7572:
8389:
8737:
8429:
2294:
7750:
having gained sexual equality with men, and having achieved a level of financial success and comfort enjoyed primarily by
Tiffany's-encrusted doyennes of Laguna Beach." These images may be harmful, particularly to women and racial and ethnic minority groups. For example, a study of African American women found they feel that media portrayals of themselves often reinforce stereotypes of this group as overly sexual and idealize images of lighter-skinned, thinner African American women (images African American women describe as objectifying). In a recent analysis of images of Haitian women in the Associated Press photo archive from 1994 to 2009, several themes emerged emphasizing the "otherness" of Haitian women and characterizing them as victims in need of rescue.
7891:
times the general US population rate (4%)". Further discrimination is faced by gender nonconforming individuals, whether transitioning or not, because of displacement from societally acceptable gender binaries and visible stigmatization. According to the NTDS, transgender gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face between eight percent and 15% higher rates of self and social discrimination and violence than binary transgender individuals. Lisa R. Miller and Eric
Anthony Grollman found in their 2015 study that "gender nonconformity may heighten trans people's exposure to discrimination and health-harming behaviors. Gender nonconforming trans adults reported more events of major and everyday transphobic discrimination than their gender conforming counterparts."
7637:
presented as sexual objects experiencing sexual pleasure in rape, incest or other sexual assault; or (iv) women are presented as sexual objects tied up, cut up or mutilated or bruised or physically hurt; or (v) women are presented in postures or positions of sexual submission, servility, or display; or (vi) women's body partsâincluding but not limited to vaginas, breasts, or buttocksâare exhibited such that women are reduced to those parts; or (vii) women are presented being penetrated by objects or animals; or (viii) women are presented in scenarios of degradation, humiliation, injury, torture, shown as filthy or inferior, bleeding, bruised, or hurt in a context that makes these conditions sexual."
7242:
8296:
7931:
2830:
women pursuing math". Through the experiment comparing the math outcomes of women under two various gender-math stereotype components, which are the ability of math and the effort on math respectively, Thoman and others found that women's math performance is more likely to be affected by the negative ability stereotype, which is influenced by sociocultural beliefs in the United States, rather than the effort component. As a result of this experiment and the sociocultural beliefs in the United States, Thoman and others concluded that individuals' academic outcomes can be affected by the gender-math stereotype component that is influenced by the sociocultural beliefs.
8001:
8436:
8554:
2648:
2355:
8307:
9016:
2142:. Specifically, the word sexism appears in Leet's forum contribution "Women and the Undergraduate", and she defines it by comparing it to racism, stating in part, "When you argue ... that since fewer women write good poetry this justifies their total exclusion, you are taking a position analogous to that of the racistâI might call you, in this case, a 'sexist' ... Both the racist and the sexist are acting as if all that has happened had never happened, and both of them are making decisions and coming to conclusions about someone's value by referring to factors which are in both cases irrelevant."
43:
7770:
under the veil of benign amusement, thus precluding challenges or opposition that nonhumorous sexist communication would likely incur." A study of 73 male undergraduate students by Ford found that "sexist humor can promote the behavioral expression of prejudice against women amongst sexist men". According to the study, when sexism is presented in a humorous manner it is viewed as tolerable and socially acceptable: "Disparagement of women through humor 'freed' sexist participants from having to conform to the more general and more restrictive norms regarding discrimination against women."
8633:
imprisonment if convicted. The gender disparity varies according to the nature of the case. For example, the gender gap is less pronounced in fraud cases than in drug trafficking and firearms. This disparity occurs in US federal courts, despite guidelines designed to avoid differential sentencing. The death penalty may also suffer from gender bias. According to Shatz and Shatz, "he present study confirms what earlier studies have shown: that the death penalty is imposed on women relatively infrequently and that it is disproportionately imposed for the killing of women".
8407:(WHO) as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". The WHO further states, "The practice has no health benefits for girls and women and cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths." It "is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women" and "constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women". The
8421:
14399:
existence of ambiguity, subtlety, and irony. It overlooks the boundary between fantasy, imagination, and ideas, on the one hand, and behavior on the other.126 Ultimately, it denies individual autonomy, assuming that at least some viewers of "pornography" will automatically react to it in a simplistic, "monkey-see, monkey-do" fashion. In the words of
Professor McCormack, pro-censorship feminists "reject the distinction between thought and deed which is both the cornerstone of liberal democracy and the foundation of a humanistic model of human nature."
7174:
4865:
8255:, which some see as a result of school systems being more likely to apply these labels to males. A recent study by the OECD in over 60 countries found that teachers give boys lower grades for the same work. The researchers attribute this to stereotypical ideas about boys and recommend teachers to be aware of this gender bias. One study found that students give female professors worse evaluation scores than male professors, even though the students appear to do as well under female professors as male professors.
8081:
9592:
Theoretically, gender discrimination has been described as (1) the unequal rewards that men and women receive in the workplace or academic environment because of their gender or sex difference (DiThomaso, 1989); (2) a process occurring in work or educational settings in which an individual is overtly or covertly limited access to an opportunity or a resource because of a sex or is given the opportunity or the resource reluctantly and may face harassment for picking it (Roeske & Pleck, 1983); or (3) both.
7802:, "although the majority of federal courts to consider the issue have concluded that discrimination on the basis of gender identity is not sex discrimination, there have been several courts that have reached the opposite conclusion". Hurst states that "ourts often confuse sex, gender and sexual orientation, and confuse them in a way that results in denying the rights not only of gays and lesbians, but also of those who do not present themselves or act in a manner traditionally expected of their sex".
2811:
8801:
14507:
a prostitute' lacked credibility as complainants, which made it difficult for the prosecution to prove the sexual assault beyond a reasonable doubt. Women in any of these categories were seen at law as 'commonly available' to men, as always consenting to sexual activity and thus, as not able to be raped. Men accused of sexual assault were therefore able to use evidence of prostitution to defend themselves, to undermine the credibility of rape complainants and to successfully avoid conviction.
2461:
19421:
2739:
8248:
10.8 million college students enrolled in the United States. However, research by Diane
Halpern has indicated that boys receive more attention, praise, blame and punishment in the grammar-school classroom, and "this pattern of more active teacher attention directed at male students continues at the postsecondary level". Over time, female students speak less in a classroom setting. Teachers also tend to spend more time supporting the academic achievements of girls.
2694:
shown that gender differences in the media are less evident today than they used to be in the 1980s, but are still present. Certain issues (e.g., education) are likely to be linked with female candidates, while other issues (e.g., taxes) are likely to be linked with male candidates. In addition, there is more emphasis on female candidates' personal qualities, such as their appearance and their personality, as females are portrayed as emotional and dependent.
23879:
21389:
23915:
8775:
outlawed it later, mostly in the 1980s and 1990s; some countries outlawed it in the 2000s. The WHO wrote that: "Marriage is often used to legitimize a range of forms of sexual violence against women. The custom of marrying off young children, particularly girls, is found in many parts of the world. This practiceâlegal in many countriesâis a form of sexual violence, since the children involved are unable to give or withhold their consent".
23927:
23867:
6873:
2859:
74:
23889:
2720:: a regular menu with the prices listed for men and a second menu for women, which did not have the prices listed (it was called the "ladies' menu"), so that the female diner would not know the prices of the items. In 1980, Kathleen Bick took a male business partner out to dinner at L'Orangerie in West Hollywood. After she was given a women's menu without prices and her guest got one with prices, Bick hired lawyer
7782:. Gender identity is "the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth". Gender discrimination is theoretically different from sexism. Whereas sexism is prejudice based on biological sex, gender discrimination specifically addresses discrimination towards gender identities, including
8674:... roughly 30% of the gender differences in incarceration cannot be explained by the observed criminal characteristics of offense and offender. We also find evidence of considerable heterogeneity across judges in their treatment of female and male offenders. There is little evidence, however, that tastes for gender discrimination are driving the mean gender disparity or the variance in treatment between judges.
21399:
7420:
8221:, where in the US women received only 21% of the undergraduate degrees, and in engineering, where women obtained only 19% of the degrees in 2008. Only one out of five of physics doctorates in the US are awarded to women, and only about half those women are American. Of all the physics professors in the country, only 14% are women. As of 2019, women account for just 27% of all workers in
14302:(2nd ed). "Sex forced on real women so that it can be sold at a profit to be forced on other real women; women's bodies trussed and maimed and raped and made into things to be hurt and obtained and accessed, and this presented as the nature of women; the coercion that is visible and the coercion that has become invisibleâthis and more grounds the feminist concern with pornography"
7134:: performance pressures, social isolation, and role encapsulation. Tokenism could be used to camouflage sexism, to preserve male workers' advantage in the workplace. No link exists between the proportion of women working in an organization/company and the improvement of their working conditions. Ignoring sexist issues may exacerbate women's occupational problems.
7668:
that meant more beer. When she said she would prefer to go home, that means she's a lesbian who needs to be given a good corrective experience. Pornography promotes these rape myths and desensitizes people to violence against women so that you need more violence to become sexually aroused if you're a pornography consumer. This is very well documented.
7595:. Nudity is not banned, and nude people can be used to advertise a product if they are relevant to the product advertised. Sol Olving, head of Norway's Kreativt Forum (an association of the country's top advertising agencies) explained, "You could have a naked person advertising shower gel or a cream, but not a woman in a bikini draped across a car".
7253:, which states that if a good or service (in this case, labor) is in demand and has value it will find its price in the market. If a worker offered equal value for less pay, supply and demand would indicate a greater demand for lower-paid workers. If a business hired lower-wage workers for the same work, it would lower its costs and enjoy a
2638:... Ensuring that women have full autonomy over their bodies is the first crucial step towards achieving substantive equality between women and men. Personal issuesâsuch as when, how and with whom they choose to have sex, and when, how and with whom they choose to have childrenâare at the heart of living a life in dignity.
8613:, and other domestic disputes when women are killed by their partners. As a result of the defense exhibiting a strong gender bias, and being a form of legitimization of male violence against women and minimization of the harm caused by violence against women, it has been abolished or restricted in several jurisdictions.
7331:
observed significant gender difference in promotion". In the high-tech industry, research shows that, regardless of the intra-firm changes, "extra-organizational pressures will likely contribute to continued gender stratification as firms upgrade, leading to the potential masculinization of skilled high-tech work".
7212:
the lower end of income distribution. The research also found that "wage arrears and payment in-kind attenuated wage discrimination, particularly amongst the lowest paid workers, suggesting that
Russian enterprise managers assigned lowest importance to equity considerations when allocating these forms of payment".
8714:, "Discriminatory attitudes towards women and girls also means access to sex education and contraceptives are near impossible ". The organization has also criticized laws and policies which require the husband's consent for a woman to use reproductive health services as being discriminatory and dangerous to
14506:
In common law jurisdictions like the United
Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, some of the evidentiary jurisprudence clearly linked chastity with veracity. So women who were or had been sex workers, those who were 'rumoured' to be prostitutes or who were simply promiscuous and behaving 'like
8330:
The assignment of gender-specific baby clothes can instill in children a belief in negative gender stereotypes. One example is the assignment in some countries of the color pink to girls and blue to boys. The fashion is recent one. At the beginning of the 20th century the trend was the opposite: blue
8238:
shows that 79.7% of women are literate, compared to 88.6% of men (aged 15 and over). In some parts of the world, girls continue to be excluded from proper public or private education. In parts of
Afghanistan, girls who go to school face serious violence from some local community members and religious
7877:
Transgender discrimination is discrimination towards peoples whose gender identity differs from the social expectations of the biological sex they were born with. Forms of discrimination include but are not limited to identity documents not reflecting one's gender, sex-segregated public restrooms and
7659:
of the women who perform and model in it. Opponents of pornography charge that it presents a distorted image of sexual relations and reinforces sexual myths; it shows women as continually available and willing to engage in sex at any time, with any person, on their terms, responding positively to any
7380:
wrote: "An employer who fires an individual for being homosexual or transgender fires that person for traits or actions it would not have questioned in members of a different sex. Sex plays a necessary and undisguisable role in the decision, exactly what Title VII forbids." The ruling however did not
7293:
Some variables that help explain the non-adjusted gender pay gap include economic activity, working time, and job tenure. Gender-specific factors, including gender differences in qualifications and discrimination, overall wage structure, and the differences in remuneration across industry sectors all
7215:
The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between men and women (such as education, hours worked and occupation), innate behavioral and biological differences between men and women and discrimination in the labor market (such as gender stereotypes
7011:
speakers have also raised questions about how sexism intersects with grammar. The German language is heavily inflected for gender, number, and case; nearly all nouns denoting the occupations or statuses of human beings are gender-differentiated. For more gender-neutral constructions, gerund nouns are
6914:
Sexism in language exists when language devalues members of a certain gender. Sexist language, in many instances, promotes male superiority. Sexism in language affects consciousness, perceptions of reality, encoding and transmitting cultural meanings and socialization. Researchers have pointed to the
2724:
to file a discrimination lawsuit, on the grounds that the women's menu went against the
California Civil Rights Act. Bick stated that getting a women's menu without prices left her feeling "humiliated and incensed". The owners of the restaurant defended the practice, saying it was done as a courtesy,
8774:
The criminalization of marital rape is very recent, having occurred during the past few decades; in many countries it is still legal. Several countries in
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia made spousal rape illegal before 1970; other European countries and some English-speaking countries outside Europe
8636:
There have been several reasons postulated for the gender criminal justice disparity in the United States. One of the most common is the expectation that women are predominantly care-givers. Other possible reasons include the "girlfriend theory" (whereby women are seen as tools of their boyfriends),
8632:
In the United States, some studies have shown that for identical crimes, men are given harsher sentences than women. Controlling for arrest offense, criminal history, and other pre-charge variables, sentences are over 60% heavier for men. Women are more likely to avoid charges entirely, and to avoid
8620:
in Latin
American countries has been deemed to have its origin in the view that women are property. In 2002, Widney Brown, advocacy director for Human Rights Watch, stated that, "o-called crimes of passion have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are
8369:
The production process also faces criticism for sexist practices. In the garment industry, approximately 80 percent of workers are female. Much garment production is located in Asia because of low labor costs. Women who work in these factories are sexually harassed by managers and male workers, paid
8339:
magazine also explained that "he preferred colour to dress young boys in is pink. Blue is reserved for girls as it is considered paler, and the more dainty of the two colours, and pink is thought to be stronger (akin to red)". Today, in many countries, it is considered inappropriate for boys to wear
8126:
are another form of domestic violence practiced in several parts of the world, and their victims are predominantly women. Honor killings can occur because of refusal to enter into an arranged marriage, maintaining a relationship relatives disapprove of, extramarital sex, becoming the victim of rape,
8030:
states that "he prevailing assumption is that where conscription is necessary, it is only men who should be conscripted and, similarly, that only males should be forced into combat". This, he believes, "is a sexist assumption". Anthropologist Ayse GĂŒl Altinay has commented that "given equal suffrage
7769:
argues that sexist jokes can be a form of sexual objectification, which reduce the butt of the joke to an object. They not only objectify women, but can also condone violence or prejudice against women. "Sexist humorâthe denigration of women through humorâfor instance, trivializes sex discrimination
7272:
The non-adjusted gender pay gap (the difference without taking into account differences in working hours, occupations, education, and work experience) is not itself a measure of discrimination. Rather, it combines differences in the average pay of women and men to serve as a barometer of comparison.
7233:
show that a much of the wage differential remains unexplained, after controlling for factors affecting pay. One study of college graduates found that the portion of the pay gap unexplained after all other factors are taken into account is five percent one year after graduating and 12% a decade after
7199:
In the United States, the female-to-male earnings ratio was 0.77 in 2009; female full-time, year-round (FTYR) workers earned 77% as much as male FTYR workers. Women's earnings relative to men's fell from 1960 to 1980 (56.7â54.2%), rose rapidly from 1980 to 1990 (54.2â67.6%), leveled off from 1990 to
8752:
Research by Lisak and Roth into factors motivating perpetrators of sexual assault, including rape, against women revealed a pattern of hatred towards women and pleasure in inflicting psychological and physical trauma, rather than sexual interest. Mary Odem and Peggy Reeves Sanday posit that rape is
8585:
courts), Egypt (in family courts), Iran (in most cases), Iraq (in some cases), Jordan (in Sharia courts), Kuwait (in family courts), Libya (in some cases), Morocco (in family cases), Palestine (in cases related to marriage, divorce and child custody), Qatar (in family law matters), Syria (in Sharia
8119:
which reads: "(1) Nothing is an offence which does not amount to the infliction of grievous hurt upon any persons which is done: (...) (d) by a husband for the purpose of correcting his wife, such husband and wife being subject to any native law or custom in which such correction is recognized
8057:
Conditions in the military have been described as "sexually abusive" and the "sexual persecution" of women. Relentless sexist ridicule, hostility, and sexual harassment has been frequently reported. Women in the military are more likely to be raped by a male fellow soldier than killed by the enemy.
7699:. Sex workers are often objectified and are seen as existing only to serve clients, thus calling their sense of agency into question. There is a prevailing notion that because they sell sex professionally, prostitutes automatically consent to all sexual contact. As a result, sex workers face higher
7322:
In the United States, women account for 52% of the overall labor force, but make up only three percent of corporate CEOs and top executives. Some researchers see the root cause of this situation in the tacit discrimination based on gender, conducted by current top executives and corporate directors
7228:
Estimates of the discriminatory component of the gender pay gap vary. The OECD estimated that approximately 30% of the gender pay gap across OECD countries is because of discrimination. Australian research shows that discrimination accounts for approximately 60% of the wage differential between men
7211:
The gender gap can also vary across-occupation and within occupation. In Taiwan, for example, studies show how the bulk of gender wage discrepancies occur within-occupation. In Russia, research shows that the gender wage gap is distributed unevenly across income levels, and that it mainly occurs at
7158:
In Europe, studies based on field experiments in the labor market, provide evidence for no severe levels of discrimination based on female gender. However, unequal treatment is still measured in particular situations, for instance, when candidates apply for positions at a higher functional level in
2693:
While almost every woman today has the right to vote, there is still progress to be made for women in politics. Studies have shown that in several democracies including Australia, Canada, and the United States, women are still represented using gender stereotypes in the press. Multiple authors have
2633:
Women are frequently treated as property, they are sold into marriage, into trafficking, into sexual slavery. Violence against women frequently takes the form of sexual violence. Victims of such violence are often accused of promiscuity and held responsible for their fate, while infertile women are
8709:
are often investigated by the police under suspicion of having deliberately provoked the miscarriage and are sometimes jailed, a practice which Amnesty International called a "ruthless campaign against women's rights". Doctors may be reluctant to treat pregnant women who are very ill, because they
8655:
Transgender people face widespread discrimination while incarcerated. They are generally housed according to their legal birth sex, rather than their gender identity. Studies have shown that transgender people are at an increased risk for harassment and sexual assault in this environment. They may
7890:
suffer "the combination of anti-transgender bias and persistent, structural and individual racism" and that "black transgender people live in extreme poverty that is more than twice the rate for transgender people of all races (15%), four times the general Black population rate (9%) and over eight
7636:
We define pornography as the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures and words that also includes (i) women are presented dehumanized as sexual objects, things, or commodities; or (ii) women are presented as sexual objects who enjoy humiliation or pain; or (iii) women are
7185:
Studies have concluded that on average women earn lower wages than men worldwide. Some people argue that this results from widespread gender discrimination in the workplace. Others argue that the wage gap results from different choices by men and women, such as women placing more value than men on
7154:
One study found that female applicants were favored; however, its results have been met with skepticism from other researchers, since it contradicts most other studies on the issue. Joan C. Williams, a distinguished professor at the University of California's Hastings College of Law, raised issues
15783:
Power. Ideologies. Rituals., p. 47 "despite their exclusion from the sphere of power, women were sometimes subjected to conscription not only in the Byzantine Empire, but in any other parts of Europe too"; p. 66: "After that in 811 Krum mobilized thousands of armed women in the battle against the
14398:
By insisting that "pornography" instills misogynistic attitudes, or even behavior, in viewers-or at least male viewers-the feminist pro-censorship faction ignores the subjective, complex nature of the interactions between an individual and a text or an image. This reductionist approach denies the
8811:
Sexism is manifested by the crime of rape targeting women civilians and soldiers, committed by soldiers, combatants or civilians during armed conflict, war or military occupation. This arises from the long tradition of women being seen as sexual booty and from the misogynistic culture of military
8678:
A 2017 study by Knepper found that "female plaintiffs filing workplace sex discrimination claims are substantially more likely to settle and win compensation whenever a female judge is assigned to the case. Additionally, female judges are 15 percentage points less likely than male judges to grant
7667:
Pornography affects people's belief in rape myths. So for example if a woman says "I didn't consent" and people have been viewing pornography, they believe rape myths and believe the woman did consent no matter what she said. That when she said no, she meant yes. When she said she didn't want to,
7410:
and experiences of their formative years, and that Nixon had been socialized as a male growing up, and that, therefore, Nixon would not be able to provide sufficiently effective counselling to the female born women that the shelter served. Nixon took her case to the Supreme Court of Canada, which
7375:
Transgender people also experience significant workplace discrimination and harassment. Unlike sex-based discrimination, refusing to hire (or firing) a worker for their gender identity or expression is not explicitly illegal in most U.S. states. In June 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled
8258:
Gender bias and gender-based discrimination still permeate the education process in many settings. For example, in the teaching and learning process, including differential engagement, expectations and interactions by teachers with their male and female students, as well as gender stereotypes in
7757:
on males, Samantha and Bridges found an effect on body shame, though not through self-objectification as it was found in comparable studies of women. The authors conclude that the current measures of objectification were designed for women and do not measure men accurately. Another study found a
7342:
Research by David Matsa and Amalia Miller suggests that a remedy to the glass ceiling could be increasing the number of women on corporate boards, which could lead to increases in the number of women working in top management positions. The same research suggests that this could also result in a
7330:
In the economics profession, it has been observed that women are more inclined than men to dedicate their time to teaching and service. Since continuous research work is crucial for promotion, "the cumulative effect of small, contemporaneous differences in research orientation could generate the
2829:
studies have found widely shared cultural beliefs that men are more socially valued and more competent than women in a number of activities. Dustin B. Thoman and others (2008) hypothesize that "he socio-cultural salience of ability versus other components of the gender-math stereotype may impact
9253:
Sexism is any act, attitude, or institutional configuration that systematically subordinates or devalues women. Built upon the belief that men and women are constitutionally different, sexism takes these differences as indications that men are inherently superior to women, which then is used to
7749:
Some scholars believe that media portrayals of demographic groups can both maintain and disrupt attitudes and behaviors toward those groups. According to Susan Douglas: "Since the early 1990s, much of the media have come to overrepresent women as having made it-completely-in the professions, as
7579:
While advertising used to portray women and men in obviously stereotypical roles (e.g., as a housewife, breadwinner), in modern advertisements, they are no longer solely confined to their traditional roles. However, advertising today still stereotypes men and women, albeit in more subtle ways,
7224:
shows that men are eight times more likely to ask for a pay raise, suggesting that pay inequality may be partly a result of behavioral differences between the sexes. However, studies generally find that a portion of the gender pay gap remains unexplained after accounting for factors assumed to
9591:
Gender or Sex Discrimination: This term refers to the types of gender bias that have a negative impact. The term has legal, as well as theoretical and psychological, definitions. Psychological consequences can be more readily inferred from the latter, but both definitions are of significance.
