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Bodhicitta

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The practice and realization of bodhicitta are independent of sectarian considerations, since they are fundamentally a part of the human experience. Bodhisattvas are not only recognized in the Theravāda school of Buddhism, but in all other religious traditions and among those of no formal religious
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Those who long to transcend the hundreds of miseries of existence, who long to relieve creatures of their sorrows, who long to enjoy many hundreds of joys, must never abandon bodhicitta. When bodhicitta has arisen in him, a wretch, captive in the prison of existence, he is straightway hailed son of
2204:. Practitioners of the Mahāyāna make it their primary goal to develop genuine uncontrived bodhicitta, which remains within their mindstreams continuously without having to rely on conscious effort. This is assisted by numerous methods, contemplation, rituals and meditations, such as: relying on a 2538:
The practice can be divided into three parts: 1) mind training, 2) arousing bodhicitta, and 3) training in what to adopt and what to avoid. These can be called the 1) preliminary practice, 2) main practice, and 3) concluding practice. The preliminary practice is training in the four boundless
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the aspiration to bring about the welfare of all sentient beings and to attain buddhahood for their sake - is really the distilled essence, the squeeze juice, of all the Buddha's teachings, because ultimately, the Buddha's intention is to lead all sentient beings to perfect
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Tibetan Buddhists maintain that there are two main ways to cultivate Bodhichitta, the "Seven Causes and Effects" that originates from Maitreya and was taught by Atisha, and "Exchanging Self and Others," taught by Shantideva and originally by Manjushri.
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The Mahāyāna tradition provides specific methods for the intentional cultivation of both absolute and relative bodhicitta. This cultivation is considered to be a fundamental aspect of the path to
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Others as more important: Viewing all other sentient beings as having been our mothers in infinite past lives, and feeling gratitude for the many occasions on which they have taken care of us.
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All the conducive causes and auspicious conditions should be complete for bodhicitta to properly arise. After continued training, these qualities can arise in the mind without contrivance.
2014:, define bodhicitta as an immanent inner awakening. For example, Anesaki writes that bodhicitta is "the primordial essence of our mind, which in itself consists in the supreme bodhi." 2104:(śunyatā, a Sanskrit term often translated as "emptiness", though the alternatives "vast expanse" or "openness" or "spaciousness" probably convey the idea better to Westerners). 1970:
in early Mahāyāna works was less well defined and meant a "certain state of mind" characteristic of a bodhisattva. According to Ulrich Pagel, numerous Mahāyāna sūtras, like the
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qualities. The main practice is arousing Bodhicitta and taking vows. The concluding practice is training in what to adopt and guarding without fail against what to avoid.
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O may I obtain supreme and perfect Enlightenment, promote the good of all beings, and establish them in the final and complete nirvana and in the Buddha-knowledge!
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and aspiration prayers or chants which help give rise to bodhicitta. One popular chant in India and presently throughout the Mahayana world is the
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The arising of the mind is a desire for perfect, complete Bodhi, for the sake of others (Skt. cittotpādaḥ parārthāya samyaksambodhikāmatā)
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may be translated as "awakening mind" or "mind of enlightenment". It is also sometimes translated as "the thought of enlightenment."
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One short prayer for bodhicitta which is very popular in Tibetan Buddhism was composed by the Indian paṇḍita Dīpaṁkaraśrījñāna (
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Studia Philologica Buddhica XXIII. The Resolve to Become a Buddha: A Study of the Bodhicitta Concept in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism
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Mahayana Buddhist thinkers also developed different models which described different forms and levels of bodhicitta.
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This text, originally an independent set of verses, is cited in numerous sources and was known to figures like
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Slogan 7. Sending and taking should be practiced alternately. These two should ride the breath (aka. practice
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Slogan 2. Regard all dharmas as dreams; although experiences may seem solid, they are passing memories.
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is a state of mind in which the practitioner works for the good of all beings as if it were their own.
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Among the many methods for developing uncontrived bodhicitta given in Tibetan Mahāyāna teachings are:
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A common Tibetan Buddhist distinction is that between relative and absolute (or ultimate) bodhicitta.
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AROUSING BODHICITTA, THE ROOT OF THE MAHAYANA: COMMENTARY BY KHENPO NAMDROL: KUNZANG LAMA'I ZHALUNG
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if it is conjoined with bodhicitta. Bodhicitta is the primary positive factor to be cultivated.
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sources. According to Paul Williams, the basic meaning of bodhicitta in Indian sources (such as
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According to Patrul Rinpoche, the way of the shepherd bodhisattva is the best and highest way.
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the permanent kind of bodhicitta which cannot be lost and leads directly to enlightenment.
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to dedicate with the aspiration to realize the innermost meaning and realize to attain
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explains that the arising of bodhicitta is the first step in the bodhisattva's career.
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which is recited in some traditions of esoteric Buddhism. The Sanskrit mantra is:
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According to Indian sources, the bodhicitta aspiration provides incalculable
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The term bodhicitta is defined and explained in different ways by different
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with these serving as the basis, the way to meditate on giving and taking (
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Furthermore, according to Shantideva, there are two types of bodhicitta:
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The World of Tibetan Buddhism: An Overview of Its Philosophy and Practice
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A. So as to arouse Bodhicitta, the main aspect, the Four Immeasurables (
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contemplating the many good qualities resulting from cherishing others;
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Fischer adds that bodhicitta, along with the mind of great compassion (
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The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment Volume 2
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Oṃ Bodhicittam Utpādayāmi (Om I aspire to develop the Awakened mind).
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Zugchen, His Eminence Lopon Natsok (2018). Dawa, Khenpo Dawa (ed.).
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The Royal Vow to follow the Noble Course of Conduct of Samantabhadra
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Slogan 10. Begin the sequence of sending and taking with yourself.
