6325:
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78:
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24:
2146:. Carmichael and Hamilton wrote that while individual racism is often identifiable because of its overt nature, institutional racism is less perceptible because of its "less overt, far more subtle" nature. Institutional racism "originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than ".
2074:
is discrimination by society. These unfair and indirect methods of discrimination are often embedded in an institution's policies, procedures, laws, and objectives. The discrimination can be on grounds of gender, caste, race, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status.
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are at a much higher risk of encountering these types of sociostructural disadvantage. Among the severe and long-lasting detrimental effects of institutionalized discrimination on affected populations are
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treatment of an individual or group of individuals by institutions, through unequal consideration of members of subordinate groups.
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2019:
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that is embedded as normal practice within and institution. It can lead to such issues as discrimination in
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Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2010). Social
Psychology (7th edition). New York: Pearson.
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Institutional racism (also known as systemic racism) is a form of institutional discrimination applied to
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8:
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2418:"The Roots of the Widening Racial Wealth Gap: Explaining the Black-White Economic Divide"
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1980:
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2012:
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38:
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1975:
1960:
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533:
423:
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2326:
Harmon, Amy; Mandavilli, Apoorva; Maheshwari, Sapna; Kantor, Jodi (13 June 2020).
2278:
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Fox, Jonathan (2019). "The correlates of religion and state: an introduction".
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2301:"Beyond Bakke: The Constitution and Redressing the Social History of Racism"
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2897:
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2637:
2415:
2206:
2177:, suppressed attainment of wealth and decreased access to health care.
2110:
2007:
2002:
1883:
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1774:
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1599:
1492:
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1406:
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1695:
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1259:
1185:
1090:
1050:
418:
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408:
333:
328:
323:
263:
2328:"From Cosmetics to NASCAR, Calls for Racial Justice Are Spreading"
6279:
6192:
5080:
5048:
5038:
4809:
4769:
4602:
4527:
4512:
4492:
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338:
224:
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77:
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2728:
2627:
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2600:
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2102:
1311:
318:
209:
187:
182:
132:
5058:
4547:
4482:
3707:
2555:
1321:
137:
2132:
The term "institutional racism" was first coined in 1967 by
5053:
4477:
4319:
4148:
2351:
Bhavnani, Reena; Mirza, Heidi Safia; Meetoo, Veena (2005).
1955:
1784:
2416:
Thomas
Shapiro; Tatjana Meschede; Sam Osoro (2013-02-25).
4622:
4517:
2423:. Waltham, US: Institute on Assets and Social Policy.
2391:(November 1992 ed.). New York: Vintage. p.
2156:
Institutionalized discrimination in the United States
2350:
2377:
2335:
2164:Members of minority groups such as populations of
4283:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2354:Tackling the Roots of Racism: Lessons for Success
1919:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
6377:
3943:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
1563:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
3425:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1039:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
6360:
4438:
2490:
2044:
4944:
2160:Educational segregation in the United States
4880:
3641:List of people killed for being transgender
1255:List of people killed for being transgender
6367:
6353:
4445:
4431:
2497:
2483:
2051:
2037:
2450:"Minorities cite health care disparities"
4452:
2764:Social determinants of health in poverty
354:Social determinants of health in poverty
6028:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2441:
2409:
2149:
2143:Black Power: The Politics of Liberation
2082:
2079:are a form of societal discrimination.
6378:
4426:
2478:
6319:
4407:
3447:Capital punishment for homosexuality
2769:Social determinants of mental health
1061:Capital punishment for homosexuality
359:Social determinants of mental health
17:
6138:The End of History and the Last Man
6048:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3567:Genital modification and mutilation
2447:
2388:Black Power: Politics of Liberation
2293:
2264:
2258:
1181:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
2504:
14:
6407:
6323:
6108:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4406:
4397:
4396:
4046:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
3883:Law for Protection of the Nation
3783:White genocide conspiracy theory
1674:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1503:Law for Protection of the Nation
1397:White genocide conspiracy theory
76:
22:
4915:Family as a model for the state
3888:MSM blood donation restrictions
3636:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
2460:from the original on 2022-09-26
2430:from the original on 2018-10-24
1508:MSM blood donation restrictions
1250:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
6265:Separation of church and state
6163:Collectivism and individualism
6118:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3901:(as religious or racial quota)
2371:
2344:
2319:
2249:
1521:(as religious or racial quota)
1:
6305:Category:Political philosophy
6178:Critique of political economy
4315:Second-generation gender bias
4031:Constitutional colorblindness
2759:Social determinants of health
2279:10.1080/09637494.2018.1529269
2242:
1951:Second-generation gender bias
1659:Constitutional colorblindness
349:Social determinants of health
6339:. You can help Knowledge by
6203:Institutional discrimination
6198:History of political thought
4930:Negative and positive rights
2357:. Policy Press. p. 28.
