Japanese variation of
4491:
3840:
3770:
3764:
3337:
628:
403:
363:
5275:
1313:
8754:
7608:
7517:
6987:
6632:
6145:
6040:
5635:
4381:
3614:
3231:
2786:
2426:
1292:
1239:
1128:
7152:
778:, based on the geographical location and administrative region instead of a particular Buddhist branch.
8843:
8833:
8759:
8616:
8506:
8457:
7937:
7413:
6899:
6022:
5855:
4791:
3312:
3236:
3183:
2862:
854:
7347:
1663:
8838:
8800:
8795:
8528:
8347:
8160:
8150:
8022:
7005:
6585:
6346:
6321:
5119:(2016), "Chinese religions", in Woodhead, Linda; Kawanami, Hiroko; Partridge, Christopher H. (eds.),
4722:
4368:
4224:
3781:
1917:
1871:
1428:
503:
6371:
3138:
2253:
1889:
movement, reintroduced from Taiwan and Chinese overseas communities, with organizations such as the
979:
873:, although there are also other forms of Buddhism practiced by a smaller number of people in China.
313:
8452:
7804:
7618:
7596:
7589:
7492:
7025:
6645:
6461:
6406:
6027:
5833:
5685:
5650:
5605:
5457:
5433:
4832:"Statistics on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China – Update for the Year 2022"
4536:
4504:
4308:
3861:
3495:
3302:
3073:
2384:
2325:
2236:
1957:
508:
458:
5381:
How Soka Gakkai Became a Global Buddhist Movement: The Internationalization of a Japanese Religion
969:
32:
8806:
8713:
8621:
8389:
8369:
7700:
7680:
7437:
7167:
6411:
5575:
5570:
5465:
4182:
3575:
3500:
3375:
2909:
2144:
2113:
1613:
668:
5079:"The growth of a Taiwanese Buddhist association in China: Soft power and institutional learning"
4203:
8611:
8399:
8239:
7907:
7877:
7650:
7601:
7442:
7390:
7385:
7147:
6968:
6865:
6617:
6612:
6361:
5695:
5670:
5585:
5565:
5485:
5228:
4113:
3163:
3158:
3133:
3028:
2706:
2664:
2545:
2372:
2281:
1822:
747:
483:
468:
448:
373:
368:
283:
190:
6729:
5248:"The Anthropological Study of Religion in China: Contexts, Collaborations, Debates and Trends"
3279:
2897:
and Manchus in the north, especially under the dynasties which they established in China, the
1588:
1214:
8744:
8606:
8552:
8404:
8374:
7955:
7887:
7720:
7635:
7630:
7554:
7549:
7467:
5997:
5781:
5660:
5655:
5535:
4692:
4301:
4098:
3847:
3580:
3226:
3063:
2957:
2472:
2018:
2000:
1743:
1528:
1278:
1229:
835:
688:
678:
633:
7020:
4921:
3274:
1578:
8427:
8394:
8379:
7897:
7794:
7740:
7625:
7564:
7532:
7527:
7512:
7497:
7487:
7452:
7365:
7057:
6980:
6283:
6223:
5972:
5939:
5889:
5675:
5630:
5610:
5600:
5500:
4732:
4650:
3817:
3520:
3430:
3322:
3078:
3068:
3033:
2976:, who from that year has been detained by the Chinese government and never seen in public.
2973:
2791:
2224:
2179:
1867:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1390:
1004:
698:
658:
653:
618:
463:
343:
251:
236:
180:
152:
8267:
6882:
6751:
6677:
6553:
6291:
4196:
8:
8790:
8718:
8698:
8234:
8113:
7947:
7922:
7912:
7872:
7849:
7732:
7705:
7665:
7584:
7574:
7502:
7429:
6860:
6717:
6498:
6476:
6428:
6248:
6048:
5904:
5884:
5755:
5700:
5615:
5595:
5480:
5470:
5426:
4702:
4175:
3053:
3013:
2803:
2798:
2367:
1945:
1886:
1885:
The revival of Chinese Buddhism in the 21st century has also seen the development of the
1796:
1708:
1198:
1189:
974:
881:
708:
663:
601:
541:
478:
423:
418:
173:
162:
97:
6208:
6135:
4461:
is the Chinese for Vajrayana). Tangmi, together with the broader religious tradition of
1123:
1014:
8703:
8599:
8297:
8202:
8044:
8007:
8002:
7932:
7882:
7829:
7824:
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7690:
7685:
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7660:
7645:
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7559:
7522:
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7252:
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6538:
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6341:
5987:
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4556:
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4231:
4189:
4001:
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3710:
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3440:
3370:
3293:
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3221:
3216:
2995:
2758:
2484:
2443:
2298:
2264:
2248:
1858:
1728:
1693:
1355:
1285:
850:
795:
693:
673:
613:
608:
496:
398:
391:
318:
308:
215:
114:
8096:
4662:
religion; among them, with an approach of non-exclusivity, 33.4% may be identified as
3410:
8764:
8749:
8728:
8683:
8544:
8536:
8475:
8437:
8133:
8118:
8081:
8066:
7839:
7755:
7670:
7507:
7472:
7184:
7174:
6855:
6702:
6687:
6558:
6481:
6401:
6336:
6268:
6155:
5912:
5810:
5640:
5620:
5555:
5530:
5385:
5358:
5317:
5187:
5150:
5124:
5102:
5041:
5016:
4985:
4952:
4945:
4889:
4846:
4717:
4625:
4530:
3550:
3525:
3385:
3342:
3332:
3198:
3173:
3058:
3043:
2858:
2632:
2550:
2494:
2477:
2467:
2438:
2303:
2286:
2274:
1801:
Buddhism was introduced into China by its western neighboring populations during the
1718:
1703:
1698:
1360:
1271:
1221:
901:
783:
740:
638:
428:
303:
246:
210:
195:
126:
7419:
6213:
6113:
4762:, a type of Mongolian shamanism which uses an expressive style inspired to Buddhism.