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Buddhism of Wisdom & Faith: Pure Land Principles and Practice
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Awakening the Buddha Within: Tibetan Wisdom for the Western World
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Awakening the Buddha Within: Tibetan Wisdom for the Western World
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Training in Compassion: Zen Teachings on the Practice of Lojong
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the actual contemplation on the interchange of self and others;
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formula is a common method of developing bodhicitta, they are:
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For definitions of the components of the term see Wiktionary:
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The two main traditions in taking the Bodhicitta vows are: 1)
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contemplating the many faults resulting from self-cherishing;
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there are two main stages of the development of bodhicitta:
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the Sugatas , to be revered in the worlds of gods and men.
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the second method consists of the following meditations:
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Excellent Part to Omniscience: Vast Expanse Heart Essence
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature
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C. So as to apply Bodhicitta and achieve enlightenment:
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Sentient beings are numberless, I vow to save them all;
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Some bodhicitta practices emphasize the absolute (e.g.
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Others as equal to self: Exchanging self and others: (
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Dharma doors are boundless, I vow to master them all;
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Afflictions are inexhaustible, I vow to end them all;
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An Open Heart: Practicing Compassion in Everyday Life
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Slogan 6. In post-meditation, be a child of illusion.
2412:) the Sending and Receiving while breathing practice, 3593:"Bodhicitta The Path of Compassionate Enlightenment" 2006:
Some modern East Asian authors on Buddhism, such as
1900:, bodhicitta has two objects of thought or themes ( 1795:Bodhicitta is the defining quality of the Mahayana 3727: 2472:Slogan 3. Examine the nature of unborn awareness. 2331:Buddhahood is unsurpassable, I vow to attain it. 2188:) can be done in a mundane sense, or it can be a 2045: 1821:Etymologically, the word is a combination of the 6571: 3862:. International Institute for Buddhist Studies. 3706:: The Wish-Fulfilling Gem of the Noble Teachings 3340:: The Wish-Fulfilling Gem of the Noble Teachings 2510:Slogan 9. In all activities, train with slogans. 2378:Immeasurable Joy in the Good Fortune of Others ( 1747: 2781: – Set of moral codes in Mahayana Buddhism 2072:bodhicitta which is a mere wish or aspiration ( 1807:is what makes a bodhisattva a bodhisattva. The 3804: 1630: 1619: 1579: 3912: 3642:"The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva" 2149:), while others emphasize the relative (e.g. 1604: 1593: 1537: 892: 4694:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 3063:Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 3043:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2972:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2683:as one of the greatest modern bodhisattvas. 1803:) and the act of giving rise to bodhicitta ( 1671: 1917:Similarly, in the Ornament of Realization ( 1645: 3919: 3905: 3612: 2475:Slogan 4. Self-liberate even the antidote. 1719: 1544: 1530: 899: 885: 3832:Steps on the Path to Enlightenment Vol. 1 3826: 3491: 3287:. Shambhala International. Archived from 3177: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3116: 3114: 3112: 2312:In East Asian Buddhism, reciting Sramana 2028:), motivates one to attain enlightenment 3852: 3566:. Buddhist Missionary Society. pp.  3523: 3245: 3057: 2721:A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way Of Life 2602: 2245:Ārya-samantabhadra-caryā-praṇidhāna-rāja 2119:describes three degrees of bodhicitta: 6585:Tibetan Buddhist philosophical concepts 5881:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 3467:Lingpa, Kunchen Jigme (June 21, 2017). 3438: 3334: 3309: 3277: 3213: 3162:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 62. 3120: 3091:Illuminating the Path to Enlightenment, 2991:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 61. 2739:Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva 2619:recognizing all beings as your mothers; 2615:the seven causes and effects are thus: 2425:The repeated Pāramitās practice cycle: 6572: 6084:List of Buddhist architecture in China 3778: 3752: 3722: 3466: 3366:, pp. 59-63. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 3166: 3109: 2941: 2288:dānādikr̥ tyaiś ca kr̥ tair mayaibhir 2087: 2061:a kind of bodhicitta which can be lost 1837:means "awakening" or "enlightenment". 