889:"bodhisattva-vehicle", which was given the epithet Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle". It was only later, after attitudes toward the bodhisattva teachings had become more critical, that the term Hīnayāna was created as a back-formation, contrasting with the already established term Mahāyāna. The earliest Mahāyāna texts often use the term Mahāyāna as an epithet and synonym for Bodhisattvayāna, but the term Hīnayāna is comparatively rare in early texts, and is usually not found at all in the earliest translations. Therefore, the often-perceived symmetry between Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna can be deceptive, as the terms were not actually coined in relation to one another in the same era.
1075:. Additionally, the concept of the bodhisattva as one who puts off enlightenment rather than reaching awakening as soon as possible, has no roots in Theravada textual or cultural contexts, current or historical. Aside from the Theravada schools being geographically distant from the Mahayana, the Hinayana distinction is used in reference to certain views and practices that had become found within the Mahayana tradition itself. Theravada, as well as Mahayana schools stress the urgency of one's own awakening in order to end suffering. Some contemporary Theravadin figures have thus indicated a sympathetic stance toward the Mahayana philosophy found in the
47:
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896:, "the deep-rooted misconception concerning an unfailing, ubiquitous fierce criticism of the Lesser Vehicle by the is not supported by our texts." Williams states that while evidence of conflict is present in some cases, there is also substantial evidence demonstrating peaceful coexistence between the two traditions.
957:
Nikāya. Explaining their doctrinal affiliations, he then writes, "Which of the four schools should be grouped with the Mahāyāna or with the Hīnayāna is not determined." That is to say, there was no simple correspondence between a
Buddhist school and whether its members learn "Hīnayāna" or "Mahāyāna"
1040:
in Sri Lanka. He refers to the monks of the Mahāvihara as the "Hīnayāna
Sthaviras" and the monks of Abhayagiri vihāra as the "Mahāyāna Sthaviras". Xuanzang further writes, "The Mahāvihāravāsins reject the Mahāyāna and practice the Hīnayāna, while the Abhayagirivihāravāsins study both Hīnayāna and
1102:
holds that they endeavored to preserve the early teaching. The
Theravadins too refuted the Sarvāstivādins and Sautrāntikins (and followers of other schools) on the grounds that their theories were in conflict with the non-substantialism of the canon. The Theravada arguments are preserved in the
1151:
The Small
Vehicle is based on becoming aware of the fact that all we experience in samsara is marked by suffering. Being aware of this engenders the will to rid ourselves of this suffering, to liberate ourselves on an individual level, and to attain happiness. We are moved by our own interest.
977:
Scholar
Isabelle Onians asserts that although "the Mahāyāna ... very occasionally referred to earlier Buddhism as the Hinayāna, the Inferior Way, the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts." She notes that the term
944:
wrote about the relationship between the various "vehicles" and the early
Buddhist schools in India. He wrote, "There exist in the West numerous subdivisions of the schools which have different origins, but there are only four principal schools of continuous tradition." These schools are the
1117:
Some western scholars still regard the
Theravada school to be one of the Hinayana schools referred to in Mahayana literature, or regard Hinayana as a synonym for Theravada. These scholars understand the term to refer to schools of Buddhism that did not accept the teachings of the
982:
was "the more politically correct and much more usual" term used by Mahāyānists. Jonathan Silk has argued that the term "Hinayana" was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion, and did not refer to any definite grouping of
Buddhists.
1063:, which had by far the most "comprehensive edifice of doctrinal systematics" of the nikāya schools. With this in mind it is sometimes argued that the Theravada would not have been considered a "Hinayana" school by Mahayanists because, unlike the now-extinct
908:
are sometimes loosely classified as Hīnayāna in modern times, this is not necessarily accurate. There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school of
Buddhism but rather as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines.
1498:""one does not find anywhere else a body of doctrine as organized or as complete as theirs". . . "Indeed, no other competing schools have ever come close to building up such a comprehensive edifice of doctrinal systematics as the Vaibhāśika."
885:, it is most likely that the term Hīnayāna postdates the term Mahāyāna and was only added at a later date due to antagonism and conflict between the bodhisattva and śrāvaka ideals. The sequence of terms then began with the term
937:. Mahāyāna was never a separate sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mahāyāna and non-Mahāyāna monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side.
1136:, who suggested it to me as a usage for the eighteen schools of Indian Buddhism to avoid the term 'Hinayana Buddhism,' which is found offensive by some members of the Theravada tradition."
1270:
have in the past, as in the very recent present, identified themselves as
Mahayana Buddhists, even if the polemical or value claim embedded in that term was only dimly felt, if at all.",
1169:
Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Oxford, 1899), "Proper Noun: simpler or lesser vehicle. Name of the earliest system of Buddhist doctrine (opposite to the later Mahayana; see
690:. This term appeared around the first or second century. Hīnayāna is considered as the preliminary or small (hina) vehicle (yana) of the Buddha's teachings. It is often contrasted with
1500:
The Sautrantika theory of seeds (bija) revisited: With special reference to the ideological continuity between Vasubandhu's theory of seeds and its Srilata/Darstantika precedents
1122:
as authentic teachings of the Buddha. At the same time, scholars have objected to the pejorative connotation of the term Hinayana and some scholars do not use it for any school.
