Dharma - Knowledge

8294:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 92–93; Quote – "In Indian literature, especially in Mahabharata over and over again is heard the energetic cry – Each is alone. None belongs to anyone else, we are all but strangers to strangers; (...), none knows the other, the self belongs only to self. Man is born alone, alone he lives, alone he dies, alone he tastes the fruit of his deeds and his ways, it is only his work that bears him company. (...) Our body and spiritual organism is ever changing; what belongs, then, to us? (...) Thus, too, there is really no teacher or leader for anyone, each is his own Guru, and must go along the road to happiness alone. Only the self is the friend of man, only the self is the foe of man; from others nothing comes to him. Therefore, what must be done is to honor, to assert one's self..."; Quote – "(in parts of the epic), the most thoroughgoing egoism and individualism is stressed..." 86: 100: 8391: 8455: 180: 60: 7839:. There is thus no evidence that IIr. *dharman was a significant culture word during the Indo-Iranian period." (p. 449) "The origin of the concept of dharman rests in its formation. It is a Vedic, rather than an Indo-Iranian word, and a more recent coinage than many other key religious terms of the Vedic tradition. Its meaning derives directly from dhr 'support, uphold, give foundation to' and therefore 'foundation' is a reasonable gloss in most of its attestations." (p. 485). 4458:, according to Van Buitenen, is that which all existing beings must accept and respect to sustain harmony and order in the world. It is neither the act nor the result, but the natural laws that guide the act and create the result to prevent chaos in the world. It is innate characteristic, that makes the being what it is. It is, claims Van Buitenen, the pursuit and execution of one's nature and true calling, thus playing one's role in cosmic concert. In Hinduism, it is the 8318:, pp. 44–45; Quote – "(...)In the Epic, free will has the upper hand. Only when a man's effort is frustrated or when he is overcome with grief does he become a predestinarian (believer in destiny)."; Quote – "This association of success with the doctrine of free will or human effort (purusakara) was felt so clearly that among the ways of bringing about a king's downfall is given the following simple advice: 'Belittle free will to him, and emphasise destiny. 5145: 6003: 968:, but also spiritual maturity, a reverential attitude toward life, and includes the right conduct toward one's parents, siblings and children, the right conduct between husband and wife, and the conduct between biologically unrelated people. This rock inscription, concludes Paul Hacker, suggests dharma in India, about 2300 years ago, was a central concept and meant not only religious ideas, but ideas of right, of good, of one's duty toward the human community. 6542: 74: 344: 115: 5726: 6792: 904: 6931: 4393: 44: 663:, such as that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, law, practice, custom, duty, right, justice, virtue, morality, ethics, religion, religious merit, good works, nature, character, quality, property. Yet, each of these definitions is incomplete, while the combination of these translations does not convey the total sense of the word. In common parlance, 1075: 4838:

accepting gifts from others. The five yama apply in action, speech and mind. In explaining yama, Patanjali clarifies that certain professions and situations may require qualification in conduct. For example, a fisherman must injure a fish, but he must attempt to do this with least trauma to fish and the fisherman must try to injure no other creature as he fishes.

5012:, the life of giving away all property, becoming a recluse and devotion to moksa, spiritual matters. Patrick Olivelle suggests that "ashramas represented life choices rather than sequential steps in the life of a single individual" and the vanaprastha stage was added before renunciation over time, thus forming life stages. 5070:

reaches a full circle. A land with less moral and lawful life suffers distress, and as distress rises it causes more immoral and unlawful life, which further increases distress. Those in power must follow the raja dharma (that is, dharma of rulers), because this enables the society and the individual

4837:

The five yamas, according to Patanjali, are: abstain from injury to all living creatures, abstain from falsehood (satya), abstain from unauthorised appropriation of things-of-value from another (acastrapurvaka), abstain from coveting or sexually cheating on your partner, and abstain from expecting or

4481:

means for a Hindu to "expand the mind". Furthermore, it represents the direct connection between the individual and the societal phenomena that bind the society together. In the way societal phenomena affect the conscience of the individual, similarly may the actions of an individual alter the course

4964:

does not require any varnas. In practice, medieval India is widely believed to be a socially stratified society, with each social strata inheriting a profession and being endogamous. Varna was not absolute in Hindu dharma; individuals had the right to renounce and leave their Varna, as well as their

5102:

related literature (sutras, shastras); four of the sutras survive and these are now referred to as Dharmasutras. Along with laws of Manu in Dharmasutras, exist parallel and different compendium of laws, such as the laws of Narada and other ancient scholars. These different and conflicting law books

5089:

as duty or propriety is found in India's ancient legal and religious texts. Common examples of such use are pitri dharma (meaning a person's duty as a father), putra dharma (a person's duty as a son), raj dharma (a person's duty as a king) and so forth. In Hindu philosophy, justice, social harmony,

5107:

in Hinduism. These Dharmasutras include instructions on education of the young, their rites of passage, customs, religious rites and rituals, marital rights and obligations, death and ancestral rites, laws and administration of justice, crimes, punishments, rules and types of evidence, duties of a

4841:

The five niyamas (observances) are cleanliness by eating pure food and removing impure thoughts (such as arrogance or jealousy or pride), contentment in one's means, meditation and silent reflection regardless of circumstances one faces, study and pursuit of historic knowledge, and devotion of all

4637:

focus on continual renewal and realization of a ritual world through adherence to Vedic injunctions. They assert that the ultimate good is essentially inaccessible to perception and can only be understood through language, reflecting confidence in Vedic injunctions and the reality of language as a

809:

for example, where it becomes the cosmic law that links cause and effect through a subject. Dharma, in these ancient texts, also takes a ritual meaning. The ritual is connected to the cosmic, and "dharmani" is equated to ceremonial devotion to the principles that deities used to create order from

7204:

Trommsdorff, Gisela (2012), Development of "agentic" regulation in cultural context: the role of self and world views, Child Development Perspectives, 6(1), pp. 19–26; Quote – "Neglect of one's duties (dharma – sacred duties toward oneself, the family, the community, and humanity) is seen as an

4736:

at the individual level in the Epics of Hinduism; for example, on free will versus destiny, when and why human beings believe in either, the strong and prosperous naturally uphold free will, while those facing grief or frustration naturally lean towards destiny. The Epics of Hinduism illustrate

4708:. The value and appeal of the Mahabharata, according to Ingalls, is not as much in its complex and rushed presentation of metaphysics in the 12th book. Indian metaphysics, he argues, is more eloquently presented in other Sanskrit scriptures. Instead, the appeal of Mahabharata, like 6589:

in Jainism is found in all its key texts. It has a contextual meaning and refers to a number of ideas. In the broadest sense, it means the teachings of the Jinas, or teachings of any competing spiritual school, a supreme path, socio-religious duty, and that which is the highest

5019:

enables the individual to satisfy the striving for stability and order, a life that is lawful and harmonious, the striving to do the right thing, be good, be virtuous, earn religious merit, be helpful to others, interact successfully with society. The other three strivings are

813:

Past the ritual and cosmic sense of dharma that link the current world to mythical universe, the concept extends to an ethical-social sense that links human beings to each other and to other life forms. It is here that dharma as a concept of law emerges in Hinduism.

797:, then deliver and hold order from disorder, harmony from chaos, stability from instability – actions recited in the Veda with the root of word dharma. In hymns composed after the mythological verses, the word dharma takes expanded meaning as a 4728:, which falls between the two extremes, and who, claims Ingalls, symbolically reveals the finest moral qualities of man. The Epics of Hinduism are a symbolic treatise about life, virtues, customs, morals, ethics, law, and other aspects of 628:, English and French. The concept, claims Paul Horsch, has caused exceptional difficulties for modern commentators and translators. For example, while Grassmann's translation of Rig-Veda identifies seven different meanings of dharma, 1000:

in Rig-veda and later literature means illusion, fraud, deception, magic that misleads and creates disorder, thus is contrary to reality, laws and rules that establish order, predictability and harmony. Paul Horsch suggests Ṛta and

702:

designates human behaviours considered necessary for order of things in the universe, principles that prevent chaos, behaviours and action necessary to all life in nature, society, family as well as at the individual level.

4633:, emphasizes "the desire to know dharma" as the central concern, defining dharma as what connects a person with the highest good, always yet to be realized. While some schools associate dharma with post-mortem existence, 5825:

in Pali) particularly as "the dharma", generally means the teachings of the Buddha, commonly known throughout the East as Buddhadharma. It includes especially the discourses on the fundamental principles (such as the

9182: 198:

into English (or other European languages), it is understood as reference to behaviours which are in harmony with the "order and custom" that sustain life; "virtue", or "religious and moral duties". The antonym of

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in Ramayana. Each episode of Ramayana presents life situations and ethical questions in symbolic terms. The issue is debated by the characters, and finally the right prevails over wrong, the good over evil.

821:, in later Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and the Epics; the word dharma also plays a central role in the literature of other Indian religions founded later, such as Buddhism and Jainism. According to Brereton, 785:

created the universe from chaos, they hold (dhar-) the earth and sun and stars apart, they support (dhar-) the sky away and distinct from earth, and they stabilise (dhar-) the quaking mountains and plains.

4900:

with the help of one's teacher. Second, observing the behaviour and example of good people. The third source applies when neither one's education nor example exemplary conduct is known. In this case, "

6651:

A right believer should constantly meditate on virtues of dharma, like supreme modesty, in order to protect the Self from all contrary dispositions. He should also cover up the shortcomings of others.

8462: 8460: 8458: 7010:: "In Hinduism, dharma is a fundamental concept, referring to the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order." 8396: 8394: 181: 8279:

There is considerable amount of literature on dharma-related discussion in Hindu Epics: of Egoism versus Altruism, Individualism versus Social Virtues and Tradition; for examples, see:

5032:– the striving for spiritual meaning, liberation from life-rebirth cycle, self-realisation in this life, and so forth. The four stages are neither independent nor exclusionary in Hindu 8346: 4574:

continues as universal principle of law, order, harmony, and truth. It acts as the regulatory moral principle of the Universe. It is explained as law of righteousness and equated to

6635:) with referring to ten righteous virtues: forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation, non-attachment, and celibacy. 707:

encompasses ideas such as duty, rights, character, vocation, religion, customs and all behaviour considered appropriate, correct or morally upright. For further context, the word

655:

is "dhr̥", which means "to support, hold, or bear". It is the thing that regulates the course of change by not participating in change, but that principle which remains constant.

5059:– moral and lawful life. In times of distress, of drought, of poverty, everything suffers including relations between human beings and the human ability to live according to 5047:

being necessary for individual and society, is dependent on poverty and prosperity in a society, according to Hindu dharma scriptures. For example, according to Adam Bowles,

11312: 470:, with a range of meanings encompassing "something established or firm" (in the literal sense of prods or poles). Figuratively, it means "sustainer" and "supporter" (of 4454:

includes the religious duties, moral rights and duties of each individual, as well as behaviours that enable social order, right conduct, and those that are virtuous.

8684:

Derrett, J. D. M. (1959), "Bhu-bharana, bhu-palana, bhu-bhojana: an Indian conundrum", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 108–123.

8304:

Ganeri, J. (2010), A Return to the Self: Indians and Greeks on Life as Art and Philosophical Therapy, Royal Institute of Philosophy supplement, 85(66), pp. 119–135.

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movement in Western culture, which has incorporated certain Sikh beliefs, defines Sikh Dharma broadly as all that constitutes religion, moral duty and way of life.

4778:

Dharma from words one speaks or writes: satya (truth and facts), hitavacana (talking with good intention), priyavacana (gentle, kind talk), svadhyaya (self-study)

4447:

and its parts. It refers to the order and customs which make life and universe possible, and includes behaviours, rituals, rules that govern society, and ethics.

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of Buddhism in which practitioners of Buddhism seek refuge, or that upon which one relies for his or her lasting happiness. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are the

678:

depends on the context, and its meaning has evolved as ideas of Hinduism have developed through history. In the earliest texts and ancient myths of Hinduism,

7328: 7715: 5055:

through water. Waters come from rains, it claims; when rains are abundant there is prosperity on the earth, and this prosperity enables people to follow

4600:); Therefore, when a man speaks the Truth, they say, "He speaks the Dharma"; and if he speaks Dharma, they say, "He speaks the Truth!" For both are one. 613:, as the word has a long and varied history and straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations. There is no equivalent single-word synonym for 1009:

are also correlative concepts, the former being that which corrupts law and moral life, the later being that which strengthens law and moral life.

7543:

Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymological and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages

7590:, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 423–448; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Horsch, Paul, (1967) "Vom Schoepfungsmythos zum Weltgesetz", 5845:

is regarded variably by different Buddhist traditions. Some regard it as an ultimate truth, or as the fount of all things which lie beyond the "

659:, the widely cited resource for definitions and explanation of Sanskrit words and concepts of Hinduism, offers numerous definitions of the word 5207: 232:—the "order and custom" that makes life and universe possible. This includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and "right way of living". 4781:

Adharma of mind: paradroha (ill will to anyone), paradravyabhipsa (covetousness), nastikya (denial of the existence of morals and religiosity)

8343: 7622:; "...the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order". 7586:

English translated version by Jarrod Whitaker: Horsch, Paul, (December 2004) "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma",

4443:

that applies to human beings in solitude, in their interaction with human beings and nature, as well as between inanimate objects, to all of

4704:, who is told he may not enter paradise with such an animal. Yudhishthira refuses to abandon his companion, for which he is then praised by 10906: 10059: 9336:

Conlon, Frank F. (1994). "Hindu revival and Indian womanhood: The image and status of women in the writings of Vishnubawa Brahamachari".

