Buddhist modernism

1970:

any serious seeker looking for a way beyond suffering. When, however, these seekers encounter the doctrine of rebirth, they often balk, convinced it just doesn't make sense. At this point, they suspect that the teaching has swerved off course, tumbling from the grand highway of reason into wistfulness and speculation. Even modernist interpreters of Buddhism seem to have trouble taking the rebirth teaching seriously. Some dismiss it as just a piece of cultural baggage, "ancient Indian metaphysics," that the Buddha retained in deference to the world view of his age. Others interpret it as a metaphor for the change of mental states, with the realms of rebirth seen as symbols for psychological archetypes. A few critics even question the authenticity of the texts on rebirth, arguing that they must be interpolations.

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for scientific and technological advancement." The Japanese government dedicated itself to the eradication of the tradition, which was seen as foreign, incapable of fostering the sentiments that would be vital for national, ideological cohesion. In addition to this, industrialization had taken its toll on the Buddhist establishment as well, leading to the breakdown of the parishioner system that had funded monasteries for centuries. In response to this seemingly intractable state of turmoil, a group of modern Buddhist leaders emerged to argue for the Buddhist cause. These leaders stood in agreement with the government persecution of Buddhism, stating that Buddhist institutions were indeed corrupted and in need of revitalization.

1406:

de-emphasized or denied ritual elements, cosmology, gods, icons, rebirth, karma, monasticism, clerical hierarchy and other Buddhist concepts. Instead, modernistic Buddhism has emphasized interior exploration, satisfaction in the current life, and themes such as cosmic interdependence. Some advocates of Buddhist modernism claim their new interpretations to be original teachings of the Buddha, and state that the core doctrines and traditional practices found in Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism are extraneous accretions that were interpolated and introduced after Buddha died. According to McMahan, Buddhism of the form found in the West today has been deeply influenced by this modernism.

1495:, Japanese Zen still flourishes as a monastic tradition. The Zen tradition in Japan, aside from the New Buddhism style of it, required a great deal of time and discipline from monks that laity would have difficulty finding. Zen monks were often expected to have spent several years in intensive doctrinal study, memorizing sutras and poring over commentaries, before even entering the monastery to undergo koan practice in sanzen with the roshi. The fact that Suzuki himself was able to do so as a layman was largely a result of New Buddhism. 1701:– a professor of Religious Studies with a focus on Buddhism, Neo-Buddhism in the forms found in the West is a modernist restatement, a form of spiritual response to anxieties of individuals and the modern world that is not grounded in its ancient ideas, but "a sort of impersonal flavorless or odorless spirituality". It is a re-adaptation, a kind of Buddhism "a la carte", that understands the needs and then is reformulated to fill a void in the West, rather than reflect the ancient canons and secondary literature of Buddhism. 3051:, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1, (1988), pp. 93-121, "(...) the new literature of the Mahars and their making of the Ambedkar deity for their new religion, Neo-Buddhism. (...) Song five is clearly representative of the Mahar community's respect and devotion for Ambedkar. He has become their God and they worship him as the singer sings: "We worship Bhima, too." (...) In the last song, Dr. Ambedkar is raised from a deity to a supreme deity. He is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient." 43: 1446:. Bechert regarded Buddhist modernism as "modern Buddhist revivalism" in postcolonial societies like Sri Lanka. He identified several characteristics of Buddhist modernism: new interpretations of early Buddhist teachings, de-mythologisation and reinterpretation of Buddhism as "scientific religion", social philosophy or "philosophy of optimism", emphasis on equality and democracy, "activism" and social engagement, support of Buddhist nationalism, and the revival of meditation practice. 1506:('New Buddhism'). The leaders themselves were university-educated intellectuals who had been exposed to a vast body of Western intellectual literature. The fact that what was presented to the West as Japanese Zen would be so commensurate with the Enlightenment critique of "superstitious," institutional, or ritual-based religion is due to this fact, as such ideals directly informed the creation of this new tradition. This reformulation work has roots in the writings of 631: 9944: 6678: 6689: 4087: 4074: 1212: 4064: 1826:

writing most often in English", which he claims is rooted neither in geography nor in traditional schools but is the modern aspect of a variety of Buddhist schools in different locations. Moreover, he suggests that they have their own cosmopolitan lineage and canonical "scriptures," mainly the works of popular and semischolarly authors—figures from the formative years of modern Buddhism, including

1926:

aspects of such concepts as rebirth and nibbana, and of course very few of their students are celibate monks. Their focus is mainly on meditation practice and a kind of down-to-earth psychological wisdom. "As a result," one respected Vipassana teacher writes, "many more Americans of European descent refer to themselves as Vipassana students rather than as students of Theravada Buddhism."

1417:", in that they are often presented in such a way that occludes their historical construction. Instead, Buddhist modernist traditions often employ an essentialized description of their tradition, where key tenets are reformulated in universal terms, and the modernistic practices significantly differ from Asian Buddhist communities with centuries-old traditions. 1973:

speak about rebirth into the five realms — the hells, the animal world, the spirit realm, the human world, and the heavens — they never hint that these terms are meant symbolically. To the contrary, they even say that rebirth occurs "with the breakup of the body, after death," which clearly implies they intend the idea of rebirth to be taken quite literally."

1986:

concerning what a person is, and why that makes rebirth impossible — and subject them to this sort of examination, there's something lacking in your path. You'll remain entangled in the questions of inappropriate attention, which will prevent you from actually identifying and abandoning the causes of suffering and achieving the full results of the practice.

3141:, Quote: "In addition to a restatement of the Four Noble Truths and the Five Precepts for lay Buddhists, the fourteen propositions included: an affirmation of religious tolerance and of the evolution of the universe, a rejection of supernaturalism, heaven or hell, and superstition, and an emphasis on education and the use of reason." 1514:. Imakita Kosen, who would become D.T. Suzuki's teacher in Zen until his death in 1892, was an important figure in this movement. Largely responding to the Reformation critique of elite institutionalism, he opened Engakuji monastery to lay practitioners, which would allow students like Suzuki unprecedented access to Zen practice. 1819:

interpretations that engaged with the secular world. According to Brazier, the traditional Buddhist traditions such as Theravada and Mahayana have been "instrument of state policy for subduing rather than liberating the population", and have become paths of "individual salvation rather than address the roots of world disease".

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Japanese government as a "national evangelist" during the 1870s. The cause of Japanese nationalism and the portrayal of Japan as a superior cultural entity on the international scene was at the heart of the Zen missionary movement. Zen would be touted as the essential Japanese religion, fully embodied by the

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a future lifetime. A denial of karma and rebirth undermines their history, moral orientation and religious foundations. However, adds Gowans, many Western followers and people interested in exploring Buddhism are skeptical and object to the belief in karma and rebirth foundational to the Four Noble Truths.

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In addition, the terms of appropriate attention — the four noble truths — are not concerned simply with events arising and passing away in the present moment. They also focus on the causal connections among those events, connections that occur both in the immediate present and over time. If you limit

1955:

Vast majority of Buddhist lay people, states Kevin Trainor, have historically pursued Buddhist rituals and practices motivated with rebirth into Deva realm. Fowler and others concur with Trainor, stating that better rebirth, not nirvana, has been the primary focus of a vast majority of lay Buddhists.

1814:

is a Neo-orthoprax Buddhism movement. The charismatic leadership of Nydahl and his 600 dharma centers worldwide have made it the largest convert movement in Eastern Europe, but its interpretations of Tibetan Buddhism and tantric meditation techniques have been criticized by both traditional Buddhists

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lines". The doctrine of rebirth is considered mandatory in Tibetan Buddhism, and across many Buddhist sects. According to Melford Spiro, the reinterpretations of Buddhism that discard rebirth undermine the Four Noble Truths, for it does not address the existential question for the Buddhist as to "why

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are not the same, the validity of applying the set of solutions developed by the first to the situation of the second becomes a question of great importance. Simply putting an end to rebirth would not necessarily strike the western Buddhist as the ultimate answer, as it certainly was for early Indian

1425:

The earliest western accounts of Buddhism were by 19th-century European travelers and Christian missionaries who, according to James Coleman, portrayed it as another "heathen religion with strange gods and exotic ceremonies", where their concern was not understanding the religion but to debunk it. By

1915:

According to Owen Flanagan, the proportion of people in North America that believe in heaven is about the same as the proportion of East and Southeast Asia who believe in rebirth. But, 'rebirth' is considered superstitious by many in the West while 'heaven' is not, adds Flanagan, though a reflective

1786:

According to Christopher Gowans, for "most ordinary Buddhists, today as well as in the past, their basic moral orientation is governed by belief in karma and rebirth". Buddhist morality hinges on the hope of well being in this lifetime or in future rebirth, with nirvana (enlightenment) a project for

1982:

Thanissaro Bhikkhu: "A second modern argument against accepting the canonical accounts of what's known in awakening — and in particular, the knowledge of rebirth achieved in awakening — is that one can still obtain all the results of the practice without having to accept the possibility of rebirth.