3900: 3374: 3372: 3219:Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism 3157: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3053: 3051: 2986: 1988: 1923:), bodhicitta is defined as follows: 3668:"Eight Verses for Training the Mind" 3385:New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 3378: 3089:His Holiness the Dalai Lama (2011). 3000: 2998: 2982: 2980: 2284:buddhaṁ ca dharmaṁ ca gaṇottamaṁ ca 3590: 3546: 3526:Liberation in the Palm of Your Hand 3439:NAMDROL, KHENPO (October 6, 2010). 2901: 2835: 2212:, and contemplating the defects of 1910:and the good of the living beings ( 13: 5871:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 3758:An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics 3701:, Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen (1998). 3691: 3369: 3146: 3106:, p. 59. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 3048: 3032:, p. 62. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2892:, p. 50. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2879:, p. 59. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2749:Eight Verses for Training the Mind 2675:tradition. The present fourteenth 2482:, the essence, the present moment. 2348: 2303:by the good deeds of giving, etc., 995:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 990:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 14: 6596: 3877: 3469:The Excellent Path to Omniscience 2995: 2977: 2758:Training the Mind in Seven Points 2625:the wish to repay their kindness; 2531:'s profound view chariot and, 2) 2231:Buddhist traditions is to recite 2176:Buddhist practice focuses on the 1857: 6552: 6542: 6541: 6099:Thai temple art and architecture 5844:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 4084:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 3950: 3937: 3927: 3784:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3704:The Jewel Ornament of Liberation 3338:The Jewel Ornament of Liberation 2478:Slogan 5. Rest in the nature of 2301:I go for refuge until awakening; 2286:yāvad dhi bodhiṁ śaraṇaṁ prayāmi 1879:) for the suffering of others." 1511: 930: 40: 6580:Buddhist philosophical concepts 3951: 3660: 3634: 3606: 3584: 3517: 3485: 3460: 3432: 3408: 3395: 3379:Osto, Douglas (December 2010). 3356: 3328: 3303: 3239: 3207: 3096: 3083: 3035: 3022: 2686: 2669: 2394:B. So as to aspire Bodhicitta: 1841:derives from the Sanskrit root 6089:Japanese Buddhist architecture 5891:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 4971:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 4162:Places where the Buddha stayed 3620:. Back Bay Books. p. 23. 2964: 2944:What Is Buddhist Enlightenment 2935: 2895: 2882: 2869: 2829: 2803: 2649:how self and others are equal; 2582: 2364:Immeasurable Loving-Kindness ( 2361:) contemplation and practice: 2299:and the Best among Assemblies, 2290:buddho bhaveyaṁ jagato hitāya 2195: 2046:Types and stages of bodhicitta 1776:) that is aimed at awakening ( 1: 6104:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 2823: 2227:A common practice in various 1852: 5861:Buddhism and the Roman world 5837:Decline of Buddhism in India 5832:History of Buddhism in India 3932:   Topics in 3810:A Guide to the Buddhist Path 3675:Prison Mindfulness Institute 2622:recollecting their kindness; 1947:(8th century) writes in his 1816: 1193:Buddhist Paths to liberation 7: 5059:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 4799: 3591:Ray, Amit (16 March 2017). 3524:Rinpoche, Pabongka (1991). 3312:The 100-Day Ngondro Retreat 3252:Words of My Perfect Teacher 3093:p. 108.Thubten Dhargye Ling 2764: 2336:There is also a bodhicitta 2220:), mindfulness and wisdom ( 2168: 2109:Words of My Perfect Teacher 1731: 1705: 1683: 1657: 1631: 1605: 382: 350: 318: 295: 10: 6601: 6009:The unanswerable questions 3812:. Windhorse Publications. 3762:Cambridge University Press 3342:. Shambhala. p. 149. 2566:. Invocation; Confession; 2548:preliminary practice cycle 2297:In the Buddha, the Dharma, 1799:(a being striving towards 6537: 6489: 6404: 6319: 6094:Buddhist temples in Korea 6017: 5919: 5802: 5499: 5427: 5254: 5127: 5067: 4702: 4657:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 4568: 4560:Three planes of existence 4508: 4353: 4245: 4175: 4167:Buddha in world religions 4029: 3974: 3946: 3884:Compassion and Bodhicitta 3285:"The Practice of Tonglen" 2974:, pp. 194-195. Routledge. 2679:, for instance, regarded 2580:channels, inner air, and 2503:Slogan 8. Three objects, 2385:Immeasurable Equanimity ( 2371:Immeasurable Compassion ( 1755: 1741: 1720: 1713: 1698: 1691: 1672: 1665: 1646: 1639: 1620: 1613: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1565: 1558: 5876:Persecution of Buddhists 5097:Four stages of awakening 4478:Three marks of existence 4064:Physical characteristics 3187:Natural Great Perfection 2942:Wright, Dale S. (2016). 2797: 2136:Shepherd-like bodhicitta 5239:Ten principal disciples 4122:(aunt, adoptive mother) 3830:; Pratt, David (2004). 3563:Gems of Buddhist Wisdom 3041:Williams, Paul (2008). 2970:Williams, Paul (2008). 