Ethnic cleansing - Knowledge

2715:. Democracy, therefore, is tied to ethnic and national forms of exclusion. Nevertheless, it is not democratic states that are more prone to commit ethnic cleansing, because minorities tend to have constitutional guarantees. Neither are stable authoritarian regimes (except the nazi and communist regimes) which are likely perpetrators of murderous ethnic cleansing, but those regimes that are in process of democratization. Ethnic hostility appears where ethnicity overshadows social classes as the primordial system of social stratification. Usually, in deeply divided societies, categories such as class and ethnicity are deeply intertwined, and when an ethnic group is seen as oppressor or exploitative of the other, serious ethnic conflict can develop. Michael Mann holds that when two ethnic groups claim sovereignty over the same territory and can feel threatened, their differences can lead to severe grievances and danger of ethnic cleansing. The perpetration of murderous ethnic cleansing tends to occur in unstable geopolitical environments and in contexts of war. As ethnic cleansing requires high levels of organisation and is usually directed by states or other authoritative powers, perpetrators are usually state powers or institutions with some coherence and capacity, not failed states as it is generally perceived. The perpetrator powers tend to get support by core constituencies that favour combinations of 3296:

upon which minority life depends; the imprisonment of male members of the ethnic group; threats to rape female members, and threats to kill. If ineffective, these indirect methods are often escalated to coerced emigration, where the removal of the ethnic group from the territory is pressured by physical force. This typically includes physical harassment and the expropriation of property. Deportation is an escalated form of direct coercion in that the forcible removal of 'undesirables' from the state's territory is organised, directed and carried out by state agents. The most serious of the direct methods, excluding genocide, is murderous cleansing, which entails the brutal and often public murder of some few in order to compel flight of the remaining group members.13 Unlike during genocide, when murder is intended to be total and an end in itself, murderous cleansing is used as a tool towards the larger aim of expelling survivors from the territory. The process can be made complete by revoking the citizenship of those who emigrate or flee.

4978:) is the objective. The intention of ethnic cleansing is to remove a people and often all traces of them from a concrete territory. The goal, in other words, is to get rid of the "alien" nationality, ethnic, or religious group and to seize control of the territory it had formerly inhabited. At one extreme of its spectrum, ethnic cleansing is closer to forced deportation or what has been called "population transfer"; the idea is to get people to move, and the means are meant to be legal and semi-legal. At the other extreme, however, ethnic cleansing and genocide are distinguishable only by the ultimate intent. Here, both literally and figuratively, ethnic cleansing bleeds into genocide, as mass murder is committed in order to rid the land of a people. 2810: 2365: 2892: 3369:

first issue in terms of returning home is usually the restoration of property, specifically the return or rebuilding of homes. People want their property restored, often before they return. But home means more than property, it also refers to the nature of the community. Anthropological literature emphasizes that time and the experience of violence changes people's sense of home and desire to return, and the nature of their communities of origin. To sum up, previous research has identified factors that influence decisions to return: time, trauma, family characteristics and economic opportunities.

2829: 2428: 2853: 3216:"How could ‘forced deportation’ ever be achieved without extreme coercion, indeed violence? How, indeed, could deportation not be forced? How could people not resist? How could it not involve the destruction of a community, of the way of life that a group has enjoyed over a period of time? How could those who deported a group not intend this destruction? In what significant way is the forcible removal of a population from their homeland different from the destruction’ of a group? If the boundary between ‘cleansing’ and genocide is unreal, why police it?" 2740: 3061: 2872: 2129: 2035: 12753: 10795: 9975: 10815: 2588: 2608: 49: 12763: 10805: 10004: 4324:

religious group from certain geographic areas. To a large extent, it is carried out in the name of misguided nationalism, historic grievances and a powerful driving sense of revenge. This purpose appears to be the occupation of territory to the exclusion of the purged group or groups. This policy and the practices of warring factions are described separately in the following paragraphs.

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ethnic, national or racial group. It contains both a physical element (acts such as murder) and a mental element (those acts are undertaken to destroy, in whole or in part, the said group). Ethnic cleansing involves population expulsions, sometimes accompanied by murder, but its aim is consolidation of power over territory, not the destruction of a complete people.

3590:'Ethnic cleansing' is probably better described as a popular or journalistic expression, with no recognized legal meaning in a technical sense... 'ethnic cleansing' is equivalent to deportation,' a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions as well as a crime against humanity, and therefore a crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. 2494:, "ethnic cleansing ... defies easy definition. At one end it is virtually indistinguishable from forced emigration and population exchange while at the other it merges with deportation and genocide. At the most general level, however, ethnic cleansing can be understood as the expulsion of a population from a given territory." 3624:

and those who remained behind, would not exceed 5 to 10 percent of the population of the places in which they were found. Such a result could be achieved only through annihilation... According to official Ottoman statistics, it was necessary to reduce the prewar population of 1.3 million Armenians to approximately 200,000.

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When murder itself becomes the primary goal, it is typically called genocide... Ethnic cleansing is probably best understood as occupying the central part of a continuum between genocide on one end and nonviolent pressured ethnic emigration on the other end. Given this continuum, there will always be

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Upon examination of reported information, specific studies and investigations, the Commission confirms its earlier view that 'ethnic cleansing' is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or

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The concept seems to have been borrowed from the Slavic expression etnicheskoye chishcheniye, first used by Soviet authorities in the 1980s to describe Azeri attempts to expel Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh area, and then immediately reappropriated by Serb nationalists to describe their policies

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The thesis being proposed here is that the Armenian Genocide was not implemented solely as demographic engineering, but also as destruction and annihilation, and that the 5 to 10 percent principle was decisive in achieving this goal. Care was taken so that the number of Armenians deported to Syria,

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The danger of overstretching the term can be avoided...The goal of ethnic cleansing is to permanently remove a group from the area it inhabits...There is a popular dimension to ethnic cleansing because there are people needed to threaten with violence, to evict homes, organize mass transports, and to

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Importantly, the objectives remained the same: to create an ethnically pure Serb State by uniting Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and extending that State from the FRY to the Croatian Krajina along the important logistics and supply line that went through opstina Prijedor, thereby necessitating the

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Explaining the relationship between ethnic cleansing and genocide has caused controversy. Ethnic cleansing shares with genocide the goal of achieving purity but the two can differ in their ultimate aims: ethnic cleansing seeks the forced removal of an undesired group or groups where genocide pursues

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Violent conflict changes communities. "Returnees painfully discover that in their period of absence the homeland communities and their identities have undergone transformation, and these ruptures and changes have serious implications for their ability to reclaim a sense of home upon homecoming." The

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through the forced resettlement of ethnic Germans to Germany in its reduced borders after 1945, the forced population movements, constituting a type of ethnic cleansing, may contribute to long-term stability of a post-conflict nation. Some justifications may be made as to why the targeted group will

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Significantly, the Trial Chamber held that a reasonable Trial Chamber, could make a finding beyond any reasonable doubt that all of these acts were committed to carry out a plan aimed at changing the ethnic balance of the areas that formed Herceg-Bosna and mainly to deport the Muslim population and

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270 (1997): 8–13: "These operations were part of a policy designated `Operation Ring, comprising the proposed ethnic cleansing (a word used in relation to Azerbaijan's policy before it became familiar to the world in the context of the former Yugoslavia) of all Armenians from their ancient homeland

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in the 1990s. Since then, the term has gained widespread acceptance due to journalism. Although research originally focused on deep-rooted animosities as an explanation for ethnic cleansing events, more recent studies depict ethnic cleansing as "a natural extension of the homogenizing tendencies of

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These methods are a part of a wider continuum ranging from genocide at one extreme to emigration under pressure at the other... It is important - politically and legally - to distinguish between genocide and ethnic cleansing. The goal of the former is extermination: the complete annihilation of an

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The crime of genocide is aimed at the intentional destruction of an ethnic group. 'Ethnic cleansing' would seem to be targeted at something different, the expulsion of a group with a view to encouraging or at least tolerating its survival elsewhere. Yet ethnic cleansing may well have the effect of

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Methods of indirect coercion can include: introducing repressive laws and discriminatory measures designed to make minority life difficult; the deliberate failure to prevent mob violence against ethnic minorities; using surrogates to inflict violence; the destruction of the physical infrastructure

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Some academics consider genocide to be a subset of "murderous ethnic cleansing". Norman Naimark writes that these concepts are different but related, for "literally and figuratively, ethnic cleansing bleeds into genocide, as mass murder is committed in order to rid the land of a people." William

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A new term was needed because ethnic cleansing and genocide two different activities, and the differences between them are important. As in the case of determining first-degree murder, intentionality is a critical distinction. Genocide is the intentional killing off of part or all of an ethnic,

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The Commission considered techniques of ethnic cleansing to include murder, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, extrajudicial executions, sexual assault, confinement of civilian populations in ghetto areas, forcible removal, displacement and deportation of civilian populations, deliberate

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and sexual assaults, confinement of civilian population in ghetto areas, forcible removal, displacement and deportation of civilian population, deliberate military attacks or threats of attacks on civilians and civilian areas, and wanton destruction of property. Those practices constitute

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In the Motion, the Prosecution submits that both the existence and implementation of the plan to create an ethnically pure Bosnian Serb state by Bosnian Serb political and military leaders are facts of common knowledge and have been held to be historical and accurate in a wide range of

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by American settlers as a historical example of genocide. Others, like historian Gary Anderson, contend that genocide does not accurately characterize any aspect of American history, suggesting instead that ethnic cleansing is a more appropriate term. Circassian genocide, also known as

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of the unwanted ethnic group as well as the destruction of the places of worship, cemeteries and cultural and historical buildings of that ethnic group in order to alter the population composition of an area in the favour of another ethnic group which would become the majority.

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a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas", " 'ethnic cleansing' has been carried out by means of murder, torture,

2394:, he concluded: "I do not know when the Romanians will have such chance for ethnic cleansing." In the 1980s, the Soviets used the term "etnicheskoye chishcheniye" which literally translates to "ethnic cleansing" to describe Azerbaijani efforts to drive Armenians away from 3496:, p. 75: way. Despite its euphemistic character and its origin in the language of the perpetrators, 'ethnic cleansing' is now the widely accepted scholarly term used to describe the systematic and violent removal of undesired ethnic groups from a given territory. 3607: 5424: 2500:

has defined ethnic cleansing as "the forcible removal of an ethnically defined population from a given territory" and as "occupying the central part of a continuum between genocide on one end and nonviolent pressured ethnic emigration on the other end."

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during 1860s, dehumanised Muslim Circassians as "a pestilence" to be expelled from their native lands. Russian objective was the annexation of land; and the Russian military operations that forcibly deported Circassians were designated by Yevdakimov as

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in Europe (19th and 20th centuries). Multi-ethnic European engaged in ethnic cleansing against minorities in order to pre-empt their secession and the loss of territory. Ethnic cleansing was particularly prevalent during periods of interstate war.

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occurs when two groups commit ethnic cleansing against minority members of the other group within their own territories. For instance in the 1920s, Turkey expelled its Greek minority and Greece expelled its Turkish minority following the

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Most frequently, however, the aim of ethnic cleansing is to expel the despised ethnic group through either indirect coercion or direct force, and to ensure that return is impossible. Terror is the fundamental method used to achieve this

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by coercing the victim group to flee and preventing its return, such as murder, rape, and property destruction. Both the definition and charge of ethnic cleansing is often disputed, with some researchers including and others excluding

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Schabas states "ethnic cleansing is also a warning sign of genocide to come. Genocide is the last resort of the frustrated ethnic cleanser." Multiple genocide scholars have criticized distinguishing between ethnic cleansing and

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Hitler wanted the Jews utterly exterminated, not simply driven from particular places. Ethnic cleansing, on the other hand, involves removals rather than extermination and is not exceptional but rather common in particular

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of Maronite Christians in order to deny them of resisting the advance of the PSP. As a result, 163,670 Christian villagers were displaced due to these operations. In response to these massacres, the

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According to numerous ICTY verdicts and indictments, Serb and Croat forces performed ethnic cleansing of their territories planned by their political leadership to create ethnically pure states (

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to describe military actions in which non-Croats were purposely systematically killed or otherwise uprooted from their homes. The term was also used in the December 20, 1941 directive of Serbian

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Weine, Stevan M.; Becker, Daniel F.; Vojvoda, Dolores; Hodzic, Emir (1998). "Individual change after genocide in Bosnian survivors of "ethnic cleansing": Assessing personality dysfunction".

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There is no international treaty that specifies a specific crime of ethnic cleansing; however, ethnic cleansing in the broad sense—the forcible deportation of a population—is defined as a

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rendering the continued existence of a group impossible, thereby effecting its destruction. In other words, forcible deportation may achieve the same result as extermination camps.