1969:

Bhikkhu Bodhi: "Newcomers to Buddhism are usually impressed by the clarity, directness, and earthy practicality of the Dhamma as embodied in such basic teachings as the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and the threefold training. These teachings, as clear as day-light, are accessible to

1972:

A quick glance at the Pali suttas would show that none of these claims has much substance. The teaching of rebirth crops up almost everywhere in the Canon, and is so closely bound to a host of other doctrines that to remove it would virtually reduce the Dhamma to tatters. Moreover, when the suttas

1916:

naturalistic approach demands that both 'heaven' and 'rebirth' be equally questioned". According to Donald S. Lopez, Buddhist movements in the West have reconstructed a "Scientific Buddha" and a "modern Buddhism" unknown in Asia, "one that may never have existed there before the late 19th-century".

1790:

The "naturalized Buddhism", according to Gowans, is a radical revision to traditional Buddhist thought and practice, and it attacks the structure behind the hopes, needs and rationalization of the realities of human life to traditional Buddhists in East, Southeast and South Asia. Gowan posits that

1704:

Some Western interpreters of Buddhism have proposed the term "naturalized Buddhism" for few of these movements. It is devoid of rebirth, karma, nirvana, realms of existence, and other concepts of Buddhism, with doctrines such as the Four Noble Truths reformulated and restated in modernistic terms.

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At the onset of the Meiji period, in 1868, when Japan entered into the international community and began to industrialize and modernize at an astounding rate, Buddhism was briefly persecuted in Japan as "a corrupt, decadent, anti-social, parasitic, and superstitious creed, inimical to Japan's need

1405:

Buddhist modernism emerged during the late 19th-century and early 20th-century colonial era, as a co-creation of Western Orientalists and reform-minded Buddhists. It appropriated elements of Western philosophy, psychological insights as well as themes increasingly felt to be secular and proper. It

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uses the term "Modern Buddhism" to describe the entirety of Buddhist modernist traditions, which he suggests "has developed into a kind of transnational Buddhist sect", "an international Buddhism that transcends cultural and national boundaries, creating...a cosmopolitan network of intellectuals,

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and Robert Sharf, as well as Japanese Zen monk G. Victor Sogen Hori, have argued that the breed of Japanese Zen that was propagated by New Buddhism ideologues, such as Imakita Kosen and Soyen Shaku, was not typical of Japanese Zen during their time, nor is it typical of Japanese Zen now. Although

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Buddhist traditions. A co-creation of Western Orientalists and reform-minded Asian Buddhists, Buddhist modernism has been a reformulation of Buddhist concepts that has de-emphasized traditional Buddhist doctrines, cosmology, rituals, monasticism, clerical hierarchy and icon worship. The term came

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was, in many respects, unlike any form of Buddhism that had hitherto arisen within the tradition. Gone, for instance, were the doctrines of karma and rebirth, the traditional emphasis on renunciation of the world, the practice of meditation, and the experience of enlightenment. Gone too were any

1925:

According to Coleman, the goal in Theravada Buddhism "is to uproot the desires and defilements in order to attain nibbana (nirvana in Sanskrit) and win liberation from the otherwise endless round of death and rebirth. But few Western Vipassana teachers pay much attention to the more metaphysical

1985:

This objection, however, ignores the role of appropriate attention on the path. As we noted above, one of its roles is to examine and abandon the assumptions that underlie one's views on the metaphysics of personal identity. Unless you're willing to step back from your own views — such as those

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as flawed and pessimistic, may have been inserted into the Buddhist scriptures by wrong headed Buddhist monks of a later era. These should not be considered as Buddha's teachings in Ambedkar's view. Other foundational concepts of Buddhism such as Karma and Rebirth were considered by Ambedkar as

1581:

Zen is the ultimate fact of all philosophy and religion. Every intellectual effort must culminate in it, or rather must start from it, if it is to bear any practical fruits. Every religious faith must spring from it if it has to prove at all efficiently and livingly workable in our active life.

1530:

to Western thought...at Chicago next year the fitting time will come." According to Martin Verhoeven, "The spiritual crisis of the West exposed its Achilles' heel to be vanquished. Though economically and technologically bested by the Western powers, Japan saw a chance to reassert its sense of

1517:

Advocates of New Buddhism, like Kosen and his successor Soyen Shaku, not only saw this movement as a defense of Buddhism against government persecution, they also saw it as a way to bring their nation into the modern world as a competitive, cultural force. Kosen himself was even employed by the

1437:

The sociopolitical developments in Europe, the rise of scientific theories such as those of Charles Darwin, in late 19th-century and early 20th-century created interest in Buddhism and other eastern religions, but it was studied in the West and those trained in Western education system with the

2002:

No doubt, according to the early Indian Buddhist tradition, the Buddha's great discovery, as condensed in his experience of nirvana, involved the remembrance of his many former existences, presupposing as fact the reality of a never-ending process of rebirth as a source of deep anxiety, and an

1661:

Navayana abandons practices and precepts such as the institution of monk after renunciation, ideas such as karma, rebirth in afterlife, samsara, meditation, nirvana and Four Noble Truths considered to be foundational in the Buddhist traditions. Ambedkar's Neo-Buddhism rejected these ideas and

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Scholars such as Robert Sharf have argued that such statements also betray inklings of nationalist sentiment, common to many early Buddhist Modernists, in that they portray Zen, which Suzuki had described as representing the essence of the Japanese people, as superior to all other religions.

1818:

Others have used "New Buddhism" to describe or publish manifesto of socially Engaged Buddhism. For example, David Brazier published his "manifesto of the New Buddhism" in 2001, wherein he calls for radical shift of focus from monasticism and traditional Buddhist doctrines to radically novel

2027:

Gowans groups the objections into three categories. The first objection can be called "consistency objection", which asks if "there is no self (atman, soul), then what is reborn and how does karma work?". The second objection can be called "naturalism objection", which asks "can rebirth be

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had emphasized as the fountainhead of all religious sentiment. As McMahan explains, "In his discussion of humanity and nature, Suzuki takes Zen literature out of its social, ritual, and ethical contexts and reframes it in terms of a language of metaphysics derived from German Romantic

1426:

mid 19th-century, European scholars gave a new picture but once again in concepts understood in the West. They described Buddhism as a "life-denying faith" that rejected all the Christian ideas such as "God, man, life, eternity"; it was an exotic Asian religion that taught

1990:

your focus solely to connections in the present while ignoring those over time, you can't fully comprehend the ways in which craving causes suffering: not only by latching on to the four kinds of nutriment, but also giving rise to the four kinds of nutriment as well.

1709:, or its variants, centered around self-development remain a part of the Western Neo-Buddhist movements. According to James Coleman, the focus of most vipassana students in the west "is mainly on meditation practice and a kind of down-to-earth psychological wisdom." 1641:

abandons the traditional precepts and practices, then adopts science, activism and social reforms as a form of Engaged Buddhism. Ambedkar's formulation of Buddhism is different from Western modernism, states Skaria, given his synthesis of the ideas of modern

1712:

For many western Buddhists, the rebirth doctrine in the Four Noble Truths teaching is a problematic notion. According to Lamb, "Certain forms of modern western Buddhism see it as purely mythical and thus a dispensable notion." Westerners find "the ideas of

1274:. David McMahan states that modernism in Buddhism is similar to those found in other religions. The sources of influences have variously been an engagement of Buddhist communities and teachers with the new cultures and methodologies such as "Western 1758:, as another example, rejects the "modern argument" that "one can still obtain all the results of the practice without having to accept the possibility of rebirth." He states, "rebirth has always been a central teaching in the Buddhist tradition." 2986:

teachings that implied the existence of a trans-empirical realm (...). Most jarring, perhaps, especially among more traditional Buddhists, was the absence of the Four Noble Truths, which Ambedkar regarded as the invention of wrong-headed monks".

1705:

This "deflated secular Buddhism" stresses compassion, impermanence, causality, selfless persons, no Bodhisattvas, no nirvana, no rebirth, and a naturalists approach to well-being of oneself and others. Meditation and spiritual practices such as

2028:

scientifically proven, what evidence is there that rebirth happens". The third objection can be called "morality objection", which asks "why presume that an infant born with an illness, is because of karma in previous life" as seems implied by

1725:

and cyclic universe doctrines underpin the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism. It is possible to reinterpret the Buddhist doctrines such as the Four Noble Truths, states Keown, since the final goal and the answer to the problem of suffering is

1721:– a professor of Buddhist Ethics. It may not be necessary to believe in some of the core Buddhist doctrines to be a Buddhist, though most Buddhists in Asia do accept these traditional teachings and seek better rebirth. The rebirth, karma, 1761:

According to Owen Flanagan, the Dalai Lama states that "Buddhists believe in rebirth" and that this belief has been common among his followers. However, the Dalai Lama's belief in rebirth, adds Flanagan, is not the same as belief in

1635:. He perceived it was necessary for them to convert for advancing equality and societal change. All the elements of religious modernism, state Christopher Queen and Sallie King, may be found in Ambedkar Buddhism where his 1983:

After all, all the factors leading to suffering are all immediately present to awareness, so there should be no need, when trying to abandon them, to accept any premises about where they may or may not lead in the future.

