1786:
1411:
1514:
1730:
1798:
862:
1490:
1774:
779:
1548:
1152:
1762:
842:
1594:
1502:
1895:
2149:
1718:
1956:
1563:
1462:
1814:
2232:
2045:
1671:
1395:
1929:
1656:
1880:
1686:
1530:
2161:
2125:
1609:
1478:
1624:
2077:
1975:
1865:
2113:
1750:
1582:
981:
1450:
2176:
2025:
2196:
2006:
1941:
2097:
1833:
1431:
1851:
1702:
2217:
2057:
1914:
1640:
22:
50:
5873:
5884:
1180:
3282:
3269:
1164:
631:
3259:
3209:
1104:āIt is the beginningless round of rebirths that is called the āWheel of the round of rebirthsā (saį¹sÄracakka). Ignorance (avijjÄ) is its hub (or nave) because it is its root. Ageing-and-death (jarÄ-maraį¹a) is its rim (or felly) because it terminates it. The remaining ten links are its spokes .ā
1128:
implications of the whole pillar as a symbol of the universal extension of the power of the Buddhaās Law as typified by the sun that dominates all space and all time, and simultaneously an emblem of the universal extension of
Mauryan imperialism through the Dharma. The whole structure is then a
2231:
2533:
The importance of the conception of Dharma in early brÄhmanic thought is so considerable that it has seemed either that it replaced į¹ta as the leading philosophical and religious conception or that the earlier concept was at some time absorbed into it. It is probably more true that Dharma was
1797:
1785:
1410:
1513:
2534:
conceived as an aspect of į¹ta which became so useful for framing religious, moral and social regulations, that interest in it and discussion of its applications to social and moral order eclipsed all discussions of metaphysical and theological ideas.
938:. This "turning of the wheel" signifies a great and revolutionary change with universal consequences, brought about by an exceptional human being. Buddhism adopted the wheel as a symbol from the Indian mythical idea of the ideal king, called a
1729:
2044:
1894:
1031:. In different Buddhist traditions, the different number of spokes may represent different aspects of the Buddha's Dharma (teaching). In the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist tradition for example, the 8 spoked wheel represents the
1394:
973:). This wisdom has two aspects, paį¹ivedha-ƱÄį¹a, the wisdom of self-realisation of the Truth and desanÄ-ƱÄį¹a, the wisdom of proclamation of the Truth. The dharmachakra symbol also points to the central Indian idea of "
2222:
2278:) as already mentioned, was adopted by Buddha's disciples as the symbol of his doctrine, and combined with other symbolsāa trident placed above it, etc.āstands for him on the sculptures of the Asoka period."
1562:
2124:
1489:
958:
was said to have been a "mahapurisa" (great man) who could have chosen to become a wheel turning king, but instead became the spiritual counterpart to such a king, a wheel turning sage, that is, a
829:, a form of Surya, is described as "the eye of the world", and thus the sun is conceived of as an eye (cakį¹£u) which illuminates and perceives the world. Such a wheel is also the main attribute of
1593:
1204:
Wheel symbolism was also used in Indian temples in places that underwent a religious transformation from
Buddhism, such as Jagannath temple, whose deity is believed by some scholars to have a
1129:
translation of age-old Indian and
Asiatic cosmology into artistic terms of essentially foreign origin and dedicated, like all Asokaās monuments, to the glory of Buddhism and the royal house.ā
2559:
1974:
1773:
2462:
2240:. It contains blue and red colour to represent the heaven and earth respectively, and uses a 16 spoke Dharmachakra to symbolise their tradition and to pay homage to their Indian origin.
1749:
704:. It has a widespread use in Buddhism. In Hinduism, the symbol is particularly used in places that underwent religious transformation. The symbol also finds its usage in modern India.
1547:
3182:
Buddhism for the West: TheravÄda, MahÄyÄna and VajrayÄna; a comprehensive review of
Buddhist history, philosophy, and teachings from the time of the Buddha to the present day
1955:
2024:
1761:
1529:
2148:
1623:
977:", a complex and multivalent term which refers to the eternal cosmic law, universal moral order and in Buddhism, the very teaching and path expounded by the Buddha.
2076:
1813:
1461:
1928:
1717:
1124:āThe SÄrnÄth column may be interpreted, therefore, not only as a glorification of the Buddhaās preaching symbolised by the crowning wheel, but also through the
1501:
2056:
798:
Similar chakra (spoked-wheel) symbols are one of the most ancient in all Indian history. Madhavan and
Parpola note that a wheel symbol appears frequently in
2096:
861:
1430:
4023:
1655:
4938:
3413:
1670:
1449:
2838:
2160:
2175:
2567:
1639:
1050:
In
Buddhism, the cyclical movement of a wheel is also used to symbolize the cyclical nature of life in the world (also referred to as the "wheel of
2392:
1685:
2893:"Rajya Sabha Parliamentary Standing Committee On Home Affairs: 116th Report on The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Bill, 2004"
2005:
1608:
4942:
5166:
2470:
2112:
112:
954:
describes this wheel as having a nave (nÄbhi), a thousand spokes (sahassÄrÄni) and a felly (nemi), all of which are perfect in every respect.
917:(auspicious signs) in Hinduism and Buddhism and often used as a symbol of both faiths. It is one of the oldest known Indian symbols found in
1477:
778:
3383:
2050:
Emblem of the
Supreme Court of India, which shows the dharmachakra on top of the Lion Capital. It was found broken during the excavations.
2195:
1920:
3491:
3226:
1062:). This wheel of suffering can be reversed or "turned" through the practice of the Buddhist path. The Buddhist terms for "suffering" (
3248:
3148:
1661:
2892:
1151:
841:
5758:
5210:
1879:
1701:
5413:
3393:
1864:
3061:
2927:
932:
The Buddha is said to have set the "wheel of dharma" in motion when he delivered his first sermon, which is described in the
3576:
3418:
2498:(1899): "to hold, bear (also: bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo"
1940:
5914:
5753:
3026:
Hinduism. In: Joseph
Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture". Digital printing 2007
5650:
5200:
3295:
2966:
2417:
2368:
661:
107:
64:
1133:
According to
Harrison, the symbolism of "the wheel of the law" and the order of Nature is also visible in the Tibetan
3496:
3191:
3161:
3129:
3109:
3034:
2984:
2519:
5743:
2434:
2350:
969:
explains that this "wheel" which the Buddha turned is primarily to be understood as wisdom, knowledge, and insight (
5428:
5173:
1539:
5820:
5810:
3639:
3045:
Ritual, Authority, And Cycle Time in Hindu
Kingship. In: JF Richards, ed., "Kingship and Authority in South Asia"
3070:
Nath, Vijay (MarchāApril 2001), "From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition",
5765:
5418:
5220:
5111:
5056:
3629:
2849:
2103:
803:
5735:
5433:
5116:
3408:
3241:
1004:, the dharmachakra was often used as a symbol of Gautama Buddha himself. The symbol is often paired with the
590:
285:
3152:
Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
1024:
and royal power, gems and garlands. It is also sometimes depicted alongside animals such as lions, or deer.