2064:Institutional discrimination
7:
6213:Justification for the state
5998:Two Treatises of Government
4226:Medical model of disability
4078:Hate speech laws by country
2267:Religion, State and Society
2180:
1862:Medical model of disability
1706:Hate speech laws by country
48:Proposed since August 2024.
31:It has been suggested that
10:
6412:
6318:
4883:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4335:Social model of disability
2814:Discrimination against men
2153:
2086:
1971:Social model of disability
404:Discrimination against men
6300:
6150:
5919:
5567:
5300:
5180:
5099:
5011:
5002:
4868:
4702:
4631:
4460:
4392:
4131:
4008:
3801:
3688:Opposition to immigration
3412:
3059:
2906:
2656:
2606:Race / Ethnicity
2543:
2512:
2227:Structural discrimination
2101:and considered a form of
1302:Opposition to immigration
188:Race / Ethnicity
34:Structural discrimination
6088:The Revolt of the Masses
3683:Occupational segregation
3452:Compulsory sterilization
1297:Occupational segregation
1066:Compulsory sterilization
6068:The Communist Manifesto
4994:Tyranny of the majority
4905:Consent of the governed
4211:Internalized oppression
4073:Fighting Discrimination
4063:Fat acceptance movement
4021:Anti-discrimination law
3661:Native American mascots
2222:Residential segregation
2175:increased suicide rates
2072:Societal discrimination
1847:Internalized oppression
1701:Fighting Discrimination
1691:Fat acceptance movement
1649:Anti-discrimination law
1275:Native American mascots
6335:-related article is a
4945:
4895:Clash of civilizations
4881:
4330:Social identity threat
4303:Reverse discrimination
4293:Racial color blindness
3773:Violence against women
3753:Sex-selective abortion
2305:Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev
2129:, among other issues.
1966:Social identity threat
1939:Reverse discrimination
1929:Racial color blindness
1387:Violence against women
1367:Sex-selective abortion
4910:Divine right of kings
4298:Religious intolerance
4258:Political correctness
4088:Intersex human rights
4036:Cultural assimilation
3718:Religious persecution
3482:Disability hate crime
1934:Religious intolerance
1894:Political correctness
1716:Intersex human rights
1664:Cultural assimilation
1332:Religious persecution
1096:Disability hate crime
6058:Democracy in America
5437:political philosophy
5420:political philosophy
5235:political philosophy
5064:political philosophy
4974:Separation of powers
4935:Night-watchman state
4920:Monopoly on violence
4454:Political philosophy
3703:Political repression
2709:Anti-left handedness
2699:Anti-intellectualism
2383:Hamilton, Charles V.