1522:, or samurai spirit, an expression of the Japanese people in the fullest sense, in spite of the fact that this version of Zen was a recent invention in Japan that was largely based on Western philosophical ideals. 3333:"For a vast majority of Buddhists in Theravadin countries, however, the order of monks is seen by lay Buddhists as a means of gaining the most merit in the hope of accumulating good karma for a better rebirth." 1525:

Soyen Shaku, Suzuki's teacher in Zen after Kosen's death in 1892, claimed "Religion is the only force in which the Western people know that they are inferior to the nations of the East ... Let us wed the

2800:, Quote: "Here there is not only a criticism of religion (most of all, Hinduism, but also prior traditions of Buddhism), but also of secularism, and that criticism is articulated moreover as a religion." 1551:

and literature allowed him to be particularly successful and persuasive in arguing his case to a Western audience. As Suzuki presented it, Zen Buddhism was a highly practical religion whose emphasis on

1862:(Tibetan Buddhist master credited with presenting authentic Buddhist teachings by making a clear distinction between the cultural aspects of Buddhism and the fundamental teachings of Buddhism). 1754:, for example, states that rebirth is an integral part of the Buddhist teachings as found in the sutras, despite the problems that "modernist interpreters of Buddhism" seem to have with it. 1594:. What makes all these religions and philosophies vital and inspiring, keeping up their usefulness and efficiency, is due to the presence in them of what I may designate as the Zen element. 4018: 1942: 1298:

society, while scientific naturalism and romanticism has influenced the emphasis on current life, empirical defense, reason, psychological and health benefits.

1683:

is the holy book of Navayana followers. According to Junghare, for the followers of Navyana, Ambedkar has become a deity and he is worshipped in its practice.

1766:, because rebirth in Buddhism is envisioned as happening without an assumption of an "atman, self, soul", rather through a "consciousness conceived along the 1619:

in the 1950s. Ambedkar held a press conference on October 13, 1956, announcing his rejection of many traditional interpretations of practices and precepts of

2308:, Quote: "A historical study of Neo-Buddhism would be very interesting, as an episode of the intellectual conquest of the East by the West and vice versa." 4828: 8702: 5743: 4218: 3963:

Verhoeven, Martin (1998). "Americanizing the Buddha: Paul Carus and the Transformation of Asian Thought". In Prebish, Charles; Tanaka, Kenneth (eds.).

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can be classified as Buddhist Modernist in that it employs all of these traits. That he was a university-educated intellectual steeped in knowledge of

1434:

presented a more sympathetic account of Buddhism, in the form of the life of the Buddha, emphasizing the parallels between the Buddha and the Christ.

1543:—whose works were popular in the West from the 1930s onward, and particularly in the 1950s and 60s—as a "Buddhist Modernist." Suzuki's depiction of 1413:, compatibility with modern science about body and mind. In the modernistic presentations, Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist practices are " 1577:." Drawing on these traditions, Suzuki presents a version of Zen that has been described by hostile critics as detraditionalized and essentialized: 3983: 1799:

According to Burkhard Scherer – a professor of Comparative Religion, the novel interpretations are a new, separate Buddhist sectarian lineage and

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section 3.204 for example. Gowans provides a summary of prevailing answers, clarifications and explanations proffered by practicing Buddhists.

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interactions appear in late 19th-century and early 20th-century publications. For example, Andre Bellesort used the term in 1901, while

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Scherer, Burkhard (2012). "Globalizing Tibetan Buddhism: modernism and neo-orthodoxy in contemporary Karma bKa' brgyud organizations".

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used it in a 1910 article. According to James Coleman, the first presenters of a modernistic Buddhism before a Western audience were

1442:. The first comprehensive study of Buddhist modernism in the Theravada tradition as a distinct phenomenon was published in 1966 by 3610:

Hayes, Richard P. (2013), "The Internet as Window onto American Buddhism", in Queen, Christopher; Williams, Duncan Ryuken (eds.),

6563: 6015: 438: 6218: 4198: 3478:, in Todd Lewis (ed.) Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism Through the Lives of Practitioners, Blackwell Wiley, London, pp. 96-106 1471: 1791:

for traditional Buddhists, "naturalized Buddhism" might come across as a pale imitation of what Buddhism means in their life.

1582:

Therefore Zen is not necessarily the fountain of Buddhist thought and life alone; it is very much alive also in Christianity,

1510:

in the 1840s, who expressed his liking for "the Brahmins, the Buddhists, the Zoroastrians" and a dislike for "the Jesuits" to

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The Dalai Lama himself is regarded to be an incarnation of the thirteen previous Dalai Lamas, who are all manifestations of

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into vogue during the colonial and post-colonial era studies of Asian religions, and is found in sources such as

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According to Ambedkar, several of the core beliefs and doctrines of traditional Buddhist traditions such as

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The International Expansion of a Modern Buddhist Movement: The Soka Gakkai in Southeast Asia and Australia

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The invention of world religions, or, How European universalism was preserved in the language of pluralism

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The Invention of World Religions: Or, How European Universalism Was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism

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Buddhist modernist traditions are reconstructions and a reformulation with emphasis on rationality,

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Other forms of Neo-Buddhism are found outside Asia, particularly in European nations. According to

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The Neo-Buddhism movements differ in their doctrines and practices from the historical, mainstream

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The Karma and Rebirth Debate Within Contemporary Western Buddhism: Some Links to Follow

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was a prolific writer, fluent in English and he introduced Zen Buddhism to Westerners.

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Traditional Buddhist scholars disagree with these modernist Western interpretations.

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Lamb, Christopher (2001), "Cosmology, myth and symbolism", in Harvey, Peter (ed.),

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Buddhism and Transgression: The Appropriation of Buddhism in the Contemporary West

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in current life by ending life". In traditional Buddhism, rebirth continues the

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In Central and Eastern Europe, according to Burkhard Scherer, the fast growing

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In Search of the Christian Buddha: How an Asian Sage Became a Medieval Saint

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expressivism". The influence of monotheism has been the internalization of

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acceptance of the Buddha's overcoming of that fate as ultimate liberation.

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Science for Monks: Buddhism and Science: A BIT of The Really Hard Problem

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Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asian and Western Thought

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Religion, Kinship and Buddhism: Ambedkar's Vision of a Moral Community

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The varieties of religious experience : a study in human nature

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Conversion, Devotion and (Trans-)Mission: Understanding Ole Nydahl

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isn't suicide, but the fourth reality of the Four Noble Truths.

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Examples of Buddhist modernism movements and traditions include

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The Truth of Rebirth. And Why it Matters for Buddhist Practice

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For a number of reasons, several scholars have identified

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This they attempt through merit accumulation and good

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Bechert, Heinz; Hecker, Hellmuth; Duy Tu Vu (1966).