736:

includes and implies many ideas; in common parlance, adharma means that which is against nature, immoral, unethical, wrong or unlawful.

9974: 4956:

texts and Smritis differ from Manusmriti on the nature and structure of Varnas. Yet, other texts question the very existence of varna.

4769:

Adharma of body: hinsa (violence), steya (steal, theft), pratisiddha maithuna (sexual indulgence with someone other than one's partner)

8185: 4712:, lies in its presentation of a series of moral problems and life situations, where there are usually three answers: one answer is of 4969:

of life, in search of moksa. While neither Manusmriti nor succeeding Smritis of Hinduism ever use the word varnadharma (that is, the

1123: 11001: 4981:

with varna system of India. In 6th century India, even Buddhist kings called themselves "protectors of varnasramadharma" – that is,

4908:

in Hinduism, that is the good person reflects and follows what satisfies his heart, his own inner feeling, what he feels driven to.

11287: 4775:

Adharma from words one speaks or writes: mithya (falsehood), parusa (caustic talk), sucana (calumny) and asambaddha (absurd talk)

3300: 1886: 432:(firm, stable). From this, it takes the meaning of "what is established or firm", and hence "law". It is derived from an older 11292: 11266: 10000: 9854: 9703: 9682: 9584: 9452: 9411: 9368: 9250: 9153: 9126: 9099: 9048: 9027: 9002: 8978: 8945: 8882: 8855: 8672: 8611: 8339: 8163: 8040: 8002: 7957: 7860: 7660: 7550: 7493: 7275: 7140: 7601:, Volume 34, Issue 5, pp. 479–496; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Paul Hacker, (1965) "Dharma im Hinduismus" 5008:

or aranyaka, the life of the forest-dweller, transitioning from worldly occupations to reflection and renunciation, and (4)

667:

means "right way of living" and "path of rightness". Dharma also has connotations of order, and when combined with the word

11317: 7006: 3179: 698:, the meaning became refined, richer, and more complex, and the word was applied to diverse contexts. In certain contexts, 4596:

Nothing is higher than dharma. The weak overcomes the stronger by dharma, as over a king. Truly that dharma is the Truth (

11327: 10016: 8266: 6980: 4665:

costs him dearly. In Hindu Epics, the good, morally upright, law-abiding king is referred to as "dharmaraja". Similarly,

942: 908: 556: 548: 4716:, which represents brute force, an individual angle representing materialism, egoism, and self; the second answer is of 4466:

is the need for, the effect of and essence of service and interconnectedness of all life. This includes duties, rights,

8563:

Kane, P.V. (1962), History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India), Volume 1, pp. 2–10.

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Buddhism obtaining ultimate realisation of the dhamma is achieved in three phases; learning, practising and realising.

5756: 5202: 5159: 4423: 4056: 9873: 9797: 9661: 9433: 9072: 8371: 8291: 8225: 7934: 6572: 6526: 6027: 4853:

is an empirical and experiential inquiry for every man and woman, according to some texts of Hinduism. For example,

1005:

are parallel concepts, the former being a cosmic principle, the latter being of moral social sphere; while Māyā and

7335: 4462:

of the bee to make honey, of cow to give milk, of sun to radiate sunshine, of river to flow. In terms of humanity,

85: 10467: 8514:

Thapar, R. (1995), The first millennium BC in northern India, Recent perspectives of early Indian history, 80–141.

6353: 711:

is often used in its place, defined as dharma specifically related to the stage of life one is in. The concept of

10052: 7667: 7626: 4772:

Dharma of body: dana (charity), paritrana (succor of the distressed) and paricarana (rendering service to others)

4765:

is not merely in one's actions, but also in words one speaks or writes, and in thought. According to Vātsyāyana:

3209: 2040: 552: 10107: 5927:

in a specific context in relation to transmission of authentic doctrine, understanding and bodhi; recognised in

10399: 9529: 8151: 7358:

Dhand, Arti (17 December 2002). "The Dharma of Ethics, the Ethics of Dharma: Quizzing the Ideals of Hinduism".

5834:), as opposed to the parables and to the poems. The Buddha's teachings explain that in order to end suffering, 5098:

is a record of these guidelines and rules. The available evidence suggest India once had a large collection of

4692:

is central, and it is presented through symbolism and metaphors. Near the end of the epic, Yama referred to as

1160: 879:, also meaning the "eternal Law" or "religion", is related to Sanskrit "dharma". Ideas in parts overlapping to 7173:, "Chapter 3"; Quote – "Rites of passage are dharma in action."; "Rites of passage, a category of rituals,..." 7114:, 32(5), pp. 671–685; Quote – "virtues enter the general topic of dharma as 'common, or general, dharma', ..." 5871:) that the Buddha gave to various types of people, based upon their individual propensities and capabilities. 4650:, places major emphasis on individual practical morality. In the Sanskrit epics, this concern is omnipresent. 4482:

of the society, for better or for worse. This has been subtly echoed by the credo धर्मो धारयति प्रजा: meaning

11101: 10031: 5685: 5380: 2633: 632:

in his translation of the Rig-Veda employs 20 different translations for dharma, including meanings such as "

364: 165: 9968: 11201: 10800: 9541: 7968:

Northrop, F. S. C. (1949), "Naturalistic and cultural foundations for a more effective international law",

5630: 5405: 5365: 5117: 3189: 3129: 1109: 933:

in ancient India meant spiritual maturity, devotion, piety, duty towards and reverence for human community.

829:; in addition, words related to Dharman also appear in Rig-veda, for example once as dharmakrt, 6 times as 761: 7023:

was retained by the Buddha to refer to phenomena or things. However, he was always careful to define this

1732: 520: 9954: 7725: 5882:

have developed to help explain and to expand upon the Buddha's teachings. For others still, they see the

4661:

morally requires of him, the King agrees and does accordingly even though his compliance with the law of

4359: 4250: 2860: 964:

Scholars of Hellenistic Greece explain eusebeia as a complex concept. Eusebia means not only to venerate

11307: 10680: 8452:; For an English Translation, see Ganganatha Jha (tr.) (1924), Bibliotheca Indica, Work No. 161, Vol. 1. 6773:

to mean motion and to refer to an ontological sub-category is peculiar to Jainism, and not found in the

5024:– the striving for means of life such as food, shelter, power, security, material wealth, and so forth; 296:

indicates the path of righteousness, proper religious practices, and performing one's own moral duties.

10770: 10665: 10045: 9196: 6914:, a Jain text of the post-Sangam period, follows a similar pattern as that of the Kural in emphasizing 4378: 4049: 3953: 2900: 2569: 2254: 1566: 1020:, as the idea developed in ancient India over time in a nonlinear manner. The following verse from the 10625: 10022: 7401: 4868:

do not go around saying, "That is us." Neither do gods, nor gandharvas, nor ancestors declare what is

4818:; the elements of Hindu dharma are the attributes, qualities and aspects of yoga. Patanjali explained 4545:, an epoch or age as established by Hindu tradition and thus may change at the conclusion of its time. 2895: 620:

There have been numerous, conflicting attempts to translate ancient Sanskrit literature with the word

356: 288:(Jina) and the body of doctrine pertaining to the purification and moral transformation of humans. In 10946: 10532: 10102: 8814: 6388: 6306: 6278: 5505: 4647: 4355: 4001: 3119: 2855: 1143: 1128: 444: 215: 5315: 1796: 10586: 10569: 10166: 6521: 5886:

as referring to the "truth", or the ultimate reality of "the way that things really are" (Tibetan:

5510: 5460: 4977:

of varnas and asramas), the scholarly commentary on Manusmriti use these words, and thus associate

4794: 4605: 4589: 3911: 3904: 3883: 3592: 3482: 3454: 3184: 2074: 1861: 954: 10630: 7043:), in an ontological sense, the Buddha utilised the conception of result or consequence or fruit ( 6107: 1836: 1752: 1016:

is a manifestation of Ṛta, but suggests Ṛta may have been subsumed into a more complex concept of

996:

principle which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.

10846: 10826: 10516: 10208: 9006: 8577: 8177: 7776: 6888:, a text probably of Jain or Hindu origin, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on 5670: 4126: 3339: 3244: 3169: 2350: 2272: 1165: 1133: 20: 7329:"How did the 'Ramayana' and 'Mahabharata' come to be (and what has 'dharma' got to do with it)?" 2312: 11126: 11091: 10527: 10252: 9089: 7946: 7772: 7528: 6428: 5749: 5485: 5470: 5450: 5375: 5370: 5285: 5192: 4416: 4325: 4255: 4091: 3720: 3489: 3149: 2050: 1727: 682:

meant cosmic law, the rules that created the universe from chaos, as well as rituals; in later

629: 10543: 9594:

Horsch, Paul (December 2004). "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma".

9574: 9062: 8872: 8217: 7850: 11302: 10304: 9964: 9883: 9143: 8968: 8283: 7345: 6565: 5690: 5680: 5635: 4949: 4365: 4343: 4233: 4098: 3671: 3279: 3159: 2562: 2548: 1716: 848: 7396: 6728: 4784:

Dharma of mind: daya (compassion), asprha (disinterestedness), and sraddha (faith in others)

1711: 218:(1500–500 BCE), and its meaning and conceptual scope has evolved over several millennia. In 11322: 10690: 9187: 5831: 5700: 5660: 5655: 5620: 5465: 5345: 5253: 5238: 5182: 5154: 4896:, are: First, learning historical knowledge such as Vedas, Upanishads, the Epics and other 4625: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4228: 3890: 3468: 3438: 3269: 3174: 3070: 2800: 2694: 856: 756: 260: 10346: 8771:

Leave Space for the Practice of Abortion and are Upheld by Contemporary Japanese Buddhist

5015:

The four stages of life complete the four human strivings in life, according to Hinduism.

8: 11036: 10976: 10750: 10324: 10248: 10082: 9937: 7597:

English translated version by Donald R. Davis: Paul Hacker, (2006) "Dharma in Hinduism",

6471: 6022: 5928: 5879: 5798: 5710: 5665: 5603: 5543: 5480: 5425: 5420: 5175: 5164: 5048: 4917: 4897: 4383: 4276: 4112: 3643: 3505: 3249: 3139: 3124: 3030: 2970: 2935: 2835: 2415: 2327: 1946: 1605: 1216: 1118: 1089: 264: 106: 10911: 10645: 10171: 9807:

Potter, Karl H. (Apr–Jul 1958). "Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View".

8448:

Kumarila Bhatta, Tantravarttika, Anandasramasamskrtagranthavalih, Vol. 97, pp. 204–205.

6712: 5028:– the striving for sex, desire, pleasure, love, emotional fulfilment, and so forth; and 4619: 2516: 1706: 805:. It evolves into a concept, claims Paul Horsch, that has a dynamic functional sense in 11297: 10550: 10361: 10191: 9903: 9824: 9773: 9730: 9640: 9611: 9558: 9508: 9479: 9324: 9208: 8218:

The Mahābhārata: Vol. 7, Book 11: The Book of Women; Book 12: The Book of Peace, Part 1

7072:) are born with a number of debts, hence through common moral duties prescribed in the 6880: 6017: 5915:, meaning the community of practitioners who provide one another guidance and support. 5695: 5675: 5615: 5610: 5498: 5400: 5393: 5320: 5310: 5217: 4750: 4305: 4291: 4010: 3535: 3431: 3259: 3239: 3234: 3229: 2830: 2596: 2467: 2079: 1965: 993: 798: 695: 309: 10891: 10561: 10394: 9245:(in Tamil and English) (1st ed.). Chennai: Unique Media Integrators. p. 55. 7146:

Harvey, Mark (1986), The Secular as Sacred?, Modern Asian Studies, 20(2), pp. 321–331.

5838:, or the right thoughts, understanding, actions and livelihood, should be cultivated. 4497: 866:

period. Instead, it was primarily developed more recently under the Vedic tradition.