5318:
5190:
5161:
4863:
3213:
1913:
1581:
535:
310:
270:
942:("wheel-turner", or "universal monarch"), who was said to possess several mythical objects, including the
5009:
4918:
4388:
4033:
3546:
3441:
2950:
The Horse The Wheel and Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From The Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World
934:
4553:
2216:
5858:
5338:
4814:
4300:
3423:
3256:
2186:
716:
4748:
1850:
5919:
5909:
5748:
5561:
5551:
5423:
4406:
3986:
3747:
3722:
2258:
These symbols, however, are elongated and not circular. Spoked wheel vehicle are virtually absent in
2237:
1886:
1326:
922:
886:
799:
759:
410:
3772:
3150:
The confluence of East and West in Nestorian Arts in China. In: Dietmar W. Winkler, Li Tang (eds.),
1755:
Part of a Buddha-statue, showing the first five disciples of the Buddha at Sarnath and dharmachakra.
220:
5853:
5205:
5019:
4997:
4990:
4893:
4426:
4046:
3862:
3807:
3428:
3234:
2135:
1270:
415:
365:
2726:
A Lamp Illuminating the Path to Liberation: An Explanation of Essential Topics for Dharma Students
1832:
5790:
5770:
5101:
5081:
4838:
4568:
3812:
2167:
1947:
1708:
1692:
1677:
575:
5800:
5640:
5308:
5278:
5051:
5002:
4843:
4791:
4786:
4548:
4369:
4266:
4018:
4013:
3762:
1236:
1172:
1093:
1040:
985:
902:
890:
654:
390:
375:
355:
280:
275:
190:
97:
4130:
2407:
747:'to hold, maintain, keep', and means 'what is established or firm'. The word derives from the
5805:
5775:
5356:
5288:
5121:
5036:
5031:
4955:
4950:
4868:
3398:
3119:
2259:
1740:
1232:
1168:
595:
585:
540:
4421:
2351:"CHAPTER VIII. THE POST SARALA PERIOD - A PERIOD OF EXPERIMENTS: I.The Buddhist Influence -
2206:
5828:
5795:
5780:
5298:
5195:
5141:
5026:
4965:
4933:
4928:
4913:
4898:
4888:
4853:
4766:
4458:
4381:
3684:
3624:
3373:
3340:
3290:
2514:. Editions SR (volume 2). Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 42.
2385:
2131:
1838:
1441:
1032:
898:
605:
565:
560:
525:
370:
250:
158:
143:
87:
59:
5668:
4283:
4152:
4078:
3954:
3692:
3221:
8:
5635:
5514:
5348:
5323:
5313:
5273:
5250:
5133:
5106:
5066:
4985:
4975:
4903:
4830:
4261:
4118:
3899:
3877:
3829:
3649:
3449:
3305:
3285:
2899:
2760:
Art of Osian Temples: Socio-economic and Religious Life in India, 8thā12th Centuries A.D.
2728:
by Khenpo Gyaltsen (translated by Lhasey Lotsawa Translations, Nepal: 2014, pp. 247ā248).
2012:
1904:(a garuda upholding the dhammacakka in front of the mountain and river), Wat Sri Suphan,
988:, from Sarnath. It originally supported a large dharmachakra on the top (reconstitution).
980:
807:
791:
615:
570:
508:
448:
385:
330:
325:
80:
69:
3609:
3536:
1208:. It also finds use in other ancient temples of Odisha, the most famous of which is the
5698:
5603:
5445:
5408:
5403:
5333:
5283:
5230:
5225:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5061:
5046:
5041:
4980:
4960:
4923:
4848:
4653:
4354:
4278:
4156:
4098:
3939:
3839:
3767:
3742:
3388:
3318:
3087:
2324:
1981:
1345:
1086:
1082:
825:
is associated with the solar disc, which is said to be a chariot of one wheel (cakra).
600:
580:
520:
515:
403:
305:
298:
225:
215:
122:
5497:
1205:
5876:
5838:
5534:
5519:
5482:
5467:
5240:
5156:
5071:
4908:
4873:
4858:
4585:
4575:
4256:
4103:
4088:
3959:
3882:
3802:
3737:
3669:
3556:
3313:
3187:
3180:
3157:
3125:
3105:
3057:
3030:
2980:
2962:
2923:
2714:
Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs,
2639:, The Wheel Publication No. 137/138, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy ā¢ Sri Lanka.
2609:
Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs,
2515:
2444:
2413:
2364:
1989:
1901:
1856:
1301:
1259:
1209:
1156:
1109:
1017:
1013:
951:
894:
647:
545:
530:
335:
210:
153:
117:
102:
33:
4820:
3614:
3514:
965:
In his explanation of the term "turning the wheel of Dharma", the Theravada exegete
5524:
5477:
5472:
5328:
5293:
5268:
5263:
5014:
4970:
4883:
4558:
4214:
4207:
3991:
3981:
3867:
3531:
3403:
3079:
2560:"What the absence of chariots in ancient Harappa means for Modi's Clean India plan"
2016:
1554:
1535:
1249:
1224:
1189:
854:
701:
610:
555:
485:
475:
340:
4603:
1070:) may also originally be related to the proper or improper fitting of wheels on a
5888:
5833:
5785:
5713:
5583:
5381:
5361:
5303:
5215:
4878:
4776:
4623:
4359:
4342:
4327:
4305:
3857:
3727:
3561:
3541:
3099:
3024:
3020:
2917:
2509:
2491:
2438:
2358:
2031:
1736:
1333:
1332:
In non-Buddhist cultural contexts, an eight-spoked wheel resembles a traditional
1239:(Sanchi), which includes the dharmachakra. An integral part of the emblem is the
1092:
The spokes of a wheel are also often used as symbols of the Buddhist doctrine of
1036:
635:
550:
350:
260:
205:
4633:
3787:
3777:
1319:
1027:
There are different designs of the Buddhist dharmachakra with 8, 12, 24 or more
200:
5843:
5546:
5396:
5178:
4758:
4738:
4658:
4347:
4337:
4271:
4108:
3594:
3457:
2083:
1997:
1337:
955:
882:
878:
748:
495:
425:
380:
238:
2448:
1198:
1051:
1035:, and the hub, rim and spokes are also said to represent the three trainings (
5903:
5613:
5462:
4771:
4673:
4531:
4332:
4310:
4246:
3917:
3712:
3707:
3599:
3268:
2262:. Therefore interpreting these symbols as spoked wheel is a matter of debate.