2197:Environmental racism
2150:In the United States
2089:Institutional racism
2083:Institutional racism
1317:Political repression
299:Anti-left handedness
289:Anti-intellectualism
41:into this article. (
6391:Institutional abuse
6248:Right-wing politics
6128:A Theory of Justice
6098:The Road to Serfdom
6018:The Social Contract
4725:Christian democracy
4206:Historical eugenics
3743:Segregation academy
3723:Religious terrorism
3512:Enemy of the people
3420:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
2946:Jehovah's Witnesses
2839:Perpetual foreigner
2379:Carmichael, Stokely
2237:Exclusionary zoning
2232:Structural violence
2212:Institutional abuse
2138:Charles V. Hamilton
1842:Historical eugenics
1357:Segregation academy
1337:Religious terrorism
1126:Enemy of the people
1034:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
544:Jehovah's Witnesses
429:Perpetual foreigner
6260:Political violence
6255:Political theology
6238:Left-wing politics
6233:Political spectrum
4118:Social integration
4113:Self-determination
4103:Racial integration
4051:Diversity training
4041:Cultural pluralism
4016:Affirmative action
3916:Racial segregation
3826:Crime of apartheid
3728:Religious violence
3238:Indigenous people
2633:Sexual orientation
2332:The New York Times
2192:Affirmative action
2134:Stokely Carmichael
1746:Social integration
1741:Self-determination
1731:Racial integration
1679:Diversity training
1669:Cultural pluralism
1644:Affirmative action
1536:Racial segregation
1446:Crime of apartheid
1342:Religious violence
844:Indigenous people
215:Sexual orientation
6348:
6347:
6313:
6312:
6223:Philosophy of law
6168:Conflict theories
6008:The Spirit of Law
5915:
5914:
4964:Original position
4420:
4419:
4288:Racism by country
4216:Intersectionality
4201:Heteronormativity
4000:Voter suppression
3748:Sexual harassment
3547:Forced conversion
3467:Cultural genocide
3137:African Americans
2956:post–Cold War era
2941:Eastern Orthodoxy
2694:Anti-drug addicts
2689:Anti-homelessness
2616:Scientific racism
2364:978-1-86134-774-9
2061:
2060:
1924:Racism by country
1852:Intersectionality
1837:Heteronormativity
1620:Voter suppression
1362:Sexual harassment
1161:Forced conversion
1081:Cultural genocide
743:African Americans
554:post–Cold War era
539:Eastern Orthodoxy
284:Anti-drug addicts
279:Anti-homelessness
198:Scientific racism
55:
54:
50:
6403:
6396:Government stubs
6369:
6362:
6355:
6327:
6320:
6228:Political ethics
6218:Machiavellianism
6158:Authoritarianism
6143:
6133:
6123:
6113:
6103:
6093:
6083:
6073:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6023:
6013:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5953:
5943:
5933:
5009:
5008:
4950:
4886:
4876:Balance of power
4850:Social democracy
4845:Social Darwinism
4820:Multiculturalism
4765:Environmentalism
4740:Communitarianism
4447:
4440:
4433:
4424:
4423:
4410:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4340:Social privilege
4325:Social exclusion
4253:Police brutality
4174:Multiculturalism
4144:Amatonormativity
3975:Social exclusion
3811:Age of candidacy
3611:Homeless dumping
3517:Ethnic cleansing
2499:
2492:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2448:Freking, Kevin.
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2340:on Nov 30, 2023.
2339:
2334:. Archived from
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2107:criminal justice
2053:
2046:
2039:
1976:Social privilege
1961:Social exclusion
1889:Police brutality
1810:Multiculturalism
1780:Amatonormativity
1595:Social exclusion
1431:Age of candidacy
1225:Homeless dumping
1131:Ethnic cleansing
80:
57:
56:
46:
26:
25:
18:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6316:
6314:
6309:
6296:
6285:Totalitarianism
6146:
6141:
6131:
6121:
6111:
6101:
6091:
6081:
6071:
6061:
6051:
6041:
6031:
6021:
6011:
6001:
5991:
5981:
5971:
5961:
5958:Treatise on Law
5951:
5941:
5931:
5911:
5569:
5563:
5302:
5296:
5182:
5176:
5095:
4998:
4984:State of nature
4979:Social contract
4959:Ordered liberty
4947:Noblesse oblige
4864:
4698:
4627:
4456:
4451:
4421:
4416:
4388:
4263:Polyculturalism
4159:Civil liberties
4127:
4108:Reappropriation
4009:Countermeasures
4004:
3933:Racial steering
3899:Numerus clausus
3803:
3797:
3522:Ethnic conflict
3457:Corrective rape
3408:
3055:
2902:
2794:HIV/AIDS stigma
2652:
2601:Mental disorder
2539:
2508:
2503:
2473:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2349:
2345:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2187:Achievement gap
2183:
2166:African descent
2162:
2154:Main articles:
2152:
2123:political power
2095:
2093:Societal racism
2087:Main articles:
2085:
2077:State religions
2057:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
1899:Polyculturalism
1795:Civil liberties
1767:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1736:Reappropriation
1636:
1635:Countermeasures
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1553:Racial steering
1519:Numerus clausus
1423:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1136:Ethnic conflict
1071:Corrective rape
1026:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
668:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
506:
496:
495:
494:
493:
492:
384:HIV/AIDS stigma
246:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
183:Mental disorder
125:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
88:
51:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
6409:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6386:Discrimination
6372:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6328:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6275:Social justice
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6183:Egalitarianism
6180:
6175:
6173:Contractualism
6170:
6165:
6160:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6134:
6124:
6114:
6104:
6094:
6084:
6074:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6014:
6004:
5994:
5984:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5944:
5934:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Overton window
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:Libertarianism
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4308:Reverse racism
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Prisoner abuse
4275:
4270:
4268:Power distance
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Ethnic penalty
4183:
4182:
4181:
4179:Neurodiversity
4176:
4166:
4164:Dehumanization
4161:
4156:
4154:Cisnormativity
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4132:Related topics
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:State religion
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3926:Nuremberg Laws
3923:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3868:Ghetto benches
3865:
3863:Gerrymandering
3860:
3855:
3850:
3848:Gender pay gap
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3802:Discriminatory
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:Lavender scare
3628:
3626:Kill Haole Day
3623:
3621:Indian rolling
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3507:Eliminationism
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:Cancel culture
3439:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3414:
3413:Manifestations
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Middle Eastern
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3051:Zoroastrianism
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:Untouchability
2975:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Leprosy stigma
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:Discrimination
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2440:
2408:
2402:978-0679743132
2401:
2370:
2363:
2343:
2318:
2307:. 8 March 2021
2292:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Gentrification
2199:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2151:
2148:
2084:
2081:
2068:discriminatory
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:Reverse racism
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Prisoner abuse
1911:
1906:
1904:Power distance
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Ethnic penalty
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:Neurodiversity
1812:
1802:
1800:Dehumanization
1797:
1792:
1790:Cisnormativity
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1766:Related topics
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:State religion
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:Nuremberg Laws
1543:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:Ghetto benches
1485:
1483:Gerrymandering
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:Gender pay gap
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Lavender scare
1242:
1240:Kill Haole Day
1237:
1235:Indian rolling
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Eliminationism
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:Cancel culture
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:Manifestations
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Middle Eastern
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
756:
755:
750:
745:
735:
730:
725:
724:
723:
718:
713:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
671:
670:
669:
663:
662:
659:
658:
652:
651:
649:Zoroastrianism
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
625:
624:
614:
613:
612:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
580:
579:
578:
576:Untouchability
573:
563:
558:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
526:
521:
516:
510:
509:
508:
507:
502:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
485:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
458:
457:
456:
451:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
394:Leprosy stigma
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
201:
200:
195:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
73:
72:
70:Discrimination
66:
65:
53:
52:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6408:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6370:
6365:
6363:
6358:
6356:
6351:
6350:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6208:Jurisprudence
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:Rights of Man
6035:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5949:
5948:De re publica
5945:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:20th and 21st
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:18th and 19th
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Nizam al-Mulk
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Republicanism
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4413:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Social stigma
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:State atheism
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Jim Crow laws
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:One-drop rule
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Blood quantum
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:Victimisation
3766:
3764:
3763:Trans bashing
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Religious war
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Racialization
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Glass ceiling
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Ethnic hatred
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Counter-jihad
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3252:United States
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3115:United States
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Protestantism
3034:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:LDS or Mormon
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Transmisogyny
