771:
881:
40:
5253:
5264:
2662:
2649:
621:
2639:
955:
1133:. The third turning then, explains the fundamental nature of emptiness itself, which is how the non-existence of the self exists, i.e. the existence of the non-existent as explained by the three natures. In this sense, the ultimate truth in the third turning is said to be both existent and non-existent.
2580:
Buswell, Robert E. (1991), The "Short-cut" Approach of K'an-hua
Meditation: The Evolution of a Practical Subitism in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991), Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited,
1009:
also claims that its teachings are the ultimate and most profound truth which cannot lead to a nihilistic interpretation of the Dharma which clings to non-existence (unlike the second wheel, which can be misinterpreted in a negative way) and is also incontrovertible and irrefutable (whereas the
1025:
1541:
to describe the way the Buddha teaches in three phases of teaching: 1. "discourses on impermanence, suffering, no self, and unattractiveness, which provoke revulsion", 2. "discourses on emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness" and finally 3. "discourses known as
1482:, "definitive" refers to teachings which need no further explanation and are to be understood as is, while "implicit" or "provisional" refers to teachings which are expedient and useful but must be further interpreted and drawn out.
1465:
The schema of the three turnings found in Yogācāra texts identify Yogācāra teachings as the final and definitive interpretation of the Buddha's teaching. However, the schema was later adopted more widely, and different
1125:), Vasubandhu comments on the three turnings and how they relate to the three natures. According to Vasubandhu, the first turning teaches the non-existence of the self (atman) through an analysis of the
1552:
1529:
1328:. The latter's characterization of ultimate reality in terms of emptiness is primarily a negative one, it describes it in terms of what is not there (a substantially existent core,
2232:
1002:
the previous two turnings all had an "underlying intent" which refers to the three natures (and their threefold lack of essence), the central doctrine of the third turning.
1489:
hold that the second and third turnings are both definitive. Nyingma works tend to emphasize the complementarity of the second and third turning teachings. Meanwhile, the
926:. In East Asian Buddhism, the second turning is referred to as "the teaching that the original nature of all things is empty, that signs are not ultimately real" (無相法輪).
743:
corpus, are considered to comprise the "second turning" (which in this schema is considered provisional), and the sūtras which teach Yogācāra themes (especially the
1524:
Other Mahāyāna sutras also mention a similar idea of the Buddha teaching in different phases, some which are provisional and others which are considered final.
1360:
contained the "final definitive statements on the nature of ultimate reality, the primordial ground or substratum beyond the chain of dependent origination."
998:
affirms that the teachings of the earlier turnings authentic but are also incomplete and require further clarification and interpretation. According to the
3403:
758:, this classification system was expanded and modified into different doctrinal classifications called "panjiào" (判教), which were developed by different
4318:
2793:
1365:
1550:" Tibetan exegesis has generally seen this passage as referring to the three turnings (though the sutra itself does not use this terminology). The
4322:
1743:
1567:
1377:
4546:
102:
2600:
1129:. The second turning then establishes how the very (false) appearance of a (non-existent) self comes about from its aggregate parts through
2763:
1470:, as well as individual Buddhist thinkers, give different explanations as to whether the second or third turnings are "definitive" (Skt:
2871:
2606:
2628:
1312:, the identification of buddha-nature teachings with the Yogācāra's third turning happened not only because several sutras (like the
1516:
school on the other hand, see only the third turning sutras as definitive, and hold the texts of the second turning as provisional.
5138:
4590:
4793:
2773:
1689:
2537:
2516:
2495:
2281:
1880:
1587:
considers the highest teachings to be those of the "vaitulya" ("well-balanced", or "extensive") Mahāyāna sūtras (such as the
1048:
school, and thus, with the third turning (though these sutras themselves do not mention "three turnings"). These include the
1297:(499-569 CE) was known for promoting this syncretic Yogācāra and for defending the theory of the "stainless consciousness" (
2956:
2798:
2183:
5133:
2568:
A. Charles Muller (trans), Outline of the
Tiantai Fourfold Teachings 天台四教儀 Compiled by the Goryeo Śramaṇa Chegwan 高麗沙門諦觀
5030:
4580:
2675:
1798:
651:
97:
54:
1334:), while the former's is more positive, postulating a foundational consciousness that is the source of all appearance.
2876:
2100:
2079:
2059:
5123:
1324:
lines up more naturally with the characterization of ultimate reality we find in Yogācāra than with what we find in
4808:
4553:
2594:
1537:), mentions that it is part of the “irreversible turning” and uses the metaphor of the gradual process of refining
1507:
2234:
Doctrinal
Connection Between Panjiao Schemata and Human Capacity for Enlightenment in Jizang's and Kuiji's Thought
849:, it is called "the teaching of existence" (有相法輪) since it discusses reality from the point of view of phenomena (
5200:
5190:
3019:
1896:
1079:
The teachings of the third turning are further elaborated in the numerous works of Yogācāra school masters like
5145:
4798:
4600:
4491:
4436:
3009:
1395:
1158:
1383:
1021:). In East Asian Buddhism, the third turning is referred to as “ultimate turn of the Dharma wheel” (無上法輪).
5115:
4813:
4496:
2788:
2621:
1010:
second wheel can be refuted). As such, the third turning is also called "the wheel of good differentiation" (
580:
275:
2393:
When the Clouds Part, The
Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra, p.