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Junghare (1988), 1882:Global Buddhist Network 1801:Shambhala International 1491:greatly altered by the 912:Philosophical reasoning 477:Buddhism and Pyrrhonism 467:Buddhism and psychology 462:Buddhism and Gnosticism 398:Pure Land dissemination 182:Theravada dissemination 9894:Second Viennese School 9636: 9625: 7536:The Sound and the Fury 7440:In Search of Lost Time 6897: 6826: 6815: 6769: 6758: 6084:Buddhism and democracy 5597:Tibetan Buddhist canon 5592:Chinese Buddhist canon 4824:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4819:Early Buddhist schools 3749:. Beacon Press Books. 3628:Konik, Adrian (2009), 3619:Keown, Damien (2000). 3515:David Brazier (2002). 3151:Owen Flanagan (2011). 3096:Bernard Faure (2011). 2552:, pp. 7–9, 57–60. 2005: 1810:started by Hannah and 1748: 1596: 1560:that scholars such as 679:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 169:Lama Anagarika Govinda 9873:Reactionary modernism 9796:List of art movements 6094:Eight Consciousnesses 4204:Life of Buddha in art 3982:Webb, Russel (2005). 3442:Contemporary Buddhism 3272:Damien Keown (2009). 2392:Clarke, J.J. (2002). 2105:Prebish/Baumann, 2002 2000: 1999:Konik further notes: 1852:Fourteenth Dalai Lama 1735: 1633:Neo-Buddhism movement 1609:Neo-Buddhist movement 1579: 1363:New Kadampa Tradition 1284:scientific naturalism 1258:(also referred to as 947:Aids to Enlightenment 772:Dependent Origination 189:Thai Forest Tradition 126:Tibetan dissemination 9717:Hanshinkan Modernism 9573:The Threepenny Opera 9489:Pelléas et Mélisande 6571:East Asian religions 6001:Buddhism in the West 5572:Early Buddhist texts 5187:Four Right Exertions 4653:Ten spiritual realms 4146:Noble Eightfold Path 4024:McMahan, DL (2004). 3877:History of Religions 3311:Merv Fowler (1999). 2069:Thanissaro Bhikkhu, 1877:Buddhism in the West 1872:Buddhism and science 1836:Alexandra David-Neel 1808:Diamond Way Buddhism 1733:According to Konik, 1693:Buddhism in the West 1464:Anagarika Dharmapala 1383:Dharma Drum Mountain 917:Devotional practices 740:Noble Eightfold Path 239:In the United States 206:Anagarika Dharmapala 157:Geshe Kelsang Gyatso 139:In the United States 9972:Schools of Buddhism 9775:International Style 9525:Afternoon of a Faun 8811:Battleship Potemkin 8715:Mont Sainte-Victoir 6694:Religion portal 6441:Temple of the Tooth 6320:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 5359:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 4852:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 4635:Two truths doctrine 4455:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4255:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4021:, Numen 42, 228-283 4017:Sharf, R H (1995). 3546:, p. 9 citing 3038:, pp. 524–531. 2896:Skaria, A. (2015). 2766:, pp. 524–529. 2751:, pp. 524–525. 1823:Donald S. Lopez Jr. 1815:and non-Buddhists. 1795:Other New Buddhisms 1723:realms of existence 1450:Japan: Neo-Buddhism 1323:Humanistic Buddhism 1217:Buddhism portal 1090:Buddhism by country 852:Sanskrit literature 500:Outline of Buddhism 410:Three Wheels Temple 281:Modern Chinese Chán 55:Japanese Tea Garden 29:Part of a series on 9654:Buddhist modernism 9611:American modernism 9537:The Rite of Spring 7512:The Sun Also Rises 7488:The Magic Mountain 6616:Western philosophy 6214:Dzong architecture 6036:Vipassana movement 6031:Buddhist modernism 5459:Emperor Wen of Sui 5227:Pratyekabuddhayāna 5160:Threefold Training 4962:Vipassana movement 4678:Hungry Ghost realm 4498:Avidyā (Ignorance) 4445:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 4194:Great Renunciation 4189:Eight Great Events 4071: 3474:B Scherer (2014), 3099:Unmasking Buddhism 2776:Skaria, A (2015). 2263:Buddhist Modernism 1830:, Dwight Goddard, 1756:Thanissaro Bhikkhu 1549:Western philosophy 1474:. Shaku's student 1375:Vipassana Movement 1264:modernist Buddhism 1256:Buddhist modernism 704:Buddhist modernism 245:Thanissaro Bhikkhu 194:Vipassana movement 91:Buddhism in Europe 81:Buddhist modernism 9954: 9953: 9682:Experimental film 9598: 9597: 9585:Waiting for Godot 8892: 8891: 7549: 7548: 7452:The Metamorphosis 6702: 6701: 6340:Om mani padme hum 6046:Women in Buddhism 5962:Buddhist councils 5832:Western countries 5620:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 5381:Shaolin Monastery 4958:Samatha-vipassanā 4568:Pratītyasamutpāda 4372:Metteyya/Maitreya 4290: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4119:Four Noble Truths 3974:978-0-520-21301-2 3955:978-1-119-14466-3 3934:978-0-385-48349-0 3860:978-0-8248-0272-1 3820:978-0-7618-1904-2 3802:978-0-19-518327-6 3775:978-0-226-50988-4 3737:978-0-226-49312-1 3659:978-0-19-517398-7 3593:978-0-19-515241-8 3530:978-0-312-29518-9 3501:978-1-4724-6588-7 3426:978-1-317-65935-8 3356:978-1-134-46973-4 3324:978-1-898723-66-0 3285:978-1-4027-6883-5 3194:978-0-520-04672-6 3164:978-0-262-29723-3 3109:978-1-4443-5661-8 3022:978-0-86171-159-8 2974:978-1-136-98588-1 2947:978-1-136-98588-1 2882:978-0-7914-2843-6 2855:978-1-4008-4805-8 2828:978-1-317-40357-9 2735:978-0-19-566329-7 2645:978-0-393-08915-8 2618:978-0-226-92262-1 2478:, pp. 55–56. 2459:978-1-317-65935-8 2432:978-1-85109-782-1 2405:978-1-134-78474-5 2334:978-0-226-49309-1 2202:978-0-300-15913-4 2172:978-1-317-65935-8 2128:978-0-226-74866-5 2118:The Work of Kings 1730:and not rebirth. 1651:Four Noble Truths 1554:direct experience 1493:Meiji Restoration 1486:Scholars such as 1432:The Light of Asia 1415:detraditionalized 1339:Nichiren Buddhism 1318:'s 1910 article. 1253: 1252: 735:Four Noble Truths 608: 607: 554:Japanese Buddhism 344:White Plum Asanga 268:Zen dissemination 233:Nyanaponika Thera 9979: 9946: 9945: 9917: 9915:Vulgar modernism 9910: 9908:Underground film 9903: 9896: 9889: 9882: 9875: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9798: 9791: 9784: 9777: 9770: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9731:Hippie modernism 9726: 9719: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9656: 9649: 9647:Bloomsbury Group 9642: 9641: 9631: 9630: 9620: 9613: 9591: 9590: 9579: 9578: 9567: 9566: 9555: 9554: 9543: 9542: 9531: 9530: 9519: 9518: 9507: 9506: 9495: 9494: 9483: 9482: 9471: 9470: 9459: 9458: 9436: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9373: 9366: 9359: 9352: 9345: 9338: 9331: 9324: 9304: 9297: 9290: 9283: 9276: 9269: 9262: 9255: 9248: 9241: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9213: 9206: 9199: 9192: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9164: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9123: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9095: 9088: 9081: 9074: 9067: 9060: 9053: 9046: 9039: 9032: 9025: 9018: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8983: 8976: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8905: 8904: 8885: 8884: 8873: 8872: 8861: 8860: 8851: 8850: 8841: 8840: 8835:Un Chien Andalou 8829: 8828: 8817: 8816: 8805: 8804: 8799:Ballet Mécanique 8793: 8792: 8781: 8780: 8769: 8768: 8757: 8756: 8745: 8744: 8733: 8732: 8727:The Starry Night 8721: 8720: 8709: 8708: 8686: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8099: 8092: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8056:Toulouse-Lautrec 8051: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8023: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7946: 7939: 7932: 7925: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7897: 7890: 7883: 7876: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7715: 7708: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7610: 7603: 7596: 7589: 7582: 7575: 7560: 7559: 7542: 7541: 7530: 7529: 7518: 7517: 7506: 7505: 7494: 7493: 7482: 7481: 7470: 7469: 7458: 7457: 7446: 7445: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7227: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7137: 7130: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6969: 6954: 6953: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6903: 6902: 6892: 6885: 6878: 6871: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6839: 6832: 6831: 6821: 6820: 6817:Der Blaue Reiter 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6774: 6764: 6763: 6753: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6706: 6705: 6692: 6691: 6680: 6679: 6519:Sacred languages 6367:Maya Devi Temple 6330:Mahabodhi Temple 6134:Secular Buddhism 6099:Engaged Buddhism 4939: 4787:Tibetan Buddhism 4738:Vietnamese Thiền 4337:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 4288: 4280: 4272: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4240: 4089: 4088: 4076: 4066: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3998:on 10 April 2022 3978: 3959: 3938: 3916: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3843: 3824: 3805: 3779: 3760: 3741: 3722: 3705: 3681: 3662: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3576: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3522: 3519:The New Buddhism 3512: 3506: 3505: 3485: 3479: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3410: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3269: 3258: 3252: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3214: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2978: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2931: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2812: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2581: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2501: 2495: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2258: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2218:, pp. 6–10. 