2067:
2063:
2035:
1646:
1401:
1312:
1274:
1220:
1216:
1113:
850:
846:
683:
320:
315:
255:
4071:
4061:
3433:
1287:", "Virtue" as well as "motion", as in the "dynamism of a peaceful change".
1185:
460:
265:
5703:
5688:
5658:
5598:
5440:
5235:
4728:
4563:
4441:
4229:
4224:
4051:
3922:
3797:
3258:
1804:
1468:
1134:
993:
939:
914:
866:
833:. Thus, a wheel symbol might also be associated with light and knowledge.
814:
783:
360:
245:
49:
4486:
4471:
4431:
4128:
3792:
3368:
2919:
A Glossary of Important Symbols in Their Hebrew: Pagan and Christian Forms
2879:
1302:
719:
to the present. It remains a major symbol of the Buddhist religion today.
5673:
5502:
4643:
4628:
4411:
4219:
4147:
3927:
3757:
3659:
3506:
3378:
3140:
The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
2139:
1630:
1097:
1021:
966:
430:
5663:
4123:
873:
In Buddhism, the Dharma Chakra is widely used to represent the Buddha's
5618:
5576:
5452:
5258:
5183:
4797:
4781:
4743:
4723:
4618:
4593:
4501:
4436:
4416:
4162:
4093:
3964:
3847:
3817:
3752:
3702:
3360:
3350:
3323:
3091:
2650:
2648:
2646:
1905:
1600:
1520:
1352:
1244:
1078:
1077:. The Indo-Tibetan tradition has developed elaborate depictions called
959:
918:
708:
435:
195:
92:
4638:
3634:
2463:"Dharma And Ethics The Indian Ideal Of Human Perfection 1st Published"
5593:
5566:
4733:
4608:
4320:
4236:
4113:
4003:
3976:
3969:
3932:
3889:
3852:
3619:
3584:
3551:
3526:
3481:
1985:
1179:
1125:
787:
712:
480:
455:
5366:
4202:
4056:
3822:
3604:
3473:
3465:
3083:
2643:
1455:
Eastern gateway of Bharhut stupa topped with a dharmachakra pinnacle
5883:
5723:
5678:
5623:
5588:
5492:
5151:
4718:
4713:
4663:
4598:
4516:
4481:
4476:
4137:
4008:
3996:
3907:
3566:
3263:
2548:
The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives By Jane McIntosh. p. 377
2182:
1871:
1568:
1009:
1005:
728:
679:
490:
470:
465:
345:
41:
21:
4708:
4698:
4683:
4506:
4376:
3644:
1400:
Reconstitution of approximate layout of Sanchi at the time of the
1366:" and found in the eight-spoked form. It is represented as U+2638
1163:
5628:
5571:
5556:
4703:
4693:
4668:
4543:
4538:
4496:
4466:
4398:
4364:
4251:
4192:
4187:
4041:
3944:
3782:
3732:
3519:
3345:
2737:
Sargeant, Winthrop (2009), The Bhagavad Gita, SUNY Press, p. 303.
1791:
Dharma wheel, China, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1736ā1795 CE.
1572:
1437:
1421:
1417:
1359:
1139:
1071:
1044:
997:
767:
707:
Historically, the dharmachakra was often used as a decoration in
170:
4315:
4083:
1112:, such as the lion pillar at Sanchi, built at the behest of the
5708:
5693:
5529:
5391:
5371:
5146:
4808:
4688:
4678:
4613:
4241:
4197:
4182:
4172:
4142:
4066:
3949:
3717:
3589:
3333:
3328:
3208:
2087:
1614:
1363:
1297:
1278:
1228:
1117:
1063:
1001:
974:
926:
874:
830:
733:
697:
630:
185:
180:
175:
138:
1934:
Dhammacakka on Main Gable, Wat Phra Putthabat Tak Pha, Lamphun
5848:
5683:
5541:
5507:
5487:
5457:
5386:
4803:
4648:
4526:
4521:
4491:
4446:
4293:
4288:
4167:
3872:
3697:
3664:
3654:
2508:
Day, Terence (1 January 2006) . "The Concept of Obligation".
1993:
1371:
1340:, which may be misidentified as a dharmachakra or vice versa.
1283:
1264:
1240:
1146:
1108:
The earliest Indian monument featuring dharmachakras are the
1067:
1028:
970:
826:
822:
818:
420:
3002:
GrĆ¼nwedel, Albert; Gibson, Agnes C.; Burgess, James (1901),
1362:
computer standard, the dharmachakra is called the "Wheel of
1137:. The moving wheels symbolize the movement of cosmic order (
5718:
4511:
4177:
3674:
2202:
1961:
Lok Sabha chamber of the New Parliament building, New Delhi
1779:
Mandala Base, China, Ming dynasty, Cleveland Museum of Art.
1074:
906:
806:. Notably, it is present in a sequence of ten signs on the
813:
Some historians associate the ancient chakra symbols with
5376:
3912:
1842:
1311:
Similar wheel symbols were used as a solar symbol by the
3121:
Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist liberation movements in Asia.
2118:
The dhammacakka flag, the symbol of Buddhism in Thailand
1966:
1599:
A sculpture depicting the Dharmachakra in the museum of
1386:
1355:
uses the concept of a similar wheel as a central concept
1322:, a hand sign depicting the turning of the Dharma wheel.
3013:
Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion
2977:
The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature
2740:
2511:
The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature
3001:
2665:
2663:
2654:
2154:
Colours of the National Scout Organization of Thailand
1495:
Adoration of the pillar of Ashoka, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2406:
Misra, Bijoy M. (2007). Bryant, Edwin Francis (ed.).
2386:"History of Odisha (From earliest times to 1434 A.D)"
1819:
Dharmachakra Pravartana at National Museum, New Delhi
1349:
is a similar symbol used by occultists and neo-nazis.
1273:, the first Vice President of India, stated that the
2875:
Kamal Dey v. Union of India and State of West Bengal
2814:
2680:
2678:
2287:
Goetz: "dharmachakra, symbol of the Buddhist faith".