2360:
1098:
8723:
8693:
8594:
8589:
8123:
8076:
8071:
7927:
7892:
7867:
7862:
7613:
7569:
7482:
7157:
6813:
6806:
6590:
6580:
6466:
6130:
6002:
5625:
5590:
5540:
5449:
5090:
4881:
4759:
4238:
3946:
3941:
3807:
3802:
3786:
3545:
3530:
3515:
3510:
3128:
3048:
2852:
2674:
2669:
2506:
2501:
2460:
2450:
1935:
1925:
1828:
Spreading in China, Buddhism had to interact with indigenous religions, especially
1790:
1713:
1686:
1553:
1370:
1350:
1174:
1138:
846:
842:
814:
791:
787:
703:
648:
578:
568:
433:
110:
19:
7202:
4385:
2956:
school, the major school of Tibetan Buddhism—who, before fleeing China during the
2013:
1987:
1418:
8487:
8432:
8384:
8312:
8182:
7980:
7960:
7902:
7814:
7477:
7375:
7222:
6958:
6941:
6926:
6904:
6456:
6326:
6160:
6140:
5379:
5352:
5229:"Research Review of Bai Esoteric Buddhist Azhali Religion Since the 20th Century"
5144:
3585:
3485:
3405:
3390:
3317:
3091:
2949:
2938:
2713:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2206:
2201:
2103:
2023:
1658:
1593:
1433:
1151:
1133:
1118:
1009:
989:
858:
810:
728:
643:
443:
353:
298:
7232:
6386:
6376:
1453:
293:
8628:
8442:
8145:
7995:
7777:
7357:
7337:
7257:
6946:
6936:
6870:
6707:
6193:
6056:
4605:
4157:
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3671:
3651:
3475:
3460:
2969:
2917:
2718:
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2533:
2511:
2433:
2196:
2033:
2028:
1879:
1723:
1638:
1395:
1159:
1058:
959:
862:
818:
588:
518:
473:
331:
4885:
59:
8827:
8708:
8212:
8061:
7370:
7272:
7130:
6931:
6909:
6845:
6516:
6311:
6306:
6198:
5867:
5804:
5321:
5094:
4893:
4850:
4022:
4015:
3683:
3679:
3663:
3560:
3555:
3420:
3269:
3123:
2942:
2617:
2516:
2348:
2191:
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2126:
2108:
2088:
1842:
1623:
1608:
1548:
1380:
1340:
1083:
1024:
964:
949:
413:
408:
348:
6670:
6660:
6032:
4134:
3400:
553:
358:
8574:
8302:
8287:
8257:
8207:
8197:
8039:
7834:
7327:
7162:
7040:
6828:
6823:
6650:
6521:
6396:
5857:
4867:"Exploring Chinese folk religion: Popularity, diffuseness, and diversities"
4671:
3749:
3675:
3535:
3470:
3445:
3347:
3327:
3178:
3168:
3118:
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2902:
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2578:
2098:
1810:
1648:
1633:
1473:
453:
338:
256:
142:
7085:
7070:
7030:
6727:
6391:
5967:
3294:
3285:
2254:
1857:
In contemporary China, the most popular forms of Chinese Buddhism are the
1463:
1259:
1227:
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1172:
8272:
8101:
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but also among some minority ethnic groups in southwest China, mainly in
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1468:
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1108:
1051:
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799:
523:
8262:
6722:
3455:
2937:
in Chinese). However, there are many Tibetan Buddhist temples as far as
1063:
8633:
8217:
8175:
8051:
7857:
7782:
7396:
7380:
7342:
7322:
7217:
7192:
7100:
7035:
7015:
6761:
6692:
6563:
6446:
6416:
6351:
6301:
5959:
5949:
5922:
4751:
4432:
4152:
4120:
4091:
3994:
3987:
3923:
3911:
3886:
3694:
3667:
3590:
3490:
3480:
3307:
3254:
3108:
3098:
2768:
2573:
2413:
2401:
2391:
2355:
2093:
1832:. Such interaction gave rise to uniquely Han Chinese Buddhist schools (
1628:
1538:
1523:
1448:
1443:
1320:
1068:
1047:
944:
939:
528:
288:
185:
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2916:
and other provinces, and has a historical and significant presence in
1458:
999:
8678:
8663:
8192:
8165:
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6835:
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6602:
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6488:
6451:
6218:
6183:
6150:
6125:
6080:
5312:
Ong, Clifton Dodatsu. "The Propagation of Shin Buddhism in Chinese".
5182:
Davis, Edward L. (2009). "Theravada Buddhism among minority groups".
4560:
4542:
4372:
4362:
4084:
3755:
3718:
3647:
3642:
3465:
3415:
3193:
3188:
3003:
2763:
2396:
2379:
2149:
1806:
1653:
1413:
1365:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1073:
1019:
573:
548:
7965:
6801:
6655:
6421:
6203:
6072:
6064:
5078:
3259:
2607:
1583:
1513:
8482:
8322:
8277:
8222:
8187:
8091:
7750:
7317:
7312:
7262:
7197:
7115:
7080:
7075:
6736:
6607:
6595:
6506:
6165:
5862:
5418:
4663:
4601:
4484:
4462:
4411:
3690:
2890:
2867:
The Buddhist schools that emerged in the cultural sphere of Tibet (
2659:
2595:
2320:
2076:
2038:
1967:
1573:
1498:
1423:
1375:
1325:
1113:
909:
822:
779:
771:
583:
563:
558:
438:
134:
93:
89:
46:
7307:
7297:
7282:
7105:
6975:
6243:
5335:
Woodhead, Linda; Partridge, Christopher; Kawanami, Hiroko (2016).
5062:
Woodhead, Linda; Partridge, Christopher; Kawanami, Hiroko (2016).
2051:
1603:
1568:
1558:
1518:
8668:
8227:
8170:
8155:
7302:
7292:
7267:
7142:
7137:
7095:
7065:
6997:
6963:
6850:
6791:
6786:
6640:
6543:
6381:
6331:
6118:
5944:
4794:(CFPS) of the year 2018, as contained in the following analyses:
4283:
4055:
4034:
3659:
3600:
3570:
3435:
2913:
2894:
2743:
2699:
2694:
2590:
2489:
2455:
2243:
2167:
1952:
1891:
1851:
1563:
1493:
1488:
1385:
1330:
1029:
984:
866:
263:
6914:
6682:
8579:
8307:
8292:
8128:
7990:
7970:
7745:
7407:
7287:
7277:
7212:
6840:
6796:
6781:
6771:
6741:
6665:
6548:
6316:
6188:
5932:
5927:
5408:
5283:
4951:. Translated by Kierman, Frank A. University of Massachusetts.
4667:
4609:
4581:
4564:
4439:
4315:
4273:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4062:
4041:
3958:
3893:
3879:
3655:
3352:
2644:
2408:
2343:
2066:
2061:
2056:
1977:
1902:
1863:
1829:
1598:
1533:
1503:
1438:
1335:
831:
723:
278:
273:
268:
231:
42:
38:
5038:
The Chinese Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and Culture
8531:
8447:
8282:
8140:
8106:
8086:
8056:
7985:
7402:
7247:
7125:
7120:
7090:
7045:
6892:
6887:
6766:
6471:
6296:
6263:
6253:
5121:
Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations
4826:
the 2010s and early 2020s, with an emphasis on the CFPS 2018.
4755:
4675:
4597:
4568:
4406:
4278:
4127:
4106:
4048:
3953:
3728:
3264:
2980:
2961:
2953:
2654:
2612:
2602:
2555:
1982:
1972:
1875:
1643:
1543:
1478:
954:
775:
513:
5011:
Dumoulin, Heinrich; Heisig, James W.; Knitter, Paul (2005).
825:, Zhejiang. Cundi is the Tang Mysteries' version of Guanyin.
782:
is the largest officially recognized and the most prevalent
8317:
7110:
6776:
6273:
4069:
3450:
2886:
2585:
870:
4596:) founded in 2010. There are Shin Buddhist groups also in
3650:
Buddhism is a major form of Buddhism, practised mostly in
8673:
7975:
6511:
5334:
5061:
3698:
Cultural Revolution, but after the 1980s it was revived.
2972:, while the 14th Dalai Lama asserted in 1995 that it was
1345:
841:
The largest Buddhist branch in China is Han Buddhism, or
4431:) is a Vajrayana Buddhist religion practised among the
4567:
and China proper. With the unconditional surrender of
4438:
The Vajrayana current of Chinese Buddhism is known as
5010:
4571:
at the end of the war, the missions were shut down.
2908:
Today, Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant religion in
4590:) founded in 2006 and the Shaanxi Fǎléi Niànfóhuì (
5177:
5175:
4977:
4944:
8825:
5123:(3nd ed.), London: Routledge, p. 148,
5066:(third ed.). New York, New York: Routledge.
5172:
5142:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4790:2023 approximations of the statistics from the
1874:. Many temples in China also claim to preserve
4865:Zhang, Chunni; Lu, Yunfeng; He, Sheng (2021).
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
8514:
5841:
5434:
4839:Religions & Christianity in Today's China
4829:
4641:
4591:
4585:
4575:
4559:, carried out missionary activity throughout
4508:
4495:
4475:
4466:
4449:
4443:
4423:
4342:
3622:
2929:
2877:
2868:
2832:
1896:
1833:
1770:
748:
6623:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
5357:. University Press of America. p. 127.
5255:Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series
5184:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
5149:. University of Chicago Press. p. 369.
4909:
4775:
8521:
8507:
5848:
5834:
5441:
5427:
5226:
5143:Goossaert, Vincent; Palmer, David (2011).