7355:
women were significantly underrepresented among company bosses, making up between five and 22% of female CEOs. However, the proportion of overweight male CEOs was between 45% and 61%, over-representing overweight men. On the other hand, approximately five percent of CEOs were obese among both
7260:
Research at Cornell University and elsewhere indicates that mothers in the United States are less likely to be hired than equally qualified fathers and, if hired, receive a lower salary than male applicants with children. The OECD found that "a significant impact of children on women's pay is
7114:
many countries, labour market discriminationâi.e. the unequal treatment of equally productive individuals only because they belong to a specific groupâis still a crucial factor inflating disparities in employment and the quality of job opportunities Evidence presented in this edition of the
2533:, the Family Code states that the husband is the head of the household; the wife owes her obedience to her husband; a wife has to live with her husband wherever he chooses to live; and wives must have their husbands' authorization to bring a case in court or initiate other legal proceedings.
7327:, preventing women from accessing powerful, male-dominated professional networks, or same-sex mentors". The glass ceiling effect is noted as being especially persistent for women of color. According to a report, "women of colour perceive a 'concrete ceiling' and not simply a glass ceiling".
7885:
The 2008â09 National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS)âa U.S. study by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force in collaboration with the National Black Justice Coalition that was, at its time, the most extensive survey of transgender
2665:
was not achieved until 1893, when New Zealand was the first country to grant women the right to vote. Saudi Arabia is the most recent country, as of August 2015, to extend the right to vote to women in 2011. Some Western countries allowed women the right to vote only relatively recently.
8247:
Educational opportunities and outcomes for women have greatly improved in the West. Since 1991, the proportion of women enrolled in college in the United States has exceeded the enrollment rate for men, and the gap has widened over time. As of 2007, women made up the majorityâ54%âof the
7946:, but occur in other parts of the world, too. The practice of marrying young girls is rooted in patriarchal ideologies of control of female behavior and is also sustained by traditional practices such as dowry and bride price. Child marriage is strongly connected with protecting female
7031:, some writers have pointed to sexism inherent in the structure of written characters. For example, the character for man is linked to those for positive qualities like courage and effect while the character for wife is composed of a female part and a broom, considered of low worth.
8364:
Interpretations of religion, culture, or tradition cannot justify imposing rules about dress on those who choose to dress differently. States should take measures to protect individuals from being coerced to dress in specific ways by family members, community or religious groups or
7155:
with its methodology, pointing out that the fictional female candidates it used were unusually well-qualified. Studies using more moderately qualified graduate students have found that male students are much more likely to be hired, offered better salaries, and offered mentorship.
2405:
All wickedness is but little to the wickedness of a woman ... What else is a woman but a foe to friendship, an inescapable punishment, a necessary evil, a natural temptation, a desirable calamity, a domestic danger, a delectable detriment, an evil of nature, painted with fair
8355:
Laws that dictate how women must dress are seen by many international human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International, as gender discrimination. In many countries, women face violence for failing to adhere to certain dress codes, whether by the authorities (such as the
7729:
Prostitution is the use of a woman's body by a man for his own satisfaction. There is no desire or satisfaction on the part of the prostitute. Prostitution is not mutual, pleasurable exchange of the use of bodies, but the unilateral use of a woman's body by a man in exchange for
7343:"feedback cycle in which the presence of more female managers increases the qualified pool of potential female board members (for the companies they manage, as well as other companies), leading to greater female board membership and then further increases in female executives".
7076:
The practice of using first names for individuals from a profession that is predominantly female occurs in health care. Physicians are typically referred to using their last name, but nurses are referred to, even by physicians they do not know, by their first name. According to
7580:
including by sexually objectifying them. Women are most often targets of sexism in advertising. When in advertisements with men they are often shorter and put in the background of images, shown in more "feminine" poses, and generally present a higher degree of "body display".
6973:
One of the most common calls is for gender-neutral language. Many have called attention, however, to the fact that the English language is not inherently sexist in its linguistic system, but the way it is used becomes sexist and gender-neutral language could thus be employed.
7049:. For example, one may refer to a female as a "girl" rather than a "woman", implying that she is subordinate or not fully mature. Other examples include obscene language. Some words are offensive to transgender people, including "tranny", "she-male", or "he-she". Intentional
2315:
depended on their fathers or husbands, but they had property rights and could attend court, including as plaintiffs. Examples of unequal treatment of women in the ancient world include written laws preventing women from participating in the political process; for instance,
2505:
Restrictions on married women's rights were common in Western countries until a few decades ago: for instance, French married women obtained the right to work without their husband's permission in 1965, and in West Germany women obtained this right in 1977. During the
2708:. Speaking about China, Lanyan Chen stated that, since men more than women serve as the gatekeepers of policy making, this may lead to women's needs not being properly represented. In this sense, the inequality in lawmaking power also causes gender discrimination.
8095:
is mostly committed by men against women. In addition, there is a broad consensus that women are more often subjected to severe forms of abuse and are more likely to be injured by an abusive partner. The United Nations recognizes domestic violence as a form of
7714:
Various authors have argued that female prostitution is based on male sexism that condones the idea that unwanted sex with a woman is acceptable, that men's desires must be satisfied, and that women are coerced into and exist to serve men sexually. The
7216:
and customer and employer bias). Women take significantly more time off to raise children than men. In certain countries such as South Korea, it has also been a long-established practice to lay-off female employees upon marriage. A study by Professor
2571:(OMCT) has recognized the "independence and ability to leave an abusive husband" as crucial in stopping mistreatment of women. However, in some parts of the world, once married, women have very little chance of leaving a violent husband: obtaining a
8318:
Feminists argue that clothing and footwear fashion have been oppressive to women, restricting their movements, increasing their vulnerability, and endangering their health. Using thin models in the fashion industry has encouraged the development of
7207:
Research conducted in Czechia and Slovakia shows that, even after the governments passed anti-discrimination legislation, two thirds of the gender gap in wages remained unexplained and segregation continued to "represent a major source of the gap".
8609:. It is meant to be applied when a person kills in the "heat of passion" upon being "provoked" by the behavior of the victim. This defense has been criticized as being gendered, favoring men, because of it being used disproportionately in cases of
7858:
Serano states that oppositional sexism works in tandem with "traditional sexism". This ensures that "those who are masculine have power over those who are feminine, and that only those that are born male will be seen as authentically masculine."
16328:
13678:
7758:
negative effect on eating attitudes and body satisfaction of consumption of beauty and fitness magazines for women and men respectively but again with different mechanisms, namely self-objectification for women and internalization for men.
7110:(OECD) found that while female employment rates have expanded and gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed nearly everywhere, on average women still have 20% less chance to have a job and are paid 17% less than men. The report stated:
2284:
Evidence is lacking to support the idea that many pre-agricultural societies afforded women a higher status than women today, however, historians are reasonably sure that women had roughly equal social power to men in many such societies.
18271:
20415:
8490:(Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo). One reason for this preference is that males are seen as generating more income than females. The trend has grown steadily over the previous decade, and may result in a future shortage of women.
7958:, encouraging premature and continuous child bearing and giving preference to boys' education. Child marriage is also a strategy for economic survival as families marry off their daughters at an early age to reduce their economic burden.
3819:
1034:
17373:
8411:
stated in a 2014 resolution that the practice "clearly goes against the European founding value of equality between women and men and maintains traditional values according to which women are seen as the objects and properties of men".
7706:
In many countries, prostitution is dominated by brothels or pimps, who often claim ownership over sex workers. This sense of ownership furthers the concept that sex workers are void of agency. This is literally the case in instances of
8500:
are also forms of gender-based violence. Forced sterilization was practiced during the first half of the 20th century by many Western countries and there are reports of this practice being currently employed in some countries, such as
11103:
Lelieveld, M. (2011) Child protection in the Somali region of Ethiopia. A report for the Bridges project Piloting the delivery of quality education services in the developing regional states of Ethiopia. Retrieved April 17, 2015 from
7794:
identified people. It is especially attributed to how people are treated in the workplace, and banning discrimination on the basis of gender identity and expression has emerged as a subject of contention in the American legal system.
7550:
According to objectification theory, objectification can have important repercussions on women, particularly young women, as it can negatively impact their psychological health and lead to the development of mental disorders, such as
17239:
7024:("the studying"). However, this approach introduces an element of ambiguity, because gerund nouns more precisely denote one currently engaged in the activity, rather than one who routinely engages in it as their primary occupation.
7676:) argue that pornography does not seriously impact a mentally healthy individual, since the viewer can distinguish between fantasy and reality. Some also contend that both men and women are objectified in pornography, particularly
8011:, or compulsory military service, has been criticized as sexist. During the Modern era, prior to the late 20th century, mostly men were subjected to conscription, although there were several instances of conscription of women in
7005:. Current pressure calls for the use of the masculine plural pronoun as the default in a mixed-sex group to change. As for Spanish, Mexico's Ministry of the Interior published a guide on how to reduce the use of sexist language.
8243:
study of Sri Lankan economic development has suggested that increases in the life expectancy for women encourages educational investment because a longer time horizon increases the value of investments that pay out over time.
7300:
estimated in 2016 that after allowing for average characteristics of men and women, women still earn 11.5% less than men. Since this estimate accounts for average differences between men and women, it is an estimation of the
2271:, the branch which polices and enforces patriarchal norms. Manne says that sexism often attempts to make patriarchal social arrangements seem natural, good, or inevitable so that there appears to be no reason to resist them.
7833:
Oppositional sexism normalizes masculine expression in males and feminine expression in females while simultaneously demonizing femininity in males and masculinity in females. This concept plays a crucial role in supporting
17553:
7319:"The popular notion of glass ceiling effects implies that gender (or other) disadvantages are stronger at the top of the hierarchy than at lower levels and that these disadvantages become worse later in a person's career."
2425:
When women are targeted with accusations of witchcraft and subsequent violence, it is often the case that several forms of discrimination interact â for example, discrimination based on gender with discrimination based on
8477:
Sex-selective abortion involves terminating a pregnancy based upon the predicted sex of the baby. The abortion of female fetuses is most common in areas where a culture values male children over females, such as parts of
8146:, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defense in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Peru, Syria, Venezuela, and the
2484:, where "by marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law; that is the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage". U.S. women were not legally defined as "persons" until 1875 (
17527:, Volume 3, p. 185. Before roughly this date various styles of long robes were in any case commonly worn by adult males of various sorts, so boys wearing them could probably not be said to form a distinct phenomenon.
13683:
8516:
In India, the custom of dowry is strongly related to female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment and mistreatment of girls. Such practices are especially present in the northwestern part of the country:
11045:
10887:
10725:
10669:"The law states: "The punishment of a wife by her husband, the disciplining by parents and teachers of children under their authority [is permitted] within certain limits prescribed by law or by custom""
9201:
as discrimination against either men or women on the grounds of sex, and also "any devaluation or denigration of women or men, but particularly women, which is embodied in institutions and social relationships".
7360:
effect' on women's advancement may reflect not only general negative stereotypes about the competencies of women but also weight bias that results in the application of stricter appearance standards to women."
12529:
7516:: treating the object as if there is no need for concern for its experiences or feelings: "The objectifier treats the object as something whose experience and feelings (if any) need not be taken into account."
8512:
interacting with the low status of women has been deemed responsible for many abuses, such as female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment of baby girls, forced abortion, and forced sterilization.
15656:
8764:(not assault by a stranger) is the most common form of rape. Odem also asserts that these rape myths propagate sexist attitudes about men, by perpetuating the belief that men cannot control their sexuality.
6919:. This results in sexism as the male becomes the standard and those who are not male are relegated to the inferior. Sexism in language is considered a form of indirect sexism because it is not always overt.
9314:
lies in its consequences: if it supports male privilege, then it is by definition sexist. I specify 'male privilege' because in every known society where gender inequality exists, males are privileged over
7499:: treating the object as lacking in boundary integrity and violable: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in boundary integrity, as something that it is permissible to break up, smash, break into."
13133:
2608:
Laws, regulations, and traditions related to marriage continue to discriminate against women in many parts of the world, and to contribute to the mistreatment of women, in particular in areas related to
9604:
De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.
7894:
In another study conducted in collaboration with the League of United Latin American Citizens, Latino/a transgender people who were non-citizens were most vulnerable to harassment, abuse and violence.
10914:"Combating extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in the Philippines by addressing their economic, social and cultural root causes"
8663:
as a form of capital punishment. According to Amnesty International, the majority of those stoned are women and women are disproportionately affected by stoning because of sexism in the legal system.
8648:
Gender discrimination also helps explain the differences between trial outcomes in which some female defendants are sentenced to death and other female defendants are sentenced to lesser punishments.
15809:Đ ŃŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐ” ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐŸĐČĐ”ĐșĐŸĐČĐœĐŸŃĐŸ ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”. ĐĐ”ŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐžŃŃ ĐżŃŃ ĐœĐ° бŃлгаŃĐžŃĐ” (VIIâXV ĐČ.)(in Bulgarian), pp. 91 "Furthermore Khan Krum subjected to conscription thousand of women and Avars in the Battle of Pliska"
8454:
is the systematic killing of members of a specific gender and it is an extreme form of gender-based violence. Female infanticide is more common than male infanticide, and is especially prevalent in
16706:
13688:
2634:
rejected by husbands, families and communities. In many countries, married women may not refuse to have sexual relations with their husbands, and often have no say in whether they use contraception
8210:
Women have traditionally had limited access to higher education. In the past, when women were admitted to higher education, they were encouraged to major in less-scientific subjects; the study of
7493:: treating the object as interchangeable with other objects: "The objectifier treats the object as interchangeable (a) with other objects of the same type, and/or (b) with objects of other types."
7151:
Research has repeatedly shown that mothers in the United States are less likely to be hired than equally qualified fathers and if hired, receive a lower salary than male applicants with children.
18269:
17354:
16194:
10366:
2605:: if the wife wants to leave, her husband may demand the return of the bride price that he had paid to the woman's family; and the woman's family often cannot or does not want to pay it back.
18595:
17249:
8637:
the theory that female defendants are more likely to cooperate with authorities, and that women are often successful at turning their violent crime into victimhood by citing defenses such as
8760:
argue that sexist attitudes are propagated by a series of myths about rape and rapists. They state that in contrast to those myths, rapists often plan a rape before they choose a victim and
7123:
percent of the variation in gender employment gaps and 30 percent of the variation in gender wage gaps across OECD countries can be explained by discriminatory practices in the labor market.
11106:
20389:
7230:
5060:
3785:
2418:. In 2011, a woman was beheaded in that country for "witchcraft and sorcery". Murders of women after being accused of witchcraft remain common in some parts of the world; for example, in
1000:
11019:
14916:
Morry, Marian M.; Staska, Sandra L. (2001). "Magazine exposure: Internalization, self-objectification, eating attitudes, and body satisfaction in male and female university students".
8697:
writes that, "Family planning is central to gender equality and women's empowerment". Women in many countries around the world are denied medical and informational services related to
22276:
8586:
courts), United Arab Emirates (in some civil matters), Yemen (not allowed to testify at all in cases of adultery and retribution), and Saudi Arabia. Such laws have been criticized by
7851:
The concept of opposite genders sets a "dangerous precedent", according to Serano, where "if men are big then women must be small; and if men are strong then women must be weak". The
7400:, they told Nixon that she would not be allowed to volunteer with the organization. Nixon argued that this constituted illegal discrimination under Section 41 of the British Columbia
4972:
16481:
8170:
defended the practice: "These are centuries-old traditions, and I will continue to defend them. Only those who indulge in immoral acts should be afraid." Following the 2006 case of
6970:, have considered language in their theorizing. Most of these theories have maintained a critical stance on language that calls for a change in the way speakers use their language.
2308:
After the adoption of agriculture and sedentary cultures, the concept that one gender was inferior to the other was established; most often this was imposed upon women and girls.
2237:
to describe how stereotypes about women can be both positive and negative, and that individuals compartmentalize the stereotypes they hold into hostile sexism or benevolent sexism.
17560:
10854:
7632:, argues that pornography reduces women to mere tools, and is a form of sex discrimination. The two scholars highlight the link between objectification and pornography by stating:
7045:
Gender-specific pejorative terms intimidate or harm another person because of their gender. Sexism can be expressed in language with negative gender-oriented implications, such as
8771:, rejected by their families, subjected to violence, andâin extreme casesâmay become victims of honor killings because they are deemed to have brought shame upon their families.
18507:
8622:
18795:
11660:
Thoman, Dustin B.; White, Paul H.; Yamawaki, Niwako; Koishi, Hirofumi (2008). "Variations of Genderâmath Stereotype Content Affect Women's Vulnerability to Stereotype Threat".
11202:
2178:
based on the belief that one sex is superior to another. It is discrimination, prejudice, or stereotyping based on gender, and is most often expressed toward women and girls.
19438:
18062:
10318:
7848:
calls a "compulsory practice of heterosexuality". Because oppositional sexism is tied to heteronormativity in this way, non-heterosexuals are seen as breaking gender norms.
16142:
7938:
A child marriage is a marriage where one or both spouses are under 18, a practice that disproportionately affects women. Child marriages are most common in South Asia, the
7571:
19324:
16058:
15096:
13075:
7257:. According to supply and demand, if women offered equal value demand (and wages) should rise since they offer a better price (lower wages) for their service than men do.
7143:
of 2005, responders were asked if they thought wage work should be restricted to men only. In Iceland, the percentage that agreed was 3.6%, whereas in Egypt it was 94.9%.
18042:
13225:
11049:
18571:"Unlike race and ethnic discrimination, however, the evidence is more consistent that part of this gap is due to different treatment of offenders based on their gender."
18505:"Unlike race and ethnic discrimination, however, the evidence is more consistent that part of this gap is due to different treatment of offenders based on their gender."
14945:
7766:
11870:
Mille, Katherine Wyly and Paul McIlvenny. "Gender and Spoken Interaction: A Survey of Feminist Theories and Sociolinguistic Research in the United States and Britain."
10732:
14844:
Rendon, M. J.; Nicolas, G. (2012). "Deconstructing the portrayals of Haitian women in the media: A thematic analysis of images in the Associated Press Photo Archive".
7878:
other facilities, dress codes according to binary gender codes, and lack of access to and existence of appropriate health care services. In a recent adjudication, the
7818:, who defined oppositional sexism as "the belief that male and female are rigid, mutually exclusive categories". Oppositional sexism plays a vital role in a number of
13256:
8034:
Only nine countries conscript women into their armed forces: China, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Norway, Peru, and Taiwan. Other countriesâsuch as
5055:
18760:
15663:
7507:: treating the object as if it can be owned, bought, or sold: "The objectifier treats the object as something that is owned by another, can be bought or sold, etc."
20878:
13180:
8335:
wrote that "pink being a more decided and stronger colour, is more suitable for the boy, while blue, which is more delicate and dainty, is prettier for the girl".
8154:
Practices such as honor killings and stoning continue to be supported by mainstream politicians and other officials in some countries. In Pakistan, after the 2008
7012:
sometimes used instead, as this eliminates the grammatical gender distinction in the plural, and significantly reduces it in the singular. For example, instead of
4288:
2697:
There is a widespread imbalance of lawmaking power between men and women. The ratio of women to men in legislatures is used as a measure of gender equality in the
2401:, the book which played a major role in the witch hunts and trials, the author argues that women are more likely to practice witchcraft than men, and writes that:
1503:
12585:
7200:
2000 (67.6â71.2%) and rose from 2000 to 2009 (71.2â77.0%). As of the late 2010s, it has decreased back to around 1990 to 2000 levels (68.6-71.1%). When the first
22232:
15759:
13140:
12040:
8805:
4987:
15479:
10812:
21435:
19946:
18407:
17086:
14720:
Halliwell, E.; Malson, H.; Tischner, I. (2011). "Are contemporary media images which seem to display women as sexually empowering actually harmful to women?".