1147:
stated the "lesser" or "greater" designation "did not refer to economic or social status, but concerned the spiritual capacities of the practitioner". Rinpoche states:
965:
but also Mahāyāna bodhisattvas would be attacking the schools of their fellow Mahāyānists as well as their own. Instead, what is demonstrated in the definition of
789:) is a term literally meaning the "small/deficient vehicle" or "small path." Adherents of non-Mahayana traditions were said to be obliged to adhere to only the
836:) the term for hinayana also means "small" or "lesser" vehicle or better called path, while in Tibetan there are at least two words to designate the term,
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1211:
1231:
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as "small vehicle" (小 meaning "small", 乘 meaning "vehicle"), although earlier and more accurate translations of the term also exist. In Mongolian (
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109:
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2422:
694:, the second vehicle of the Buddha's teachings, or the great (maha) vehicle (yana). The third vehicle of the Buddha's teachings is the
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in even stronger terms, with a semantic field that includes "poor, miserable; vile, base, abject, contemptible", and "despicable".
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Isabelle Onians, "Tantric Buddhist Apologetics, or Antinomianism as a Norm," D.Phil. dissertation, Oxford, Trinity Term 2001 pg 72
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4141:
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teachings were generally given later. Modern Buddhist scholarship has deprecated the pejorative term, and instead uses the term
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2130:
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were practiced in Tibet and that the hinayana which literally means "lesser vehicle" is in no way inferior to the mahayana."
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1198:"Meaning of hina | hina meaning in sanskrit | origin and history of hina | sanskrit syllables and sounds and text in hina"
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Jonathan A Silk. What, if anything, is Mahayana Buddhism? Numen 49:4 (2002):335-405. Article reprinted in Williams,
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school, the primary object of Mahayana criticism, the Theravada school does not claim the existence of independent
813:(यान): "vehicle", where "vehicle" or "path" what means "a way of going to enlightenment". The Pali Text Society's
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adhering to the Mahāyāna formally adheres to the vinaya of an early school. This continues today with the
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Within Mahayana Buddhism, there were a variety of interpretations as to whom or to what the term
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Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brāhmanism and Hindūism: And in Its Contrast with Christianity
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are called the Mahāyānists, while those who do not perform these are called the Hīnayānists.
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Robert Thurman and Professor Masatoshi Nagatomi of Harvard University: Robert Thurman, in
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1000:, who visited India in the 7th century, distinguished Mahāyāna from Hīnayāna as follows:
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given by Yijing is that the term referred to individuals based on doctrinal differences.
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2016:
Swearer, Donald (2006), "Theravada Buddhist Societies", in Juergensmeyer, Mark (ed.),
1957:
A Few Good Men: The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugraparipṛcchā)
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The Mahayanists were bothered by the substantialist thought of the Sarvāstivādins and
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The Madman's Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel
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has also noted that the Mahāyāna never had nor ever attempted to have a separate
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20:
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To identify entire schools as "Hīnayāna" that contained not only śrāvakas and
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2000:
Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata, A Commentary on The Treatise of Maitreya
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809:: "little", "poor", "inferior", "abandoned", "deficient", "defective"; and
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introduced by Binh Hanson, webmaster of "BuddhaSasana" (www.budsas.org)
1819:
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is in no way implying "inferior". In his translation and commentary of
432:
192:
89:
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1907:
Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal
1502:
by Park, Changhwan, PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 2007 pg 2
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or ordination lineage from the early Buddhist schools, and therefore
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is a Sanskrit term that was at one time applied collectively to the
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Abhidhamma Studies: Buddhist Explorations of Consciousness and Time
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Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition
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899:
167:
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1885:
Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought
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Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture
1412:
Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture
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Mahayanists were primarily in philosophical dialectic with the
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862:, he writes, "all three traditions of hinayana, mahayana, and
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meaning "inferior vehicle" or "inferior spiritual approach".
769:
417:
1807:
History of Indian Buddhism: From Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana
1250:"It is also certain that Buddhist groups and individuals in
5426:
5118:
5113:
5006:
4649:
3442:
3108:
2605:
2073:
Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Volume 3.
1759:
Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravāda Buddhism
1654:
1152:
Renunciation and perseverance allow us to attain our goal.
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760:
1368:
5128:
4307:
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1632:
1630:
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1591:
1529:
1435:
1433:
1687:
MacMillan Reference Library of Buddhism, 2004, page 328
1579:
1380:
1715:
1703:
1627:
1392:
1341:
1317:
940:
The seventh-century Chinese Buddhist monk and pilgrim
1669:
1642:
1430:
1128:
writes, "'Nikaya Buddhism' is a coinage of Professor
1016:. Those who venerate (regard with great respect) the
772:
757:
748:
1285:"Rangjung Yeshe Wiki - Dharma Dictionary:theg chung"
723:
has also been inappropriately used as a synonym for
705:
to describe the early teachings of Buddhism, as the
1609:
1541:
1305:"Rangjung Yeshe Wiki - Dharma Dictionary:theg dman"
763:
751:
1517:
1008:, and they have in common the prohibitions of the
1750:Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
5444:
2066:
1362:
1835:
1803:
1511:
1486:
1028:In the 7th century, the Chinese Buddhist monk
900:Mahāyāna members of the early Buddhist schools
784:
4846:
2173:
1904:
1836:Hoffman, Frank J.; Mahinda, Deegalle (1996),
1663:
727:, which is the main tradition of Buddhism in
698:, the indestructible (vajra) vehicle (yana).