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Gerontophobia
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Anti-intersex
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Anti-albinism
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Institutional
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Social stigma
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:State atheism
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Jim Crow laws
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:One-drop rule
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Blood quantum
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Victimisation
1380:
1378:
1377:Trans bashing
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Religious war
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Racialization
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Glass ceiling
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Ethnic hatred
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Counter-jihad
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
859:
858:United States
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
722:
721:United States
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
667:
661:
660:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Protestantism
632:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
562:
559:
555:
552:
550:
549:LDS or Mormon
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
505:
500:
499:
489:
486:
484:
481:
477:
474:
472:
471:Transmisogyny
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
459:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:Gerontophobia
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
294:Anti-intersex
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
269:Anti-albinism
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
242:
241:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
121:
120:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:Institutional
94:
93:
84:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
58:
49:
44:
40:
36:
35:
29:
20:
19:
16:
6341:expanding it
6330:
6315:
6289:
6202:
6188:Elite theory
6136:
6126:
6116:
6106:
6096:
6086:
6076:
6066:
6056:
6046:
6036:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5936:
5926:
5225:Guicciardini
5181:Early modern
5004:Philosophers
4954:Open society
4890:Body politic
4760:Distributism
4750:Conservatism
4745:Confucianism
4664:Gerontocracy
4654:Dictatorship
4608:Sovereignty
4598:Ruling class
4488:Emancipation
4473:Citizenship
4196:Gender-blind
4083:Human rights
3911:Racial quota
3898:
3878:Jewish quota
3858:Gerontocracy
3853:Gender roles
3831:Disabilities
3816:Blood purity
3788:Wife selling
3778:White flight
3758:Slut-shaming
3738:Scapegoating
3656:Murder music
3329:Palestinians
3147:South Africa
3132:Black people
3110:South Africa
2931:Christianity
2921:Baháʼí Faith
2849:Sectarianism
2789:Heterosexism
2754:Ephebiphobia
2719:Antisemitism
2714:Anti-Masonry
2581:Hair texture
2519:
2462:. Retrieved
2453:
2443:
2432:. Retrieved
2411:
2387:
2373:
2353:
2346:
2337:the original
2331:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2304:
2295:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2163:
2141:
2131:
2096:
2071:
2063:
2062:
1832:Gender-blind
1711:Human rights
1531:Racial quota
1518:
1498:Jewish quota
1478:Gerontocracy
1473:Gender roles
1451:Disabilities
1436:Blood purity
1402:Wife selling
1392:White flight
1372:Slut-shaming
1352:Scapegoating
1270:Murder music
935:Palestinians
753:South Africa
738:Black people
716:South Africa
529:Christianity
519:Baháʼí Faith
439:Sectarianism
379:Heterosexism
344:Ephebiphobia
309:Antisemitism
304:Anti-Masonry
163:Hair texture
47:
32:
15:
6062:(1835–1840)
5942:(c. 350 BC)
5932:(c. 375 BC)
5549:Tocqueville
5514:Saint-Simon
5479:Montesquieu
5330:Bolingbroke
5262:Machiavelli
5142:Ibn Khaldun
5107:Alpharabius
5100:Middle Ages
4925:Natural law
4900:Common good
4825:Nationalism
4785:Imperialism
4755:Corporatism
4730:Colonialism
4710:Agrarianism
4689:Technocracy
4669:Meritocracy
4649:Bureaucracy
4639:Aristocracy
4098:Nonviolence
4093:LGBT rights
4058:Empowerment
4026:Anti-racism
3948:Segregation
3893:No kid zone
3693:Persecution
3606:Hate speech
3557:Gay bashing
3532:Ethnic joke
3487:Dog whistle
3432:Blood libel
3127:Azerbaijani
3031:Neopaganism
3024:Persecution
2990:Persecution
2973:Persecution
2936:Catholicism
2871:Transphobia
2854:Supremacism
2809:Lesbophobia
2724:Aporophobia
2684:Anti-autism
2535:Taste-based
2530:Statistical
2119:health care
1726:Nonviolence
1721:LGBT rights
1686:Empowerment
1654:Anti-racism
1568:Segregation
1513:No kid zone
1307:Persecution
1220:Hate speech
1171:Gay bashing
1146:Ethnic joke
1101:Dog whistle
1046:Blood libel
733:Azerbaijani
629:Neopaganism
622:Persecution
588:Persecution
571:Persecution
534:Catholicism
461:Transphobia
444:Supremacism
399:Lesbophobia
314:Aporophobia
274:Anti-autism
109:Taste-based
104:Statistical
6380:Categories
6333:government
6270:Separatism
6078:On Liberty
5978:The Prince
5707:Huntington
5210:Campanella
5137:al-Ghazali
5086:Thucydides
5044:Lactantius
4989:Statolatry
4815:Monarchism
4795:Liberalism
4720:Capitalism
4703:Ideologies
4684:Plutocracy
4632:Government
4588:Revolution
4573:Propaganda
4523:Legitimacy
4498:Government
4372:Stereotype
4367:Speciesism
4248:Oppression
4243:Oikophobia
4139:Allophilia
4123:Toleration
3980:Sodomy law
3873:Internment
3793:Witch-hunt
3671:Blackhawks
3601:Hate group
3589:Hate crime
3562:Gendercide
3552:Freak show
3542:Excellence
3502:Employment
3472:Defamation
3404:Vietnamese
3399:Venezuelan
3289:Lithuanian
2963:Falun Gong
2898:Xenophobia
2893:Vegaphobia
2876:Non-binary
2834:Pedophobia
2799:Homophobia
2611:Skin color
2571:Disability
2544:Attributes
2525:Structural
2464:2020-05-23
2434:2020-05-23
2273:(1): 2–9.
