2692:" or "clinically depressed" really are more helpful or indicative of seriousness than possible alternatives. Oaks says that for decades he has been exploring the depths of sanism and has not yet found an end, and suggests it may be the most pernicious 'ism' because people tend to define themselves by their rationality and their core feelings. One possible response is to critique conceptions of normality and the problems associated with normative functioning around the world, although in some ways that could also potentially constitute a form of mentalism. After his 2012 accident breaking his neck and subsequent retirement, Oaks refers to himself as "PsychoQuad" on his personal blog.
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2416:, may be used in similar but not identical ways. While mentalism and sanism are used interchangeably, sanism is becoming predominant in certain circles, such as academics. Those who identify as mad, mad advocates, and in a socio-political context where sanism is gaining ground as a movement. The movement of sanism is an act of resistance among those who identify as mad, consumer survivors, and mental health advocates. In academia evidence of this movement can be found in the number of recent publications about sanism and social work practice.
2774:. If a recipient of mental health services disagrees with treatment or diagnosis, or does not change, they may be labeled as non-compliant, uncooperative, or treatment-resistant. This is despite the fact that the issue may be healthcare provider's inadequate understanding of the person or their problems, adverse medication effects, a poor match between the treatment and the person, stigma associated with the treatment, difficulty with access, cultural unacceptability, or many other issues.
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3134:. Specific sanist myths include relying on popular images of craziness; an 'obsession' with claims that mental problems can be easily faked and experts duped; assuming an absolute link between mental illness and dangerousness; an 'incessant' confusion and mixing up of different legal tests of mental status; and assuming that defendants acquitted on insanity defenses are likely to be released quickly. Although there are claims that
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attitudes and practices, which can lead to more distress, and so on in a vicious cycle. In addition, due to coming into contact with mental health services, people may become subject to the oppression of mentalism, since society (and mental health services themselves) have such negative attitudes towards people with a psychiatric diagnosis, thus further perpetuating oppression and discrimination.
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2592:(although they may think they are) or genuinely seeing the other point of view with respect. Some mental conditions can impair awareness and understanding in certain ways at certain times, but mentalist assumptions may lead others to erroneously believe that they necessarily understand the person's situation and needs better than they do themselves.
3068:, has defined sanism as "an irrational prejudice of the same quality and character as other irrational prejudices that cause and are reflected in prevailing social attitudes of racism, sexism, homophobia, and ethnic bigotry that permeates all aspects of mental disability law and affects all participants in the mental disability law system:
2955:, resulting in alienation from their original values, disappointment in "the system", and adoption of the cynical, mentalist beliefs that may pervade an organization. However, just as employees can be dismissed for disparaging sexual or ethnic remarks, it is argued that staff who are entrenched in negative
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British writer Clare Allen argues that even reclaimed slang terms such as "mad" are just not accurate. In addition, she sees the commonplace mis-use of concepts relating to mental health problems – including for example jokes about people hearing voices as if that automatically undermines their
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has some potential to help in this area, Perlin concludes that it is very difficult to weigh the truth or relevance of such results due to the many uncertainties and limitations, and as it may be either disregarded or over-hyped by scientists, lawyers or in the popular imagination. He believes "the
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fallacy. While some mental health problems can involve very substantial disability and can be very difficult to overcome in society, predictions based on prejudice and stereotypes can be self-fulfilling because individuals pick up on a message that they have no real hope, and realistic hope is said
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in the US. People began to recognize a pattern in how they were treated, a set of assumptions which most people seemed to hold about mental (ex-)patients regardless of whether they applied to any particular individual at any particular time – that they were incompetent, unable to do things for
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children are stereotyped in a process rife with racial, class and gender bias. Although intended to help some children, he contends that in reality it can be not merely a double-edged sword but a triple, quadruple or quintuple edged sword. The result of sanist prejudices and misconceptions, in the
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Sanist attitudes are prevalent in the teaching of law students, both overtly and covertly, according to Perlin. He notes that this impacts on the skills at the heart of lawyering such as "interviewing, investigating, counseling and negotiating", and on every critical moment of clinical experience:
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intended to support people facing various -isms, it has allegedly failed to address mentalism to any significant degree. The field has been accused, by social work professionals with experience of using services themselves, of failing to help people identify and address what is oppressing them; of
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when things are not agreed with or are found upsetting. But critics say that in the majority of cases this is actually due to the client having been treated in a disrespectful, judgmental, or dismissive manner. Nevertheless, such behavior may be justified by characterizing the client as demanding,
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Sanism in the legal profession can affect many people in communities who at some point in their life struggle with some degree of mental health problems, according to Perlin. This may unjustly limit their ability to legally resolve issues in their communities such as: "contract problems, property
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Some national government-funded charities view the issue as primarily a matter of stigmatizing attitudes within the general public, perhaps due to people not having enough contact with those (diagnosed with) mental illness, and one head of a schizophrenia charity has compared mentalism to the way
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and what might be considered mental health problems. Then, society's response to such distress may be to treat it within a system of medical and social care rather than (also) understanding and challenging the oppressions that gave rise to it, thus reinforcing the problem with further oppressive
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Mentalism at one extreme can lead to a categorical dividing of people into an empowered group assumed to be normal, healthy, reliable, and capable, and a powerless group assumed to be sick, disabled, crazy, unpredictable, and violent. This divide can justify inconsiderate treatment of the latter
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is "institutionally mentalist and has a lot of soul searching to do in the new
Millennium", including addressing the prejudice of its office staff. He suggested that when prejudice is applied by the very professionals who aspire to eradicate it, it raises the question of whether it will ever be
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that people with particular issues may find very difficult to break into or be valued by. There may also be individual rejection of people for strange behavior that is not considered culturally acceptable, or alternatively insensitivity to emotional states including suicidality, or denial that
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issue, because the problems it addresses are "important for all women because mentalism acts as a threat to all women" and "mentalism threatens women's families and children." A psychiatric survivor and professional has said that "Mentalism parallels sexism and racism in creating an oppressed
2967:, has also focused on negative interpersonal dynamics relating to care givers, especially within families. However, the point is also made in such views that institutional and group environments can be challenging from all sides, and that clear boundaries and rights are required for everyone.
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In addition, mentalism can lead to "poor" or "guarded" predictions of the future for a person, which could be an overly pessimistic view skewed by a narrow clinical experience. It could also be made impervious to contrary evidence because those who succeed can be discounted as having been
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Mentalism may lead people to assume that someone is not aware of what they are doing and that there is no point trying to communicate with them, despite the fact that they may well have a level of awareness and desire to connect even if they are acting in a seemingly irrational or
3111:, and all aspects of the criminal process (pretrial, trial and sentencing)." According to Perlin, judges are far from immune, tending to reflect sanist thinking that has deep roots within our culture. This results in judicial decisions based on stereotypes in all areas of
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unduly deferring to psychiatric or biomedical conventions particularly in regard to those deemed most unwell; and of failing to address its own discriminatory practices, including its conflicts of interest in its official role aiding the social control of patients through
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internationally, "there is a lot of sanism", and "disability organisations don't always 'get' mental health and don't want to be seen as mentally defective." Conversely, those coming from the mental health side may not view such conditions as disabilities in the same way.