2213: 2207: 2206: 2186: 2177: 2176: 2156: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2075: 2067: 2058: 2050: 2033: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 1997: 1991: 1980: 1974: 1967: 1961: 1953: 1947: 1933: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1897:Secular Buddhism 1488:Martin Verhoeven 1367:Tibetan Buddhist 1331:Engaged Buddhism 1327:Secular Buddhism 1245: 1238: 1231: 1215: 1214: 942:Sublime abidings 633: 610: 609: 600: 593: 586: 549:Chinese Buddhism 544:Tibetan Buddhism 489:General Buddhism 368:Vietnamese Thiền 338:Haku'un Yasutani 250:Joseph Goldstein 76:Western Buddhism 62: 45: 35:Western Buddhism 26: 25: 21:Secular Buddhism 9987: 9986: 9982: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9976: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9950: 9941: 9933: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9901:Structural film 9899: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9857: 9852:New Objectivity 9850: 9843: 9838:Neo-romanticism 9836: 9831:Neo-primitivism 9829: 9822: 9815: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9766: 9757: 9750: 9743: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9715: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9673: 9666: 9659: 9652: 9645: 9634: 9623: 9616: 9609: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9480: 9477:Verklärte Nacht 9474: 9468: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9209: 9202: 9195: 9188: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9160: 9147: 9140: 9133: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9056: 9049: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8899: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8808: 8802: 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hindrances 4484: 4376: 4306: 4160: 4105: 4077: 4060: 4014: 4012:Further reading 4001: 3999: 3975: 3956: 3935: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3840: 3821: 3803: 3776: 3757: 3738: 3702: 3678: 3668:Modern Buddhism 3660: 3594: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3469: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3411: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3341: 3337: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3270: 3261: 3253: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3217: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3149: 3145: 3137: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3007: 3003: 2994: 2990: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2932: 2923: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2813: 2804: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2584: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2502: 2498: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2319: 2312: 2284: 2277: 2259: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2203: 2187: 2180: 2173: 2157: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2129: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2068: 2061: 2052:Bhikkhu Bodhi, 2051: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2030:Majjhima Nikāya 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1954: 1950: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1868: 1860:Chögyam Trungpa 1856:Thich Nhat Hanh 1797: 1739:Indian Buddhism 1695: 1689: 1658:superstitions. 1605: 1603:India: Navayana 1537: 1484: 1452: 1423: 1403: 1260:modern Buddhism 1249: 1209: 1202: 1201: 1092: 1082: 1081: 1032: 1022: 1021: 987: 977: 976: 882: 872: 871: 842:Mahayana Sutras 822: 812: 811: 752:Five Aggregates 730: 729: 709: 708: 699:Later Buddhists 664: 604: 575: 574: 559:Korean Buddhism 539:Indian Buddhism 533:Asian countries 490: 482: 481: 452: 444: 443: 400: 390: 389: 374:Thích Nhất Hạnh 270: 260: 259: 184: 174: 173: 145:Chögyam Trungpa 133:14th Dalai Lama 128: 118: 117: 71: 63: 47: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9985: 9975: 9974: 9969: 9952: 9951: 9934: 9926: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9859:Poetic realism 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9792: 9789:Late modernity 9785: 9782:Late modernism 9778: 9771: 9764: 9763: 9762: 9755: 9748: 9734: 9727: 9724:High modernism 9720: 9713: 9706: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9678: 9671: 9668:Degenerate art 9664: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9638:Ballets Russes 9632: 9621: 9614: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9580: 9568: 9556: 9544: 9532: 9520: 9508: 9496: 9484: 9472: 9460: 9447: 9445: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9430: 9423: 9416: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9367: 9360: 9353: 9346: 9339: 9332: 9325: 9317: 9315: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9298: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9228: 9221: 9214: 9207: 9200: 9193: 9186: 9179: 9172: 9165: 9157: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9138: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9082: 9075: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9047: 9040: 9033: 9026: 9019: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8921: 8913: 8911: 8902: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8874: 8862: 8852: 8842: 8830: 8818: 8806: 8794: 8782: 8770: 8758: 8746: 8734: 8722: 8710: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8680: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8645: 8638: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8525: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8485: 8478: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8450: 8443: 8436: 8429: 8422: 8415: 8408: 8401: 8394: 8391:Ray (Satyajit) 8387: 8384:Ray (Nicholas) 8380: 8373: 8366: 8359: 8352: 8345: 8338: 8331: 8324: 8317: 8310: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8282: 8275: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8205: 8198: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7849: 7842: 7835: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7793: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7702: 7695: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7568: 7566: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7531: 7519: 7507: 7495: 7483: 7476:The Waste Land 7471: 7459: 7447: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7220: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6962: 6960: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6920: 6913: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6849: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6833: 6822: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6787:Constructivism 6783: 6776: 6765: 6754: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6732: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6684: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6551: 6545: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6251:Greco-Buddhist 6243: 6242: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6202:Burmese pagoda 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5984:Greco-Buddhism 5981: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5917:United Kingdom 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5862:Czech Republic 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5800: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5736: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5626:Abhidharmadīpa 5623: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5544:B. R. Ambedkar 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5464:Songtsen Gampo 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5395: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5143:Eight precepts 5140: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4914:Five Strengths 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4709: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4553:Mental factors 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4405:Mahamoggallāna 4402: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4320:Avalokiteśvara 4316: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4260: 4252: 4244: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4008: 3979: 3973: 3960: 3954: 3939: 3933: 3917: 3889:10.1086/463354 3872: 3859: 3844: 3838: 3825: 3819: 3806: 3801: 3780: 3774: 3761: 3755: 3742: 3736: 3723: 3706: 3700: 3686:James, William 3682: 3676: 3663: 3658: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3577: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3551: 3536: 3529: 3507: 3500: 3480: 3467: 3432: 3425: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3362: 3355: 3335: 3323: 3303: 3291: 3284: 3259: 3257:, p. 258. 3244: 3242:, p. 172. 3232: 3215: 3213:, p. 110. 3200: 3193: 3170: 3163: 3143: 3135: 3115: 3108: 3088: 3053: 3040: 3028: 3021: 3001: 2988: 2973: 2953: 2946: 2921: 2888: 2881: 2861: 2854: 2834: 2827: 2802: 2768: 2753: 2741: 2734: 2714: 2712:, p. 129. 2702: 2700:, p. 125. 2690: 2678: 2676:, p. 217. 