925:
Indian iconography in the time of the Buddhist king
2995:
The art of India: five thousand years of Indian art
2660:
3179:
2582:
1183:Jain illustration with dharmachakra and the motto
836:
3177:
2802:
2778:
2675:
1290:
5901:
2790:
2393:Shri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College
1645:Three Jewels, or Triratna. Eastern Afghanistan.
1633:, 50 BCE ā c. 30 CE, at the latest before 50 CE.
1325:A very similar wheel symbol also appears in the
893:. The symbol is also sometimes connected to the
3118:Queen, Christopher S.; King, Sallie B. (1996),
2878: (Calcutta High Court 2011-07-14),
2312:The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art,
2038:on the base panel representing the Dharmachakra
1436:Illustrated reconstruction of the pinnacles at
1336:. As a nautical emblem, this image is a common
2485:
1723:Mon dharmachakra, VII or IX century, Sandstone
1404:, showing the pillar topped by a dharmachakra.
738:
3242:
2979:, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press,
2544:
2542:
2443:. Bhubaneshwar: Utkal University. p. x.
1803:Box with Ink Cakes: Yellow Ink Stick, China,
1277:of India represents the "wheel of the law of
655:
4024:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
2270:
2268:
2070:at its center representing the Dharmachakra.
1318:Some Buddha statues also depict the related
1171:features the 24 spoke Dharmachakra from the
881:'s teaching and the universal moral order),
3019:
3249:
3235:
2773:Early Indian Symbols: Numismatic Evidence,
2539:
2435:"Sailodbhavas, Bhaumakaras and SomavamÅÄ«s"
1575:, 2nd century, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1147:Buddha Dhamma and its modern Indian usages
921:, appearing with the first surviving post-
758:with the meaning "bearer, supporter". The
662:
648:
3117:
3101:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.āA.D. 700
2349:Mansinha, Mayadhar (10 September 2021) .
2265:
1767:Japanese dharmachakra, late 13th century.
1483:Dharmacakra on Pillar, Sanchi Stupa no. 3
1416:Sandstone depiction, c. 2nd Century BCE,
3010:
2959:The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
2820:
2746:
2412:. Oxford University Press. p. 141.
2348:
2106:with Tibetan Buddhist style Dharmachakra
1824:
1178:
1162:
1150:
979:
860:
840:
777:
715:, beginning with the earliest period of
20:
5211:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
3056:, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers,
3051:
2947:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2762:Abhinav Publications, 1982, chapter 16.
2557:
2015:, featuring a blue dharmachakra as the
1571:Stele illustrating the first sermon at
885:himself and the walking of the path to
5902:
5414:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3137:
2090:featured a version of the Dharmachakra
3230:
3054:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
3042:
2992:
2808:
2784:
2712:Issitt, Micah. Main, Carlyn. (2014).
2695:
2693:
2669:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2607:Issitt, Micah. Main, Carlyn. (2014).
2405:
2384:Nayak, Dr. Ganeswar (11 March 2014).
2383:
1967:National flags and official symbolism
1387:Historical and archeological examples
1193:(non-violence is the highest dharma).
1096:. According to the Theravada scholar
845:Dharmachakra in front of a statue of
3222:Buddhist Wheel Symbol (Dharmachakra)
3069:
3047:, New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2956:
2915:
2826:
2796:
2655:GrĆ¼nwedel, Gibson & Burgess 1901
2595:
2432:
2306:
2304:
1617:coin with wheel and Buddhist symbols
1519:Limestone Pilaster, 2nd century CE,
1197:The dharmachakra is a symbol in the
773:
3146:
3097:
2974:
2684:
2507:
1467:Buddha represented by Dharmacakra,
1329:, hinting to their nomadic history.
802:artifacts, particularly on several
13:
5201:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3171:
3104:, University of California Press,
2690:
2614:
2558:Shahane, Girish (8 October 2014).
2310:John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel,
1678:National Museum, Bangkok, Thailand
1300:is a wheel like weapon called the
113:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
108:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
5931:
3201:
2301:
1155:Wheel of the chariot of the sun,
1120:. According to Benjamin Rowland:
5882:
5872:
5871:
5429:Thai temple art and architecture
5174:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3414:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3280:
3267:
3257:
3207:
2775:Agam Kala Prakashan, 1990 p. 51.
2363:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
2230:
2215:
2194:
2174:
2159:
2147:
2142:with a twelve-spoked dhammacakka
2123:
2111:
2095:
2075:
2055:
2043:
2023:
2004:
1973:
1954:
1939:
1927:
1912:
1893:
1878:
1863:
1849:
1831:
1812:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1728:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1669:
1654:
1638:
1622:
1607:
1592:
1580:
1561:
1546:
1540:Archaeological Museum, Amaravati
1528:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1460:
1448:
1429:
1409:
1393:
1081:which depict the many realms of
743:) is a derivation from the root
629:
48:
3281:
2961:, Serindia Publications, Inc.,
2909:
2885:
2867:
2765:
2752:
2731:
2719:
2706:
2601:
2551:
2281:
2252:
905:The pre-Buddhist dharmachakra (
837:Buddhist usage and significance
5419:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5221:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4301:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3492:Places where the Buddha stayed
3011:Harrison, Jane Ellen (2010) ,
2501:
2455:
2426:
2399:
2377:
2342:
2317:
2104:Central Tibetan Administration
1507:Illustration from Sanchi Stupa
1291:Other uses and similar symbols
1:
5434:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2294:
1984:includes the dharmachakra, a
1662:Dharmachakra Pravartana Mudra
1263:, the concluding part of the
865:Worshipers and Dharmachakra,
5191:Buddhism and the Roman world
5167:Decline of Buddhism in India
5162:History of Buddhism in India
3262: Topics in
3142:, Cambridge University Press
3015:, Cambridge University Press
2952:, Princeton University Press
2701:The Footprint of the Buddha,
2134:in Thailand consisting of a
1257:). This is a quote from the
722:
311:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
4389:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4129:
2360:History of Oriya Literature
2274:GrĆ¼nwedel e.a.:"The wheel (
1303:
1201:religion of Budhha Dhamma.
935:Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
913:) is considered one of the
16:Symbol in Dharmic religions
10:
5936:
5915:Tibetan Buddhist practices
5339:The unanswerable questions
3178:Dorothy C. Donath (1971).
3098:Pal, Pratapaditya (1986),
2948:Anthony, David W. (2007),
2940:
2916:Hall, Adelaide S. (2005).
2635:T. B. Karunaratne (1969),
2433:Sahu, Nabin Kumar (1958).