7107:
3334:
549:
10477:
14990:
Ford, Thomas E.; Boxer, Christie F.; Armstrong, Jacob; Edel, Jessica R. (2007). "More Than "Just a Joke": The Prejudice Releasing Function of Sexist Humor".
14045:
12123:
8767:
Sexism can promote the stigmatization of women and girls who have been raped and inhibit recovery. In many parts of the world, women who have been raped are
18240:
13411:
8652:
argues that female defendants are more likely to be sentenced to death for crimes that violate gender norms, such as killing children or killing strangers.
22308:
18326:
16697:
11072:
7127:
It also found that although almost all OECD countries, including the U.S., have established anti-discrimination laws, these laws are difficult to enforce.
4977:
2556:
states that, "The husband shall not, in default of payment of the dower, force the woman to consummate the marriage", implying that, if the dower is paid,
17523:'She Hath Over Grown All that She Ever Hath': Children's Clothing in the Lisle Letters, 1533â40", in Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors,
16728:
8046:âstill use a system of conscription which requires military service from men only, although women may serve voluntarily. In 2014, Norway became the first
20149:
3545:
2472:. According to Amnesty International, "he ongoing reality of dowry-related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property."
760:
14412:
22318:
5094:
2687:
19451:
16439:
A conflict analysis of domestic violence, for example, would begin by noting that women are battered far more often and far more severely than are men
13020:
12166:
11726:
8340:
dresses and skirts, but this is also a relatively recent view. From the mid-16th century until the late 19th or early 20th century, young boys in the
2725:
like the way men would stand up when a woman enters the room. Even though the lawsuit was dropped, the restaurant ended its gender-based menu policy.
21273:
20656:
18603:
16833:
16750:
16609:
14480:
10374:
8217:
Educational specialties in higher education produce and perpetuate inequality between men and women. Disparity persists particularly in computer and
7443:. Feminist writer and gender equality activist Joy Goh-Mah argues that by being objectified, a person is denied agency. According to the philosopher
4699:
4060:
1914:
1275:
13529:
McDowell, John M.; Singell, Larry D. Jr.; Ziliak, James P. (1999). "Cracks in the Glass Ceiling: Gender and Promotion in the Economics Profession".
23424:
20100:
18355:
17446:
11782:
10121:
Wu ćŽ, Xiaohua æć (2009). "ćšä»Łç·ć„łè§èČćźäœćć
¶ćŻčç°ä»Łç€ŸäŒçćœ±ć" [Role orientation of men and women in the Zhou Dynasty and their effects on modern society].
8731:
6926:
Using generic masculine terms to reference a group of mixed gender, such as "mankind", "man" (referring to humanity), "guys", or "officers and men"
6402:
4831:
3496:
2046:
711:
18573:
14809:
Watson, L. B.; Robinson, D.; Dispenza, F.; Nazari, N. (2012). "African American women's sexual objectification experiences: A qualitative study".
12842:
Zveglich, Joseph E. Jr.; Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen (2004). "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in a Dynamic East Asian Economy".
12663:
Petit, P. (2007). "The effects of age and family constraints on gender hiring discrimination: A field experiment in the French financial sector".
11113:
10460:
7334:
The United Nations asserts that "progress in bringing women into leadership and decision making positions around the world remains far too slow".
19035:
17327:
16587:
16564:
12995:
11872:
10668:
9024:
8111:(UAE)'s Supreme Court ruled that a man has the right to discipline his wife and children physically if he does not leave visible marks. In 2015,
7655:
Some people opposed to pornography, including MacKinnon, charge that the production of pornography entails physical, psychological, and economic
16219:
12424:
9254:
justify the nearly universal dominance of men in social and familial relationships, as well as politics, religion, language, law, and economics.
23180:
20021:
17782:
17768:
16511:
15931:
7598:
Other countries continue to ban nudity (on traditional obscenity grounds), but also make explicit reference to sexual objectification, such as
6233:
3409:
2749:
624:
17647:
23957:
22892:
22313:
17873:
16874:
Fox, M.; Sonnert, G.; Nikiforova, I. (2011). "Programs for Undergraduate Women in Science and Engineering: Issues, Problems, and Solutions".
15654:
Pathfinder International/Ethiopia (2006) Report on causes and consequences of early marriage in Amhara region. Retrieved April 18, 2015 from
15509:"Article 16: Right to marriage and family and to equal rights of men and women during and after marriage | Case Study: Forced Early Marriage"
15253:
8718:
and life: "or the woman who needs her husband's consent to get contraception, the consequences of discrimination can be seriousâeven fatal".
8239:
groups. According to 2010 UN estimates, only Afghanistan, Pakistan and Yemen had less than 90 girls per 100 boys at school. Jayachandran and
7186:
having children, and men being more likely than women to choose careers in high paying fields such as business, engineering, and technology.
5786:
19443:
16110:
12067:
8625:(OHCHR) has called for "the elimination of discriminatory provisions in the legislation, including mitigating factors for 'crimes of passion
22093:
20661:
18842:
17902:
Goodkind, Daniel (1999). "Should Prenatal Sex Selection be Restricted?: Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy".
16080:
12807:
8952:
7196:
in 2008. Similarly, the OECD found that female full-time employees earned 27% less than their male counterparts in OECD countries in 2009.
4065:
1280:
18130:
15278:
12403:
10913:
10644:
8178:, a senior envoy and chief of Iran's Human Rights Council, defended the practice of stoning; he claimed it was a "lesser punishment" than
20631:
20242:
19784:
17727:
12189:
10864:
4035:
3638:
3164:
1250:
853:
379:
16489:
16022:
8031:
rights, there is no other citizenship practice that differentiates as radically between men and women as compulsory male conscription".
7855:
and oppositional norms work together to support "traditional sexism", the belief that femininity is inferior to and serves masculinity.
2227:
define sexism as prejudice held by individuals that encompasses "negative attitudes and values about women as a group." Peter Glick and
21428:
19931:
18373:
15688:
15042:"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)"
14992:
13659:
12159:
Transgender Best Practices Taskforce & Gender Identity and Expression Sub-Committee of the Diversity and Social Justice Committee.
11904:
11814:
11406:
11138:
8701:, including access to pregnancy care, family planning, and contraception. In countries with very strict abortion laws (particularly in
8058:
Prosecution of the reported crimes fails to move forward, as the Pentagon claimed it would undermine the leadership of the commanders.
6901:
3319:
534:
18514:
22291:
19222:
18429:
17211:
Younger, Michael; Warrington, Molly; Williams, Jacquetta (1999). "The Gender Gap and Classroom Interactions: Reality and rhetoric?".
13765:
8135:
5077:
5072:
2589:, a wife who leaves her marital home risks being imprisoned for "running away". In addition, many former British colonies, including
13115:
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22303:
19866:
19754:
19487:
18070:
12156:
11950:
10625:
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8128:
7261:
generally found in the United Kingdom and the United States". Fathers earn $ 7,500 more, on average, than men without children do.
7235:
5731:
5089:
3246:
3134:
461:
349:
18661:
Knepper, Matthew (2017). "When the Shadow is the Substance: Judge Gender and the Outcomes of Workplace Sex Discrimination Cases".
16938:
11700:
11283:"Experts in women's anti-discrimination committee raise questions concerning reports of Switzerland on compliance with convention"
10181:
16125:
14918:
13846:
11260:
9616:
8578:
7887:
7879:
7081:, a typical conversation between a physician and a nurse is: "Hello Jane. I'm Dr. Smith. Would you hand me the patient's chart?"
18184:
16455:
15508:
15420:
15104:
12497:
9876:
9773:
8214:
in American and British colleges and universities was instituted as a field considered suitable to women's "lesser intellects".
23402:
21374:
20105:
19876:
19694:
19679:
19674:
19520:
18210:
16913:
12999:
12692:
Weichselbaumer, D. (2004). "Is it sex or personality? The impact of sex stereotypes on discrimination in applicant selection".
12261:
OECD Employment Outlook. Chapter 3: The Price of Prejudice: Labour Market Discrimination on the Grounds of Gender and Ethnicity
12212:
Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care
8290:
7978:, a practice in which a man abducts the woman or girl whom he wishes to marry and rapes her to force the marriage is common in
7389:
7088:
Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care
7040:
6211:
4904:
4800:
3501:
3256:
3074:
3059:
3054:
2886:
2015:
716:
471:
289:
274:
269:
101:
14537:
8645:. However, none of these theories account for the total disparity, and sexism has also been suggested as an underlying cause.
8054:
government started preparing a gender-neutral draft law. The gender selective draft has been challenged in the United States.
23962:
23718:
23190:
23004:
21421:
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19659:
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19304:
19267:
19214:
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18928:
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17367:
17337:
17195:
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16783:
16432:
16400:
Women are more often the victims of domestic violence than men and are more likely to suffer injuries and health consequences
16393:
15998:
15960:
15908:
15880:
15848:
15791:
15725:
15208:
15176:
15139:
15080:
14793:
14768:
14669:
14610:
14180:
13912:
13346:
12618:
11765:
11647:
11581:
11487:
11429:
Kittilson, Miki Caul; Fridkin, Kim (2008). "Gender, Candidate Portrayals and Election Campaigns: A Comparative Perspective".
11161:
11029:
10155:
10105:
10069:
10012:
9981:
9952:
9916:
9887:
9846:
9809:
9784:
9747:
9709:
9577:
9541:
9471:
9400:
9370:
9333:
9300:
9269:
9246:
9217:
9190:
9166:
9113:
9084:
9061:
6850:
6696:
5898:
4899:
3324:
3039:
2564:, and its image as a progressive country in the region, arguing that discrimination against women remains very strong there.
2518:
was abolished in 1975. In Australia, until 1983, a married woman's passport application had to be authorized by her husband.
539:
254:
18154:
16265:
14879:
Daniel, Samantha; Bridges, Sara K. (2010). "The drive for muscularity in men: Media influences and objectification theory".
23816:
23786:
20437:
19759:
19571:
18348:
15534:
15389:
14016:"Snapshots of Men and Women in Interaction: An Investigation of Stereotypes in Print Advertisement Relationship Portrayals"
12939:
Yoo, Gyeongjoon (2003). "Quality of Life Across Population Groups: Women in the Workplace: Gender and Wage Differentials".
12727:
10192:
9458:
9179:
7962:
Consequences of child marriage include restricted education and employment prospects, increased risk of domestic violence,
7439:
is the act of treating a person as an object or thing. Objectification plays a central role in feminist theory, especially
7402:
7238:
found that women graduates in the United States are paid less than men doing the same work and majoring in the same field.
6819:
6749:
6059:
5042:
4824:
3841:
3139:
2945:
2679:
2039:
1056:
354:
160:
13027:
Report to the Office for Women, Department of Families, Community Services, Housing and Indigenous Affairs, 2009, p. v-vi.
10341:
7974:. In some cases, a woman or girl who has been raped may be forced to marry her rapist to restore the honor of her family;
23833:
23791:
23541:
23377:
22950:
21083:
20753:
20666:
20557:
20232:
20052:
19684:
19669:
14263:
14139:
13822:
13739:
13184:
8574:
8518:
7159:
Belgium, when they apply at their fertile ages in France, and when they apply for male-dominated occupations in Austria.
6935:
Using unnecessary gender markers, such as "male nurse" implying that simply a "nurse" is by default assumed to be female.
6829:
6824:
6519:
6243:
5844:
4501:
4157:
4070:
3961:
3628:
3446:
3064:
3049:
2325:
1716:
1372:
1285:
1176:
843:
661:
279:
264:
17467:
16971:
16652:
Working towards the elimination of crimes against women committed in the name of honour: Report of the Secretary-General
13206:
11328:
8736:
2138:, the term "sexism" was most likely coined on November 18, 1965, by Pauline M. Leet during a "Student-Faculty Forum" at
22551:
22286:
22281:
22141:
21926:
20651:
20132:
18820:
16623:
15749:
14700:
12012:
Carson, Culley Jane (January 1, 1993). "Attacking a Legacy of Sexist Grammar in the French Class: A Modest Beginning".
11354:
10392:
10277:
9565:
Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination: Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions
8192:, "the ongoing reality of dowry-related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property".
7193:
6044:
5067:
5047:
4055:
3528:
2626:
2568:
2358:"The Hammer of Witches which destroyeth Witches and their heresy as with a two-edged sword". Title page of the seventh
1270:
743:
19191:
Atwell, Mary Welek. 2002. 'Equal Protection of the Law?: Gender and Justice in the United States'. New York: P. Lang.
12044:
11073:"Protecting the girl child: Using the law to end child, early and forced marriage and related human rights violations"
6932:
Terms ending in "-man" that may be performed by those of non-male genders, such as businessman, chairman, or policeman
5212:
23806:
22830:
22403:
22351:
20299:
20137:
19623:
19601:
17120:
16048:
15816:
15483:
14299:
14291:
14216:
14208:
13631:
9835:
9486:
Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice,
8997:
8877:
7971:
7872:
7385:
employees from being fired based on their sexual orientation or gender identity in businesses of 15 workers or less.
6855:
6834:
6769:
6737:
5724:
5552:
3695:
3533:
2995:
2975:
2779:
2553:
2333:
910:
748:
210:
190:
20:
22704:
18411:
17817:
17090:
16168:
14342:
14230:
12162:
Report on Inclusion of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Students Best Practices, Assessment and Recommendations
10418:
5509:
2585:
separation (moving away from the marital home) is also impossible because of laws preventing this. For instance, in
2094:, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster
23269:
22847:
22256:
22188:
22008:
21036:
20873:
20773:
20237:
20127:
19156:
18431:
Explaining the Gender Gap in Sentencing Outcomes: An Investigation of Differential Treatment in U.S. Federal Courts
16247:"The Catch-22 of Females Reporting Sexual Assault in the Military: A Cause for Holistic International Intervention"
15840:
15453:
15286:
12386:
12140:
11754:
10556:
Trzcinski, E.; Holst, E. (2012). "Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being In and Out of Management Positions".
10481:
9905:
8263:
and learning materials. There has been a lack in adequate resources and infrastructure to ensure safe and enabling
6174:
5741:
5012:
4454:
4283:
4177:
3633:
3523:
2160:
1669:
1498:
1392:
848:
738:
19383:. (Sixth chapter: "Math error number 6: Simpson's paradox. The Berkeley sex bias case: discrimination detection").
19220:
Bojarska, Katarzyna (2012). "Responding to lexical stimuli with gender associations: A CognitiveâCultural Model".
16246:
14088:
11828:
Kennison, S.; Trofe, J. (2003). "Comprehending Pronouns: A Role for Word-Specific Gender Stereotype Information".
22328:
22251:
20626:
20144:
19906:
19699:
18248:
18111:
16385:
13979:
13419:
12891:
11594:
Wagner, David G.; Berger, Joseph (1997). "Gender and Interpersonal Task Behaviors: Status Expectation Accounts".
10938:
9173:
Defines sexism as "thought or practice which may permeate language and which assumes women's inferiority to men".
8388:
8142:
The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honor defense in
7606:
that "depicts sexual humiliation or abasement, or presents a human being as an object available for sexual use".
5022:
4967:
4817:
4030:
3540:
3294:
3079:
2597:, under which a wife may be ordered by court to return to her husband; if she fails to do so, she may be held in
2156:
2032:
1245:
755:
509:
294:
18334:
17676:
14134:
13817:
13325:
11351:
11079:
10757:
Sfeir, George N. (January 1, 1957). "The Tunisian Code of Personal Status (Majallat Al-Ahw Al Al-Shakhsiy Ah)".
8107:
Domestic violence is tolerated and even legally accepted in many parts of the world. For instance, in 2010, the
7897:
An updated version of the NTDS survey, called the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, was published in December 2016.
2525:
marriage regulations state that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission. In
2293:
23708:
23387:
23348:
23284:
23145:
22632:
22333:
19769:
17023:
15048:
14318:
13873:
13486:
13038:
9418:
9359:
8694:
8467:
8147:
7838:, the social norm that views cisgender people as both natural and privileged as opposed to transgender people.
7799:
7575:
Women examining a bulletin board posted on a fence. An advertisement painted above them asks "Are You a Woman?"
7376:
that federal civil rights law protects gay, lesbian and transgender workers. Writing for the majority, Justice
6894:
6686:
6341:
6307:
6216:
5694:
5007:
3149:
2682:. French women were granted the right to vote in 1944. In Greece, women obtained the right to vote in 1952. In
2594:
2447:
364:
19911:
16348:
Dobash, R. P.; Dobash, R. E.; Wilson, M.; Daly, M. (1992). "The Myth of Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence".
16195:"Women In Army Special Ops Face 'Blatant Sexism' And Must Wear Equipment That Doesn't Fit, According To Study"
8679:
motions filed by defendants, which suggests that final negotiations are shaped by the emergence of the bias."
7396:, had been interested in volunteering as a counsellor with the shelter. When the shelter learned that she was
3299:
514:
23972:
23781:
23771:
23713:
23289:
22271:
22261:
22098:
21305:
21021:
19749:
19391:
19318:
19314:
16808:
15318:"The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health"
14722:
14581:
14410:
13974:
13930:
12448:
10840:
9068:
Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex".
8188:
result from the killing of women who are unable to pay the high dowry price for their marriage. According to
7615:
7066:
6799:
6789:
6691:
6221:
6039:
5136:
5037:
5017:
4731:
4439:
3129:
2792:
A 2021 study found little evidence that levels of sexism had changed from 2004 to 2018 in the United States.
2536:
Abuses and discriminatory practices against women in marriage are often rooted in financial payments such as
2139:
1946:
1654:
344:
19448:
19425:
18796:"El Salvador: Total ban on abortion is killing women and girls and condemning others to decades behind bars"
17519:
Melanie Scheussler suggests a date of post-1540 for England, France, and the Low Countries; see Scheussler,
12160:
11730:
11538:
Archer, Allison M N; Kam, Cindy D (2021). "Modern Sexism in Modern Times Public Opinion in the #Metoo Era".
8131:
states that, "onour crimes, including killing, are one of history's oldest forms of gender-based violence".
7351:
A 2009 study found that being overweight harms women's career advancement, but presents no barrier for men.
5305:
5146:
2805:
23821:
23746:
23601:
22954:
22909:
22902:
22472:
22296:
22266:
22083:
20584:
20532:
19510:
19480:
19161:
17294:
17144:
16295:
15561:
13094:
13014:
12751:. Current Population Reports, P60-238, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010, pp. 7 and 50.
8201:
7700:
7628:
contributes to sexism by objectifying women and portraying them in submissive roles. MacKinnon, along with
6779:
6754:
6579:
5848:
5803:
5796:
5082:
5032:
5027:
3988:
3936:
2876:
2530:
2369:
1203:
1151:
91:
27:
19387:
16601:
15637:
15254:"The EEOC Rules That Transgender Discrimination Is Sex Discrimination: The Reasoning Behind That Decision"
13564:
McKay, Steven C. (2006). "Hard Drives and Glass Ceilings: Gender Stratification in High-Tech Production".
13260:
12926:
11306:"Ordonnance du 21 avril 1944 relative à l'organisation des pouvoirs publics en France aprÚs la Libération"
9026:
From access to empowerment: UNESCO strategy for gender equality in and through education 2019-2025
5288:
23811:
23756:
23751:
23648:
23633:
23623:
23247:
22852:
22323:
21216:
21068:
20487:
20095:
20041:
19460:
17407:
17299:
16996:
14562:
12125:
Guidance for schools on preventing and responding to sexist, sexual and transphobic bullying: quick guide
10726:"Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women: Supplement to the "Harmful Practices" against Women"
9123:
usually refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls.
8542:
8463:
8459:
8050:
country to introduce obligatory military service for women as an act of gender equality and in 2015, the
7744:
6929:
Using the singular masculine pronoun (he, his, him) as the default to refer to a person of unknown gender
6784:
6774:
6744:
6626:
6611:
6601:
6189:
6054:
6049:
5746:
5324:
4914:
4642:
4486:
3891:
3491:
3429:
1857:
1701:
1106:
706:
644:
19287:, Blackwell Companions to Philosophy, Oxford, UK; Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, pp.
15279:"Injustice at every turn: A look at Black respondents in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey"
13604:
11184:
10255:
9239:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History, Volume 6: The Modern World
8000:
7305:
gender pay gap (i.e., that which cannot be accounted for by factors such as differences in profession).
23977:
23905:
23892:
23372:
23264:
22088:
21998:
21758:
21325:
20117:
19804:
19525:
19349:
19331:
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment
18626:
18449:
17702:
16133:
15872:
15199:
Pedersen, Paul; Lonner, Walter; Draguns, Juris; Trimble, Joseph; ScharrĂłn-del RĂo, MarĂa, eds. (2015).
14278:
13327:
A decomposition of the unadjusted gender pay gap using structure of earnings survey data â 2018 edition
12665:
11789:
11509:
11171:
10558:
10445:
9533:
8842:
8171:
8155:
6727:
6314:
5612:
4909:
4751:
3513:
3184:
2891:
2701:
2244:
defines sexism as a system of oppression that results in disadvantages for women. Feminist philosopher
1966:
728:
399:
106:
34:
19355:
Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)." July 15, 2013. Available (online): www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40934.pdf
16665:
16556:
13629:
Roehling, Patricia V. (2009). "Weight discrimination and the glass ceiling effect among top US CEOs".
13441:
Cotter, David A.; Hermsen, Joan M.; Ovadia, Seth; Vanneman, Reeve (2001). "The Glass Ceiling Effect".