2948:Oxford University Press 2760:in the 12th century CE. 2576:Mind Series Bodhichitta 2208:, taking refuge in the 2130:Boatman-like bodhicitta 1896:Thus, according to the 1788:for the benefit of all 1213:Philosophical reasoning 385:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra 5949:Buddhism and democracy 5462:Tibetan Buddhist canon 5457:Chinese Buddhist canon 4689:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 4684:Early Buddhist schools 3892:Buddhism for Beginners 3788:Snow Lion Publications 3501:Snow Lion Publications 3257:Shambhala Publications 3223:Shambhala Publications 3191:Snow Lion Publications 3130:Shambhala Publications 2710:The Bodhisattva Levels 2346: 2334: 2310: 2307:may I become a Buddha 2293: 2019:Zoketsu Norman Fischer 2004: 1960: 1929: 1894: 1748: 980:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 415:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra 362:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras 5959:Eight Consciousnesses 4069:Life of Buddha in art 3558:Maha Thera, Piyadassi 3448:. Knandrol. p. 2 2634:wholehearted resolve; 2603:Two practice lineages 2342: 2322: 2294: 2279: 1999: 1955: 1939:, a weakening of the 1925: 1890: 1248:Aids to Enlightenment 1073:Dependent Origination 376:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 353:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 297:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 282:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras 6436:East Asian religions 5866:Buddhism in the West 5437:Early Buddhist texts 5052:Four Right Exertions 4518:Ten spiritual realms 4011:Noble Eightfold Path 3291:on February 12, 2015 3225:. pp. 197–199. 3045:, p. 195. Routledge. 2779:Bodhisattva Precepts 2517:When only realizing 2241:Vows of Good Conduct 2237:Bhadracaripraṇidhāna 2124:King-like bodhicitta 1757:Glossary of Buddhism 1218:Devotional practices 1041:Noble Eightfold Path 127:Bodhisattva Precepts 87:Transcendent Virtues 6559:Religion portal 6306:Temple of the Tooth 6185:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 5224:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 4717:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 4500:Two truths doctrine 4320:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4120:Mahapajapati Gotamī 3889:What is bodhicitta? 3836:Wisdom Publications 3828:Sopa, Geshe Lhundub 3736:Wisdom Publications 3554:Dhammananda, K. Sri 3530:Wisdom Publications 3362:Dayal, Har (1970). 3158:Dayal, Har (1970). 3102:Dayal, Har (1970). 3028:Dayal, Har (1970). 2987:Dayal, Har (1970). 2888:Dayal, Har (1970). 2875:Dayal, Har (1970). 2492:Relative Bodhicitta 2465:Absolute Bodhicitta 2098:Absolute bodhicitta 2094:Relative bodhicitta 2088:In Tibetan Buddhism 2081:bodhiprasthanacitta 2079:active bodhicitta ( 1977:see the arising of 1706:byang chub kyi sems 1518:Buddhism portal 1391:Buddhism by country 1153:Sanskrit literature 798:Regional traditions 337:Lalitavistara Sūtra 312:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra 305:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra 201:Prajñāpāramitā Devī 117:Non-abiding Nirvana 82:Transcendent Wisdom 16:Concept in Buddhism 6481:Western philosophy 6079:Dzong architecture 5901:Vipassana movement 5896:Buddhist modernism 5324:Emperor Wen of Sui 5092:Pratyekabuddhayāna 5025:Threefold Training 4827:Vipassana movement 4543:Hungry Ghost realm 4363:Avidyā (Ignorance) 4310:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 4059:Great Renunciation 4054:Eight Great Events 3936:    3006:"Saugatam - texts" 2950:. pp. 129ff. 2741:(12th century CE), 2695:on bodhicitta for 2562:'s lineage of the 2074:bodhipranidhicitta 1989:Modern definitions 1569:enlightenment-mind 1005:Buddhist modernism 422:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 408:Golden Light Sutra 321:Vimalakirtinirdeśa 137:Bodhisattva stages 102:Consciousness-only 6567: 6566: 6205:Om mani padme hum 5911:Women in Buddhism 5827:Buddhist councils 5697:Western countries 5485:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 5246:Shaolin Monastery 4823:Samatha-vipassanā 4433:Pratītyasamutpāda 4237:Metteyya/Maitreya 4155: 4147: 4139: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4107: 3984:Four Noble Truths 3869:978-4-906267-59-0 3401:Thích Thiện Tâm. 2751:(c. 1100 CE), and 2732:Bodhipathapradipa 2643:Pabongka Rinpoche 2631:great compassion; 2597:spiritual warrior 2178:Bodhisattva-ideal 2100:is the wisdom of 2055:Bodhisattvabhumi, 2053:According to the 1997:, bodhicitta is: 1993:According to the 1973:Bodhisattvapiṭaka 1920:Abhisamayālaṁkāra 1882:According to the 1872:Bodhipathapradipa 1864:Mahayana Buddhist 1810:Daśabhūmika Sūtra 1766:Mahayana Buddhism 1762: 1761: 1729: 1554: 1553: 1036:Four Noble Truths 909: 908: 394:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 369:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 344:Samādhirāja Sūtra 67:Mind of Awakening 33:Mahāyāna Buddhism 6592: 6557: 6556: 6545: 6544: 6384:Sacred languages 6232:Maya Devi Temple 6195:Mahabodhi Temple 5999:Secular Buddhism 5964:Engaged Buddhism 4804: 4652:Tibetan Buddhism 4603:Vietnamese Thiền 4202:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 4153: 4145: 4137: 4129: 4121: 4113: 4105: 3954: 3953: 3941: 3931: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3873: 3849: 3823: 3801: 3775: 3749: 3733: 3719: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3644:. 