5115:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4349:
4335:
3629:
3615:
2920:(where the religion's traditional name is
2839:
2825:
1777:
1763:
755:
741:
5239:
5076:
4971:
4969:
4864:
774:that has been developed and practiced in
5384:. Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 118–119.
5268:
5013:Zen Buddhism: A History, India and China
4405:
4376:
809:
7810:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
5377:
5350:
5227:Huang, Zhengliang; Zhang, Xilu (2013).
4999:
4975:
4942:
4821:from the original on 30 September 2023.
4804:. Pew Research Center. 30 August 2023.
3038:
892:
8826:
8013:List of Buddhist architecture in China
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5146:The Religious Question in Modern China
4966:
4811:from the original on 9 September 2023.
4713:List of Buddhist architecture in China
8502:
5829:
5422:
5245:
5181:
5035:
4903:from the original on 15 October 2023.
4410:Mengle Temple, a Theravada temple in
3701:
3693:. Thais began to bring copies of the
2986:
865:, and the southern regions bordering
5448:
5282:(52). 29 August 2013. Archived from
5206:
4619:
4519:
2893:influence in the west, and with the
887:
73:Regions with significant populations
5290:
4708:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
1908:
13:
7800:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
4860:from the original on 23 June 2023.
4728:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2309:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
1872:second highest statue in the world
1868:Great Buddha of the Central Plains
206:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
201:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
8860:
8786:Heterodox teachings (Chinese law)
5402:
5036:Moore, Charles Alexander (1967).
4880:(4). SAGE Publications: 575–592.
4830:Wenzel-Teuber, Katharina (2023).
4535:From the 1890s to the end of the
3658:. Theravada Buddhism spread from
8813:Huichang Persecution of Buddhism
8642:
8530:
8481:
8471:
8470:
8028:Thai temple art and architecture
7773:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
6013:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
5879:
5866:
5856:
5809:
5800:
5799:
5407:
5169:Haicheng Ling, Buddhism in China
4524:
4029:Thought forms and visualisation:
3727:
3012:
1934:
918:
880:was founded in 1953. During the
722:
141:
88:
31:
5880:
5378:Metraux, Daniel Alfred (2010).
5371:
5351:Metraux, Daniel Alfred (1994).
5344:
5328:
5311:
5220:
5200:
5163:
5136:
4744:
4656:
1819:Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution
8568:Chinese salvationist religions
8018:Japanese Buddhist architecture
7820:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
6900:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
6091:Places where the Buddha stayed
5767:British Indian Ocean Territory
5109:
5070:
5055:
5040:. University of Hawaii Press.
5029:
4980:Buddhism: A Modern Perspective
4936:
4815:"Measuring Religions in China"
2960:, had full political power in
1:
8033:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
5337:Religions in the Modern World
5064:Religions in the Modern World
4799:"Measuring Religion in China"
4768:
4688:Buddhist Association of China
2952:—the spiritual leader of the
2945:in Beijing being an example.
878:Buddhist Association of China
8781:Freedom of religion in China
7790:Buddhism and the Roman world
7766:Decline of Buddhism in India
7761:History of Buddhism in India
5861: Topics in
4874:Chinese Journal of Sociology
4674:, and 1.6% are adherents of
4492:Gateway of the Hidden Flower
3841:Gateway of the Hidden Flower
3765:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
1815:persecutions of the religion
404:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
6988:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
6728:
4947:Taoism and Chinese Religion
4681:
4580:) in 2000, followed by the
4382:Larung Gar Buddhist Academy
4296:Ordination and transmission
3295:
3286:
3232:Sri Lankan Forest Tradition
2255:
1866:and temples, including the
1260:
1228:
1196:
1173:
805:
10:
8865:
7938:The unanswerable questions
5354:The Soka Gakkai Revolution
5233:Journal of Dali University
4792:China Family Panel Studies
4629:
4623:
4528:
4366:
4360:
3771:Filipino Esoteric Buddhism
3640:
3237:Southern Esoteric Buddhism
2924:, "Buddha's religion", or
2863:Religion in Inner Mongolia
2856:
2850:
1794:
1788:
855:ethnic minorities in China
68:or 33.4% (studies in 2023)
17:
8801:Ghosts in Chinese culture
8796:Regional Religious System
8773:
8737:
8651:
8640:
8543:
8466:
8418:
8333:
8248:
8023:Buddhist temples in Korea
7946:
7848:
7731:
7428:
7356:
7183:
7056:
6996:
6631:
6586:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
6497:
6489:Three planes of existence
6437:
6282:
6174:
6104:
6096:Buddha in world religions
5958:
5903:
5875:
5795:
5754:
5714:
5456:
5257:(250): 25. Archived from
5077:Laliberté, André (2012).
4976:Prebish, Charles (1975).
4886:10.1177/2057150X211042687
4723:Sacred Mountains of China
4642:
4592:
4586:
4576:
4509:
4496:
4476:
4467:
4450:
4444:
4424:
4369:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2930:
2878:
2869:
1897:
1834:
109:
104:
87:
82:
77:
72:
58:
53:
30:
8545:Major religions in China
7805:Persecution of Buddhists
7026:Four stages of awakening
6407:Three marks of existence
5993:Physical characteristics
5516:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5186:. Taylor & Francis.
5095:10.1177/0920203X12466206
4845:. China Zentrum: 18–44.
4738:
4551:(淨土真宗; Chinese reading:
4537:Second Sino-Japanese War
4505:True Awakening Tradition
4309:Pointing-out instruction
3862:True Awakening Tradition
2928:, the "Yellow religion"—
2338:Practices and attainment
2326:Pointing-out instruction
2237:Three marks of existence
853:are mainly practiced by
8807:Three Persian religions
8714:Mongolian folk religion
7168:Ten principal disciples
6051:(aunt, adoptive mother)
5777:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5246:Liang, Yongjia (2016).
4943:Maspero, Henri (1981).
4563:, including Manchuria,
3576:Varanggana Vanavichayen
3313:Seven Aids to Awakening
1850:personal attainment of
1263:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra
424:Philosophical reasoning
8563:Folk ritual ministries
7878:Buddhism and democracy
7391:Tibetan Buddhist canon
7386:Chinese Buddhist canon
6618:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
6613:Early Buddhist schools
5339:. Apex CoVantage, LLC.
5276:"The "Cult" of Buddha"
5209:Asian Folklore Studies
4419:
4403:
3742:Historical traditions:
3159:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3134:Abhidhammattha-sangaha
2707:Tibetan Buddhist canon
1293:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra
1240:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
826:
191:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
8553:Chinese folk religion
7888:Eight Consciousnesses
5998:Life of Buddha in art
5416:at Wikimedia Commons
4750:"Yellow religion", a
4693:Buddhism in Hong Kong
4630:Further information:
4612:and other provinces.
4409:
4380:
4367:Further information:
4302:Esoteric transmission
4225:Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra
3581:Dhammananda Bhikkhuni
3227:Thai Forest Tradition
2958:1959 Tibetan uprising
2282:Dependent origination
1254:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1231:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
1175:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
1160:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras
813:
459:Aids to Enlightenment
284:Dependent Origination
8365:East Asian religions
7795:Buddhism in the West
7366:Early Buddhist texts
6981:Four Right Exertions
6447:Ten spiritual realms
5940:Noble Eightfold Path
5691:United Arab Emirates
4984:. Penn State Press.
4758:, may also refer to
4733:Timeline of Buddhism
4547:organisation of the
4483:; which may include
3848:New Kadampa Buddhism
3431:Anagarika Dharmapala
3338:Enlightenment Stages
3323:Noble Eightfold Path
2974:Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
2912:, among Tibetans in
2781:History and overview
2180:Samding Dorje Phagmo
2045:Second dissemination
1817:, starting with the
1005:Bodhisattva Precepts
965:Transcendent Virtues
893:Han Chinese Buddhism
429:Devotional practices
252:Noble Eightfold Path
8849:Buddhism by country
8791:Irreligion in China
8719:Qiang folk religion
8558:Ancestor veneration
8488:Religion portal
8235:Temple of the Tooth
8114:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
7153:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
6646:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
6429:Two truths doctrine
6249:Mahapajapati Gotamī
6049:Mahapajapati Gotamī
5718:limited recognition
5264:on 23 October 2017.