2159:
1445:
are also considered to be part of the third turning by several schools of
Tibetan Buddhism. Furthermore, in
1401:
1269:
4698:
4570:
4541:
4243:
525:
300:
260:
1847:
1412:
Dölpopa's classification of Tathāgatagarbha sutras was influential on numerous later
Tibetan authors. The
4389:
4298:
3768:
3413:
2926:
2821:
2372:
When the Clouds Part, The
Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra,
2351:
When the Clouds Part, The
Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra,
1355:
784:
3933:
1842:
5238:
4718:
4194:
3680:
2803:
2636:
2312:
Buddhist
Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun,
1836:
1371:
4128:
822:
5128:
4941:
4931:
4803:
3786:
3366:
3127:
3102:
1338:
Due to the influence of Yogācāra-Tathāgatagarbha thought, some
Buddhist traditions also consider the
1251:
The Indian Yogācāra tradition eventually developed various works which synthesized Yogācāra with the
744:
400:
3152:
2338:
The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen
210:
5233:
4585:
4399:
4377:
4370:
4273:
3806:
3426:
3242:
3187:
2808:
2614:
1429:
1202:
1153:(a student of Xuanzang), lists the following as the most important sutras for the Yogācāra school:
1120:
830:
770:
405:
355:
2558:
Junjirō Takakusu, The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998, p. 109.
1636:
5289:
5170:
5150:
4481:
4461:
4218:
3948:
3192:
1441:
1351:
565:
1703:, containing the direct content of the Buddha’s enlightenment experience. Few can understand it.
1420:(1813–1899) also held that these buddha-nature sutras belonged to the definitive third turning.
1146:
833:
and all the basic Buddhist teachings common to all Buddhist traditions and found in the various
5180:
5020:
4688:
4658:
4431:
4382:
4223:
4171:
4166:
3928:
3749:
3646:
3398:
3393:
3142:
2445:
Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path
1130:
814:
722:
644:
380:
365:
345:
270:
265:
180:
87:
3510:
1108:
5185:
5155:
4736:
4668:
4501:
4416:
4411:
4335:
4330:
4248:
2778:
1479:
1407:
1389:
1275:
1193:
1092:
1063:
1056:
982:
968:
698:
585:
575:
530:
3801:
1934:
The History of Doctrinal Classification in Chinese Buddhism: A Study of the Panjiao Systems.
5208:
5175:
5160:
4678:
4575:
4521:
4406:
4345:
4313:
4308:
4293:
4278:
4268:
4233:
4146:
3838:
3761:
3064:
3004:
2753:
2720:
2670:
1207:
595:
555:
550:
515:
360:
240:
148:
133:
77:
49:
5048:
3663:
3532:
3458:
3334:
3072:
1558:
1435:
1282:
8:
5015:
4894:
4728:
4703:
4693:
4653:
4630:
4513:
4486:
4446:
4365:
4355:
4283:
4210:
3641:
3498:
3279:
3257:
3209:
3029:
2829:
2685:
2665:
2408:
Ray, Reginald A. Secret of the Vajra World: The Tantric Buddhism of Tibet, 2002, p. 126.
1467:
1290:
1016:
846:
755:
711:
605:
560:
498:
438:
375:
320:
315:
70:
59:
2989:
2916:
2249:
1708:
861:
726:
5078:
4983:
4825:
4788:
4783:
4713:
4663:
4610:
4605:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4441:
4426:
4421:
4360:
4340:
4303:
4228:
4033:
3734:
3658:
3536:
3478:
3319:
3219:
3147:
3122:
2768:
2698:
2297:
1454:
775:
717:
According to the three turnings schema, the Buddha's first sermons, as recorded in the
706:
school. This classification system later became prevalent in various modified forms in
590:
570:
510:
505:
393:
295:
288:
215:
205:
112:
4877:
5256:
5218:
4914:
4899:
4862:
4847:
4620:
4536:
4451:
4288:
4253:
4238:
3965:
3955:
3636:
3483:
3468:
3339:
3262:
3182:
3117:
3049:
2936:
2693:
2533:
2512:
2491:
2277:
2096:
2075:
2055:
1876:
1722:
1185:
1050:
810:
677:
669:
637:
535:
520:
325:
200:
143:
107:
92:
23:
4200:
2994:
2894:
2595:
The Three Turnings of The Wheel of Dharma – Why They Are Each Essential to All of Us
865:
4904:
4857:
4852:
4708:
4673:
4648:
4643:
4394:
4350:
4263:
3938:
3594:
3587:
3371:
3361:
3247:
2911:
2783:
2028:
Volume 6 of The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism, Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.
1696:
1653:
1632:
1446:
1235:
1213:
1141:
759:
707:
600:
545:
475:
465:
330:
3983:
1413:
1104:
5268:
5213:
5165:
5093:
4963:
4761:
4741:
4683:
4595:
4258:
4156:
4003:
3739:
3722:
3707:
3685:
3237:
3107:
2941:
2921:
2549:
Lama Surya Das, Awakening the Buddha Within: Eight Steps to Enlightenment, p. 63.
1830:
1794:
1726:淨名經 and so forth); this and the next period represent gradually deeper teachings.
1417:
1267:
and the three natures doctrine. Some key sources of this Indian tendency are the
1096:
1041:
880:
625:
540:
340:
250:
195:
4013:
3167:
3157:
2463:
2022:
The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism: 諸敎學 Doctrinal treatises: selected works,
1671:
The wheel that contracts all branches so as to bring them back to the root, the
1502:
730:
190:
5223:
4926:
4776:
4558:
4138:
4118:
4038:
3727:
3717:
3651:
3488:
2974:
2837:
2569:
1762:
1731:
1501:
texts and instead argued that the definitive sutras are only those which teach
1309:
921:
888:
739:
689:
485:
415:
370:
228:
962:, who is considered to be an important source for the third turning teachings.