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1737: 1736: 1734: 1724: 1708: 1701: 1700: 1699:བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས 1686: 1675: 1674: 1660: 1649: 1648: 1634: 1623: 1622: 1608: 1597: 1596: 1583: 1582: 1556: 1555: 1546: 1539: 1532: 1516: 1515: 1243:Sublime abidings 934: 911: 910: 901: 894: 887: 676:Hongzhi Zhengjue 493:Tibetan Buddhism 401:Ghanavyūha sūtra 389: 357: 330:Pure Land Sutras 325: 300: 261:Wrathful deities 44: 34: 19: 18: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6551: 6533: 6485: 6400: 6315: 6052:Ordination hall 6013: 5915: 5886:Buddhist crisis 5798: 5495: 5447:Mahayana sutras 5423: 5419:Thích Nhất Hạnh 5250: 5123: 5063: 5013:Bodhisattva vow 4698: 4564: 4504: 4463:Taṇhā (Craving) 4398:Five hindrances 4349: 4241: 4171: 4025: 3970: 3942: 3925: 3880: 3870: 3854:Wangchuk, Dorji 3846: 3820: 3798: 3772: 3746: 3716: 3694: 3692:Further reading 3689: 3679: 3677: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3648:on June 3, 2004 3640: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3551: 3547: 3540: 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2796: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2755:Geshe Chekhawa 2752: 2742: 2735: 2725: 2713: 2688: 2685: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2604: 2601: 2578:nature in the 2515: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2501: 2494: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2350: 2347: 2323: 2295: 2280: 2197: 2194: 2170: 2167: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2077: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2047: 2044: 2002:enlightenment. 1990: 1987: 1935:(such as good 1859: 1858:Indian sources 1856: 1854: 1851: 1818: 1815: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1534: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1308:Pratyekabuddha 1305: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1263:Buddhist chant 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1124: 1121:Buddhist texts 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 966: 961: 960: 957: 956: 955: 954: 949: 944: 936: 935: 927: 926: 920: 919: 907: 906: 904: 903: 896: 889: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 812: 811: 800: 797: 796: 793: 792: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 741:Rangjung Dorje 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 711:Ratnākaraśānti 708: 703: 701:Śaṅkaranandana 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 651:Shāntarakshita 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 518:Chung Tai Shan 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 439: 434: 433: 430: 429: 426: 425: 418: 411: 404: 397: 390: 379: 372: 365: 358: 347: 340: 333: 326: 315: 308: 301: 292: 285: 277: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 221:Avalokiteśvara 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 168: 167: 164: 163: 160: 159: 157:Three Turnings 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 112:Three vehicles 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 77:Skillful Means 74: 69: 64: 59: 53: 50: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6597: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6548: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6321:Miscellaneous 6318: 6312: 6311:Vegetarianism 6309: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133:Buddha in art 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787:United States 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5344:Padmasambhava 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5256:Major figures 5253: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5202:Western tulku 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5003:Five precepts 5001: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:Dhamma vicaya 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4749:Buddhābhiṣeka 4747: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4393:Enlightenment 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4383:Dhamma theory 4381: 4379: 4378:Buddha-nature 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4217:Samantabhadra 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4134: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3871: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3754:Harvey, Peter 3751: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3715:9781559390927 3711: 3708:. Shambhala. 3707: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3676: 3669: 3663: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3594: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3444: 3443: 3435: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3373: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3349:9781559390927 3345: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3200:1-55939-049-2 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3141: 3139:9781611800401 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3092: 3086: 3078: 3076:9781134250578 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3044: 3038: 3031: 3025: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2990: 2983: 2981: 2973: 2967: 2959: 2957:9780190622596 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2878: 2872: 2864: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2828: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2745:Langri