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to remove from a given area persons of another ethnic or religious group." As a category, ethnic cleansing encompasses a continuum or spectrum of policies. In the words of

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the group's 'destruction'. Ethnic cleansing and genocide therefore fall along a spectrum of violence against groups with genocide lying on the far end of the spectrum.

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from Spain between 1609 and 1614 is considered by some authors to be one of the first episodes of state-sponsored ethnic cleansing in the modern western world.

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Ther, Philipp (2004). "The Spell of the Homogeneous Nation State: Structural Factors and Agents of Ethnic Cleansing". In Munz, Rainer; Ohliger, Rainer (eds.).

2491: 526: 8794: 7599: 7333: 2296: 10586: 8762: 4507: 11513: 6955: 2551: 737: 7631: 4639:, Mann, Michael (2005), The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 1 "The Argument," pp. 1–33. 2707:(2004), murderous ethnic cleansing is strongly related to the creation of democracies. He argues that murderous ethnic cleansing is due to the rise of 8338: 2954:

broke out, where ethnic cleansings (mostly in the form of tit-for-tat killings) occurred. During that time, the Syrian backed, mostly Druze dominated

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Amira, Saad (2021). "The slow violence of Israeli settler-colonialism and the political ecology of ethnic cleansing in the West Bank".

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be moved in the conflict resolution stages, as in the case of the ethnic Germans, some individuals of the large German population in

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Ethnic cleansing was a common phenomenon in the wars in Croatia, Kosovo, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This entailed intimidation,

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arguing that forced deportation necessarily results in the destruction of a group and this must be foreseen by the perpetrators.

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prevent the return of the unwanted...The main goal of ethnic cleansing was the removal of a group from a certain territory

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The official United Nations definition of ethnic cleansing is "rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using force or

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other non-Croat population out of Herceg-Bosna to create an ethnically pure Croatian territory within Herceg-Bosna.

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Douglas Singleterry (April 2010), "Ethnic Cleansing and Genocidal Intent: A Failure of Judicial Interpretation?",

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Garrity, Meghan M (September 27, 2023). "'Ethnic Cleansing': An Analysis of Conceptual and Empirical Ambiguity".

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in the 9th and 7th centuries BC is considered by some scholars to be one of the first cases of ethnic cleansing.

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Ethnopolitical Temptations Reach Southeastern Europe: Wartime Policy Papers of Vasa Čubrilović and Sabin Manuilă

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Lieberman, Benjamin (2010). "'Ethnic cleansing' versus genocide?". In Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (eds.).

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Nationalism and Human Rights: In Theory and Practice in the Middle East, Central Europe, and the Asia-Pacific

4132: 2896: 2644: 2342: 1921: 1629: 321: 8659: 8526: 5644: 3033:, during an ethnic cleansing process, there may be destruction of physical symbols of the victims including 12812: 11948: 11896: 10874: 10844: 10768: 10630: 10620: 10613: 10417: 10008: 9733: 9713: 9459: 8380: 8352: 7543: 7439: 5419:[While the eyes are on the south and Gaza, the ethnic cleansing in the West Bank is accelerating]. 5283: 3696: 3333:

military attacks or threats of attacks on civilians and civilian areas, and wanton destruction of property.

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The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire

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was repeated on an even larger scale in 1939–1941, involving many other groups suspected of disloyalty.

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Shaw, Martin (2015b), What is Genocide, Polity Press, ISBN 978-0-7456-8706-3 ‘Cleansing’ and genocide.

2160:; lit. "enslavement"), which was used in ancient texts. e.g., to describe atrocities that accompanied 12837: 12807: 12787: 12042: 11856: 11758: 11643: 11317: 11285: 10945: 10879: 10718: 10562: 9546: 9541: 9313: 9256: 9242: 9215: 9147: 9023: 8858: 8550: 8518: 8400: 8283: 6387: 6101: 4515: 4000: 3446: 2963: 2821: 2798: 2173: 1272: 1088: 982: 867: 533: 501: 145: 71: 4405:"The Interaction of National and International Approaches in the Repression of International Crimes" 2996:

Survivors of the ethnic cleansing were left severely traumatized as a consequence of this campaign.

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Booth Walling, Carrie (2012). "The History and Politics of Ethnic Cleansing". In Booth, Ken (ed.).

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Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State Volume II: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide

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Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State Volume II: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide

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Ethnic cleansing has been described as part of a continuum of violence whose most extreme form is

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aimed to reduce the number of Armenians to below 5–10% of the population in any part of the

12817: 12523: 12057: 11931: 11648: 11613: 11563: 11538: 11359: 11322: 11053: 10915: 10703: 10569: 10213: 10150: 10120: 10105: 10090: 9979: 9928: 9923: 9614: 9333: 9251: 9225: 9210: 9174: 9075: 9043: 9001: 8984: 8851: 8826: 8725: 8308: 8101: 8080: 7447: 7301: 7147: 7106: 6884: 6834: 6758: 6666: 6491: 6374: 6126: 6096: 6091: 5929: 5924: 5917: 3905:"The Two Carnegie Reports: From the Balkan Expedition of 1913 to the Albanian Trip of 1921" 3136: 2943: 1775: 1287: 1161: 872: 837: 787: 762: 575: 538: 261: 115: 4193: 2852: 2629: 2056:, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically 8: 12802: 12699: 12560: 12195: 12097: 12077: 11866: 11774: 11733: 11713: 11683: 11583: 11378: 11193: 10723: 10478: 10357: 10110: 9898: 9823: 9801: 9796: 9743: 9408: 9191: 9179: 9117: 8964: 8928: 8643: 8345: 8212: 8161: 7867: 7763: 7734: 7694: 7678: 7325: 7277: 7243: 7235: 7204: 6979: 6798: 6701: 6696: 6583: 6501: 6121: 5912: 5225: 5154: 4194:"The Meaning of Concepts: Some Reflections on the Difficulties in Analysing State Crimes" 3126: 3111: 2900: 2857: 2786: 2782: 2479: 2435: 2202: 2161: 2117: 2065: 1951: 1812: 1431: 1327: 1307: 1098: 1006: 957: 937: 907: 807: 594: 401: 9609: 7479: 5309: 12472: 12467: 12457: 12405: 12395: 12370: 12312: 12270: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12082: 11390: 10753: 10733: 10392: 10323: 10291: 10258: 10248: 10130: 9686: 9669: 9664: 9639: 9624: 9556: 9536: 9526: 9496: 9127: 9097: 9085: 9048: 9018: 9006: 8989: 8969: 8168: 8154: 7915: 7771: 7623: 7309: 7196: 7186: 6938: 6681: 6641: 6636: 6541: 6481: 6426: 6111: 6006: 5959: 5934: 5902: 5855: 5639: 5606: 5560: 5507: 5374: 5021: 5013: 4936: 4872: 4864: 3765: 3713: 3523: 3283: 3176: 3171: 3141: 3116: 2999: 2923: 2876: 2727: 2238: 2198: 1716: 1711: 1701: 1649: 1639: 1614: 1548: 1506: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1312: 606: 3506:

Bulutgil, H. Zeynep (2018). "The state of the field and debates on ethnic cleansing".

12832: 12731: 12642: 12570: 12555: 12354: 12297: 12102: 12010: 11901: 11821: 11668: 10970: 10412: 10377: 10367: 10328: 10268: 10218: 10140: 10125: 10095: 9893: 9774: 9393: 9353: 9338: 9328: 9297: 9196: 9152: 9142: 9122: 9033: 9011: 8996: 8974: 8948: 8923: 8918: 8470: 8133: 8059: 7980: 7575: 7455: 7413: 7285: 7269: 7074: 6947: 6889: 6763: 6676: 6661: 6646: 6606: 6601: 6591: 6526: 6411: 6401: 6131: 5828: 5806: 5787: 5768: 5749: 5699: 5680: 5661: 5598: 5564: 5461: 5378: 5187: 5158: 5127: 5052: 5025: 5005: 4962: 4940: 4856: 4817: 4777: 4714: 4681: 4604: 4579: 4535: 4213: 4085: 4058: 4021: 3955: 3871: 3844: 3816: 3788: 3769: 3757: 3670: 3643: 3612: 3546: 3527: 3287: 3121: 3081: 2744: 2739: 2380:

In its complete form, the term appeared for the first time in the Romanian language (

2133: 2074: 1983: 1894: 1822: 1807: 1590: 1533: 1332: 1240: 1131: 1053: 892: 170: 8446: 7471: 7034: 5610: 5207: 4876: 4562:

Cornell, Svante E. (September 1998). "Religion as a factor in Caucasian conflicts".

4491: 3867:

Diasporas and Ethnic Migrants: Germany, Israel and Russia in Comparative Perspective

3717: 2883:", designated Russian military operations targeting Circassian natives by the term “ 2575:

and the population transfers by the Soviets of Germans, Poles, and Ukrainians after

2245:

contained various new terms to describe brutalities committed toward ethnic groups.

12694: 12679: 12607: 12528: 12498: 12329: 12165: 11444: 11439: 11290: 11188: 10506: 10483: 10466: 10456: 10434: 10397: 10387: 10372: 10362: 10281: 10276: 10253: 10243: 9944: 9828: 9759: 9418: 9398: 9323: 9276: 9271: 9132: 8893: 8590: 8478: 8276: 8232: 7876: 7859: 7559: 7551: 7535: 7261: 7163: 7155: 6728: 6611: 6170: 6153: 6143: 6039: 5732: 5590: 5552: 5499: 5366: 4997: 4928: 4901: 4848: 4706: 4671: 4663: 4571: 4445: 4419: 4205: 3916: 3749: 3705: 3579: 3515: 3405: 3321: 3275: 3181: 3003: 2970: 2931: 2395: 2213:

In the early 1900s, regional variants of the term could be found among the Czechs (

2194: 2165: 2069: 1946: 1931: 1859: 1780: 1750: 1565: 1401: 668: 663: 506: 396: 5370: 3519: 12827: 12709: 12617: 12513: 12462: 12322: 12307: 12287: 12252: 11965: 11876: 11811: 11618: 11568: 11354: 11213: 10798: 10763: 10655: 10488: 10407: 10382: 10350: 10340: 10308: 10303: 10198: 10155: 10145: 10135: 10100: 10080: 10065: 9933: 9705: 9594: 9383: 9112: 9107: 9070: 9038: 8943: 8888: 8786: 8502: 8438: 8414: 8223: 7956: 7923: 7843: 7527: 7495: 6922: 6768: 6714: 6686: 6626: 6561: 6516: 6451: 6185: 6180: 6158: 6086: 5736: 5455: 4771: 4636: 4598: 4529: 4511: 4465: 4452: 4370: 4344: 4127: 4079: 4015: 3949: 3865: 3637: 3359: 3096: 3091: 3066: 2919: 2785:. While ethnic cleansing and genocide may share the same goal and methods (e.g., 2504: 2410: 2387: 2282: 2102: 1961: 1869: 1765: 1706: 1558: 1543: 1523: 1488: 1195: 1106: 1043: 842: 792: 570: 421: 5694:

Dahbour, Omar (2012). "National Rights, Minority Rights, and Ethnic Cleansing".

4458:

Updated Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

3247:. United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect 2837: 12704: 12662: 12632: 12622: 12540: 12533: 12518: 12508: 12344: 12280: 12222: 12217: 12202: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11861: 11796: 11332: 11305: 11158: 10860: 10775: 10429: 10298: 9985: 9903: 9878: 9873: 9786: 9440: 9413: 9348: 9343: 8938: 8566: 8175: 8140: 7827: 7819: 7795: 7380: 7227: 7219: 6793: 6783: 6753: 6691: 6671: 6616: 6205: 6175: 6034: 6001: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5093: 4956: 4952: 4736:"Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides" 4676: 4456: 4258: 3991:['General Plan East' for the enslavement of Eastern European peoples]. 3030: 3015: 2765: 2748: 2508: 2288: 2190: 2177: 2141: 1956: 1914: 1884: 1874: 1792: 1785: 1770: 1760: 1580: 1516: 1458: 1453: 1438: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1093: 1028: 548: 521: 366: 40: 5594: 5556: 5543:

Thum, Gregor (2010). "Review: Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern Europe after 1945".

5186:. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University Press. pp. 97, 132. 4932: 4919:

Walling, Carrie Booth (2000). "The history and politics of ethnic cleansing".

4868: 4836: 4733: 4702:

The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities

4667: 4575: 4429: 4120: 3921: 3709: 3364:

Peace, preference, and property : return migration after violent conflict

3279: 3266:

Walling, Carrie Booth (2000). "The history and politics of ethnic cleansing".