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during his work representing Edward
Stephens, a mental health patient, in a legal case in the 1960s. Birnbaum was a physician, lawyer and mental health advocate who helped establish a constitutional right to treatment for psychiatric patients along with safeguards against
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This may be apparent in physical separation, including separate facilities or accommodation, or in lower standards for some than others. Mental health professionals may find themselves drawn into systems based on bureaucratic and financial imperatives and
3188:. In any area of law, he points out, two of the most common sanist myths are presuming that persons with mental disabilities are faking, or that such persons would not be disabled if they only tried harder. In this particular area, he concludes that
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underclass, in this case of people who have received psychiatric diagnosis and treatment". She reported that the most frequent complaint of psychiatric patients is that nobody listens, or only selectively in the course of trying to make a diagnosis.
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themselves, constantly in need of supervision and assistance, unpredictable, likely to be violent or irrational etc. It was realized that not only did the general public express mentalist ideas, so did ex-patients, a form of internalized
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that society needs to include and adapt to, in which case a mentalist attitude might be associated with assumptions and prejudices about what constitutes normal society and who is deserving of adaptations, support, or consideration.
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and some have responded to justifications for it – for example that it is necessary for clinical or administrative purposes. Others argue that most aspects could easily be expressed in a more accurate and less offensive manner.
3061:, and so the term "sanism" may be used in response. The concept is well known in the US legal community, being referred to in nearly 300 law review articles between 1992 and 2013, though is less well known in the medical community.
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A spiral of oppression experienced by some groups in society has been identified. Firstly, oppressions occur on the basis of perceived or actual differences (which may be related to broad group stereotypes such as racism, sexism,
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with multiple causes, but on whether people perceive mental health issues as shameful or worse than they are. Despite its use, a body of literature demonstrated widespread discrimination across many spheres of life, including
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Some clinical terms may be used far beyond the usual narrowly defined meanings, in a way that can obscure the regular human and social context of people's experiences. For example, having a bad time may be assumed to be
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Lindow, V. (1995) "Power and rights: the psychiatric system survivor movement", in Jack, R. Empowerment in
Community Care. London: Chapman and Hall. Cited by Kelly, A. Disability and Social Exclusion. University of
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in monitoring for adverse effects of medications (or other interventions), or to viewing such effects as more acceptable than they would be for others. This has been compared to instances of maltreatment based on
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and others may tend to equate subduing a person with treatment; a quiet client who causes no community disturbance may be deemed improved no matter how miserable or incapacitated that person may feel as a result.
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may be described as treatment regardless of benefit to the person; regular activities like listening to music, engaging in exercise or sporting activities, or being in a particular physical or social environment
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2573:. Further discrimination may involve labeling some as "high functioning" and some as "low-functioning"; while this may enable the targeting of resources, in both categories human behaviors are recast in
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credibility – as equivalent to racist or sexist phrases that would be considered obviously discriminatory. She characterises such usage as indicating an underlying psychophobia and contempt.
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There is also widespread discrimination by jurors, who Perlin characterizes as demonstrating "irrational brutality, prejudice, hostility, and hatred" towards defendants where there is an
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key to an answer here is a consideration of sanism", because to a great extent it can "overwhelm all other evidence and all other issues in this conversation". He suggests that "only
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2978:(also known as clinical social work) has appeared to have more potential than others to understand and assist those using services, and has talked a lot academically about
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individuals. She argues that this causes the legal system to fail to properly defend patients' rights to refuse potentially harmful medications; to investigate deaths in
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Susan Fraser, a lawyer in Canada who specializes in advocating for vulnerable people, argues that sanism is based on fear of the unknown, reinforced by stereotypes that
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He has also addressed the topic of sanism as it affects which sexual freedoms or protections are afforded to psychiatric patients, especially in forensic facilities.
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People suffering such oppression within society may be drawn to more radical political action, but sanist structures and attitudes have also been identified in
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4073:'There Must Be Some Way Out of Here': Why the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is Potentially the Best Weapon in the Fight Against Sanism
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may cause people to re-experience the helplessness, pain, despair, and rage that accompanied the trauma, and yet attempts to cope with this may be labeled as
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Reaume, Geoffrey (July 2002). "Lunatic to patient to person: nomenclature in psychiatric history and the influence of patients' activism in North
America".
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Interpretations of behaviors, and applications of treatments, may be done in an judgmental way because of an underlying mentalism, according to critics of
2688:", "crazy" or "bonkers". While acknowledging that some choose not to use such words in any sense, he questions whether medical terms like "mentally ill", "
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at the
University of Nevada and Director of Mojave Community Services) and Pat Risser (a mental health consultant and self-described former recipient of
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and other institutions in an equal way to others; and to fail to properly listen to and respect the voices of mental health consumers and survivors.
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promoted through the media spreading fears of unpredictability and dangerousness; and to people fearing to disclose or talk about their experiences.
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3127:"the initial interview, case preparation, case conferences, planning litigation (or negotiation) strategy, trial preparation, trial and appeal."
2548:, referring to discrimination against those who are (perceived as) disabled. In terms of the brain, there is the movement for the recognition of
2533:. However, the use of new "isms" has also been questioned on the grounds that they can be perceived as divisive, out of date, or a form of undue
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Poole, Jennifer M.; Jivraj, Tania; Arslanian, Araxi; Bellows, Kristen; Chiasson, Sheila; Hakimy, Husnia; Pasini, Jessica; Reid, Jenna (2012).
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that are in force in some countries, and which require a person to say that they have a disability and to prove that they meet the criteria.
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facilitating current or former psychiatric patients to exhibit artwork, has referred to the attitude of the general public as psychophobia.
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Wienera, Diane; Ribeiro, Rebecca; Warner, Kurt (22 July 2009). "Mentalism, disability rights and modern eugenics in a 'brave new world'".
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New Law and Ethics in Mental Health
Advance Directives: The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Right to Choose
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2362:, insults, indignities, and overt discrimination. Some examples of these include refusal of service and the denial of human rights.
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Perlin notes that sanism affects the theory and practice of law in largely invisible and socially acceptable ways, based mainly on "
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angry or needing limits. To overcome this, it has been suggested that power-sharing should be cultivated and that when respectful
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4008:'His Brain Has Been Mismanaged with Great Skill': How Will Jurors Respond to Neuroimaging Testimony in Insanity Defense Cases?
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4343:"The Madwoman in the Academy, or, Revealing the Invisible Straightjacket: Theorizing and Teaching Saneism and Sane Privilege"
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context of academic competition, is that "we are left with a system that is, in many important ways, stunningly incoherent".
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With regard to legal protections against discrimination, mentalism may only be covered under general frameworks such as the
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4307:. 4th Annual Clinical Forum on Mental Health: Turning Knowledge into Practice. (North Dakota Department of Human Services).