10941: 10921: 10876: 10745: 10522: 10498: 10491: 10068: 9996: 9869: 9850: 9793: 9777: 9765: 9699: 9678: 9657: 9580: 9525: 9483: 9448: 9429: 9407: 9364: 9328: 9316: 9246: 9212: 9149: 9122: 9095: 9068: 9044: 9023: 8998: 8974: 8941: 8878: 8851: 8792: 8668: 8607: 8367: 8335: 8287: 8229: 8221: 8159: 8036: 7998: 7953: 7930: 7856: 7656: 7546: 7489: 7375: 7271: 7136: 6906: 6845: 6825: 6684: 6257: 6201: 6196: 6137: 6125: 6057: 5912: 5906: 5827: 5742: 5640: 5625: 5430: 5305: 5248: 5212: 5197: 5128: 4581: 4409: 4315: 4284: 4240: 3897: 3848: 3783: 3542: 3528: 3274: 3199: 3020: 2980: 2975: 2965: 2805: 2501: 2435: 2030: 1767: 1058: 586: 327: 195: 174: 160: 11206: 10241: 6704: 6152: 4921: 2880: 2287: 1574: 237: 11146: 10780: 10715: 10503: 10437: 10366: 10147: 10139: 9990: 9928: 9924: 9895: 9816: 9785: 9755: 9722: 9632: 9603: 9550: 9500: 9471: 9390: 9345: 9308: 9200: 8784: 8061: 7532: 7367: 7249: 6808: 6601: 6558: 6481: 6466: 6456: 6360: 6087: 6072: 6067: 6062: 5986: 5977: 5878:, but also to the later traditions of interpretation and addition that the various 5705: 5650: 5580: 5570: 5435: 4191: 4153: 4133: 4084: 4033: 3932: 3727: 3713: 3664: 3607: 3154: 2810: 2729: 2480: 2400: 2025: 1451: 1305: 1202: 950: 590: 560: 390: 376: 278: 187: 136: 10725: 9760: 9743: 9475: 8366:

Klostermaier, Klaus. Chapter 3: "Hindu dharma", A survey of Hinduism, SUNY Press,

7812:

P. Thieme, Gedichte aus dem Rig-Veda, Reclam Universal-Bibliothek Nr. 8930, p. 52.

7229: 3569: 99: 11096: 10966: 10841: 10740: 10416: 10334: 10309: 10231: 9693: 9672: 9570: 9358: 9116: 8935: 8845: 8350: 8262: 7898: 6942:

to Indian civilization is illustrated by India's decision in 1947 to include the

6546: 6461: 6330: 6316: 6039: 5730: 5645: 5445: 5355: 5300: 4989: 4966: 4754: 4528: 4508: 4397: 4320: 4268: 4077: 3981: 3925: 3862: 3678: 3579: 3475: 3224: 3204: 3075: 2950: 2930: 2850: 2541: 2527: 2425: 2405: 2368: 1960: 1955: 1682: 1561: 1525: 1470: 1465: 1292: 851:

parallels for "dharma" are known, but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian

625: 19:

This article is about the concept found in Indian religions. For other uses, see

11186: 10257: 5295: 2089: 1841: 1542: 11171: 11121: 11111: 10760: 10655: 10537: 10480: 10450: 10319: 10092: 10027: 9443:

Flood, Gavin (1998). "Chapter 2, Making moral decisions". In Paul Bowen (ed.).

9118:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

8788: 7592:

Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Asiankunde

7201:, 25(2), pp. 161–173; Quote – "Dharma pointed to duty, and specified duties.."; 6875: 6733:), the latter consisting of five categories: inert non-sentient atomic matter ( 6395: 6381: 6367: 6346: 6211: 6157: 6097: 6052: 5859:). Others, who regard the Buddha as simply an enlightened human being, see the 5590: 5520: 5475: 5333: 4893: 4310: 4119: 3967: 3618: 3512: 3461: 3264: 3090: 3010: 2960: 2945: 2910: 2865: 2762: 2534: 2395: 2277: 2226: 2211: 2191: 2155: 2084: 1866: 1821: 1772: 1530: 1155: 957:, on the rock appears a Greek rendering for the Sanskrit word dharma: the word 946: 892: 876: 744: 488: 433: 304: 11156: 10341: 10272: 9607: 9554: 9349: 9312: 9204: 9183:"Corruption and Redemption: The Legend of Valluvar and Tamil Literary History" 6374: 1912: 1692: 1623: 1138: 16:

Key concept in Indian philosophy and Eastern religions, with multiple meanings

11281: 10620: 10593: 10456: 10443: 10430: 10384: 10329: 9769: 9394: 9378: 9320: 7379: 7128: 6943: 6241: 6206: 6171: 6012: 5924: 5778: 5415: 5410: 5350: 5095: 4721: 4623:, developed through commentaries on its foundational texts, particularly the 3974: 3939: 3876: 3822: 3815: 3776: 3769: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3657: 3601: 3219: 3164: 3144: 3134: 3114: 3085: 2995: 2785: 2780: 2770: 2719: 2641: 2555: 2388: 2337: 2236: 2171: 2010: 1777: 1231: 965: 938: 912: 863: 802: 790: 531: 471: 368: 252: 10198: 9742:

Kumar, Shailendra; Choudhury, Sanghamitra (2021) . Meissner, Richard (ed.).

9522:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

7831:(cf. Wennerberg 1981: 95f.), but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian 7371: 6742: 6339: 5555: 5360: 2955: 2714: 1922: 1917: 59: 11166: 11066: 11051: 10785: 10615: 10423: 10356: 10236: 10216: 10097: 8796: 8331: 8269:

from the original on Jan 13, 2024 – via Internet Sacred Text Archive.

7110:

Fitzgerald, James (2004), "Dharma and its Translation in the Mahābhārata",

6948: 6516: 6246: 6216: 6077: 6047: 5898: 5846: 5455: 5340: 5258: 5144: 4997: 4717: 4701: 3946: 3855: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3734: 3392: 3214: 3050: 3045: 3005: 2915: 2905: 2875: 2845: 2775: 2679: 2601: 2332: 2297: 2221: 2196: 2125: 1975: 1826: 1618: 1613: 1512: 1499: 1494: 648:

in English, and is included in all modern unabridged English dictionaries.

121: 10186: 9845:

Rocher, Ludo (2003). "Chapter 4, The Dharmasastra". In Gavin Flood (ed.).

8574:

The Asrama System: The history and hermeneutics of a religious institution

7651:

Johannes Heesterman (1978). "Veda and Dharma", in W. D. O'Flaherty (ed.),

6642: 6636: 2150: 497: 464: 11246: 11136: 11116: 10886: 10710: 10670: 10660: 10462: 10277: 10161: 9491:

Goodwin, William F. (Jan 1955). "Ethics and Value in Indian Philosophy".

9421: 8964: 8750: 8737:

Lariviere, Richard W. (2003), The Naradasmrti, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass

8523:

Trautmann, Thomas R. (Jul 1964), "On the Translation of the Term Varna",

8233: 6774: 6506: 6402: 6288: 6236: 6092: 5855: 5525: 5005: 4930:

for society and at the individual level. Of these, the most cited one is

4686: 4534: 4017: 3741: 3634: 3564: 3377: 3331: 3292: 3194: 3035: 3025: 2890: 2754: 2744: 2613: 2608: 2511: 2410: 2302: 2292: 2262: 2231: 2140: 1907: 1721: 1644: 1636: 1438: 1207: 916: 806: 492: 285: 11081: 9615: 9562: 5009: 1036:

O Indra, lead us on the path of Rta, on the right path over all evils...

11196: 11176: 11086: 11041: 11016: 10956: 10951: 10901: 10821: 10795: 10730: 10556: 10509: 10314: 10262: 9907: 9828: 9744:"Ancient Vedic Literature and Human Rights: Resonances and Dissonances" 9734: 9644: 9512: 6970: 6851: 6701:(substance or a reality). In the Jain tradition, existence consists of 6438: 6433: 6283: 6273: 6268: 6176: 6147: 6102: 5902: 5875: 5786: 5530: 5290: 5187: 4932: 4842:

actions to the Supreme Teacher to achieve perfection of concentration.

4567: 4063: 4024: 3988: 3869: 3808: 3415: 3407: 3318: 3095: 2870: 2820: 2674: 2664: 2430: 2378: 2307: 2216: 2145: 2135: 2130: 1902: 1677: 1654: 1649: 1378: 1178: 1041: 687: 504: 10486: 6695:

and soteriological meaning in Jainism, as a part of its theory of six

6002: 5004:, the life of the householder with family and other social roles, (3) 11221: 11056: 10881: 10856: 10775: 10735: 10720: 10675: 10473: 10267: 8693: 8064:". Encyclopædia Britannica, 18 Jun. 2009. Accessed 14 September 2021. 7197:

Creel, Austin (1975), "The Reexamination of Dharma in Hindu Ethics",

6965: 6911: 6606: 6511: 6501: 6476: 6311: 6263: 6142: 5950: 5940: 5806: 5575: 5550: 5080: 5001: 4901: 4854: 4815: 4724:, social virtue, and tradition; the third answer is of introspective 4678: 4570:

and later ancient scripts of Hinduism. In Upanishads, the concept of

4514: 4173: 4105: 4042: 3960: 3792: 3363: 3323: 3254: 3100: 3065: 3015: 2985: 2920: 2840: 2739: 2709: 2689: 2373: 2317: 2282: 2267: 2186: 2181: 2163: 1489: 1403: 1334: 1273: 997: 862:, suggesting that the word "dharma" did not play a major role in the 817:

Dharma and related words are found in the oldest Vedic literature of

743:

incorporates the teachings and doctrines of the founder of Buddhism,

640:", "custom", "quality", and "model", among others. However, the word 343: 274: 10221: 10037: 9899: 9820: 9726: 9636: 9504: 9039:

Dusenbery, Verne (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

4940:, their rights and duties. Most texts of Hinduism, however, discuss 1970: 571: 564: 11216: 11106: 11046: 10996: 10991: 10836: 10831: 10790: 10755: 10705: 10640: 10635: 10389: 10226: 9956:

Sanatana Dharma: an advanced text book of Hindu religion and Ethics

9296: 8993:

Rinehart, Robin (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

7925:

Holdrege, Barbara (2004), "Dharma" in: Mittal & Thursby (eds.)

6934:

The wheel in the centre of India's flag symbolises Ashoka's dhamma.

6692: 6541: 6251: 5585: 5565: 5560: 5440: 5136: 4709: 4654: 4440: 4245: 3801: 3627: 3584: 3551: 3402: 3397: 3370: 3080: 3060: 2990: 2940: 2815: 2704: 2620: 2591: 2586: 2455: 2445: 2342: 2322: 2246: 2241: 2206: 1876: 1856: 1816: 1782: 1762: 1742: 1628: 1504: 1239: 1197: 1192: 1066: 958: 925: 818: 645: 598: 594: 543: 484: 414: 360: 244: 219: 11226: 9713:

Koller, J. M. (1972). "Dharma: an expression of universal order".

9240: 8724:

Davis, Donald Jr. (September 2006) "A Realist View of Hindu Law",

6720: 5066:

In Rajadharmaparvan 91.34-8, the relationship between poverty and

4486:

is that which holds and provides support to the social construct.

3308: 73: 11236: 11231: 11211: 11151: 11141: 11131: 11071: 11021: 11011: 10936: 10926: 10916: 10861: 10695: 10575: 10299: 10176: 10151: 10087: 9464:

International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East

9259: 9162: 9018:

Cole, W. Owen (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),

8498: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8490: 6824:) means the path of righteousness and proper religious practice. 6786: 5994: 5864: 5265: 4630: 4178: 4168: 3918: 3839: 3831: 3648: 3574: 3559: 3356: 3055: 3000: 2734: 2684: 2654: 2649: 2521: 2496: 2383: 2015: 1894: 1871: 1846: 1757: 1747: 1556: 1520: 1408: 1393: 1388: 1324: 1319: 1283: 1278: 1265: 1021: 989: 826: 782: 778: 770: 724: 691: 606: 602: 508: 455: 348: 289: 228: 204: 10961: 9915:

Widgery, Alban G. (Jan 1930). "The Principles of Hindu Ethics".

8937:

Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History

8297:

Piper, Raymond F. (1954), "In Support of Altruism in Hinduism",

7143:; Quote – "Yoga is a dharmic approach to the spiritual life..."; 6930: 6791: 6750: 4911: 4214: 2060: 2055: 1881: 903: 313:, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on dharma ( 236:

is believed to have a transtemporal validity, and is one of the

11241: 11191: 11181: 11076: 11061: 10981: 10931: 10871: 10866: 10851: 10816: 10765: 10685: 10351: 10181: 10122: 9992:

Dharma: Studies in Its Semantic, Cultural and Religious History

8874:

Makers of Modern Indian Religion in the Late Nineteenth Century

6672: 6423: 6082: 5911:, meaning the teachings and the methods of the Buddha, and the 5797:) of the Buddha's teachings is then comprehended as Dharma. In 5725: 5280: 5275: 5270: 4957: 4830: 4725: 4471: 4448: 4444: 4183: 3997: 3313: 3040: 2925: 2825: 2795: 2790: 2724: 2699: 2488: 2358: 2201: 2176: 2115: 2000: 1995: 1985: 1927: 1851: 1811: 1806: 1737: 1662: 1597: 1484: 1428: 1413: 1359: 1339: 1252: 1247: 1084: 728:(Sanskrit: अधर्म), meaning that which is "not dharma". As with 534: 476: 372: 299:

As with the other components of the Puruṣārtha, the concept of

114: 50: 27: 9462:

Fritzman, J.M. (2015). "The Bhagavadgītā, Sen, and Anderson".

9243:

Why Should Thirukkural Be Declared the National Book of India?

8696:, "Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of View", 8604:

The strides of Vishnu: Hindu culture in historical perspective

8487: 7603:

Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft

5103:

are neither exclusive, nor do they supersede other sources of

773:, as an adjective or noun. According to Paul Horsch, the word 609:. It is difficult to provide a single concise definition for 43: 11256: 11251: 11161: 11031: 10986: 10896: 10700: 10650: 10599: 10580: 10156: 10117: 8767:

Brown, Hannah Jean (2019). "Key Tenets of Classical Buddhist

8387:. 2 vols. Translated by Ganganatha Jha. Oriental Books. 1939. 7696: 7694: 7644:

Albrecht Wezler, "Dharma in the Veda and the Dharmaśāstras",

7185:; Quote – "Hindu stages of life approach (ashrama dharma)..." 6975: 6855: 5774: 5515: 5029: 5021: 4824: 4713: 4576: 4563: 4200: 4070: 3835: 3347: 2885: 2749: 2659: 2506: 2460: 2440: 2120: 2105: 2045: 2035: 2020: 2005: 1980: 1831: 1801: 1687: 1587: 1418: 1383: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1329: 1257: 871: 794: 683: 8843: 8477: 8475: 8263:"The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section 3" 7909: 7907: 5867:

of the "84,000 different aspects of the teaching" (Tibetan:

399: 226:

denotes behaviours that are considered to be in accord with

145: 11261: 11026: 11006: 10112: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8106: 8012: 8010: 7852:

The Religion Toolkit: A Complete Guide to Religious Studies

7069: 6859: 6800: 5025: 4811: 4674: 4670: 4542: 2669: 2450: 2420: 2363: 2110: 2097: 1990: 1592: 1433: 1423: 1398: 1364: 1314: 1296: 888: 637: 547:(εὐσέβεια, piety, spiritual maturity, or godliness) in the 512: 405: 151: 9623:

Ingalls, Daniel H. H. (Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa".