5117:Feuchtwang, Stephan
4703:East Asian Buddhism
4218:Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti
4211:Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa
4183:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra
4176:Anuttarayoga Tantra
3139:Yogāvacara's manual
3104:Paracanonical texts
2568:Institutional roles
2007:First dissemination
1887:Humanistic Buddhist
1797:East Asian Buddhism
1676:Regional traditions
1215:Lalitavistara Sūtra
1190:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra
1183:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra
1079:Prajñāpāramitā Devī
995:Non-abiding Nirvana
960:Transcendent Wisdom
882:Cultural Revolution
729:Buddhism portal
602:Buddhism by country
364:Sanskrit literature
98:East Asian Mahayana
37:Buddhist temple in
27:
8704:Miao folk religion
8600:Theravada Buddhism
8410:Western philosophy
8008:Dzong architecture
7830:Vipassana movement
7825:Buddhist modernism
7253:Emperor Wen of Sui
7021:Pratyekabuddhayāna
6954:Threefold Training
6756:Vipassana movement
6472:Hungry Ghost realm
6292:Avidyā (Ignorance)
6239:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
5988:Great Renunciation
5983:Eight Great Events
5865:
5286:on 5 January 2017.
4817:. 30 August 2023.
4698:Buddhism in Taiwan
4557:Pure Land Buddhism
4420:
4404:
4232:Vajrasekhara Sutra
4190:Guhyagarbha Tantra
4002:Anuttarayogatantra
3974:Fourfold division:
3966:Tantric techniques
3855:Shambhala Buddhism
3720:Vajrayana Buddhism
3702:Vajrayana Buddhism
3506:K. Sri Dhammananda
3441:Vajirananavarorasa
3371:Moggaliputta-Tissa
3328:Four Divine Abodes
3222:Vipassana movement
3217:Buddhist modernism
3005:Theravāda Buddhism
2987:Theravada Buddhism
2759:Tree of physiology
2299:Four Tenets system
1300:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra
1286:Golden Light Sutra
1199:Vimalakirtinirdeśa
1015:Bodhisattva stages
980:Consciousness-only
851:Theravada Buddhism
827:
796:Theravada Buddhism
216:Buddhist modernism
25:
8844:Religion in China
8834:Buddhism in China
8821:
8820:
8729:Yao folk religion
8537:Religion in China
8496:
8495:
8134:Om mani padme hum
7840:Women in Buddhism
7756:Buddhist councils
7626:Western countries
7414:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
7175:Shaolin Monastery
6752:Samatha-vipassanā
6362:Pratītyasamutpāda
6166:Metteyya/Maitreya
6084:
6076:
6068:
6060:
6052:
6044:
6036:
5913:Four Noble Truths
5823:
5822:
5760:other territories
5450:Buddhism in Asia
5414:Buddhism in China
5412:Media related to
5391:978-0-7734-3758-6
5193:978-0-415-77716-2
5156:978-0-226-30416-8
5130:978-1-317-43960-8
5083:China Information
4958:978-0-87023-308-1
4718:Religion in China
4626:Nichiren Buddhism
4620:Nichiren Buddhism
4584:Fǎléi Niànfóhuì (
4520:Japanese Buddhism
4359:
4358:
4251:Symbols and tools
4197:Kulayarāja Tantra
4011:
4009:Twofold division:
3976:
3639:
3638:
3333:Four Noble Truths
3199:Pali Text Society
3174:Buddhist councils
2859:Religion in Tibet
2849:
2848:
2811:Index of articles
2427:Major monasteries
2385:Tantra techniques
2304:Rangtong-Shentong
2212:10th Panchen Lama
2001:Key personalities
1787:
1786:
1272:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1247:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
1222:Samādhirāja Sūtra
945:Mind of Awakening
911:Mahāyāna Buddhism
888:Forms of Buddhism
784:religion in China
768:Buddhism in China
765:
764:
247:Four Noble Truths
120:
119:
26:Buddhism in China
8856:
8839:Buddhism in Asia
8694:Manchu shamanism
8646:
8595:Tibetan Buddhism
8590:Chinese Buddhism
8535:
8534:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8500:
8499:
8486:
8485:
8474:
8473:
8313:Sacred languages
8161:Maya Devi Temple
8124:Mahabodhi Temple
7928:Secular Buddhism
7893:Engaged Buddhism
6733:
6581:Tibetan Buddhism
6532:Vietnamese Thiền
6131:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
6082:
6074:
6066:
6058:
6050:
6042:
6034:
5883:
5882:
5870:
5860:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5827:
5826:
5813:
5803:
5802:
5772:Christmas Island
5458:Sovereign states
5443:
5436:
5429:
5420:
5419:
5411:
5396:
5395:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5309:
5288:
5287:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5252:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5179:
5170:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5015:. World Wisdom.
5008:
4997:
4995:
4983:
4973:
4964:
4962:
4950:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4924:. 30 August 2023
4918:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4836:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4803:
4788:
4763:
4760:yellow shamanism
4748:
4647:Chuàngjià xuéhuì
4645:
4644:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4427:
4426:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4239:Yuthok Nyingthig
4007:
3972:
3947:Completion stage
3942:Generation stage
3731:
3721:
3706:
3705:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3516:Asoka Weeraratna
3511:Narada Mahathera
3298:
3289:
3129:Abhidhammavatara
3114:Sub-commentaries
3016:
3006:
2991:
2990:
2933:
2932:
2926:Shira-in Shashin
2922:Burkhany Shashin
2881:
2880:
2874:Zàngchuán Fójiào
2872:
2871:
2853:Tibetan Buddhism
2841:
2834:
2827:
2764:Festival thangka
2258:
2231:General Buddhist
1938:
1928:
1927:Tibetan Buddhism
1913:
1912:
1909:Tibetan Buddhism
1900:
1899:
1878:of the original
1837:
1836:
1791:Chinese Buddhism
1779:
1772:
1765:
1554:Hongzhi Zhengjue
1371:Tibetan Buddhism
1279:Ghanavyūha sūtra
1267:
1235:
1208:Pure Land Sutras
1203:
1178:
1139:Wrathful deities
922:
912:
897:
896:
847:Tibetan Buddhism
843:Chinese Buddhism
792:Tibetan Buddhism
788:Chinese Buddhism
757:
750:
743:
727:
726:
454:Sublime abidings
145:
122:
121:
92:
78:Throughout China
67:
54:Total population
35:
28:
24:
20:Chinese Buddhism
8864:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8824:
8823:
8822:
8817:
8769:
8733:
8652:Other religions
8647:
8638:
8539:
8529:
8527:
8497:
8492:
8480:
8462:
8414:
8329:
8244:
7981:Ordination hall
7942:
7844:
7815:Buddhist crisis
7727:
7424:
7376:Mahayana sutras
7352:
7348:Thích Nhất Hạnh
7179:
7052:
6992:
6942:Bodhisattva vow
6627:
6493:
6433:
6392:Taṇhā (Craving)
6327:Five hindrances
6278:
6170:
6100:
5954:
5899:
5871:
5854:
5824:
5819:
5791:
5759:
5750:
5731:Northern Cyprus
5717:
5710:
5452:
5447:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5349:
5345:
5333:
5329:
5310:
5291:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5250:
5244:
5240:
5225:
5221:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5180:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5114:
5110:
5075:
5071:
5060:
5056:
5048:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5009:
5000:
4992:
4974:
4967:
4959:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4900:
4869:
4857:
4834:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4756:Yellow Hat sect
4749:
4745:
4741:
4684:
4659:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4553:Jìngtǔ Zhēnzōng
4533:
4527:
4522:
4501:Huácáng Zōngmén
4455:Hànchuán Mìzōng
4398:
4394:
4393:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4326:
4325:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4204:Mahāmāyā Tantra
4171:
4163:
4162:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4114:Luminosity yoga
3937:
3929:
3928:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3739:
3719:
3704:
3686:ethnic groups.