2187:United States Armed Forces
2181:The insignia for Buddhist
1381:
1058:or the "wheel of becoming"
1012:(trident) symbolizing the
869:, South Face, West Pillar.
786:from the northern gate of
5867:
5819:
5734:
5649:
5424:Buddhist temples in Korea
5347:
5249:
5132:
4829:
4757:
4584:
4457:
4397:
4032:
3987:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3898:
3890:Three planes of existence
3838:
3683:
3575:
3505:
3497:Buddha in world religions
3359:
3304:
3276:
3138:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
2637:The Buddhist Wheel Symbol
2238:Flag of the Romani People
1870:Wat Phothivihan, Tumpat,
1523:, Indian Museum, Kolkata.
1327:flag of the Romani people
1254:
1219:is present in the modern
923:Indus Valley Civilisation
800:Indus Valley civilization
760:historical Vedic religion
739:
687:
5206:Persecution of Buddhists
4427:Four stages of awakening
3808:Three marks of existence
3394:Physical characteristics
2975:Day, Terence P. (1982),
2839:"The national flag code"
2245:
2166:Flag used by the Indian
2088:former Kingdom of Sikkim
1693:National Museum, Bangkok
1281:", as well as "Truth or
1271:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
762:apparently conceived of
4569:Ten principal disciples
3452:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2993:Goetz, Hermann (1964),
2771:Sharma, Savita (1990).
2699:Ludowyk, E.F.C. (2013)
2210:represents dharmachakra
2168:Dalit Buddhist Movement
1948:Global Vipassana Pagoda
1709:Si Thep Historical Park
1664:, Gupta period, 5th CE.
996:at early sites such as
946:(the ideal wheel). The
331:Philosophical reasoning
5279:Buddhism and democracy
4792:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4787:Chinese Buddhist canon
4019:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4014:Early Buddhist schools
3156:, LIT Verlag MĆ¼nster,
3147:Yan, Xiaojing (2009),
3052:Mallory, J.P. (1997),
3043:Inden, Ronald (1998),
2922:. Cosimo. p. 56.
2353:The Metaphysical Poets
1296:The main attribute of
1237:Lion Capital of Ashoka
1235:is a depiction of the
1194:
1176:
1173:Lion Capital of Ashoka
1160:
1131:
1106:
989:
986:Lion Capital of Ashoka
903:Dependent Origination.
870:
858:
795:
98:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
26:
25:Wheel of Dharma symbol
5289:Eight Consciousnesses
3399:Life of Buddha in art
3004:Buddhist art in India
2957:Beer, Robert (2003),
2496:A Sanskrit Dictionary
2409:Krishna: A Sourcebook
2260:Harappan civilisation
1825:Contemporary examples
1741:Tokyo National Museum
1739:, 1200s CE, bronze ā
1735:Dharma wheel, Japan,
1553:1st century Gandhara
1233:State Emblem of India
1182:
1169:State Emblem of India
1166:
1154:
1122:
1102:
1094:dependent origination
983:
864:
844:
781:
366:Aids to Enlightenment
191:Dependent Origination
24:
5766:East Asian religions
5196:Buddhism in the West
4767:Early Buddhist texts
4382:Four Right Exertions
3848:Ten spiritual realms
3341:Noble Eightfold Path
3216:at Wikimedia Commons
2132:Thammasat University
1538:with dharmachakras,
1442:Alexander Cunningham
1255:Truth Alone Triumphs
1033:noble eightfold path
948:MahÄ Sudassana Sutta
899:Noble Eightfold Path
889:, since the time of
336:Devotional practices
159:Noble Eightfold Path
5889:Religion portal
5636:Temple of the Tooth
5515:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4554:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
4047:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
3830:Two truths doctrine
3650:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3450:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2855:on 15 December 2017
2329:Ancient-symbols.com
2013:Emblem of Sri Lanka
1587:Stele from Gandhara
1223:, representing the
1217:Ashoka dharmachakra
808:Dholavira Signboard
792:Dholavira Signboard
636:Buddhism portal
509:Buddhism by country
271:Sanskrit literature
5811:Western philosophy
5409:Dzong architecture
5231:Vipassana movement
5226:Buddhist modernism
4654:Emperor Wen of Sui
4422:PratyekabuddhayÄna
4355:Threefold Training
4157:Vipassana movement
3873:Hungry Ghost realm
3693:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
3640:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
3389:Great Renunciation
3384:Eight Great Events
3266:
3006:, Bernard Quaritch
2570:on 10 October 2014
2473:on 29 October 2021
2440:Buddhism in Orissa
2391:. Paralakhemundi:
2325:"Buddhist Symbols"
2225:headstone emblem 2
1982:Emblem of Mongolia
1420:, Indian Museum ā
1320:Dharmachakra MudrÄ
1195:
1177:
1161:
1087:Buddhist cosmology
1008:(triple jewel) or
990:
956:Siddhartha Gautama
871:
859:
796:
717:East Asian culture
123:Buddhist modernism
27:
5897:
5896:
5535:Om mani padme hum
5241:Women in Buddhism
5157:Buddhist councils
5027:Western countries
4815:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
4576:Shaolin Monastery
4153:Samatha-vipassanÄ
3763:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
3567:Metteyya/Maitreya
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3314:Four Noble Truths
3212:Media related to
3063:978-1-884964-98-5
2929:978-1-59605-593-3
2846:Mahapolice.gov.in
2716:ABC-CLIO, p. 186.
2703:Routledge, p. 22.
2611:ABC-CLIO, p. 185.
1902:Chai Nat Province
1857:Jokhang Monastery
1536:Buddha footprints
1313:Ancient Egyptians
1260:Mundaka Upanishad
1210:Konark Sun Temple
1157:Konark Sun Temple
1066:) and happiness (
895:Four Noble Truths
774:History and usage
672:
671:
154:Four Noble Truths
5927:
5920:Culture of India
5910:Buddhist symbols
5887:
5886:
5875:
5874:
5714:Sacred languages
5562:Maya Devi Temple
5525:Mahabodhi Temple
5329:Secular Buddhism
5294:Engaged Buddhism
4134:
3982:Tibetan Buddhism
3933:Vietnamese Thiį»n
3532:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3211:
3197:
3186:. Julian Press.
3185:
3166:
3143:
3134:
3114:
3094:
3072:Social Scientist
3066:
3048:
3039:
3021:Hiltebeitel, Alf
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2971:
2953:
2934:
2933:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2905:on 8 March 2013.