5283:
4993:
4842:
4151:
4053:
3911:
3712:
3690:
3626:
3297:
3092:
3087:
2979:
2648:
1761:
school had a five period panjiào of dharma teachings. According to patriarch
1494:
1339:
1252:
1073:
718:
310:
305:
245:
3451:
3441:
2813:
797:
The first turning is traditionally said to have taken place at Deer Park in
450:
255:
5083:
5068:
5038:
4988:
4978:
4820:
4615:
4108:
3943:
3821:
3609:
3604:
3431:
3302:
3177:
2638:
2219:
1774:
1644:
896:
884:
834:
350:
235:
153:
39:
3866:
3851:
3811:
3508:
3172:
2748:
1592:
1493:
school considers only the second turning as definitive. The Gelug founder
1363:
For Dölpopa, some of the key “sutras of definitive meaning” included: the
5053:
4882:
4023:
4008:
3791:
3599:
3527:
3307:
3137:
3039:
2886:
2758:
1739:
1672:
916:
420:
5043:
3503:
4998:
4956:
4832:
4638:
4563:
4177:
4161:
4123:
4103:
3998:
3973:
3881:
3816:
3796:
3542:
3473:
3344:
3227:
3197:
3132:
3082:
2740:
2730:
2703:
2532:, pp. xvi-xvii, & p. 286. BDK America, University of Hawaii Press.
1788:
1640:
1325:
1294:
1230:
1088:
1084:
980:
school. Major ideas in this text include the storehouse consciousness (
934:
919:
path. The main sutras of this second turning are considered to be the
857:
850:
693:
425:
185:
82:
4018:
3014:
2127:
The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism,
2039:
The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change.
4973:
4946:
4113:
3988:
3700:
3616:
3493:
3383:
3356:
3349:
3312:
3269:
3232:
2999:
2964:
2931:
2906:
2861:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1450:
938:
930:
900:
869:
703:
470:
445:
4746:
3582:
3436:
3202:
2984:
2853:
2845:
1576:
826:
5263:
5103:
5058:
5003:
4968:
4872:
4531:
4098:
4093:
4043:
3978:
3896:
3861:
3856:
3517:
3388:
3376:
3287:
2946:
2643:
1806:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1717:
1665:
1661:
1620:
1498:
1424:
1330:
1100:
1069:
1045:
1033:
977:
959:
908:
842:
802:
685:
480:
460:
455:
335:
31:
4088:
4078:
4063:
3886:
3756:
3024:
2511:, pp. xvi-xvii, 225-233. BDK America, University of Hawaii Press.
966:
The first sutra source which mentions the "three turnings" is the
5008:
4951:
4936:
4083:
4073:
4048:
3923:
3918:
3876:
3846:
3778:
3744:
3631:
3572:
3567:
3421:
3324:
3162:
3112:
2899:
2725:
1685:
1486:
1126:
818:
798:
779:
688:
framework for classifying and understanding the teachings of the
160:
3695:
3463:
1692:) which organized the Buddhas teachings into five periods (五時):
5088:
5073:
4909:
4771:
4751:
4526:
4188:
4068:
4058:
3993:
3621:
3577:
3562:
3552:
3522:
3446:
3329:
3097:
2969:
2713:
2708:
2274:
Living Yogacara: An Introduction to Consciousness-Only Buddhism
1758:
1572:
1513:
1457:
are sometimes considered to also be part of the third turning.
1347:
1080:
1029:
954:
838:
620:
175:
170:
165:
128:
2434:, Translators' Introduction, p. xxvii. Shambhala Publications.
1289:
This Yogācāra-Tathāgatagarbha tradition became influential in
887:(Gṛddhakūṭa) where some of the second turning sutras like the
5228:
5063:
4921:
4887:
4867:
4837:
4766:
4183:
4028:
3906:
3901:
3871:
3826:
3673:
3668:
3547:
3252:
3077:
3044:
3034:
1921:
Gyōnen’s Transmission of the Buddha Dharma in Three Countries
1580:
1538:
1490:
1316:) explicitly synthesized the two doctrines, but also because:
1150:
904:
806:
410:
1956:, Translators' Introduction, p. xxv. Shambhala Publications.
696:
in general. This classification system first appears in the
5098:
3891:
3557:
3054:
1346:) teachings as part of the third turning. For example, the
929:
The second turning is also associated with the bodhisattva
4756:
3292:
2340:, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1999, p. 87
1205:, important treatises for the third turning included the
1116:
Commentary on Distinguishing the Middle from the Extremes
1024:
974:
Noble sūtra of the Explanation of the Profound Secrets),
907:, India. The second turning emphasizes the teachings of
2464:"The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata"
2432:
Finding Rest in Illusion: The Trilogy of Rest, Volume 3
1954:
Finding Rest in Illusion: The Trilogy of Rest, Volume 3
1571:
states that its teachings are the highest and ultimate
2093:
Scripture on the Explication of the Underlying Meaning
2072:
Scripture on the Explication of the Underlying Meaning
845:" teachings (lesser or small vehicle) in Mahayana. In
2208:
The Routledge Handbook of Indian Buddhist Philosophy,
1595:, and how "all living beings possess buddha-nature."
1556:
is also important because it is a key source for the
1980:
Jōkei and Buddhist Devotion in Early Medieval Japan,
1699:
period 華嚴時, The sudden teaching is delivered as the
1688:
school developed a doctrinal classification schema (
1423:
The teachings found in several of the "treatises of
725:, constitute the "first turning" (which include all
2490:, p. 291. BDK America, University of Hawaii Press.
1505:as the ultimate meaning. On this, he relies on the
1647:as well, but with different definitions for each:
1478:i.e. requiring interpretation). In the context of
1014:), and "the wheel for ascertaining the ultimate" (
895:The second turning is said to have taken place at
1562:, an influential buddha-nature focused treatise.
941:are generally included under the second turning.
751:comprise the final and ultimate "third turning".
5281:
2430:Padmakara Translation Group; Longchenpa (2020).
1952:Padmakara Translation Group; Longchenpa (2020).
1748:, a teaching that is neither sudden nor gradual.
1519:
872:) are generally also placed into this category.
2054:, Bury St. Edmunds, England: Routledge, p. 79,
1713:阿含經), represent a gradual and simpler teaching.
1626:
1061:both of which discuss Yogācāra topics like the
841:collections. These teachings are known as the "
2041:Harvard University Press, 2000, pages 221-222.