Tangpa 2743: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2681:Mother Teresa 2678: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2641:According to 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2611:According to 2609: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552:Samantabhadra 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2505:three poisons 2502: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2448: 2444: 2443:5) Meditation 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427:1) Generosity 2424: 2423: 2421: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2405:) practices: 2404: 2403:mind training 2400: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2332: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2291: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2157:practices of 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2017:According to 2015: 2013: 2009: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1964:Paul Williams 1962:According to 1959: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1733: 1727: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1557: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1327: 1326: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1273:Vegetarianism 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1228:Recollections 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1198:Five precepts 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1163:Chinese canon 1161: 1159: 1158:Tibetan canon 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 967: 964: 959: 958: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 938: 937: 933: 929: 928: 925: 922: 921: 917: 913: 912: 902: 897: 895: 890: 888: 883: 882: 880: 879: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 810: 807: 806: 805: 802: 801: 795: 794: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 731:Sakya Pandita 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 671:Dahui Zonggao 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 527: 526: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 503:Fo Guang Shan 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436:Major schools 432: 431: 424: 423: 419: 417: 416: 412: 410: 409: 405: 403: 402: 398: 396: 395: 391: 388: 387: 386: 380: 378: 377: 373: 371: 370: 366: 364: 363: 359: 356: 355: 354: 348: 346: 345: 341: 339: 338: 334: 332: 331: 327: 324: 323: 322: 316: 314: 313: 309: 307: 306: 302: 299: 298: 293: 291: 290: 286: 284: 283: 279: 278: 275: 270: 269: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 251:Samantabhadra 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 206:Bhaiṣajyaguru 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 175: 171: 166: 165: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 147:Luminous mind 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 72:Buddha-nature 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 30: 29: 25: 21: 20: 6499:Bodhisattvas 6419:Christianity 6414:Baháʼí Faith 6279:Dharmachakra 6269:Prayer wheel 6259:Prayer beads 6027:Architecture 5906:969 Movement 5690:Saudi Arabia 5668:Central Asia 5661:South Africa 5483: 5466: 5399:Panchen Lama 5304:Buddhapālita 4900:Satipatthana 4895:Mindful Yoga 4808:Recollection 4722:Brahmavihara 4593:Japanese Zen 4588:Chinese Chan 4548:Animal realm 4372: 4355:Key concepts 4177:Bodhisattvas 3989:Three Jewels 3858: 3831: 3809: 3783: 3780:Powers, John 3757: 3729: 3702: 3678:. 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Retrieved 3010:saugatam.org 3009: 2988: 2971: 2966: 2943: 2937: 2928:0-76790157-6 2908: 2897: 2889: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2862:0-76790157-6 2842: 2831: 2805: 2771: 2757: 2748: 2738: 2730: 2724:(c. 700 CE), 2719: 2709: 2704: 2693:source texts 2690: 2687:Source texts 2673: 2670:Universality 2640: 2637:bodhichitta. 2610: 2606: 2560:Jigme Lingpa 2541: 2537: 2526: 2523: 2516: 2491: 2464: 2454: 2402: 2359:Brahmavihara 2352: 2343: 2335: 2324: 2311: 2296: 2282:In Sanskrit: 2281: 2272: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2210:three jewels 2199: 2172: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2108: 2107:In his book 2106: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2080: 2073: 2067: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2037: 2025: 2023: 2016: 2005: 2000: 1992: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1956: 1948: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1861: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1820: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1769: 1763: 1223:Merit making 1188:Three Jewels 1128:Buddhavacana 1058:Impermanence 1046:Dharma wheel 771:D. T. Suzuki 576:Buddhapālita 420: 413: 406: 399: 392: 383: 374: 367: 360: 352: 342: 335: 328: 319: 310: 303: 288: 280: 174:Bodhisattvas 107:Three bodies 66: 6344:Dharma talk 6173:Asalha Puja 5969:Eschatology 5772:Switzerland 5752:New Zealand 5680:Middle East 5589:Philippines 5509:Afghanistan 5314:Bodhidharma 5299:Buddhaghosa 5219:Householder 5129:Monasticism 5082:Bodhisattva 4937:Prostration 4890:Mindfulness 4818:Anapanasati 4801:Kammaṭṭhāna 4598:Korean Seon 4538:Asura realm 4533:Human realm 4473:Ten Fetters 4428:Parinirvana 4330:Uppalavanna 