10675:
7277:
occupational segregation (with more men in higher paid industries and women in lower paid industries),
5114:
2376:
Sexism may have been the impetus that fueled the witch trials between the 15th and 18th centuries. In
23561:
23195:
22867:
22711:
21738:
20678:
20492:
20394:
20279:
19953:
19921:
19581:
19515:
18619:"Comparing Apples to Oranges: Differences in Women's and Men's Incarceration and Sentencing Outcomes"
18545:
17860:
16220:"Female soldiers in Army special operations face rampant sexism and harassment, military report says"
14950:
13679:"Bias in the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination"
12844:
12446:
Correll, Shelley; Benard, Stephen; Paik, In (2007). "Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty?".
11879:
11596:
8977:
8745:
8538:
8404:
8393:
8383:
8295:
8043:
7716:
7552:
6887:
6539:
6319:
5761:
5570:
5516:
4082:
3896:
3790:
3675:
3341:
3309:
2955:
2881:
2147:
1297:
1111:
1005:
890:
556:
524:
170:
96:
19074:
18976:
Bohmer, Carol (1991). "Acquaintance rape and the law". In Parrot, Andrea; Bechhofer, Laurie (eds.).
17786:
17760:
16579:
16515:
12462:
10572:
10529:
8428:
8091:
Although the exact rates are widely disputed, there is a large body of cross-cultural evidence that
7245:
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and ethnicity, U.S., 2009
7225:
influence earnings; the unexplained portion of the wage gap is attributed to gender discrimination.
7050:
2825:
Gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about the characteristics and behavior of women and men.
23967:
23828:
23766:
23761:
23663:
23459:
23397:
22959:
22770:
22726:
22699:
22546:
22457:
20938:
20826:
20673:
20442:
20379:
20214:
20169:
20031:
19916:
19898:
19834:
19764:
19638:
18879:
18774:
18721:
16138:
14120:
13494:
12694:
9377:
Sexism, or prejudice toward one sex (almost always women), has existed throughout recorded history.
8872:
8558:
8439:"Crack down on medically unnecessary fetus sex identification and pregnancy termination practices."
8371:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6761:
6641:
6437:
6199:
5853:
5655:
5531:
5504:
5417:
5317:
4348:
4236:
4077:
3846:
3775:
3610:
3565:
3419:
3304:
3284:
3214:
3144:
3010:
2197:
1563:
1451:
1292:
1061:
990:
825:
780:
634:
519:
499:
429:
359:
225:
19129:
18821:"Women's Lives, Women's Rights Campaigning for Maternal Health and Sexual and Reproductive Rights"
17877:
17839:
17329:
From access to empowerment: UNESCO strategy for gender equality in and through education 2019-2025
14948:(2014). "Jokes, pranks, blondes and banter: recontextualising sexism in the British print press".
7930:
7540:: the treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses;
2354:
23668:
23628:
23382:
23338:
23331:
22682:
22108:
21630:
21392:
21221:
21201:
21063:
21053:
21011:
20641:
20482:
20344:
20314:
20309:
20259:
20194:
20179:
20112:
20085:
20070:
19473:
17966:
12761:
12337:
Zimmer, Lynn (1988). "Tokenism and Women in the Workplace: The Limits of Gender-Neutral Theory".
11384:
10504:"Lesson â The French Civil Code (Napoleonic Code) â Teaching Women's Rights From Past to Present"
9487:
8837:
8175:
8035:
7991:
7241:
6945:
6646:
6606:
6297:
6290:
6248:
5487:
5229:
4647:
4627:
4481:
4471:
4429:
4045:
3886:
3740:
3710:
3705:
3655:
3590:
3575:
3508:
3481:
3466:
2842:
2705:
1862:
1842:
1696:
1686:
1644:
1260:
1101:
955:
925:
920:
870:
805:
790:
723:
696:
681:
57:
20289:
19288:
19282:
17411:
17187:
17177:
16266:"Combating a Different Enemy: Proposals to Change the Culture of Sexual Assault in the Military"
16088:
11780:
Mills, S. (2008) Language and sexism. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 18, 2015 from
10786:
9015:
7447:, a person might be objectified if one or more of the following properties are applied to them:
3685:
2552:
of the wife by her husband and in giving him authority over her; for instance Article 13 of the
2196:, which also operates at both the individual and institutional level. Early female sociologists
900:
23776:
23476:
23392:
23242:
23170:
23106:
23084:
23074:
23049:
23039:
22610:
22479:
22435:
22378:
22216:
22134:
22103:
21320:
21293:
21283:
20763:
20743:
20606:
20477:
20374:
20324:
20294:
20274:
20209:
20189:
20164:
20159:
20154:
20065:
20036:
20009:
19985:
19980:
19566:
19556:
19433:
18137:
17472:
16084:
15896:
Multicultural Citizens, Monocultural Men: Indigineity, Masculinity, and Conscription in Ecuador
15291:
13081:
12457:
10567:
8982:
8642:
8447:
8267:, and insufficient policy, legal and planning frameworks, that respect, protect and fulfil the
8163:
8039:
7673:
7645:
7440:
7424:
7370:
6794:
6454:
6361:
6184:
6145:
6034:
6024:
6000:
5978:
5968:
5943:
5933:
5602:
5358:
5246:
5170:
4746:
4719:
4709:
4167:
4147:
4010:
3881:
3770:
3720:
3690:
3670:
3605:
3585:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3461:
3424:
3397:
3373:
3368:
2940:
2930:
2675:
2312:
2164:
1961:
1934:
1924:
1382:
1362:
1225:
1096:
985:
935:
905:
885:
820:
800:
775:
770:
765:
676:
639:
612:
588:
583:
155:
145:
18920:
18914:
18482:
18476:
17735:
17148:
17138:
15946:
15894:
15861:
15832:
14258:
12183:
8753:
the result not of pathology but of systems of male dominance, cultural practices and beliefs.
23846:
23566:
23526:
23516:
23471:
23321:
23274:
23232:
22897:
22857:
22573:
22536:
22078:
21288:
21248:
21181:
21078:
21026:
20953:
20708:
20472:
20384:
20359:
20354:
20339:
20334:
20329:
20269:
20224:
20184:
20090:
20060:
19963:
19576:
18408:"Prof. Starr's research shows large unexplained gender disparities in federal criminal cases"
18287:
Kate Fitz-Gibbon (August 1, 2012). "Provocation in New South Wales: The need for abolition".
16775:
16014:
14039:
13109:
10141:
10059:
9998:
9228:
however, it is commonly held that, in developed societies, women have been the usual victims.
8887:
8711:
8638:
8471:
8189:
8097:
7995:
7975:
7955:
7740:
7703:
and sexual assault. This is often dismissed, ignored and not taken seriously by authorities.
7692:
7458:
for another's purposes: "The objectifier treats the object as a tool of his or her purposes."
7254:
7204:
was passed in 1963, female full-time workers earned 48.9% as much as male full-time workers.
7201:
7053:(assigning the wrong gender to someone) and the pronoun "it" are also considered pejorative.
6544:
6504:
6494:
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to grant women the right to vote on local issues in 1991, when it was forced to do so by the
2671:
2451:
2317:
1929:
1889:
1822:
1711:
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880:
835:
795:
701:
671:
566:
165:
10939:"'I had to run away': The imprisonment of women and girls for 'moral crimes' in Afghanistan"
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9358:
7289:
barriers to entry into the labor market (such as education level and single parenting rate).
2801:
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20284:
20249:
20199:
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19995:
19958:
19689:
19551:
19259:
19206:
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Sanday, Peggy Reeves (1981). "The Socio-Cultural Context of Rape: A Cross-Cultural Study".
17011:
15717:
14881:
12538:
11918:
11479:
11431:
11285:. United Nations Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women. January 14, 2003
8594:
8577:(OIC) countries the legal testimony of a woman is worth legally half of that of a man (see
8493:
8264:
8240:
8108:
7323:(primarily male), and "the historic absence of women in top positions", which "may lead to
7264:
There is research to suggest that the gender wage gap leads to big losses for the economy.
7130:
Women who enter predominantly male work groups can experience the negative consequences of
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4097:
3971:
3680:
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3595:
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3383:
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2655:
2267:. In her definition, sexism rationalizes and justifies patriarchal norms, in contrast with
2123:
2111:
2106:. Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their
1800:
1312:
1186:
895:
860:
810:
785:
598:
561:
284:
140:
18435:
17494:
17016:"Life Expectancy and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Maternal Mortality Declines"
16952:
12525:"National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track"
11282:
9098:'sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women.
2521:
Women in parts of the world continue to lose their legal rights in marriage. For example,
8:
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13975:"The sexual objectification of women in advertising: A contemporary cultural perspective"
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12723:
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12384:, "Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour Market Outcomes of Women Across OECD Countries",
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10759:
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inequality, it is usually women who are disadvantaged relative to similarly situated men.
8957:
8912:
8897:
8698:
8688:
8598:
8408:
8218:
7882:(EEOC) concluded that discrimination against a transgender person is sex discrimination.
7621:
7485:: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in agency, and perhaps also in activity."
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Gender has been used as a tool for discrimination against women in the political sphere.
2486:
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1976:
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9075:; Jones, Leslie E. (2008). "Sexism". In Frey, R. G.; Wellman, Christopher Heath (eds.).
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may be seen as reinforcing sexism, in that the masculine form is the default. The word "
2647:
2192:. Sociologists describe parallels among other ideological systems of oppression such as
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19281:; Jones, Leslie E. (2005), "Sexism", in Frey, R.G.; Heath Wellman, Christopher (eds.),
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13711:
13605:"Women still struggle to break through glass ceiling in government, business, academia"
13583:
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13393:
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13001:
Invest in Women, Invest in America: A Comprehensive Review of Women in the U.S. Economy
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her father in childhood, husband in marriage, and son in widowhood. On the other hand,
2324:. Another example is scholarly texts that indoctrinate children in female inferiority;
2185:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1674:
1664:
1639:
1573:
1531:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1337:
629:
19088:
18840:; Roth, S. (1988). "Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men".
17703:"Texts adopted - Elimination of female genital mutilation - Thursday, 6 February 2014"
17559:. Amnesty International. November 10, 2010. p. 1. IOR 40/022/2010. Archived from
15070:
13905:
Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification, 1st Edition
13275:
8306:
8229:
7002:
2220:, understood gender inequality as the natural outcome of a dimorphic model of gender.
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Maris, Cees; Sawitri Saharso (2001). "Honour Killing: A Case for Cultural Defense?".
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13959:
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13342:
13333:. Statistical Working Papers. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
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11643:
11625:
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11483:
11460:
11448:
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11132:
11025:
10834:
10813:"7 raisons pour les hommes et les femmes de remettre en cause le CSP ... ou pas"
10589:
10151:
10101:
10065:
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10008:
9977:
9948:
9922:
9912:
9883:
9842:
9815:
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9743:
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9467:
9435:
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9213:
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9080:
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8134:
According to a report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the
8092:
7827:
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and Catharine MacKinnon suggest that certain types of pornography also contribute to
7520:
7432:
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6982:
6732:
6596:
6559:
6554:
6534:
6529:
6499:
6464:
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5631:
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5482:
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5410:
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2233:
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2008:
1919:
1847:
1832:
1615:
1558:
1357:
1265:
1156:
1076:
915:
195:
18596:"Amnesty InternationalâIran: Death by stoning, a grotesque and unacceptable penalty"
17044:
15428:
15021:
14000:
13397:
13307:
12828:
12805:
Jurajda, Ć tÄpĂĄn (2005). "Gender Segregation and Wage Gap: An East-West Comparison".
12649:
12368:
11857:
7471:: "The objectifier treats the object as lacking in autonomy and self-determination."
7001:", was declared banished from French administrative forms in 2012 by Prime Minister
6994:
2560:
is permitted. In this regard, critics have questioned the alleged gains of women in
2216:, which was coined later. Sociologists who adopted the functionalist paradigm, e.g.
23703:
23698:
23608:
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23491:
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15331:
15001:
14959:
14927:
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14853:
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13939:
13882:
13640:
13575:
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13503:
13452:
13383:
13334:
13287:
13242:
Employment Outlook, Chapter 2: Women at work: who are they and how are they faring?
12948:
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12853:
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12746:
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12546:
12479:
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11837:
11671:
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11547:
11440:
10577:
10096:. American Philological Association. Oxford University Press. pp. 31â32, 457,
10004:
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9427:
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4211:
3911:
3476:
3471:
3314:
3204:
2549:
2507:
2469:
2321:
1971:
1956:
1884:
1805:
1775:
1590:
1426:
1126:
691:
686:
529:
419:
42:
22775:
18508:"Chapter Four: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities In Federal Sentencing Today"
18043:"China 'one-child' policy: Mother of 2 dies after forced sterilizationâGlobalPost"
17312:
16363:
13240:
12259:
10393:"Extracts from William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 1765â1769"
9212:(3rd ed.). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants.: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 631.
2576:
23947:
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21993:
21972:
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20958:
20943:
20923:
20888:
20601:
20512:
20447:
20254:
20204:
19990:
19849:
19455:
19390:â â "Discrimination against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
18761:"El Salvador must release women imprisoned after pregnancy related complications"
18275:
18162:
17451:
16350:
15984:
15711:
15638:"IRIN AfricaâEthiopia: Surviving forced marriageâEthiopiaâChildrenâGender Issues"
15589:
15131:
14963:
14894:
14659:
14600:
14519:
14416:
14170:
13716:
13276:"The Output Cost of Gender Discrimination: A Model-based Macroeconomics Estimate"
13119:
13024:
12678:
12339:
12237:
12193:
12170:
10503:
10196:
10185:
9002:
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8882:
8497:
8487:
8435:
8420:
8138:
concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women:
8012:
7915:
7779:
7560:
7546:: the treatment of a person as if they are silent, lacking the capacity to speak.
7444:
7436:
7008:
6986:
6877:
6285:
6094:
6082:
5888:
5833:
5813:
5771:
5636:
5526:
5472:
5430:
5368:
5363:
5329:
5241:
5195:
4771:
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4575:
4516:
4368:
4353:
4333:
4298:
4005:
3916:
3851:
3650:
3600:
3378:
3229:
2610:
2495:
2398:
2297:
2253:
2248:
defines sexism as an "attitudinal-conceptual-cognitive-orientational complex" of
2217:
2135:
2107:
2103:
1986:
1894:
1790:
1731:
1583:
1568:
1548:
1513:
1220:
1131:
1066:
865:
815:
593:
444:
19323:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act". Human Rights Campaign. Available (online):
17036:
16939:"Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) (Quick Take)"
16329:"U.S. Army report shows women serving in the special forces face intense sexism"
15367:
14637:
14453:
14063:
12820:
12131:. Great Britain Department for Children, Schools and Families. January 1, 2009.
10189:
8174:(which has placed Iran under international pressure for its stoning sentences),
7280:
vertical segregation (fewer women in senior, and hence better paying positions),
2757:
19:"Sex discrimination" redirects here. For discrimination based on sexuality, see
23919:
23839:
23678:
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19968:
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19794:
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18855:
18558:
17991:
15611:
15165:
Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity
14655:
14162:
13868:
13487:"Chipping away at the Glass Ceiling: Gender Spillovers in Corporate Leadership"
12883:
12315:
11238:
11203:"Valuing women as autonomous beings: Women's sexual reproductive health rights"
10968:
9279:
men and women can experience sexism, but sexism against women is more pervasive
9234:
9127:
Sexism is an ideology or practices that maintain patriarchy or male domination.
8972:
8917:
8907:
8727:
8649:
8123:
7911:
7842:
7823:
7722:
7708:
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4015:
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3329:
3174:
2850:
2698:
2388:. The misogyny of that period played a role in the persecution of these women.
2067:
1981:
1939:
1909:
1899:
1817:
1810:
1795:
1785:
1605:
1541:
1483:
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1463:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1116:
1051:
571:
544:
389:
65:
19296:
18574:"Real life Sophia Bursets Transgender Women face a nightmare in Men's Prisons"
17272:
16539:
Pluralism and Law: Proceedings of the 20th IVR World Congress, Amsterdam, 2001
15454:"Q & A: Child Marriage and Violations of Girls' RightsâHuman Rights Watch"
13992:
13644:
13323:
12952:
12904:
12613:
11841:
11675:
11444:
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10581:
9293:
The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User's Guide to Sociological Language
7970:. Early and forced marriage are defined as forms of modern-day slavery by the
2430:, as is the case in India and Nepal, where such crimes are relatively common.
23941:
23064:
23024:
23019:
22934:
22733:
22605:
22413:
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22018:
21988:
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21668:
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20896:
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20723:
20703:
20574:
20517:
20452:
19871:
19774:
19367:
19358:
19313:"Discrimination against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
19235:
19034:; Hough, Mike; Kerezsi, Klara; Lévy, René; Snacken, Sonja (August 15, 2013).
18952:
18739:
18374:"Men Sentenced To Longer Prison Terms Than Women For Same Crimes, Study Says"
18300:
17538:
What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America
16887:
16852:
16307:
15707:
15005:
14857:
14822:
14735:
14385:
13951:
13928:
Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Roberts, Tomi-Ann (1997). "Objectification Theory".
13579:
13443:
13356:
13299:
12631:
12420:
12381:
12136:
11962:
11559:
11517:
11452:
10143:
A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From Prehistoric Times to 1688
9819:
9757:
9719:
9663:
9321:
9205:
8702:
8526:
8341:
8225:
fields, and on average earn almost 20% less than men in the same industries.
8071:
8067:
8027:
7852:
7845:
7811:
7677:
7407:
7357:
7314:
5958:
5918:
5913:
5828:
5575:
5538:
5163:
5158:
4778:
4385:
4321:
4306:
4162:
4127:
4107:
3978:
3921:
3856:
3251:
3154:
2721:
2683:
2491:
2443:
2422:, about 500 elderly women are murdered each year following such accusations.
2249:
1993:
1600:
1536:
1521:
1377:
1342:
1322:
1193:
1136:
1071:
466:
369:
19166:
18017:
16419:
Brinkerhoff, David B.; Lynn K. White; Suzanne T. Ortega; Rose Weitz (2008).
15986:
The Myth of the Military-Nation: Militarism, Gender, and Education in Turkey
13786:
13122:
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, April 2007.
13060:
12551:
12274:
11362:
10396:
7356:
genders. The author of the study stated that the results suggest that "the '
7173:
4864:
23237:
23140:
23079:
23014:
23009:
22969:
22924:
22694:
22672:
22531:
22526:
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20728:
20364:
20264:
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19779:
19744:
19709:
19704:
17915:
17224:
16670:
15754:
15539:
15353:
15160:
15013:
14902:
14682:
14623:
14429:"ProstitutionâDefinition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
14235:
14200:
13740:"Supreme Court says federal law protects LGBTQ workers from discrimination"
13324:
European Commission; Eurostat; Leythienne, Denis; Ronkowski, Piotr (2018).
13039:"Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in the Australian Managerial Labour Market"
12640:
12570:
12096:
11849:
9973:
9926:
9704:(13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. p. 330.
9615:
Macfarlane, Christina; Coppack, Sean; Masters, James (September 12, 2019).
9603:
9020:
8902:
8827:
8706:
8656:
also be denied access to medical procedures related to their reassignment.
8606:
8311:
8280:
8185:
8112:
8101:
8008:
7841:
The idea of having two, opposite genders is tied to sexuality through what
7815:
7783:
7688:
7648:
by eroticizing scenes in which women are dominated, coerced, humiliated or
7641:
7512:
7377:
6967:
6916:
6179:
6109:
5973:
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5818:
5580:
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5253:
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4278:
4258:
4182:
4172:
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3760:
3660:
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3084:
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2557:
2455:
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2245:
2201:
1827:
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1473:
1397:
1387:
1367:
1347:
975:
875:
603:
578:
434:
374:
339:
304:
299:
21936:
21683:
21573:
19348:
Macklem, Tony. 2004. Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination. New York:
18863:
18410:. The University of Michigan Law School. November 16, 2012. Archived from
17967:"The impact of sex selection and abortion in China, India and South Korea"
17058:
15041:
14493:
13507:
13456:
11551:
9500:
9439:
9431:
9134:
9079:. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 104.
8450:
is the terminating of a pregnancy based upon the female sex of the fetus.
8115:
drew attention to a section of the Penal Code of Northern Nigeria, titled
7249:
Wage discrimination is theorized as contradicting the economic concept of
2514:) for employment, ownership of property and traveling away from home; the
22521:
22430:
22068:
21823:
21718:
21678:
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21568:
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19799:
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19372:
18837:
17942:
17809:
17622:
17595:
17577:
15865:
13542:
12748:
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009
11198:
9416:
Nakdimen, K. A. (1984). "The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping".
9072:
8779:
8530:
8075:
8051:
8016:
7939:
7925:
7868:
7819:
7787:
7625:
7534:: the treatment of a person as identified with their body, or body parts;
7525:
Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification
7489:
7397:
7393:
5592:
5383:
4506:
4466:
4434:
4293:
4253:
4087:
4000:
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3926:
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2814:
2761:
2667:
2622:
2602:
2586:
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2477:
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2228:
2224:
2188:
level. According to Richard Schaefer, sexism is perpetuated by all major
2087:
1721:
1681:
1649:
1508:
1468:
1302:
1215:
1166:
1141:
1041:
733:
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19420:
18618:
17240:"Part 3: Are we medicating a disorder or treating boyhood as a disease?"
17059:"Postsecondary Participation Rates by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: 1974â2003"
17015:
16456:"A/RES/48/104. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women"
14638:"European Women's Lobby: Prostitution in Europe: 60 Years of Reluctance"
14195:
Morgan, Robin. (1974). "Theory and Practice: Pornography and Rape". In:
14031:
13388:
13371:
13165:
12884:"The Gender Wage Gap and Wage Arrears in Russia: Evidence from the RLMS"
12778:"Male Income Percentile and Female Income Percentile Calculator in 2018"
12777:
12707:
12300:
Yoder, Janice D. (1991). "Rethinking Tokenism: Looking beyond Numbers".