2243:References
2207:Harassment
2111:employment
2008:Stereotype
2003:Speciesism
1884:Oppression
1879:Oikophobia
1775:Allophilia
1751:Toleration
1600:Sodomy law
1493:Internment
1407:Witch-hunt
1285:Blackhawks
1215:Hate group
1203:Hate crime
1176:Gendercide
1166:Freak show
1156:Excellence
1116:Employment
1086:Defamation
1010:Vietnamese
1005:Venezuelan
895:Lithuanian
561:Falun Gong
488:Xenophobia
483:Vegaphobia
466:Non-binary
424:Pedophobia
389:Homophobia
193:Skin color
153:Disability
124:Attributes
99:Structural
5988:Leviathan
5968:Monarchia
5962:(c. 1274)
5797:Oakeshott
5742:Mansfield
5737:Luxemburg
5722:Kropotkin
5617:Bernstein
5570:centuries
5484:Nietzsche
5427:Jefferson
5355:Condorcet
5303:centuries
5282:Pufendorf
5147:Marsilius
5034:Confucius
5019:Aristotle
5012:Antiquity
4940:Noble lie
4860:Third Way
4855:Socialism
4780:Feudalism
4735:Communism
4715:Anarchism
4694:Theocracy
4679:Oligarchy
4659:Democracy
4644:Autocracy
4558:Pluralism
4543:Obedience
4508:Hierarchy
4468:Authority
4345:Christian
4273:Prejudice
4221:Masculism
4169:Diversity
3963:religious
3938:Redlining
3537:Ethnocide
3497:Education
3389:Ukrainian
3324:Pakistani
3314:Mongolian
3242:Australia
3224:Hungarian
3179:Colombian
3159:Bulgarian
3041:Rastafari
2995:Ahmadiyya
2908:Religious
2886:Trans men
2844:Pregnancy
2779:Gayphobia
2774:Fatphobia
2669:Acephobia
2664:Arophobia
2648:Viewpoint
2454:USA TODAY
2311:25 August
2287:0963-7494
2217:Redlining
2127:education
1981:Christian
1909:Prejudice
1857:Masculism
1805:Diversity
1583:religious
1558:Redlining
1151:Ethnocide
1111:Education
995:Ukrainian
930:Pakistani
920:Mongolian
848:Australia
830:Hungarian
785:Colombian
765:Bulgarian
639:Rastafari
593:Ahmadiyya
504:Religious
476:Trans men
434:Pregnancy
369:Gayphobia
364:Fatphobia
259:Acephobia
254:Arophobia
230:Viewpoint
6243:Centrism
5938:Politics
5928:Republic
5897:Voegelin
5877:Spengler
5862:Shariati
5837:Rothbard
5792:Nussbaum
5692:Habermas
5667:Fukuyama
5657:Foucault
5582:Ambedkar
5559:Voltaire
5529:de Staël
5504:Rousseau
5385:Franklin
5360:Constant
5320:Beccaria
5152:Muhammad
5132:Gelasius
5117:Averroes
5091:Xenophon
5071:Polybius
5024:Chanakya
4869:Concepts
4835:Populism
4805:Localism
4790:Islamism
4775:Feminism
4674:Monarchy
4578:Property
4568:Progress
4533:Monopoly
4503:Hegemony
4402:Category
4384:The talk
4320:Snobbery
4238:Net bias
4068:Feminism
3995:Ugly law
3836:Catholic
3804:policies
3651:Mortgage
3646:Lynching
3577:examples
3572:Genocide
3492:Economic
3477:Democide
3437:Bullying
3354:Romanian
3319:Nigerian
3269:Japanese
3204:Georgian
3189:Filipino
3122:Assyrian
3095:Armenian
3085:American
3080:Albanian
3062:National
3046:Yazidism
2968:Hinduism
2926:Buddhism
2829:Nepotism
2824:Misogyny
2819:Misandry
2744:Cronyism
2739:Clannism
2734:Biphobia
2674:Adultism
2591:Language
2458:Archived
2425:Archived
2385:(1967).