4295:Mahākaccana 4280:Mahākassapa 4212:Kṣitigarbha 4207:Ākāśagarbha 4104:Suddhodāna 4049:Four sights 3976:Foundations 2917:. pp.  2851:. pp.  2435:3) Patience 2196:Cultivation 2008:D.T. Suzuki 1941:defilements 1912:sattv-ārtha 1797:bodhisattva 1458:New Zealand 1313:Bodhisattva 1298:Four Stages 1253:Monasticism 1233:Mindfulness 1203:Perfections 1133:Early Texts 809:Han Chinese 631:Amoghavajra 606:Bodhidharma 596:Candrakīrti 591:Dharmakīrti 586:Bhāvaviveka 541:Ashvaghosha 530:Key figures 289:Lotus Sūtra 246:Ākāśagarbha 241:Kṣitigarbha 231:Vajrasattva 122:One Vehicle 57:Bodhisattva 6574:Categories 6461:Psychology 6441:Gnosticism 6429:Comparison 6424:Influences 6406:Comparison 6289:Bhavacakra 6247:Kushinagar 6222:Pilgrimage 6168:Māgha Pūjā 6123:Bodhi Tree 5939:Buddhology 5929:Abhidharma 5921:Philosophy 5854:Menander I 5722:Costa Rica 5673:Uzbekistan 5514:Bangladesh 5468:Dhammapada 5452:Pali Canon 5414:Ajahn Chah 5394:Dalai Lama 5294:Kumārajīva 5289:Vasubandhu 5264:The Buddha 5172:Zen master 5107:Sakadagami 5087:Buddhahood 5018:Pratimokṣa 4833:Shikantaza 4789:Meditation 4764:Deity yoga 4635:Madhyamaka 4528:Deva realm 4423:Mindstream 4373:Bodhicitta 4285:Aṅgulimāla 4152:Devadatta 4128:Yaśodharā 4031:The Buddha 4021:Middle Way 3614:Dalai Lama 3598:25 October 3425:2024-08-16 3259:. p.  3183:Das, Surya 3015:2024-08-16 2903:Das, Surya 2837:Das, Surya 2824:References 2677:Dalai Lama 2613:Tsongkhapa 2593:Buddhahood 2589:Manjushree 2556:Longchenpa 2447:6) Insight 2316:four-fold 2268:Kamalaśīla 2202:Buddhahood 2030:Buddhahood 2026:mahakaruna 2012:M. Anesaki 1979:bodhicitta 1968:bodhicitta 1945:Shantideva 1853:Definition 1847:Bodhicitta 1801:Buddhahood 1786:compassion 1770:bodhicitta 1743:Vietnamese 1561:bodhicitta 1331:Traditions 1268:Pilgrimage 1208:Meditation 1168:Post-canon 1148:Pāli Canon 1078:Middle Way 975:The Buddha 751:Longchenpa 746:Tsongkhapa 661:Mazu Daoyi 646:Shāntideva 571:Sthiramati 566:Vasubandhu 556:Kumārajīva 513:Fa Gu Shan 443:Mādhyamaka 191:Adi-Buddha 181:Shakyamuni 142:Pure Lands 97:Two truths 62:Buddhahood 6529:Festivals 6509:Buddhists 6471:Theosophy 6274:Symbolism 6264:Hama yumi 6237:Bodh Gaya 6004:Socialism 5979:Evolution 5954:Economics 5792:Venezuela 5707:Australia 5702:Argentina 5626:Sri Lanka 5621:Singapore 5539:Indonesia 5501:Countries 5442:Tripiṭaka 5404:Ajahn Mun 5279:Nagarjuna 5274:Aśvaghoṣa 5157:Anagārika 5152:Śrāmaṇerī 5147:Śrāmaṇera 5142:Bhikkhunī 5102:Sotāpanna 4991:Passaddhi 4932:Offerings 4907:Nekkhamma 4784:Iddhipada 4704:Practices 4674:Theravada 4647:Vajrayana 4640:Yogachara 4610:Pure Land 4523:Six Paths 4510:Cosmology 4290:Anuruddha 4265:Sāriputta 4255:Kaundinya 4247:Disciples 4222:Vajrapāṇi 4074:Footprint 4039:Tathāgata 3493:Tsongkapa 3067:Routledge 2716:Śāntideva 2699:include: 2529:Nagarjuna 2439:4) Effort 2431:2) Virtue 2264:Śantideva 2182:Pāramitās 2147:vipaśyanā 1817:Etymology 1749:Bồ-đề tâm 1732:photichit 1658:pothichet 1647:ពោធិចិត្ត 1632:bodaishin 1581:बोधिचित्त 1478:Sri Lanka 1468:Singapore 1423:Indonesia 1363:Vajrayāna 1338:Theravāda 1293:Awakening 1181:Practices 1138:Tripiṭaka 1108:Cosmology 1083:Emptiness 1063:Suffering 866:Indonesia 776:Sheng-yen 551:Lokakṣema 536:Nāgārjuna 488:Vajrayāna 478:Pure Land 226:Vajrapāṇi 211:Vairocana 196:Akshobhya 92:Emptiness 51:Teachings 6547:Category 6476:Violence 6446:Hinduism 6394:Sanskrit 6349:Hinayana 6334:Amitābha 6294:Swastika 6163:Uposatha 6153:Holidays 6138:Calendar 5984:Humanism 5822:Kanishka 5812:Timeline 5636:Thailand 5604:Kalmykia 5599:Buryatia 5584:Pakistan 5569:Mongolia 5564:Maldives 5559:Malaysia 5524:Cambodia 5389:Shamarpa 5384:Nichiren 5334:Xuanzang 5269:Nagasena 5187:Rinpoche 4917:Pāramitā 4759:Devotion 4679:Navayana 4667:Dzogchen 4630:Nichiren 4578:Mahayana 4570:Branches 4448:Saṅkhāra 4197:Mañjuśrī 4154:(cousin) 4146:(cousin) 4114:(mother) 4106:(father) 4094:Miracles 4044:Birthday 3961:Glossary 3934:Buddhism 3856:(2007). 3808:(1990). 3782:(2007). 3756:(2000). 3726:(1995). 3680:April 3, 3652:April 3, 3616:(2002). 3560:(1983). 3495:(2004). 3452:April 4, 3295:April 3, 3249:(1998). 3217:(2002). 3185:(1995). 3124:(2013). 3061:(2008). 2905:(1998). 2839:(1998). 2765:See also 2728:Atisha's 2229:Mahāyāna 2190:pāramitā 2174:Mahāyāna 2169:Practice 2115:teacher 2102:shunyata 1937:rebirths 1903:alambana 1868:Atisha's 1823:Sanskrit 1780:), with 1615:Japanese 1575:Sanskrit 1488:Thailand 1448:Mongolia 1443:Malaysia 1408:Cambodia 1373:Navayana 1353:Hinayana 1348:Mahāyāna 1258:Lay life 1088:Morality 1068:Not-self 1026:Concepts 985:Councils 970:Timeline 942:Glossary 924:Buddhism 916:a series 914:Part of 861:Malaysia 856:Mongolia 696:Nichiren 621:Xuanzang 546:Āryadeva 498:Dzogchen 483:Nichiren 448:Yogācāra 236:Maitreya 216:Mañjuśrī 186:Amitabha 24:a series 22:Part of 6524:Temples 6504:Buddhas 6466:Science 6456:Judaism 6451:Jainism 6369:Lineage 6329:Abhijñā 6299:Thangka 6242:Sarnath 6227:Lumbini 6148:Funeral 6143:Cuisine 6019:Culture 5994:Reality 5944:Creator 5934:Atomism 5804:History 5777:Ukraine 5737:Germany 5656:Senegal 5646:Vietnam 5574:Myanmar 5374:Shinran 5364:Karmapa 5339:Shandao 5309:Dignāga 5234:Śrāvaka 5214:Donchee 5209:Kappiya 5167:Sayadaw 5137:Bhikkhu 5112:Anāgāmi 5069:Nirvana 5035:Samadhi 4922:Paritta 4863:Tonglen 4858:Mandala 4813:Smarana 4794:Mantras 4742:Upekkha 4712:Bhavana 4662:Shingon 4615:Tiantai 4468:Tathātā 4458:Śūnyatā 