3670:, and also the
3662:to present-day
3645:
3635:
3606:
3605:
3586:Ayya Tathaaloka
3486:Maha Ghosananda
3426:Sumangala Thera
3411:Sāriputta Thera
3406:Parakramabahu I
3366:
3358:
3357:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3154:
3144:
3143:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3024:
3004:
2989:
2950:14th Dalai Lama
2939:northeast China
2865:
2855:
2845:
2816:
2815:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2714:Mahayana sutras
2690:
2680:
2679:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2207:14th Dalai Lama
2202:13th Dalai Lama
2186:
2175:
2157:
2139:
2121:
2104:Patrul Rinpoche
2046:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1948:
1926:
1911:
1839:Hànchuán Fójiào
1799:
1793:
1783:
1754:
1753:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1664:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1659:14th Dalai Lama
1594:Abhayākaragupta
1409:
1401:
1400:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1154:
1152:Mahayana sutras
1144:
1143:
1054:
1040:
1039:
1010:Bodhisattva vow
930:
910:
895:
890:
859:Tibetan Plateau
808:
761:
721:
714:
713:
604:
594:
593:
544:
534:
533:
499:
489:
488:
394:
384:
383:
354:Mahayana Sutras
334:
324:
323:
264:Five Aggregates
242:
241:
221:
220:
211:Later Buddhists
176:
115:other languages
62:
49:
23:
12:
11:
5:
8862:
8852:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8760:Inner Mongolia
8757:
8752:
8747:
8741:
8739:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8655:
8653:
8649:
8648:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8617:Roman Catholic
8614:
8604:
8603:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8549:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8526:
8525:
8518:
8511:
8503:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8478:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8424:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8355:
8345:
8339:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8254:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8045:Greco-Buddhist
8037:
8036:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7996:Burmese pagoda
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7952:
7950:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7778:Greco-Buddhism
7775:
7770:
7769:
7768:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7737:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7711:United Kingdom
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7656:Czech Republic
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7616:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7535:
7530:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7434:
7432:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7420:Abhidharmadīpa
7417:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7338:B. R. Ambedkar
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7258:Songtsen Gampo
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6937:Eight precepts
6934:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6816:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6725:
6715:
6710:
6708:Five Strengths
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6573:
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6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
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6524:
6519:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6347:Mental factors
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6199:Mahamoggallāna
6196:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6114:Avalokiteśvara
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6078:
6070:
6062:
6054:
6046:
6038:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5853:
5852:
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5830:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5807:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5763:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5749:
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5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
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5608:
5603:
5598:
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5513:
5508:
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5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5404:
5403:External links
5401:
5398:
5397:
5390:
5370:
5363:
5343:
5327:
5289:
5267:
5238:
5219:
5199:
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5155:
5135:
5129:
5108:
5069:
5054:
5046:
5028:
5021:
4998:
4990:
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4935:
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4862:
4827:
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4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4683:
4680:
4658:
4655:
4624:Main article:
4621:
4618:
4606:Inner Mongolia
4529:Main article:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4481:Dátèluó mìjiào
4361:Main article:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
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4158:Ullambana Puja
4155:
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3759:
3758:
3753:
3750:Burmese-Bengal
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3700:
3652:Southeast Asia
3641:Main article:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3619:
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3607:
3604:
3603:
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3533:
3528:
3523:
3521:Walpola Rahula
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:Mun Bhuridatta
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Mahasi Sayadaw
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
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3009:
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3000:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2970:Gyancain Norbu
2918:Inner Mongolia
2851:Main article:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Wall paintings
2746:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:Nyingma Gyubum
2716:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Galdan Namchot
2647:
2642:
2640:Chotrul Duchen
2636:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:Avalokiteśvara
2358:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:5th Dalai Lama
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2132:Rangjung Dorje
2129:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2034:Trisong Detsen
2031:
2029:Songtsen Gampo
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1907:
1880:Gautama Buddha
1823:Emperor Wuzong
1789:Main article:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Rangjung Dorje
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Ratnākaraśānti
1586:
1581:
1579:Śaṅkaranandana
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Shāntarakshita
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:Chung Tai Shan
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Avalokiteśvara
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:Three Turnings
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:Three vehicles
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Skillful Means
952:
947:
942:
937:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
915:
914:
906:
905:
894:
891:
889:
886:
863:Inner Mongolia
857:living on the
819:Lingyin Temple
807:
804:
763:
762:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
716:
715:
712:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
605:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
519:Pratyekabuddha
516:
511:
506:
500:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
481:
476:
474:Buddhist chant
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
332:Buddhist texts
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
260:
259:
249:
243:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
177:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
147:
146:
138:
137:
131:
130:
118:
117:
107:
106:
102:
101:
85:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
51:
50:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8861:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8772:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8650:
8645:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8609:
8608:
8605:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8533:
8524:
8519:
8517:
8512:
8510:
8505:
8504:
8501:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8477:
8469:
8468:
8465:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8250:Miscellaneous
8247:
8241:
8240:Vegetarianism
8238:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:Buddha in art
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7716:United States
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:Padmasambhava
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7185:Major figures
7182:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7131:Western tulku
7129:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6932:Five precepts
6930:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6910:Dhamma vicaya
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:Buddhābhiṣeka
6676:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6322:Enlightenment
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:Dhamma theory
6310:
6308:
6307:Buddha-nature
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6146:Samantabhadra
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6047:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5839:
5837:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:South Ossetia
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5410:
5393:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5364:0-8191-9733-5
5360:
5356:
5355:
5347:
5338:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5178:
5176:
5166:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5139:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5089:(1): 81–105.
5088:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5065:
5058:
5052:pp. 133, 147.
5049:
5047:0-8248-0075-3
5043:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5022:0-941532-89-5
5018:
5014:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4993:
4991:0-271-01195-5
4987:
4982:
4981:
4972:
4970:
4960:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4939:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4863:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4807:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4774:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4743:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4640:(in Chinese:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4583:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4539:in 1945, the
4538:
4532:
4525:Shin Buddhism
4517:
4515:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4465:(in Chinese:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4417:
4416:Xishuangbanna
4413:
4408:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4170:Tantric texts
4167:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4024:
4023:Outer Tantras
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:Inner Tantras
4014:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3835:New branches:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3664:Xishuangbanna
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Ajahn Sumedho
3559:
3557:
3556:Bhikkhu Bodhi
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Ram Khamhaeng
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Five precepts
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Early schools
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:Visuddhimagga
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:Pāli Tipiṭaka
3097:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3079:Western world
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2943:Yonghe Temple
2940:
2936:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2618:Western tulku
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Je Tsongkhapa
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Sakya Pandita
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Dudjom Lingpa
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Yeshe Tsogyal
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Padmasambhāva
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1843:Chan Buddhism
1840:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Sakya Pandita
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Dahui Zonggao
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1405:
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484:Vegetarianism
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439:Recollections
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374:Chinese canon
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369:Tibetan canon
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29:
21:
16:
8805:
8659:Baháʼí Faith
8607:Christianity
8584:
8575:Confucianism
8428:Bodhisattvas
8348:Christianity
8343:Baháʼí Faith
8208:Dharmachakra
8198:Prayer wheel
8188:Prayer beads
7956:Architecture
7835:969 Movement
7619:Saudi Arabia
7597:Central Asia
7590:South Africa
7457:
7412:
7395:
7328:Panchen Lama
7233:Buddhapālita
6829:Satipatthana
6824:Mindful Yoga
6737:Recollection
6651:Brahmavihara
6522:Japanese Zen
6517:Chinese Chan
6477:Animal realm
6284:Key concepts
6106:Bodhisattvas
5918:Three Jewels
5756:Dependencies
5686:Turkmenistan
5651:Saudi Arabia
5505:
5406:
5380:
5373:
5353:
5346:
5336:
5330:
5313:
5284:the original
5279:
5270:
5259:the original
5254:
5241:
5232:
5222:
5217:pp. 363–365.