2181:See also
2020:The talk
1956:Snobbery
1874:Net bias
1696:Feminism
1615:Ugly law
1456:Catholic
1422:Policies
1265:Mortgage
1260:Lynching
1191:examples
1186:Genocide
1106:Economic
1091:Democide
1051:Bullying
960:Romanian
925:Nigerian
875:Japanese
810:Georgian
795:Filipino
728:Assyrian
701:Armenian
691:American
686:Albanian
666:national
644:Yazidism
566:Hinduism
524:Buddhism
419:Nepotism
414:Misogyny
409:Misandry
334:Cronyism
329:Clannism
324:Biphobia
264:Adultism
173:Language
62:a series
60:Part of
6280:Statism
6193:Elitism
6151:Related
5952:(51 BC)
5882:Strauss
5857:Scruton
5852:Schmitt
5842:Russell
5762:Michels
5757:Maurras
5752:Marcuse
5712:Kautsky
5682:Gramsci
5677:Gentile
5647:Dworkin
5637:Du Bois
5632:Dmowski
5627:Chomsky
5622:Burnham
5607:Benoist
5577:Agamben
5544:Thoreau
5534:Stirner
5524:Spencer
5469:Mazzini
5459:Maistre
5454:Madison
5449:Le Play
5380:Fourier
5345:Carlyle
5325:Bentham
5315:Bastiat
5310:Bakunin
5287:Spinoza
5277:Müntzer
5247:Leibniz
5220:Grotius
5200:Bossuet
5167:Plethon
5112:Aquinas
5081:Sun Tzu
5049:Mencius
5039:Han Fei
4810:Marxism
4770:Fascism
4603:Society
4528:Liberty
4513:Justice
4493:Freedom
4412:Commons
4191:Figleaf
3616:Housing
3384:Turkish
3334:Pashtun
3304:Mexican
3284:Kurdish
3264:Italian
3214:Haitian
3199:Finnish
3174:Chinese
3169:Chechen
3164:Catalan
3154:Bengali
3075:African
3060:Ethnic/
3019:Judaism
3010:Sunnism
3000:Shi'ism
2916:Atheism
2749:Elitism
2638:Species
2576:Genetic
2566:Dialect
2168:in the
2115:housing
1827:Figleaf
1230:Housing
990:Turkish
940:Pashtun
910:Mexican
890:Kurdish
870:Italian
820:Haitian
805:Finnish
780:Chinese
775:Chechen
770:Catalan
760:Bengali
681:African
664:Ethnic/
617:Judaism
608:Sunnism
598:Shi'ism
514:Atheism
339:Elitism
220:Species
158:Genetic
148:Dialect
43:Discuss
6142:(1992)
6132:(1971)
6122:(1951)
6112:(1945)
6102:(1944)
6092:(1929)
6082:(1859)
6072:(1848)
6052:(1820)
6042:(1791)
6032:(1790)
6022:(1762)
6012:(1748)
6002:(1689)
5992:(1651)
5982:(1532)
5972:(1313)
5902:Walzer
5892:Taylor
5847:Sartre
5812:Popper
5807:Pareto
5802:Ortega
5787:Nozick
5777:Mouffe
5727:Laclau
5687:Guénon
5672:Gandhi
5612:Berlin
5602:Bauman
5597:Badiou
5587:Arendt
5554:Tucker
5444:Le Bon
5405:Herder
5395:Haller
5390:Godwin
5375:Fichte
5370:Engels
5365:Cortés
5335:Bonald
5292:Suárez
5267:Milton
5257:Luther
5230:Hobbes
5215:Filmer
5205:Calvin
5190:Boétie
5183:period
5162:Ockham
5029:Cicero
4830:Nazism
4618:Utopia