2674:Verhoeven 1998 2663: 2651: 2644: 2624: 2617: 2597: 2582: 2578:Josephson 2006 2566: 2554: 2542: 2536:The Living Age 2525: 2523:, p. 213. 2513: 2496: 2480: 2465: 2458: 2438: 2431: 2411: 2404: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2349:Bechert, Heinz 2340: 2333: 2310: 2275: 2244: 2232: 2230:, pp. 54. 2220: 2208: 2201: 2178: 2171: 2146: 2134: 2127: 2107: 2098: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2059: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2020: 2016:Avalokitasvara 2007: 1992: 1975: 1962: 1948: 1928: 1918: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1867: 1864: 1844:Sangharakshita 1840:Shunryu Suzuki 1796: 1793: 1691:Main article: 1688: 1685: 1664:class struggle 1617:B. R. Ambedkar 1604: 1601: 1536: 1533: 1508:Eugène Burnouf 1483: 1480: 1451: 1448: 1422: 1419: 1402: 1399: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1007:Pratyekabuddha 1004: 999: 994: 988: 983: 982: 979: 978: 975: 974: 969: 964: 962:Buddhist chant 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 883: 878: 877: 874: 873: 870: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 823: 820:Buddhist texts 818: 817: 814: 813: 810: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 748: 747: 737: 731: 728: 727: 722: 716: 715: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 665: 660: 659: 656: 655: 654: 653: 648: 643: 635: 634: 626: 625: 619: 618: 606: 605: 603: 602: 595: 588: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 562: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 535: 534: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 508: 507: 503: 502: 497: 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 435: 434: 430: 429: 424: 418: 417: 413: 412: 406: 405: 401: 396: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 377: 376: 370: 369: 365: 364: 358: 357: 353: 352: 350:Taizan Maezumi 346: 345: 341: 340: 334: 333: 329: 328: 326:Shunryū Suzuki 322: 321: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 294: 289: 283: 282: 278: 277: 271: 266: 265: 262: 261: 258: 257: 255:Jack Kornfield 252: 247: 241: 240: 236: 235: 230: 224: 223: 219: 218: 213: 211:Sangharakshita 208: 202: 201: 197: 196: 191: 185: 180: 179: 176: 175: 172: 171: 165: 164: 160: 159: 153: 152: 148: 147: 141: 140: 136: 135: 129: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115: 110: 105: 103:Greco-Buddhism 99: 98: 94: 93: 88: 83: 78: 72: 69: 68: 65: 64: 49:Statue of the 46: 38: 37: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9984: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9949: 9939: 9938: 9937:Postmodernism 9932: 9931: 9923: 9916: 9912: 9909: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9880:Metamodernism 9877: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9845:New Hollywood 9842: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9828: 9825: 9821: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9800: 9797: 9793: 9790: 9786: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9772: 9769: 9765: 9760: 9756: 9753: 9749: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9738:Impressionism 9735: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9721: 9718: 9714: 9711: 9707: 9704: 9700: 9697: 9693: 9690: 9686: 9683: 9679: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9665: 9662: 9658: 9655: 9651: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9639: 9633: 9629: 9628: 9622: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9587: 9586: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9557: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9509: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9461: 9455: 9454: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9389: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9365: 9361: 9358: 9354: 9351: 9347: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9250: 9247: 9243: 9240: 9236: 9233: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9215: 9212: 9208: 9205: 9201: 9198: 9194: 9191: 9187: 9184: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9122: 9118: 9115: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9101: 9097: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9083: 9080: 9076: 9073: 9069: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9055: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9041: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9027: 9024: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9006: 9003: 8999: 8996: 8992: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8964: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8950: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8922: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8857: 8853: 8847: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8831: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8692: 8685: 8681: 8678: 8674: 8671: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8657: 8653: 8650: 8646: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8583: 8580: 8576: 8573: 8572:Hundertwasser 8569: 8566: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8552: 8548: 8545: 8541: 8538: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8458: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8318: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8276: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8171: 8168: 8164: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8150: 8147: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8126: 8122: 8119: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8094: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7994: 7990: 7987: 7983: 7980: 7976: 7973: 7969: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7934: 7931: 7927: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7906: 7903: 7899: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7815: 7812: 7808: 7805: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7759: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7745: 7742: 7738: 7735: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7703: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6949:Literary arts 6946: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890:Neoplasticism 6887: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853:Functionalism 6850: 6847: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6823: 6819: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6808:Expressionism 6805: 6802: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6780:Ashcan School 6777: 6773: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6683: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6456:Miscellaneous 6453: 6447: 6446:Vegetarianism 6444: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6268:Buddha in art 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5922:United States 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479:Padmasambhava 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5391:Major figures 5388: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5337:Western tulku 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5138:Five precepts 5136: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116:Dhamma vicaya 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884:Buddhābhiṣeka 4882: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528:Enlightenment 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518:Dhamma theory 4516: 4514: 4513:Buddha-nature 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4352:Samantabhadra 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4045: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4015: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921:Suzuki, D. T. 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3839:0-520-23490-1 3835: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3756:0-8070-1243-2 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3721:(1): 143–168. 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3701:0-585-23263-6 3697: 3693: 3692: 3688:(June 1902). 3687: 3683: 3679: 3677:0-9511769-1-9 3673: 3669: 3664: 3661: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3568: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3532: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3484: 3477: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3395: 3394:Flanagan 2014 3390: 3384:, p. 39. 3383: 3382:Chitkara 1998 3378: 3371: 3370:Flanagan 2014 3366: 3358: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3307: 3301:, p. 62. 