5212:
5208:
5202:
5183:
5165:
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5086:
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4979:
4946:
4938:
4926:. Retrieved
4877:
4873:
4842:
4838:
4746:
4672:Christianity
4660:
4657:Demographics
4651:house church
4646:
4635:
4614:
4573:
4552:
4549:Jōdo Shinshū
4548:
4540:
4534:
4531:Jōdo Shinshū
4513:
4500:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4458:
4454:
4437:
4428:
4421:
4068:
4067:
4028:
4027:
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4006:
3973:
3971:
3964:
3963:
3834:
3833:
3746:Ari-Acharya
3741:
3688:
3646:
3536:U Dhammaloka
3471:S. N. Goenka
3446:Ledi Sayadaw
3348:Three Jewels
3179:Vibhajjavada
3119:Vimuttimagga
3109:Commentaries
2978:
2966:Panchen Lama
2947:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2907:
2903:Qing dynasty
2882:
2873:
2866:
2754:Ashtamangala
2739:Sand mandala
2579:Panchen Lama
2546:Tashi Lhunpo
2178:
2099:Jigme Lingpa
2019:Śāntarakṣita
1890:
1884:
1856:
1848:
1838:
1827:
1811:Tang dynasty
1800:
1681:
1649:D. T. Suzuki
1454:Buddhapālita
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1166:
1158:
1052:Bodhisattvas
985:Three bodies
875:
840:
828:
767:
766:
623:
434:Merit making
399:Three Jewels
339:Buddhavacana
269:Impermanence
257:Dharma wheel
64:
15:
8699:Manichaeism
8273:Dharma talk
8102:Asalha Puja
7898:Eschatology
7701:Switzerland
7681:New Zealand
7609:Middle East
7518:Philippines
7438:Afghanistan
7243:Bodhidharma
7228:Buddhaghosa
7148:Householder
7058:Monasticism
7011:Bodhisattva
6866:Prostration
6819:Mindfulness
6747:Anapanasati
6730:Kammaṭṭhāna
6527:Korean Seon
6467:Asura realm
6462:Human realm
6402:Ten Fetters
6357:Parinirvana
6259:Uppalavanna
6224:Mahākaccana
6209:Mahākassapa
6141:Kṣitigarbha
6136:Ākāśagarbha
6033:Suddhodāna
5978:Four sights
5905:Foundations
5815:Asia portal
5716:States with
5636:Philippines
5576:South Korea
5571:North Korea
5466:Afghanistan
4666:, 19.6% as
4638:Soka Gakkai
4632:Soka Gakkai
4514:Zhēnfó Zōng
4321:Vajracharya
3917:Bodhisattva
3803:Inner Asian
3778:East Asian
3596:Kee Nanayon
3566:Ajahn Brahm
3551:Nyanaponika
3541:Nyanatiloka
3526:Jayatilleke
3501:Pragyananda
3396:Buddhadatta
3391:Buddhaghoṣa
3381:Sanghamitta
3365:Key figures
3318:Mindfulness
3280:Kammaṭṭhāna
2473:Mindrolling
2270:Bodhisattva
2072:Sukhasiddhi
2062:Abhayakirti
1803:Han dynasty
1687:Han Chinese
1509:Amoghavajra
1484:Bodhidharma
1474:Candrakīrti
1469:Dharmakīrti
1464:Bhāvaviveka
1419:Ashvaghosha
1408:Key figures
1167:Lotus Sūtra
1124:Ākāśagarbha
1119:Kṣitigarbha
1109:Vajrasattva
1000:One Vehicle
935:Bodhisattva
800:Han dynasty
669:New Zealand
524:Bodhisattva
509:Four Stages
464:Monasticism
444:Mindfulness
414:Perfections
344:Early Texts
65:470 million
8828:Categories
8634:Falun Gong
8612:Protestant
8390:Psychology
8370:Gnosticism
8358:Comparison
8353:Influences
8335:Comparison
8218:Bhavacakra
8176:Kushinagar
8151:Pilgrimage
8097:Māgha Pūjā
8052:Bodhi Tree
7868:Buddhology
7858:Abhidharma
7850:Philosophy
7783:Menander I
7651:Costa Rica
7602:Uzbekistan
7443:Bangladesh
7397:Dhammapada
7381:Pali Canon
7343:Ajahn Chah
7323:Dalai Lama
7223:Kumārajīva
7218:Vasubandhu
7193:The Buddha
7101:Zen master
7036:Sakadagami
7016:Buddhahood
6947:Pratimokṣa
6762:Shikantaza
6718:Meditation
6693:Deity yoga
6564:Madhyamaka
6457:Deva realm
6352:Mindstream
6302:Bodhicitta
6214:Aṅgulimāla
6081:Devadatta
6057:Yaśodharā
5960:The Buddha
5950:Middle Way
5696:Uzbekistan
5671:Tajikistan
5586:Kyrgyzstan
5566:Kazakhstan
5486:Bangladesh
5476:Azerbaijan
4922:"Buddhism"
4769:References
4752:synecdoche
4503:) and the
4433:Bai people
4429:Āzhālìjiào
4153:Ganachakra
4128:Death yoga
4121:Dream yoga
4107:Inner heat
4092:Deity yoga
3995:Yogatantra
3988:Charyayoga
3924:Kalachakra
3912:Buddhahood
3887:Mahasiddha
3738:Traditions
3695:Pali canon
3668:Dai people
3591:Ayya Khema
3531:Kalupahana
3496:Mahapragya
3491:Kripasaran
3481:Ajahn Chah
3401:Dhammapāla
3308:Middle Way
3303:Meditation
3255:Abhidhamma
3184:Mahāvihāra
3029:Bangladesh
2857:See also:
2769:Mani stone
2574:Dalai Lama
2414:Buddhahood
2402:Dream yoga
2392:Deity yoga
2368:Meditation
2356:Bodhicitta
2094:Longchenpa
2024:Kamalaśīla
1795:See also:
1629:Longchenpa
1624:Tsongkhapa
1539:Mazu Daoyi
1524:Shāntideva
1449:Sthiramati
1444:Vasubandhu
1434:Kumārajīva
1391:Fa Gu Shan
1321:Mādhyamaka
1069:Adi-Buddha
1059:Shakyamuni
1020:Pure Lands
975:Two truths
940:Buddhahood
770:refers to
542:Traditions
479:Pilgrimage
419:Meditation
379:Post-canon
359:Pāli Canon
289:Middle Way
186:The Buddha
8755:Northeast
8745:Hong Kong
8738:By region
8679:Dongbaism
8664:Benzhuism
8458:Festivals
8438:Buddhists
8400:Theosophy
8203:Symbolism
8193:Hama yumi
8166:Bodh Gaya
7933:Socialism
7908:Evolution
7883:Economics
7721:Venezuela
7636:Australia
7631:Argentina
7555:Sri Lanka
7550:Singapore
7468:Indonesia
7430:Countries
7371:Tripiṭaka
7333:Ajahn Mun
7208:Nagarjuna
7203:Aśvaghoṣa
7086:Anagārika
7081:Śrāmaṇerī
7076:Śrāmaṇera
7071:Bhikkhunī
7031:Sotāpanna
6920:Passaddhi
6861:Offerings
6836:Nekkhamma
6713:Iddhipada
6633:Practices
6603:Theravada
6576:Vajrayana
6569:Yogachara
6539:Pure Land
6452:Six Paths
6439:Cosmology
6219:Anuruddha
6194:Sāriputta
6184:Kaundinya
6176:Disciples
6151:Vajrapāṇi
6003:Footprint
5968:Tathāgata
5782:Hong Kong
5736:Palestine
5661:Sri Lanka
5656:Singapore
5536:Indonesia
5322:1343-3695
5316:: 28–50.