12276:
12025:
10996:
10821:(in French). August 13, 2013. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015
10645:"Yemen's dark side: Discrimination and violence against women and girls"
10603:
10422:
23165:
22929:
21962:
21854:
21818:
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21238:
21233:
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20591:
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20462:
19888:
19883:
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19789:
19628:
18699:
18155:"Gender equality profiles from the Middle East and North Africa Region"
18047:
17923:
15335:
15168:
14393:
14361:
13665:
13291:
12865:
12109:
11617:
11576:. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass., US: Blackwell, 1999, 1995, pp. 256â57,
11355:"European Database: Women in Decision-making â y Country Report Greece"
10772:
10044:
9940:
9260:
Foster, Carly Hayden (2011). "Sexism". In Kurian, George Thomas (ed.).
8967:
8927:
8502:
8455:
8451:
7352:
7324:
6139:
6124:
5823:
4788:
4783:
4664:
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4531:
4380:
4273:
4231:
4187:
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3263:
3234:
3169:
3000:
2617:, the violation of the latter now being acknowledged as a violation of
2380:, and in the European colonies in North America, claims were made that
2349:
2264:
2260:
2241:
2091:
2003:
1998:
1879:
1874:
1770:
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1198:
1171:
1161:
1081:
483:
478:
449:
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215:
16602:"Iraqi immigrant convicted in Arizona 'honor killing' awaits sentence"
16047:
Koranyi, Balazs; Fouche, Gwladys (June 14, 2014). Char, Pravin (ed.).
14708:
13847:"The Objectification of WomenâIt Goes Much Further Than Sexy Pictures"
13550:
12360:
11329:"La citoyennetĂ© politique des femmesâLa dĂ©cision du GĂ©nĂ©ral de Gaulle"
10888:"Les violences sexuelles en Tunisie: aprÚs le déni, un début de (...)"
9671:
9639:
8327:, as well as locking female consumers into false feminine identities.
8019:
Today most countries still require only men to serve in the military.
2810:
2510:
era, in Spain, a married woman required her husband's consent (called
23160:
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21864:
21713:
21703:
21563:
21506:
21263:
21211:
20928:
20527:
19654:
18018:"BBC Radio 4âCrossing Continents, Forced Sterilisation in Uzbekistan"
15862:"Methods for studying silence: The 'silence' of Swedish conscription"
15837:
Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures
15535:"Nigeria's child brides: 'I thought being in labour would never end'"
14931:
14143:(Winter 2012 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
13826:(Summer 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
13227:
The Motherhood Penalty: Working Moms Face Pay Gap Vs. Childless Peers
10147:
9911:(First ed.). Trumansburg, New York: Crossing Press. p. 41.
9569:
8922:
8832:
8741:
8479:
8080:
7947:
7835:
7778:
Gender discrimination is discrimination based on actual or perceived
7680:
pornography in which men are objectified and sexually used by women.
7603:
7503:
7406:. Vancouver Rape Relief countered that individuals are shaped by the
6119:
6114:
5202:
4689:
4637:
4338:
3931:
3034:
2826:
2614:
2575:
is very difficult in many jurisdictions because of the need to prove
2481:
2439:
2329:
2181:
2063:
1904:
1852:
1553:
1146:
249:
18540:
16832:
Ecklund, Elaine Howard; Lincoln, Anne E.; Tansey, Cassandra (2012).
16458:. United Nations General Assembly. December 20, 1993. Archived from
14563:"Julie Bindel: Eradicate the oldest oppressionâUK newsâThe Guardian"
14377:
14161:
12857:
12586:"Study finds, surprisingly, that women are favored for jobs in STEM"
11609:
11261:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology"
8581:). Such countries include: Algeria (in criminal cases), Bahrain (in
23205:
22999:
22872:
22620:
22150:
22073:
22038:
21783:
21646:
21578:
21228:
21058:
20985:
20636:
20562:
20467:
20427:
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19814:
19809:
19734:
19729:
19724:
19664:
19278:
19251:
18674:
18639:
16296:"'A Poison in the System': The Epidemic of Military Sexual Assault"
16018:
13791:
13770:
13338:
12791:
12471:
12352:
10973:
10859:
9779:(9th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill/Higher Education. p. 247.
9655:
8947:
8942:
8857:
8852:
8795:
8783:
8610:
8483:
8360:), family members, or the community. Amnesty International states:
8299:
8260:
8085:
7979:
7656:
7463:
7297:
7189:
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5766:
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324:
319:
259:
23914:
19388:
GenEq | Centers for Educational Justice & Community Engagement
18617:
Butcher, Kristin F.; Park, Kyung H.; Morrison Piehl, Anne (2017).
16624:"Handbook on Effective police responses to violence against women"
10530:"20 years after fall of wall, women of former East Germany thrive"
8800:
7719:
condemned prostitution as "an intolerable form of male violence".
7672:
Defenders of pornography and anti-censorship activists (including
2529:, the law allows husbands to legally "punish" their wives. In the
2460:
2184:
has examined sexism as manifesting at both the individual and the
22383:
21901:
21896:
21874:
21748:
21708:
21693:
21583:
19739:
19633:
19613:
19586:
19561:
19465:
19407:
17874:"Estimation of the Number of Missing Females in China: 1900-2000"
17671:
17669:
16972:"Acid attacks, poison: What Afghan girls risk by going to school"
16053:
15590:"BBC NewsâMorocco protest after raped Amina Filali kills herself"
14520:"Redefining Prostitution as Sex Work on the International Agenda"
12498:"Mothers face disadvantages in getting hired, Cornell study says"
11152:
Stange, Mary Zeiss; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan, eds. (2011).
11021:
Women and Labour in Late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry
10342:"Witch Hunting in India: Poor, Low Caste and Widows Main Targets"
8670:
n average, women receive lighter sentences in comparison with men
8660:
8522:
8320:
7696:
7588:
7527:, proposed three more properties to be added to Nussbaum's list:
7102:, occurring in the workplace. One form of occupational sexism is
7046:
5565:
3119:
3005:
2987:
2960:
2935:
2858:
2670:
women gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1971, and
2572:
2561:
2359:
2159:âs speech "On Being Born Female", which was delivered before the
334:
220:
202:
175:
150:
73:
16049:"Norway becomes first NATO country to draft women into military"
13712:"Does Saks have the legal right to fire a transgender employee?"
13158:
10969:"More Afghan women jailed for 'moral crimes', says HRWâBBC News"
9617:"FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist"
9185:(4th ed.). Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 551.
8710:
are afraid the treatment may result in fetal loss. According to
21849:
21778:
21743:
21656:
21651:
21615:
21516:
21491:
21468:
20688:
19719:
19596:
19591:
19541:
19368:
Math on trial. How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom
18402:
18400:
18398:
18396:
18394:
16482:"Court in UAE says beating wife, child OK if no marks are left"
14362:"A Feminist Critique of "the" Feminist Critique of Pornography"
14343:"Stuart Jeffries talks to leading feminist Catharine MacKinnon"
13134:"Persistent Pay Gap Affects Women Just One Year Out of College"
12094:
Tan, Dali (January 1, 1990). "Sexism in the Chinese Language".
9882:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. p. 48.
9689:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 1989. p. 112.
8623:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
8602:
8582:
8397:
8159:
8143:
7599:
7584:
4092:
3099:
2970:
2965:
2915:
2193:
2075:
1307:
314:
185:
180:
130:
19325:
Employment Non-Discrimination Act | Human Rights Campaign
19108:"BBC NewsâMaldives girl to get 100 lashes for pre-marital sex"
18912:
18434:(Ph.D. thesis). Bowling Green State University. Archived from
18136:. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)âIndia. Archived from
17666:
17548:
17546:
16729:"Outrage Over Iran Human Rights Official's Defense of Stoning"
16015:"Indepth: Femsle SoldiersâWomen in the militaryâinternational"
12882:
Gerry, Christopher J.; Kim, Byung-Yeon; Li, Carmen A. (2004).
9855:
9328:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4.
9108:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. pp. 748â751.
9044:
9042:
7392:
against Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter. Nixon, a
7192:
found a persistent, average gender pay gap of 27.5% in the 27
2126:. Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms.
21921:
21661:
21620:
21481:
20698:
19546:
19317:
against Transgender People." ACLU. Available (online) :
18719:
15203:(7th ed.). United States of America: SAGE Publications.
13766:"Even with ruling, workplace still unequal for LGBTQ workers"
10997:"Smt. Saroj Rani vs Sudarshan Kumar Chadha on 8 August, 1984"
10381:
8562:
8534:
8284:
7921:
7177:
Gender pay gap in average gross hourly earnings according to
4102:
2920:
2590:
2545:
2537:
2522:
2465:
2427:
2381:
2301:
2079:
1317:
135:
16:
Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender
19030:
18391:
15198:
14808:
14760:
The Black image in the White mind: Media and race in America
14478:
Sullivan, Barbara (2007). "Rape, Prostitution and Consent".
14172:
Pornography and civil rights: a new day for women's equality
14090:
Israeli Penal Law 5737â1977: Obscene publication and display
12792:"Income by Sex: Average, Median, 1%, and Calculator â DQYDJ"
11476:
The Gendered Reality of Migrant Workers in Globalizing China
10855:"Nouveaux progrĂšs, mais il ne faut pas pour autant pavoiser"
9640:"Historical Notes on the Vocabulary of the Women's Movement"
9104:
Masequesmay, Gina (2008). "Sexism". In O'Brien, Jodi (ed.).
22119:
21728:
21486:
21310:
21139:
17543:
15833:"War and Gender: Men's War RolesâBoyhood and Coming of Age"
15089:
15039:
13440:
12741:
12739:
12255:
12233:
12068:"Gleichberechtigung im Studium: Studenten, Àh, Studierende"
11210:
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner
10278:"World Report on Violence Chapter 5 â Abuse of the elderly"
9039:
8352:
or dresses until an age that varied between two and eight.
8349:
8252:
8222:
8182:, because it allowed those convicted a chance at survival.
8047:
7455:
7382:
6998:
4736:
4565:
2717:
2526:
2433:
2410:
Witchcraft remains illegal in several countries, including
2099:
2083:
1951:
1780:
17356:
Beauty and Misogyny:Harmful cultural practices in the west
16645:
11981:
11979:
11253:
8721:
7388:
In August 1995, Kimberly Nixon filed a complaint with the
2110:
or their gender or sex differences. An example of this is
21869:
21476:
19134:
18616:
17695:
17623:"Gender: Women workers mistreatedâClean Clothes Campaign"
17210:
16333:
15503:
15501:
12927:"Economics Explains Discrimination in the Labour Market."
11703:. Online.santarosa.edu. December 23, 2014. Archived from
11659:
10260:
9742:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 274â275.
7231:
Studies examining the gender pay gap in the United States
7099:
6977:
2716:
Until the early 1980s, some high-end restaurants had two
2071:
19386:"Transgender." UC Berkekely Online. Available (online):
18740:"El Salvador: Where women may be jailed for miscarrying"
18541:"Gender Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty System"
18478:
When She Was Bad: How and Why Women Get Away With Murder
17009:
16126:"National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System"
13016:
The impact of a sustained gender wage gap on the economy
12736:
11349:
9614:
9023:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
8786:
are illegal, victims of rape can be charged criminally.
8590:
and Equality Now as being discriminatory towards women.
8446:
is the killing of newborn female children, while female
2686:, women obtained the right to vote in 1984, through the
17554:"Women's right to choose their dress, free of coercion"
17087:"The Crossover in Female-Male College Enrollment Rates"
14719:
14231:"Are women human? (interview with Catharine MacKinnon)"
14034:(inactive September 12, 2024) – via ResearchGate.
13599:
13597:
12719:
12717:
12239:
OECD Employment Outlookâ2008 Edition Summary in English
11976:
10034:
9052:
Stevenson, Angus; Lindberg, Christine A., eds. (2011).
8806:
sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
8601:
is, in many common law countries, a partial defense to
8597:
has also been accused of discriminating against women.
7419:
19203:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men And Boys
18700:"Family planningâUNFPAâUnited Nations Population Fund"
16698:"Pakistani women buried alive 'for choosing husbands'"
16347:
15713:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys
15498:
14989:
14314:"A Conversation With Catherine MacKinnon (transcript)"
13370:
Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M. (November 2000).
12614:"Do Employer Preferences Contribute to Sticky Floors?"
10000:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History
9210:
The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Political Thought
8415:
8024:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys
7108:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
7098:
practices, statements or actions, based on a person's
2167:, and subsequently published on November 15, 1968, in
23903:
18775:"Nicaragua abortion ban 'cruel and inhuman disgrace'"
17447:"Julie Bindel: Boys aren't born wanting to wear blue"
16169:"Military Sexual Abuse: A Greater Menace Than Combat"
15556:
15554:
15552:
15550:
14695:
Cole, E., & Henderson Daniel, J. (Eds.). (2005).
13907:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 228â229.
13528:
13274:
Cavalcanti, Tiago; Tavares, José (February 1, 2016).
13183:. Swift Economics. September 21, 2009. Archived from
12611:
11695:
11693:
10642:
10275:
10222:
Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts
9947:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 78â79.
6939:
2114:. Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities (
22233:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
18876:
17755:
17753:
16873:
16831:
16536:
16414:
16412:
16111:"Kaderwet dienstplicht wordt aangepast voor vrouwen"
15040:
Feder, Jody & Cynthia Brougher (July 15, 2013).
14276:
Mackinnon, Catherine A. (1984) "Not a moral issue."
13594:
12714:
12173:
Oakland, Calif.: Mills College, February 2013, p. 9.
11760:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 2â3.
9804:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 301.
8158:
in which five women were killed by tribesmen of the
2601:. Other problems have to do with the payment of the
19444:
The New Subtle Sexism Toward Women in the Workplace
18289:
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology
18241:"The Islamic Penal Code of 2013, Books I, II and V"
18131:"Laws and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check"
17992:"Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women"
17936:
17179:
Mapping the social landscape: readings in sociology
16666:"Three teenagers buried alive in 'honour killings'"
16514:. Equalitynow.org. February 6, 2015. Archived from
15075:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
14259:"Feminist Perspectives on Sex Markets: Pornography"
14197:
Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist
13319:
13317:
13013:National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling.
10411:
10256:"Saudi woman beheaded for 'witchcraft and sorcery'"
9349:
8470:. Recent studies suggest that over 90 million
8127:dress seen as inappropriate, or homosexuality. The
7034:
49:
organizations campaigned for women's right to vote.
19343:Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
19337:Employment Discrimination: An Organizational Model
18943:
18367:
18365:
17399:
17295:"Gender Biases in Student Evaluations of Teaching"
16800:
16696:
15869:Feminist Methodologies for International Relations
15547:
15128:Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences
14763:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
13927:
13661:Women's careers more tied to weight than menâstudy
12983:Women Don't Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide
12275:The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
12150:
11753:
11690:
11239:"Timeline of Women's Suffrage Granted, by Country"
10936:
10421:. Legacy98.org. September 19, 2001. Archived from
10306:
10057:
9907:The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory
9904:
9875:
9834:
9772:
9561:
9457:
9365:(5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 601.
9295:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
9178:
8605:, which converts what would have been murder into
2078:. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects
26:"Anti-sexism" redirects here. For other uses, see
21274:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
18937:
18919:. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources. p.
18836:
18438:on June 30, 2013 – via OhioLINK ETD Center.
18185:"Article 7: Right to equal protection by the law"
17897:
17895:
17750:
17137:. In Gabriel, Susan L.; Smithson, Isaiah (eds.).
16409:
15247:
15245:
15194:
15192:
15190:
15188:
14481:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
14477:
14473:
14471:
14044:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
13972:
13921:
13811:
13809:
13273:
12612:Baert, S.; De Pauw, A.-S.; Deschacht, N. (2016).
12522:
12445:
11424:
11422:
11420:
10139:
9326:Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics
9051:
8331:for girls and pink for boys. In the early 1900s,
8166:, Pakistani federal minister for Postal Services
7773:
7267:
4700:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2548:. These transactions often serve as legitimizing
2490:, 88 U.S. 162). A similar legal doctrine, called
2300:, or self-immolation by widows, was prevalent in
1915:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
23939:
21443:
18423:
18421:
18356:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
18286:
18063:"Everything you need to know about human rights"
17901:
16907:
16905:
16654:. July 2, 2002. United Nations General Assembly.
16375:
16373:
16042:
16040:
15702:
15700:
15698:
15316:Miller, Lisa R.; Grollman, Eric Anthony (2015).
14305:
13314:
13257:"Blaming Women's Choices for the Gender Pay Gap"
13181:"Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics: The Wage Gap"
12973:
12441:
12439:
12416:
12414:
11640:Measuring Sex Stereotypes: A Multinational Study
11428:
9841:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 9.
9733:
9731:
9729:
9224:Either sex may be the object of sexist attitudes
8732:Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims
8548:
7467:: treating the object as lacking in autonomy or
2498:(and is still partially in force in present-day
20934:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
19399:35.1 (1992): 161â180. Business Source Complete.
18362:
18320:
18318:
18093:"Explainer: What was China's one-child policy?"
17937:Gettis, A.; Getis, J.; Fellmann, J. D. (2004).
17465:
17362:. East Sussex: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
16689:
15415:
15413:
15155:
15153:
15151:
14117:Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law
14057:
14055:
14014:Zotos, Yorgos; Tsichla, Eirini (October 2014).
13709:
13703:
12996:United States Congress Joint Economic Committee
12841:
12530:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
12398:
12396:
11951:"France Drops 'Mademoiselle' From Official Use"
11574:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
11326:
10387:
9608:
9492:
9451:
9449:
9233:
8621:perceived as excusable or understandable." The
8474:in China and India as a result of infanticide.
8232:is lower for females than for males. Data from
7954:Marrying girls under 18 years old is rooted in
7862:
4344:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
1559:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
20416:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
19037:The Routledge Handbook of European Criminology
18327:"Thousands of Women Killed for Family 'Honor'"
17892:
16914:"Why are there still so few women in science?"
16834:"Gender Segregation in Elite Academic Science"
16382:Clinical Manual of Prevention in Mental Health
15315:
15242:
15185:
15035:
15033:
15031:
14468:
14222:
14126:
13806:
13787:"Transsexual Loses Fight with Women's Shelter"
13480:
13478:
13476:
13474:
13254:
12877:
12875:
12691:
12295:
12293:
12251:
12249:
12229:
12227:
12225:
12223:
12221:
11944:
11942:
11510:"The Court Case That Killed the 'Ladies Menu'"
11417:
10555:
10092:Frier, Bruce W.; McGinn, Thomas A. J. (2004).
10051:
9771:Hughes, Michael; Kroehler, Carolyn J. (2009).
9770:
9557:
9555:
9553:
9523:
9521:
6950:Various 20th century feminist movements, from
6915:semantic rule in operation in language of the
3820:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1035:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
22135:
21429:
19481:
19250:
18975:
18908:
18906:
18904:
18902:
18418:
17683:. World Health Organization. February 5, 2024
17135:"Confronting Sexism in the College Classroom"
16902:
16657:
16370:
16046:
16037:
15976:
15800:
15695:
14985:
14983:
14981:
14878:
14843:
14756:
14697:Featuring females: Feminist analyses of media
14155:
13893:
12491:
12489:
12436:
12411:
11827:
11821:
11503:
11501:
11499:
11303:
10133:
10037:A Brief History of the World Course No. 8080
9996:
9861:
9832:
9726:
9693:
9384:
7364:
6895:
4825:
2806:Implicit stereotype § Gender stereotypes
2746:The examples and perspective in this section
2040:
22094:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
18969:
18870:
18843:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
18349:"Gender-Related Killings of Women and Girls"
18315:
17930:
17171:
17132:
16963:
16341:
16113:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. February 2, 2016.
15774:
15448:
15446:
15410:
15148:
14944:
14579:
14560:
14251:
14052:
14013:
13412:"What are the causes? - European Commission"
13053:
13007:
12808:Journal of the European Economic Association
12583:
12393:
12176:
11919:"Feminist literary studies: an introduction"
11745:
11593:
11572:Manstead, A. S. R.; Hewstone, Miles; et al.
11070:
9990:
9446:
9409:
9106:Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Volume 2
9019: This article incorporates text from a
8953:National Organization for Men Against Sexism
8403:Female genital mutilation is defined by the
8377:
7905:
2129:
2118:) based on gender or refers to violation of
20632:List of people killed for being transgender
19439:10 sexist scenarios that women face at work
19006:"Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'"
18830:
18128:
17140:Gender in the Classroom: Power and Pedagogy
16580:"Shocking gay honor killing inspires movie"
16530:
16244:
15028:
14915:
14282:2:321-345. Reprinted in: Mackinnon (1989).
13899:
13485:Matsa, David A.; Miller, Amalia R. (2011).
13484:
13471:
13218:
12872:
12605:
12290:
12246:
12218:
11987:"Mexico advises workers on sexist language"
11939:
11263:. History-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch
11024:. Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
10091:
10064:. Oxford University Press. pp. 80â84.
9826:
9764:
9550:
9518:
9498:
9157:(2005). "Sexism". In Honderich, Ted (ed.).