652:
16:Term for preliminary Buddhism before Mahayāna
2955:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2119:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations
1982:Profound Buddhism From Hinayana To Vajrayana
1050:
991:
4853:
4839:
2180:
2166:
2037:
1857:
1597:
1585:
1535:
1032:describes the concurrent existence of the
972:
659:
645:
1905:LeVine, Sarah; Gellner, David N. (2007),
1232:"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit"
1212:"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit"
986:
2113:
2092:
1997:
1976:
1778:
1721:
1709:
1636:
1439:
1398:
1386:
1323:
929:ordination lineage in East Asia and the
4142:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2018:The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions
2015:
1951:
1756:
1737:
1675:
1648:
1374:
1347:
1335:
1112:
1071:; in this it maintains the attitude of
19:For the American death metal band, see
5445:
4345:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1804:Hirakawa, Akira; Groner, Paul (2007),
1603:
4834:
2161:
1926:
1547:
1094:, and in emphasizing the doctrine of
1041:Mahāyāna teachings and propagate the
1882:
1559:
1523:
4860:
1998:Rinpoche, Khenchen Thrangu (2004),
860:Distinguishing Dharma from Dharmata
13:
4132:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1272:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism
110:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
105:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
5469:
2139:
1863:Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna
1565:"Emptiness in Theravada Buddhism"
4813:
4803:
4802:
4360:Thai temple art and architecture
4105:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2345:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2211:
2198:
2188:
1698:The Emptiness That is Compassion
1475:Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.
744:
626:
45:
5453:Buddhist philosophical concepts
2212:
2152:Mahayana - Hinayana - Theravada
2146:"Theravada - Mahayana Buddhism"
1690:
1681:
1553:
1492:
1467:
1454:
1445:
1417:
1404:
1012:, and also the practice of the
953:, Mūlasarvāstivāda Nikāya, and
701:Western scholars used the term
4350:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4152:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3232:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2423:Places where the Buddha stayed
1297:
1277:
1244:
1224:
1204:
1190:
1176:
1163:
1:
5071:(United Society of Believers)
4365:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
871:World Fellowship of Buddhists
4122:Buddhism and the Roman world
4098:Decline of Buddhism in India
4093:History of Buddhism in India
2193: Topics in
1963:, p. 174 (footnote 6),
1610:Monier-Williams, M. (1889).
1363:Williams & Williams 2004
1004:Both adopt one and the same
840:meaning "small vehicle" and
796:
308:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
5052:Great and abominable church
3320:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3060:
1936:University of Chicago Press
1889:Georgetown University Press
1567:. Insight Meditation Center
1338:, p. 174 (footnote 6).
824:The term was translated by
10:
5474:
4270:The unanswerable questions
1961:University of Hawaii Press
1763:Cambridge University Press
1731:
1512:Hoffman & Mahinda 1996
1487:Hirakawa & Groner 2007
876:
18:
5417:
5392:
5358:
5332:
5325:
5298:
5280:
5262:
5244:
5226:
5203:
5187:
5178:
5158:
5137:
5106:
5099:
5081:
5043:
5020:
4967:
4936:
4927:
4869:
4798:
4750:
4665:
4580:
4355:Buddhist temples in Korea
4278:
4180:
4063:
3760:
3688:
3515:
3388:
3328:
2963:
2918:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2829:
2821:Three planes of existence
2769:
2614:
2506:
2436:
2428:Buddha in world religions
2290:
2235:
2207:
1664:LeVine & Gellner 2007
1051:Philosophical differences
992:Views of Chinese pilgrims
785:
4137:Persecution of Buddhists
3358:Four stages of awakening
2739:Three marks of existence
2325:Physical characteristics
1911:Harvard University Press
1757:Collins, Steven (1990),
1156:
3500:Ten principal disciples
2383:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2148:Dr. W. Rahula's article
2022:Oxford University Press
973:Hīnayāna as Śrāvakayāna
815:Pali-English Dictionary
328:Philosophical reasoning
4210:Buddhism and democracy
3723:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3718:Chinese Buddhist canon
2950:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2945:Early Buddhist schools
1883:King, Richard (1999),
1743:"The Hinayana Fallacy"
1536:Thera & Bodhi 1998
1423:Walser, Joseph (2005)
1410:Walser, Joseph (2005)
1154:
1026:
987:Hīnayāna and Theravāda
933:ordination lineage in
906:early Buddhist schools
717:early Buddhist schools
95:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4220:Eight Consciousnesses
2330:Life of Buddha in art
1184:"Sanskrit Dictionary"
1149:
1002:
363:Aids to Enlightenment
188:Dependent Origination
5065:(Society of Friends)
4697:East Asian religions
4127:Buddhism in the West
3698:Early Buddhist texts
3313:Four Right Exertions
2779:Ten spiritual realms
2272:Noble Eightfold Path
1984:, Clearpoint Press,
1700:, footnote 10, 1980.