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2537:. The same criticisms, in this view, may not apply so much to broader and more accepted terms like 'discrimination' or '
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2816:. Mentalism has also been linked to neglect in failing to check for, or fully respect, people's past experiences of
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Clinicians may blame clients for not being sufficiently motivated to work on treatment goals or recovery, and as
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and the US, but had not gained general currency. This left a conceptual gap filled in part by the concept of '
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etc.). This can have negative physical, social, economic and psychological effects on individuals, including
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racism may be more prevalent when people don't spend time together throughout life. A psychologist who runs
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3123:. Moreover, courts are often impatient and attribute mental problems to "weak character or poor resolve".
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4141:"'Simplify You, Classify You': Stigma, Stereotypes and Civil Rights in Disability Classification Systems"
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breaks down, the first thing that needs to be asked is whether mentalist prejudices have been expressed.
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group and expectations of poorer standards of living for them, for which they may be expected to express
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Large, Matthew; Ryan, Christopher (November 2012). "Sanism, stigma and the belief in dangerousness".
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The former director of a US-based psychiatric survivors organization focused on rights and freedoms,
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Metaminorities and Mental Health: A model of vulnerability for Black and
Minority Ethnic Queer Folk
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that states a
Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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In terms of the legal system itself, the law is traditionally based on technical definitions of
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A Wilson; P Beresford
British Journal of Social Work; Oct 2000; 30, 5; Research Library pg. 553
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keeping people living on handouts; to interpersonal discrimination hindering relationships; to
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Intersectionalities: A Global
Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice
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Mental Disability, Violence, and Future Dangerousness: Myths Behind the Presumption of Guilt
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2669:), may be referred to as therapy; all sorts of responses and behaviors may be assumed to be
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Coni Kalinowski (psychiatrist) and Pat Risser (former recipient of mental health services)
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2017:
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3387:. Vancouver, Canada: Centre for the Study of Gender, Social Inequities and Mental Health.
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Similar issues have been identified by Perlin in how children are dealt with in regard to
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document which has the potential to be the best tool to challenge sanist discrimination.
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Mentalism may be codified in clinical terminology in subtle ways, including in the basic
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MindFreedom International. Retrieved 12 December 2011, when stating Last Modified 9/9/11
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need to be removed from service organizations. A related theoretical approach, known as
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The discrimination can be so fundamental and unquestioned that it can stop people truly
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or inferiority, rather than facilitate real understanding of people and their issues.
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Eleventh Colloquium on the Legal Profession: Professionalism and Serving Communities
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Akron Law Review, Vol. 42, No. 2, NYLS Legal Studies Research Paper (free full text)
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Hospitalized Patients and the Right to Sexual Interaction: Beyond the Last Frontier
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From Psychiatric Patient to Citizen: Overcoming Discrimination and Social Exclusion
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Experts by experience: strengthening the mental health consumer voice in Tasmania
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3334:"Sanism, 'Mental Health', and Social Work/Education: A Review and Call to Action"
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This article is about a form of discrimination. For other uses of Mentalism, see
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3890:
Chapter 17: Not in my back yard: Stigma from a personal perspective. Routledge
3165:
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2666:
2653:
2628:). There is some ongoing debate as to which terms and criteria may communicate
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2012:
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Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management
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4099:
Looking at Non-Institutional Mental Disability Law Through the Sanism Filter
2868:. At the same time, a trait or condition might be considered more a form of
2492:
As of 1998 these terms have been adopted by some consumers/survivors in the
6078:
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5793:
5760:
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4305:
Overcoming the Language of Oppression: Promoting Cultural Change with Words
4262:
3988:
3909:
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3653:
3645:
3558:
3404:"ADA and Persons with Mental Disabilities: Can Sanist Attitudes Be Undone?"
3151:
3135:
3116:
3096:
3026:
On a society-wide level, mentalism has been linked to people being kept in
2856:
2578:
2307:. This discrimination and oppression are based on numerous factors such as
2044:
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3161:
problems, domestic relations problems, and trusts and estates problems."
3035:
2975:
2526:
2518:
2476:. The term became more widely known when she used it in 1978 in her book
2308:
1938:
1898:
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1725:
1685:
1519:
1432:
1383:
1358:
1258:
950:
673:
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611:
526:
51:
2478:
On Our Own: Patient Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System,
2437:
2377:
6254:
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6021:
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5755:
5713:
5675:
5483:
5471:
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4780:
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4746:
4681:
4520:
4007:
3211:
3088:
2956:
2840:
2808:
2791:
2771:
2742: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2681:
2506:
2486:
2408:", have become established in some contexts, although concepts such as
2344:
2296:
2220:
2215:
2096:
2091:
1987:
1963:
1812:
1705:
1663:
1619:
1427:
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1388:
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700:
695:
666:
601:
432:
2831:
T-shirt intended to show the possibility and individuality of recovery
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5820:
5419:
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3929:
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2999:
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2574:
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2522:
2121:
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1770:
1363:
466:
4072:
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2365:
Mentalism does not only describe how individuals are treated by the
6120:
5950:
5877:
5528:
5454:
5359:
5319:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4556:
4098:
4048:
3605:"The Ex-Patients' Movement: Where We've Been and Where We're Going"
3223:
3203:
3108:
3058:
3019:
2629:
2086:
1908:
1827:
1472:
1398:
1303:
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541:
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476:
16:
Discrimination against people with mental conditions or impairments
3831:
Let's find language more inclusive than the phrase "mentally ill"!
2449:. Since first noticing the term in 1980, New York legal professor
2424:
4631:
4525:
4505:
4478:
4453:
4357:
3756:"Off to Hollywood: Local mental health advocate to receive award"
3264:
3227:
3077:
3027:
3008:
2685:
2670:
2589:
2545:
2530:
2413:
551:
437:
417:
392:
367:
290:
4023:
Competence in the law: from legal theory to clinical application
3628:"Stigma, discrimination and social exclusion: What's in a word?"
5580:
4611:
4510:
4488:
4433:
4114:
Sanism and the Legal Profession: Why Mad People Should Be Angry
3207:
3054:
2813:
2557:
2405:
2369:. The concept also encapsulates how individuals are treated by
2316:
1524:
531:
422:
400:
347:
4202:
2nd Global Conference, Sexualities: Bodies, Desires, Practices
3907:
Olden, Mark (23 January 2003). "Obituary: Pete Shaughnessey".
3804:
3511:
5590:
4438:
4075:
New York Law School, PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOL. & L. 462 (2013)
2817:
1534:
352:
3886:
Tom Mason, Caroline Carlisle, Caroline Watkins (eds) (2001)
3267:(umbrella term for all forms of hierarchical discrimination)
6202:
6031:
3924:
Chan, Wendy; Chunn, Dorothy E.; Menzies, Robert J. (2005).
3842:
3331:
3312:""Breaking open the bone": Storying, Sanism, and Mad Grief"
3255:
List of disability-related terms with negative connotations
3119:
law, expressed in biased language and showing contempt for
3092:
2514:
2401:
2348:
2328:
2324:
2168:
1997:
84:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
3875:'Anti-oppressive practice': emancipation or appropriation?