9132:
9103:
8117:Correction of Child, Pupil, Servant or Wife
7691:is the business or practice of engaging in
4036:List of people killed for being transgender
1251:List of people killed for being transgender
22893:African-American women's suffrage movement
22142:
22128:
21436:
21422:
19488:
19474:
19256:Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology
19130:"The Nation: The Plight of Women Soldiers"
18899:
18450:"Studies: Gender Bias in Death Sentencing"
15948:The Changing Face of European Conscription
15930:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
15480:"Dowry and abuse still a problem in India"
14993:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
14978:
14311:
14135:"Feminist Perspectives on Objectification"
13973:Zimmerman, Amanda; Dahlberg, John (2008).
13818:"Feminist Perspectives on Objectification"
13248:
13233:
13199:
12881:
12486:
11496:
10731:. New York: UN Women. 2012. Archived from
9933:
9867:
8569:against women is a form of discrimination.
8482:and South Asia (China, India, Korea), the
6902:
6888:
5787:African-American women's suffrage movement
4832:
4818:
2764:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2047:
2033:
19277:
19223:Journal of Language and Social Psychology
18913:Odem, Mary E.; Clay-Warner, Jody (1998).
18694:
18692:
18371:
17213:British Journal of Sociology of Education
16123:
15944:
15747:
15612:"Ethiopia: Revenge of the abducted bride"
15443:
15343:
14454:"Prostitution Law & Legal Definition"
13387:
13230:. Bloomsberg Businessweek, June 05, 2009.
12639:
12560:
12550:
12461:
12277:"Facts About Compensation Discrimination"
11537:
10571:
10308:"Witch-hunts of low-caste women in Nepal"
10245:Kramer and Sprenger. Malleus Maleficarum.
9896:
9793:
9530:Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination
9390:
9161:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
9094:the more accurate and more specific sense
9071:
8744:, India, demanding justice for a student
8136:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
7966:, pregnancy and birth complications, and
2780:Learn how and when to remove this message
2343:
2279:
22838:Discrimination against transgender women
19755:Social determinants of health in poverty
19274:Part II What is Sexism? pp. 69â114.
19219:
19127:
17863:". The New York Times. November 25, 2005
17722:
17720:
17402:Feminism, Femininity and Popular Culture
17352:
17270:
16798:
16612:from the original on September 22, 2022.
16294:Moyer, Melinda Wenner (August 3, 2021).
16278:
15892:
15397:National Center for Transgender Equality
15251:
14598:
14359:
14340:
14228:
14132:
13867:
13816:Papadaki, Evangelia (December 1, 2015).
13815:
13628:
13369:
12974:Babcock, Linda; Laschever, Sara (2003).
10304:
10123:Chang'An Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban)
9833:Crawford, Mary; Unger, Rhoda K. (2004).
9737:
9699:
9455:
9415:
9395:. Oxford University Press. p. 197.
9176:
8848:Discrimination against non-binary people
8799:
8735:
8552:
8434:
8427:
8419:
8387:
8305:
8294:
8129:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
8079:
7999:
7934:Poster against child and forced marriage
7929:
7810:Oppositional sexism is a term coined by
7570:
7418:
7240:
7236:American Association of University Women
7172:
5732:Discrimination against transgender women
3135:Social determinants of health in poverty
2809:
2646:
2642:
2459:
2434:Coverture and other marriage regulations
2353:
2292:
2288:
350:Social determinants of health in poverty
41:
18737:
18660:
18474:
18427:
18372:McCormack, Simon (September 11, 2012).
17840:"Female Infanticide in India and China"
17810:"Girls at risk amid India's prosperity"
17397:
17273:"Teachers 'give higher marks to girls'"
17237:
16911:
16767:
16663:
16567:from the original on February 23, 2023.
16379:
16167:Hynes, H. Patricia (January 26, 2012).
15982:
15864:. In Ackerly, Brooke A.; Stern, Maria;
15806:
15706:
14919:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science
14783:
14654:
13844:
13108:Dey, Judy Goldberg and Catherine Hill.
13004:. Washington, DC, December 2010, p. 80.
12804:
12760:Institute for Women's Policy Research.
12214:. Cornell University Press. p. 34.
11751:
11727:"Sexism In LanguageâReadingâPostscript"
11638:Williams, John E. and Deborah L. Best.
11407:"Liechtenstein Women Win Right to Vote"
10626:"The History of Passports in Australia"
10527:
10443:
10339:
10305:Shrestha, Deepesh (February 15, 2010).
10114:
9837:Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology
9637:
9527:
9310:key test of whether something is sexist
9287:
9204:
9177:Jary, David; Jary, Julia, eds. (2005).
9153:
8722:Sexual assault and treatment of victims
8486:(Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia), and
7888:transgender people in the United States
7880:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
7308:
7286:women's overall paid working hours, and
23940:
19402:Kail, R., & Cavanaugh, J. (2010).
18689:
18538:
18324:
17807:
17771:from the original on January 16, 2024.
17444:
17325:
17292:
17113:Sex differences in cognitive abilities
16969:
16577:
15983:Altinay, Ayse GĂŒl (December 9, 2004).
15780:
15687:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
15159:
15068:
14599:Jeffreys, Sheila (November 11, 2008).
14061:
13167:Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2009
13043:Australian Journal of Labour Economics
13036:
12336:
12209:
12011:
11948:
11903:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
11813:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
11197:
11154:Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World
11137:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
10892:FIDH â Worldwide Human Rights Movement
9878:Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
9466:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 315.
9393:The Handbook of Culture and Psychology
9320:
9259:
8682:
8291:Gendered associations of pink and blue
7805:
7390:British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal
7346:
7056:
7041:Category:Sex- and gender-related slurs
6978:Sexism in languages other than English
23181:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
22458:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
22123:
21417:
19469:
18949:Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape
18720:Paul Hunt; Judith Bueno de Mesquita.
18325:Mayell, Hillary (February 12, 2002).
17761:"EthicsâAbortion: Female infanticide"
17717:
17174:"Failing at Fairness: Hidden Lessons"
17115:. Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.
16709:from the original on January 11, 2022
16293:
16166:
16124:Angelluci, Marc E. (April 13, 2013).
16061:from the original on January 28, 2015
15562:"World report on violence and health"
15125:
14284:Toward a Feminist Theory of the State
14133:Papadaki, Evangelia (June 28, 2011).
13563:
12662:
12619:Industrial and Labor Relations Review
12299:
12038:
11507:
10756:
10604:"Spain â Social Values And Attitudes"
10478:"France's leading women show the way"
10321:from the original on January 11, 2022
9967:
9939:
9873:
9499:Masequesmay, Gina (January 5, 2024).
9262:The Encyclopedia of Political Science
9133:Masequesmay, Gina (January 5, 2024).
8104:violation, and the result of sexism.
7753:In an attempt to study the effect of
7593:sexual objectification in advertising
7337:
7072:"Calling nurses by their first names"
2802:Gender role § Gender stereotypes
2795:
2340:were commonly afforded equal status.
2304:society until the early 19th century.
23958:Prejudice and discrimination by type
21398:
20438:Capital punishment for homosexuality
19760:Social determinants of mental health
19345:. Sixth Edition. 2007. 131, 139â142
19258:. Oxford, UK Malden, Massachusetts:
19105:
18481:. New York: Penguin Books. pp.
18109:
17820:from the original on January 1, 2016
17620:
17596:"Saudi police 'stopped' fire rescue"
17495:"Should we not dress girls in pink?"
17468:"When Did Girls Start Wearing Pink?"
17238:Abraham, Carolyn (August 23, 2012).
17172:Sadker, Myra; Sadker, David (1999).
17133:Sadker, Myra; Sadker, David (1990).
16751:"Violence Against Women Information"
16664:Hussain, Zahid (September 5, 2008).
16512:"The Penal Code of Northern Nigeria"
16192:
15835:. In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin
15762:from the original on January 5, 2015
14788:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
14096:(6th ed.). OECD. pp. 70â71
14062:Holmes, Stephanie (April 25, 2008).
13784:
13710:Steinmetz, Katy (January 12, 2015).
13255:Hilary M. Lips (September 7, 2009).
13131:
12925:The Open University: Learning Space.
12495:
12065:
11830:Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
11473:
10787:"Code du Statut Personnel â Tunisie"
10367:"Violence Against Women Information"
10120:
9902:
9799:
9241:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
8593:The criminal justice system in many
8579:Status of women's testimony in Islam
8061:
7798:According to a recent report by the
7477:: treating the object as lacking in
3842:Capital punishment for homosexuality
3140:Social determinants of mental health
2732:
2680:Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
2613:and to self-determination regarding
1057:Capital punishment for homosexuality
355:Social determinants of mental health
20558:Genital modification and mutilation
19089:"Thailand passes marital rape bill"
18978:Acquaintance rape: the hidden crime
18916:Confronting rape and sexual assault
18112:"China's barbaric one-child policy"
17578:"Iran to intensify dress crackdown"
16279:Benedict, Helen (August 13, 2008).
16148:from the original on March 21, 2015
15097:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act"
14580:Julie Bindel (September 10, 2007).
14341:Jeffries, Stuart (April 12, 2006).
14264:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
14229:Jeffries, Stuart (April 12, 2006).
14140:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
13823:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
12938:
12093:
12043:. blogs.reuters.com. Archived from
11949:Sayare, Scott (February 22, 2012).
11508:Frost, Natasha (February 2, 2018).
11048:. Manupatrafast.com. Archived from
11017:
10466:from the original on March 4, 2016.
10340:Iaccino, Ludovica (July 22, 2014).
8575:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
8424:World map of birth sex ratios, 2012
8416:Gendercide and forced sterilization
8372:discriminated against when pregnant
8302:in 1712, a boy wearing a pink dress
8251:Boys are frequently diagnosed with
7734:
7583:Today, some countries (for example
7020:("the women students"), one writes
3962:Genital modification and mutilation
2728:
2688:women's suffrage referendum of 1984
1177:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
19495:
19329:Feder, Jody and Cynthia Brougher.
19106:Lang, Olivia (February 26, 2013).
18893:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01068.x
18738:Lakhani, Nina (October 18, 2013).
18602:. January 15, 2008. Archived from
18247:. February 6, 2015. Archived from
17445:Bindel, Julie (January 24, 2012).
16590:from the original on June 4, 2023.
16488:. October 19, 2010. Archived from
16384:(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.:
16263:
16087:. October 27, 2014. Archived from
16025:from the original on April 4, 2015
15427:. October 22, 2014. Archived from
14701:American Psychological Association
14175:. Organizing Against Pornography.
14064:"Scandinavian split on sexist ads"
13944:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
13887:10.1111/j.1088-4963.1995.tb00032.x
13785:Rupp, Shannon (February 3, 2007).
13062:Why do men earn more? Just because
12504:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University
12066:Osel, Johann (February 18, 2015).
11385:"BBC NewsâTimeline: Liechtenstein"
11156:. Vol. 1. Sage. p. 496.
9970:The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory
9631:
9159:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
8310:Chinese woman shows the effect of
7414:
7283:ineffective equal pay legislation,
7273:Differences in pay are caused by:
6940:Sexist and gender-neutral language
2627:High Commissioner for Human Rights
2569:World Organisation Against Torture
2263:defines sexism as one branch of a
14:
23989:
19413:
19165:. August 13, 2008. Archived from
17466:Maglaty, Jeanne (April 7, 2011).
17379:from the original on June 6, 2013
16578:Watson, Ivan (January 13, 2012).
15860:Kronsell, Anica (June 29, 2006).
15229:University of California Berkeley
14561:Julie Bindel (January 18, 2006).
14257:Shrage, Laurie. (July 13, 2007).
13632:Equal Opportunities International
13164:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
13093:American Management Association.
12408:. New York Times, March 26, 2009.
9687:Oxford English Dictionary Vol. 15
9597:
8998:Sexism in the technology industry
8878:Gender discrimination in Pakistan
8616:The traditional leniency towards
7972:International Labour Organization
7886:discriminationâshowed that Black
7873:Healthcare and the LGBT community
7566:
2817:portrays stereotypes about women
2554:Code of Personal Status (Tunisia)
2476:Until the 20th century, U.S. and
21:Sexual orientation discrimination
23925:
23913:
23887:
23878:
23877:
23865:
23425:Democratic Republic of the Congo
22848:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
22009:Attraction to transgender people
21397:
21388:
21387:
21037:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
20874:Law for Protection of the Nation
20774:White genocide conspiracy theory
19419:
19149:
19121:
19099:
19081:
19024:
18998:
18813:
18788:
18767:
18753:
18731:
18713:
18654:
18610:
18588:
18565:
18532:
18499:
18468:
18454:Death Penalty Information Center
18442:
18341:
18280:
18263:
18233:
18203:
18177:
18147:
18122:
18103:
18085:
18055:
18035:
18010:
17984:
17959:
17866:
17861:Missing: 50 million Indian girls
17853:
17832:
17808:Bryant, Nick (August 18, 2007).
17801:
17775:
17728:"What is gender-based violence?"
17640:
17614:
17588:
17570:
17530:
17513:
17487:
17459:
17438:
17391:
17346:
17319:
17286:
17271:Coughlan, Sean (March 5, 2015).
17264:
17231:
17204:
17176:. In Ferguson, Sandra J. (ed.).
17165:
17126:
17105:
17079:
17051:
17003:
16989:
16970:Torgan, Allie (August 2, 2012).
16945:
16931:
16867:
16825:
16792:
16771:In the Company of Educated Women
16768:Solomon, Barbara Miller (1985).
16761:
16743:
16721:
16616:
16594:
16571:
16549:
16504:
16474:
16448:
16321:
16287:
16272:
16257:
16238:
16212:
16186:
16160:
16117:
16103:
16073:
16007:
15938:
15886:
15854:
15825:
15748:Berlatsky, Noah (May 29, 2013).
15741:
15648:
15630:
15604:
15582:
15527:
15472:
15382:
15360:
15309:
15287:National Black Justice Coalition
15271:
15252:Grossman, Joanna L. (May 2012).
15217:
15119:
15062:
14938:
14909:
14872:
14837:
14802:
14777:
14757:Entman, R.; Rojecki, A. (2000).
14750:
14713:
14689:
14648:
14630:
14592:
14573:
14554:
14530:
14512:
14446:
14421:
14404:
14353:
14334:
14270:
14189:
14109:
14087:
14081:
14007:
13966:
13861:
13838:
13778:
13758:
13732:
13671:
13652:
13622:
13557:
13522:
13434:
13404:
13376:Journal of Economic Perspectives
13363:
13267:
13208:Five myths about working mothers
13173:
13125:
13102:
13087:
13068:
13030:
12989:
12967:
12932:
12919:
12835:
12798:
12784:
12770:
12754:
12685:
12656:
12577:
12516:
12387:Oxford Review of Economic Policy
12375:
12330:
12268:
12203:
12041:"Grappling with language sexism"
12039:Nandi, Jacinta (March 5, 2011).
11729:. Linguarama.com. Archived from
11642:. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990,
10885:
10480:. Parisvoice.com. Archived from
10177:The English translation is from
9945:Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny
9014:
7146:
7035:Gender-specific pejorative terms
6871:
6403:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5742:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
4863:
4455:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
4284:Law for Protection of the Nation
4178:White genocide conspiracy theory
2857:
2737:
2223:Psychologists Mary Crawford and
1670:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1499:Law for Protection of the Nation
1393:White genocide conspiracy theory
72:
20879:MSM blood donation restrictions
20627:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
19185:
19128:Benedict, Helen (May 6, 2009).
18428:Doerner, Jill Kathleen (2009).
16386:American Psychiatric Publishing
15993:(published December 10, 2004).
15784:Byzantine emperor Nicephorus I"
15225:"Gender Equity Resource Center"
15103:. March 9, 2015. Archived from
13980:Journal of Advertising Research
13874:Philosophy & Public Affairs
13687:. June 22, 2007. Archived from
13610:. United Nations. March 8, 2006
13418:. March 5, 2016. Archived from
12892:Journal of Population Economics
12584:Sarah Kaplan (April 14, 2015).
12426:A third gender in the workplace
12116:
12087:
12078:
12059:
12032:
12005:
11911:
11864:
11774:
11719:
11653:
11632:
11587:
11566:
11531:
11467:
11399:
11377:
11343:
11320:
11297:
11275:
11231:
11191:
11145:
11097:
11064:
11038:
11011:
10989:
10961:
10930:
10906:
10879:
10847:
10805:
10779:
10750:
10718:
10693:
10661:
10636:
10628:. June 14, 2006. Archived from
10618:
10596:
10549:
10521:
10496:
10470:
10437:
10419:"Legacy '98: Detailed Timeline"
10359:
10333:
10298:
10269:
10248:
10239:
10227:
10220:Barstow, Anne Llewellyn (1994)
10214:
10202:
10171:
10085:
10028:
9961:
9740:Sociology: A Brief Introduction
9678:
9459:"Women: The Oppressed Majority"
9181:Collins Dictionary of Sociology
7761:
7683:
7162:
4289:MSM blood donation restrictions
4031:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
2332:principles that a woman should
1504:MSM blood donation restrictions
1246:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
20892:(as religious or racial quota)
19254:; Andreasen, Robin O. (2005).
17525:Medieval Clothing and Textiles
17024:Quarterly Journal of Economics
15390:"2015 U.S. Transgender Survey"
15049:Congressional Research Service
14786:The Rise of Enlightened Sexism
13205:Cahn, Naomi and June Carbone.
13065:. Denver Post, April 24, 2007.
10674:. Law.case.edu. Archived from
10643:Amnesty International (2009).
10453:Modern and Contemporary France
10094:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
9480:
9419:American Journal of Psychiatry
9264:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
9054:New Oxford American Dictionary
8695:United Nations Population Fund
8148:Palestinian National Authority
7800:Congressional Research Service
7774:Gender identity discrimination
7609:
7294:influence the gender pay gap.
7268:Causes for wage discrimination
7094:Occupational sexism refers to
6835:Women's suffrage organizations
4302:(as religious or racial quota)
2833:
2704:and its newer incarnation the
2595:restitution of conjugal rights
2448:Restitution of conjugal rights
1517:(as religious or racial quota)
1:
22099:Social construction of gender
21306:Second-generation gender bias
21022:Constitutional colorblindness
19750:Social determinants of health
19424:The dictionary definition of
19284:A companion to applied ethics
18722:"Reducing Maternal Mortality"
18217:. May 7, 2012. Archived from
17433:Oppressive fashions feminism.
17313:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.006
16809:University of Minnesota Press
16731:. ABC News. November 19, 2010
16705:. London. September 1, 2008.
16364:10.1525/sp.1992.39.1.03x0064l
15831:Goldstein, Joshua S. (2003).
14846:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14811:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14723:Psychology of Women Quarterly
14664:. Stanford University Press.
14115:MacKinnon, Catharine (1987).
13931:Psychology of Women Quarterly
13845:Goh-Mah, Joy (June 9, 2013).
13259:. WomensMedia. Archived from
12985:. Princeton University Press.
12733:Retrieved on August 19, 2011.
12449:American Journal of Sociology
12185:Commentary: Trans Progressive
11308:(in French). Mjp.univ-perp.fr
10035:Peter N. Stearns (Narrator).
9738:Schaefer, Richard T. (2009).
9456:Schaefer, Richard T. (2011).
9357:; Weaver, Charles A. (1999).
9077:A Companion to Applied Ethics
9032:
9029:, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
8549:Legal justice and regulations
7616:Feminist views on pornography
7067:Second-generation gender bias
4732:Second-generation gender bias
4440:Constitutional colorblindness
3130:Social determinants of health
2579:in court. While attempting a
2140:Franklin and Marshall College
2122:based on gender, also called
1947:Second-generation gender bias
1655:Constitutional colorblindness
345:Social determinants of health
23963:Sexuality-related prejudices
23787:Suffragists and suffragettes
22149:
22084:Sex as a biological variable
19404:Human Growth and Development
17941:(Ninth ed.). New York:
17145:University of Illinois Press
16380:Compton, Michael T. (2010).
16245:E. B. Knoer, Kelsey (2017).
15750:"When Men Experience Sexism"
14964:10.1080/09589236.2013.774269
14895:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.08.003
12679:10.1016/j.labeco.2006.01.006
12496:Aloi, Dan (August 4, 2005).
10346:International Business Times
8756:Odem, Jody Clay-Warner, and
8202:Sex differences in education
8195:
6820:Suffragists and suffragettes
6750:American feminist literature
2531:Democratic Republic of Congo
2370:University of Sydney Library
2338:women of the Anglo-Saxon era
2174:Sexism may be defined as an
28:Anti-sexism (disambiguation)
7:
21217:Medical model of disability
21069:Hate speech laws by country
18129:Kirti Singh (August 2013).
17677:"Female genital mutilation"
17408:Manchester University Press
17300:Journal of Public Economics
17037:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.1.349
16081:"Women in the Armed Forces"
15893:Selmeski, Brian R. (2007).
15883:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
15851:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
15069:Kimmel, Michael S. (2004).
13871:(1995). "Objectification".
13372:"Gender Differences in Pay"
13096:Bridging the Gender Pay Gap
12821:10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.598
10937:Human Rights Watch (2012).
10863:(in French). Archived from
10276:World Health Organization.
10195:September 27, 2007, at the
10058:David P. Silverman (2003).
9862:Crawford & Unger (2004)
9562:Sharyn Ann Lenhart (2004).
9056:. Oxford University Press.