1591:itself) which teach the eternal nature of the
2622:
1460:
645:
3404:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2570:http://www.acmuller.net/kor-bud/sagyoui.html
2325:The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy
2114:The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy
1485:In the Tibetan tradition, some schools like
958:16th century Japanese scroll of bodhisattva
2000:Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy,
1816:The Complete, or Perfect, Teachings of the
2629:
2615:
2250:"Quick Overview of the Faxiang School 法相宗"
1729:the Prajñā period 般若時 (represented by the
1598:
1246:
778:depiction of the Buddha's first sermon at
652:
638:
2601:Three Turnings of the Wheel of the Dharma
2468:84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha
1706:Deer Park period 鹿苑時 (represented by the
1615:as the "fourth turning." As explained by
1044:are considered to be associated with the
1998:Carr, Brian; Mahalingam, Indira (2002).
1255:thought found in various Mahayana sutras
1023:
953:
879:
864:(i.e. non-Mahayana) traditions (such as
769:
4591:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2144:A Yogacara Buddhist Theory of Metaphor.
1643:school divided the teaching into three
1474:) or "provisional" or "implicit" (Skt:
986:), and the doctrine of cognition-only (
5282:
4794:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2292:
2290:
2074:, pp. 47-49. Berkeley: Numata Center,
1813:) rather than verbalised the teaching"
1548:The Purification of the Triple Sphere.
1497:rejected the definitive nature of the
809:. It consisted of the teaching of the
729:texts). The sūtras which focus on the
2610:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2154:
2152:
666:Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma
2276:, pp. xx-xxi.. Wisdom Publications.
2230:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1965:Dalai Lama, Thubten Chodron (2017).
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1891:
1889:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1793:The "Final Teachings", based on the
1544:The Irreversible Wheel of the Dharma
1173:Tathāgata-utpāda-guṇa-alaṃkāra-vyūha
891:sutras are said to have been taught.
2287:
2241:
2237:. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
2176:
1575:. It also states that teachings on
949:
853:) which are explained as existing.
13:
4581:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2450:
2327:, p. 187. Oxford University Press.
2247:
2210:pp. 277-278. Taylor & Francis.
2184:"Laṅkāvatārasūtra - Buddha-Nature"
2149:
2116:, p. 186. Oxford University Press.
2095:, p. 43. Berkeley: Numata Center,
1263:teaching with the doctrine of the
103:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
98:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
5301:
2588:
2160:"Ghanavyūhasūtra - Buddha-Nature"
2009:
1985:
1939:
1886:
1875:p. 302. Oxford University Press.
1860:
1603:
875:
5262:
5252:
5251:
4809:Thai temple art and architecture
4554:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2794:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2660:
2647:
2637:
1068:the three natures and mind-only
944:
792:
619:
38:
2661:
2574:
2562:
2552:
2543:
2522:
2501:
2480:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2402:
2399:Boston & London: Snow Lion.
2385:
2382:Boston & London: Snow Lion.
2364:
2361:Boston & London: Snow Lion.
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2266:
2224:
2213:
2200:
2146:p. 15. Oxford University Press.
2136:
2119:
2106:
2085:
2064:
2044:
2031:
1982:p. 39. Oxford University Press.
1969:pp. 99-100. Simon and Schuster.
1720:period 方等時 (represented by the
4799:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4601:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3681:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2872:Places where the Buddha stayed
1972:
1967:Approaching the Buddhist Path,
1959:
1926:
1913:
1631:According to Japanese scholar
1579:and emptiness are provisional
1568:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1508:Teachings of Akshayamati Sutra
1378:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1301:), which is revealed once the
976:the foundational sutra of the
933:. The analytical texts of the
831:thirty seven aids to awakening
1:
4814:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1919:Ronald S. Green, Chanju Mun,
1897:"three turnings of the wheel"
1853:
1520:Similar ideas in other sūtras
1293:and in Tibet. The translator
1225:十地經論, T.26.1522, also called
4571:Buddhism and the Roman world
4547:Decline of Buddhism in India
4542:History of Buddhism in India
2642: Topics in
2528:Blum, Mark (trans.) (2013).
2507:Blum, Mark (trans.) (2013).
2486:Blum, Mark (trans.) (2013).
2125:Harris, Ian Charles (1991).
1936:University Press of America.
1738:Lotus-Nirvāṇa period 法華涅槃時,
1627:East Asian Madhyamaka school
1535:Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśa
301:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
3769:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3509:
2530:The Nirvana Sutra: Volume 1
2509:The Nirvana Sutra: Volume 1
2488:The Nirvana Sutra: Volume 1
2299:What is and isn't Yogacara.
2020:Muller, A. Charles (2012).
1824:
1619:, some traditions consider
1611:schools sometimes refer to
1366:Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra
990:) and the "three natures" (
969:Ārya-saṃdhi-nirmocana-sūtra
785:Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra
765:
10:
5306:
4719:The unanswerable questions
2443:Newland, Guy (2008–2009),
1837:Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta
1679:
1461:Definitive and provisional
1354:(1292-1361) held that the
1259:This synthesis merged the
5247:
5199:
5114:
5029:
4804:Buddhist temples in Korea
4727:
4629:
4512:
4209:
4137:
3964:
3837:
3777:
3412:
3367:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3278:
3270:Three planes of existence
3218:
3063:
2955:
2885:
2877:Buddha in world religions
2739:
2684:
2656:
2391:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
2370:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
2349:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
1873:A Dictionary of Buddhism,
1795:Tathagatagarbha-teachings
1752:
1179:Mahayana-abhidharma-sutra
1032:receiving teachings from
860:teachings of the various
674:tridharmacakra-pravartana
4586:Persecution of Buddhists
3807:Four stages of awakening
3188:Three marks of existence
2774:Physical characteristics
2323:Westerhoff, Jan (2018).
2314:Routledge, 2014, p. 274.
2272:Tagawa, Shun'ei (2014).
2112:Westerhoff, Jan (2018).