1313:. Tsadra Foundation.
1293:. Tsadra Foundation.
1113:Opinions of scholars
1084:Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
850:has emphasized that
333:Devotional practices
156:Noble Eightfold Path
4820:Religion portal
4567:Temple of the Tooth
4446:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3485:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2978:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2761:Two truths doctrine
2581:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2381:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2051:Wisdom Publications
1867:Motilal Banarsidass
1812:Motilal Banarsidass
1377:, pp. 193–194.
1310:Rangjung Yeshe Wiki
1290:Rangjung Yeshe Wiki
904:Although the 18–20
633:Buddhism portal
506:Buddhism by country
268:Sanskrit literature
4742:Western philosophy
4340:Dzong architecture
4162:Vipassana movement
4157:Buddhist modernism
3585:Emperor Wen of Sui
3353:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3286:Threefold Training
3088:Vipassana movement
2804:Hungry Ghost realm
2624:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2571:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2320:Great Renunciation
2315:Eight Great Events
2197:
2039:Thera, Nyanaponika
1784:Theravāda Buddhism
1134:Harvard University
1130:Masatoshi Nagatomi
817:(1921–25) defines
683:Pratyekabuddhayāna
120:Buddhist modernism
5440:
5439:
5413:
5412:
5321:
5320:
5174:
5173:
5077:
5076:
4828:
4827:
4466:Om mani padme hum
4172:Women in Buddhism
4088:Buddhist councils
3958:Western countries
3746:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3507:Shaolin Monastery
3084:Samatha-vipassanā
2694:Pratītyasamutpāda
2498:Metteyya/Maitreya
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2245:Four Noble Truths
2132:978-0-415-35653-4
1928:Lopez, Donald Jr.
1859:Kalupahana, David
1780:Gombrich, Richard
1473:Baruah, Bibhuti.
1464:, Routledge, 2005
1462:Buddhism, Vol III
1038:Abhayagiri vihāra
1014:Four Noble Truths
996:The Chinese monk
869:According to the
830:Classical Chinese
669:
668:
151:Four Noble Truths
5465:
5458:Pejorative terms
5330:
5329:
5254:Grave worshipper
5185:
5184:
5104:
5103:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5057:Latter-Day Saint
5012:Whore of Babylon
4992:Mackerel snapper
4934:
4933:
4890:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4831:
4818:
4817:
4806:
4805:
4645:Sacred languages
4493:Maya Devi Temple
4456:Mahabodhi Temple
4260:Secular Buddhism
4225:Engaged Buddhism
3065:
2913:Tibetan Buddhism
2864:Vietnamese Thiền
2463:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2215:
2214:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2135:
2110:
2089:
2067:Williams, Jane;
2063:
2034:
2012:
1994:
1973:
1948:
1923:
1901:
1879:
1854:
1832:
1800:
1797:978-0415-36508-6
1775:
1753:
1747:
1739:Analayo, Bhikkhu
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1694:
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1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1274:, 2004, page 492
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1100:David Kalupahana
935:Tibetan Buddhism
931:Mūlasarvāstivāda
848:Thrangu Rinpoche
828:and others into
788:
787:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
661:
654:
647:
631:
630:
358:Sublime abidings
49:
26:
25:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5409:
5388:
5354:
5317:
5294:
5276:
5258:
5240:
5222:
5199:
5170:
5154:
5145:Self-hating Jew
5133:
5095:
5073:
5070:
5064:
5054:
5039:
5016:
4963:
4923:
4884:
4865:
4859:
4829:
4824:
4812:
4794:
4746:
4661:
4576:
4313:Ordination hall
4274:
4176:
4147:Buddhist crisis
4059:
3756:
3708:Mahayana sutras
3684:
3680:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3511:
3384:
3324:
3274:Bodhisattva vow
2959:
2825:
2765:
2724:Taṇhā (Craving)
2659:Five hindrances
2610:
2502:
2432:
2286:
2231:
2203:
2186:
2142:
2133:
2108:
2087:
2061:
2032:
2010:
1992:
1971:
1946:
1921:
1899:
1877:
1852:
1830:
1798:
1773:
1745:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1720:
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1708:
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1670:
1662:
1655:
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1643:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1598:Kalupahana 2015
1596:
1592:
1586:Kalupahana 2015
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
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1455:
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1438:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:, pp. 4–5.