2871: 2128: 12781: 12716: 12339: 12275: 12260: 12122: 12087: 12067: 11938: 11881: 11816: 11235: 11138: 10591: 10238: 10203: 10115: 10075: 9968: 9888: 9764: 9649: 9506: 9220: 8933: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8598: 8462: 8454: 8422: 7988: 7583: 6773: 6738: 6531: 6471: 6446: 6441: 6210: 6165: 6059: 5986: 5966: 5823:(2014). "The Dark Side of Nation-States: Ethnic Cleansing in Modern Europe". 5009: 4860: 4710: 4685: 4600:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999

4583: 4424: 4349: 4217: 4209: 3843:. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University Press. pp. 96, 97. 3761: 3691: 3409: 3101: 2990: 2947: 2844:, Bosnia and Herzegovina that were forced out of their homes and villages by 2595: 2098: 2093: 1968: 1575: 1511: 1496: 1352: 1317: 1297: 1168: 1111: 1048: 443: 346: 4974:

religious, or national group; the murder of a people or peoples (in German,

4906: 4889: 3584: 3567: 3326: 3309: 2895:

Portrait of Circassian refugees evicting their towns and villages after the

2080:

Although scholars do not agree on which events constitute ethnic cleansing,

12550: 12437: 12265: 12232: 12212: 12142: 12132: 12112: 12092: 11728: 11628: 11364: 11339: 11203: 11143: 11108: 11073: 11068: 10758: 10603: 9403: 9318: 8913: 8574: 8108: 8018: 6808: 6748: 6631: 6573: 6566: 6521: 6461: 6392: 6200: 6190: 6138: 6076: 6064: 6054: 6044: 6029: 5981: 5897: 5820: 5168: 4180:

The media of conflict: War reporting and representations of ethnic violence

3737: 3186: 2951: 2817: 2712: 2576: 2487: 2338: 2268: 2264: 2089: 2077:

or mass killings as a means of depopulating an area of a particular group.

1802: 1681: 1501: 1468: 1448: 1372: 1362: 1342: 1322: 952: 852: 580: 555: 411: 351: 316: 281: 276: 7121: 5744:

Jenne, Erin K. (2016). "The causes and consequences of ethnic cleansing".

5602: 3753: 2625: 12452: 12412: 12380: 12247: 12207: 12047: 11960: 11911: 11886: 11786: 11486: 11225: 11208: 11163: 11078: 10683: 10650: 10228: 10208: 9644: 9373: 8874: 8486: 8198: 8191: 7803: 6930: 6743: 6551: 6536: 6511: 6436: 6106: 6081: 6071: 6049: 5976: 5713: 5119: 3808: 3602: 3191: 2778: 2716: 2708: 2399: 2242: 2061: 2057: 1696: 1656: 1624: 1483: 1443: 1277: 1190: 1141: 1116: 1018: 710: 433: 416: 371: 286: 9482:

Segregation in countries by type (in some countries, categories overlap)

5524: 5511: 4986:"Schindler's Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers" 4338:"Schindler's Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers" 3787:. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University Press. p. 66. 2555:

argues that similar ethnic cleansing could go unpunished in the future.

12726: 12721: 12602: 12597: 12493: 12477: 12334: 12227: 12185: 12147: 11955: 11943: 11916: 11906: 11826: 11252: 11247: 11218: 11153: 10992: 10579: 10233: 10223: 10160: 9954: 9811: 9806: 9791: 9435: 8494: 8073: 8034: 7615: 7511: 7090: 6818: 6813: 6788: 6723: 6656: 6546: 5991: 5338: 5017: 4985: 4337: 3904: 3196: 2966:

conducted a similar policy, which resulted in 20,000 Druze displaced.

2756: 2292: 2169: 1978: 1973: 1854: 1849: 1745: 1721: 1570: 1463: 1421: 1377: 1185: 1173: 1146: 1136: 1058: 460: 455: 426: 361: 192: 7811: 3009:

When enforced as part of a political settlement, as happened with the

2452:

The Final Report of the Commission of Experts established pursuant to

2034: 12627: 12575: 12292: 11891: 11018: 10743: 10678: 10183: 9846: 9779: 9634: 9230: 9137: 8052: 8041: 7519: 7178: 6778: 6651: 6556: 6148: 6021: 5878: 5503: 3151: 3106: 2880: 2759:

were subject to a campaign including massacres and deportations. The

2475: 2274: 2260: 2186: 1879: 1827: 1528: 1121: 226: 5718:"Ethnic cleansing and the formation of settler colonial geographies" 5001: 4734:

International Association of Genocide Scholars (December 16, 2007).

3605:(2011). "Demographic Policy and the Annihilation of the Armenians". 2607: 2571:. Other examples where mutual ethnic cleansing occurred include the 2543:, where ethnic cleansing has taken place without legal redress (see 2306: 12592: 12422: 12349: 12000: 11926: 11831: 11791: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11028: 10713: 9939: 9378: 9201: 8819:

Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al

8115: 8094: 8066: 8011: 6876: 6466: 6431: 4852: 3694:(2005). "Raphael Lemkin as historian of genocide in the Americas". 3060: 3023: 2833: 2794: 2774: 2763:(IAGS) recognizes it as genocide and refers to the campaign as the 2587: 2536: 2478:. Furthermore, such acts could also fall within the meaning of the 2466: 2318: 2310: 1844: 1666: 1585: 1230: 1156: 1063: 1023: 391: 386: 381: 306: 301: 296: 236: 4505:

Timothy V. Waters, "On the Legal Construction of Ethnic Cleansing"

3002:

have engaged in a systemic displacement of Palestinian herders in

11103: 10997: 10977: 10950: 10925: 10829: 10673: 9913: 9883: 9237: 9157: 6486: 6416: 4084:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 22–23. 2958:

used a policy they called "territorial cleansing" to "drain" the

2915: 2841: 2720: 311: 197: 177: 150: 125: 48: 5803:

Serious International Crimes, Human Rights, and Forced Migration

5392:

Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique (October 21, 2023).

5254: 4890:"'Ethnic Cleansing' and Genocide: Similarities and Distinctions" 3568:"'Ethnic Cleansing' and Genocide: Similarities and Distinctions" 3310:"'Ethnic Cleansing' and Genocide: Similarities and Distinctions" 2804: 2291:

in central and eastern Europe for the purpose of providing more

2271:

pursued a policy of ensuring that Europe was "cleaned of Jews" (

12052: 11083: 10982: 10960: 10955: 10905: 10051: 9908: 9184: 8182: 5971: 5279: 4654:

Müller-Crepon, Carl; Schvitz, Guy; Cederman, Lars-Erik (2024).

4480:"The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia" 3146: 3034: 3019: 2974: 2939: 2752: 2322: 2053: 2049: 1282: 291: 182: 160: 155: 105: 8843: 5765:

Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe

4531:

When God Comes to Town: Religious Traditions in Urban Contexts

4198:

HARM – Journal of Hostility, Aggression, Repression and Malice

2248: 12062: 10910: 10688: 7747: 7405: 6506: 6011: 5457:

Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe

4309:. United Nations Security Council. May 27, 1994. p. 33. 2959: 2845: 2369: 2155: 2149: 1292: 110: 5847: 4653: 4291:. United Nations Security Council. May 27, 1994. p. 33. 2950:

civilians. After the Israeli withdrawal from the Chouf, the

2398:. It was widely popularized by the Western media during the 2390:

to cabinet members in July 1941. After the beginning of the

2112:, but the methods by which it is carried out are considered 12674: 12503: 6845: 5892: 5391: 4776:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–201. 3480: 2861: 2144:, which resulted in the elimination of a million Armenians. 1926: 1755: 4882:

ambiguity as to when ethnic cleansing shades into genocide

3989:"'Generalplan Ost' zur Versklavung osteuropäischer Völker" 2598:

of Volhynia had either been murdered or had fled the area.

10020: 8684:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

5801:

Rikhof, Joseph (2022). "Ethnic cleansing and exclusion".

5417:"בעוד העיניים נשואות לדרום ולעזה, הטיהור האתני בגדה מואץ" 5126:. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010. pp. 299–300. 3815:. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010. pp. 298–302. 2529:

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

2241:

report condemning the actions of all participants in the

16:

Systematic removal of a certain ethnic or religious group

5578: 5344: 4236:"Nagorno Karabakh: Forgotten People in a Forgotten War." 2084:

throughout history. The term was first used to describe

5272: 5048:

The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing

3834: 3832: 3541:

Jones, Adam (2012). "'Ethnic cleansing' and genocide".

3374: 3954:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 197. 8795:

International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine

7334:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

5575:(Ethnicisation of Cleansing), Hereticus 1/2007, 11–36 5051:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 17. 3026:

before World War II, but this was forcibly resolved.

2514: 2297:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

2287:

called for the genocide and ethnic cleansing of most

8763:

International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur

5297:

expulsion of the non-Serb population of the opstina.

3829: 3783:

Richmond, Walter (2013). "3: From War to Genocide".

3056: 2101:" or emphasize security concerns and the effects of 2092:

in the 1980s, and entered widespread use during the

4296: 3422: 2928:

Siege of the Tel al-Zaatar Palestinian refugee camp

2305:("cleansing the terrain") was used by the Croatian 5436: 5434: 4446:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" 3487: 12638:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 10739:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 4377:72 (3): 110, Summer 1993. Retrieved May 20, 2006. 3473:"Exodus of Serbians stirs province in Yugoslavia" 2180:, who coined the term "genocide", considered the 1890:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 12779: 8652:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 8398: 5658:Destroy Them Gradually: Displacement as Atrocity 4527: 4020:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. 4017:Bosnia Remade: Ethnic Cleansing and Its Reversal 3909:Balkanologie. Revue d'études pluridisciplinaires 2938:committed by Lebanese Maronite forces backed by 2879:, who organized the extermination campaigns of " 12298:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 7592:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs 5431: 3669:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 51, 70. 3639:The Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions 3347:The Oxford Handbook of Postwar European History 3006:as a form of nationalist and economic warfare. 2711:, which associates citizenship with a specific 2108:Ethnic cleansing has no legal definition under 1534:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 11780:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 5525:"Ethnic Cleansing – An Attempt at Methodology" 5460:. Harvard University Press. pp. 209–211. 3689: 3429:Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 2909:resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 2761:International Association of Genocide Scholars 2444:due to its euphemistic, inappropriate nature. 2381: 2368:Between 1947 and 1949, in an event called the 2300: 1012:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 10845: 10036: 9467: 8859: 7885:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War 6861: 5863: 5485: 4528:Pinxten, Rik; Dikomitis, Lisa (May 1, 2009). 4477: 4402: 3635: 2805:As a military, political, and economic tactic 2341:documents of the early 1930s to refer to the 2332: 2326: 2068:, it also includes indirect methods aimed at 2015: 9819:Residential segregation in the United States 5105: 5103: 4057:. New York: Carroll & Graf. p. 93. 2634:introducing citations to additional sources 2280: 2272: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2148:An antecedent to the term is the Greek word 11996:List of people killed for being transgender 8771:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh 8511:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials 4894:European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 4013: 3572:European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 3543:Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner's Guide 3314:European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 2374:expelled from their homes or forced to flee 2337:; lit. "cleansing of borders") was used in 2214: 1226:List of people killed for being transgender 10852: 10838: 10043: 10029: 9474: 9460: 8866: 8852: 8718:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 6868: 6854: 5870: 5856: 5698:. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 97–122. 4961:. Harvard University Press. pp. 2–5. 4765: 4763: 4191: 2726:Ethnic cleansing was prevalent during the 2558: 2325:between 1941 and 1945. The Russian phrase 2022: 2008: 10709:Interminority racism in the United States 7341:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 5762: 5746:The Routledge Handbook of Ethnic Conflict 5712: 5454:Naimark, Norman M. (September 19, 2002). 5100: 4921:The International Journal of Human Rights 4905: 4811: 4675: 4484:The European Journal of International Law 4423: 4412:The European Journal of International Law 4115: 4113: 4077: 3986: 3947: 3920: 3583: 3391: 3389: 3325: 3268:The International Journal of Human Rights 2539:. There are also situations, such as the 11119:Social determinants of health in poverty 5781: 5674: 5522: 5181: 4837:"The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing" 4163: 4147:"The Nakba did not start or end in 1948" 4121:"The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing" 4055:Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia 3838: 3782: 3662: 3505: 3380: 2890: 2870: 2851: 2827: 2808: 2777:. Ethnic cleansing is similar to forced 2738: 2624:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2586: 2363: 2253:Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia 2247: 2127: 2033: 327:Social determinants of health in poverty 7213:Indigenous peoples in the United States 5784:Ethnic Cleansing: A Legal Qualification 5693: 5677:The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe 5453: 5442:Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 5083: 5077: 4951: 4918: 4887: 4814:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies 4769: 4760: 4698: 4561: 4518:School of Law. Retrieved on 2006, 12–13 4478:Shraga, Daphna; Zacklin, Ralph (2004). 4014:Toal, Gerard; Dahlman, Carl T. (2011). 3565: 3395: 3307: 3265: 3011:expulsion of Germans after World War II 2541:expulsion of Germans after World War II 2386:) in an address by Vice Prime Minister 2359:population transfer in the Soviet Union 12780: 10781:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 5800: 5322:from the original on September 5, 2021 5238:from the original on December 11, 2021 5150:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction 5118: 4983: 4834: 4596: 4252:Gunkel, Christoph (October 31, 2010). 4251: 4110: 3987:Eichholtz, Dietrich (September 2004). 3902: 3807: 3423:Kirby-McLemore, Jennifer (2021–2022). 3386: 3366:. University of Michigan. p. 49. 10833: 10024: 9455: 8847: 8748: 8629: 8397: 8374:Mass killings under communist regimes 7899: 7662: 7357: 7018: 6898: 6849: 5851: 5743: 5655: 5573:Etnicizacija čišćenja u reči i nedelu 5532:European Journal of International Law 5488:"A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing" 5356: 5286:from the original on October 14, 2021 5146: 5086:"Theoretical Paper: Ethnic Cleansing" 4649: 4647: 4645: 4385: 4383: 4364:"A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing" 4098:from the original on January 26, 2020 3968:from the original on January 26, 2020 3884:from the original on January 26, 2020 3735: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3629: 3601: 3540: 3349:. (2012). United Kingdom: OUP Oxford. 2421: 2372:, at least 750,000 Palestinians were 12762: 11802:Capital punishment for homosexuality 11124:Social determinants of mental health 10804: 10003: 8323:Terminology of the Armenian genocide 5819: 5542: 5090:Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence 5084:Naimark, Norman (November 4, 2007). 5065:from the original on January 2, 2016 5044: 5038: 4790:from the original on January 2, 2016 4223:in the central region of Yugoslavia. 4192:Feierstein, Daniel (April 4, 2023). 4052: 4007: 3937:– via balkanologie.revues.org. 3903:Akhund, Nadine (December 31, 2012). 3863: 3839:Richmond, Walter (2013). "4: 1864". 3493: 3483:from the original on March 17, 2018. 3470: 3358: 3235: 3233: 3203: 2601: 2343:forced resettlement of Polish people 2060:. Along with direct removal such as 2048:is the systematic forced removal of 1034:Capital punishment for homosexuality 332:Social determinants of mental health 11922:Genital modification and mutilation 10194:Discrimination based on nationality 9824:Segregation academy (United States) 9739:Sex segregation in public restrooms 8559:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia 5414: 4256:[One year, one (un)word!]. 3045:For a more comprehensive list, see 2866:ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 2474:and can be assimilated to specific 2345:from the 22-kilometre (14 mi) 2201:, who supervised the operations of 2132:Refugees at Taurus Pass during the 1152:Genital modification and mutilation 13: 10859: 5619: 5262:"ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin judgement" 4808:Ethnic cleansing versus genocide: 4642: 4380: 4178:Allen, Tim, and Jean Seaton, eds. 3929:from the original on April 4, 2017 3724: 3047:List of ethnic cleansing campaigns 2814:Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany 2515:As a crime under international law 2405:In 1992, the German equivalent of 2315:genocidal massacres they committed 14: 12849: 9293:List of nationalist organizations 5843: 4597:Snyder, Timothy (July 11, 2004). 4313:from the original on May 14, 2011 4266:from the original on May 12, 2013 4034:from the original on July 6, 2014 3642:. London: Routledge. p. 48. 3230: 3132:Political cleansing of population 3087:Discrimination based on skin tone 2441:Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache 2255:following the end of World War II 21:Ethnic cleansing (disambiguation) 12761: 12752: 12751: 12401:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 12238:Law for Protection of the Nation 12138:White genocide conspiracy theory 10813: 10803: 10794: 10793: 10002: 9974: 9973: 8749: 8630: 7900: 7663: 7358: 7019: 3059: 2617:relies largely or entirely on a 2606: 2182:displacement of Native Americans 1645:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1474:Law for Protection of the Nation 1368:White genocide conspiracy theory 47: 12243:MSM blood donation restrictions 11991:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 10814: 8873: 7172:Indigenous peoples in Australia 6899: 5447: 5408: 5385: 5350: 5200: 5175: 5140: 5122:(2005). "6: Declining Powers". 5112: 4802: 4727: 4692: 4624: 4590: 4555: 4521: 4498: 4471: 4439: 4396: 4391:Genocide Studies and Prevention 4356: 4330: 4278: 4245: 4228: 4185: 4172: 4157: 4139: 4071: 4046: 3980: 3941: 3896: 3857: 3811:(2005). "6: Declining Powers". 3801: 3776: 3683: 3656: 3595: 3559: 3534: 3499: 3471:Howe, Marvine (July 12, 1982). 3464: 3210: 2523:under the statutes of both the 2454:Security Council Resolution 780 1479:MSM blood donation restrictions 1221:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 12256:(as religious or racial quota) 10699:Go back to where you came from 9364:Historiography and nationalism 8088:Genocide of indigenous peoples 7687:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay 6988:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate 5825:The Dark Side of Nation-States 5679:. Cambridge University Press. 5486:Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew (1993). 5415:Ziv, Oren (October 19, 2023). 4705:. Cambridge University Press. 4660:Journal of Conflict Resolution 3611:. Princeton University Press. 3439: 3416: 3352: 3338: 3301: 3259: 2592:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia 2546:Preussische Treuhand v. Poland 2463:arbitrary arrest and detention 2447: 1492:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 12670:Second-generation gender bias 12386:Constitutional colorblindness 11114:Social determinants of health 9064:Palingenetic ultranationalism 8803:Ukraine v. Russian Federation 7107:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate 5877: 5545:Contemporary European History 5478: 5400:. Ein Rashash. Archived from 5371:10.1080/2201473X.2021.2007747 4841:The Journal of Modern History 4773:Genocide in International Law 4133:The Journal of Modern History 3520:10.1080/00905992.2018.1457018 2897:Russian invasion of Circassia 2535:and in certain circumstances 2465:, extra-judicial executions, 2456:defined ethnic cleansing as: 1922:Second-generation gender bias 1630:Constitutional colorblindness 322:Social determinants of health 8734:Croatia–Serbia genocide case 8535:Nuremberg Military Tribunals 8381:Anti-communist mass killings 7115:Indigenous peoples in Canada 7051:Indigenous peoples in Brazil 6875: 5767:. Rowman & Littlefield. 5763:Lieberman, Benjamin (2013). 5737:10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.01.010 5675:Bulutgil, H. Zeynep (2016). 5660:. Rutgers University Press. 5645:Resources in other libraries 4888:Schabas, William A. (2003). 4403:Ferdinandusse, Ward (2004). 3951:A Concise History of Germany 3697:Journal of Genocide Research 3566:Schabas, William A. (2003). 3308:Schabas, William A. (2003). 3040: 2525:International Criminal Court 2423:[ˈʔɛtnɪʃəˈzɔɪ̯bəʁʊŋ] 2392:invasion by the Soviet Union 2295:for the Germans. During the 2150: 2123: 2116:and may also fall under the 2082:many instances have occurred 7: 12823:Racially motivated violence 12581:Medical model of disability 12433:Hate speech laws by country 9681:Brown v. Board of Education 8668:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal 7836:National Population Program 5782:Pegorier, Clotilde (2013). 5582:Journal of Traumatic Stress 5423:(in Hebrew). Archived from 4816:. Oxford University Press. 4164:Petrovic, Vladimir (2017). 4081:Genocide on the River Drina 3742:Journal of Southern History 3398:Political Science Quarterly 3075:Outline of genocide studies 3052: 2987:Republic of Serbian Krajina 2734: 2333: 2041:in Europe from 1100 to 1600 1833:Medical model of disability 1677:Hate speech laws by country 10: 12854: 12690:Social model of disability 11169:Discrimination against men 10050: 9590:Czechoslovakia and Hungary 9424:Principle of nationalities 8583:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials 8527:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials 8353:Effects on young survivors 7788:Sabra and Shatila massacre 6239:Countries by ethnic groups 6234:Contemporary ethnic groups 5571:Vladimir Petrović (2007), 4984:Hayden, Robert M. (1996). 4254:"Ein Jahr, ein (Un-)Wort!" 3360:Joireman, Sandra Fullerton 3072: 3044: 2936:Sabra and Shatila Massacre 2704:The Dark Side of Democracy 2573:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 2436:German Un-word of the Year 2156: 2110:international criminal law 1942:Social model of disability 377:Discrimination against men 18: 12747: 12486: 12363: 12156: 12043:Opposition to immigration 11767: 11414: 11261: 11011: 10961:Race / Ethnicity 10898: 10867: 10789: 10666: 10499: 10267: 10169: 10058: 9963: 9837: 9752: 9704: 9635:Apartheid in South Africa 9555: 9487: 9314:Anarchism and nationalism 9306: 9285: 9243:List of fascist movements 9024:Constitutional patriotism 8957: 8881: 8757: 8638: 8551:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial 8519:Supreme National Tribunal 8409: 8390: 8300: 8222: 8125: 8003: 7910: 7673: 7368: 7130:Residential school system 7029: 6909: 6883: 6827: 6710: 6582: 6385: 6219: 6020: 5885: 5656:Basso, Andrew R. (2024). 5640:Resources in your library 5557:10.1017/S0960777309990257 5523:Petrovic, Drazen (1998). 5280:"Tadic Case: The Verdict" 5182:Richmond, Walter (2013). 4933:10.1080/13642980008406892 4770:Schabas, William (2000). 4668:10.1177/00220027241227897 4603:. Yale University Press. 4576:10.1080/13698249808402381 4516:University of Mississippi 4510:November 6, 2018, at the 4451:January 13, 2008, at the 4369:February 3, 2004, at the 4336:Hayden, Robert M. (1996) 4182:. Zed Books, 1999. p. 152 4078:Becirevic, Edina (2014). 