9360:

Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India

9230:(2nd ed.). Chennai: University of Madras. p. 82. 7771:

RgVeda 6.70.1, 8.41.10, 10.44.8, for secondary source see

7691: 7416: 4761:

by contrasting it with adharma. Vātsyāyana suggested that

9576:

Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative

8808: 8806: 8472: 8130: 7904: 7794: 7782: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 6833: 4697: 4467: 941:

from the year 258 BCE was discovered in Afghanistan, the

884: 633: 448: 9381:(2004). "Hindu bioethics for the twenty-first century". 9064:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

8525:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

8430: 8418: 8406: 8238: 8096: 8094: 8007: 4988:

At the individual level, some texts of Hinduism outline

9404:

The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature

8891: 8847:

The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations

8079: 4657:, for example, when a peasant asks the King to do what 1537: 1074: 855:, meaning "remedy". This meaning is different from the 9424:(1994). "Hinduism". In Jean Holm; John Bowker (eds.). 8940:. State University of New York Press. pp. 10–11. 8803: 8156:

The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, Kshetra

7498: 7284: 5905:, meaning the mind's perfection of enlightenment, the 4960:, in the Epics, for example, presents the theory that 4744: 937:

In the mid-20th century, an inscription of the Indian

443:, with a literal meaning of "bearer, supporter", in a 9383:

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

8198: 8091: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 6819: 883:

are found in other ancient cultures: such as Chinese

769:

appears at least fifty-six times in the hymns of the

11313:

Words and phrases with no direct English translation

9840:. Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. 9234: 8665:

Dharma, Disorder, and the Political in Ancient India

8118: 8067: 7975: 7679: 7558: 7309: 7297: 7133:

Yoga and Ayurveda: Self-Healing and Self-Realization

4888:

In other texts, three sources and means to discover

4669:

is at the centre of all major events in the life of

396: 142: 9539:Hacker, Paul (October 2006). "Dharma in Hinduism". 9241:Velusamy, N.; Faraday, Moses Michael, eds. (2017). 9091:

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot

8903: 8825: 8583: 8035:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale, 7997:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale, 7901:, Bibliothèque du Museon 43, Louvain, 1958, p. 249. 7835:, 'remedy', which has little bearing on Indo-Aryan 7775:, Der Rigveda in Auswahl (2 vols.), Stuttgart; and 4527:Sadharana dharma, moral duties irrespective of the 777:has its origin in Vedic Hinduism. The hymns of the 402: 393: 148: 139: 9835: 9265: 9168: 9141: 9094:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4333–4334, 4341–4342. 8915: 7869: 7648:, December 2004, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 629–654 7451: 7157:Jackson, Bernard S. (1975), "From dharma to law", 4696:in the text, is portrayed as taking the form of a 541:into Greek and Aramaic and he used the Greek word 8959: 8957: 8184:, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 186:) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the 11279: 9970:A History of Indian Philosophy: Indian Pluralism 9121:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–154. 7234:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 7076:would help to repay one's debts to the humanity. 5960:Patipatti – putting the theory into practice and 5957:as contained within the suttas of the Pali canon 9985:, Vol. XXI, No. 1, Spring 1966, pp. 84–87. 9602:(5–6). Translated by Jarrod Whitaker: 423–448. 9060: 8821:. Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. p. 33. 8812: 8606:. Oxford: Oxford University press. p. 87. 5967:or through experience realises the truth of it. 4892:in Hinduism are described. These, according to 801:principle and appears in verses independent of 9981:Murthy, K. Krishna. "Dharma – Its Etymology." 9741: 9695:Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya 9174: 8954: 8745: 8743: 8112: 7700: 7668:Practitioners of Hindu Law: Ancient and Modern 6768: 6762: 6756: 6748: 6740: 6734: 6726: 6718: 6710: 6702: 6696: 6678: 6610: 6591: 4973:of varnas), or varnasramadharma (that is, the 4788: 715:is believed to have a transtemporal validity. 10053: 9549:(5). Translated by Donald R. Davis: 479–496. 9406:. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 9219: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8385:Gautama's Nyāyasūtras, with Vātsyāyana-Bhāṣya 8180:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), 7223: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7161:, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Summer, 1975), pp. 490–512. 7031:) ... In order to distinguish this notion of 7000: 6998: 6996: 6854:and post-Sangam period, many of which are of 6777:of Buddhism and various schools of Hinduism. 6566: 5874:Dharma refers not only to the sayings of the 5750: 4912:Dharma, life stages and social stratification 4558:of this article discusses the development of 4417: 671:, it can also be described as eternal truth. 585:Dharma is a concept of central importance in 9882: 9790:Dharmasūtras: The Law Codes of Ancient India 9656:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 9114: 8987: 8543: 8016: 7848: 7820: 7818: 7757: 7422: 7104: 5090:and happiness requires that people live per 5000:, the life of preparation as a student, (2) 9569: 9279:International Journal of Constitutional Law 8973:(2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 93–95. 8963: 8740: 8502: 7950:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7729:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7534:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7341: 6616: 5785:) latter came to refer to the teachings of 4507:Varṇ āśramā dharma, one's duty at specific 4500:, the eternal and unchanging principals of 976:The evolving literature of Hinduism linked 657:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 474:). It is semantically similar to the Greek 10060: 10046: 9338:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 9087: 8700:, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (Jan., 1956), pp. 36–71. 8652: 8301:, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul., 1954), pp. 178–183 7210: 7035:from the Indian conception where the term 6993: 6904:), is completely and exclusively based on 6573: 6559: 5757: 5743: 4646:The Hindu religion and philosophy, claims 4549: 4424: 4410: 325:), is completely and exclusively based on 9759: 9228:First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers 9180: 9067:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 156–171. 8667:, Brill's Indological Library (Book 28), 8625: 8623: 8601: 8362: 8360: 8358: 7815: 5853:) and the "wheel of becoming" (Sanskrit: 5071:to follow dharma and achieve prosperity. 9988: 9963: 9784: 9461: 9294: 9225: 8877:. Oxford University Press. p. 124. 8466: 8085: 7827:; "There are Indo-European parallels to 7824: 7315: 7068:is based on the idea that, individuals ( 7051:) to bring out the pragmatic meaning of 6929: 6790: 5817:For practising Buddhists, references to 4517:, one's own individual or personal duty. 902: 523:and dialects it alternatively occurs as 342: 9959:. Central Hindu College, Benaras. 1904. 9914: 9622: 9490: 9051:, Oxford University Press, pp. 560–568. 8844:Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (2009). 8755:The New Concise Pali English Dictionary 8709: 8644: 8589: 8334:(2009) The World Religions, HarperOne, 8315: 8249: 8204: 8182:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8147: 8145: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7488:(German Edition), Motilal Banarsidass, 7443: 7245: 7243: 7159:The American Journal of Comparative Law 7019:David Kalupahana: "The old Indian term 6839: 3301:Sources and classification of scripture 971: 11280: 9844: 9806: 9712: 9651: 9593: 9538: 9524:. State University of New York Press. 9519: 9377: 9335: 8870: 8638: 8632: 8620: 8549: 8481: 8355: 8175: 8166:, p. 481, for discussion: pp. 478–505. 8136: 8124: 8100: 8073: 8022: 7913: 7886: 7855:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 324. 7800: 7788: 7751: 7731:, University of Koeln, Germany (2009). 7685: 7619: 7564: 7472: 7437: 7227: 7182: 6956:"), as the central motif on its flag. 5773:as "cosmic law", as in the working of 5051:11.1.6.24 links social prosperity and 4804:is real; in the Vedanta it is unreal. 4524:prescribed at the time of adversities. 898: 10067: 10041: 9935: 9863: 9442: 9420: 8850:. Taylor & Francis. p. 325. 8766: 8710:Gächter, Othmar (1998). "Anthropos". 8436: 8424: 8412: 8400: 8046: 7849:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2011). 7745: 7513: 7391: 7389: 7357: 7265: 7170: 5934: 5812: 5039: 4613: 1923:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1918:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 173: 9886:(Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa". 9691: 9670: 9356: 9148:. Abhinav Publications. p. 13. 8933: 8921: 8909: 8897: 8831: 8142: 7570: 7428: 7240: 7007:Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 6925: 5963:Pativedha – when one penetrates the 4992:, or stages of life as individual's 4566:. This development continued in the 4493:generally includes various aspects: 565: 9847:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 9401: 9295:Brereton, Joel P. (December 2004). 9041:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 9020:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 8995:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 7981: 7303: 7027:as "dependently arisen phenomena" ( 6981:List of Hindu empires and dynasties 6866:. Most of these texts are based on 4745:According to 4th-century Vatsyayana 4732:. There is extensive discussion of 943:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 919:. The inscription renders the word 909:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 557:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 549:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription 13: 10032:Dharma Is Not The Same As Religion 9947: 9836:Purnalingam Pillai, M. S. (2015). 9030:, Oxford University Press, p. 254. 8663:Bowles, Adam (2007), "Chapter 3", 7386: 7013: 5208:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 5203:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 14: 11339: 10010: 9674:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvārthsūtra 7653:The Concept of Duty in South Asia 7292:Chambers Dictionary of Etymology 5074: 980:to two other important concepts: 945:. This rock inscription contains 9579:. Oxford University Press, USA. 9271: 9181:Blackburn, Stuart (April 2000). 9135: 9108: 9081: 9054: 9033: 9012: 8819:: Good Dhamma is of three sorts" 7268:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 7254:The Philosophy of the Middle Way 6664: 6540: 6001: 5953:– the learning of the theory of 5918: 5869:chos-sgo brgyad-khri bzhi strong 5769:Buddhism held the Hindu view of 5724: 5143: 4391: 1073: 810:disorder, the world from chaos. 480:("fixed decree, statute, law"). 389: 135: 113: 98: 84: 72: 58: 42: 11288:Buddhist philosophical concepts 9917:International Journal of Ethics 8927: 8864: 8837: 8813:Lee Dhammadharo, Ajaan (1994). 8760: 8731: 8718: 8703: 8687: 8678: 8595: 8566: 8557: 8534: 8517: 8508: 8442: 8377: 8325: 8309: 8273: 8255: 8220:. University of Chicago Press. 8210: 8188:from the original on 8 Jul 2024 8169: 8054: 7987: 7962: 7940: 7919: 7892: 7842: 7806: 7765: 7736: 7706: 7635: 7627:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 7610: 7519: 7478: 7351: 7321: 7259: 7058: 4926:Some texts of Hinduism outline 4753:, 4th-century CE Hindu scholar 4641: 10400:Progressive utilization theory 9936:Woods, James Haughton (1914). 9929:10.1086/intejethi.40.2.2377977 8777:Journal of Religion and Health 8728:. Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 287–313. 8344:Background to Hindu Literature 8176:Arnold, Daniel (Summer 2024), 7545:, Asian Educational Services, 7188: 7176: 7164: 7151: 7119: 7095: 6832:as duty and moral values. The 4985:of varna and asramas of life. 4439:is an organising principle in 1161:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 593:. It has multiple meanings in 120:Duties, such as learning from 1: 9761:10.1080/23311886.2020.1858562 9476:10.1080/09552367.2015.1102693 9445:Themes and issues in Hinduism 8299:Journal of Bible and Religion 7748:, pp. 30–54 and 151–152; 7666:K. L. Seshagiri Rao (1997), " 7290:Barnhart, R. K. (ed.) (1998) 7236:– via Encyclopedia.com. 7228:Bowker, John (June 8, 2018). 7083: 4222:Other society-related topics: 1913:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 644:has become a widely accepted 580: 521:contemporary Indian languages 269: 11293:Hindu philosophical concepts 9939:The yoga-system of Patanjali 9596:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9542:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9301:Journal of Indian Philosophy 9288: 8284:Sexual life in ancient India 8282:Meyer, Johann Jakob (1989), 8216:Fitzgerald, James L. (2004) 7646:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7599:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7588:Journal of Indian Philosophy 7112:Journal of Indian philosophy 7088: 5406:Buddhist Paths to liberation 5118:Buddhist paths to liberation 4588:, truth), in hymn 1.4.14 of 4555: 4333:Hinduism and other religions 3130:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 572: 338: 91:Rituals and rites of passage 7: 11318:Jain philosophical concepts 10019:(archived 28 February 2010) 9942:. Harvard University Press. 9792:. Oxford University Press. 9363:. Oxford University Press. 9142:Iraianban, Swamiji (1997). 8815:"What is the Triple Gem? – 7720:Sanskrit-English Dictionary 7674:, Volume 66, pp. 1185–1199. 7360:Journal of Religious Ethics 6959: 6820: 6643: 6641:, author of the Jain text, 6637: 6382:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara) 6158:Aparigraha (non-possession) 5111: 5108:king, as well as morality. 4936:, which describes the four 4789:According to Patanjali Yoga 4474:and "right way of living". 4078:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 4050:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1778:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 1722:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 1717:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 1049: 530:In the 3rd century BCE the 498: 465: 303:is pan-Indian. The ancient 284:refers to the teachings of 10: 11344: 11328:Sanskrit words and phrases 9989:Olivelle, Patrick (2009). 9975:Cambridge University Press 9197:Cambridge University Press 8789:10.1007/s10943-019-00763-4 8322:" (Mahabharata 12.106.20). 8113:Kumar & Choudhury 2021 7701:Kumar & Choudhury 2021 6843: 6784: 6780: 6761:), and principle of rest ( 6670: 6368:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara) 6347:Pravachanasara (Digambara) 5975: 5971: 5115: 5078: 4915: 4845: 4720:, which appeals to piety, 4700:to test the compassion of 4653:In the Second Book of the 3954:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2634:Gurus, sants, philosophers 2570:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1758:Uparati (self-settledness) 992:in Vedas is the truth and 750: 447:conceived as an aspect of 428:, and is related to Latin 371:, as inscribed by Emperor 25: 18: 10809: 10608: 10408: 10377: 10292: 10207: 10138: 10131: 10075: 10023:Buddhism A–Z: "D" Entries 9608:10.1007/s10781-004-8628-3 9555:10.1007/s10781-006-9002-4 9350:10.1080/00856409408723205 9313:10.1007/s10781-004-8631-8 9205:10.1017/S0026749X00003632 8602:Glucklich, Ariel (2008). 8033:The Columbia Encyclopedia 7995:The Columbia Encyclopedia 7270:(3rd ed.). Longman. 7205:indicator of immaturity." 7029:paticca-samuppanna-dhamma 6812: 6688: 4585: 3120:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 1773:Samadhana (concentration) 1637:Three paths to liberation 1144:Tribal religions in India 1129:Historical Vedic religion 1124:Indus Valley Civilisation 915:in 258 BCE, and found in 458:, the word appears as an 216:historical Vedic religion 190:, among others. The term 164: 10587:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 9888:Philosophy East and West 9809:Philosophy East and West 9715:Philosophy East and West 9652:Jacobs, Stephen (2010). 9625:Philosophy East and West 9520:Grimes, John A. (1996). 9493:Philosophy East and West 9402:Day, Terence P. (1982). 9395:10.1001/jama.291.22.2759 9061:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). 7531:Monier Monier-Williams, 7256:. SUNY Press, pp. 15–16. 7199:Philosophy East and West 6986: 6755:), principle of motion ( 6522:Parasparopagraho Jivanam 6375:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara) 6165:Anuvratas (further vows) 4606:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1949:, sacrifice, and charity 674:The meaning of the word 495:, the stem is thematic: 65:Yoga, personal behaviour 26:Not to be confused with 10517:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 10017:India Glossary – Dharma 9692:Jain, Vijay K. (2012). 9671:Jain, Vijay K. (2011). 9297:"Dhárman In The Rgveda" 9266:Purnalingam Pillai 2015 9169:Purnalingam Pillai 2015 9145:Ambrosia of Thirukkural 9007:Oxford University Press 8871:Brekke, Torkel (2002). 8578:Oxford University Press 7929:, New York: Routledge, 7779:, 33–36, Bd. 1–3: 1951. 7777:Harvard Oriental Series 7594:, Volume 21, pp. 31–61; 7541:Carl Cappeller (1999), 7486:Worterbuch zum Rig-veda 7402:Encyclopædia Britannica 7372:10.1111/1467-9795.00113 7266:Wells, John C. (2008). 6767:). The use of the term 6131:Mahavratas (major vows) 5426:Philosophical reasoning 4590:Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 4550:In Vedas and Upanishads 4127:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 3340:Timeline of Hindu texts 3245:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 2273:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1928:Śabda (word, testimony) 1166:Epic-Puranic chronology 1134:Dravidian folk religion 869:It is thought that the 762:History of Dharmaśāstra 261:teachings of the Buddha 21:Dharma (disambiguation) 10253:Early Buddhist schools 9965:Dasgupta, Surendranath 9884:Van Buitenen, J. A. B. 9864:Rosen, Steven (2006). 9748:Cogent Social Sciences 9357:Cort, John E. (2001). 8934:Cort, John E. (1998). 8775:Remembrance Rituals". 7773:Karl Friedrich Geldner 7605:Volume 49, pp. 93–106. 