4453:Skandha 4443:Saṃsāra 4438:Rebirth 4413:Kleshas 4403:Indriya 4305:Subhūti 4190:Guanyin 4144:Ānanda 4136:Rāhula 4016:Nirvana 3956:Outline 3699:Gampopa 3568:461-471 2791:Vijñāna 2663:tonglen 2550:in the 2546:school 2519:Śūnyatā 2498:Tonglen 2410:Tonglen 2314:Zhiyi's 2218:sraddha 2214:samsara 2159:tonglen 2155:Tibetan 2034:nirvana 1728::  1721:โพธิจิต 1693:Tibetan 1684:borisim 1606:pútíxīn 1589:Chinese 1566:English 1498:Vietnam 1453:Myanmar 1368:Tibetan 1358:Chinese 1286:Nirvāṇa 1103:Saṃsāra 1098:Rebirth 963:History 952:Outline 836:Tibetan 831:Vietnam 761:Hanshan 736:Dolpopa 686:Shinran 616:Shandao 611:Huineng 581:Dignāga 508:Tzu Chi 473:Shingon 453:Tiantai 170:Buddhas 152:Dharani 6519:Sutras 6514:Suttas 6379:Siddhi 6364:Koliya 6339:Brahmā 6254:Poetry 6200:Mantra 6190:Kasaya 6062:Pagoda 6042:Kyaung 6037:Vihāra 6032:Temple 5974:Ethics 5817:Ashoka 5767:Sweden 5762:Poland 5757:Norway 5747:Mexico 5732:France 5717:Canada 5712:Brazil 5651:Africa 5631:Taiwan 5594:Russia 5519:Bhutan 5479:Vinaya 5359:Naropa 5349:Saraha 5284:Asanga 5040:Prajñā 4949:Refuge 4912:Nianfo 4873:Tertön 4868:Tantra 4853:Ganana 4843:Tukdam 4769:Dhyāna 4737:Mudita 4732:Karuṇā 4625:Risshū 4620:Huayan 4553:Naraka 4493:Anattā 4488:Dukkha 4483:Anicca 4388:Dharma 4340:Channa 4275:Ānanda 4260:Assaji 4227:Skanda 4130:(wife) 4099:Family 4079:Relics 4004:Sangha 3999:Dharma 3994:Buddha 3866:  3842:  3816:  3794:  3768:  3742:  3712:  3624:  3574:  3536:  3507:  3475:  3346:  3318:  3267:  3229:  3197:  3136:  3073:  2954:  2925:  2859:  2855:–146. 2583:tigles 2572:Refuge 2533:Asanga 2457:Lojong 2445:, and 2399:Lojong 2387:Upekṣā 2380:Muditā 2373:Karunā 2366:Maitrī 2338:mantra 2266:, and 2260:Bhavya 2222:prajña 2163:lojong 2111:, the 1877:karuna 1825:words 1782:wisdom 1667:Korean 1653:UNGEGN 1627:Rōmaji 1601:Pinyin 1483:Taiwan 1463:Russia 1403:Brazil 1398:Bhutan 1318:Buddha 1238:Wisdom 1021:Dharma 851:Bhutan 816:Taiwan 756:Hakuin 726:Atisha 721:Nāropā 706:Virūpa 656:Wohnyo 636:Saichō 626:Fazang 561:Asanga 463:Huayan 458:Tendai 6491:Lists 6359:Kalpa 6354:Iddhi 6217:Music 6212:Mudra 6178:Vassa 6158:Vesak 6128:Budai 6074:Candi 6057:Stupa 5989:Logic 5742:Italy 5641:Tibet 5579:Nepal 5549:Korea 5544:Japan 5534:India 5529:China 5474:Sutra 5429:Texts 5379:Dōgen 5369:Hōnen 5354:Atiśa 5319:Zhiyi 5229:Achar 5197:Tulku 5192:Geshe 5177:Rōshi 5162:Ajahn 5117:Arhat 5077:Bodhi 5047:Vīrya 4964:Sacca 4959:Satya 4954:Sādhu 4942:Music 4885:Merit 4878:Terma 4838:Zazen 4774:Faith 4727:Mettā 4408:Karma 4368:Bardo 4335:Asita 4325:Khema 4315:Upāli 4300:Nanda 4138:(son) 4112:Māyā 4089:Films 3966:Index 3671:(PDF) 3446:(PDF) 2815:citta 2811:bodhi 2798:Notes 2772:Agape 2628:love; 2595:as a 2570:with 2568:Faith 2480:alaya 2389:) and 2275:Atiśa 2243:) or 2151:metta 2039:bodhi 1933:merit 1908:bodhi 1839:Citta 1835:Bodhi 1831:citta 1827:bodhi 1778:bodhi 1774:citta 1641:Khmer 1493:Tibet 1433:Korea 1428:Japan 1418:India 1413:China 1378:Newar 1303:Arhat 1093:Karma 947:Index 846:Newar 841:Nepal 826:Korea 821:Japan 804:China 766:Taixu 691:Dōgen 681:Hōnen 666:Jinul 641:Kūkai 601:Zhiyi 6389:Pāḷi 6374:Māra 6284:Flag 5685:Iran 5609:Tuva 5554:Laos 5182:Lama 5030:Śīla 4998:Śīla 4986:Pīti 4976:Sati 4927:Puja 4848:Koan 4754:Dāna 4345:Yasa 4232:Tārā 3864:ISBN 3840:ISBN 3814:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3766:ISBN 3740:ISBN 3710:ISBN 3682:2015 3654:2015 3622:ISBN 3600:2020 3572:ISBN 3534:ISBN 3505:ISBN 3473:ISBN 3454:2020 3391:(2). 3344:ISBN 3316:ISBN 3297:2015 3265:ISBN 3227:ISBN 3195:ISBN 3134:ISBN 3071:ISBN 2952:ISBN 2923:ISBN 2857:ISBN 2813:and 2542:The 2397:The 2277:): 2186:dāna 2161:and 2010:and 1914:). 1829:and 1784:and 1726:RTGS 1715:Thai 1438:Laos 1343:Pāli 871:West 256:Tara 172:and 6111:Art 6047:Wat 4583:Zen 3261:218 2919:149 2853:145 2747:'s 2718:'s 2558:to 2554:to 2463:A. 2455:In 2224:). 2042:). 1906:): 1843:cit 1764:In 1673:보리심 1621:菩提心 1595:菩提心 468:Zen 6576:: 5613:ru 3838:. 3834:. 3790:. 3786:. 3764:. 3760:. 3738:. 3734:. 3673:. 3570:. 3556:; 3528:. 3499:. 3418:. 3389:12 3387:. 3383:. 3371:^ 3263:. 3255:. 3221:. 3189:. 3181:; 3168:^ 3148:^ 3128:. 3111:^ 3065:. 3050:^ 3008:. 2997:^ 2979:^ 2946:. 2921:. 2913:. 2847:. 2665:). 2599:. 2574:: 2500:). 2490:B. 2441:, 2437:, 2433:, 2429:, 2382:), 2375:), 2368:), 2270:. 2262:, 1966:, 1833:. 1792:. 1768:, 1681:: 1679:RR 1655:: 1629:: 1603:: 1473:US 918:on 26:on 5615:) 5611:( 4829:) 4825:( 3920:e 3913:t 3906:v 3872:. 3848:. 3822:. 3800:. 3774:. 3748:. 3718:. 3684:. 3656:. 3630:. 3602:. 3580:. 3542:. 3513:. 3481:. 3456:. 3428:. 3352:. 3324:. 3299:. 3273:. 3235:. 3203:. 3142:. 3079:. 3018:. 2960:. 2931:. 2865:. 2817:. 2712:) 2708:( 2449:. 2401:( 2256:. 2247:( 2239:( 2076:) 1981:( 1975:, 1953:: 1735:) 1723:( 1709:) 1703:( 1687:) 1677:( 1661:) 1651:( 1635:) 1625:( 1609:) 1599:( 1545:e 1538:t 1531:v 900:e 893:t 886:v

Index

a series
Mahāyāna Buddhism
A Lotus, one of the eight auspicious symbols in Mahāyāna
Bodhisattva
Buddhahood
Mind of Awakening
Buddha-nature
Skillful Means
Transcendent Wisdom
Transcendent Virtues
Emptiness
Two truths
Consciousness-only
Three bodies
Three vehicles
Non-abiding Nirvana
One Vehicle
Bodhisattva Precepts
Bodhisattva vow
Bodhisattva stages
Pure Lands
Luminous mind
Dharani
Three Turnings
Buddhas
Bodhisattvas
Shakyamuni
Amitabha
Adi-Buddha
Akshobhya

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