3460:"Judi Chamberlin, 65, Advocate for Mental Health Patients"
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3143:
has the potential power to 'strip the sanist facade'."
3103:." He believes that its "corrosive effects have warped
3856:"Loose-talking psychophobes show nothing but contempt"
3316:
Mad Matters: A Critical Reader in Canadian Mad Studies
2907:
2684:, has advocated the taking back of words like "mad", "
4216:"A Libertarian Perspective on Depression And Madness"
3691:
3314:. In LeFrancois, B.; Menzies, R.; Reaume, G. (eds.).
3148:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2560:) has occasionally been used with a similar meaning.
2500:', but this has been criticized for focusing less on
2388:
coined the term "mentalism" in a chapter of the book
4311:
2859:
or as not having a genuine form of a disorder – the
2480:
which for some time became the standard text of the
4088:
20 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 517 (1992-1994)
3235:someone has issues if they appear to act normally.
2384:, a physician, lawyer, and mental health advocate.
4243:Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
2959:, attitudes, and beliefs about those labeled with
2358:Mentalism may cause harm through a combination of
6166:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
4167:Racism and Mental Health: Prejudice and Suffering
3805:Discrimination against mental illness on the rise
2132:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
6307:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3923:
207:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
5826:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
3327:
3325:
3305:
3303:
3301:
2876:
2472:coined the term mentalism in a book chapter of
2325:ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
1776:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
5308:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1252:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
4373:
3995:
3926:Women, Madness and the Law: A Feminist Reader
2257:
3512:Coni Kalinowski and Pat Risser (July 2000).
3433:. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers. p.
3322:
3298:
3146:Perlin has suggested that the international
2708:Graffiti on a mental health advocacy service
5524:List of people killed for being transgender
4170:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 77.
3981:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.10.msoc1-1310
3539:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
3360:
3358:
3310:Poole, Jennifer M.; Ward, Jennifer (2013).
2373:, the legal system and other institutions.
1468:List of people killed for being transgender
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4380:
4366:
3602:
3596:
3530:
3427:Smith, Dorothy E.; David, Sara J. (1975).
3426:
2910:. Please do not remove this message until
2835:Treatments that do not support choice and
2264:
2250:
4240:
3888:Stigma and Social Exclusion in Healthcare
3722:InforMed Health Publishing & Training
3385:Second Annual Critical Inquiries Workshop
3309:
2930:Learn how and when to remove this message
2758:Learn how and when to remove this message
256:Learn how and when to remove this message
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
4647:Social determinants of health in poverty
4340:
4278:Parry, John Weston (26 September 2013).
3355:
2941:
2906:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2826:
2703:
2642:
2455:
2423:
567:Social determinants of health in poverty
3479:
2974:have themselves been criticized. While
2611:
6308:
4302:
4138:
4110:
4046:
4019:
3962:
3571:
3536:
3514:"Identifying and Overcoming Mentalism"
3457:
3401:
3373:
2577:terms.According to Coni Kalinowski (a
2329:FASD (fetal alcohol spectrum disorder)
4361:
4277:
4191:Nair, Roshan das (30 November 2005).
3906:
3853:
3666:
3625:
2677:of drugs may be termed side effects.
2315:. Mentalism impacts individuals with
6336:Prejudice and discrimination by type
6290:
5330:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4652:Social determinants of mental health
4190:
4163:
3753:
3720:Identifying and Overcoming Mentalism
3064:Michael Perlin, Professor of Law at
2880:
2740:adding citations to reliable sources
2711:
1274:Capital punishment for homosexuality
572:Social determinants of mental health
179:
124:
66:
25:
5450:Genital modification and mutilation
4146:Georgia State University Law Review
3963:Perlin, Michael L. (October 2013).
3807:June 2011, The Uniter, Vol.16 No.15
3367:
3318:. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.
3286:Violent behavior in autistic people
2355:, and other cognitive impairments.
2299:of individuals perceived to have a
1394:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
4387:
4234:
4139:Perlin, Michael L. (Spring 2009).
3451:
3007:eradicated. Shaughnessy committed
2635:Some oppose the entire process as
2563:
140:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
6347:
4164:Bhui, Kamaldeep (25 April 2002).
3458:Hevesi, Denis (30 January 2010).
41:This article has multiple issues.
6289:
6280:
6279:
5929:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
5766:Law for Protection of the Nation
5666:White genocide conspiracy theory
3854:Allen, Clare (5 December 2007).
3609:The Journal of Mind and Behavior
3603:Chamberlin, Judi (Summer 1990).
3347:
2885:
2716:
2552:. The term 'psychophobia' (from
2544:There is also the umbrella term
2502:institutionalized discrimination
2453:subsequently continued its use.
1887:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1716:Law for Protection of the Nation
1610:White genocide conspiracy theory
289:
184:
150:guide to writing better articles
129:
71:
30:
5771:MSM blood donation restrictions
5519:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
4208:
4184:
4157:
4132:
4111:Fraser, Susan (November 2008).
4104:
4091:
4078:
4065:
4040:
4013:
3956:
3946:
3917:
3900:
3880:
3868:
3847:
3836:
3823:
3820:Los Angeles Times, 12 July 1998
3810:
3797:
3778:
3747:
3725:
3660:
3619:
3565:
2727:needs additional citations for
1721:MSM blood donation restrictions
1463:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
49:or discuss these issues on the
5784:(as religious or racial quota)
4341:Wolframe, PhebeAnn M. (2013).
4222:. 29 July 2005. Archived from
3505:
3420:
3395:
3048:disability discrimination acts
3016:psychiatric survivors movement
2620:used by psychiatry (as in the
2419:
1734:(as religious or racial quota)
1:
6198:Second-generation gender bias
5914:Constitutional colorblindness
4642:Social determinants of health
4049:"Sanism in Clinical Teaching"
3754:Russ, Jeff (20 August 2011).
3551:10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00130-9
3487:"Disability History Timeline"
3377:Sanism in Theory and Practice
3291:
3196:
3030:as second class citizens; to
2807:Mentalism has been linked to
2482:psychiatric survivor movement
2395:
2164:Second-generation gender bias
1872:Constitutional colorblindness
562:Social determinants of health
4347:Disability Studies Quarterly
4101:NYLS Law Review, Forthcoming
3374:Ingram, Richard (May 2011).
3175:
3105:involuntary civil commitment
2877:Institutional discrimination
7:
6109:Medical model of disability
5961:Hate speech laws by country
4303:Risser, Pat (14 May 2008).
4126:Law Society of Upper Canada
4047:Perlin, Michael L. (2003).
4020:Perlin, Michael L. (2008).
3402:Perlin, Michael L. (1993).