6935: 6862:origin, emphasizes on 6796: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6749: 6741: 6735: 6727: 6719: 6711: 6703: 6697: 6691:) also has a specific 6679: 6662: 6611: 6592: 6429:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 6340:Samayasāra (Digambara) 6153:Brahmacarya (chastity) 5923:Dharma is employed in 5805:is also the term for " 5782: 5193:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4886: 4611: 4092:Eighteen Greater Texts 3721:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 3150:Krishnananda Saraswati 2389:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1903:Pratyakṣa (perception) 1763:Titiksha (forbearance) 1047: 934: 630:Karl Friedrich Geldner 617:in western languages. 380: 273:is also the term for " 256: 9226:Sanjeevi, N. (2006). 9115:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 8572:Olivelle, P. (1993). 8342:; For summary notes: 7064:The common duties of 6946:, a depiction of the 6933: 6870:, the Tamil term for 6850:Several works of the 6794: 6671:Further information: 6657:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 6649: 6644:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 6148:Asteya (non-stealing) 6138:Ahiṃsā (non-violence) 5461:Aids to Enlightenment 5286:Dependent Origination 4882:Apastamba Dharmasutra 4859: 4855:Apastamba Dharmasutra 4594: 4541:which is valid for a 4477:In its true essence, 4208:Varna-related topics: 4099:Eighteen Lesser Texts 3672:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2563:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 2549:Achintya Bheda Abheda 2481:Philosophical schools 1783:Ahamkara (attachment) 1743:Vairagya (dispassion) 1671:Mokṣa-related topics: 1034: 929:in Greek, suggesting 906: 651:The root of the word 577:; truth, rectitude). 553:Kandahar Greek Edicts 346: 10691:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 10528:Sarvadarsanasangraha 10305:Acintya bheda abheda 10034:(huffingtonpost.com) 9281:, 4(4), pp. 741–751. 9188:Modern Asian Studies 7972:, 59, pp. 1430–1441. 7655:, New Delhi: Vikas, 6840:In Sangam literature 6307:Schools and Branches 5832:Noble Eightfold Path 5431:Devotional practices 5254:Noble Eightfold Path 4340:Hinduism and Jainism 3270:Vethathiri Maharishi 3175:Nisargadatta Maharaj 1738:Viveka (discernment) 1113:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 1024:is an example where 972:Rta, maya and dharma 757:Pandurang Vaman Kane 331:—the Tamil term for 10751:Dayananda Saraswati 10325:Nimbarka Sampradaya 10249:Buddhist philosophy 9698:. Vikalp Printers. 9677:. Vikalp Printers. 9277:Narula, S. (2006), 9088:Lal, Mohan (1992). 8900:, pp. 192–194. 8712:Anthropos Institute 8647:, pp. 321–344. 8635:, pp. 131–144. 8552:, pp. 131–144. 8544:Van Buitenen (1957) 8505:, pp. 215–227. 8484:, pp. 487–489. 8439:, pp. 181–191. 8427:, pp. 180–181. 8415:, pp. 178–180. 7916:, pp. 136–142. 7803:, pp. 430–432. 7791:, pp. 430–431. 7758:Van Buitenen (1957) 7484:Hermann Grassmann, 7331:. 13 December 2018. 7105:Van Buitenen (1957) 6547:Religion portal 6237:The 24 Tirthankaras 5929:dharma transmission 5880:schools of Buddhism 5799:Buddhist philosophy 5777:. The term Dharma ( 5731:Buddhism portal 5604:Buddhism by country 5366:Sanskrit literature 5049:Shatapatha Brahmana 4944:with no mention of 4904:" is the source of 4898:Sanskrit literature 4822:in two categories: 4737:various aspects of 4511:or inherent duties. 4398:Hinduism portal 4277:Hinduism by country 4113:Iraiyanar Akapporul 4057:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 3140:Dayananda Saraswati 3125:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 3031:Sripada Srivallabha 2971:Raghunatha Siromani 2936:Narasimha Saraswati 2836:Santadas Kathiababa 1908:Anumāṇa (inference) 953:text. According to 899:Eusebeia and dharma 825:occurs 63 times in 413:; has roots in the 265:Buddhist philosophy 10362:Pashupata Shaivism 10192:Pashupata Shaivism 9866:Essential Hinduism 8349:2004-09-22 at the 8139:, p. 112-113. 7672:Fordham Law Review 6938:The importance of 6936: 6878:moral text of the 6797: 6638:Acārya Amṛtacandra 6354:Agama (Śvetāmbara) 5935:Theravada Buddhism 5813:Buddha's teachings 5218:Buddhist modernism 5040:Dharma and poverty 4751:Klaus Klostermaier 4638:means of knowing. 4614:Dharma and Mimamsa 4292:Caribbean Shaktism 4011:Kanakadhara Stotra 3260:U. G. Krishnamurti 3240:Satyadhyana Tirtha 2831:Gangesha Upadhyaya 2489:Six Astika schools 1733:Ānanda (happiness) 1712:Anātman (non-self) 935: 485:Classical Sanskrit 381: 214:was in use in the 11275: 11274: 11127:Pratītyasamutpāda 10288: 10287: 10069:Indian philosophy 10002:978-81-208-3338-8 9983:The Tibet Journal 9856:978-0-631-21535-6 9786:Olivelle, Patrick 9705:978-81-903639-4-5 9684:978-81-903639-2-1 9586:978-0-19-539423-8 9454:978-0-304-33851-1 9426:Rites of Passages 9413:978-0-919812-15-4 9389:(22): 2759–2760. 9370:978-0-19-803037-9 9252:978-93-85471-70-4 9155:978-81-7017-346-5 9128:978-1-107-01736-8 9101:978-81-260-1221-3 9049:978-0-19-969930-8 9028:978-0-19-969930-8 9003:978-0-19-969930-8 8980:978-0-415-26605-5 8947:978-0-7914-3786-5 8884:978-0-19-925236-7 8857:978-1-135-21100-4 8673:978-90-04-15815-3 8641:, pp. 49–63. 8613:978-0-19-531405-2 8546:, pp. 38–39. 8340:978-0-06-166018-4 8252:, pp. 41–48. 8164:978-1-4959-4653-0 8152:Johnston, Charles 8041:978-0-7876-5015-5 8017:Van Buitenen 1957 8003:978-0-7876-5015-5 7984:, pp. 42–44. 7958:978-81-206-0369-1 7862:978-1-4443-4371-7 7661:978-0-7286-0032-4 7551:978-81-206-0369-1 7516:, pp. 34–45. 7494:978-81-208-1636-7 7423:Van Buitenen 1957 7306:, pp. 42–45. 7277:978-1-4058-8118-0 7250:Kalupahana, David 7141:978-0-9149-5581-8 6926:Dharma in symbols 6846:Sangam literature 6826:Guru Granth Sahib 6818: 6583: 6582: 6202:Micchami Dukkadam 6197:Bhaktamara Stotra 6126:Ethics of Jainism 5828:Four Noble Truths 5793:); the practice ( 5767: 5766: 5249:Four Noble Truths 4996:. These are: (1) 4828:(restraints) and 4434: 4433: 4285:Balinese Hinduism 3784:Markandeya Purana 3021:Satyanatha Tirtha 2976:Raghuttama Tirtha 2966:Raghavendra Swami 2806:Ramdas Kathiababa 1887:Sources of dharma 1753:Dama (temperance) 1748:Sama (equanimity) 1114: 587:Indian philosophy 515:, it is rendered 379:(3rd century BCE) 11335: 10781:Satyakama Jabala 10716:Akshapada Gotama 10666:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 10646:Vāchaspati Misra 10504:Nyayakusumanjali 10438:Bhagavata Purana 10395:Radical Humanism 10367:Shaiva Siddhanta 10136: 10135: 10108:Vedic philosophy 10062: 10055: 10048: 10039: 10038: 10006: 9978: 9977:. pp. 2–11. 9973:. Vol. IV. 9960: 9943: 9932: 9911: 9879: 9860: 9841: 9838:Tamil Literature 9832: 9803: 9781: 9763: 9738: 9709: 9688: 9667: 9648: 9619: 9590: 9571:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9566: 9535: 9516: 9487: 9458: 9439: 9417: 9398: 9374: 9353: 9332: 9307:(5–6): 449–489. 9282: 9275: 9269: 9263: 9257: 9256: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9223: 9217: 9216: 9178: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9058: 9052: 9037: 9031: 9016: 9010: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8961: 8952: 8951: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8810: 8801: 8800: 8764: 8758: 8747: 8738: 8735: 8729: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8707: 8701: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8676: 8661: 8650: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8570: 8564: 8561: 8555: 8538: 8532: 8531:(2) pp. 196–201. 8521: 8515: 8512: 8506: 8503:Hiltebeitel 2011 8500: 8485: 8479: 8470: 8464: 8453: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8389: 8388: 8381: 8375: 8364: 8353: 8329: 8323: 8321: 8313: 8307: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8259: 8253: 8247: 8236: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8173: 8167: 8149: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8052: 8026: 8020: 8014: 8005: 7991: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7970:Yale Law Journal 7966: 7960: 7944: 7938: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7867: 7866: 7846: 7840: 7822: 7813: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7769: 7763: 7740: 7734: 7722:, Germany (2011) 7710: 7704: 7698: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7639: 7633: 7614: 7608: 7581: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7496: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7449: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7393: 7384: 7383: 7355: 7349: 7342:Hiltebeitel 2011 7339: 7333: 7332: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7263: 7257: 7247: 7238: 7237: 7225: 7208: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7155: 7149: 7123: 7117: 7099: 7077: 7074:Sadharana dharma 7066:Sadharana-dharma 7062: 7056: 7017: 7011: 7002: 6823: 6817:romanized: 6816: 6814: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6746: 6738: 6732: 6724: 6716: 6708: 6700: 6690: 6682: 6660: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6602:Tattvartha Sutra 6595: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6545: 6544: 6482:Shravanabelagola 6389:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi 6361:Tattvartha Sutra 6005: 5982: 5981: 5978:Dharma (Jainism) 5759: 5752: 5745: 5729: 5728: 5456:Sublime abidings 5147: 5124: 5123: 4884: 4741:with metaphors. 4609: 4587: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4356:and Christianity 4326:Pilgrimage sites 4256:Reform movements 4134:Vinayagar Agaval 4085:Five Great Epics 4034:Tamil literature 3933:Sushruta Samhita 3728:Bhavishya Purana 3714:Brahmanda Purana 3665:Bhagavata Purana 3593:Other scriptures 3155:Mahavatar Babaji 2730:Satyakama Jabala 2401:Ganesh Chaturthi 2255:Rites of passage 1768:Shraddha (faith) 1186:Major traditions 1112: 1077: 1054: 1053: 1045: 591:Indian religions 575: 568: 567: 501: 468: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 377:Edicts of Ashoka 259:) refers to the 188:Indian religions 185: 184: 183: 177: 175:[dʱɐrmɐ] 172: 168: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 144: 141: 117: 102: 88: 76: 62: 49:Virtues such as 46: 11343: 11342: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11332: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11271: 11097:Parameshashakti 10805: 10741:Ramana Maharshi 10626:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 10604: 10570:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 10544:Tattvacintāmaṇi 10417:Abhinavabharati 10404: 10373: 10347:Sikh Philosophy 10335:Vishishtadvaita 10284: 10203: 10127: 10071: 10066: 10013: 10003: 9995:. Delhi: MLBD. 9953: 9950: 9948:Further reading 9900:10.2307/1396832 9876: 9857: 9821:10.2307/1397421 9800: 9727:10.2307/1398120 9706: 9685: 9664: 9637:10.2307/1396833 9587: 9532: 9505:10.2307/1396742 9455: 9436: 9414: 9371: 9291: 9286: 9285: 9276: 9272: 9264: 9260: 9253: 9239: 9235: 9224: 9220: 9179: 9175: 9167: 9163: 9156: 9140: 9136: 9129: 9113: 9109: 9102: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9059: 9055: 9038: 9034: 9017: 9013: 8992: 8988: 8981: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8932: 8928: 8920: 8916: 8908: 8904: 8896: 8892: 8885: 8869: 8865: 8858: 8842: 8838: 8830: 8826: 8811: 8804: 8765: 8761: 8748: 8741: 8736: 8732: 8723: 8719: 8708: 8704: 8692: 8688: 8683: 8679: 8662: 8653: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8600: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8558: 8539: 8535: 8522: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8501: 8488: 8480: 8473: 8465: 8456: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8435: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8411: 8407: 8399: 8392: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8365: 8356: 8351:Wayback Machine 8330: 8326: 8319: 8314: 8310: 8278: 8274: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8248: 8239: 8215: 8211: 8203: 8199: 8191: 8189: 8174: 8170: 8150: 8143: 8135: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8111: 8107: 8099: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8072: 8068: 8062:Sanatana dharma 8059: 8055: 8027: 8023: 8015: 8008: 7992: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7967: 7963: 7945: 7941: 7927:The Hindu World 7924: 7920: 7912: 7905: 7899:Etienne Lamotte 7897: 7893: 7885: 7870: 7863: 7847: 7843: 7825:Brereton (2004) 7823: 7816: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7770: 7766: 7741: 7737: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7692: 7684: 7680: 7640: 7636: 7615: 7611: 7582: 7571: 7563: 7559: 7536:(2008 revision) 7524: 7520: 7512: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7471: 7452: 7433: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7395: 7394: 7387: 7356: 7352: 7340: 7336: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7314: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7289: 7285: 7278: 7264: 7260: 7248: 7241: 7226: 7211: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7156: 7152: 7124: 7120: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7063: 7059: 7039:meant reality ( 7018: 7014: 7003: 6994: 6989: 6962: 6952:(the "wheel of 6928: 6848: 6842: 6789: 6783: 6675: 6669: 6661: 6655: 6632: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6579: 6539: 6532: 6531: 6497: 6496: 6487: 6486: 6454: 6453: 6444: 6443: 6419: 6418: 6409: 6408: 6334: 6333: 6331:Jain literature 6322: 6321: 6304: 6303: 6294: 6293: 6232: 6231: 6222: 6221: 6212:Ṇamōkāra mantra 6192: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6123: 6122: 6113: 6112: 6043: 6042: 5980: 5974: 5937: 5921: 5815: 5763: 5723: 5716: 5715: 5606: 5596: 5595: 5546: 5536: 5535: 5501: 5491: 5490: 5396: 5386: 5385: 5356:Mahayana Sutras 5336: 5326: 5325: 5266:Five Aggregates 5244: 5243: 5223: 5222: 5213:Later Buddhists 5178: 5120: 5114: 5083: 5077: 5042: 4924: 4916:Main articles: 4914: 4885: 4880: 4848: 4834:(observances). 4791: 4747: 4644: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4556:history section 4552: 4498:Sanātana Dharma 4430: 4392: 4390: 4371: 4370: 4364: 4334: 4300: 4279: 4271: 4261: 4260: 4223: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4036: 4004: 3926:Charaka Samhita 3905:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 3863:Shilpa Shastras 3842: 3795: 3679:Naradiya Purana 3651: 3646: 3621: 3595: 3554: 3418: 3350: 3334: 3303: 3295: 3285: 3284: 3230:Shirdi Sai Baba 3225:Sathya Sai Baba 3205:Ramana Maharshi 3109: 3076:Vadiraja Tirtha 3071:Vācaspati Miśra 2951:Srinivasacharya 2931:Narahari Tirtha 2911:Matsyendranatha 2896:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 2861:Jagannatha Dasa 2851:Haridasa Thakur 2765: 2644: 2636: 2626: 2625: 2581: 2542:Vishishtadvaita 2491: 2483: 2473: 2472: 2426:Makar Sankranti 2406:Vasant Panchami 2369:Maha Shivaratri 2353: 2257: 2166: 2100: 2069: 1950: 1941: 1933: 1932: 1897: 1791: 1728:Prajña (wisdom) 1724: 1701: 1665: 1639: 1608: 1577: 1575:Meaning of life 1562:God in Hinduism 1551: 1515: 1513:Supreme reality 1490:Subtle elements 1479: 1460: 1454: 1444: 1443: 1299: 1268: 1242: 1234: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1187: 1181: 1171: 1170: 1115: 1110:Hindu synthesis 1106: 1101: 1052: 1046: 1040: 974: 923:in Sanskrit as 911:is from Indian 901: 753: 718:The antonym of 709:varnasramdharma 583: 532:Mauryan Emperor 445:religious sense 392: 388: 341: 210:The concept of 179: 178: 170: 138: 134: 128: 127: 126: 125: 124: 118: 110: 109: 103: 94: 93: 92: 89: 81: 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10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10656:Gautama Buddha 10653: 10651:Uddalaka Aruni 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10602: 10597: 10590: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10566: 10565: 10564: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10538:Tarka-Sangraha 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10481:Mimamsa Sutras 10477: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10453: 10451:Buddhist texts 10448: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10420: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10296: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10213: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10179: 10174: 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8834:, p. 100. 8824: 8802: 8759: 8739: 8730: 8717: 8702: 8686: 8677: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8645:Goodwin (1955) 8642: 8636: 8619: 8612: 8594: 8582: 8565: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8547: 8533: 8516: 8507: 8486: 8471: 8454: 8441: 8429: 8417: 8405: 8390: 8376: 8354: 8324: 8316:Ingalls (1957) 8308: 8306: 8305: 8302: 8295: 8272: 8254: 8237: 8209: 8197: 8168: 8141: 8129: 8117: 8105: 8103:, p. 112. 8090: 8088:, p. 326. 