1385:
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1369:
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1318:
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1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
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1177:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1120:Mahāyāna sūtras
1115:
1053:
1022:Mahāyāna sūtras
994:
989:
975:
963:pratyekabuddhas
951:Sthavira nikāya
902:
887:Bodhisattvayāna
879:
799:
747:
743:
712:Nikaya Buddhism
665:
625:
618:
617:
508:
498:
497:
448:
438:
437:
403:
393:
392:
298:
288:
287:
258:Mahayana Sutras
238:
228:
227:
168:Five Aggregates
146:
145:
125:
124:
115:Later Buddhists
80:
24:
21:Hinayana (band)
17:
12:
11:
5:
5471:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5438:
5437:
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5434:
5429:
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5319:
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5310:
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5260:
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5232:
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5220:
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5182:
5176:
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5147:
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5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4977:Creeping Jesus
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
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4426:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4377:Greco-Buddhist
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4328:Burmese pagoda
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
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4295:
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4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4110:Greco-Buddhism
4107:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:United Kingdom
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3988:Czech Republic
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
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3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
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3772:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3752:Abhidharmadīpa
3749:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:B. R. Ambedkar
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3590:Songtsen Gampo
3587:
3582:
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3567:
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3410:
3405:
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3355:
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3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Eight precepts
3266:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3185:
3180:
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3165:
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3158:
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3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3040:Five Strengths
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2980:
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2967:
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2726:
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2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2679:Mental factors
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
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2603:
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2583:
2578:
2573:
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2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Mahamoggallāna
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2446:Avalokiteśvara
2442:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2357:
2352:
2347:
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2337:
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2327:
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2296:
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2279:
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2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
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2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2140:External links
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2115:Williams, Paul
2111:
2107:978-0415207010
2106:
2094:Williams, Paul
2090:
2086:978-0415332293
2085:
2069:Williams, Paul
2064:
2060:978-0861711352
2059:
2043:Bodhi, Bhikkhu
2035:
2031:978-0195137989
2030:
2013:
2009:978-1877294334
2008:
1995:
1991:978-0963037152
1990:
1978:Rinpoche, Kalu
1974:
1970:978-0824830038
1969:
1949:
1945:978-0226493169
1944:
1924:
1920:978-0674025547
1919:
1902:
1898:978-0878407569
1897:
1880:
1876:978-8120807747
1875:
1855:
1851:978-0700703593
1850:
1833:
1829:978-8120809550
1828:
1801:
1796:
1776:
1772:978-0521701488
1771:
1754:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1653:
1641:
1626:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1514:, p. 192.
1504:
1491:
1489:, p. 121.
1479:
1466:
1453:
1444:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1352:
1350:, p. 172.
1340:
1328:
1326:, p. 113.
1316:
1296:
1276:
1243:
1223:
1203:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1126:Robert Thurman
1114:
1111:
1073:early Buddhism
1052:
1049:
993:
990:
988:
985:
974:
971:
901:
898:
878:
875:
798:
795:
742:, "Hīnayāna" (
733:Southeast Asia
667:
666:
664:
663:
656:
649:
641:
638:
637:
636:
635:
620:
619:
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480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
425:
423:Pratyekabuddha
420:
415:
410:
404:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
385:
380:
378:Buddhist chant
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
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265:
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236:Buddhist texts
234:
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42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5470:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:Non-believers
5324:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
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5255:
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5210:
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5177:
5167:
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5136:
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5102:
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5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
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4975:
4974:
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4966:
4960:
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4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
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4942:
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4935:
4932:
4930:
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4915:
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4907:
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4902:
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4897:
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4883:
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4863:
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4781:
4778:
4776:
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4771:
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4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
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4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4656:
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4651:
4648:
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4641:
4638:
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4628:
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4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4582:Miscellaneous
4579:
4573:
4572:Vegetarianism
4570:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
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4459:
4457:
4454:
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4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Buddha in art
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
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4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
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4299:
4296:
4294:
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4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
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4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
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4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:United States
4046:
4044:
4041:
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4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
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3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
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3927:
3923:
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3900:
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3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
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3856:
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3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Padmasambhava
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3517:Major figures
3514:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3463:Western tulku
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:Five precepts
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Dhamma vicaya
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Buddhābhiṣeka
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Enlightenment
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Dhamma theory
2642:
2640:
2639:Buddha-nature
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Samantabhadra
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:Pāli Buddhism
1834:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1724:, p. 16.
1723:
1722:Rinpoche 1995
1718:
1712:, p. 15.
1711:
1710:Rinpoche 1995
1706:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:, p. 83.
1677:
1672:
1666:, p. 14.
1665:
1660:
1658:
1651:, p. 21.
1650:
1645:
1639:, p. 83.
1638:
1637:Gombrich 2006
1633:
1631:
1616:. John Murray
1615:
1614:
1606:
1600:, p. 24.
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1561:Fronsdal, Gil
1556:
1550:, p. 24.
1549:
1544:
1538:, p. 42.
1537:
1532:
1526:, p. 86.
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1441:
1440:Williams 2009
1436:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1401:, p. 97.
1400:
1399:Williams 2000
1395:
1388:
1387:Williams 2009
1383:
1376:
1371:
1365:, p. 43.