3238:
3226:communities. This includes
3121:mental health professionals
2912:conditions to do so are met
2784:mental health professionals
2595:Reportedly even within the
2400:The terms mentalism, from "
2371:mental health professionals
2075:Medical model of disability
1919:Hate speech laws by country
10:
6352:
6218:Social model of disability
4697:Discrimination against men
3784:Anglicare Tasmania (2009)
3276:Social model of disability
2864:to be a key foundation of
2802:
2597:disability rights movement
2460:"Mentalism" was coined by
2184:Social model of disability
617:Discrimination against men
21:Mentalism (disambiguation)
18:
6275:
6014:
5891:
5684:
5571:Opposition to immigration
5295:
4942:
4789:
4539:
4489:Race / Ethnicity
4426:
4395:
4326:10.1080/09687590903010974
4071:Michael L. Perlin (2013)
3843:David Oaks' personal blog
3572:Weller, Penelope (2012).
3409:Journal of Law and Health
3141:therapeutic jurisprudence
3032:employment discrimination
2972:mental health professions
2353:intellectual disabilities
1515:Opposition to immigration
401:Race / Ethnicity
5566:Occupational segregation
5335:Compulsory sterilization
4314:Disability & Society
4286:Rowman & Littlefield
4255:10.1177/0004867412440193
3932:Cavendish. p. 257.
3633:Journal of Mental Health
3430:Women Look at Psychiatry
3107:law, institutional law,
3018:has been described as a
2992:"user/survivor" movement
2980:anti-oppressive practice
2699:
2474:Women Look at Psychiatry
2390:Women Look at Psychiatry
1510:Occupational segregation
1279:Compulsory sterilization
193:This article includes a
6326:Mental health activists
6094:Internalized oppression
5956:Fighting Discrimination
5946:Fat acceptance movement
5904:Anti-discrimination law
5544:Native American mascots
3389:Simon Fraser University
3004:National Health Service
2428:"Sanism" was coined by
2291:refers to the systemic
2060:Internalized oppression
1914:Fighting Discrimination
1904:Fat acceptance movement
1862:Anti-discrimination law
1488:Native American mascots
222:more precise citations.
6213:Social identity threat
6186:Reverse discrimination
6176:Racial color blindness
5656:Violence against women
5636:Sex-selective abortion
3818:Art Museum of the Mind
3646:10.1080/09638239817932
3497:. 2002. Archived from
3041:
2985:involuntary commitment
2947:
2946:An institutional label
2832:
2709:
2648:
2583:mental health services
2465:
2447:involuntary commitment
2433:
2179:Social identity threat
2152:Reverse discrimination
2142:Racial color blindness
1600:Violence against women
1580:Sex-selective abortion
93:by rewriting it in an
6181:Religious intolerance
6141:Political correctness
5971:Intersex human rights
5919:Cultural assimilation
5601:Religious persecution
5365:Disability hate crime
3791:15 April 2012 at the
3182:learning disabilities
3170:psychiatric hospitals
3002:, concluded that the
2945:
2870:individual difference
2830:
2707:
2646:
2618:diagnostic categories
2535:political correctness
2459:
2427:
2404:", and sanism, from "
2341:personality disorders
2147:Religious intolerance
2107:Political correctness
1929:Intersex human rights
1877:Cultural assimilation
1545:Religious persecution
1309:Disability hate crime
5586:Political repression
4592:Anti-left handedness
4582:Anti-intellectualism
3965:"Sanism and the Law"
3735:. medicinenevada.com
3733:"medicinenevada.com"
3675:Macmillan Publishers
3501:on 20 December 2013.
3260:Mental health stigma
3084:and lay witnesses."
2736:improve this article
2662:solitary confinement
2612:Clinical terminology
2412:, and in some cases
2305:cognitive impairment
1530:Political repression
512:Anti-left handedness
502:Anti-intellectualism
6089:Historical eugenics
5626:Segregation academy
5606:Religious terrorism
5395:Enemy of the people
5303:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
4829:Jehovah's Witnesses
4722:Perpetual foreigner
4054:Clinical Law Review
3766:on 11 November 2013
3150:is a revolutionary
3101:deindividualization
3066:New York Law School
2899:of this section is
2360:social inequalities
2055:Historical eugenics
1570:Segregation academy
1550:Religious terrorism
1339:Enemy of the people
1247:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
757:Jehovah's Witnesses
642:Perpetual foreigner
6001:Social integration
5996:Self-determination
5986:Racial integration
5934:Diversity training
5924:Cultural pluralism
5899:Affirmative action
5799:Racial segregation
5709:Crime of apartheid
5611:Religious violence
5121:Indigenous people
4516:Sexual orientation
4220:The Icarus Project
4084:Periln, ML (1994)
4006:Perlin, M. (2009)
3677:. pp. 16–17.
3667:Sayce, L. (2000).
3626:Sayce, L. (1998).
3465:The New York Times
3232:social hierarchies
3216:emotional distress
2948:
2837:self-determination
2833:
2782:way. In addition,
2710:
2649:
2466:
2434:
2321:learning disorders
1959:Social integration
1954:Self-determination
1944:Racial integration
1892:Diversity training
1882:Cultural pluralism
1857:Affirmative action
1749:Racial segregation
1659:Crime of apartheid
1555:Religious violence
1057:Indigenous people
428:Sexual orientation
195:list of references
95:encyclopedic style
82:is written like a
6321:Disability rights
6303:
6302:
6171:Racism by country
6099:Intersectionality
6084:Heteronormativity
5883:Voter suppression
5631:Sexual harassment
5430:Forced conversion
5350:Cultural genocide
5020:African Americans
4839:post–Cold War era
4824:Eastern Orthodoxy
4577:Anti-drug addicts
4572:Anti-homelessness
4499:Scientific racism
4295:978-1-4422-2405-6
4249:(11): 1099–1100.
4177:978-1-84310-076-8
3495:Temple University
3186:special education
2965:expressed emotion
2940:
2939:
2932:
2849:attention-seeking
2768:
2767:
2760:
2606:The Living Museum
2451:Michael L. Perlin
2274:
2273:
2137:Racism by country
2065:Intersectionality
2050:Heteronormativity
1833:Voter suppression
1575:Sexual harassment
1374:Forced conversion
1294:Cultural genocide
956:African Americans
767:post–Cold War era
752:Eastern Orthodoxy
497:Anti-drug addicts
492:Anti-homelessness
411:Scientific racism
266:
265:
258:
248:
247:
240:
178:
177:
170:
144:used on Knowledge
142:encyclopedic tone
123:
122:
115:
64:
6343:
6293:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6223:Social privilege
6208:Social exclusion
6136:Police brutality
6057:Multiculturalism
6027:Amatonormativity
5858:Social exclusion
5694:Age of candidacy
5494:Homeless dumping
5400:Ethnic cleansing
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4337:
4308:
4299:
4274:
4228:
4227:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4119:
4108:
4102:
4095:
4089:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4017:
4011:
4004:
3993:
3992:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3898:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3851:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3827:
3821:
3814:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3762:. Archived from
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3729:
3723:
3716:
3689:
3688:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3271:Social Darwinism
3132:insanity defense
2996:Pete Shaughnessy
2961:mental disorders
2935:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2861:no true Scotsman
2763:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2720:
2712:
2647:David Oaks, 2009
2539:social exclusion
2440:" was coined by
2380:" was coined by
2266:
2259:
2252:
2189:Social privilege
2174:Social exclusion
2102:Police brutality
2023:Multiculturalism
1993:Amatonormativity
1808:Social exclusion
1644:Age of candidacy
1438:Homeless dumping
1344:Ethnic cleansing
293:
270:
269:
261:
254:
243:
236:
232:
229:
223:
218:this article by
209:inline citations
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
152:for suggestions.