5103:155252301
4894:2057-150X
4851:2192-9289
4754:from the
4664:Buddhists
4561:East Asia
4418:, Yunnan.
4373:Azhaliism
4363:Vajrayana
4147:Festivals
4099:Six yogas
4085:Guru yoga
3981:Kriyayoga
3936:Practices
3648:Theravada
3643:Theravada
3466:U Ba Khin
3416:Anawrahta
3194:Mahavamsa
3189:Dipavamsa
3169:Sthaviras
3064:Sri Lanka
3023:Countries
2935:Huángjiào
2633:Festivals
2397:Guru yoga
2380:Vajrayana
2349:Pāramitās
2249:Cosmology
2225:Teachings
2150:Taranatha
1859:Pure Land
1821:(845) by
1807:An Shigao
1744:Indonesia
1654:Sheng-yen
1429:Lokakṣema
1414:Nāgārjuna
1366:Vajrayāna
1356:Pure Land
1104:Vajrapāṇi
1089:Vairocana
1074:Akshobhya
970:Emptiness
929:Teachings
689:Sri Lanka
679:Singapore
634:Indonesia
574:Vajrayāna
549:Theravāda
504:Awakening
392:Practices
349:Tripiṭaka
319:Cosmology
294:Emptiness
274:Suffering
105:Languages
83:Religions
8684:Hinduism
8622:Orthodox
8585:Buddhism
8476:Category
8405:Violence
8375:Hinduism
8323:Sanskrit
8278:Hinayana
8263:Amitābha
8223:Swastika
8092:Uposatha
8082:Holidays
8067:Calendar
7913:Humanism
7751:Kanishka
7741:Timeline
7565:Thailand
7533:Kalmykia
7528:Buryatia
7513:Pakistan
7498:Mongolia
7493:Maldives
7488:Malaysia
7453:Cambodia
7318:Shamarpa
7313:Nichiren
7263:Xuanzang
7198:Nagasena
7116:Rinpoche
6846:Pāramitā
6688:Devotion
6608:Navayana
6596:Dzogchen
6559:Nichiren
6507:Mahayana
6499:Branches
6377:Saṅkhāra
6126:Mañjuśrī
6083:(cousin)
6075:(cousin)
6043:(mother)
6035:(father)
6023:Miracles
5973:Birthday
5890:Glossary
5863:Buddhism
5805:Category
5726:Abkhazia
5676:Thailand
5631:Pakistan
5611:Mongolia
5606:Maldives
5601:Malaysia
5501:Cambodia
4928:June 10,
4898:Archived
4855:Archived
4819:Archived
4806:Archived
4682:See also
4602:Zhejiang
4543:Honganji
4463:Tantrism
4457:, where
4412:Jinghong
4402:are Han.
4135:Sex yoga
3880:Tantrism
3812:Altaic (
3796:Nepalese
3787:Japanese
3711:a series
3709:Part of
3691:Thailand
3546:Nanamoli
3456:U Nārada
3343:Precepts
3249:Doctrine
3069:Thailand
3034:Cambodia
2996:a series
2994:Part of
2901:and the
2883:Lǎmajiào
2792:Timeline
2660:Dosmoche
2596:Rinpoche
2485:Narthang
2444:Dzogchen
2321:Dzogchen
2174:Bodongpa
2077:Milarepa
2039:Ralpacan
1918:a series
1916:Part of
1739:Malaysia
1734:Mongolia
1574:Nichiren
1499:Xuanzang
1424:Āryadeva
1376:Dzogchen
1361:Nichiren
1326:Yogācāra
1114:Maitreya
1094:Mañjuśrī
1064:Amitabha
902:a series
900:Part of
823:Hangzhou
806:Overview
780:Buddhism
772:Buddhism
699:Thailand
659:Mongolia
654:Malaysia
619:Cambodia
584:Navayana
564:Hinayana
559:Mahāyāna
469:Lay life
299:Morality
279:Not-self
237:Concepts
196:Councils
181:Timeline
153:Glossary
135:Buddhism
127:a series
125:Part of
96:(mostly
94:Buddhism
47:Xinjiang
8774:Related
8724:Sikhism
8689:Judaism
8669:Bimoism
8453:Temples
8433:Buddhas
8395:Science
8385:Judaism
8380:Jainism
8298:Lineage
8258:Abhijñā
8228:Thangka
8171:Sarnath
8156:Lumbini
8077:Funeral
8072:Cuisine
7948:Culture
7923:Reality
7873:Creator
7863:Atomism
7733:History
7706:Ukraine
7666:Germany
7585:Senegal
7575:Vietnam
7503:Myanmar
7303:Shinran
7293:Karmapa
7268:Shandao
7238:Dignāga
7163:Śrāvaka
7143:Donchee
7138:Kappiya
7096:Sayadaw
7066:Bhikkhu
7041:Anāgāmi
6998:Nirvana
6964:Samadhi
6851:Paritta
6792:Tonglen
6787:Mandala
6742:Smarana
6723:Mantras
6671:Upekkha
6641:Bhavana
6591:Shingon
6544:Tiantai
6397:Tathātā
6387:Śūnyatā
6382:Skandha
6372:Saṃsāra
6367:Rebirth
6342:Kleshas
6332:Indriya
6234:Subhūti
6119:Guanyin
6073:Ānanda
6065:Rāhula
5945:Nirvana
5885:Outline
5701:Vietnam
5616:Myanmar
5596:Lebanon
5526:Georgia
5481:Bahrain
5471:Armenia
5280:Dui Hua
4996:p. 192.
4668:Taoists
4593:陕西法雷念佛会
4587:福州法雷念佛会
4577:香港法雷念佛会
4472:Dátèluō
4397:⁄
4284:Yab-Yum
4078:Ngöndro
4056:Thangka
4035:Mandala
3906:Pursuit
3874:History
3822:b, t, k
3808:Tibetan
3782:Chinese
3672:Palaung
3660:Myanmar
3601:Dipa Ma
3571:Analayo
3436:Mongkut
3376:Mahinda
3296:Nibbāna
3287:Saṃsāra
3211:Schools
3152:History
3074:Vietnam
3054:Myanmar
2914:Qinghai
2895:Mongols
2891:Tibetan
2804:Culture
2799:Outline
2787:History
2744:Thangka
2700:Tengyur
2695:Kangyur
2675:Losoong
2670:Sho Dun
2591:Karmapa
2551:Tsurphu
2512:Ramoche
2495:Pabonka
2490:Nechung
2478:Namgyal
2468:Labrang
2456:Jokhang
2439:Drepung
2434:Tradruk
2409:Thukdam
2315:Nyingma
2293:Tibetan
2265:Rebirth
2256:Saṃsāra
2244:Skandha
2185:Gelugpa
2168:Gorampa
2145:Dolpopa
2083:Nyingma
1953:Nyingma
1946:Schools
1864:pagodas
1852:Nirvana
1714:Tibetan
1709:Vietnam
1639:Hanshan
1614:Dolpopa
1564:Shinran
1494:Shandao
1489:Huineng
1459:Dignāga
1386:Tzu Chi
1351:Shingon
1331:Tiantai
1048:Buddhas
1030:Dharani
867:Myanmar
709:Vietnam
664:Myanmar
579:Tibetan
569:Chinese
497:Nirvāṇa
314:Saṃsāra
309:Rebirth
174:History
163:Outline
111:Chinese
63:
8580:Taoism
8448:Sutras
8443:Suttas
8308:Siddhi
8293:Koliya
8268:Brahmā
8183:Poetry
8129:Mantra
8119:Kasaya
7991:Pagoda
7971:Kyaung
7966:Vihāra
7961:Temple
7903:Ethics
7746:Ashoka
7696:Sweden
7691:Poland
7686:Norway
7676:Mexico
7661:France
7646:Canada
7641:Brazil
7580:Africa
7560:Taiwan
7523:Russia
7448:Bhutan
7408:Vinaya
7288:Naropa
7278:Saraha
7213:Asanga
6969:Prajñā
6878:Refuge
6841:Nianfo
6802:Tertön
6797:Tantra
6782:Ganana
6772:Tukdam
6698:Dhyāna
6666:Mudita
6661:Karuṇā
6554:Risshū
6549:Huayan
6482:Naraka
6422:Anattā
6417:Dukkha
6412:Anicca
6317:Dharma
6269:Channa
6204:Ānanda
6189:Assaji
6156:Skanda
6059:(wife)
6028:Family
6008:Relics
5933:Sangha
5928:Dharma
5923:Buddha
5746:Taiwan
5681:Turkey
5646:Russia
5581:Kuwait
5561:Jordan
5551:Israel
5511:Cyprus
5496:Brunei
5491:Bhutan
5388:
5361:
5341:p. 83.