2904:
2898:. Archived from
2897:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2848:. Archived from
2843:
2835:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2673:
2667:
2658:
2652:
2641:
2633:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2566:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2469:. Archived from
2459:
2453:
2452:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2256:
2234:
2219:
2207:Symbol of Ahimsa
2198:
2178:
2163:
2151:
2127:
2115:
2099:
2079:
2059:
2047:
2034:, featuring the
2027:
2008:
1977:
1958:
1946:Entrance to the
1943:
1931:
1919:Dharmachakra at
1916:
1897:
1882:
1867:
1853:
1835:
1816:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1732:
1720:
1707:Khao Klang Nai,
1704:
1688:
1673:
1658:
1642:
1626:
1611:
1596:
1584:
1565:
1555:Buddha footprint
1550:
1532:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1464:
1452:
1433:
1413:
1397:
1306:
1256:
1250:Satyameva Jayate
855:Himachal Pradesh
784:Indus characters
766:as an aspect of
742:
741:
702:Indian religions
691:
664:
657:
650:
634:
633:
361:Sublime abidings
52:
29:
28:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5881:
5863:
5815:
5730:
5645:
5382:Ordination hall
5343:
5245:
5216:Buddhist crisis
5128:
4825:
4777:Mahayana sutras
4753:
4749:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
4580:
4453:
4393:
4343:Bodhisattva vow
4028:
3894:
3834:
3793:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
3728:Five hindrances
3679:
3571:
3501:
3355:
3300:
3272:
3255:
3204:
3194:
3174:
3172:Further reading
3169:
3164:
3132:
3112:
3084:10.2307/3518337
3064:
3037:
2987:
2969:
2943:
2938:
2937:
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2910:
2902:
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2795:
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2783:
2779:
2770:
2766:
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2724:
2720:
2711:
2707:
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2676:
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2594:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2540:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2506:
2502:
2492:Monier Williams
2490:
2486:
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2474:
2461:
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2456:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2388:
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2318:
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2297:
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2273:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2199:
2190:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2152:
2143:
2128:
2119:
2116:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2080:
2071:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2039:
2032:Emblem of India
2028:
2019:
2009:
2000:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1898:
1889:
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1845:
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1817:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1744:
1737:Kamakura period
1733:
1724:
1721:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1665:
1659:
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1444:
1434:
1425:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1369:
1293:
1206:Buddhist origin
1149:
1110:Ashokan Pillars
839:
815:solar symbolism
776:
725:
694:wheel of dharma
668:
628:
621:
620:
511:
501:
500:
451:
441:
440:
406:
396:
395:
301:
291:
290:
261:Mahayana Sutras
241:
231:
230:
171:Five Aggregates
149:
148:
128:
127:
118:Later Buddhists
83:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5879:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5746:
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5596:
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5527:
5522:
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5512:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5446:Greco-Buddhist
5438:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5397:Burmese pagoda
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5353:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5179:Greco-Buddhism
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:United Kingdom
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Czech Republic
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4821:Abhidharmadīpa
4818:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:B. R. Ambedkar
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4659:Songtsen Gampo
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4556:
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4536:
4535:
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4524:
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4509:
4504:
4499:
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4479:
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4455:
4454:
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4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4338:Eight precepts
4335:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4109:Five Strengths
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Mental factors
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:MahamoggallÄna
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3515:AvalokiteÅvara
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3426:
3421:
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3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
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3376:
3371:
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3357:
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3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3203:
3202:External links
3200:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3144:
3135:
3130:
3124:, SUNY Press,
3115:
3110:
3095:
3078:(3/4): 19ā50,
3067:
3062:
3049:
3040:
3035:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2985:
2972:
2968:978-1932476033
2967:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2908:
2884:
2866:
2825:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2764:
2751:
2749:, p. 526.
2739:
2730:
2718:
2705:
2689:
2674:
2659:
2642:
2613:
2600:
2581:
2550:
2538:
2520:
2500:
2484:
2467:priscilla.work
2454:
2425:
2419:978-0195148923
2418:
2398:
2395:. p. 107.
2376:
2370:978-1015025486
2369:
2341:
2316:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2280:
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2250:
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2200:
2193:
2191:
2180:
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2129:
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2120:
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2108:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1998:Soyombo symbol
1979:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1877:
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1690:
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1675:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1649:. 2ā3 century.
1644:
1637:
1635:
1629:Coin found in
1628:
1621:
1619:
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1598:
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1350:
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1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1304:SudarÅanacakra
1292:
1289:
1148:
1145:
1056:samsara-chakra
1020:), symbols of
891:Early Buddhism
883:Gautama Buddha
838:
835:
775:
772:
749:Vedic Sanskrit
724:
721:
670:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
623:
622:
619:
618:
613:
608:
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588:
583:
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573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
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533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
507:
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488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
452:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
426:Pratyekabuddha
423:
418:
413:
407:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
388:
383:
381:Buddhist chant
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
242:
239:Buddhist texts
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
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168:
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156:
150:
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135:
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100:
95:
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84:
79:
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75:
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73:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
45:
44:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5932:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5878:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
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5751:
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5733:
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5722:
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5716:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5651:Miscellaneous
5648:
5642:
5641:Vegetarianism
5639:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
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5540:
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5523:
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5513:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Buddha in art
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
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5202:
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5175:
5172:
5168:
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5163:
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5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:United States
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
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5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
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4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:Padmasambhava
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4586:Major figures
4583:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4532:Western tulku
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4445:
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4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Five precepts
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:Dhamma vicaya
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
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3713:Dhamma theory
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3708:Buddha-nature
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2686:
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2671:
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2657:, p. 67.
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2068:Ashoka Chakra
2065:
2064:Flag of India
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2036:Ashoka Chakra
2033:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2007:
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1995:
1991:
1987:
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1971:
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1957:
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1887:Wat Phra Sing
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1687:
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1676:Dhammacakka,
1672:
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1647:Kushan period
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887:enlightenment
884:
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391:Vegetarianism
389:
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354:
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346:Recollections
344:
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334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:Five precepts
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
295:
294:
287:
284:
282:
281:Chinese canon
279:
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276:Tibetan canon
274:
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269:
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5609:Dharmachakra
5608:
5599:Prayer wheel
5589:Prayer beads
5357:Architecture
5236:969 Movement
5020:Saudi Arabia
4998:Central Asia
4991:South Africa
4813:
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4729:Panchen Lama
4634:BuddhapÄlita
4230:Satipatthana
4225:Mindful Yoga
4138:Recollection
4052:Brahmavihara
3923:Japanese Zen
3918:Chinese Chan
3878:Animal realm
3685:Key concepts
3507:Bodhisattvas
3319:Three Jewels
3181:
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2758:Asha Kalia,
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2466:
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2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2328:
2319:
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2276:dharmachakra
2275:
2254:
2205:
2136:Constitution
2130:The seal of
1885:Entrance to
1839:Shanti Stupa
1807:(1644ā1912).