148:See Knowledge's
133:
132:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6271:
6146:Polyculturalism
6042:Civil liberties
6010:
5991:Reappropriation
5892:Countermeasures
5887:
5816:Racial steering
5782:Numerus clausus
5686:
5680:
5405:Ethnic conflict
5340:Corrective rape
5291:
4938:
4785:
4677:HIV/AIDS stigma
4535:
4484:Mental disorder
4422:
4391:
4386:
4296:
4237:
4235:Further reading
4232:
4231:
4226:on 21 May 2013.
4214:
4213:
4209:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4162:
4158:
4137:
4133:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4018:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3975:(10): 878–885.
3961:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3922:
3918:
3905:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3837:
3828:
3824:
3815:
3811:
3802:
3798:
3793:Wayback Machine
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3717:
3692:
3685:
3665:
3661:
3624:
3620:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3570:
3566:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3425:
3421:
3400:
3396:
3380:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3346:
3330:
3323:
3308:
3299:
3294:
3250:Franco Basaglia
3245:Disability flag
3241:
3199:
3184:, including in
3178:
3044:
2998:, a founder of
2936:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2905:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2805:
2764:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2733:
2721:
2702:
2675:adverse effects
2614:
2566:
2564:Social division
2511:parental rights
2470:Judi Chamberlin
2462:Judi Chamberlin
2442:Morton Birnbaum
2430:Morton Birnbaum
2422:
2398:
2386:Judi Chamberlin
2382:Morton Birnbaum
2301:mental disorder
2270:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2112:Polyculturalism
2008:Civil liberties
1980:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1949:Reappropriation
1849:
1848:Countermeasures
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1766:Racial steering
1732:Numerus clausus
1636:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1349:Ethnic conflict
1284:Corrective rape
1239:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
881:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
719:
709:
708:
707:
706:
705:
597:HIV/AIDS stigma
459:
451:
450:
449:
448:
447:
397:Mental disorder
340:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
301:
262:
251:
250:
249:
244:
233:
227:
224:
213:
199:related reading
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
147:
138:This article's
134:
130:
119:
108:
102:
99:
91:help improve it
88:
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6349:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6331:Neurodiversity
6328:
6323:
6318:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6191:Reverse racism
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6161:Prisoner abuse
6158:
6153:
6151:Power distance
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6069:Ethnic penalty
6066:
6065:
6064:
6062:Neurodiversity
6059:
6049:
6047:Dehumanization
6044:
6039:
6037:Cisnormativity
6034:
6029:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6015:Related topics
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5873:State religion
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5809:Nuremberg Laws
5806:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:Ghetto benches
5748:
5746:Gerrymandering
5743:
5738:
5733:
5731:Gender pay gap
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5685:Discriminatory
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Lavender scare
5511:
5509:Kill Haole Day
5506:
5504:Indian rolling
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5390:Eliminationism
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5325:Cancel culture
5322:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5299:
5297:
5296:Manifestations
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5192:Middle Eastern
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5012:
5007:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4934:Zoroastrianism
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4861:Untouchability
4858:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4687:Leprosy stigma
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4389:Discrimination
4385:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4338:
4320:(5): 599–610.
4309:
4300:
4294:
4275:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4207:
4183:
4176:
4156:
4131:
4103:
4090:
4077:
4064:
4039:
4032:
4012:
3994:
3969:Virtual Mentor
3955:
3945:
3938:
3916:
3899:
3879:
3867:
3846:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3803:Arlen Kasdorf
3796:
3777:
3746:
3724:
3690:
3683:
3659:
3640:(4): 331–343.
3618:
3595:
3589:978-1136159565
3588:
3582:. p. 55.
3564:
3529:
3504:
3478:
3450:
3444:978-0889740006
3443:
3419:
3394:
3366:
3354:
3321:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3198:
3195:
3177:
3174:
3043:
3040:
2953:social control
2938:
2937:
2920:September 2022
2893:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2804:
2801:
2766:
2765:
2748:September 2022
2724:
2722:
2715:
2701:
2698:
2654:decompensation
2613:
2610:
2565:
2562:
2550:neurodiversity
2529:and access to
2421:
2418:
2397:
2394:
2367:general public
2313:neurodiversity
2293:discrimination
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:Reverse racism
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2127:Prisoner abuse
2124:
2119:
2117:Power distance
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Ethnic penalty
2032:
2031:
2030:
2028:Neurodiversity
2025:
2015:
2013:Dehumanization
2010:
2005:
2003:Cisnormativity
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1979:Related topics
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:State religion
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1759:Nuremberg Laws
1756:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:Ghetto benches
1698:
1696:Gerrymandering
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Gender pay gap
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Lavender scare
1455:
1453:Kill Haole Day
1450:
1448:Indian rolling
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Eliminationism
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Cancel culture
1266:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1238:Manifestations
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Middle Eastern
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
969:
968:
963:
958:
948:
943:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
885:
884:
883:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
865:
864:
862:Zoroastrianism
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
838:
837:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
793:
792:
791:
789:Untouchability
786:
776:
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
739:
734:
729:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
714:
711:
710:
704:
703:
698:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
671:
670:
669:
664:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
607:Leprosy stigma
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
463:
462:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
414:
413:
408:
398:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
344:
343:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
305:
304:
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
286:
285:
283:Discrimination
279:
278:
264:
263:
246:
245:
228:September 2022
203:external links
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
158:September 2022
137:
135:
128:
121:
120:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6348:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6296:
6288:
6286:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:Social stigma
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:State atheism
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Jim Crow laws
5802:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5789:One-drop rule
5787:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5704:Blood quantum
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:Victimisation
5649:
5647:
5646:Trans bashing
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5616:Religious war
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Racialization
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5467:Glass ceiling
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Ethnic hatred
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Counter-jihad
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5135:United States
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4998:United States
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Protestantism
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:LDS or Mormon
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Transmisogyny
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Gerontophobia
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:Anti-intersex
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Anti-albinism
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Institutional
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4203:
4196:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4153:(3): 607–639.
4152:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4115:
4107:
4100:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4074:
4068:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4033:9780470267905
4029:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3949:
3941:
3939:1-904385-09-5
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3913:. p. 22.
3912:
3911:
3903:
3897:
3896:0-415-22200-1
3893:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3826:
3819:
3813:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3765:
3761:
3760:Times-Gazette
3757:
3750:
3734:
3728:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3686:
3684:0-333-69890-8
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3615:(3): 323–336.
3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3545:(4): 405–26.