4001:Rosa Luxemburg Foundation 3922:10.4000/balkanologie.2365 3710:10.1080/14623520500349951 3280:10.1080/13642980008406892 2582: 2327: 2174:expulsion of the Moriscos 1273:Opposition to immigration 161:Race / Ethnicity 12038:Occupational segregation 11807:Compulsory sterilization 7422:Christians in Diyarbekir 5359:Settler Colonial Studies 5212:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4711:10.1017/cbo9781139104005 4699:Mylonas, Harris (2013). 4210:10.46586/harm.2023.10453 4136:70 (4), 813–861. pg. 822 3948:Fulbrooke, Mary (2004). 3223: 3162:Religious discrimination 2956:People's Liberation Army 2747:. From 1914 until 1923, 2376:from what is now Israel. 1268:Occupational segregation 1039:Compulsory sterilization 12566:Internalized oppression 12428:Fighting Discrimination 12418:Fat acceptance movement 12376:Anti-discrimination law 12016:Native American mascots 10729:Psychometrics of racism 10179:Anti-miscegenation laws 9859:Anti-miscegenation laws 9694:Anti-miscegenation laws 8360:Politics of recognition 6915:Destruction of Carthage 6351:Torres Strait Islanders 6196:Ethnopsychopharmacology 5940:In-group and out-groups 5595:10.1023/A:1024469418811 5184:The Circassian Genocide 4907:10.1163/221161104X00075 4464:August 6, 2009, at the 4343:April 11, 2016, at the 3841:The Circassian Genocide 3785:The Circassian Genocide 3663:Saldanha, Arun (2012). 3585:10.1163/221161104X00075 3327:10.1163/221161104X00075 3029:According to historian 3004:Area C of the West Bank 2856:Exhumed victims of the 2564:Mutual ethnic cleansing 2559:Mutual ethnic cleansing 2533:crimes against humanity 2472:crimes against humanity 2114:crimes against humanity 1818:Internalized oppression 1672:Fighting Discrimination 1662:Fat acceptance movement 1620:Anti-discrimination law 1246:Native American mascots 12685:Social identity threat 12658:Reverse discrimination 12648:Racial color blindness 12128:Violence against women 12108:Sex-selective abortion 10694:Ethnic plastic surgery 10189:Biological determinism 9950:White Australia policy 9869:Corporative federalism 9359:Gender and nationalism 8811:South Africa v. Israel 8779:Rohingya genocide case 8316:Names of the Holocaust 7780:Chittagong Hill Tracts 7488:Kinder der Landstrasse 7374:Late Ottoman genocides 6597:Cultural appropriation 6497:Lineage-bonded society 5716:; Ram, Moriel (2016). 5045:Mann, Michael (2005). 4835:Martin, Terry (1998). 4494:on September 27, 2007. 4425:10.1093/ejil/15.5.1041 4362:Andrew Bell-Fialkoff, 4126:July 24, 2019, at the 4119:Martin, Terry (1998). 4053:West, Richard (1994). 3999:: 800–808 – via 3736:Sousa, Ashley (2016). 3545:. Simon and Schuster. 3410:10.1093/psquar/qqad082 2904: 2888: 2868: 2849: 2825: 2770: 2743:Photo taken after the 2599: 2521:crime against humanity 2484: 2414: 2382: 2377: 2357:. This process of the 2301: 2281: 2273: 2256: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2145: 2138:Young Turk triumvirate 2042: 1937:Social identity threat 1910:Reverse discrimination 1900:Racial color blindness 1358:Violence against women 1338:Sex-selective abortion 12793:Collective punishment 12653:Religious intolerance 12613:Political correctness 12443:Intersex human rights 12391:Cultural assimilation 12073:Religious persecution 11837:Disability hate crime 10614:In Jewish communities 10592:Hispanic & Latino 9919:Religious intolerance 9389:National indifference 8676:Bosnian genocide case 8330:Holocaust terminology 7973:Christians under ISIS 7711:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom 7140:1740 Batavia massacre 6964:Harrying of the North 6622:Ethnic interest group 6457:Ethnicity in censuses 6407:Cultural assimilation 5908:Ethnolinguistic group 3870:. London: Routledge. 3754:10.1353/soh.2016.0023 3167:Religious segregation 3157:Religious persecution 2914:During the 1980s, in 2894: 2874: 2855: 2831: 2812: 2742: 2590: 2458: 2367: 2251: 2131: 2075:coercive assimilation 2037: 1905:Religious intolerance 1865:Political correctness 1687:Intersex human rights 1635:Cultural assimilation 1303:Religious persecution 1069:Disability hate crime 12058:Political repression 11064:Anti-left handedness 11054:Anti-intellectualism 10704:Herrenvolk democracy 9929:Second-class citizen 9924:Reservation in India 9650:United Arab Emirates 9580:Bulgaria and Romania 9334:Cultural nationalism 9226:National syndicalist 8827:Nicaragua v. Germany 8726:Khmer Rouge Tribunal 8102:Utilitarian genocide 8081:Transgender genocide 7448:Osage Indian murders 7148:Great Gypsy Round-up 6835:Minzu (anthropology) 6804:Separatist movements 6667:Ethnographic village 6492:Legendary progenitor 6127:Transidioethnography 5930:Hyphenated ethnicity 5925:Ethnographic realism 5918:Ethnoreligious group 5518:on February 3, 2004. 5427:on October 22, 2023. 5404:on October 22, 2023. 5157:. pp. 108–110. 5155:Taylor & Francis 5147:Jones, Adam (2016). 4635:May 3, 2020, at the 3508:Nationalities Papers 3137:Population cleansing 3022:had encouraged Nazi 2944:Palestinian refugees 2864:forces, part of the 2630:improve this article 2492:Andrew Bell-Fialkoff 2313:in reference to the 2086:Albanian nationalist 1288:Political repression 272:Anti-left handedness 262:Anti-intellectualism 19:For other uses, see 12813:Human rights abuses 12561:Historical eugenics 12098:Segregation academy 12078:Religious terrorism 11867:Enemy of the people 11775:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 11301:Jehovah's Witnesses 11194:Perpetual foreigner 10724:Perpetual foreigner 9797:Exclusionary zoning 9744:Separatist feminism 9522:Partition of Bengal 9409:Nationalism studies 8213:Settler colonialism 8162:Forced assimilation 7868:Srebrenica massacre 7640:Chechens and Ingush 7398:Thracian Bulgarians 7244:Sand Creek massacre 7205:Siege of Tripolitsa 6956:Ancestral Puebloans 6702:Multinational state 6697:Model minority myth 6584:Multiethnic society 6502:Linguistic homeland 5913:Ethnonational group 5725:Political Geography 5440:Judt, Tony (2005). 5345:Weine et al. (1998) 4677:20.500.11850/657611 4514:, Paper 951, 2006, 4490:(3). Archived from 4418:(5): 1042, note 7. 4239:Contemporary Review 3451:www.theguardian.com 3127:Nativism (politics) 3112:Forced displacement 2901:Circassian genocide 2858:Srebrenica massacre 2787:forced displacement 2783:population transfer 2480:Genocide Convention 2415:ethnische Säuberung 2231:) and the Germans ( 2203:Circassian genocide 2162:Alexander the Great 2118:Genocide Convention 2066:population transfer 1813:Historical eugenics 1328:Segregation academy 1308:Religious terrorism 1099:Enemy of the people 1007:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 517:Jehovah's Witnesses 402:Perpetual foreigner 12473:Social integration 12468:Self-determination 12458:Racial integration 12406:Diversity training 12396:Cultural pluralism 12371:Affirmative action 12271:Racial segregation 12181:Crime of apartheid 12083:Religious violence 11593:Indigenous people 10988:Sexual orientation 10754:Racial integration 10734:Race and sexuality 10539:Japanese Americans 10259:Racial segregation 10249:Racial nationalism 9687:Massive resistance 9675:School segregation 9670:Separate but equal 9595:Dominican Republic 9497:Partition of India 8692:Slobodan Milošević 8543:Erich von Manstein 8155:Extermination camp 7916:Effacer le tableau 7679:Hyderabadi Muslims 7624:Nanshitou Massacre 7608:Muslims and Croats 7310:Hamidian massacres 7197:Al-Jawazi massacre 7187:Stolen Generations 6890:list by death toll 6682:Middleman minority 6642:Ethnic pornography 6637:Ethnic nationalism 6542:Pantribal sodality 6482:Imagined community 6007:Symbolic ethnicity 5935:Indigenous peoples 5903:Ethnographic group 5827:. Berghahn Books. 5268:on April 14, 2009. 5208:"Ethnic cleansing" 4953:Naimark, Norman M. 4534:. Berghahn Books. 3690:McDonnell, M. A.; 3477:The New York Times 3241:"Ethnic cleansing" 3177:Sectarian violence 3172:Religious violence 3142:Racial segregation 3117:Identity cleansing 2989:by the Serbs; and 2924:Karantina massacre 2905: 2889: 2877:Nikolay Yevdokimov 2869: 2850: 2826: 2771: 2728:Age of Nationalism 2645:"Ethnic cleansing" 2600: 2378: 2257: 2239:Carnegie Endowment 2199:Nikolay Yevdakimov 2166:conquest of Thebes 2146: 2043: 2039:Expulsions of Jews 1717:Social integration 1712:Self-determination 1702:Racial integration 1650:Diversity training 1640:Cultural pluralism 1615:Affirmative action 1507:Racial segregation 1417:Crime of apartheid 1313:Religious violence 817:Indigenous people 188:Sexual orientation 12775: 12774: 12643:Racism by country 12571:Intersectionality 12556:Heteronormativity 12355:Voter suppression 12103:Sexual harassment 11902:Forced conversion 11822:Cultural genocide 11492:African Americans 11311:post–Cold War era 11296:Eastern Orthodoxy 11049:Anti-drug addicts 11044:Anti-homelessness 10971:Scientific racism 10827: 10826: 10575:African Americans 10522:Chinese Americans 10219:Ethnic stereotype 10018: 10017: 9894:Majority minority 9775:Ethnic federalism 9557:Ethnic and racial 9517:Greece and Turkey 9449: 9448: 9394:National question 9354:Gastronationalism 9339:Diaspora politics 9329:Banal nationalism 9298:Nationalist Clubs 8841: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8744: 8743: 8625: 8624: 8471:Euthanasia trials 8391:Legal proceedings 8134:Cultural genocide 8060:Cultural genocide 7999: 7998: 7932:Masalit massacres 7895: 7894: 7796:Sri Lankan Tamils 7703:Arabs in Zanzibar 7658: 7657: 7576:Three Alls policy 7353: 7352: 7286:Putumayo genocide 7014: 7013: 6843: 6842: 6764:Ethnic stereotype 6677:Indigenous rights 6662:Ethnographic film 6647:Ethnic theme park 6607:Dominant minority 6602:Diaspora politics 6592:Consociationalism 6527:National language 6412:Cultural identity 6402:Cross-race effect 6346:Aboriginal groups 5834:978-1-78238-303-1 5812:978-1-003-09438-8 5793:978-1-134-06783-1 5774:978-1-4422-3038-5 5755:978-1-315-72042-5 5705:978-1-137-01202-9 5686:978-1-316-56528-5 5667:978-1-9788-3130-8 5626:Library resources 5467:978-0-674-00994-3 5193:978-0-8135-6068-7 5164:978-1-317-53386-3 5096:on March 6, 2016. 4968:978-0-674-00994-3 4823:978-0-19-923211-6 4720:978-1-107-02045-0 4610:978-0-300-10586-5 4541:978-1-84545-920-8 4091:978-0-3001-9258-2 4064:978-0-7867-0332-6 4027:978-0-19-973036-0 3961:978-0-52154-071-1 3877:978-1-13575-938-4 3850:978-0-8135-6068-7 3794:978-0-8135-6068-7 3676:978-0-7486-6961-5 3649:978-1-13633-476-4 3618:978-0-691-15333-9 3552:978-1-78074-146-8 3204:Explanatory notes 3122:Identity politics 3082:Cultural genocide 2930:, and during the 2745:burning of Smyrna 2695: 2694: 2680: 2569:Greco-Turkish War 2552:Timothy v. Waters 2507:, the founder of 2383:purificare etnică 2134:Armenian genocide 2088:treatment of the 2032: 2031: 1895:Racism by country 1823:Intersectionality 1808:Heteronormativity 1591:Voter suppression 1333:Sexual harassment 1132:Forced conversion 1054:Cultural genocide 716:African Americans 527:post–Cold War era 512:Eastern Orthodoxy 257:Anti-drug addicts 252:Anti-homelessness 171:Scientific racism 12845: 12838:1940s neologisms 12808:Forced migration 12788:Ethnic cleansing 12765: 12764: 12755: 12754: 12695:Social privilege 12680:Social exclusion 12608:Police brutality 12529:Multiculturalism 12499:Amatonormativity 12330:Social exclusion 12166:Age of candidacy 11966:Homeless dumping 11872:Ethnic cleansing 10854: 10847: 10840: 10831: 10830: 10817: 10816: 10807: 10806: 10797: 10796: 10651:Racial supremacy 10609:Jewish Americans 10587:Native Americans 10556:Zainichi Koreans 10544:Japanese Koreans 10527:Zainichi Chinese 10500:Racism by target 10277:Global apartheid 10269:Racism by region 10254:Racial profiling 10244:Racial hierarchy 10045: 10038: 10031: 10022: 10021: 10006: 10005: 9977: 9976: 9945:Social apartheid 9829:Social exclusion 9802:Forced migration 9770:Ethnic cleansing 9760:Auto-segregation 9502:Northern Ireland 9476: 9469: 9462: 9453: 9452: 9432: 9419:Plurinationalism 9399:National revival 9369:Internationalism 9324:Anti-nationalism 9307:Related concepts 8868: 8861: 8854: 8845: 8844: 8830: 8822: 8814: 8806: 8798: 8790: 8782: 8774: 8766: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8737: 8729: 8721: 8711: 8703: 8700:Radovan Karadžić 8695: 8687: 8679: 8671: 8663: 8660:Belgrade Process 8655: 8647: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8618: 8610: 8602: 8594: 8591:Treblinka trials 8586: 8578: 8570: 8562: 8554: 8546: 8538: 8530: 8522: 8514: 8506: 8498: 8490: 8482: 8474: 8466: 8458: 8450: 8442: 8434: 8431:Épuration légale 8426: 8418: 8404: 8401:Holocaust trials 8395: 8394: 8383: 8376: 8369: 8362: 8355: 8348: 8341: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8242: 8235: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8194: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8148:Ethnic cleansing 8143: 8136: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8069: 8062: 8055: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8021: 8014: 7992: 7984: 7976: 7968: 7965:Shias under ISIS 7960: 7952: 7944: 7934: 7927: 7919: 7905: 7897: 7896: 7888: 7880: 7870: 7863: 7855: 7847: 7839: 7831: 7823: 7815: 7807: 7799: 7791: 7783: 7775: 7767: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7738: 7730: 7722: 7714: 7706: 7698: 7690: 7682: 7668: 7660: 7659: 7651: 7643: 7635: 7627: 7619: 7611: 7603: 7600:Serbs in Croatia 7595: 7587: 7579: 7571: 7563: 7560:Nanjing Massacre 7555: 7552:Parsley massacre 7547: 7544:Polish Operation 7539: 7536:Romani Holocaust 7531: 7523: 7515: 7507: 7499: 7491: 7483: 7480:Napalpí massacre 7475: 7467: 7459: 7451: 7443: 7433: 7425: 7417: 7409: 7401: 7391: 7384: 7376: 7363: 7355: 7354: 7344: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7313: 7305: 7297: 7289: 7281: 7273: 7265: 7257: 7247: 7239: 7231: 7223: 7215: 7208: 7200: 7190: 7182: 7174: 7167: 7159: 7151: 7143: 7133: 7125: 7117: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7024: 7016: 7015: 7007: 6999: 6991: 6983: 6975: 6972:Mongol conquests 6967: 6959: 6951: 6941: 6934: 6926: 6918: 6904: 6896: 6895: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6734:Ethnic cleansing 6729:Ethnic bioweapon 6612:Ethnic democracy 6221:Groups by region 6171:Ethnomethodology 6154:Ethnomathematics 6144:Ethnolinguistics 6040:Ethnoarchaeology 5872: 5865: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5816: 5797: 5778: 5759: 5740: 5722: 5709: 5690: 5671: 5631:Ethnic cleansing 5614: 5568: 5539: 5529: 5519: 5514:. Archived from 5504:10.2307/20045626 5472: 5471: 5451: 5445: 5444:. Penguin Press. 5438: 5429: 5428: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5321: 5314: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5264:. Archived from 5258: 5252: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5092:. Archived from 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5042: 5036: 5033: 4980: 4948: 4915: 4909: 4884: 4831: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4741:. Archived from 4740: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4651: 4640: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4525: 4519: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4475: 4469: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4435:on July 5, 2008. 