8815:
8789:
8561:beating an Afghan woman in
8543:Female infanticide in India
8472:women and girls are missing
7985:
7900:
7745:Sexism in heavy metal music
7454:: treating the object as a
7234:graduation. A study by the
6060:Views on transgender topics
6050:Views on sexual orientation
4643:Medical model of disability
4487:Hate speech laws by country
2760:, discuss the issue on the
2212:, but did not use the term
2134:According to legal scholar
1858:Medical model of disability
1702:Hate speech laws by country
10:
23994:
21999:Androphilia and gynephilia
21326:Social model of disability
19805:Discrimination against men
19454:November 21, 2019, at the
19350:Cambridge University Press
18856:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.795
18663:Journal of Labor Economics
18627:Journal of Labor Economics
18559:10.5840/radphilrev20003110
18513:. Ussc.gov. Archived from
18475:Pearson, Patricia (1998).
16134:National Coalition for Men
15945:Joenniemi, Pertti (2006).
15873:Cambridge University Press
15781:Gagova, Krasimira (2015).
15720:(published May 15, 2012).
15370:. End Trans Discrimination
15201:Counseling Across Cultures
15130:(Sixth ed.). Boston:
14946:Attenborough, Frederick T.
14784:Douglas, Susan J. (2010).
14582:"Ending a trade in misery"
14538:"Readings on Prostitution"
14286:Harvard University Press.
14279:Yale Law and Policy Review
13533:. Papers and Proceedings.
13498:. Papers and Proceedings.
12941:Social Indicators Research
12523:Wendy M. Williams (2015).
12316:10.1177/089124391005002003
12243:OECD, Paris, 2008, p. 3-4.
12182:Anti-transgender Language
10559:Social Indicators Research
10233:
10208:
10190:Summers' 1928 introduction
10140:Stanford Lehmberg (2013).
9700:Macionis, John J. (2010).
9534:Cambridge University Press
9009:
8843:Discrimination against men
8793:
8725:
8686:
8381:
8288:
8278:
8274:
8199:
8172:Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani
8156:Balochistan honor killings
8100:, which it describes as a
8065:
7989:
7919:
7909:
7866:
7863:Transgender discrimination
7738:
7620:Anti-pornography feminist
7613:
7411:refused to hear the case.
7368:
7365:Transgender discrimination
7312:
7166:
7060:
7038:
6943:
4752:Social model of disability
3185:Discrimination against men
2799:
2702:Gender Empowerment Measure
2593:, maintain the concept of
2437:
2347:
2274:
2151:, the first time the term
1967:Social model of disability
400:Discrimination against men
35:Genderism (disambiguation)
32:
25:
18:
23859:
23799:
23738:
23731:
23410:
23117:
22868:Female genital mutilation
22811:
22744:
22641:
22361:
22350:
22277:Majority-Muslim countries
22242:
22209:
22166:
22157:
22051:
21981:
21945:
21842:
21809:
21796:
21599:
21467:
21456:
21383:
21122:
20999:
20792:
20679:Opposition to immigration
20403:
20050:
19897:
19647:
19597:Race / Ethnicity
19534:
19503:
19297:10.1002/9780470996621.ch8
18800:Amnesty International USA
18546:Radical Philosophy Review
17939:Introduction to Geography
17353:Jeffreys, Sheila (2005).
17248:. Toronto. Archived from
17089:. Prb.org. Archived from
16755:Amnesty International USA
15134:. pp. 131, 139â142.
14951:Journal of Gender Studies
14415:January 23, 2013, at the
14360:Strossen, Nadine (1993).
13993:10.2501/s0021849908080094
13645:10.1108/02610150910937916
13170:. Report 1025, June 2010.
13023:December 1, 2010, at the
12905:10.1007/s00148-003-0160-3
12845:Southern Economic Journal
12767:Retrieved March 31, 2011.
12763:The Gender Wage Gap: 2009
11676:10.1007/s11199-008-9390-x
11597:Sociological Perspectives
11445:10.1017/S1743923X08000330
10839:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
10582:10.1007/s11205-011-9857-y
10371:Amnesty International USA
9638:Shapiro, Fred R. (1985).
9391:Matsumoto, David (2001).
8978:Sex differences in humans
8539:Female foeticide in India
8405:World Health Organization
8394:female genital mutilation
8384:Female genital mutilation
8378:Female genital mutilation
7906:Child and forced marriage
6851:Women's rights by country
5762:Female genital mutilation
4083:Opposition to immigration
2971:Race / Ethnicity
2169:Vital Speeches of the Day
2155:appeared in print was in
2148:Oxford English Dictionary
2130:Etymology and definitions
1298:Opposition to immigration
186:Race / Ethnicity
23834:Women's studies journals
23792:Women's rights activists
22353:Movements and ideologies
21547:Non-binary / genderqueer
20674:Occupational segregation
20443:Compulsory sterilization
19236:10.1177/0261927X12463008
18955:, Limited. p. 480.
18880:Journal of Social Issues
18826:. Amnesty International.
18539:Barron, Phillip (2000).
18331:National Geographic News
18301:10.1177/0004865812443681
18110:Jian, Ma (May 6, 2013).
17648:"Work Faster or Get Out"
17398:Hollows, Joanne (2000).
16888:10.1177/0891243211416809
16853:10.1177/0891243212451904
16799:Eagleton, Terry (1983).
16139:United States Government
15807:Matanov, Hristo (2014).
15006:10.1177/0146167207310022
14858:10.1177/0361684311429110
14823:10.1177/0361684312454724
14736:10.1177/0361684310385217
14605:. Taylor & Francis.
14312:Wattenberg, Ben (1995).
14121:Harvard University Press
14020:Journal of Euromarketing
13580:10.1177/0891243205285371
13531:American Economic Review
13495:American Economic Review
12695:Eastern Economic Journal
12632:10.1177/0019793915625213
12210:Gordon, Suzanne (2006).
11540:Public Opinion Quarterly
10701:"The War Within the War"
10184:October 6, 2013, at the
10039:. The Teaching Company.
9237:, ed. (2007). "Sexism".
8873:Gender bias on Knowledge
8557:Member of the Taliban's
7016:("the men students") or
6856:Feminists by nationality
6830:Women's studies journals
6825:Women's rights activists
5553:Movements and ideologies
4078:Occupational segregation
3847:Compulsory sterilization
2711:
2198:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
2086:. It has been linked to
1293:Occupational segregation
1062:Compulsory sterilization
33:Not to be confused with
23378:International relations
22109:Transgender archaeology
21202:Internalized oppression
21064:Fighting Discrimination
21054:Fat acceptance movement
21012:Anti-discrimination law
20652:Native American mascots
19434:Sexism in the Workplace
19209:Inc., West Sussex, UK;
17785:. GSDRC. Archived from
17783:"Gender-based violence"
16997:"Making Room for Girls"
16685:(subscription required)
16421:Essentials of Sociology
15132:Pearson/Allyn and Bacon
12953:10.1023/A:1022661604653
12729:The situation in the EU
12552:10.1073/pnas.1418878112
11842:10.1023/A:1023599719948
10977:. BBC.com. May 21, 2013
10791:www.jurisitetunisie.com
10508:Womeninworldhistory.com
10224:San Francisco: Pandora.
9968:Eller, Cynthia (2000).
9505:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
9488:University of New Haven
9139:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8838:Conscription and sexism
8458:, in countries such as
8176:Mohammad-Javad Larijani
7992:Conscription and sexism
7678:sadistic or masochistic
7538:Reduction to Appearance
7427:of women on a wine menu
6946:Gender-neutral language
6244:International relations
5115:Intersectional variants
4628:Internalized oppression
4482:Fighting Discrimination
4472:Fat acceptance movement
4430:Anti-discrimination law
4056:Native American mascots
2706:Gender Inequality Index
2480:observed the system of
2320:could not vote or hold
1843:Internalized oppression
1697:Fighting Discrimination
1687:Fat acceptance movement
1645:Anti-discrimination law
1271:Native American mascots
23807:Conservative feminisms
23107:Women in the workforce
23075:Violence against women
23050:Sexual objectification
23010:Opposition to feminism
22217:Bicycling and feminism
22104:Split attraction model
22089:Sexâgender distinction
21321:Social identity threat
21294:Reverse discrimination
21284:Racial color blindness
20764:Violence against women
20744:Sex-selective abortion
19406:(5 ed.). Belmont, Ca:
18274:June 23, 2014, at the
18211:"Codifying Repression"
17916:10.1080/00324720308069
17566:on September 27, 2013.
17225:10.1080/01425699995290
16557:"EthicsâHonour crimes"
16085:Norwegian Armed Forces
14167:Catharine A. MacKinnon
13082:Bloomberg Businessweek
12929:Accessed June 29, 2012
12169:March 4, 2016, at the
11752:Spender, Dale (1983).
10444:Allwood, Gill (1999).
9997:Craig Lockard (2014).
9903:Frye, Marilyn (1983).
9528:Macklem, Tony (2003).
8983:Sexism and video games
8808:
8804:Meeting of victims of
8749:
8676:
8666:One study found that:
8643:battered wife syndrome
8570:
8440:
8432:
8425:
8400:
8367:
8315:
8303:
8152:
8088:
8084:Acid attack victim in
8005:
7960:
7950:. UNICEF states that:
7935:
7767:Frederick Attenborough
7732:
7717:European Women's Lobby
7674:sex-positive feminists
7670:
7646:violence against women
7639:
7576:
7441:sexual objectification
7428:
7425:sexual objectification
7371:Transgender inequality
7246:
7182:
7125:
7083:
6770:Conservative feminisms
6025:Bicycling and feminism
6001:Women in the workforce
5969:Violence against women
5944:Sexual objectification
5904:Opposition to feminism
5171:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4747:Social identity threat
4720:Reverse discrimination
4710:Racial color blindness
4168:Violence against women
4148:Sex-selective abortion
2822:
2658:
2640:
2473:
2373:
2344:Witch hunts and trials
2326:women in ancient China
2313:women in ancient Egypt
2305:
2280:Pre-agricultural world
2165:Greenwich, Connecticut
1962:Social identity threat
1935:Reverse discrimination
1925:Racial color blindness
1383:Violence against women
1363:Sex-selective abortion
50:
23847:Women in peacekeeping
23388:Revisionist mythology
22831:Children's literature
22079:Queer heterosexuality
21289:Religious intolerance
21249:Political correctness
21079:Intersex human rights
21027:Cultural assimilation
20709:Religious persecution
20473:Disability hate crime
19207:John Wiley & Sons
18337:on February 15, 2002.
18067:Amnesty International
17705:. European Parliament
17293:Boring, Anne (2017).
17012:Lleras-Muney, Adriana
17010:Jayachandran, Seema;
16776:Yale University Press
16608:. February 23, 2011.
15718:John Wiley & Sons
15101:Human Rights Campaign
14602:The Industrial Vagina
14550:on September 3, 2006.
14494:10.1375/acri.40.2.127
14106:(English translation)
13903:(February 15, 2009).
13508:10.1257/aer.101.3.635
13457:10.1353/sof.2001.0091
13118:July 6, 2011, at the
13077:Women and the pay gap
12198:San Diego LGBT Weekly
12192:July 3, 2013, at the
11474:Chen, Lanyan (2009).
11432:Politics & Gender
11327:Assemblée nationale.
11119:on September 24, 2015
11071:Equality Now (2007).
9432:10.1176/ajp.141.4.499
9340:Although we speak of
8888:Gender egalitarianism
8803:
8739:
8712:Amnesty International
8668:
8639:postpartum depression
8556:
8438:
8431:
8423:
8391:
8362:
8309:
8298:
8289:Further information:
8265:learning environments
8190:Amnesty International
8140:
8098:gender-based violence
8083:
8066:Further information:
8003:
7996:Women in the military
7990:Further information:
7976:marriage by abduction
7956:gender discrimination
7952:
7933:
7920:Further information:
7741:Misogyny in rap music
7727:
7665:
7634:
7574:
7422:
7255:competitive advantage
7244:
7176:
7119:suggests that about 8
7112:
7074:
6800:Feminist rhetoricians
6790:Feminist philosophers
6342:Revisionist mythology
6045:Views on prostitution
6030:Criticism of marriage
5725:Children's literature
4715:Religious intolerance
4675:Political correctness
4497:Intersex human rights
4445:Cultural assimilation
4113:Religious persecution
3877:Disability hate crime
2813:
2672:Appenzell Innerrhoden
2650:
2643:Suffrage and politics
2631:
2463:
2452:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
2357:
2318:women in ancient Rome
2296:
2289:Ancient civilizations
2208:described systems of
2163:Executive Council in
2102:, and other forms of
1930:Religious intolerance
1890:Political correctness
1712:Intersex human rights
1660:Cultural assimilation
1328:Religious persecution
1092:Disability hate crime
45:
23973:Feminist terminology
23290:Pathways perspective
23136:Gender mainstreaming
23055:Substantive equality
23035:Reproductive justice
22985:Matriarchal religion
22843:Diversity (politics)
22059:Anti-gender movement
22034:Romantic orientation
20694:Political repression
19700:Anti-left handedness
19690:Anti-intellectualism
19335:Haberfeld, Yitchak.
19260:Blackwell Publishing
19032:Body-Gendrot, Sophie
18984:. pp. 317â333.
18606:on October 20, 2013.
17621:Davelaar, Geertjan.
17184:Taylor & Francis
16959:. November 10, 2021.
16953:"The World Factbook"
16912:Pollack, E. (2013).
16841:Gender & Society
15955:. pp. 142â149.
15644:. February 23, 2007.
15543:. September 9, 2013.
15486:on February 22, 2015
15431:on September 7, 2018
15297:on February 20, 2019
15072:The Gendered Society
13849:. Huffpost Lifestyle
13543:10.1257/aer.89.2.392
13280:The Economic Journal
13037:Watson, Ian (2010).
12745:U.S. Census Bureau.
12390:, 2005, 21, 416â438.
11733:on November 21, 2019
11707:on September 4, 2015
11701:"Sexism in Language"
11514:www.atlasobscura.com
11482:. pp. 186â207.
11480:University of Ottawa
11046:"Manupatra Articles"
10528:Benhold, K. (2010).
10265:. December 14, 2011.
9874:Hooks, Bell (2000).
9464:Sociology in Modules
9355:Loftus, Elizabeth F.
8595:common law countries
8565:on August 26, 2001.
8494:Forced sterilization
8109:United Arab Emirates
8026:(2012), philosopher
8004:New Zealand soldiers
7591:) have laws against
7309:Glass ceiling effect
6780:Feminist art critics
6755:Feminist comic books
6712:Lists and categories
6391:By continent/country
6222:Pathways perspective
6105:Gender mainstreaming
6040:Views on pornography
5949:Substantive equality
5929:Reproductive justice
5879:Matriarchal religion
5737:Diversity (politics)
5678:Political lesbianism
4988:Other women's rights
4098:Political repression
3080:Anti-left handedness
3070:Anti-intellectualism
2758:improve this section
2748:may not represent a
2656:Christabel Pankhurst
2124:substantive equality
2120:equality of outcomes
2112:workplace inequality
1313:Political repression
295:Anti-left handedness
285:Anti-intellectualism
23872:Feminism portal
23752:Ecofeminist authors
23602:Trinidad and Tobago
23542:Republic of Ireland
23403:Composition studies
23085:Women's empowerment
23040:Sex workers' rights
22965:Feminist capitalism
22945:Internalized sexism
22883:Feminism in culture
22766:Kurdish (Jineology)
21811:Sexual orientations
21542:Masculine of center
21197:Historical eugenics
20734:Segregation academy
20714:Religious terrorism
20503:Enemy of the people
20411:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
19937:Jehovah's Witnesses
19830:Perpetual foreigner
19157:"Why Soldiers Rape"
18763:. January 15, 2015.
18456:. February 28, 2011
18414:on October 5, 2013.
18099:. October 29, 2015.
17536:Baumgarten, Linda:
16281:"Why Soldiers Rape"
16251:Nebraska Law Review
15901:Syracuse University
14661:The Sexual Contract
14366:Virginia Law Review
14032:10.9768/0023.03.035
13416:European Commission
13389:10.1257/jep.14.4.75
13359:. KS-TC18-003-EN-N.
13213:The Washington Post
13099:. October 17, 2007.
12780:. December 4, 2018.
12724:European Commission
12591:The Washington Post
12543:2015PNAS..112.5360W
12405:The Anti-Mommy Bias
12200:, February 3, 2011.
12196:San Diego, Calif.:
11795:on December 7, 2013
11552:10.1093/poq/nfaa058
11365:on November 9, 2013
11304:Jean-Pierre Maury.
11018:Sen, Samta (1999).
10760:Middle East Journal
10681:on October 21, 2012
10606:. Countrystudies.us
10389:Blackstone, William
9775:Sociology: The Core
9351:Wortman, Camille B.
8958:Occupational sexism
8913:Internalized sexism
8898:Gender polarization
8778:In countries where
8746:gang-raped in Delhi
8705:) women who suffer
8699:reproductive health
8689:Reproductive rights
8683:Reproductive rights
8659:Some countries use
8409:European Parliament
8333:The Women's Journal
8219:information science
7806:Oppositional sexism
7622:Catharine MacKinnon
7553:unipolar depression
7347:Weight-based sexism
7140:World Values Survey
7104:wage discrimination
7063:Occupational sexism
7057:Occupational sexism
6964:postmodern feminism
6960:standpoint feminism
6878:Feminism portal
6785:Feminist economists
6775:Ecofeminist authors
6580:Trinidad and Tobago
6520:Republic of Ireland
6212:Composition studies
5979:Women's empowerment
5934:Sex workers' rights
5859:Feminist capitalism
5839:Internalized sexism
5777:Feminism in culture
4890:History of feminism
4623:Historical eugenics
4138:Segregation academy
4118:Religious terrorism
3907:Enemy of the people
3815:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
3325:Jehovah's Witnesses
3210:Perpetual foreigner
2487:Minor v. Happersett
2416:punishable by death
2394:Malleus Maleficarum
2378:early modern Europe
2365:Malleus Maleficarum
2190:social institutions
1838:Historical eugenics
1353:Segregation academy
1333:Religious terrorism
1122:Enemy of the people
1030:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
540:Jehovah's Witnesses
425:Perpetual foreigner
23248:Literary criticism
23126:Complementarianism
22853:Effects on society
22821:Complementarianism
22633:Women's liberation
21932:Same gender loving
21843:Alternative labels
21109:Social integration
21104:Self-determination
21094:Racial integration
21042:Diversity training
21032:Cultural pluralism
21007:Affirmative action
20907:Racial segregation
20817:Crime of apartheid
20719:Religious violence
20229:Indigenous people
19624:Sexual orientation
19449:Sexism in Language
19408:Wadsworth Learning
19397:Management Journal
19392:Transgender Rights
19319:Transgender Rights
18945:Brownmiller, Susan
18520:on August 23, 2013
18215:Human Rights Watch
18143:on March 13, 2014.
17904:Population Studies
17652:Human Rights Watch
17406:. Manchester, UK:
17245:The Globe and Mail
17111:Halpern, Diane F.
16918:The New York Times
16876:Gender and Society
16300:The New York Times
15991:Palgrave Macmillan
15953:Ashgate Publishing
15336:10.1111/socf.12193
15323:Sociological Forum
15258:verdict.justia.com
15167:. Emeryville, CA:
15126:Hurst, C. (2007).
14699:. Washington, DC:
13691:on August 26, 2019
13684:Williams Institute
13567:Gender and Society
13292:10.1111/ecoj.12303
13111:Behind the Pay Gap
12303:Gender and Society
12265:OECD, Paris, 2008.
11955:The New York Times
11411:The New York Times
10999:. Indiankanoon.org
10947:Human Rights Watch
10818:Al Huffington Post
10535:The New York Times
10399:on October 5, 2008
10007:. pp. 88â89.
9800:Witt, Jon (2017).
8988:Sexism in academia
8963:Pink-collar worker
8809:
8750:
8588:Human Rights Watch
8571:
8448:selective abortion
8444:Female infanticide
8441:
8433:
8426:
8401:
8316:
8304:
8269:right to education
8235:The World Factbook
8212:English literature
8206:Sexism in academia
8089:
8006:
7964:child sexual abuse
7944:Sub-Saharan Africa
7936:
7663:MacKinnon writes:
7650:sexually assaulted
7577:
7557:sexual dysfunction
7469:self-determination
7429:
7338:Potential remedies
7247:
7183:
7117:Employment Outlook
6922:Examples include:
6190:Literary criticism
6055:Views on sexuality
5747:Effects on society
5715:Complementarianism
5695:Women's liberation
5450:Religious variants
5424:trans-exclusionary
5142:Radical lesbianism
4527:Social integration
4522:Self-determination
4512:Racial integration
4460:Diversity training
4450:Cultural pluralism
4425:Affirmative action
4317:Racial segregation
4227:Crime of apartheid
4123:Religious violence
3625:Indigenous people
2996:Sexual orientation
2823:
2796:Gender stereotypes
2659:
2474:
2374:
2306:
1742:Social integration
1737:Self-determination
1727:Racial integration
1675:Diversity training
1665:Cultural pluralism
1640:Affirmative action
1532:Racial segregation
1442:Crime of apartheid
1338:Religious violence
840:Indigenous people
211:Sexual orientation
51:
23978:Sexual harassment
23901:
23900:
23855:
23854:
23265:Political ecology
23171:Ăcriture fĂ©minine
23070:Triple oppression
23060:Toxic masculinity
23045:Sexual harassment
22910:Feminist stripper
22888:Feminist movement
22807:
22806:
22745:Ethnic and racial
22346:
22345:
22117:
22116:
22064:Gender assignment
22047:
22046:
21792:
21791:
21532:Gender neutrality
21411:
21410:
21279:Racism by country
21207:Intersectionality
21192:Heteronormativity
20991:Voter suppression
20739:Sexual harassment
20538:Forced conversion
20458:Cultural genocide
20128:African Americans
19947:postâCold War era
19932:Eastern Orthodoxy
19685:Anti-drug addicts
19680:Anti-homelessness
19607:Scientific racism
19381:978-0-465-03292-1
19306:978-1-4051-3345-6
19269:978-1-4051-1661-9
19215:978-0-470-67446-8
19197:978-0-8204-5502-0
19047:978-1-136-18549-6
18991:978-0-471-51023-9
18962:978-0-14-013986-0
18930:978-0-8420-2599-7
18634:(S1): S201âS234.