3544:
3540:
3533:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2931:
2923:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2797:communication
2793:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2762:
2759:
2751:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2725:This section
2723:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2658:incarceration
2655:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:social stigma
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:schizophrenia
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Social stigma
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:State atheism
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:Jim Crow laws
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:One-drop rule
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Blood quantum
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Victimisation
1593:
1591:
1590:Trans bashing
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Religious war
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:Racialization
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:Glass ceiling
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Ethnic hatred
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:Counter-jihad
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:United States
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
935:
934:United States
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
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886:
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850:
848:
847:Protestantism
845:
843:
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832:
831:
828:
822:
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762:LDS or Mormon
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730:
728:
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684:Transmisogyny
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588:
587:Gerontophobia
585:
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513:
510:
508:
507:Anti-intersex
505:
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488:
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482:Anti-albinism
480:
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309:Institutional
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80:This article
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
6079:Gender-blind
5966:Human rights
5794:Racial quota
5781:
5761:Jewish quota
5741:Gerontocracy
5736:Gender roles
5714:Disabilities
5699:Blood purity
5671:Wife selling
5661:White flight
5641:Slut-shaming
5621:Scapegoating
5539:Murder music
5212:Palestinians
5030:South Africa
5015:Black people
4993:South Africa
4814:Christianity
4804:Baháʼí Faith
4732:Sectarianism
4672:Heterosexism
4637:Ephebiphobia
4602:Antisemitism
4597:Anti-Masonry
4483:
4464:Hair texture
4350:
4346:
4317:
4313:
4304:
4280:
4246:
4242:
4224:the original
4219:
4210:
4193:
4186:
4166:
4159:
4150:
4144:
4134:
4113:
4106:
4097:Perlin, ML.
4093:
4080:
4067:
4058:
4052:
4042:
4022:
4015:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3948:
3925:
3919:
3910:The Guardian
3908:
3902:
3882:
3870:
3861:The Guardian
3859:
3849:
3838:
3825:
3812:
3799:
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:the original
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3727:
3669:
3662:
3637:
3631:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3574:
3567:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3507:
3499:the original
3490:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3463:
3453:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3407:
3397:
3376:
3369:
3341:
3337:
3315:
3221:
3200:
3179:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:human rights
3145:
3136:neuroimaging
3129:
3125:
3097:superstition
3086:
3074:fact finders
3063:
3052:
3045:
3025:
3013:
2994:in England,
2989:
2969:
2949:
2926:
2917:
2895:
2857:misdiagnosed
2853:
2845:manipulation
2834:
2806:
2789:
2780:self-harming
2776:
2769:
2754:
2745:
2734:Please help
2729:verification
2726:
2694:
2679:
2650:
2634:
2615:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2579:psychiatrist
2575:pathological
2567:
2543:
2491:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2435:
2399:
2389:
2375:
2364:
2357:
2289:psychophobia
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2045:Gender-blind
1924:Human rights
1744:Racial quota
1731:
1711:Jewish quota
1691:Gerontocracy
1686:Gender roles
1664:Disabilities
1649:Blood purity
1615:Wife selling
1605:White flight
1585:Slut-shaming
1565:Scapegoating
1483:Murder music
1148:Palestinians
966:South Africa
951:Black people
929:South Africa
742:Christianity
732:Baháʼí Faith
652:Sectarianism
592:Heterosexism
557:Ephebiphobia
522:Antisemitism
517:Anti-Masonry
378:Hair texture
267:
252:
234:
225:
214:Please help
206:
164:
155:
139:
109:
100:
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
5981:Nonviolence
5976:LGBT rights
5941:Empowerment
5909:Anti-racism
5831:Segregation
5776:No kid zone
5576:Persecution
5489:Hate speech
5440:Gay bashing
5415:Ethnic joke
5370:Dog whistle
5315:Blood libel
5010:Azerbaijani
4914:Neopaganism
4907:Persecution
4873:Persecution
4856:Persecution
4819:Catholicism
4754:Transphobia
4737:Supremacism
4692:Lesbophobia
4607:Aporophobia
4567:Anti-autism
4418:Taste-based
4413:Statistical
3829:David Oaks
3816:John Clark
3770:17 December
3739:17 December
3522:16 December
3416:(1): 15–45.
3364:Poole, 2011
3281:Supremacism
3036:stereotypes
2976:social work
2957:stereotypes
2590:empathizing
2527:health care
2519:immigration
2420:Etymologies
2309:stereotypes
2295:against or
1939:Nonviolence
1934:LGBT rights
1899:Empowerment
1867:Anti-racism
1781:Segregation
1726:No kid zone
1520:Persecution
1433:Hate speech
1384:Gay bashing
1359:Ethnic joke
1314:Dog whistle
1259:Blood libel
946:Azerbaijani
842:Neopaganism
835:Persecution
801:Persecution
784:Persecution
747:Catholicism
674:Transphobia
657:Supremacism
612:Lesbophobia
527:Aporophobia
487:Anti-autism
324:Taste-based
319:Statistical
220:introducing
6310:Categories
6255:Stereotype
6250:Speciesism
6131:Oppression
6126:Oikophobia
6022:Allophilia
6006:Toleration
5863:Sodomy law
5756:Internment
5676:Witch-hunt
5554:Blackhawks
5484:Hate group
5472:Hate crime
5445:Gendercide
5435:Freak show
5425:Excellence
5385:Employment
5355:Defamation
5287:Vietnamese
5282:Venezuelan
5172:Lithuanian
4846:Falun Gong
4781:Xenophobia
4776:Vegaphobia
4759:Non-binary
4717:Pedophobia
4682:Homophobia
4494:Skin color
4454:Disability
4427:Attributes
4408:Structural
4061:: 683–730.
3953:Canterbury
3292:References
3212:homophobia
3197:Oppression
3166:dehumanize
3089:stereotype
2897:neutrality
2841:acting out
2809:negligence
2792:acting out
2772:psychiatry
2682:David Oaks
2507:employment
2487:oppression
2436:The term "
2396:Definition
2376:The term "
2345:stuttering
2297:oppression
2221:Stereotype
2216:Speciesism
2097:Oppression
2092:Oikophobia
1988:Allophilia
1964:Toleration
1813:Sodomy law
1706:Internment
1620:Witch-hunt
1498:Blackhawks
1428:Hate group
1416:Hate crime
1389:Gendercide
1379:Freak show
1369:Excellence
1329:Employment
1299:Defamation
1223:Vietnamese
1218:Venezuelan
1108:Lithuanian
774:Falun Gong
701:Xenophobia
696:Vegaphobia
679:Non-binary
637:Pedophobia
602:Homophobia
406:Skin color
368:Disability
339:Attributes
314:Structural
46:improve it
6228:Christian
6156:Prejudice
6104:Masculism
6052:Diversity
5846:religious
5821:Redlining
5420:Ethnocide
5380:Education
5272:Ukrainian
5207:Pakistani
5197:Mongolian
5125:Australia
5107:Hungarian
5062:Colombian
5042:Bulgarian
4924:Rastafari
4878:Ahmadiyya
4791:Religious
4769:Trans men
4727:Pregnancy
4662:Gayphobia
4657:Fatphobia
4552:Acephobia
4547:Arophobia
4531:Viewpoint
4334:146463753
4271:206398076
4026:. Wiley.