5320:
5190:
5153:
5127:
5101:
5044:
5019:
4988:
4963:p. 46.
4955:
4892:
4849:
4610:Yunnan
4582:Fuzhou
4565:Taiwan
4541:Hompa
4459:Mizong
4440:Tangmi
4386:Sêrtar
4316:Samaya
4274:Phurba
4267:Melong
4262:Ghanta
4257:Damaru
4063:Yantra
4042:Mantra
3959:Tukdam
3894:Sahaja
3756:Yunnan
3684:Jingpo
3682:, and
3680:Achang
3656:Yunnan
3353:Vinaya
3260:Anattā
2964:. The
2941:, the
2665:Monlam
2645:Dajyur
2608:Tertön
2507:Ralung
2502:Palcho
2461:Kumbum
2451:Ganden
2344:Lamrim
2275:Dharma
2138:Jonang
2114:Mipham
2067:Niguma
2057:Talika
1978:Jonang
1968:Bodong
1903:Suzhou
1876:relics
1870:, the
1830:Taoism
1729:Bhutan
1694:Taiwan
1634:Hakuin
1604:Atisha
1599:Nāropā
1584:Virūpa
1534:Wohnyo
1514:Saichō
1504:Fazang
1439:Asanga
1341:Huayan
1336:Tendai
832:Taoism
794:, and
694:Taiwan
674:Russia
614:Brazil
609:Bhutan
529:Buddha
449:Wisdom
232:Dharma
43:Urumqi
39:Midong
8765:Tibet
8750:Macau
8629:Islam
8420:Lists
8288:Kalpa
8283:Iddhi
8146:Music
8141:Mudra
8107:Vassa
8087:Vesak
8057:Budai
8003:Candi
7986:Stupa
7918:Logic
7671:Italy
7570:Tibet
7508:Nepal
7478:Korea
7473:Japan
7463:India
7458:China
7403:Sutra
7358:Texts
7308:Dōgen
7298:Hōnen
7283:Atiśa
7248:Zhiyi
7158:Achar
7126:Tulku
7121:Geshe
7106:Rōshi
7091:Ajahn
7046:Arhat
7006:Bodhi
6976:Vīrya
6893:Sacca
6888:Satya
6883:Sādhu
6871:Music
6814:Merit
6807:Terma
6767:Zazen
6703:Faith
6656:Mettā
6337:Karma
6297:Bardo
6264:Asita
6254:Khema
6244:Upāli
6229:Nanda
6067:(son)
6041:Māyā
6018:Films
5895:Index
5787:Macau
5706:Yemen
5666:Syria
5641:Qatar
5621:Nepal
5556:Japan
5531:India
5521:Egypt
5506:China
5262:(PDF)
5251:(PDF)
5099:S2CID
4901:(PDF)
4870:(PDF)
4858:(PDF)
4835:(PDF)
4809:(PDF)
4802:(PDF)
4739:Notes
4676:Islam
4598:Henan
4569:Japan
4485:Hindu
4477:怛特罗密教
4390:Garzê
4279:Vajra
4049:Mudra
3954:Phowa
3676:Blang
3386:Tissa
3275:Jhana
3265:Arhat
3092:Texts
3059:Nepal
3044:India
3039:China
2981:Gelug
2962:Tibet
2954:Gelug
2910:Tibet
2887:lamas
2688:Texts
2655:Losar
2613:Tulku
2603:Geshe
2556:Yerpa
2539:Shalu
2529:Sanga
2524:Sakya
2373:Laity
2287:Karma
2156:Sakya
2127:Marpa
2120:Kagyu
2052:Atiśa
1983:Gelug
1973:Kagyu
1963:Sakya
1958:Kadam
1724:Newar
1719:Nepal
1704:Korea
1699:Japan
1682:China
1644:Taixu
1569:Dōgen
1559:Hōnen
1544:Jinul
1519:Kūkai
1479:Zhiyi
815:Cundī
776:China
704:Tibet
644:Korea
639:Japan
629:India
624:China
589:Newar
514:Arhat
304:Karma
158:Index
8318:Pāḷi
8303:Māra
8213:Flag
7614:Iran
7538:Tuva
7483:Laos
7111:Lama
6959:Śīla
6927:Śīla
6915:Pīti
6905:Sati
6856:Puja
6777:Koan
6683:Dāna
6274:Yasa
6161:Tārā
5626:Oman
5591:Laos
5546:Iraq
5541:Iran
5386:ISBN
5359:ISBN
5318:ISSN
5314:大学紀要
5215:(2).
5188:ISBN
5151:ISBN
5125:ISBN
5042:ISBN
5017:ISBN
4986:ISBN
4953:ISBN
4930:2024
4890:ISSN
4847:ISSN
4843:XIII
4643:创价学会
4497:华藏宗门
4490:The
4451:汉传密宗
4425:阿吒力教
4371:and
4070:Yoga
3451:U Nu
3049:Laos
2899:Yuan
2870:藏传佛教
2861:and
2586:Lama
2534:Sera
2517:Rato
1988:Rimé
1892:Cíjì
1835:汉传佛教
1749:West
1134:Tara
1050:and
871:Laos
869:and
849:and
834:and
649:Laos
554:Pāli
113:and
8674:Bon
8040:Art
7976:Wat
6512:Zen
5758:and
5091:doi
4882:doi
4545:-ha
4510:真佛宗
4474:or
4468:怛特罗
4384:in
2879:喇嘛教
2876:or
2732:Art
1346:Zen
821:in
817:at
8830::
8709:Mo
7542:ru
5292:^
5278:.
5253:.
5231:.
5213:53
5211:.
5174:^
5097:.
5087:27
5085:.
5081:.
5001:^
4968:^
4911:^
4896:.
4888:.
4876:.
4872:.
4853:.
4841:.
4837:.
4777:^
4678:.
4608:,
4604:,
4600:,
4445:唐密
4435:.
4414:,
4399:10
4388:,
3824:,
3820:,
3816:,
3713:on
3678:,
3674:,
2998:on
2931:黄教
2905:.
1920:on
1905:.
1898:慈济
1882:.
904:on
861:,
802:.
790:,
684:US
129:on
60:c.
45:,
41:,
8522:e
8515:t
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7540:(
6758:)
6754:(
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5367:.
5324:.
5235:.
5196:.
5159:.
5105:.
5093::
5050:.
5025:.
4994:.
4961:.
4932:.
4884::
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3814:o
3773:†
3767:†
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