1805:Qing dynasty
1469:Sanchi Stupa
1377:
1344:
1334:ship's wheel
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1126:cosmological
1123:
1107:
1103:
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1059:
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1026:
994:Buddhist Art
991:
964:
952:Digha Nikaya
947:
944:ratana cakka
943:
940:chakravartin
933:
931:
915:ashtamangala
910:
872:
867:Sanchi Stupa
812:
797:
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755:
751:
744:
732:
726:
713:inscriptions
711:statues and
706:
700:used in the
693:
688:
682:: ą¤§ą¤°ą„ą¤®ą¤ą¤ą„ą¤°,
676:dharmachakra
675:
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341:Merit making
306:Three Jewels
246:Buddhavacana
176:Impermanence
164:Dharma wheel
163:
18:
5674:Dharma talk
5503:Asalha Puja
5299:Eschatology
5102:Switzerland
5082:New Zealand
5010:Middle East
4919:Philippines
4839:Afghanistan
4644:Bodhidharma
4629:Buddhaghosa
4549:Householder
4459:Monasticism
4412:Bodhisattva
4267:Prostration
4220:Mindfulness
4148:Anapanasati
4131:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
3928:Korean Seon
3868:Asura realm
3863:Human realm
3803:Ten Fetters
3758:Parinirvana
3660:Uppalavanna
3625:MahÄkaccana
3610:MahÄkassapa
3542:Kį¹£itigarbha
3537:ÄkÄÅagarbha
3434:SuddhodÄna
3379:Four sights
3306:Foundations
3214:Dharmacakra
1711:, Thailand.
1631:Afghanistan
1227:concept of
1098:Buddhaghosa
1079:Bhavacakras
1022:sovereignty
967:Buddhaghosa
911:dhammacakka
689:dhammacakka
576:New Zealand
431:Bodhisattva
416:Four Stages
371:Monasticism
351:Mindfulness
321:Perfections
251:Early Texts
5904:Categories
5791:Psychology
5771:Gnosticism
5759:Comparison
5754:Influences
5736:Comparison
5619:Bhavacakra
5577:Kushinagar
5552:Pilgrimage
5498:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
5453:Bodhi Tree
5269:Buddhology
5259:Abhidharma
5251:Philosophy
5184:Menander I
5052:Costa Rica
5003:Uzbekistan
4844:Bangladesh
4798:Dhammapada
4782:Pali Canon
4744:Ajahn Chah
4724:Dalai Lama
4624:KumÄrajÄ«va
4619:Vasubandhu
4594:The Buddha
4502:Zen master
4437:Sakadagami
4417:Buddhahood
4348:Pratimokį¹£a
4163:Shikantaza
4119:Meditation
4094:Deity yoga
3965:Madhyamaka
3858:Deva realm
3753:Mindstream
3703:Bodhicitta
3615:Aį¹
gulimÄla
3482:Devadatta
3458:YaÅodharÄ
3361:The Buddha
3351:Middle Way
2809:Nayak 2014
2785:Misra 2007
2670:Goetz 1964
2574:16 January
2477:29 October
2449:1391872675
2295:References
2102:Emblem of
1906:Chiang Mai
1695:, Thailand
1601:Amaravathi
1521:Amaravathi
1353:Falun Gong
1253:(English:
1245:Devanagari
1225:pan-Indian
1014:triple gem
919:Indian art
821:, the god
709:East Asian
449:Traditions
386:Pilgrimage
326:Meditation
286:Post-canon
266:PÄli Canon
196:Middle Way
93:The Buddha
5859:Festivals
5839:Buddhists
5801:Theosophy
5604:Symbolism
5594:Hama yumi
5567:Bodh Gaya
5334:Socialism
5309:Evolution
5284:Economics
5122:Venezuela
5037:Australia
5032:Argentina
4956:Sri Lanka
4951:Singapore
4869:Indonesia
4831:Countries
4772:Tripiį¹aka
4734:Ajahn Mun
4609:Nagarjuna
4604:AÅvaghoį¹£a
4487:AnagÄrika
4482:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
4477:ÅrÄmaį¹era
4472:Bhikkhunī
4432:SotÄpanna
4321:Passaddhi
4262:Offerings
4237:Nekkhamma
4114:Iddhipada
4034:Practices
4004:Theravada
3977:Vajrayana
3970:Yogachara
3940:Pure Land
3853:Six Paths
3840:Cosmology
3620:Anuruddha
3595:SÄriputta
3585:Kaundinya
3577:Disciples
3552:VajrapÄį¹i
3404:Footprint
3369:TathÄgata
2797:Sahu 1958
2596:Beer 2003
2564:Scroll.in
2201:Wheel in
2183:chaplains
1986:cintamani
1921:Boudanath
1569:Gandharan
1346:sonnenrad
1072:chariot's
817:. In the
788:Dholavira
723:Etymology
596:Sri Lanka
586:Singapore
541:Indonesia
481:VajrayÄna
456:TheravÄda
411:Awakening
299:Practices
256:Tripiį¹aka
226:Cosmology
201:Emptiness
181:Suffering
5877:Category
5806:Violence
5776:Hinduism
5724:Sanskrit
5679:Hinayana
5664:AmitÄbha
5624:Swastika
5493:Uposatha
5483:Holidays
5468:Calendar
5314:Humanism
5152:Kanishka
5142:Timeline
4966:Thailand
4934:Kalmykia
4929:Buryatia
4914:Pakistan
4899:Mongolia
4894:Maldives
4889:Malaysia
4854:Cambodia
4719:Shamarpa
4714:Nichiren
4664:Xuanzang
4599:Nagasena
4517:Rinpoche
4247:PÄramitÄ
4089:Devotion
4009:Navayana
3997:Dzogchen
3960:Nichiren
3908:Mahayana
3900:Branches
3778:Saį¹
khÄra
3527:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
3484:(cousin)
3476:(cousin)
3444:(mother)
3436:(father)
3424:Miracles
3374:Birthday
3291:Glossary
3264:Buddhism
3023:(2007),
2685:Pal 1986
2066:has the
1996:and the
1900:Seal of
1872:Kelantan
1247:script:
1116:emperor
1010:trishula
1006:triratna
756:dharman-
729:Sanskrit
680:Sanskrit
606:Thailand
566:Mongolia
561:Malaysia
526:Cambodia
491:Navayana
471:Hinayana
466:MahÄyÄna
376:Lay life
206:Morality
186:Not-self
144:Concepts
103:Councils
88:Timeline
60:Glossary
42:Buddhism
34:a series
32:Part of
5854:Temples
5834:Buddhas
5796:Science
5786:Judaism
5781:Jainism
5699:Lineage
5659:AbhijƱÄ
5629:Thangka
5572:Sarnath
5557:Lumbini
5478:Funeral
5473:Cuisine
5349:Culture
5324:Reality
5274:Creator
5264:Atomism
5134:History
5107:Ukraine
5067:Germany
4986:Senegal
4976:Vietnam
4904:Myanmar
4704:Shinran
4694:Karmapa
4669:Shandao
4639:DignÄga
4564:ÅrÄvaka
4544:Donchee
4539:Kappiya
4497:Sayadaw
4467:Bhikkhu
4442:AnÄgÄmi
4399:Nirvana
4365:Samadhi
4252:Paritta
4193:Tonglen
4188:Mandala
4143:Smarana
4124:Mantras
4072:Upekkha
4042:Bhavana
3992:Shingon
3945:Tiantai
3798:TathÄtÄ
3788:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
3783:Skandha
3773:Saį¹sÄra
3768:Rebirth
3743:Kleshas
3733:Indriya
3635:Subhūti
3520:Guanyin
3474:Änanda
3466:RÄhula
3346:Nirvana
3286:Outline
3092:3518337
2997:, Crown
2941:Sources
2859:22 June
2527:5 March
2334:22 June
2314:p. 524.