4434: 4428:. Archived from 4427: 4409: 4400: 4394: 4387: 4378: 4360: 4354: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4308: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4249: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4143: 4137: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4011: 4005: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3924: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3836: 3827: 3826: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3733: 3722: 3721: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3666:Deleuze and Race 3660: 3654: 3653: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3514:(6): 1136–1145. 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3393: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3356: 3350: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3329: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3237: 3217: 3214: 3182:Social cleansing 3069: 3064: 3063: 2993:by the Croats). 2983:Republika Srpska 2971:forced expulsion 2932:1982 Lebanon War 2723:, and violence. 2690: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2638: 2610: 2602: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2407:ethnic cleansing 2396:Nagorno-Karabakh 2385: 2336: 2334:ochistka granits 2330: 2329: 2304: 2299:, the euphemism 2286: 2278: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2222:czystki etniczne 2218: 2195:Imperial Russian 2159: 2158: 2153: 2070:forced migration 2046:Ethnic cleansing 2024: 2017: 2010: 1947:Social privilege 1932:Social exclusion 1860:Police brutality 1781:Multiculturalism 1751:Amatonormativity 1566:Social exclusion 1402:Age of candidacy 1196:Homeless dumping 1103:Ethnic cleansing 51: 28: 27: 12853: 12852: 12848: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12798:Ethnic conflict 12778: 12777: 12776: 12771: 12743: 12618:Polyculturalism 12514:Civil liberties 12482: 12463:Reappropriation 12364:Countermeasures 12359: 12288:Racial steering 12254:Numerus clausus 12158: 12152: 11877:Ethnic conflict 11812:Corrective rape 11763: 11410: 11257: 11149:HIV/AIDS stigma 11007: 10956:Mental disorder 10894: 10863: 10858: 10828: 10823: 10785: 10764:Racism in sport 10662: 10656:White supremacy 10495: 10263: 10199:Ethnic conflict 10171: 10165: 10059:Types of racism 10054: 10049: 10019: 10014: 9959: 9934:Separate school 9839: 9833: 9748: 9700: 9551: 9483: 9480: 9450: 9445: 9426: 9384:Nation-building 9302: 9281: 8953: 8877: 8872: 8842: 8833: 8825: 8817: 8809: 8801: 8793: 8787:Uyghur Tribunal 8785: 8777: 8769: 8761: 8753: 8750: 8740: 8732: 8724: 8716: 8706: 8698: 8690: 8682: 8674: 8666: 8658: 8650: 8642: 8634: 8631: 8621: 8613: 8607:Fedorenko trial 8605: 8597: 8589: 8581: 8573: 8565: 8557: 8549: 8541: 8533: 8525: 8517: 8509: 8503:Stutthof trials 8501: 8493: 8485: 8479:Nuremberg trial 8477: 8469: 8461: 8453: 8445: 8439:Majdanek trials 8437: 8429: 8421: 8415:Krasnodar trial 8413: 8405: 8399: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8296: 8289: 8282: 8275: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8238: 8231: 8218: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8040: 8033: 8026: 8017: 8010: 7995: 7987: 7979: 7971: 7963: 7955: 7947: 7941:Southern Kaduna 7939: 7930: 7922: 7914: 7906: 7901: 7891: 7883: 7875: 7866: 7858: 7850: 7842: 7834: 7826: 7818: 7810: 7802: 7794: 7786: 7778: 7770: 7762: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7733: 7725: 7717: 7709: 7701: 7693: 7685: 7677: 7669: 7664: 7654: 7646: 7638: 7630: 7622: 7614: 7606: 7598: 7590: 7582: 7574: 7566: 7558: 7550: 7542: 7534: 7528:Simele massacre 7526: 7518: 7510: 7502: 7494: 7486: 7478: 7470: 7462: 7454: 7446: 7438: 7428: 7420: 7412: 7404: 7396: 7387: 7379: 7372: 7364: 7359: 7349: 7339: 7332: 7324: 7318:Herero and Nama 7316: 7308: 7300: 7292: 7284: 7276: 7268: 7260: 7252: 7242: 7234: 7226: 7218: 7211: 7203: 7195: 7185: 7177: 7170: 7162: 7154: 7146: 7138: 7128: 7120: 7113: 7105: 7097: 7089: 7081: 7073: 7065: 7057: 7049: 7041: 7033: 7025: 7020: 7010: 7002: 6994: 6986: 6978: 6970: 6962: 6954: 6946: 6937: 6929: 6923:Asiatic Vespers 6921: 6913: 6905: 6900: 6887: 6879: 6874: 6844: 6839: 6823: 6769:Ethnic violence 6717: 6715:ethnic conflict 6713: 6706: 6687:Minority rights 6627:Ethnic majority 6578: 6562:Detribalization 6517:Nation-building 6452:Ethnic religion 6395: 6391: 6381: 6288:Central America 6215: 6186:Ethnophilosophy 6181:Ethnomusicology 6159:Ethnostatistics 6117:Person-centered 6087:Autoethnography 6016: 5881: 5876: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5813: 5794: 5775: 5756: 5720: 5706: 5687: 5668: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5620:Further reading 5617: 5527: 5492:Foreign Affairs 5481: 5476: 5475: 5468: 5452: 5448: 5439: 5432: 5413: 5409: 5390: 5386: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5289: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5180: 5176: 5165: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5059: 5043: 5039: 5002:10.2307/2501233 4969: 4958:Fires of Hatred 4824: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4784: 4768: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4748:on June 1, 2011 4745: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4697: 4693: 4652: 4643: 4637:Wayback Machine 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4595: 4591: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4512:Wayback Machine 4503: 4499: 4476: 4472: 4466:Wayback Machine 4453:Wayback Machine 4444: 4440: 4432: 4407: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4381: 4375:Foreign Affairs 4371:Wayback Machine 4361: 4357: 4353:55 (4), 727–48. 4345:Wayback Machine 4335: 4331: 4316: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4250: 4246: 4234:Cox, Caroline. 4233: 4229: 4190: 4186: 4177: 4173: 4162: 4158: 4153:. May 23, 2017. 4145: 4144: 4140: 4128:Wayback Machine 4118: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4028: 4012: 4008: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3962: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3901: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3781: 3777: 3734: 3725: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3619: 3600: 3596: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3539: 3535: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3421: 3417: 3394: 3387: 3383:, p. 1136. 3379: 3375: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3339: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3097:Ethnic violence 3092:Ethnic conflict 3077: 3067:Genocide portal 3065: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3000:Israeli herders 2964:Lebanese Forces 2920:Damour massacre 2860:carried out by 2807: 2737: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2639: 2637: 2623: 2611: 2585: 2561: 2517: 2505:Gregory Stanton 2450: 2427: 2426: 2418: 2388:Mihai Antonescu 2302:čišćenje terena 2283:Generalplan Ost 2225:), the French ( 2210:” (cleansing). 2126: 2103:democratization 2028: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1870:Polyculturalism 1766:Civil liberties 1738: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1707:Reappropriation 1607: 1606:Countermeasures 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1524:Racial steering 1490:Numerus clausus 1394: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1107:Ethnic conflict 1044:Corrective rape 999: 991: 990: 989: 988: 987: 641: 630: 629: 628: 627: 626: 479: 469: 468: 467: 466: 465: 357:HIV/AIDS stigma 219: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 156:Mental disorder 98: 90: 89: 88: 87: 86: 59: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12851: 12841: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12769: 12759: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12741: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12713: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12666: 12665: 12663:Reverse racism 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12633:Prisoner abuse 12630: 12625: 12623:Power distance 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12541:Ethnic penalty 12538: 12537: 12536: 12534:Neurodiversity 12531: 12521: 12519:Dehumanization 12516: 12511: 12509:Cisnormativity 12506: 12501: 12496: 12490: 12488: 12487:Related topics 12484: 12483: 12481: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12409: 12408: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12367: 12365: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12345:State religion 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12281:Nuremberg Laws 12278: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12223:Ghetto benches 12220: 12218:Gerrymandering 12215: 12210: 12205: 12203:Gender pay gap 12200: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12162: 12160: 12157:Discriminatory 12154: 12153: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11986:Lavender scare 11983: 11981:Kill Haole Day 11978: 11976:Indian rolling 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11941: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11862:Eliminationism 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11797:Cancel culture 11794: 11789: 11784: 11783: 11782: 11771: 11769: 11768:Manifestations 11765: 11764: 11762: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11664:Middle Eastern 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11610: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11421: 11419: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11408: 11406:Zoroastrianism 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11382: 11381: 11371: 11370: 11369: 11368: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11337: 11336: 11335: 11333:Untouchability 11330: 11320: 11315: 11314: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11216: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11159:Leprosy stigma 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11015: 11013: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10968: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10902: 10900: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10871: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10861:Discrimination 10857: 10856: 10849: 10842: 10834: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10811: 10801: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10776:Reverse racism 10773: 10772: 10771: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10749:Racial figleaf 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10670: 10668: 10667:Related topics 10664: 10663: 10661: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10626:Middle Eastern 10623: 10618: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10589: 10584: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10567: 10566: 10565: 10560: 10559: 10558: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10541: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10509: 10503: 10501: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10493: 10492: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10471: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10449: 10448: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10418:United Kingdom 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10360: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10333: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10289: 10279: 10273: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10175: 10173: 10170:Manifestations 10167: 10166: 10164: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10048: 10047: 10040: 10033: 10025: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10012: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9971: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9904:Nuremberg Laws 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9879:Ghetto benches 9876: 9874:Discrimination 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9843: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9787:Ethnopluralism 9784: 9783: 9782: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9710: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9672: 9667: 9657: 9655:United Kingdom 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9561: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9493: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9479: 9478: 9471: 9464: 9456: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9441:State-building 9438: 9433: 9421: 9416: 9414:Natural border 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9349:Exceptionalism 9346: 9344:Eliminationism 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9289: 9287: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9223: 9213: 9208: 9207: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9194: 9189: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9089: 9088: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8994: 8993: 8992: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8961: 8959: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8871: 8870: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8831: 8823: 8815: 8807: 8799: 8791: 8783: 8775: 8767: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8738: 8730: 8722: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8704: 8696: 8680: 8672: 8664: 8656: 8648: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8611: 8603: 8595: 8587: 8579: 8571: 8567:Eichmann trial 8563: 8555: 8547: 8539: 8531: 8523: 8515: 8507: 8499: 8491: 8483: 8475: 8467: 8459: 8451: 8447:Chełmno trials 8443: 8435: 8427: 8419: 8410: 8407: 8406: 8392: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8377: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8240:Trivialization 8228: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8176:Killing Fields 8165: 8158: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8091: 8084: 8077: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8007: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7985: 7977: 7969: 7961: 7953: 7945: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7920: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7881: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7856: 7848: 7840: 7832: 7824: 7816: 7812:Kuwaiti Bedoon 7808: 7800: 7792: 7784: 7776: 7768: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7751: 7739: 7731: 7723: 7715: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7683: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7648:Crimean Tatars 7644: 7636: 7628: 7620: 7612: 7604: 7596: 7588: 7580: 7572: 7564: 7556: 7548: 7540: 7532: 7524: 7516: 7508: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7476: 7472:Kantō Massacre 7468: 7460: 7452: 7444: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7426: 7418: 7410: 7402: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7330: 7322: 7314: 7306: 7298: 7290: 7282: 7274: 7266: 7258: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7240: 7232: 7228:Trail of Tears 7224: 7220:Indian removal 7209: 7201: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7183: 7168: 7160: 7152: 7144: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7126: 7111: 7103: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7071: 7063: 7059:Kashmiri Shias 7055: 7047: 7039: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7000: 6992: 6984: 6976: 6968: 6960: 6952: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6927: 6919: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6893: 6881: 6880: 6873: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6850: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6794:Indigenization 6791: 6786: 6784:Ethnosymbolism 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6754:Ethnic penalty 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6692:Model minority 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6672:Ethnopluralism 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6617:Ethnic enclave 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6396: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6362: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6327:Southeast Asia 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6250: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6236: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6206:Ethnosemiotics 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6176:Ethnomuseology 6173: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6042: 6037: 6035:Ethnic studies 6032: 6026: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6004: 6002:Supraethnicity 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5955:Minority group 5952: 5950:Metroethnicity 5947: 5945:Meta-ethnicity 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5845: 5844:External links 5842: 5840: 5839: 5833: 5817: 5811: 5798: 5792: 5779: 5773: 5760: 5754: 5741: 5710: 5704: 5691: 5685: 5672: 5666: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5589:(1): 147–153. 