3300: 3295: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3251: 3249: 3241: 3236: 3230:, p. ix. 3229: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3177: 3175: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3147: 3138: 3136:9780253330147 3132: 3128: 3127: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3044: 3037: 3032: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3005: 2998: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2957: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2884: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2838: 2830: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2750: 2745: 2737: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2718: 2711: 2706: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2675: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2647: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2628: 2620: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2579: 2576:, p. 3; 2575: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2551: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2529: 2522: 2517: 2509: 2508: 2500: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2461: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2415: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2369: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2336: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2315: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2241: 2236: 2229: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2204: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2185: 2183: 2174: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2143: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2111: 2102: 2096:, p. 10. 2095: 2090: 2086: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1996: 1979: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1764:reincarnation 1759: 1757: 1753: 1752:Bhikkhu Bodhi 1747: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1702: 1700: 1699:Bernard Faure 1694: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:Mohammedanism 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1562:William James 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1532: 1529: 1528:Great Vehicle 1523: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1445: 1444:Heinz Bechert 1441: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:Fo Guang Shan 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1292:Buddhist gods 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 986: 981: 980: 973: 972:Vegetarianism 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 927:Recollections 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 897:Five precepts 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 881: 876: 875: 868: 865: 863: 862:Chinese canon 860: 858: 857:Tibetan canon 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 821: 816: 815: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 746: 743: 742: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 713: 712: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 663: 658: 657: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 638: 637: 636: 632: 628: 627: 624: 621: 620: 616: 612: 611: 601: 596: 594: 589: 587: 582: 581: 579: 578: 571: 570: 569: 564: 563: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 532: 531: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 505: 504: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 486: 485: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 454: 448: 447: 440: 437: 436: 432: 431: 428: 425: 423: 420: 419: 415: 414: 411: 408: 407: 403: 402: 399: 394: 393: 386: 385: 384: 379: 378: 375: 372: 371: 367: 366: 363: 360: 359: 355: 354: 351: 348: 347: 343: 342: 339: 336: 335: 331: 330: 327: 324: 323: 319: 318: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 302: 301: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 280: 279: 276: 273: 272: 269: 264: 263: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 242: 238: 237: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 221: 220: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 195: 192: 190: 187: 186: 183: 178: 177: 170: 167: 166: 162: 161: 158: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 143: 142: 138: 137: 134: 131: 130: 127: 122: 121: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 96: 95: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 70:Main articles 67: 66: 61: 60: 59:San Francisco 56: 52: 44: 40: 39: 36: 33: 32: 28: 27: 22: 9935: 9928: 9675:Ecomodernism 9653: 9583: 9571: 9559: 9547: 9535: 9523: 9513:The Firebird 9511: 9499: 9487: 9475: 9463: 9451: 8877: 8867:Citizen Kane 8865: 8856:Fallingwater 8846:Villa Savoye 8833: 8821: 8809: 8797: 8785: 8775:Black Square 8773: 8761: 8749: 8737: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8593:Le Corbusier 8521:Architecture 7534: 7522: 7510: 7500:Mrs Dalloway 7498: 7486: 7474: 7462: 7450: 7438: 7323:Lowell (Amy) 6634:Bodhisattvas 6554:Christianity 6549:Baháʼí Faith 6414:Dharmachakra 6404:Prayer wheel 6394:Prayer beads 6162:Architecture 6041:969 Movement 6030: 5825:Saudi Arabia 5803:Central Asia 5796:South Africa 5618: 5601: 5534:Panchen Lama 5439:Buddhapālita 5035:Satipatthana 5030:Mindful Yoga 4943:Recollection 4857:Brahmavihara 4728:Japanese Zen 4723:Chinese Chan 4683:Animal realm 4490:Key concepts 4312:Bodhisattvas 4124:Three Jewels 4000:. 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T. Suzuki 1821: 1817: 1805: 1798: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1760: 1749: 1736: 1732: 1719:Damien Keown 1711: 1703: 1696: 1678: 1677:. His book, 1675:Neo-Buddhism 1674: 1668: 1660: 1648: 1636: 1606: 1597: 1592:Confucianism 1580: 1545:Zen Buddhism 1538: 1524: 1516: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1485: 1453: 1436: 1431: 1424: 1408: 1404: 1391:Won Buddhism 1355:Sanbo Kyodan 1320: 1300: 1268:Neo-Buddhism 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254: 922:Merit making 887:Three Jewels 827:Buddhavacana 757:Impermanence 745:Dharma wheel 703: 567: 566: 382: 381: 332:Sanbo Kyodan 309:D. T. Suzuki 80: 48: 9930:Romanticism 9887:Remodernism 9768:Incoherents 9627:Avant-garde 9618:Armory Show 9225:Maeterlinck 9128:Villa-Lobos 9114:Szymanowski 9093:Stockhausen 9030:Lutosławski 8755:(1909–1910) 7555:Visual arts 7528:(1928–1940) 7444:(1913–1927) 6967:Apollinaire 6931:Synchromism 6771:Art Nouveau 6479:Dharma talk 6308:Asalha Puja 6104:Eschatology 5907:Switzerland 5887:New Zealand 5815:Middle East 5724:Philippines 5644:Afghanistan 5449:Bodhidharma 5434:Buddhaghosa 5354:Householder 5264:Monasticism 5217:Bodhisattva 5072:Prostration 5025:Mindfulness 4953:Anapanasati 4936:Kammaṭṭhāna 4733:Korean Seon 4673:Asura realm 4668:Human realm 4608:Ten Fetters 4563:Parinirvana 4465:Uppalavanna 4430:Mahākaccana 4415:Mahākassapa 4347:Kṣitigarbha 4342:Ākāśagarbha 4239:Suddhodāna 4184:Four sights 4111:Foundations 3614:, Routledge 3605:, MIT Press 2710:Suzuki 1996 1892:Mindfulness 1828:Soyen Shaku 1571:Romanticism 1541:D.T. Suzuki 1535:D.T. Suzuki 1504:Shin Bukkyō 1476:D.T. Suzuki 1470:in 1893 at 1468:Soyen Shaku 1347:Girō Seno’o 1343:Soka Gakkai 1280:rationalism 1157:New Zealand 1012:Bodhisattva 997:Four Stages 952:Monasticism 932:Mindfulness 902:Perfections 832:Early Texts 356:Korean Seon 228:Nyanatiloka 9961:Categories 9817:Maximalism 9752:Literature 9427:Wiesenthal 9329:Cunningham 9322:Balanchine 9302:Witkiewicz 9274:Strindberg 9260:Pirandello 9232:Mayakovsky 9107:Stravinsky 9079:Schoenberg 8898:Performing 8823:Metropolis 8614:Mendelsohn 8419:Rossellini 8412:Richardson 8223:Fassbinder 8209:Eisenstein 8146:Cassavetes 7902:Modigliani 7776:Goncharova 7762:Giacometti 7156:Dos Passos 6958:Literature 6917:Surrealism 6828:Die Brücke 6596:Psychology 6576:Gnosticism 6564:Comparison 6559:Influences 6541:Comparison 6424:Bhavacakra 6382:Kushinagar 6357:Pilgrimage 6303:Māgha Pūjā 6258:Bodhi Tree 6074:Buddhology 6064:Abhidharma 6056:Philosophy 5989:Menander I 5857:Costa Rica 5808:Uzbekistan 5649:Bangladesh 5603:Dhammapada 5587:Pali Canon 5549:Ajahn Chah 5529:Dalai Lama 5429:Kumārajīva 5424:Vasubandhu 5399:The Buddha 5307:Zen master 5242:Sakadagami 5222:Buddhahood 5153:Pratimokṣa 4968:Shikantaza 4924:Meditation 4899:Deity yoga 4770:Madhyamaka 4663:Deva realm 4558:Mindstream 4508:Bodhicitta 4420:Aṅgulimāla 4287:Devadatta 4263:Yaśodharā 4166:The Buddha 4156:Middle Way 4002:17 October 3670:. Aucana. 3548:Lopez 2002 3240:Hayes 2013 3228:Konik 2009 3036:Queen 2015 2764:Queen 2015 2749:Queen 2015 2686:James 1902 2659:Sharf 1993 2593:Sharf 1993 2574:Sharf 1993 2368:Lopez 2008 2094:Lopez 2002 2082:References 1939:James Ford 1848:Alan Watts 1812:Ole Nydahl 1746:Buddhists. 1569:, English 1512:Max Muller 1411:meditation 1276:monotheism 1030:Traditions 967:Pilgrimage 907:Meditation 867:Post-canon 847:Pāli Canon 777:Middle Way 674:The Buddha 506:Traditions 416:In the USA 362:Seung Sahn 303:Rinzai Zen 222:In Germany 216:Ajahn Chah 200:In England 163:In Germany 151:In England 97:Historical 9967:Modernism 9866:Pulp noir 9824:Modernity 9689:Film noir 9413:St. Denis 9336:Diaghilev 9072:Schaeffer 8995:Hindemith 8974:Dutilleux 8946:Boulanger 8751:The Dance 8447:Tarkovsky 8440:Sternberg 8272:Hitchcock 8188:Dovzhenko 8104:Antonioni 8049:Stieglitz 7888:Metzinger 7839:Kokoschka 7818:Kandinsky 7232:Aldington 7225:Akhmatova 7142:Marinetti 7135:Mansfield 7086:Hemingway 6924:Symbolism 6743:Movements 6736:Modernism 6664:Festivals 6644:Buddhists 6606:Theosophy 6409:Symbolism 6399:Hama yumi 6372:Bodh Gaya 6139:Socialism 6114:Evolution 6089:Economics 5927:Venezuela 5842:Australia 5837:Argentina 5761:Sri Lanka 5756:Singapore 5674:Indonesia 5636:Countries 5577:Tripiṭaka 5539:Ajahn Mun 5414:Nagarjuna 5409:Aśvaghoṣa 5292:Anagārika 5287:Śrāmaṇerī 5282:Śrāmaṇera 5277:Bhikkhunī 5237:Sotāpanna 5126:Passaddhi 5067:Offerings 5042:Nekkhamma 4919:Iddhipada 4839:Practices 4809:Theravada 4782:Vajrayana 4775:Yogachara 4745:Pure Land 4658:Six Paths 4645:Cosmology 4425:Anuruddha 4400:Sāriputta 4390:Kaundinya 4382:Disciples 4357:Vajrapāṇi 4209:Footprint 4174:Tathāgata 3913:161535877 3897:0018-2710 3462:144740283 