3930:Routledge
3580:Routledge
3176:Education
3070:litigants
3011:in 2002.
3000:mad pride
2908:talk page
2820:or other
2690:psychotic
2571:gratitude
2523:insurance
2285:mentalism
2194:Christian
2122:Prejudice
2070:Masculism
2018:Diversity
1796:religious
1771:Redlining
1364:Ethnocide
1324:Education
1208:Ukrainian
1143:Pakistani
1133:Mongolian
1061:Australia
1043:Hungarian
998:Colombian
978:Bulgarian
852:Rastafari
806:Ahmadiyya
717:Religious
689:Trans men
647:Pregnancy
582:Gayphobia
577:Fatphobia
472:Acephobia
467:Arophobia
443:Viewpoint
103:July 2016
52:talk page
6285:Category
6267:The talk
6203:Snobbery
6121:Net bias
5951:Feminism
5878:Ugly law
5719:Catholic
5687:policies
5534:Mortgage
5529:Lynching
5460:examples
5455:Genocide
5375:Economic
5360:Democide
5320:Bullying
5237:Romanian
5202:Nigerian
5152:Japanese
5087:Georgian
5072:Filipino
5005:Assyrian
4978:Armenian
4968:American
4963:Albanian
4945:National
4929:Yazidism
4851:Hinduism
4809:Buddhism
4712:Nepotism
4707:Misogyny
4702:Misandry
4627:Cronyism
4622:Clannism
4617:Biphobia
4557:Adultism
4474:Language
4263:23104928
3989:24152781
3789:Archived
3654:29052478
3559:12613052
3239:See also
3224:activist
3204:classism
3117:criminal
3109:tort law
3059:insanity
3020:feminist
2901:disputed
2866:recovery
2671:symptoms
2637:labeling
2630:contempt
2468:In 1975
2233:The talk
2169:Snobbery
2087:Net bias
1909:Feminism
1828:Ugly law
1669:Catholic
1635:Policies
1478:Mortgage
1473:Lynching
1404:examples
1399:Genocide
1319:Economic
1304:Democide
1264:Bullying
1173:Romanian
1138:Nigerian
1088:Japanese
1023:Georgian
1008:Filipino
941:Assyrian
914:Armenian
904:American
899:Albanian
879:national
857:Yazidism
779:Hinduism
737:Buddhism
632:Nepotism
627:Misogyny
622:Misandry
547:Cronyism
542:Clannism
537:Biphobia
477:Adultism
388:Language
275:a series
273:Part of
6316:Ableism
6295:Commons
6074:Figleaf
5499:Housing
5267:Turkish
5217:Pashtun
5187:Mexican
5167:Kurdish
5147:Italian
5097:Haitian
5082:Finnish
5057:Chinese
5052:Chechen
5047:Catalan
5037:Bengali
4958:African
4943:Ethnic/
4902:Judaism
4893:Sunnism
4883:Shi'ism
4799:Atheism
4632:Elitism
4521:Species
4459:Genetic
4449:Dialect
3471:1 March
3265:Rankism
3228:cliques
3190:labeled
3078:counsel
3028:poverty
3009:suicide
2990:In the
2803:Neglect
2686:lunatic
2673:; core
2546:ableism
2531:justice
2515:housing
2414:ableism
2333:bipolar
2281:saneism
2040:Figleaf
1443:Housing
1203:Turkish
1153:Pashtun
1123:Mexican
1103:Kurdish
1083:Italian
1033:Haitian
1018:Finnish
993:Chinese
988:Chechen
983:Catalan
973:Bengali
894:African
877:Ethnic/
830:Judaism
821:Sunnism
811:Shi'ism
727:Atheism
552:Elitism
433:Species
373:Genetic
363:Dialect
216:improve
89:Please
6260:threat
6114:autism
5851:sexual
5841:racial
5724:Jewish
5581:Pogrom
5559:Chiefs
5549:Braves
5277:Uyghur
5252:Somali
5247:Slavic
5232:Romani
5227:Quebec
5222:Polish
5162:Korean
5157:Jewish
5130:Canada
5117:Indian
5102:Hazara
5077:Fulani
4988:France
4953:Afghan
4888:Sufism
4612:Audism
4540:Social
4469:Height
4332:
4292:
4269:
4261:
4174:
4030:
3987:
3936:
3894:
3681:
3652:
3586:
3557:
3441:
3208:ageism
3099:, and
3082:expert
3080:, and
3055:sanity
2822:trauma
2814:racism
2667:milieu
2558:phobia
2554:psyche
2498:stigma
2438:sanism
2402:mental
2378:sanism
2317:autism
2311:about
2277:Sanism
2226:threat
2080:autism
1801:sexual
1791:racial
1674:Jewish
1525:Pogrom
1503:Chiefs
1493:Braves
1213:Uyghur
1188:Somali
1183:Slavic
1168:Romani
1163:Quebec
1158:Polish
1098:Korean
1093:Jewish
1066:Canada
1053:Indian
1038:Hazara
1013:Fulani
924:France
889:Afghan
816:Sufism
532:Audism
458:Social
383:Height
6238:white
5591:Purge
5257:Tatar
5182:Māori
5177:Malay
5142:Irish
5092:Greek
5067:Croat
5025:China
4983:Asian
4868:Islam
4742:White
4479:Looks
4444:Class
4439:Caste
4396:Forms
4330:S2CID
4267:S2CID
4198:(PDF)
4118:(PDF)
3517:(PDF)
3381:(PDF)
3113:civil
2847:, or
2818:abuse
2700:Blame
2287:, or
2204:white
1535:Purge
1193:Tatar
1118:Māori
1113:Malay
1078:Irish
1028:Greek
1003:Croat
961:China
919:Asian
796:Islam
662:White
393:Looks
358:Class
353:Caste
300:Forms
201:, or
6233:male
6032:Bias
5477:LGBT
5262:Thai
5242:Serb
5112:Igbo
4973:Arab
4747:Male
4526:Size
4506:Rank
4353:(1).
4290:ISBN
4259:PMID
4172:ISBN
4028:ISBN
3985:PMID
3934:ISBN
3892:ISBN
3772:2015
3741:2015
3679:ISBN
3650:PMID
3584:ISBN
3555:PMID
3524:2015
3473:2011
3439:ISBN
3230:and
3115:and
3093:myth
3057:and
3014:The
2970:The
2894:The
2556:and
2406:sane
2349:tics
2199:male
1998:Bias
1421:LGBT
1198:Thai
1178:Serb
1048:Igbo
909:Arab
667:Male
438:Size
418:Rank
5836:age
4511:Sex
4434:Age
4322:doi
4251:doi
3977:doi
3642:doi
3547:doi
3042:Law
2738:by
2660:or
2626:ICD
2624:or
2622:DSM
2585:).
2541:'.
2303:or
1786:age
423:Sex
348:Age
6312::
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4265:.
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3693:^
3673:.
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2494:UK
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