782:(in which he taught the
702:and in the works of the
3949:Ten principal disciples
2832:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2231:Shih, Jen-Kuan (2006).
2188:buddhanature.tsadra.org
2164:buddhanature.tsadra.org
2050:Williams, Paul (2004),
1978:Ford, James L. (2006).
1820:and the Hua-yen school.
1599:Similar classifications
1352:Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen
1247:Buddha-nature teachings
321:Philosophical reasoning
16:Concept within Buddhism
4659:Buddhism and democracy
4172:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4167:Chinese Buddhist canon
3399:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3394:Early Buddhist schools
2296:Lusthaus, Dan (2018).
1871:Keown, Damien (2004).
1651:The root wheel of the
1530:Dhāraṇīśvararāja sūtra
1430:Madhyāntavibhāgakārikā
1357:Tathāgatagarbha sutras
1336:
1219:Daśabhūmikasūtraśāstra
1037:
963:
892:
789:
749:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra,
745:three natures doctrine
723:early Buddhist schools
682:chos kyi 'khor lo gsum
88:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4669:Eight Consciousnesses
2779:Life of Buddha in art
2421:, 1993, Introduction.
2419:Buddhist Hermeneutics
2091:Keenan, John (2000),
2070:Keenan, John (2000),
1923:, BRILL, 2018, p. 28.
1848:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
1809:, "which 'revealed' (
1745:Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
1732:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras
1623:as a fourth turning.
1585:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1480:Buddhist hermeneutics
1455:associated scriptures
1442:Dharmadharmatāvibhāga
1408:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
1372:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
1318:
1166:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
1159:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
1028:Tibetan depiction of
1027:
957:
883:
773:
731:doctrine of emptiness
699:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
692:and the teachings of
356:Aids to Enlightenment
181:Dependent Origination
5146:East Asian religions
4576:Buddhism in the West
4147:Early Buddhist texts
3762:Four Right Exertions
3228:Ten spiritual realms
2721:Noble Eightfold Path
2220:T1830 成唯識論述記 , CBETA
2142:Tzohar, Roy (2018).
1932:Mun, Chanju (2006).
1660:The branch wheel of
1396:Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra
1208:Yogācārabhūmi-śastra
740:Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra
326:Devotional practices
149:Noble Eightfold Path
5269:Religion portal
5016:Temple of the Tooth
4895:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3934:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3427:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3210:Two truths doctrine
3030:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2830:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1533:(also known as the
1468:schools of Buddhism
1291:East Asian Buddhism
847:East Asian Buddhism
756:East Asian Buddhism
712:East Asian Buddhism
626:Buddhism portal
499:Buddhism by country
261:Sanskrit literature
5191:Western philosophy
4789:Dzong architecture
4611:Vipassana movement
4606:Buddhist modernism
4034:Emperor Wen of Sui
3802:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3735:Threefold Training
3537:Vipassana movement
3253:Hungry Ghost realm
3073:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3020:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2769:Great Renunciation
2764:Eight Great Events
2646:
2603:– James Blumenthal
1800:Awakening of Faith
1781:Mahayana-teachings
1771:Hinayana-teachings
1384:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra
1320:the notion of the
1233:commentary on the
1038:
964:
893:
790:
774:A century century
113:Buddhist modernism
5277:
5276:
4915:Om mani padme hum
4621:Women in Buddhism
4537:Buddhist councils
4407:Western countries
4195:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3956:Shaolin Monastery
3533:Samatha-vipassanā
3143:Pratītyasamutpāda
2947:Metteyya/Maitreya
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2694:Four Noble Truths
2597:– Jay L. Garfield
2538:978-1-886439-46-7
2517:978-1-886439-46-7
2496:978-1-886439-46-7
2462:Burchardi, Anne.
2417:Lopez, Donald S.
2282:978-0-86171-895-5
2206:Edelglass et al.
2052:Mahayana Buddhism
2037:Randall Collins,
1881:978-0-19-860560-7
1797:, especially the
1773:, especially the
1723:Vimalakīrti Sūtra
1559:Ratnagotravibhāga
1436:Ratnagotravibhāga
1402:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1283:Ratnagotravibhāga
1270:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1236:Daśabhūmika-sūtra
1186:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1138:Commentary on the
1131:dependent arising
1051:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
815:dependent arising
811:four noble truths
686:Mahāyāna Buddhist
662:
661:
144:Four Noble Truths
5297:
5267:
5266:
5255:
5254:
5094:Sacred languages
4942:Maya Devi Temple
4905:Mahabodhi Temple
4709:Secular Buddhism
4674:Engaged Buddhism
3514:
3362:Tibetan Buddhism
3313:Vietnamese Thiền
2912:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
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2651:
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2459:
2448:
2447:, p. 20. Ithaca
2441:
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2263:
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2254:www.acmuller.net
2245:
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2222:
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2083:
2068:
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2048:
2042:
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2029:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1901:Oxford Reference
1893:
1884:
1869:
1818:Avatamsaka-sutra
1701:Avatamsaka sutra
1654:Avatamsaka sutra
1633:Junjirō Takakusu
1553:Dhāraṇīśvararāja
1447:Tibetan Buddhism
1390:Ghanavyūha Sūtra
1276:Ghanavyūha Sūtra
1214:Cheng Weishi Lun
1203:Chinese Yogācāra
1194:Ghanavyūha Sūtra
1142:Cheng weishi lun
1121:Madhyāntavibhāga
1057:Ghanavyūha Sūtra
1000:Saṃdhinirmocana,
950:Yogācāra sources
760:Chinese Buddhist
708:Tibetan Buddhism
694:Buddha Śākyamuni
654:
647:
640:
624:
623:
351:Sublime abidings
42:
19:
18:
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5304:
5300:
5299:
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5296:
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5280:
5279:
5278:
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5243:
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5110:
5025:
4762:Ordination hall
4723:
4625:
4596:Buddhist crisis
4508:
4205:
4157:Mahayana sutras
4133:
4129:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3960:
3833:
3773:
3723:Bodhisattva vow
3408:
3274:
3214:
3173:Taṇhā (Craving)
3108:Five hindrances
3059:
2951:
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2735:
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2586:
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2425:
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2412:
2407:
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2386:
2369:
2365:
2348:
2344:
2336:Cyrus Stearns,
2335:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2310:Lusthaus, Dan,
2309:
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2295:
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2271:
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1831:Yana (Buddhism)
1827:
1807:Sudden Teaching
1755:
1697:Flower Ornament
1682:
1629:
1613:Buddhist tantra
1606:
1601:
1589:Mahāparinirvāṇa
1522:
1463:
1451:Buddhist tantra
1427:", such as the
1418:Jamgon Kongtrul
1342:(also known as
1340:tathāgatagarbha
1322:tathāgatagarbha
1261:tathāgatagarbha
1253:tathāgatagarbha
1249:
1127:five aggregates
1074:tathāgatagarbha
1042:Mahāyāna sutras
1007:Saṃdhinirmocana
996:Saṃdhinirmocana
952:
947:
878:
819:five aggregates
795:
768:
690:Buddhist Sūtras
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611:
610:
501:
491:
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441:
431:
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291:
281:
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251:Mahayana Sutras
231:
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161:Five Aggregates
139:
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118:
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108:Later Buddhists
73:
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11:
5:
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5290:Cultural lists
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4826:Greco-Buddhist
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4777:Burmese pagoda
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4559:Greco-Buddhism
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3718:Eight precepts
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3489:Five Strengths
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3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3128:Mental factors
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
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3075:
3069:
3067:
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3022:
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2980:Mahamoggallāna
2977:
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2967:
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2939:
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2895:Avalokiteśvara
2891:
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2879:
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2589:External links
2587:
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1775:Sarvastivadins
1757:Likewise, the
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1681:
1678:
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1617:Lama Surya Das
1605:
1604:Fourth Turning
1602:
1600:
1597:
1581:skillful means
1521:
1518:
1462:
1459:
1310:Jan Westerhoff
1248:
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1223:Shidi jing lun
1199:
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1163:
1109:Ratnākaraśānti
988:vijñapti-mātra
951:
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943:
922:Prajñāpāramitā
889:Prajñāpāramitā
877:
876:Second Turning
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710:as well as in
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416:Pratyekabuddha
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371:Buddhist chant
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5031:Miscellaneous
5028:
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5021:Vegetarianism
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4843:Buddha in art
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4054:Padmasambhava
4052:
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3997:
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3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
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3971:
3969:
3967:
3966:Major figures
3963:
3957:
3954:
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3912:Western tulku
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3808:
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3716:
3714:
3713:Five precepts
3711:
3710:
3709:
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3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Dhamma vicaya
3689:
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3679:
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3467:
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3462:
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3459:Buddhābhiṣeka
3457:
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3443:
3440:
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3126:
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3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Enlightenment
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Dhamma theory
3091:
3089:
3088:Buddha-nature
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
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3071:
3070:
3068:
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3018:
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3008:
3006:
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2927:Samantabhadra
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2293:
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2279:
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2255:
2251:
2248:Muller, A.C.
2244:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2101:1-886439-10-9
2098:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2080:1-886439-10-9
2077:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2060:0-415-02537-0
2057:
2053:
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2017:
2015:
2013:
2005:
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1691:
1687:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
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1578:
1574:
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1569:
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1560:
1555:
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1536:
1532:
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1525:
1517:
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1511:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:buddha-nature
1341:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1305:is purified.
1304:
1303:ālaya-vijñāna
1300:
1299:amala-vijñāna
1296:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1211:, Xuanzang's
1210:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:Jñānaśrīmitra
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:
979:
975:
971:
970:
961:
956:
945:Third Turning
942:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
890:
886:
882:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:First Turning
787:
786:
781:
777:
772:
763:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
616:
615:
614:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
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503:
500:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
390:
389:
382:
381:Vegetarianism
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Recollections
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Five precepts
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
290:
285:
284:
277:
274:
272:
271:Chinese canon
269:
267:
266:Tibetan canon
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
225:
224:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
122:
121:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
66:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
5209:Bodhisattvas
5129:Christianity
5124:Baháʼí Faith
4989:Dharmachakra
4979:Prayer wheel
4969:Prayer beads
4737:Architecture
4616:969 Movement
4400:Saudi Arabia
4378:Central Asia
4371:South Africa
4193:
4176:
4109:Panchen Lama
4014:Buddhapālita
3610:Satipatthana
3605:Mindful Yoga
3518:Recollection
3432:Brahmavihara
3303:Japanese Zen
3298:Chinese Chan
3258:Animal realm
3065:Key concepts
2887:Bodhisattvas
2699:Three Jewels
2576:
2564:
2554:
2545:
2529:
2524:
2508:
2503:
2487:
2482:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2273:
2268:
2257:. Retrieved
2253:
2243:
2233:
2226:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2178:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2092:
2087:
2071:
2066:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2003:
1999:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1872:
1835:
1817:
1810:
1799:
1783:, including
1756:
1744:
1730:
1721:
1707:
1700:
1684:The Chinese
1683:
1652:
1645:dharmacakras
1630:
1607:
1588:
1584:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1506:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1308:As noted by
1307:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1265:ālayavijñāna
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1240:
1234:
1231:Vasubandhu's
1229:), which is
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1078:
1064:ālayavijñāna
1062:
1055:
1049:
1039:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:ālayavijñāna
981:
973:
967:
965:
928:
920:
912:
899:Mountain in
897:Vulture Peak
894:
885:Vulture Peak
855:
823:sense fields
805:in northern
796:
783:
753:
748:
747:), like the
738:
734:
716:
697:
681:
673:
665:
663:
331:Merit making
296:Three Jewels
236:Buddhavacana
166:Impermanence
154:Dharma wheel
5054:Dharma talk
4883:Asalha Puja
4679:Eschatology
4482:Switzerland
4462:New Zealand
4390:Middle East
4299:Philippines
4219:Afghanistan
4024:Bodhidharma
4009:Buddhaghosa
3929:Householder
3839:Monasticism
3792:Bodhisattva
3647:Prostration
3600:Mindfulness
3528:Anapanasati
3511:Kammaṭṭhāna
3308:Korean Seon
3248:Asura realm
3243:Human realm
3183:Ten Fetters
3138:Parinirvana
3040:Uppalavanna
3005:Mahākaccana
2990:Mahākassapa
2922:Kṣitigarbha
2917:Ākāśagarbha
2814:Suddhodāna
2759:Four sights
2686:Foundations
1843:Dharmacakra
1740:Lotus sutra
1673:Lotus sutra
1314:Laṅkāvatāra
1149:no. 1830),
1072:as well as
992:trisvabhāva
917:bodhisattva
862:śrāvakayāna
835:Sutrapitaka
737:) like the
727:śrāvakayāna
566:New Zealand
421:Bodhisattva
406:Four Stages
361:Monasticism
341:Mindfulness
311:Perfections
241:Early Texts
5171:Psychology
5151:Gnosticism
5139:Comparison
5134:Influences
5116:Comparison
4999:Bhavacakra
4957:Kushinagar
4932:Pilgrimage
4878:Māgha Pūjā
4833:Bodhi Tree
4649:Buddhology
4639:Abhidharma
4631:Philosophy
4564:Menander I
4432:Costa Rica
4383:Uzbekistan
4224:Bangladesh
4178:Dhammapada
4162:Pali Canon
4124:Ajahn Chah
4104:Dalai Lama
4004:Kumārajīva
3999:Vasubandhu
3974:The Buddha
3882:Zen master
3817:Sakadagami
3797:Buddhahood
3728:Pratimokṣa
3543:Shikantaza
3499:Meditation
3474:Deity yoga
3345:Madhyamaka
3238:Deva realm
3133:Mindstream
3083:Bodhicitta
2995:Aṅgulimāla
2862:Devadatta
2838:Yaśodharā
2741:The Buddha
2731:Middle Way
2473:2023-08-11
2259:2023-04-24
2193:2022-12-28
2169:2023-08-07
2006:Routledge.
1906:2023-08-10
1854:References
1789:Madhyamaka
1641:Madhyamaka
1495:Tsongkhapa
1405:, and the
1326:Madhyamaka
1295:Paramārtha
1241:Shidi jing
1217:, and the
1175:(如來出現功德莊嚴)
1145:(成唯識 論述記;
1097:Śīlabhadra
1093:Dharmapāla
1089:Sthiramati
1085:Vasubandhu
1019:-viniscaya
1017:paramartha
1012:suvibhakta
937:school of
935:Madhyamaka
915:) and the
866:Vaibhasika
858:Abhidharma
439:Traditions
376:Pilgrimage
316:Meditation
276:Post-canon
256:Pāli Canon
186:Middle Way
83:The Buddha
5239:Festivals
5219:Buddhists
5181:Theosophy
4984:Symbolism
4974:Hama yumi
4947:Bodh Gaya
4714:Socialism
4689:Evolution
4664:Economics
4502:Venezuela
4417:Australia
4412:Argentina
4336:Sri Lanka
4331:Singapore
4249:Indonesia
4211:Countries
4152:Tripiṭaka
4114:Ajahn Mun
3989:Nagarjuna
3984:Aśvaghoṣa
3867:Anagārika
3862:Śrāmaṇerī
3857:Śrāmaṇera
3852:Bhikkhunī
3812:Sotāpanna
3701:Passaddhi
3642:Offerings
3617:Nekkhamma
3494:Iddhipada
3414:Practices
3384:Theravada
3357:Vajrayana
3350:Yogachara
3320:Pure Land
3233:Six Paths
3220:Cosmology
3000:Anuruddha
2975:Sāriputta
2965:Kaundinya
2957:Disciples
2932:Vajrapāṇi
2784:Footprint
2749:Tathāgata
1639:(Sanlun)
1609:Vajrayana
1593:Tathagata
1503:emptiness
1476:neyārtha,
939:Nagarjuna
931:Manjushri
909:emptiness
901:Rajagriha
870:Theravada
776:Gandharan
762:schools.