8078: 8066: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8049:, "Chapter 3". 8044: 8021: 8006: 7986: 7974: 7961: 7939: 7937:, pp. 213–248. 7918: 7903: 7891: 7868: 7861: 7841: 7814: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7764: 7762: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7723: 7705: 7690: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7664: 7649: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7623: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7595: 7569: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7553:, pp. 510–512. 7539: 7538:, pp. 543–544; 7518: 7497: 7477: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7444:Widgery (1930) 7441: 7427: 7415: 7385: 7350: 7334: 7320: 7308: 7296: 7283: 7276: 7258: 7239: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7144: 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The ancient 6844:Main article: 6841: 6838: 6785:Main article: 6782: 6779: 6764:adharmāstikāya 6736:pudgalāstikāya 6668: 6663: 6653: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6498: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6455: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6399: 6396:Silappatikaram 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5976:Main article: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5958: 5936: 5933: 5920: 5917: 5897:is one of the 5841:The status of 5814: 5811: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5521:Pratyekabuddha 5518: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5476:Buddhist chant 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5334:Buddhist texts 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5149: 5148: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5113: 5110: 5085:The notion of 5079:Main article: 5076: 5075:Dharma and law 5073: 5041: 5038: 4913: 4910: 4878: 4847: 4844: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4746: 4743: 4648:Daniel Ingalls 4643: 4640: 4629:attributed to 4626:Mimamsa Sutras 4615: 4612: 4602: 4592:, as follows: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4532: 4529:stages of life 4525: 4518: 4512: 4509:stages of life 4505: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4421: 4414: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4362: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4229:Discrimination 4225: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4120:Abirami Antati 4116: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4046: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4005: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3968:Ramcharitmanas 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3919:Pramana Sutras 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3891:Mimamsa Sutras 3887: 3884:Samkhya Sutras 3880: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3849:Dharma Shastra 3844: 3843: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3501: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3483:Shvetashvatara 3479: 3472: 3465: 3458: 3455:Brihadaranyaka 3450: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3427: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3265:Upasni Maharaj 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3091:Vedanta Desika 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3011:Samarth Ramdas 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2961:Purandara Dasa 2958: 2953: 2948: 2946:Nimbarkacharya 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2866:Jayanta Bhatta 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2531: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2396:Raksha Bandhan 2393: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2278:Simantonnayana 2275: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2227:Carnatic music 2224: 2219: 2214: 2212:Bhagavata Mela 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2156:Kundalini yoga 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1606:Stages of life 1604: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1567:God and gender 1564: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1500:Gross elements 1497: 1492: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1301: 1300: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156:Itihasa-Purana 1147: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1079: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1051: 1048: 1038: 973: 970: 900: 897: 877:Zoroastrianism 833:, and once as 752: 749: 582: 579: 489:Vedic Sanskrit 434:Vedic Sanskrit 420:, which means 340: 337: 196:untranslatable 194:is held as an 119: 112: 111: 107:stages of life 104: 97: 96: 95: 90: 83: 82: 78: 71: 70: 69: 64: 57: 56: 53:(non-violence) 48: 41: 40: 39: 35: 34: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11340: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11102:Parinama-vada 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10808: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10726:Padmasambhāva 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10631:Maṇḍana Miśra 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10621:Abhinavagupta 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10595: 10594:Yoga Vasistha 10591: 10589: 10588: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10552: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10487:All 108 texts 10485: 10484: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10458: 10457:Dharmashastra 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10446: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10435: 10433: 10432: 10431:Bhagavad Gita 10428: 10426: 10425: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10385:Integral yoga 10383: 10382: 10380: 10376: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10330:Shuddhadvaita 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10291: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10250: 10247: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10206: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10063: 10058: 10056: 10051: 10049: 10044: 10043: 10040: 10033: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10004: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9941: 9940: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9875:0-275-99006-0 9871: 9867: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9848: 9843: 9839: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9805: 9801: 9799:0-19-283882-2 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9690: 9686: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9669: 9665: 9663:9780826440273 9659: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9578: 9577: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9523: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9450: 9446: 9441: 9437: 9435:1-85567-102-6 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9280: 9274: 9268:, p. 70. 9267: 9262: 9254: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9229: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9184: 9177: 9171:, p. 75. 9170: 9165: 9157: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9138: 9130: 9124: 9120: 9119: 9111: 9103: 9097: 9093: 9092: 9084: 9076: 9074:90-04-03591-5 9070: 9066: 9065: 9057: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8982: 8976: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8960: 8958: 8949: 8943: 8939: 8938: 8930: 8924:, p. 22. 8923: 8918: 8911: 8906: 8899: 8894: 8886: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8867: 8859: 8853: 8849: 8848: 8840: 8833: 8828: 8820: 8818: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8752: 8746: 8744: 8734: 8727: 8721: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8695: 8690: 8681: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8646: 8643: 8640: 8639:Potter (1958) 8637: 8634: 8633:Koller (1972) 8631: 8630: 8626: 8624: 8615: 8609: 8605: 8598: 8591: 8586: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8560: 8551: 8550:Koller (1972) 8548: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8526: 8520: 8511: 8504: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8483: 8478: 8476: 8468: 8467:Olivelle 1999 8463: 8461: 8459: 8450:(in Sanskrit) 8445: 8438: 8433: 8426: 8421: 8414: 8409: 8402: 8397: 8395: 8386: 8380: 8373: 8372:0-88706-807-3 8369: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8332:Smith, Huston 8328: 8317: 8312: 8303: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8292:81-208-0638-7 8289: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8268: 8264: 8258: 8251: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8226:9780226252506 8223: 8219: 8213: 8207:, p. 43. 8206: 8201: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8172: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8148: 8146: 8138: 8133: 8127:, p. 12. 8126: 8121: 8114: 8109: 8102: 8097: 8095: 8087: 8086:Fritzman 2015 8082: 8076:, p. 50. 8075: 8070: 8063: 8057: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8025: 8018: 8013: 8011: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7990: 7983: 7978: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7948: 7943: 7936: 7935:0-415-21527-7 7932: 7928: 7922: 7915: 7910: 7908: 7900: 7895: 7888: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7845: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7821: 7819: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7785: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7760:, p. 37. 7759: 7756: 7753: 7752:Coward (2004) 7750: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7702: 7697: 7695: 7688:, p. 58. 7687: 7682: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7621: 7620:Bowker (2018) 7618: 7617: 7613: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7567:, p. 57. 7566: 7561: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7474: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7445: 7442: 7439: 7438:Rocher (2003) 7436: 7435: 7431: 7425:, p. 36. 7424: 7419: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7330: 7324: 7317: 7316:Brereton 2004 7312: 7305: 7300: 7293: 7287: 7279: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7244: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7172: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7145: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7009: 7008: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6992: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6944:Ashoka Chakra 6941: 6932: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6900:), and kama ( 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6822: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6793: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6771: 6770:dharmāstikāya 6765: 6759: 6758:dharmāstikāya 6753: 6752: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6723: 6722: 6715: 6714: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6694: 6686: 6681: 6680:dharmāstikāya 6674: 6667: 6666:Dharmāstikāya 6658: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6639: 6629: 6613: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6588: 6576: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6448: 6447: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6413: 6412: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6297: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6279:Samantabhadra 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6230:Major figures 6226: 6225: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6207:Navkar Mantra 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6186: 6185: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6143:Satya (truth) 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6127: 6117: 6116: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5925:Chan Buddhism 5919:Chan Buddhism 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5849:" (Sanskrit: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5803:dhamma/dharma 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5540: 5539: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5487: 5486:Vegetarianism 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5441:Recollections 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5411:Five precepts 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5376:Chinese canon 5374: 5372: 5371:Tibetan canon 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5096:Dharmashastra 5093: 5088: 5082: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4852: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4749:According to 4742: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4683: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4649: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4520:Āpad dharma, 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4489:In Hinduism, 4487: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4415: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4389: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4299:Hindu culture 4297: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251:Organisations 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3975:Yoga Vasistha 3972: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3940:Natya Shastra 3937: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3877:Brahma Sutras 3874: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3823:Sthapatyaveda 3820: 3818: 3817: 3816:Gandharvaveda 3813: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3777:Varaha Purana 3774: 3772: 3771: 3770:Skanda Purana 3767: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3707:Brahma Purana 3704: 3702: 3701: 3700:Garuda Purana 3697: 3695: 3694: 3693:Matsya Purana 3690: 3688: 3687: 3686:Vāmana Purana 3683: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3658:Vishnu Purana 3655: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3602:Bhagavad Gita 3599: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3185:Radhakrishnan 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3165:Narayana Guru 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3145:Jaggi Vasudev 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135:Chinmayananda 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2996:Ramprasad Sen 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2846:Gorakshanatha 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2786:Allama Prabhu 2784: 2782: 2781:Akka Mahadevi 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2771:Abhinavagupta 2769: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2720:Prashastapada 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2580:Other schools 2578: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2558: 2557: 2556:Shuddhadvaita 2553: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2477: 2476: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237:Kalaripayattu 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2172:Bharatanatyam 2170: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2051:Nritta-Nritya 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1043: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1012:Day proposes 1010: 1008: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 969: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:Emperor Asoka 932: 928: 927: 922: 918: 914: 913:Emperor Asoka 910: 905: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 873: 867: 865: 861: 858: 854: 850: 849:Indo-European 846: 844: 841:and twice as 840: 837:, 4 times as 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763: 758: 755:According to 748: 746: 742: 739:In Buddhism, 737: 735: 731: 727: 726: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 636:", "order", " 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 578: 576: 574: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545: 540: 536: 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 500: 494: 490: 487:, and in the 486: 481: 479: 478: 473: 469: 467: 461: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 416: 410: 386: 378: 374: 370: 369:Brahmi script 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 336: 334: 330: 329: 324: 321:), and kama ( 320: 316: 312: 311: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 281: 276: 272: 271: 270:dhamma/dharma 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 230: 225: 221: 217: 213: 208: 206: 202: 197: 193: 189: 182: 176: 167: 162: 156: 132: 123: 116: 108: 105:Sannyasa and 101: 87: 75: 61: 52: 45: 29: 22: 11303:Buddhist law 11202:Iccha-mrityu 11167:Satkaryavada 11067:Nididhyasana 11052:Matsya Nyaya 10971: 10786:Madhvacharya 10616:Adi Shankara 10609:Philosophers 10592: 10585: 10568: 10549: 10542: 10533:Shiva Sutras 10523:Sangam texts 10515: 10508: 10499:Nyāya Sūtras 10479: 10472: 10455: 10445:Brahma Sutra 10444: 10436: 10429: 10424:Arthashastra 10422: 10415: 10357:Pratyabhijna 10237:Anekantavada 9991: 9982: 9969: 9955: 9938: 9920: 9916: 9891: 9887: 9865: 9846: 9837: 9812: 9808: 9789: 9751: 9747: 9718: 9714: 9694: 9673: 9653: 9628: 9624: 9599: 9595: 9575: 9546: 9540: 9521: 9496: 9492: 9467: 9463: 9444: 9425: 9422:Flood, Gavin 9403: 9386: 9382: 9359: 9344:(2): 43–61. 