1364:
1359:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1324:Rinpoche 2004
1320:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1233:
1227:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:Kalu Rinpoche
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:Sautrāntikins
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1020:and read the
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:five offenses
1007:
1001:
999:
984:
981:
970:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
948:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:Dharmaguptaka
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:Paul Williams
907:
897:
895:
894:Paul Williams
892:According to
890:
888:
884:
881:According to
874:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
805:is formed of
804:
794:
792:
791:Five precepts
780:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
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673:
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629:
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566:
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549:
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544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
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519:
516:
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511:
510:
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494:
491:
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486:
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426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
402:
397:
396:
389:
388:Vegetarianism
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Recollections
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Five precepts
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
297:
292:
291:
284:
281:
279:
278:Chinese canon
276:
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273:Tibetan canon
271:
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82:
79:
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73:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
5432:Majoos/Majus
5419:Zoroastrians
4898:
4760:Bodhisattvas
4680:Christianity
4675:Baháʼí Faith
4609:
4540:Dharmachakra
4530:Prayer wheel
4520:Prayer beads
4288:Architecture
4167:969 Movement
3951:Saudi Arabia
3929:Central Asia
3922:South Africa
3744:
3727:
3660:Panchen Lama
3565:Buddhapālita
3161:Satipatthana
3156:Mindful Yoga
3069:Recollection
2983:Brahmavihara
2854:Japanese Zen
2849:Chinese Chan
2809:Animal realm
2616:Key concepts
2438:Bodhisattvas
2250:Three Jewels
2118:
2097:
2072:
2046:
2017:
1999:
1981:
1956:
1953:Nattier, Jan
1931:
1906:
1884:
1862:
1837:
1806:
1783:
1758:
1749:
1717:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1683:
1676:Swearer 2006
1671:
1649:Collins 1990
1644:
1618:. Retrieved
1612:
1605:
1593:
1588:, p. 6.
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1447:
1442:, p. 5.
1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1375:Nattier 2003
1370:
1348:Nattier 2003
1343:
1336:Nattier 2003
1331:
1319:
1308:
1299:
1288:
1279:
1271:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1206:
1192:
1178:
1165:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1124:
1116:
1104:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1065:Sarvastivada
1061:Sarvāstivāda
1054:
1042:
1027:
1018:bodhisattvas
1003:
995:
976:
966:
960:
947:Mahāsāṃghika
939:
903:
891:
886:
880:
868:
859:
851:
846:
841:
837:
833:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
800:
737:
720:
715:to refer to
710:
706:
702:
700:
681:
675:
671:
670:
467:
338:Merit making
303:Three Jewels
243:Buddhavacana
173:Impermanence
161:Dharma wheel
5035:Holy Roller
5022:Protestants
4949:Jesus freak
4605:Dharma talk
4434:Asalha Puja
4230:Eschatology
4033:Switzerland
4013:New Zealand
3941:Middle East
3850:Philippines
3770:Afghanistan
3575:Bodhidharma
3560:Buddhaghosa
3480:Householder
3390:Monasticism
3343:Bodhisattva
3198:Prostration
3151:Mindfulness
3079:Anapanasati
3062:Kammaṭṭhāna
2859:Korean Seon
2799:Asura realm
2794:Human realm
2734:Ten Fetters
2689:Parinirvana
2591:Uppalavanna
2556:Mahākaccana
2541:Mahākassapa
2473:Kṣitigarbha
2468:Ākāśagarbha
2365:Suddhodāna
2310:Four sights
2237:Foundations
1820:10125/23030
1477:2008. p. 53
1427:: pp. 41-42
1254:(including
1106:Kathavatthu
1078:Heart Sutra
980:Śrāvakayāna
958:teachings.
883:Jan Nattier
834:Baga Holgon
677:Śrāvakayāna
573:New Zealand
428:Bodhisattva
413:Four Stages
368:Monasticism
348:Mindfulness
318:Perfections
248:Early Texts
5447:Categories
5393:Non-Jewish
5350:Jahiliyyah
5124:Żydokomuna
4954:Nicodemite
4929:Christians
4904:Jahiliyyah
4722:Psychology
4702:Gnosticism
4690:Comparison
4685:Influences
4667:Comparison
4550:Bhavacakra
4508:Kushinagar
4483:Pilgrimage
4429:Māgha Pūjā
4384:Bodhi Tree
4200:Buddhology
4190:Abhidharma
4182:Philosophy
4115:Menander I
3983:Costa Rica
3934:Uzbekistan
3775:Bangladesh
3729:Dhammapada
3713:Pali Canon
3675:Ajahn Chah
3655:Dalai Lama
3555:Kumārajīva
3550:Vasubandhu
3525:The Buddha
3433:Zen master
3368:Sakadagami
3348:Buddhahood
3279:Pratimokṣa
3094:Shikantaza
3050:Meditation
3025:Deity yoga
2896:Madhyamaka
2789:Deva realm
2684:Mindstream
2634:Bodhicitta
2546:Aṅgulimāla
2413:Devadatta
2389:Yaśodharā
2292:The Buddha
2282:Middle Way
1620:2015-06-13
1571:August 21,
1548:Lopez 2005
1237:2009-04-15
1217:2010-06-29
1143:referred.