719:Tripiṭaka
586:Sri Lanka
576:Singapore
531:Indonesia
471:Vajrayāna
446:Theravāda
401:Awakening
289:Practices
246:Tripiṭaka
216:Cosmology
191:Emptiness
171:Suffering
5284:Category
5257:Category
5186:Violence
5156:Hinduism
5104:Sanskrit
5059:Hinayana
5044:Amitābha
5004:Swastika
4873:Uposatha
4863:Holidays
4848:Calendar
4694:Humanism
4532:Kanishka
4522:Timeline
4346:Thailand
4314:Kalmykia
4309:Buryatia
4294:Pakistan
4279:Mongolia
4274:Maldives
4269:Malaysia
4234:Cambodia
4099:Shamarpa
4094:Nichiren
4044:Xuanzang
3979:Nagasena
3897:Rinpoche
3627:Pāramitā
3469:Devotion
3389:Navayana
3377:Dzogchen
3340:Nichiren
3288:Mahayana
3280:Branches
3158:Saṅkhāra
2907:Mañjuśrī
2864:(cousin)
2856:(cousin)
2824:(mother)
2816:(father)
2804:Miracles
2754:Birthday
2671:Glossary
2644:Buddhism
1825:See also
1785:Yogacara
1718:Vaipulya
1666:Mahayana
1662:Hinayana
1621:Dzogchen
1577:not-self
1499:Yogācāra
1472:nītārtha
1453:and its
1439:and the
1425:Maitreya
1331:svabhava
1280:and the
1101:Xuanzang
1070:idealism
1054:and the
1046:Yogācāra
1034:Maitreya
978:Yogācāra
960:Maitreya
843:Hinayana
827:not-self
803:Varanasi
766:Overview
704:Yogācāra
670:Sanskrit
596:Thailand
556:Mongolia
551:Malaysia
516:Cambodia
481:Navayana
461:Hinayana
456:Mahāyāna
366:Lay life
196:Morality
176:Not-self
134:Concepts
93:Councils
78:Timeline
50:Glossary
32:Buddhism
24:a series
22:Part of
5234:Temples
5214:Buddhas
5176:Science
5166:Judaism
5161:Jainism
5079:Lineage
5039:Abhijñā
5009:Thangka
4952:Sarnath
4937:Lumbini
4858:Funeral
4853:Cuisine
4729:Culture
4704:Reality
4654:Creator
4644:Atomism
4514:History
4487:Ukraine
4447:Germany
4366:Senegal
4356:Vietnam
4284:Myanmar
4084:Shinran
4074:Karmapa
4049:Shandao
4019:Dignāga
3944:Śrāvaka
3924:Donchee
3919:Kappiya
3877:Sayadaw
3847:Bhikkhu
3822:Anāgāmi
3779:Nirvana
3745:Samadhi
3632:Paritta
3573:Tonglen
3568:Mandala
3523:Smarana
3504:Mantras
3452:Upekkha
3422:Bhavana
3372:Shingon
3325:Tiantai
3178:Tathātā
3168:Śūnyatā
3163:Skandha
3153:Saṃsāra
3148:Rebirth
3123:Kleshas
3113:Indriya
3015:Subhūti
2900:Guanyin
2854:Ānanda
2846:Rāhula
2726:Nirvana
2666:Outline
1690:panjiào
1686:Tiantai
1680:Tiantai
1487:Nyingma
1416:master
1350:master
1136:In his
1123:-bhāṣya
1114:In his
1076:ideas.
994:). The
913:śūnyatā
851:dharmas
799:Sarnath
780:Sarnath
735:śūnyatā
684:) is a
678:Tibetan
606:Vietnam
561:Myanmar
476:Tibetan
466:Chinese
394:Nirvāṇa
211:Saṃsāra
206:Rebirth
71:History
60:Outline
5229:Sutras
5224:Suttas
5089:Siddhi
5074:Koliya
5049:Brahmā
4964:Poetry
4910:Mantra
4900:Kasaya
4772:Pagoda
4752:Kyaung
4747:Vihāra
4742:Temple
4684:Ethics
4527:Ashoka
4477:Sweden
4472:Poland
4467:Norway
4457:Mexico
4442:France
4427:Canada
4422:Brazil
4361:Africa
4341:Taiwan
4304:Russia
4229:Bhutan
4189:Vinaya
4069:Naropa
4059:Saraha
3994:Asanga
3750:Prajñā
3659:Refuge
3622:Nianfo
3583:Tertön
3578:Tantra
3563:Ganana
3553:Tukdam
3479:Dhyāna
3447:Mudita
3442:Karuṇā
3335:Risshū
3330:Huayan
3263:Naraka
3203:Anattā
3198:Dukkha
3193:Anicca
3098:Dharma
3050:Channa
2985:Ānanda
2970:Assaji
2937:Skanda
2840:(wife)
2809:Family
2789:Relics
2714:Sangha
2709:Dharma
2704:Buddha
2581:p. 233
2536:
2515:
2494:
2280:
2133:BRILL.
2099:
2078:
2058:
2002:p. 349
1879:
1787:, and
1763:Zongmi
1759:Huayen
1753:Huayen
1711:sūtras
1668:texts.
1637:Sanron
1635:, the
1583:. The
1573:Dharma
1514:Jonang
1348:Jonang
1243:十地經).
1181:(阿毘達磨)
1147:Taishō
1081:Asaṅga
1040:Other
1030:Asanga
924:sutras
911:(Skt:
839:Vinaya
829:, the
821:, the
817:, the
591:Taiwan
571:Russia
511:Brazil
506:Bhutan
426:Buddha
346:Wisdom
129:Dharma
5201:Lists
5069:Kalpa
5064:Iddhi
4927:Music
4922:Mudra
4888:Vassa
4868:Vesak
4838:Budai
4784:Candi
4767:Stupa
4699:Logic
4452:Italy
4351:Tibet
4289:Nepal
4259:Korea
4254:Japan
4244:India
4239:China
4184:Sutra
4139:Texts
4089:Dōgen
4079:Hōnen
4064:Atiśa
4029:Zhiyi
3939:Achar
3907:Tulku
3902:Geshe
3887:Rōshi
3872:Ajahn
3827:Arhat
3787:Bodhi
3757:Vīrya
3674:Sacca
3669:Satya
3664:Sādhu
3652:Music
3595:Merit
3588:Terma
3548:Zazen
3484:Faith
3437:Mettā
3118:Karma
3078:Bardo
3045:Asita
3035:Khema
3025:Upāli
3010:Nanda
2848:(son)
2822:Māyā
2799:Films
2676:Index
2129:p. 78
2024:p. 34
1811:hsien
1735:般若經).
1709:Āgama
1539:beryl
1491:Gelug
1227:Dilun
1151:Kuiji
905:Bihar
903:, in
807:India
801:near
601:Tibet
541:Korea
536:Japan
526:India
521:China
486:Newar
411:Arhat
201:Karma
55:Index
5099:Pāḷi
5084:Māra
4994:Flag
4395:Iran
4319:Tuva
4264:Laos
3892:Lama
3740:Śīla
3708:Śīla
3696:Pīti
3686:Sati
3637:Puja
3558:Koan
3464:Dāna
3055:Yasa
2942:Tārā
2534:ISBN
2513:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2056:ISBN
1877:ISBN
1805:The
1779:The
1769:The
1742:and
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