5576: 5569: 5540: 5520: 5498:(3): 110–121. 5482: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5466: 5446: 5430: 5407: 5384: 5365:(4): 512–532. 5349: 5347:, p. 147. 5337: 5301: 5271: 5253: 5217: 5199: 5192: 5174: 5163: 5139: 5132: 5111: 5099: 5076: 5057: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5031:circumstances. 4996:(4): 727–748. 4981: 4967: 4949: 4927:(3–4): 47–66. 4916: 4900:(1): 109–128. 4885: 4869:10.1086/235168 4853:10.1086/235168 4847:(4): 813–861. 4832: 4822: 4801: 4782: 4759: 4726: 4719: 4691: 4641: 4623: 4609: 4589: 4554: 4540: 4520: 4497: 4470: 4438: 4395: 4379: 4355: 4329: 4327:Paragraph 130. 4295: 4277: 4259:Spiegel Online 4244: 4227: 4184: 4171: 4156: 4138: 4109: 4090: 4070: 4063: 4045: 4026: 4006: 3993:Utopie Kreativ 3979: 3960: 3940: 3895: 3876: 3856: 3849: 3828: 3821: 3800: 3793: 3775: 3748:(1): 135–136. 3723: 3704:(4): 501–529. 3682: 3675: 3655: 3648: 3628: 3617: 3594: 3578:(1): 109–128. 3558: 3551: 3533: 3498: 3486: 3463: 3438: 3415: 3404:(4): 469–489. 3385: 3373: 3351: 3337: 3320:(1): 109–128. 3300: 3274:(3–4): 47–66. 3258: 3245:United Nations 3228: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3073:Main article: 3071: 3070: 3054: 3051: 3042: 3039: 3031:Norman Naimark 3016:Czechoslovakia 2887:” (cleansing). 2875:Russian Count 2848:forces in 1993 2806: 2803: 2766:Greek Genocide 2749:Ottoman Greeks 2736: 2733: 2693: 2692: 2628:. Please help 2614: 2612: 2605: 2594:in 1943. Most 2584: 2581: 2560: 2557: 2527:(ICC) and the 2516: 2513: 2509:Genocide Watch 2449: 2446: 2355:Ukrainian SSRs 2328:очистка границ 2219:), the Poles ( 2191:industrial era 2178:Raphael Lemkin 2142:Ottoman empire 2125: 2122: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2012: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1915:Reverse racism 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1885:Prisoner abuse 1882: 1877: 1875:Power distance 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Ethnic penalty 1790: 1789: 1788: 1786:Neurodiversity 1783: 1773: 1771:Dehumanization 1768: 1763: 1761:Cisnormativity 1758: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1737:Related topics 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1581:State religion 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1517:Nuremberg Laws 1514: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1459:Ghetto benches 1456: 1454:Gerrymandering 1451: 1446: 1441: 1439:Gender pay gap 1436: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1216:Lavender scare 1213: 1211:Kill Haole Day 1208: 1206:Indian rolling 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1096: 1094:Eliminationism 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1029:Cancel culture 1026: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1003: 1002: 1001: 1000: 998:Manifestations 997: 996: 993: 992: 986: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 888:Middle Eastern 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 834: 833: 828: 823: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 729: 728: 723: 718: 708: 703: 698: 697: 696: 691: 686: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 645: 644: 643: 642: 636: 635: 632: 631: 625: 624: 622:Zoroastrianism 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 598: 597: 587: 586: 585: 584: 583: 578: 573: 568: 553: 552: 551: 549:Untouchability 546: 536: 531: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 499: 494: 489: 483: 482: 481: 480: 475: 474: 471: 470: 464: 463: 458: 453: 452: 451: 446: 441: 431: 430: 429: 424: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 367:Leprosy stigma 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 223: 222: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 206: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 174: 173: 168: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 102: 101: 100: 99: 96: 95: 92: 91: 85: 84: 79: 74: 69: 63: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 53: 52: 44: 43: 41:Discrimination 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12850: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12768: 12760: 12758: 12750: 12749: 12746: 12740: 12737: 12733: 12730: 12729: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12717:Social stigma 12715: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12697: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12664: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12485: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12368: 12366: 12362: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12340:State atheism 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12276:Jim Crow laws 12274: 12273: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12261:One-drop rule 12259: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12176:Blood quantum 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12155: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12123:Victimisation 12121: 12119: 12118:Trans bashing 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12088:Religious war 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12068:Racialization 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11950: 11947: 11946: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11939:Glass ceiling 11937: 11933: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11882:Ethnic hatred 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11817:Counter-jihad 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11766: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11608: 11607:United States 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11489: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11470:United States 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11418: 11413: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11391:Protestantism 11389: 11387: 11384: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11372: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11347: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11306:LDS or Mormon 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11260: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11236:Transmisogyny 11234: 11232: 11229: 11228: 11227: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11211: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11139:Gerontophobia 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11059:Anti-intersex 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11034:Anti-albinism 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11016: 11014: 11010: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10963: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10901: 10897: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10875:Institutional 10873: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10855: 10850: 10848: 10843: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10820: 10812: 10810: 10802: 10800: 10792: 10791: 10788: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10665: 10657: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10646:Wine industry 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10598: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10572: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10552: 10549: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10498: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10475: 10474:South America 10472: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10462:United States 10460: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10452:North America 10450: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10334: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10300: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10239:Racialization 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10204:Ethnic hatred 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10168: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10121:Laissez-faire 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10106:Institutional 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10091:Environmental 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10041: 10039: 10034: 10032: 10027: 10026: 10023: 10011: 10010: 10001: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9972: 9970: 9969:Pillarisation 9966: 9965: 9962: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9889:Jim Crow laws 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9848: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9813: 9810: 9809: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9765:Balkanization 9763: 9761: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9703: 9695: 9692: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9660:United States 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9554: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9477: 9472: 9470: 9465: 9463: 9458: 9457: 9454: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9430: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286:Organizations 9284: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9257:Technological 9255: 9253: 9250: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9239: 9236: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9221:Ethnocacerism 9219: 9218: 9217: 9216:Revolutionary 9214: 9212: 9209: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9163: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9087: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8869: 8864: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8759: 8756: 8747: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8640: 8637: 8628: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8599:Sobibor trial 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8463:Belsen trials 8460: 8456: 8455:Dachau trials 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8423:Kharkov trial 8420: 8416: 8412: 8411: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8371: 8368: 8367:Justification 8364: 8361: 8357: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8331: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8317: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8281: 8278: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8264: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8246: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8233:The Holocaust 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8214: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8192:Death marches 8189: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8163: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8124: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8085: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8071: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8025: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8002: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7949:Iraqi Turkmen 7946: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7904: 7898: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7584:The Holocaust 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7466:(1920s–1930s) 7465: 7464:Ingrian Finns 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7390: 7389:Pontic Greeks 7386: 7385: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7304:(1890s–1900s) 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7127: 7124:(1700s–1800s) 7123: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7023: 7017: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6974:(1200s–1360s) 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6903: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6866: 6864: 6859: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6774:Ethnocentrism 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6739:Ethnic hatred 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6532:National myth 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6472:Folk religion 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Ethnic origin 6445: 6443: 6442:Ethnic option 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6317:Northern Asia 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6293:South America 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6278:United States 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6211:Ethnotaxonomy 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6166:Ethnomedicine 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6102:Institutional 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6060:Ethnomycology 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5987:Polyethnicity 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5967:Monoethnicity 5965: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5821:Ther, Philipp 5818: 5814: 5808: 5805:. Routledge. 5804: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5786:. Routledge. 5785: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5748:. Routledge. 