1059:school of
1057:Vaibhāṣika
1034:Mahāvihara
838:theg chung
826:Kumārajīva
446:Traditions
383:Pilgrimage
323:Meditation
283:Post-canon
263:Pāli Canon
193:Middle Way
90:The Buddha
5290:Bakriyyah
5236:Batiniyya
5228:Isma'ilis
5150:Misnagdim
5138:Reformers
4969:Catholics
4871:Buddhists
4862:Religious
4790:Festivals
4770:Buddhists
4732:Theosophy
4535:Symbolism
4525:Hama yumi
4498:Bodh Gaya
4265:Socialism
4240:Evolution
4215:Economics
4053:Venezuela
3968:Australia
3963:Argentina
3887:Sri Lanka
3882:Singapore
3800:Indonesia
3762:Countries
3703:Tripiṭaka
3665:Ajahn Mun
3540:Nagarjuna
3535:Aśvaghoṣa
3418:Anagārika
3413:Śrāmaṇerī
3408:Śrāmaṇera
3403:Bhikkhunī
3363:Sotāpanna
3252:Passaddhi
3193:Offerings
3168:Nekkhamma
3045:Iddhipada
2965:Practices
2935:Theravada
2908:Vajrayana
2901:Yogachara
2871:Pure Land
2784:Six Paths
2771:Cosmology
2551:Anuruddha
2526:Sāriputta
2516:Kaundinya
2508:Disciples
2483:Vajrapāṇi
2335:Footprint
2300:Tathāgata
2123:Routledge
2077:Routledge
1842:Routledge
1788:Routledge
1752:(6): 9–31
1524:King 1999
1044:Tripiṭaka
955:Saṃmitīya
923:bhikṣuṇīs
864:vajrayana
842:theg dman
801:The word
797:Etymology
729:Sri Lanka
725:Theravada
696:Vajrayana
686:paths of
593:Sri Lanka
583:Singapore
538:Indonesia
478:Vajrayāna
453:Theravāda
408:Awakening
296:Practices
253:Tripiṭaka
223:Cosmology
198:Emptiness
178:Suffering
5002:Romanist
4899:Hinayana
4878:Butprast
4808:Category
4737:Violence
4707:Hinduism
4655:Sanskrit
4610:Hinayana
4595:Amitābha
4555:Swastika
4424:Uposatha
4414:Holidays
4399:Calendar
4245:Humanism
4083:Kanishka
4073:Timeline
3897:Thailand
3865:Kalmykia
3860:Buryatia
3845:Pakistan
3830:Mongolia
3825:Maldives
3820:Malaysia
3785:Cambodia
3650:Shamarpa
3645:Nichiren
3595:Xuanzang
3530:Nagasena
3448:Rinpoche
3178:Pāramitā
3020:Devotion
2940:Navayana
2928:Dzogchen
2891:Nichiren
2839:Mahayana
2831:Branches
2709:Saṅkhāra
2458:Mañjuśrī
2415:(cousin)
2407:(cousin)
2375:(mother)
2367:(father)
2355:Miracles
2305:Birthday
2222:Glossary
2195:Buddhism
2117:(2009),
2096:(2000),
2071:(2004),
2045:(1998),
1980:(1995),
1955:(2003),
1930:(2005),
1861:(2015),
1782:(2006),
1741:(2014),
1414:: pp. 41
1141:Hinayana
1081:and the
1036:and the
1030:Xuanzang
967:Hīnayāna
949:Nikāya,
852:hinayana
803:hīnayāna
740:Sanskrit
721:Hinayana
707:Mahāyāna
703:Hīnayāna
692:Mahāyāna
688:Buddhism
672:Hīnayāna
603:Thailand
563:Mongolia
558:Malaysia
523:Cambodia
488:Navayana
468:Hinayana
463:Mahāyāna
373:Lay life
203:Morality
183:Not-self
141:Concepts
100:Councils
85:Timeline
57:Glossary
39:Buddhism
31:a series
29:Part of
5400:Shegetz
5361:Muslims
5345:Infidel
5333:General
5308:Takfiri
5300:Salafis
5218:Qadiani
5205:Ahmadis
5188:General
5180:Muslims
5166:Marrano
5159:Cryptos
5107:General
5068:Shakers
4937:General
4914:Infidel
4894:Heathen
4887:Muslims
4785:Temples
4765:Buddhas
4727:Science
4717:Judaism
4712:Jainism
4630:Lineage
4590:Abhijñā
4560:Thangka
4503:Sarnath
4488:Lumbini
4409:Funeral
4404:Cuisine
4280:Culture
4255:Reality
4205:Creator
4195:Atomism
4065:History
4038:Ukraine
3998:Germany
3917:Senegal
3907:Vietnam
3835:Myanmar
3635:Shinran
3625:Karmapa
3600:Shandao
3570:Dignāga
3495:Śrāvaka
3475:Donchee