3255:Lamb 2001 3083:144876289 2521:Webb 2005 1935:See also: 1707:Vipassana 1644:Karl Marx 1621:Theravada 1558:mysticism 1440:modernism 1311:Vajrayana 1303:Theravada 1177:Sri Lanka 1167:Singapore 1122:Indonesia 1062:Vajrayāna 1037:Theravāda 992:Awakening 880:Practices 837:Tripiṭaka 807:Cosmology 782:Emptiness 762:Suffering 522:Vajrayana 512:Theravada 433:In Canada 404:In the UK 297:Hsing Yun 292:Sheng-yen 287:Hsuan Hua 9948:Category 9549:Fountain 9453:Don Juan 9392:Nijinsky 9288:Wedekind 9267:Piscator 9162:Anderson 9086:Scriabin 9002:Honegger 8663:Sullivan 8649:Saarinen 8642:Rietveld 8635:Niemeyer 8607:Melnikov 8537:Bunshaft 8468:Truffaut 8433:Sjöström 8377:Pudovkin 8349:Minnelli 8314:Kurosawa 8307:Kuleshov 8237:Flaherty 8063:Vuillard 8042:Steichen 8000:Rousseau 7965:Pissarro 7944:O'Keeffe 7909:Mondrian 7860:Malevich 7853:Magritte 7825:Kirchner 7769:van Gogh 7720:Doesburg 7699:Delaunay 7692:Delaunay 7615:Brâncuși 7601:Boccioni 7564:Painting 7414:Williams 7337:Mallarmé 7253:Cendrars 7163:Platonov 7121:Lawrence 7114:Koestler 7051:Flaubert 7044:Faulkner 7009:Bulgakov 6938:Tonalism 6899:De Stijl 6883:Lettrism 6869:Futurism 6760:Art Deco 6682:Category 6611:Violence 6581:Hinduism 6529:Sanskrit 6484:Hinayana 6469:Amitābha 6429:Swastika 6298:Uposatha 6288:Holidays 6273:Calendar 6119:Humanism 5957:Kanishka 5947:Timeline 5771:Thailand 5739:Kalmykia 5734:Buryatia 5719:Pakistan 5704:Mongolia 5699:Maldives 5694:Malaysia 5659:Cambodia 5524:Shamarpa 5519:Nichiren 5469:Xuanzang 5404:Nagasena 5322:Rinpoche 5052:Pāramitā 4894:Devotion 4814:Navayana 4802:Dzogchen 4765:Nichiren 4713:Mahayana 4705:Branches 4583:Saṅkhāra 4332:Mañjuśrī 4289:(cousin) 4281:(cousin) 4249:(mother) 4241:(father) 4229:Miracles 4179:Birthday 4096:Glossary 4069:Buddhism 3639:Buddhism 3275:Buddhism 1866:See also 1671:Navayana 1629:Hinduism 1625:Mahayana 1567:idealism 1401:Overview 1341:such as 1335:Navayana 1307:Mahayana 1288:Romantic 1272:Buddhism 1187:Thailand 1147:Mongolia 1142:Malaysia 1107:Cambodia 1072:Navayana 1052:Hinayana 1047:Mahāyāna 957:Lay life 787:Morality 767:Not-self 725:Concepts 684:Councils 669:Timeline 641:Glossary 623:Buddhism 615:a series 613:Part of 527:Navayana 517:Mahayana 495:Buddhism 451:Exchange 320:Soto Zen 314:Sokei-an 9603:Related 9465:Ubu Roi 9420:Tamiris 9406:Sokolow 9385:Massine 9253:Osborne 9246:O'Neill 9239:O'Casey 9197:Chekhov 9183:Beckett 9169:Anouilh 9153:Theatre 9100:Strauss 9058:Russolo 9037:Milhaud 9016:Janáček 8988:Górecki 8981:Feldman 8967:Debussy 8960:Copland 8918:Antheil 8656:Steiner 8579:Johnson 8558:Guimard 8551:Gropius 8398:Resnais 8300:Kubrick 8230:Fellini 8216:Epstein 8202:Edwards 8167:Cocteau 8153:Chaplin 8125:Bresson 8118:Bergman 8097:Aldrich 8090:Akerman 8035:Soutine 8007:Schiele 7958:Picasso 7951:Picabia 7881:Matisse 7755:Gauguin 7727:Duchamp 7685:Kooning 7664:Claudel 7657:Chirico 7650:Chagall 7643:Cézanne 7636:Cassatt 7608:Bonnard 7594:Bellows 7587:Balthus 7464:Ulysses 7386:Stevens 7379:Seferis 7198:Unamuno 7037:Forster 7016:Chekhov 6981:Beckett 6910:Orphism 6876:Imagism 6860:Bauhaus 6846:Fauvism 6751:Acmeism 6659:Temples 6639:Buddhas 6601:Science 6591:Judaism 6586:Jainism 6504:Lineage 6464:Abhijñā 6434:Thangka 6377:Sarnath 6362:Lumbini 6283:Funeral 6278:Cuisine 6154:Culture 6129:Reality 6079:Creator 6069:Atomism 5939:History 5912:Ukraine 5872:Germany 5791:Senegal 5781:Vietnam 5709:Myanmar 5509:Shinran 5499:Karmapa 5474:Shandao 5444:Dignāga 5369:Śrāvaka 5349:Donchee 5344:Kappiya 5302:Sayadaw 5272:Bhikkhu 5247:Anāgāmi 5204:Nirvana 5170:Samadhi 5057:Paritta 4998:Tonglen 4993:Mandala 4948:Smarana 4929:Mantras 4877:Upekkha 4847:Bhavana 4797:Shingon 4750:Tiantai 4603:Tathātā 4593:Śūnyatā 4588:Skandha 4578:Saṃsāra 4573:Rebirth 4548:Kleshas 4538:Indriya 4440:Subhūti 4325:Guanyin 4279:Ānanda 4271:Rāhula 4151:Nirvana 4091:Outline 3905:1062782 3632:, BRIIL 1768:anatman 1728:nirvana 1615:leader 1520:bushido 1456:Western 1428:nirvana 1421:History 1395:Tzu Chi 1373:), the 1351:Dobokai 1296:Western 1197:Vietnam 1152:Myanmar 1067:Tibetan 1057:Chinese 985:Nirvāṇa 802:Saṃsāra 797:Rebirth 662:History 651:Outline 53:in the 9589:(1953) 9577:(1928) 9565:(1921) 9553:(1917) 9541:(1913) 9529:(1912) 9517:(1910) 9505:(1905) 9501:Salome 9493:(1902) 9481:(1899) 9469:(1896) 9457:(1888) 9434:Wigman 9364:Graham 9357:Fuller 9350:Fokine 9343:Duncan 9295:Wilder 9281:Toller 9218:Kaiser 9190:Brecht 9176:Artaud 9135:Webern 9121:Varèse 9051:Partch 9023:Ligeti 8953:Boulez 8925:Bartók 8883:(1943) 8871:(1941) 8859:(1936) 8849:(1931) 8839:(1929) 8827:(1927) 8815:(1925) 8803:(1923) 8791:(1920) 8779:(1915) 8767:(1912) 8743:(1907) 8731:(1889) 8719:(1887) 8707:(1886) 8684:Wright 8670:Tatlin 8628:Neutra 8530:Breuer 8496:Welles 8482:Vertov 8405:Renoir 8356:Murnau 8342:Marker 8335:Lupino 8293:Keaton 8279:Hubley 8265:Godard 8251:Fuller 8195:Dreyer 8174:Dassin 8132:Buñuel 8028:Sisley 8021:Signac 8014:Seurat 7986:Renoir 7804:Hopper 7706:Demuth 7629:Calder 7622:Braque 7573:Albers 7540:(1929) 7516:(1926) 7504:(1925) 7492:(1924) 7480:(1922) 7468:(1922) 7456:(1915) 7407:Valéry 7393:Thomas 7358:Pessoa 7302:George 7295:Elytis 7288:Éluard 7274:Desnos 7246:Cavafy 7216:Poetry 7177:Proust 7170:Porter 7072:Hamsun 7030:Döblin 7023:Conrad 6995:Breton 6974:Barnes 6794:Cubism 6654:Sutras 6649:Suttas 6514:Siddhi 6499:Koliya 6474:Brahmā 6389:Poetry 6335:Mantra 6325:Kasaya 6197:Pagoda 6177:Kyaung 6172:Vihāra 6167:Temple 6109:Ethics 5952:Ashoka 5902:Sweden 5897:Poland 5892:Norway 5882:Mexico 5867:France 5852:Canada 5847:Brazil 5786:Africa 5766:Taiwan 5729:Russia 5654:Bhutan 5614:Vinaya 5494:Naropa 5484:Saraha 5419:Asanga 5175:Prajñā 5084:Refuge 5047:Nianfo 5008:Tertön 5003:Tantra 4988:Ganana 4978:Tukdam 4904:Dhyāna 4872:Mudita 4867:Karuṇā 4760:Risshū 4755:Huayan 4688:Naraka 4628:Anattā 4623:Dukkha 4618:Anicca 4523:Dharma 4475:Channa 4410:Ānanda 4395:Assaji 4362:Skanda 4265:(wife) 4234:Family 4214:Relics 4139:Sangha 4134:Dharma 4129:Buddha 3971: 3952: 3931: 3911: 3903: 3895: 3866:28 May 3857: 3836: 3817: 3799: 3772: 3753: 3734: 3698: 3674: 3656: 3590: 3527: 3498: 3460: 3423: 3353: 3331:Quote: 3321: 3282: 3191: 3161: 3133: 3106: 3081: 3019: 2971: 2944: 2879: 2852: 2825: 2732: 2642: 2615: 2456: 2429: 2402: 2331: 2199: 2169: 2125: 1834:, and 1781:dukkha 1777:dukkha 1773:dukkha 1655:Anatta 1588:Taoism 1573:, and 1377:, the 1361:, the 1286:; and 1266:, and 1182:Taiwan 1162:Russia 1102:Brazil 1097:Bhutan 1017:Buddha 937:Wisdom 720:Dharma 51:Buddha 9759:Post- 9745:Music 9444:Works 9399:Shawn 9378:Laban 9313:Dance 9211:Jarry 9204:Ibsen 9142:Weill 9065:Satie 8939:Berio 8909:Music 8694:Works 8621:Nervi 8565:Horta 8544:Gaudí 8503:Wiene 8475:Varda 8461:Trnka 8370:Pabst 8328:Losey 8286:Jones 8258:Gance 8181:Deren 8160:Clair 8139:Carné 8111:Avery 7993:Rodin 7979:Redon 7937:Nolde 7930:Munch 7923:Moore 7916:Monet 7867:Manet 7846:Léger 7811:Kahlo 7790:Grosz 7748:Ernst 7741:Ensor 7678:Degas 7431:Works 7421:Yeats 7400:Tzara 7372:Rilke 7365:Pound 7344:Moore 7316:Lorca 7309:Jacob 7281:Eliot 7260:Crane 7239:Auden 7205:Woolf 7191:Svevo 7184:Stein 7149:Musil 7107:Kafka 7100:Joyce 7093:Hesse 7079:Hašek 7002:Broch 6837:Music 6626:Lists 6494:Kalpa 6489:Iddhi 6352:Music 6347:Mudra 6313:Vassa 6293:Vesak 6263:Budai 6209:Candi 6192:Stupa 6124:Logic 5877:Italy 5776:Tibet 5714:Nepal 5684:Korea 5679:Japan 5669:India 5664:China 5609:Sutra 5564:Texts 5514:Dōgen 5504:Hōnen 5489:Atiśa 5454:Zhiyi 5364:Achar 5332:Tulku 5327:Geshe 5312:Rōshi 5297:Ajahn 5252:Arhat 5212:Bodhi 5182:Vīrya 5099:Sacca 5094:Satya 5089:Sādhu 5077:Music 5020:Merit 5013:Terma 4973:Zazen 4909:Faith 4862:Mettā 4543:Karma 4503:Bardo 4470:Asita 4460:Khema 4450:Upāli 4435:Nanda 4273:(son) 4247:Māyā 4224:Films 4101:Index 3909:S2CID 3901:JSTOR 3575:, APH 3458:S2CID 3079:S2CID 1958:kamma 1903:Notes 1715:karma 1613:Dalit 1586:, in 1192:Tibet 1132:Korea 1127:Japan 1117:India 1112:China 1077:Newar 1002:Arhat 792:Karma 646:Index 9371:Holm 9044:Nono 9009:Ives 8932:Berg 8900:arts 8677:Mies 8600:Loos 8586:Kahn 8510:Wood 8489:Vigo 8454:Tati 8426:Sirk 8321:Lang 8244:Ford 8081:Film 8070:Wood 7895:Miró 7874:Marc 7832:Klee 7797:Höch 7783:Gris 7734:Dufy 7671:Dalí 7351:Owen 7267:H.D. 7128:Mann 7065:Gide 7058:Ford 6988:Bely 6801:Dada 6524:Pāḷi 6509:Māra 6419:Flag 5820:Iran 5744:Tuva 5689:Laos 5317:Lama 5165:Śīla 5133:Śīla 5121:Pīti 5111:Sati 5062:Puja 4983:Koan 4889:Dāna 4480:Yasa 4367:Tārā 4004:2017 3969:ISBN 3950:ISBN 3929:ISBN 3893:ISSN 3868:2009 3855:ISBN 3834:ISBN 3815:ISBN 3797:ISBN 3770:ISBN 3751:ISBN 3732:ISBN 3696:ISBN 3672:ISBN 3654:ISBN 3588:ISBN 3525:ISBN 3496:ISBN 3421:ISBN 3351:ISBN 3319:ISBN 3280:ISBN 3189:ISBN 3159:ISBN 3131:ISBN 3104:ISBN 3017:ISBN 2969:ISBN 2942:ISBN 2877:ISBN 2850:ISBN 2823:ISBN 2730:ISBN 2640:ISBN 2613:ISBN 2454:ISBN 2427:ISBN 2400:ISBN 2329:ISBN 2197:ISBN 2167:ISBN 2123:ISBN 1846:and 1741:and 1653:and 1623:and 1466:and 1309:and 1282:and 1137:Laos 1042:Pāli 8363:Ozu 7972:Ray 7713:Dix 7580:Arp 6246:Art 6182:Wat 4718:Zen 3885:doi 3789:doi 3450:doi 3071:doi 2910:doi 2790:doi 2300:doi 2267:doi 1673:or 9963:: 9927:← 5748:ru 3992:22 3990:. 3986:. 3907:. 3899:. 3891:. 3881:33 3879:. 3795:, 3719:33 3717:. 3713:. 3456:. 3446:13 3444:. 3401:^ 3329:, 3262:^ 3247:^ 3218:^ 3203:^ 3173:^ 3077:. 3067:12 3065:. 2924:^ 2906:38 2904:. 2900:. 2805:^ 2786:38 2784:. 2780:. 2756:^ 2666:^ 2585:^ 2468:^ 2313:^ 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