4593:Rights
4583:Regime
4553:People
4538:Nation
4377:threat
4231:autism
3968:sexual
3958:racial
3841:Jewish
3698:Pogrom
3676:Chiefs
3666:Braves
3394:Uyghur
3369:Somali
3364:Slavic
3349:Romani
3344:Quebec
3339:Polish
3279:Korean
3274:Jewish
3247:Canada
3234:Indian
3219:Hazara
3194:Fulani
3105:France
3070:Afghan
3005:Sufism
2729:Audism
2657:Social
2586:Height
2399:
2361:
2285:
2125:, and
2103:racism
2013:threat
1867:autism
1588:sexual
1578:racial
1461:Jewish
1312:Pogrom
1290:Chiefs
1280:Braves
1000:Uyghur
975:Somali
970:Slavic
955:Romani
950:Quebec
945:Polish
885:Korean
880:Jewish
853:Canada
840:Indian
825:Hazara
800:Fulani
711:France
676:Afghan
603:Sufism
319:Audism
245:Social
168:Height
39:merged
6331:This
6291:Index
5920:Works
5907:Weber
5872:Spann
5867:Sorel
5832:Röpke
5827:Rawls
5782:Negri
5772:Mosca
5767:Mises
5732:Lenin
5702:Hoppe
5697:Hayek
5662:Fromm
5652:Evola
5642:Dugin
5539:Taine
5519:Smith
5499:Renan
5494:Paine
5415:Iqbal
5400:Hegel
5350:Comte
5340:Burke
5252:Locke
5242:James
5195:Bodin
5127:Dante
5122:Bruni
5076:Shang
5059:Plato
4613:State
4563:Power
4548:Peace
4483:Elite
4461:Terms
4355:white
3708:Purge
3374:Tatar
3299:Māori
3294:Malay
3259:Irish
3209:Greek
3184:Croat
3142:China
3100:Asian
2985:Islam
2859:White
2596:Looks
2561:Class
2556:Caste
2513:Forms
2428:(PDF)
2421:(PDF)
1991:white
1322:Purge
980:Tatar
905:Māori
900:Malay
865:Irish
815:Greek
790:Croat
748:China
706:Asian
583:Islam
449:White
178:Looks
143:Class
138:Caste
87:Forms
6337:stub
5822:Rand
5817:Qutb
5717:Kirk
5592:Aron
5509:Sade
5489:Owen
5474:Mill
5464:Marx
5432:Kant
5410:Hume
5272:More
5172:Wang
5054:Mozi
4478:Duty
4350:male
4149:Bias
3594:LGBT
3379:Thai
3359:Serb
3229:Igbo
3090:Arab
2864:Male
2643:Size
2623:Rank
2397:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2313:2024
2283:ISSN
2170:U.S.
2158:and
2136:and
2099:race
2091:and
1986:male
1785:Bias
1208:LGBT
985:Thai
965:Serb
835:Igbo
696:Arab
454:Male
225:Size
205:Rank
5887:Sun
5747:Mao
4623:War
4518:Law
3953:age
2628:Sex
2551:Age
2275:doi
2140:in
2066:is
1573:age
210:Sex
133:Age
37:be
6382::
2456:.
2452:.
2395:.
2381:;
2330:.
2303:.
2281:.
2271:47
2269:.
2121:,
2117:,
2113:,
2109:,
64:on
6368:e
6361:t
6354:v
6343:.
4446:e
4439:t
4432:v
2498:e
2491:t
2484:v
2467:.
2437:.
2405:.
2393:4
2367:.
2315:.
2289:.
2277::
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
45:)
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