9341: 9337: 9304: 9300: 9278: 9273: 9261: 9242: 9236: 9227: 9221: 9192: 9186: 9176: 9164: 9144: 9137: 9117: 9110: 9090: 9083: 9063: 9056: 9040: 9035: 9019: 9014: 8994: 8989: 8969: 8936: 8929: 8917: 8905: 8893: 8873: 8866: 8846: 8839: 8827: 8816: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8754: 8733: 8725: 8720: 8711: 8705: 8697: 8689: 8680: 8664: 8603: 8597: 8590:Widgery 1930 8585: 8576:, New York: 8573: 8568: 8559: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8519: 8510: 8444: 8432: 8420: 8408: 8384: 8379: 8327: 8311: 8298: 8275: 8257: 8250:Ingalls 1957 8212: 8205:Ingalls 1957 8200: 8190:, retrieved 8181: 8171: 8155: 8132: 8120: 8115:, p. 8. 8108: 8081: 8069: 8056: 8047:Rosen (2006) 8032: 8024: 7994: 7989: 7977: 7969: 7964: 7949: 7942: 7926: 7921: 7894: 7851: 7844: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7808: 7796: 7784: 7767: 7746:Flood (1998) 7738: 7728: 7719: 7708: 7681: 7671: 7652: 7645: 7637: 7625: 7612: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7587: 7560: 7542: 7533: 7521: 7485: 7480: 7430: 7418: 7408:14 September 7406:. Retrieved 7400: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7337: 7323: 7311: 7299: 7291: 7286: 7267: 7261: 7253: 7233: 7198: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7158: 7153: 7132: 7121: 7111: 7097: 7073: 7065: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7005: 6953: 6949:dharmachakra 6947: 6939: 6937: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6849: 6829: 6804: 6798: 6689:धर्मास्तिकाय 6676: 6665: 6656: 6650: 6627: 6600: 6598: 6586: 6584: 6517:Jain symbols 6401: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6256: 6217:Jai Jinendra 6190:Jain prayers 6164: 6130: 6078:Kevala Jnana 6048:Anekantavada 5964: 5954: 5945: 5938: 5922: 5907: 5899:Three Jewels 5894: 5892: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5868: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5847:three realms 5842: 5840: 5835: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5802: 5794: 5790: 5770: 5768: 5436:Merit making 5401:Three Jewels 5341:Buddhavacana 5271:Impermanence 5259:Dharma wheel 5233: 5121: 5104: 5099: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5067: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5033: 5016: 5014: 4993: 4990:four āśramas 4987: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4927: 4925: 4905: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4873: 4872:and what is 4869: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4850: 4849: 4840: 4836: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4798:of Patanjali 4795: 4792: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4718:Yudhishthira 4705: 4702:Yudhishthira 4693: 4689: 4684: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4642:In the Epics 4634: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4597: 4595: 4575: 4571: 4559: 4553: 4538: 4521: 4501: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4436: 4435: 4358: / 4354: / 4350: / 4346: / 4344:and Buddhism 4342: / 4306:Architecture 4269:Other topics 4207: 4190: 4162:Four varnas: 4161: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4023: 4016: 4009: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3947:Panchatantra 3945: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3898:Nyāya Sūtras 3896: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3856:Artha Śastra 3854: 3847: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3763:Kūrma Purana 3761: 3756:Linga Purana 3754: 3749:Shiva Purana 3747: 3740: 3735:Padma Purana 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3633: 3626: 3611:s (Hinduism) 3608: 3600: 3541: 3534: 3527: 3521:Atharvaveda: 3520: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3437: 3430: 3423: 3385: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3235:Shraddhanand 3210:Ravi Shankar 3190:R. D. Ranade 3051:Śyāma Śastri 3046:Swaminarayan 3006:Rupa Goswami 2916:Morya Gosavi 2876:Jiva Goswami 2776:Adi Shankara 2602:Pratyabhijña 2568: 2561: 2554: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2333:Samavartanam 2313:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 2298:Annaprashana 2222:Dandiya Raas 2197:Mohiniyattam 2090:Nididhyāsana 1895:Epistemology 1827:Brahmacharya 1707:Ātman (self) 1670: 1614:Brahmacharya 1582: 1543:Saccidānanda 1495:Panchikarana 1371: 1304: 1295: / 1291:Other major 1215: 1149: 1148: 1103: 1035: 1032:are linked: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1006: 1002: 985: 981: 977: 975: 963: 936: 930: 924: 920: 880: 870: 868: 864:Indo-Iranian 859: 852: 847: 842: 838: 834: 831:satyadharman 830: 822: 816: 812: 788: 774: 766: 760: 759:, author of 754: 740: 738: 733: 729: 723: 719: 717: 712: 708: 704: 699: 679: 675: 673: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 650: 641: 621: 619: 614: 610: 584: 570: 559:he used the 542: 538: 529: 524: 516: 507:: धर्म). In 496: 482: 475: 463: 459: 453: 440: 436: 429: 425: 421: 417: 384: 382: 352: 332: 326: 322: 318: 314: 308: 300: 298: 293: 279: 268: 248: 242: 233: 227: 223: 211: 209: 200: 191: 130: 129: 11323:Natural law 11308:Puruṣārthas 11247:Vivartavada 11137:Rājamaṇḍala 11092:Paramananda 10892:Apauruṣheyā 10887:Anupalabdhi 10746:Vivekananda 10711:Dharmakirti 10671:Buddhaghosa 10661:Yājñavalkya 10468:Jain Agamas 10463:Hindu texts 10342:Navya-Nyāya 10278:Svatantrika 10273:Sautrāntika 10162:Vaisheshika 9868:. Praeger. 8965:Paul Dundas 8773:Mizuko Kuyo 8726:Ratio Juris 8482:Hacker 2006 8469:, p. . 8403:, p. . 8137:Grimes 1996 8125:Grimes 1996 8101:Grimes 1996 8074:Conlon 1994 7914:Koller 1972 7887:Hacker 2006 7801:Horsch 2004 7789:Horsch 2004 7718:"adharma", 7686:Jacobs 2010 7663:, pp. 80–95 7565:Jacobs 2010 7473:Horsch 2004 7344:, pp. 7183:Coward 2004 7101:see below: 6803:, the word 6775:metaphysics 6725:(non-soul, 6693:ontological 6612:daśa dharma 6609:, mentions 6527:Topics list 6452:Pilgrimages 6403:Valayapathi 6302:Major sects 6289:Yashovijaya 6093:Brahmacarya 5856:bhavachakra 5671:New Zealand 5526:Bodhisattva 5511:Four Stages 5466:Monasticism 5446:Mindfulness 5416:Perfections 5346:Early Texts 4998:brahmacārya 4894:Paul Hacker 4814:, suggests 4810:is part of 4796:Yoga Sutras 4687:Mahabharata 4562:concept in 4535:Yuga dharma 4470:, conduct, 4352:and Judaism 4348:and Sikhism 4316:Iconography 4241:Nationalism 4234:Persecution 4018:Shiva Stuti 3912:Yoga Sutras 3742:Agni Purana 3644:Other texts 3635:Mahabharata 3378:Atharvaveda 3275:Vivekananda 3200:Rama Tirtha 3195:Ramakrishna 3170:Nigamananda 3160:Mahesh Yogi 3036:Sripadaraja 3026:Siddheshwar 2921:Mukundarāja 2901:Madhusūdana 2891:Kanaka Dasa 2811:Chakradhara 2755:Yajnavalkya 2745:Vishvamitra 2614:Pancharatra 2512:Vaisheshika 2468:Ratha Yatra 2416:Janmashtami 2411:Rama Navami 2328:Ritushuddhi 2303:Chudakarana 2293:Nishkramana 2263:Garbhadhana 2232:Pandav Lila 2141:Bhakti yoga 2026:Prāyaścitta 1797:Niti śastra 1645:Bhakti yoga 1624:Vānaprastha 1439:Vishvakarma 1372:Post-Vedic: 1208:Vaishnavism 1150:Traditional 955:Paul Hacker 917:Afghanistan 891:, Sumerian 887:, Egyptian 807:Atharvaveda 765:, the word 732:, the word 537:translated 493:Atharvaveda 286:Tirthankara 11282:Categories 11197:Svātantrya 11087:Paramatman 11042:Kshetrajna 11017:Ishvaratva 10957:Cittabhumi 10952:Chidabhasa 10902:Asiddhatva 10822:Abhasavada 10796:Guru Nanak 10731:Vasubandhu 10557:Upanishads 10551:Tirukkuṟaḷ 10510:Panchadasi 10315:Bhedabheda 10263:Madhyamaka 10103:Monotheism 9531:0791430677 8783:(2): 477. 8694:Gonda, Jan 8437:Woods 1914 8425:Woods 1914 8413:Woods 1914 8401:Woods 1914 8228:. p. 124. 8192:2024-04-11 8178:"Kumārila" 8031:"Dharma", 7993:"Dharma", 7514:Rosen 2006 7366:(3): 351. 7171:Flood 1994 7084:References 6971:Dhammapada 6896:), artha ( 6881:Tirukkuṟaḷ 6739:), space ( 6605:, a major 6439:Samvatsari 6434:Paryushana 6317:Śvetāmbara 6284:Haribhadra 6274:Siddhasena 6269:Kundakunda 6177:Sallekhana 6103:Gunasthana 6098:Aparigraha 6040:Philosophy 5787:the Buddha 5544:Traditions 5481:Pilgrimage 5421:Meditation 5381:Post-canon 5361:Pāli Canon 5291:Middle Way 5188:The Buddha 5116:See also: 5006:vānprastha 4933:Manusmriti 4922:Puruṣārtha 4757:explained 4755:Vātsyāyana 4635:Mimamsakas 4568:Upanishads 4192:Varna-less 4064:Tiruppukal 4025:Vayu Stuti 3989:Panchadasi 3982:Swara yoga 3870:Kama Sutra 3809:Dhanurveda 3469:Taittiriya 3447:Yajurveda: 3439:Kaushitaki 3416:Upanishads 3408:Upanishads 3332:Scriptures 3180:Prabhupada 3096:Vidyaranya 2981:Ram Charan 2956:Prabhākara 2871:Jayatīrtha 2821:Dadu Dayal 2816:Chāngadeva 2675:Bharadwaja 2665:Ashtavakra 2431:Kumbh Mela 2379:Durga Puja 2308:Karnavedha 2288:Nāmakaraṇa 2217:Yakshagana 2146:Karma yoga 2136:Jnana yoga 2131:Hatha yoga 2068:Meditation 2041:Tirthadana 1822:Aparigraha 1678:Paramātman 1663:Liberation 1655:Karma yoga 1650:Jnana yoga 1379:Dattatreya 1179:Traditions 1104:Historical 857:Indo-Aryan 835:dharmavant 745:the Buddha 688:Upanishads 581:Definition 519:. In some 505:Devanagari 426:to support 317:), artha ( 310:Tirukkuṟaḷ 282:in Jainism 238:Puruṣārtha 171:pronounced 11298:Hindu law 11057:Mithyatva 10947:Chaitanya 10942:Catuṣkoṭi 10907:Asatkalpa 10882:Anavastha 10857:Aishvarya 10776:Sakayanya 10771:Sadananda 10736:Gaudapada 10721:Nagarjuna 10676:Patañjali 10492:Principal 10474:Kamasutra 10268:Yogachara 10187:Raseśvara 9967:(1955) . 9849:. Wiley. 9778:234164343 9770:2331-1886 9484:146705129 9329:170807380 9321:0022-1791 9213:144101632 8970:The Jains 8922:Jain 2012 8910:Jain 2011 8898:Cort 2001 8832:Cort 2001 7726:"adharma" 7380:1467-9795 7089:Citations 7004:From the 6966:Ayyavazhi 6912:Naladiyar 6828:connotes 6747:), time ( 6677:The term 6607:Jain text 6585:The word 6512:Jain flag 6502:Ekendriya 6477:Shikharji 6417:Festivals 6312:Digambara 6264:Ganadhara 6053:Cosmology 5951:Pariyatti 5946:In Pali: 5941:Theravada 5807:phenomena 5795:paṭipatti 5791:pariyatti 5691:Sri Lanka 5681:Singapore 5636:Indonesia 5576:Vajrayāna 5551:Theravāda 5506:Awakening 5394:Practices 5351:Tripiṭaka 5321:Cosmology 5296:Emptiness 5276:Suffering 5081:Hindu law 4952:). Other 4902:atmatusti 4816:Patanjali 4608:, 1.4.xiv 4515:Svadharma 4366:Criticism 4360:and Islam 4321:Mythology 4174:Kshatriya 4106:Athichudi 4043:Tirumurai 3961:Tirumurai 3570:Vyākaraṇa 3506:Chandogya 3498:Samaveda: 3386:Divisions 3364:Yajurveda 3324:Ātmatuṣṭi 3280:Yogananda 3255:Trailanga 3250:Sivananda 3115:Aurobindo 3101:Vyasaraja 3066:Tyagaraja 3016:Sankardev 2986:Ramananda 2881:Jñāneśvar 2856:Harivansh 2841:Gaudapada 2801:Chaitanya 2740:Vashistha 2710:Patanjali 2690:Jamadagni 2609:Vaishnava 2597:Pashupata 2374:Navaratri 2351:Festivals 2318:Upanayana 2283:Jatakarma 2268:Pumsavana 2187:Kuchipudi 2182:Kathakali 2151:Rāja yoga 2085:Samādhāna 1966:Prarthana 1940:Practices 1867:Svādhyāya 1471:Mythology 1466:Cosmology 1459:Worldview 1404:Kartikeya 1335:Prajapati 1274:Saraswati 793:, mainly 555:. In the 383:The word 367:) in the 363:: Dharma 339:Etymology 275:phenomena 11222:Tanmatra 11217:Tajjalan 11207:Syādvāda 11107:Pradhana 11082:Padārtha 11047:Lakshana 10992:Ekagrata 10837:Adrishta 10832:Adarsana 10810:Concepts 10791:Mahavira 10756:Ramanuja 10706:Chanakya 10641:Avatsara 10636:Valluvar 10576:Vedangas 10390:Gandhism 10293:Medieval 10242:Syādvāda 10227:Charvaka 10199:Pāṇiniya 10093:Idealism 9788:(1999). 9616:23497148 9573:(2011). 9563:23497312 8967:(2003). 8797:30673995 8347:Archived 8267:Archived 8234:59170383 8186:archived 7982:Day 1982 7529:"Dharma" 7397:"dharma" 7304:Day 1982 7230:"Dharma" 7131:(2009), 6960:See also 6685:Sanskrit 6654:— 6647:writes: 6596:(holy). 6467:Palitana 6252:Mahavira 6242:Rishabha 6172:Sāmāyika 6023:Timeline 5987:a series 5985:Part of 5851:tridhatu 5830:and the 5701:Thailand 5661:Mongolia 5656:Malaysia 5621:Cambodia 5586:Navayana 5566:Hinayana 5561:Mahāyāna 5471:Lay life 5301:Morality 5281:Not-self 5239:Concepts 5198:Councils 5183:Timeline 5155:Glossary 5137:Buddhism 5129:a series 5127:Part of 5112:Buddhism 5010:sannyāsa 5002:gṛhastha 4879:— 4857:states: 4710:Ramayana 4690:, dharma 4679:Lakshman 4655:Ramayana 4603:— 4582:Sanskrit 4441:Hinduism 4379:Glossary 4311:Calendar 4246:Hindutva 4169:Brahmana 3840:samhitas 3832:Shastras 3802:Ayurveda 3793:Upavedas 3628:Ramayana 3619:Itihasas 3585:Jyotisha 3552:Vedangas 3536:Mandukya 3432:Aitareya 3424:Rigveda: 3403:Aranyaka 3398:Brahmana 3371:Samaveda 3086:Valluvar 3081:Vallabha 3061:Tulsidas 2991:Ramanuja 2941:Nayanars 2926:Namadeva 2763:Medieval 2705:Kashyapa 2621:Charvaka 2592:Kapalika 2456:Puthandu 2446:Vaisakhi 2343:Antyesti 2323:Keshanta 2247:Adimurai 2242:Silambam 2207:Sattriya 2192:Manipuri 1877:Mitahara 1857:Santosha 1817:Achourya 1629:Sannyasa 1619:Gṛhastha 1478:Ontology 1452:Concepts 1240:Trimurti 1203:Smartism 1198:Shaktism 1193:Shaivism 1067:Hinduism 1059:a series 1057:Part of 1050:Hinduism 1039:— 959:eusebeia 926:eusebeia 843:dhariman 827:Rig-veda 819:Hinduism 694:and the 669:sanatana 646:loanword 599:Buddhism 595:Hinduism 551:and the 544:eusebeia 466:dhárman- 441:dharman- 415:Sanskrit 361:Sanskrit 353:dha-ṃ-ma 245:Buddhism 220:Hinduism 161:Sanskrit 122:teachers 11267:More... 11237:Upekkhā 11232:Uparati 11212:Taijasa 11187:Śūnyatā 11157:Saṃsāra 11152:Samadhi 11117:Prakṛti 11072:Nirvāṇa 11022:Jivatva 11012:Ikshana 10967:Devatas 10937:Bhumika 10927:Brahman 10917:Avyakta 10862:Akrodha 10842:Advaita 10801:More... 10696:Jaimini 10600:More... 10310:Advaita 10300:Vedanta 10258:Śūnyatā 10217:Ājīvika 10209:Nāstika 10177:Vedanta 10172:Mīmāṃsā 10152:Samkhya 10132:Ancient 10088:Atomism 10083:Atheism 9908:1396832 9829:1397421 9735:1398120 9645:1396833 9513:1396742 9289:Sources 9199:: 453. 7837:dhárman 7829:dhárman 7630:, 2007. 7252:(1986) 6809:Punjabi 6795:Sikhism 6787:Sikhism 6781:Sikhism 6729:anātman 6709:(soul, 6620: 6593:mangala 6507:Temples 6258:Arihant 6108:Saṃsāra 6018:History 5995:Jainism 5972:Jainism 5865:essence 5863:as the 5711:Vietnam 5666:Myanmar 5581:Tibetan 5571:Chinese 5499:Nirvāṇa 5316:Saṃsāra 5311:Rebirth 5176:History 5165:Outline 4967:asramas 4874:Adharma 4866:Adharma 4846:Sources 4831:niyamas 4793:In the 4722:deities 4685:In the 4631:Jaimini 4620:Mimamsa 4472:virtues 4384:Outline 4179:Vaishya 4147:Society 3998:Stotras 3649:Puranas 3575:Nirukta 3565:Chandas 3560:Shiksha 3543:Prashna 3529:Mundaka 3393:Samhita 3357:Rigveda 3220:Samarth 3056:Tukaram 3001:Ravidas 2735:Valmiki 2685:Jaimini 2655:Angiras 2650:Agastya 2642:Ancient 2528:Advaita 2522:Vedanta 2517:Mīmāṃsā 2497:Samkhya 2384:Ramlila 2126:Sādhanā 2016:Tarpana 2001:Kīrtana 1996:Bhajana 1947:Worship 1872:Shaucha 1847:Akrodha 1693:Saṃsāra 1557:Ishvara 1526:Nirguna 1521:Brahman 1485:Tattvas 1409:Krishna 1394:Hanuman 1389:Ganesha 1325:Chandra 1320:Ashvins 1284:Parvati 1279:Lakshmi 1266:Tridevi 1232:Deities 1139:Śramaṇa 1119:History 1100:Origins 1090:History 1022:Rigveda 966:deities 951:Aramaic 860:dhárman 839:dharman 823:Dharman 803:deities 791:Deities 783:Brahman 779:Rigveda 771:Rigveda 751:History 734:adharma 725:adharma 692:Puranas 607:Jainism 603:Sikhism 561:Aramaic 509:Prakrit 499:dhárma- 491:of the 472:deities 462:-stem, 456:Rigveda 454:In the 422:to hold 375:in his 349:Prakrit 290:Sikhism 205:adharma 11242:Utsaha 11192:Sutram 11182:Sthiti 11177:Sphoṭa 11147:Sakshi 11132:Puruṣa 11112:Prajna 11077:Niyama 11037:Kasaya 10982:Dravya 10972:Dharma 10932:Bhuman 10922:Bhrama 10877:Ananta 10872:Anatta 10867:Aksara 10852:Ahimsa 10827:Abheda 10817:Abhava 10766:Raikva 10686:Kapila 10681:Kanada 10378:Modern 10352:Shaiva 10320:Dvaita 10222:Ajñana 10182:Shaiva 10140:Āstika 10123:Moksha 10076:Topics 9999: 9906: 9872: 9853: 9827: 9796: 9776: 9768: 9733: 9702: 9681: 9660: 9643: 9614: 9583: 9561: 9528: 9511: 9482: 9451: 9432: 9410: 9367: 9327: 9319: 9249: 9211: 9152: 9125: 9098: 9071: 9047: 9026: 9001: 8977: 8944: 8881: 8854: 8817:Dhamma 8795: 8769:Dharma 8751:dhamma 8671: 8610: 8370: 8338: 8290: 8232: 8224: 8162: 8039: 8001: 7956: 7947:"Māyā" 7933: 7859: 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