3470:Kappiya
3428:Sayadaw
3398:Bhikkhu
3373:Anāgāmi
3330:Nirvana
3296:Samadhi
3183:Paritta
3124:Tonglen
3119:Mandala
3074:Smarana
3055:Mantras
3003:Upekkha
2973:Bhavana
2923:Shingon
2876:Tiantai
2729:Tathātā
2719:Śūnyatā
2714:Skandha
2704:Saṃsāra
2699:Rebirth
2674:Kleshas
2664:Indriya
2566:Subhūti
2451:Guanyin
2405:Ānanda
2397:Rāhula
2277:Nirvana
2217:Outline
1732:Sources
1264:Vietnam
1096:śūnyatā
1069:dharmas
919:bhikṣus
877:Origins
613:Vietnam
568:Myanmar
483:Tibetan
473:Chinese
401:Nirvāṇa
218:Saṃsāra
213:Rebirth
78:History
67:Outline
5405:Shiksa
5384:Dhimmi
5379:Zindīq
5374:Giaour
5313:Wahabi
5282:Sunnis
5272:Rafida
5213:Mirzai
5195:Mullah
5091:Malaun
5083:Hindus
5062:Quaker
5049:Mormon
5030:Fundie
4997:Papist
4987:Fenian
4944:Giaour
4882:Dhimmi
4780:Sutras
4775:Suttas
4640:Siddhi
4625:Koliya
4600:Brahmā
4515:Poetry
4461:Mantra
4451:Kasaya
4323:Pagoda
4303:Kyaung
4298:Vihāra
4293:Temple
4235:Ethics
4078:Ashoka
4028:Sweden
4023:Poland
4018:Norway
4008:Mexico
3993:France
3978:Canada
3973:Brazil
3912:Africa
3892:Taiwan
3855:Russia
3780:Bhutan
3740:Vinaya
3620:Naropa
3610:Saraha
3545:Asanga
3301:Prajñā
3210:Refuge
3173:Nianfo
3134:Tertön
3129:Tantra
3114:Ganana
3104:Tukdam
3030:Dhyāna
2998:Mudita
2993:Karuṇā
2886:Risshū
2881:Huayan
2814:Naraka
2754:Anattā
2749:Dukkha
2744:Anicca
2649:Dharma
2601:Channa
2536:Ānanda
2521:Assaji
2488:Skanda
2391:(wife)
2360:Family
2340:Relics
2265:Sangha
2260:Dharma
2255:Buddha
2129:
2104:
2083:
2057:
2028:
2006:
1988:
1967:
1942:
1917:
1895:
1873:
1848:
1826:
1794:
1769:
1266:, and
1006:Vinaya
998:Yijing
942:Yijing
915:vinaya
856:Asanga
786:हीनयान
598:Taiwan
578:Russia
518:Brazil
513:Bhutan
433:Buddha
353:Wisdom
136:Dharma
5369:Kafir
5340:Pagan
5264:Shias
5246:Sufis
5044:Other
4982:Dogan
4959:Kafir
4919:Pagan
4909:Kafir
4885:(non-
4864:slurs
4752:Lists
4620:Kalpa
4615:Iddhi
4478:Music
4473:Mudra
4439:Vassa
4419:Vesak
4389:Budai
4335:Candi
4318:Stupa
4250:Logic
4003:Italy
3902:Tibet
3840:Nepal
3810:Korea
3805:Japan
3795:India
3790:China
3735:Sutra
3690:Texts
3640:Dōgen
3630:Hōnen
3615:Atiśa
3580:Zhiyi
3490:Achar
3458:Tulku
3453:Geshe
3438:Rōshi
3423:Ajahn
3378:Arhat
3338:Bodhi
3308:Vīrya
3225:Sacca
3220:Satya
3215:Sādhu
3203:Music
3146:Merit
3139:Terma
3099:Zazen
3035:Faith
2988:Mettā
2669:Karma
2629:Bardo
2596:Asita
2586:Khema
2576:Upāli
2561:Nanda
2399:(son)
2373:Māyā
2350:Films
2227:Index
1746:(PDF)
1268:Japan
1260:Korea
1256:Tibet
1252:China
1157:Notes
608:Tibet
548:Korea
543:Japan
533:India
528:China
493:Newar
418:Arhat
208:Karma
62:Index
5427:Gabr
5359:Non-
5119:Zhyd
5114:Kike
5100:Jews
5007:Taig
4650:Pāḷi
4635:Māra
4545:Flag
3946:Iran
3870:Tuva
3815:Laos
3443:Lama
3291:Śīla
3259:Śīla
3247:Pīti
3237:Sati
3188:Puja
3109:Koan
3015:Dāna
2606:Yasa
2493:Tārā
2127:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2055:ISBN
2026:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1573:2019
1171:Yana
921:and
819:hīna
811:yāna
807:hīna
731:and
680:and
553:Laos
458:Pāli
5129:Yid
4372:Art
4308:Wat
2844:Zen
1816:hdl
1258:),
1173:)."
1132:of
1047:."
858:'s
738:In
5449::
3874:ru
2125:,
2121:,
2100:,
2079:,
2075:,
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