2185:in the
2086:of the
1992:, blue
1573:Sarnath
1438:Bharhut
1422:Kolkata
1418:Bharhut
1402:Mauryas
1382:Gallery
1360:Unicode
1358:In the
1199:sramana
1188:Paramo
1114:Mauryan
1083:rebirth
1052:samsara
1045:samadhi
998:Bharhut
992:In the
950:of the
857:, India
616:Vietnam
571:Myanmar
486:Tibetan
476:Chinese
404:NirvÄį¹a
221:Saį¹sÄra
216:Rebirth
81:History
70:Outline
5849:Sutras
5844:Suttas
5709:Siddhi
5694:Koliya
5669:BrahmÄ
5584:Poetry
5530:Mantra
5520:Kasaya
5392:Pagoda
5372:Kyaung
5367:VihÄra
5362:Temple
5304:Ethics
5147:Ashoka
5097:Sweden
5092:Poland
5087:Norway
5077:Mexico
5062:France
5047:Canada
5042:Brazil
4981:Africa
4961:Taiwan
4924:Russia
4849:Bhutan
4809:Vinaya
4689:Naropa
4679:Saraha
4614:Asanga
4370:PrajƱÄ
4279:Refuge
4242:Nianfo
4203:Tertƶn
4198:Tantra
4183:Ganana
4173:Tukdam
4099:DhyÄna
4067:Mudita
4062:Karuį¹Ä
3955:Risshū
3950:Huayan
3883:Naraka
3823:AnattÄ
3818:Dukkha
3813:Anicca
3718:Dharma
3670:Channa
3605:Änanda
3590:Assaji
3557:Skanda
3460:(wife)
3429:Family
3409:Relics
3334:Sangha
3329:Dharma
3324:Buddha
3190:
3160:
3128:
3108:
3090:
3060:
3033:
2983:
2965:
2926:
2518:
2447:
2416:
2367:
1615:Taxila
1471:no. 3.
1364:Dharma
1298:Vishnu
1279:dharma
1229:Dharma
1190:Dharma
1186:Ahiį¹sÄ
1118:Ashoka
1064:dukkha
1041:prajƱa
1029:spokes
1018:chatra
1002:Sanchi
975:Dharma
960:Buddha
927:Ashoka
897:, the
879:Buddha
875:Dharma
831:Vishnu
764:dharma
754:-stem
734:dharma
698:symbol
601:Taiwan
581:Russia
521:Brazil
516:Bhutan
436:Buddha
356:Wisdom
139:Dharma
5821:Lists
5689:Kalpa
5684:Iddhi
5547:Music
5542:Mudra
5508:Vassa
5488:Vesak
5458:Budai
5404:Candi
5387:Stupa
5319:Logic
5072:Italy
4971:Tibet
4909:Nepal
4879:Korea
4874:Japan
4864:India
4859:China
4804:Sutra
4759:Texts
4709:DÅgen
4699:HÅnen
4684:AtiÅa
4649:Zhiyi
4559:Achar
4527:Tulku
4522:Geshe
4507:RÅshi
4492:Ajahn
4447:Arhat
4407:Bodhi
4377:VÄ«rya
4294:Sacca
4289:Satya
4284:SÄdhu
4272:Music
4215:Merit
4208:Terma
4168:Zazen
4104:Faith
4057:MettÄ
3738:Karma
3698:Bardo
3665:Asita
3655:Khema
3645:UpÄli
3630:Nanda
3468:(son)
3442:MÄyÄ
3419:Films
3296:Index
3088:JSTOR
2903:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2853:(PDF)
2842:(PDF)
2389:(PDF)
2246:Notes
2017:crest
1994:khata
1990:padma
1374:: āøļø.
1372:emoji
1370:. As
1284:satya
1265:Vedas
1241:motto
1068:sukha
827:Mitra
823:Surya
819:Vedas
804:seals
731:noun
696:is a
692:) or
611:Tibet
551:Korea
546:Japan
536:India
531:China
496:Newar
421:Arhat
211:Karma
65:Index
5719:PÄįø·i
5704:MÄra
5614:Flag
5015:Iran
4939:Tuva
4884:Laos
4512:Lama
4360:ÅÄ«la
4328:ÅÄ«la
4316:PÄ«ti
4306:Sati
4257:Puja
4178:Koan
4084:DÄna
3675:Yasa
3562:TÄrÄ
3188:ISBN
3158:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3106:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3031:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2963:ISBN
2924:ISBN
2880:Text
2861:2018
2576:2024
2529:2024
2516:ISBN
2479:2021
2445:OCLC
2414:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2336:2018
2223:USVA
2203:Jain
2140:phan
2084:flag
2082:The
2062:The
2030:The
2011:The
1988:, a
1980:The
1343:The
1167:The
1075:axle
1043:and
1037:sila
1000:and
971:ƱÄį¹a
907:Pali
901:and
782:Ten
740:ą¤§ą¤°ą„ą¤®
727:The
684:Pali
674:The
556:Laos
461:PÄli
5441:Art
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1440:by
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1140:į¹ta
1085:in
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