5747: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5483: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5450: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5318: 5311: 5305: 5298: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5234: 5227: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5143: 5135: 5133:1-84511-057-9 5129: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5064: 5060: 5058:9780521538541 5054: 5050: 5049: 5041: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990:Slavic Review 4987: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4783:9780521787901 4779: 4775: 4774: 4766: 4764: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4455:, Article 7; 4454: 4450: 4447: 4442: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4352: 4351: 4350:Slavic Review 4346: 4342: 4339: 4333: 4325: 4312: 4305: 4299: 4293:Paragraph 129 4287: 4281: 4265: 4262:(in German). 4261: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4242:of Karabakh." 4240: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4175: 4167: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4074: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3995:(in German). 3994: 3990: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3944: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3833: 3824: 3822:1-84511-057-9 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3678: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3651: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3632: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3482: 3479:. p. 8. 3478: 3474: 3467: 3456:September 13, 3452: 3448: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3390: 3382: 3381:Bulutgil 2018 3377: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3102:Ethnocentrism 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3068: 3062: 3057: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2991:Herzeg-Bosnia 2988: 2984: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2948:Lebanese Shia 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2697:According to 2689: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2647: – 2646: 2642: 2641:Find sources: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2619:single source 2615:This section 2613: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2455: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2402:(1992–1995). 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289:Slavic people 2285: 2284: 2279:). The Nazi 2277: 2276: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157:ἀνδραποδισμός 2152: 2151:andrapodismos 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2099:nation states 2095: 2094:Yugoslav Wars 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2040: 2036: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1969:Social stigma 1967: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1576:State atheism 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512:Jim Crow laws 1510: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1497:One-drop rule 1495: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1412:Blood quantum 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1390: 1389: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1353:Victimisation 1351: 1349: 1348:Trans bashing 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1318:Religious war 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1298:Racialization 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1169:Glass ceiling 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1112:Ethnic hatred 1110: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1049:Counter-jihad 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 995: 994: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 832: 831:United States 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 818: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 695: 694:United States 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 640: 634: 633: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 607:Protestantism 605: 603: 600: 596: 593: 592: 591: 588: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 563: 562: 559: 558: 557: 554: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 535: 532: 528: 525: 523: 522:LDS or Mormon 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 484: 478: 473: 472: 462: 459: 457: 454: 450: 447: 445: 444:Transmisogyny 442: 440: 437: 436: 435: 432: 428: 425: 423: 420: 419: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347:Gerontophobia 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 267:Anti-intersex 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 242:Anti-albinism 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 215: 214: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 103: 94: 93: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 67:Institutional 65: 64: 55: 54: 50: 46: 45: 42: 39: 38: 34: 30: 29: 26: 22: 12551:Gender-blind 12438:Human rights 12266:Racial quota 12253: 12233:Jewish quota 12213:Gerontocracy 12208:Gender roles 12186:Disabilities 12171:Blood purity 12143:Wife selling 12133:White flight 12113:Slut-shaming 12093:Scapegoating 12011:Murder music 11871: 11684:Palestinians 11502:South Africa 11487:Black people 11465:South Africa 11286:Christianity 11276:Baháʼí Faith 11204:Sectarianism 11144:Heterosexism 11109:Ephebiphobia 11074:Antisemitism 11069:Anti-Masonry 10936:Hair texture 10769:in Australia 10759:Racial quota 10403:Soviet Union 10346:Saudi Arabia 10287:South Africa 10214:Ethnic slurs 10209:Ethnic jokes 10111:Internalized 10007: 9978: 9769: 9729:Saudi Arabia 9679: 9645:Saudi Arabia 9532:Saudi Arabia 9404:Nation state 9319:Anationalism 9059:Expansionist 8751:21st century 8708:Ratko Mladić 8632:20th century 8575:Belzec trial 8339:Genocide law 8199:Death squads 8147: 8109:Mass killing 8019:Autogenocide 7903:21st century 7666:1946 to 1999 7538:(1935–1945) 7496:Libyan Arabs 7361:1913 to 1945 7022:1490 to 1913 6809:Xenocentrism 6759:Ethnic slurs 6749:Ethnic party 6733: 6712:Ideology and 6632:Ethnic media 6574:White ethnic 6567:Neotribalism 6522:Nation state 6462:Ethnofiction 6393:ethnogenesis 6364: 6357: 6338: 6307:Central Asia 6299: 6252: 6245: 6228: 6201:Ethnoscience 6191:Ethnopoetics 6139:Ethnohistory 6077:Ethnogeology 6065:Ethnozoology 6055:Ethnoecology 6045:Ethnobiology 6030:Anthropology 5982:Panethnicity 5898:Ethnic group 5824: 5802: 5783: 5764: 5745: 5728: 5724: 5714:Gordon, Neve 5695: 5676: 5657: 5630: 5586: 5580: 5551:(1): 75–81. 5548: 5544: 5535: 5531: 5516:the original 5495: 5491: 5456: 5449: 5441: 5425:the original 5420: 5410: 5402:the original 5398:The Guardian 5397: 5387: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5340: 5331: 5324:. Retrieved 5304: 5295: 5288:. Retrieved 5274: 5266:the original 5256: 5247: 5240:. Retrieved 5220: 5211: 5202: 5183: 5177: 5169:Google Books 5167:– via 5149: 5142: 5123: 5120:Levene, Mark 5114: 5094:the original 5089: 5079: 5067:. Retrieved 5047: 5040: 5029: 4993: 4989: 4975: 4972: 4957: 4944: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4897: 4893: 4880: 4844: 4840: 4827: 4813: 4804: 4792:. Retrieved 4772: 4750:. Retrieved 4743:the original 4729: 4701: 4694: 4659: 4626: 4616:December 31, 4614:. Retrieved 4599: 4592: 4570:(3): 46–64. 4567: 4563: 4557: 4547:December 31, 4545:. Retrieved 4530: 4523: 4500: 4492:the original 4487: 4483: 4473: 4468:, Article 5. 4457: 4441: 4430:the original 4415: 4411: 4398: 4390: 4374: 4358: 4348: 4332: 4322: 4315:. Retrieved 4298: 4280: 4270:February 17, 4268:. Retrieved 4257: 4247: 4238: 4230: 4221: 4201: 4197: 4187: 4179: 4174: 4168:. CEU Press. 4165: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4131: 4100:. Retrieved 4080: 4073: 4054: 4048: 4036:. Retrieved 4016: 4009: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3970:. Retrieved 3950: 3943: 3931:. Retrieved 3912: 3908: 3898: 3886:. Retrieved 3866: 3859: 3840: 3812: 3809:Levene, Mark 3803: 3784: 3778: 3745: 3741: 3701: 3695: 3692:Moses, A. D. 3685: 3665: 3658: 3638: 3631: 3622: 3606: 3603:Akçam, Taner 3597: 3589: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3542: 3536: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3489: 3476: 3466: 3454:. Retrieved 3450: 3441: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3401: 3397: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3354: 3346: 3340: 3331: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3291: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3251:December 20, 3249:. Retrieved 3244: 3212: 3187:Sundown town 3028: 3008: 2998: 2995: 2980: 2968: 2952:Mountain War 2934:such as the 2913: 2906: 2885:ochishchenie 2884: 2838:Lašva Valley 2822:the invasion 2818:German Reich 2791: 2772: 2764: 2725: 2713:ethnic group 2702: 2699:Michael Mann 2696: 2683: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2640: 2616: 2577:World War II 2563: 2562: 2550: 2544: 2518: 2503: 2498:Terry Martin 2496: 2488:intimidation 2485: 2459: 2451: 2439: 2434:) was named 2406: 2404: 2379: 2351:Byelorussian 2293:living space 2269:Nazi Germany 2265:World War II 2258: 2212: 2208:ochishchenie 2207: 2147: 2107: 2090:Kosovo Serbs 2079: 2045: 2044: 1803:Gender-blind 1682:Human rights 1502:Racial quota 1489: 1469:Jewish quota 1449:Gerontocracy 1444:Gender roles 1422:Disabilities 1407:Blood purity 1373:Wife selling 1363:White flight 1343:Slut-shaming 1323:Scapegoating 1241:Murder music 908:Palestinians 726:South Africa 711:Black people 689:South Africa 502:Christianity 492:Baháʼí Faith 412:Sectarianism 352:Heterosexism 317:Ephebiphobia 282:Antisemitism 277:Anti-Masonry 136:Hair texture 25: 12818:Persecution 12453:Nonviolence 12448:LGBT rights 12413:Empowerment 12381:Anti-racism 12303:Segregation 12248:No kid zone 12048:Persecution 11961:Hate speech 11912:Gay bashing 11887:Ethnic joke 11842:Dog whistle 11787:Blood libel 11482:Azerbaijani 11386:Neopaganism 11379:Persecution 11345:Persecution 11328:Persecution 11291:Catholicism 11226:Transphobia 11209:Supremacism 11164:Lesbophobia 11079:Aporophobia 11039:Anti-autism 10890:Taste-based 10885:Statistical 10684:Anti-racism 10425:Middle East 10319:South Korea 10314:North Korea 10229:Hate speech 10151:Substantive 10131:Neocolonial 9864:Black Codes 9812:labor camps 9719:Afghanistan 9427: [ 9374:Irredentism 9262:Territorial 8882:Development 8875:Nationalism 8821:(2023–2024) 8789:(2020–2021) 8736:(1999–2015) 8728:(1997–2022) 8720:(1994–2015) 8710:(2011–2017) 8702:(2008–2016) 8694:(2002–2006) 8686:(1993–2017) 8678:(1993–2007) 8670:(1946–1948) 8654:(1946–1948) 8644:Budak trial 8615:Finta trial 8601:(1965–1966) 8593:(1964–1970) 8585:(1963–1989) 8577:(1963–1965) 8561:(1961–1962) 8537:(1946–1949) 8529:(1946–1948) 8521:(1946–1948) 8513:(1946–1953) 8505:(1946–1947) 8489:(1945–1946) 8487:Minsk trial 8481:(1945–1946) 8473:(1945–1949) 8465:(1945–1948) 8457:(1945–1947) 8449:(1945–2001) 8441:(1944–1989) 8433:(1944–1951) 8403:(1943–2022) 8309:Definitions 7959:(2014–2017) 7951:(2014–2017) 7943:(2011–2023) 7918:(2002–2003) 7887:(1996–1997) 7862:(1992–1995) 7854:(1991–2003) 7838:(1987–2002) 7830:(1987–1989) 7822:(1986–1989) 7806:(1983–1987) 7804:Gukurahundi 7798:(1983–2009) 7782:(1977–1997) 7774:(1975–1979) 7766:(1974–1999) 7729:(1970–2003) 7727:Feyli Kurds 7721:(1966–1970) 7697:(1962–1996) 7689:(1956–1989) 7650:(1944–1948) 7642:(1944–1948) 7634:(1943–1945) 7626:(1942–1945) 7610:(1941–1945) 7602:(1941–1945) 7594:(1941–1945) 7586:(1941–1945) 7578:(1940–1942) 7570:(1939–1945) 7562:(1937–1938) 7546:(1937–1938) 7522:(1932–1933) 7506:(1930–1933) 7498:(1929–1932) 7490:(1926–1973) 7458:(1919–1933) 7450:(1918–1931) 7442:(1916–1917) 7432:(1916–1934) 7416:(1915–1917) 7408:(1915–1919) 7383:(1913–1922) 7343:(1912–1913) 7328:(1905–1907) 7320:(1904–1907) 7312:(1894–1896) 7296:(1888–1893) 7288:(1879–1913) 7278:Circassians 7272:(1850–1864) 7238:(1846–1873) 7230:(1830–1850) 7222:(1830–1847) 7189:(1869–1977) 7181:(1825–1832) 7166:(1785–2017) 7132:(1874–1996) 7109:(1648–1657) 7101:(1640–1649) 7093:(1636–1638) 7061:(1548–1872) 7037:(1492–1514) 7006:(1402–1496) 6998:(1393–1394) 6982:(1209–1229) 6966:(1069–1070) 6902:Before 1490 6744:Ethnic joke 6552:Tribal name 6537:Origin myth 6512:Mythomoteur 6437:Ethnic flag 6422:Development 6107:Netnography 6082:Ethnography 6072:Ethnocinema 6050:Ethnobotany 5977:Nationality 5326:February 8, 5290:February 8, 5242:February 8, 5069:October 29, 4794:October 29, 3192:Supremacism 3018:and prewar 2832:A group of 2799:Martin Shaw 2779:deportation 2717:nationalism 2709:nationalism 2448:Definitions 2400:Bosnian War 2347:border zone 2259:During the 2243:Balkan Wars 2062:deportation 2058:homogeneous 1697:Nonviolence 1692:LGBT rights 1657:Empowerment 1625:Anti-racism 1539:Segregation 1484:No kid zone 1278:Persecution 1191:Hate speech 1142:Gay bashing 1117:Ethnic joke 1074:Dog whistle 1019:Blood libel 706:Azerbaijani 602:Neopaganism 595:Persecution 561:Persecution 544:Persecution 507:Catholicism 434:Transphobia 417:Supremacism 372:Lesbophobia 287:Aporophobia 247:Anti-autism 82:Taste-based 77:Statistical 12803:Euphemisms 12782:Categories 12727:Stereotype 12722:Speciesism 12603:Oppression 12598:Oikophobia 12494:Allophilia 12478:Toleration 12335:Sodomy law 12228:Internment 12148:Witch-hunt 12026:Blackhawks 11956:Hate group 11944:Hate crime 11917:Gendercide 11907:Freak show 11897:Excellence 11857:Employment 11827:Defamation 11759:Vietnamese 11754:Venezuelan 11644:Lithuanian 11318:Falun Gong 11253:Xenophobia 11248:Vegaphobia 11231:Non-binary 11189:Pedophobia 11154:Homophobia 10966:Skin color 10926:Disability 10899:Attributes 10880:Structural 10563:Vietnamese 10336:Arab world 10234:Hate group 10224:Hate crime 10161:Xenophobia 10141:Scientific 10126:Linguistic 9967:See also: 9955:Xenophobia 9807:Internment 9792:Ethnocracy 9436:Revanchism 9093:Linguistic 9039:Ecological 8495:Riga trial 8346:Prevention 8291:Indigenous 8206:Incitement 8074:Gendercide 8035:Classicide 8028:Politicide 7989:Gaza Strip 7764:East Timor 7735:Bangladesh 7695:Guatemalan 7616:Sook Ching 7512:La Matanza 7236:California 6948:Bar Kokhba 6819:Xenophobia 6814:Xenophilia 6789:Indigenism 6724:Allophilia 6657:Ethnocracy 6547:Statistext 6477:Historical 6370:Indigenous 6322:South Asia 6258:Indigenous 5992:Population 5479:References 4976:Völkermord 4752:August 15, 4564:Civil Wars 4151:Al Jazeera 4102:August 31, 3972:August 31, 3888:August 31, 3197:Xenophobia 2820:following 2757:Asia Minor 2686:March 2024 2656:newspapers 2476:war crimes 2419:pronounced 2237:). A 1913 1979:Stereotype 1974:Speciesism 1855:Oppression 1850:Oikophobia 1746:Allophilia 1722:Toleration 1571:Sodomy law 1464:Internment 1378:Witch-hunt 1256:Blackhawks 1186:Hate group 1174:Hate crime 1147:Gendercide 1137:Freak show 1127:Excellence 1089:Employment 1059:Defamation 983:Vietnamese 978:Venezuelan 868:Lithuanian 534:Falun Gong 461:Xenophobia 456:Vegaphobia 439:Non-binary 397:Pedophobia 362:Homophobia 166:Skin color 126:Disability 97:Attributes 72:Structural 12700:Christian 12628:Prejudice 12576:Masculism 12524:Diversity 12318:religious 12293:Redlining 11892:Ethnocide 11852:Education 11744:Ukrainian 11679:Pakistani 11669:Mongolian 11597:Australia 11579:Hungarian 11534:Colombian 11514:Bulgarian 11396:Rastafari 11350:Ahmadiyya 11263:Religious 11241:Trans men 11199:Pregnancy 11134:Gayphobia 11129:Fatphobia 11024:Acephobia 11019:Arophobia 11003:Viewpoint 10744:Race card 10679:Alt-right 10479:Argentina 10440:Palestine 10358:Australia 10184:Apartheid 10172:of racism 9847:Apartheid 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