18492:978-0-14-024388-8
18189:BBC World Service
18165:on March 26, 2015
17952:978-0-07-252183-2
17880:on April 20, 2012
17789:on April 14, 2015
17501:. January 8, 2009
17421:978-0-7190-4394-9
17369:978-0-203-69856-3
17339:978-92-3-100330-1
17197:978-0-7674-0616-1
17158:978-0-252-06110-3
16818:978-0-8166-1241-3
16785:978-0-300-03314-4
16492:on March 25, 2012
16434:978-0-495-09636-8
16425:Thomson/Wadsworth
16395:978-1-58562-347-1
16264:Schmid, Megan N.
16226:. August 21, 2023
16000:978-1-403-97936-0
15962:978-0-754-64410-1
15910:978-0-549-40315-9
15881:978-1-139-45873-3
15849:978-0-306-47770-6
15793:978-954-8624-45-9
15727:978-0-470-67451-2
15669:on March 23, 2013
15569:whqlibdoc.who.int
15513:BBC World Service
15210:978-1-4522-1752-9
15178:978-0-786-74791-7
15141:978-0-205-48436-2
15082:978-0-19-514975-3
14795:978-0-312-67392-5
14770:978-0-226-21075-9
14709:10.1037/11213-000
14671:978-0-8047-1477-8
14612:978-0-203-69830-3
14182:978-0-9621849-0-1
14119:. Cambridge, MA:
13914:978-0-19-955145-3
13668:, April 11, 2009.
13348:978-92-79-86877-1
13245:Paris: OECD 2002.
13132:Morrison, Megan.
13084:, April 27, 2007.
12976:"Women Don't Ask"
12537:(17): 5360â5365.
12502:Cornell Chronicle
12187:by Autumn Sandeen
12146:on July 16, 2014.
11767:978-0-7100-0675-2
11756:Man Made Language
11648:978-0-8039-3815-1
11582:978-0-631-22774-8
11489:978-0-7766-0709-2
11219:on March 13, 2017
11179:Missing or empty
11172:cite encyclopedia
11163:978-1-4129-7685-5
11085:on March 29, 2014
11031:978-0-521-45363-9
10632:on June 14, 2006.
10446:"Women in France"
10157:978-1-134-41528-1
10107:978-0-19-516185-4
10071:978-0-19-521952-4
10014:978-1-305-17707-9
9983:978-0-8070-6793-2
9954:978-0-19-060498-1
9918:978-0-89594-099-5
9889:978-0-89608-614-2
9864:, pp. 59â60.
9848:978-0-07-282107-9
9811:978-1-259-70272-3
9786:978-0-07-340425-7
9749:978-0-07-340426-4
9711:978-0-205-74989-8
9579:978-1-135-94131-4
9543:978-0-521-82682-2
9473:978-0-07-802677-5
9402:978-0-19-513181-9
9372:978-0-0707-1931-6
9335:978-0-1953-7522-0
9302:978-0-631-21681-0
9289:Johnson, Allan G.
9271:978-1-9331-1644-0
9248:978-0-3133-3646-1
9219:978-0-230-62509-9
9192:978-0-00-718399-9
9168:978-0-19-103747-4
9155:Hornsby, Jennifer
9115:978-1-4522-6602-2
9086:978-1-4051-7190-8
9063:978-0-19-989153-5
8893:Gender neutrality
8863:Feminist movement
8823:Ambivalent sexism
8762:acquaintance rape
8758:Susan Brownmiller
8618:crimes of passion
8519:Jammu and Kashmir
8392:Campaign against
8168:Israr Ullah Zehri
8093:domestic violence
8062:Domestic violence
7828:heteronormativity
7755:media consumption
7701:rates of violence
7532:Reduction to Body
7521:Rae Helen Langton
7433:social philosophy
7403:Human Rights Code
7251:supply and demand
6983:Romanic languages
6912:
6911:
6863:
6862:
6382:
6381:
6372:womanist theology
6315:Political ecology
6146:Ăcriture fĂ©minine
6073:
6072:
5964:Triple oppression
5954:Toxic masculinity
5939:Sexual harassment
5804:Feminist stripper
5782:Feminist movement
5343:
5342:
5274:Africana womanism
5105:
5104:
4842:
4841:
4705:Racism by country
4633:Intersectionality
4618:Heteronormativity
4401:Voter suppression
4143:Sexual harassment
3942:Forced conversion
3862:Cultural genocide
3524:African Americans
3335:postâCold War era
3320:Eastern Orthodoxy
3065:Anti-drug addicts
3060:Anti-homelessness
2981:Scientific racism
2790:
2789:
2782:
2599:contempt of court
2384:were a threat to
2368:, 1520, from the
2265:patriarchal order
2234:ambivalent sexism
2210:gender inequality
2206:Harriet Martineau
2145:According to the
2096:sexual harassment
2057:
2056:
1920:Racism by country
1848:Intersectionality
1833:Heteronormativity
1616:Voter suppression
1358:Sexual harassment
1157:Forced conversion
1077:Cultural genocide
739:African Americans
550:postâCold War era
535:Eastern Orthodoxy
280:Anti-drug addicts
275:Anti-homelessness
196:Scientific racism
23985:
23930:
23929:
23928:
23918:
23917:
23909:
23891:
23890:
23881:
23880:
23870:
23869:
23868:
23736:
23735:
23719:History of women
23196:Political theory
23097:
23090:Women-only space
22975:Likeability trap
22863:Female education
22359:
22358:
22354:
22314:African-American
22244:Women's suffrage
22235:
22222:Feminist history
22164:
22163:
22144:
22137:
22130:
22121:
22120:
21907:Non-heterosexual
21807:
21806:
21465:
21464:
21438:
21431:
21424:
21415:
21414:
21401:
21400:
21391:
21390:
21331:Social privilege
21316:Social exclusion
21244:Police brutality
21165:Multiculturalism
21135:Amatonormativity
20966:Social exclusion
20802:Age of candidacy
20602:Homeless dumping
20508:Ethnic cleansing
19490:
19483:
19476:
19467:
19466:
19423:
19315:"Discrimination
19310:
19273:
19247:
19201:Benatar, David.
19179:
19178:
19176:
19174:
19153:
19147:
19146:
19144:
19142:
19125:
19119:
19118:
19116:
19114:
19103:
19097:
19096:
19095:. June 21, 2007.
19085:
19079:
19078:
19072:
19068:
19066:
19058:
19056:
19054:
19028:
19022:
19021:
19019:
19017:
19002:
18996:
18995:
18973:
18967:
18966:
18941:
18935:
18934:
18910:
18897:
18896:
18874:
18868:
18867:
18834:
18828:
18827:
18825:
18817:
18811:
18810:
18808:
18806:
18792:
18786:
18785:
18783:
18781:
18771:
18765:
18764:
18757:
18751:
18750:
18748:
18746:
18735:
18729:
18728:
18726:
18717:
18711:
18710:
18708:
18706:
18696:
18687:
18686:
18658:
18652:
18651:
18623:
18614:
18608:
18607:
18592:
18586:
18585:
18583:
18581:
18569:
18563:
18562:
18536:
18530:
18529:
18527:
18525:
18519:
18512:
18503:
18497:
18496:
18472:
18466:
18465:
18463:
18461:
18446:
18440:
18439:
18425:
18416:
18415:
18404:
18389:
18388:
18386:
18384:
18369:
18360:
18359:
18353:
18345:
18339:
18338:
18333:. Archived from
18322:
18313:
18312:
18284:
18278:
18267:
18261:
18260:
18258:
18256:
18251:on April 2, 2015
18237:
18231:
18230:
18228:
18226:
18221:on April 2, 2015
18207:
18201:
18200:
18198:
18196:
18181:
18175:
18174:
18172:
18170:
18161:. Archived from
18151:
18145:
18144:
18142:
18135:
18126:
18120:
18119:
18107:
18101:
18100:
18089:
18083:
18082:
18080:
18078:
18069:. Archived from
18059:
18053:
18052:
18039:
18033:
18032:
18030:
18028:
18014:
18008:
18007:
18005:
18003:
17998:. April 12, 2012
17988:
17982:
17981:
17979:
17977:
17963:
17957:
17956:
17934:
17928:
17927:
17899:
17890:
17889:
17887:
17885:
17876:. Archived from
17870:
17864:
17857:
17851:
17850:
17848:
17846:
17836:
17830:
17829:
17827:
17825:
17805:
17799:
17798:
17796:
17794:
17779:
17773:
17772:
17757:
17748:
17747:
17745:
17743:
17734:. Archived from
17724:
17715:
17714:
17712:
17710:
17699:
17693:
17692:
17690:
17688:
17673:
17664:
17663:
17661:
17659:
17654:. March 11, 2015
17644:
17638:
17637:
17635:
17633:
17627:cleanclothes.org
17618:
17612:
17611:
17609:
17607:
17602:. March 15, 2002
17592:
17586:
17585:
17584:. July 15, 2007.
17574:
17568:
17567:
17565:
17558:
17550:
17541:
17534:
17528:
17522:
17517:
17511:
17510:
17508:
17506:
17491:
17485:
17484:
17482:
17480:
17463:
17457:
17456:
17442:
17436:
17435:
17430:
17428:
17405:
17395:
17389:
17388:
17386:
17384:
17378:
17361:
17350:
17344:
17343:
17323:
17317:
17316:
17290:
17284:
17283:
17281:
17279:
17268:
17262:
17261:
17259:
17257:
17235:
17229:
17228:
17208:
17202:
17201:
17169:
17163:
17162:
17130:
17124:
17109:
17103:
17102:
17100:
17098:
17083:
17077:
17076:
17074:
17072:
17063:
17055:
17049:
17048:
17020:
17007:
17001:
17000:
16993:
16987:
16986:
16984:
16982:
16967:
16961:
16960:
16949:
16943:
16942:
16935:
16929:
16928:
16926:
16924:
16909:
16900:
16899:
16871:
16865:
16864:
16838:
16829:
16823:
16822:
16806:
16796:
16790:
16789:
16765:
16759:
16758:
16747:
16741:
16740:
16738:
16736:
16725:
16719:
16718:
16716:
16714:
16700:
16693:
16687:
16686:
16683:
16681:
16679:
16661:
16655:
16649:
16643:
16642:
16640:
16638:
16628:
16620:
16614:
16613:
16598:
16592:
16591:
16575:
16569:
16568:
16553:
16547:
16546:
16534:
16528:
16527:
16525:
16523:
16518:on April 2, 2015
16508:
16502:
16501:
16499:
16497:
16478:
16472:
16471:
16469:
16467:
16462:on April 4, 2015
16452:
16446:
16445:
16442:
16423:(7th ed.).
16416:
16407:
16406:
16403:
16377:
16368:
16367:
16345:
16339:
16338:
16325:
16319:
16318:
16316:
16314:
16291:
16285:
16284:
16276:
16270:
16269:
16261:
16255:
16254:
16242:
16236:
16235:
16233:
16231:
16216:
16210:
16209:
16207:
16205:
16190:
16184:
16183:
16181:
16179:
16164:
16158:
16157:
16155:
16153:
16147:
16130:
16121:
16115:
16114:
16107:
16101:
16100:
16098:
16096:
16077:
16071:
16070:
16068:
16066:
16057:. Oslo, Norway.
16044:
16035:
16034:
16032:
16030:
16021:. May 30, 2006.
16011:
16005:
16004:
15980:
15974:
15973:
15971:
15969:
15942:
15936:
15935:
15929:
15921:
15919:
15917:
15890:
15884:
15858:
15852:
15829:
15823:
15822:
15811:. IK Gutenberg.
15804:
15798:
15797:
15778:
15772:
15771:
15769:
15767:
15745:
15739:
15738:
15736:
15734:
15704:
15693:
15692:
15686:
15678:
15676:
15674:
15668:
15662:. Archived from
15661:
15652:
15646:
15645:
15634:
15628:
15627:
15625:
15623:
15608:
15602:
15601:
15599:
15597:
15592:. March 15, 2012
15586:
15580:
15579:
15577:
15575:
15566:
15558:
15545:
15544:
15531:
15525:
15524:
15522:
15520:
15505:
15496:
15495:
15493:
15491:
15482:. Archived from
15476:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15465:
15450:
15441:
15440:
15438:
15436:
15421:"Child marriage"
15417:
15408:
15407:
15405:
15403:
15394:
15386:
15380:
15379:
15377:
15375:
15364:
15358:
15357:
15347:
15313:
15307:
15306:
15304:
15302:
15296:
15290:. Archived from
15283:
15275:
15269:
15268:
15266:
15264:
15249:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15221:
15215:
15214:
15196:
15183:
15182:
15157:
15146:
15145:
15123:
15117:
15116:
15114:
15112:
15093:
15087:
15086:
15066:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15055:
15046:
15037:
15026:
15025:
14987:
14976:
14975:
14942:
14936:
14935:
14932:10.1037/h0087148
14913:
14907:
14906:
14876:
14870:
14869:
14841:
14835:
14834:
14806:
14800:
14799:
14781:
14775:
14774:
14754:
14748:
14747:
14717:
14711:
14693:
14687:
14686:
14680:
14678:
14652:
14646:
14645:
14634:
14628:
14627:
14621:
14619:
14596:
14590:
14589:
14577:
14571:
14570:
14558:
14552:
14551:
14549:
14543:. Archived from
14542:
14534:
14528:
14527:
14516:
14510:
14509:
14475:
14466:
14465:
14463:
14461:
14450:
14444:
14443:
14441:
14439:
14425:
14419:
14408:
14402:
14401:
14357:
14351:
14350:
14338:
14332:
14331:
14329:
14327:
14309:
14303:
14274:
14268:
14255:
14249:
14248:
14246:
14244:
14226:
14220:
14193:
14187:
14186:
14159:
14153:
14152:
14150:
14148:
14130:
14124:
14113:
14107:
14105:
14103:
14101:
14095:
14085:
14079:
14078:
14076:
14074:
14059:
14050:
14049:
14043:
14035:
14011:
14005:
14004:
13970:
13964:
13963:
13925:
13919:
13918:
13897:
13891:
13890:
13869:Nussbaum, Martha
13865:
13859:
13858:
13856:
13854:
13842:
13836:
13835:
13833:
13831:
13813:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13799:
13782:
13776:
13775:
13774:. June 18, 2020.
13762:
13756:
13755:
13753:
13751:
13736:
13730:
13729:
13727:
13725:
13707:
13701:
13700:
13698:
13696:
13675:
13669:
13656:
13650:
13648:
13626:
13620:
13619:
13617:
13615:
13609:
13601:
13592:
13591:
13561:
13555:
13554:
13526:
13520:
13519:
13491:
13482:
13469:
13468:
13438:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13427:
13422:on March 5, 2016
13408:
13402:
13401:
13391:
13367:
13361:
13360:
13332:
13321:
13312:
13311:
13286:(590): 109â134.
13271:
13265:
13264:
13263:on May 23, 2013.
13252:
13246:
13237:
13231:
13222:
13216:
13203:
13197:
13196:
13194:
13192:
13177:
13171:
13162:
13156:
13155:
13153:
13151:
13145:
13139:. Archived from
13138:
13129:
13123:
13106:
13100:
13091:
13085:
13072:
13066:
13057:
13051:
13050:
13034:
13028:
13011:
13005:
12993:
12987:
12986:
12980:
12971:
12965:
12964:
12947:(1â3): 367â385.
12936:
12930:
12923:
12917:
12916:
12888:
12879:
12870:
12869:
12839:
12833:
12832:
12815:(2â3): 598â607.
12802:
12796:
12795:
12788:
12782:
12781:
12774:
12768:
12758:
12752:
12743:
12734:
12721:
12712:
12711:
12689:
12683:
12682:
12666:Labour Economics
12660:
12654:
12653:
12643:
12609:
12603:
12602:
12600:
12598:
12581:
12575:
12574:
12564:
12554:
12520:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12509:
12493:
12484:
12483:
12465:
12456:(5): 1297â1338.
12443:
12434:
12431:The Boston Globe
12418:
12409:
12400:
12391:
12379:
12373:
12372:
12334:
12328:
12327:
12297:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12283:
12272:
12266:
12253:
12244:
12231:
12216:
12215:
12207:
12201:
12180:
12174:
12154:
12148:
12147:
12145:
12139:. Archived from
12130:
12120:
12114:
12113:
12091:
12085:
12082:
12076:
12075:
12063:
12057:
12056:
12054:
12052:
12047:on March 7, 2011
12036:
12030:
12029:
12014:Feminist Teacher
12009:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11998:
11993:. March 23, 2011
11983:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11969:
11946:
11937:
11936:
11934:
11932:
11923:
11915:
11909:
11908:
11902:
11894:
11892:
11890:
11885:on March 9, 2005
11884:
11878:. Archived from
11877:
11868:
11862:
11861:
11825:
11819:
11818:
11812:
11804:
11802:
11800:
11794:
11788:. Archived from
11787:
11778:
11772:
11771:
11759:
11749:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11738:
11723:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11712:
11697:
11688:
11687:
11670:(9â10): 702â12.
11657:
11651:
11636:
11630:
11629:
11591:
11585:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11535:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11505:
11494:
11493:
11471:
11465:
11464:
11426:
11415:
11414:
11403:
11397:
11396:
11394:
11392:
11387:. March 31, 2011
11381:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11361:. Archived from
11347:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11324:
11318:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11301:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11290:
11279:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11268:
11257:
11251:
11250:
11248:
11246:
11235:
11229:
11228:
11226:
11224:
11218:
11212:. Archived from
11207:
11195:
11189:
11188:
11182:
11177:
11175:
11167:
11149:
11143:
11142:
11136:
11128:
11126:
11124:
11118:
11112:. Archived from
11111:
11101:
11095:
11094:
11092:
11090:
11084:
11078:. Archived from
11077:
11068:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11057:
11052:on April 2, 2015
11042:
11036:
11035:
11015:
11009:
11008:
11006:
11004:
10993:
10987:
10986:
10984:
10982:
10965:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10954:
10943:
10934:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10923:
10918:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10899:
10883:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10872:
10851:
10845:
10844:
10838:
10830:
10828:
10826:
10809:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10783:
10777:
10776:
10754:
10748:
10747:
10745:
10743:
10738:on June 10, 2015
10737:
10730:
10722:
10716:
10715:
10713:
10711:
10697:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10686:
10680:
10673:
10665:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10649:
10640:
10634:
10633:
10622:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10600:
10594:
10593:
10575:
10553:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10542:
10525:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10514:
10500:
10494:
10493:
10491:
10489:
10484:on July 28, 2013
10474:
10468:
10467:
10465:
10450:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10430:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10395:. Archived from
10385:
10379:
10378:
10377:on May 29, 2011.
10373:. Archived from
10363:
10357:
10356:
10354:
10352:
10337:
10331:
10330:
10328:
10326:
10310:
10302:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10291:
10282:
10273:
10267:
10266:
10252:
10246:
10243:
10237:
10231:
10225:
10218:
10212:
10206:
10200:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10164:
10137:
10131:
10130:
10118:
10112:
10111:
10089:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10078:
10055:
10049:
10048:
10032:
10026:
10025:
10023:
10021:
10005:Cengage Learning
9994:
9988:
9987:
9965:
9959:
9958:
9937:
9931:
9930:
9910:
9900:
9894:
9893:
9881:
9871:
9865:
9859:
9853:
9852:
9840:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9797:
9791:
9790:
9778:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9735:
9724:
9723:
9697:
9691:
9690:
9682:
9676:
9675:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9612:
9606:
9601:
9595:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9559:
9548:
9547:
9525:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9511:
9496:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9477:
9461:
9453:
9444:
9443:
9413:
9407:
9406:
9388:
9382:
9379:
9364:
9346:
9317:
9313:
9309:
9284:
9282:
9278:
9256:
9230:
9227:
9196:
9184:
9172:
9149:
9147:
9145:
9129:
9126:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9067:
9046:
9018:
8933:Men and feminism
8868:Gender apartheid
8673:
8628:
8559:religious police
8510:one child policy
8358:religious police
8325:anorexia nervosa
7968:social isolation
7735:Media portrayals
7693:sexual relations
7561:eating disorders
7218:Linda C. Babcock
7194:EU member states
7122:
7090:
7022:die Studierenden
7018:die Studentinnen
6956:radical feminism
6952:liberal feminism
6904:
6897:
6890:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6815:Feminist parties
6810:Muslim feminists
6805:Jewish feminists
6716:
6715:
6697:History of women
6320:Political theory
6088:
6087:
6018:
6017:
5991:
5984:Women-only space
5869:Likeability trap
5757:Female education
5571:Anti-pornography
5426:
5425:
5421:
5137:Lesbian of color
5120:
5119:
4997:Women's suffrage
4973:Muslim countries
4968:Women's suffrage
4885:Feminist history
4878:
4877:
4867:
4844:
4843:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4757:Social privilege
4742:Social exclusion
4670:Police brutality
4591:Multiculturalism
4561:Amatonormativity
4376:Social exclusion
4212:Age of candidacy
4006:Homeless dumping
3912:Ethnic cleansing
2861:
2838:
2837:
2785:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2729:Trends over time
2674:became the last
2663:Women's suffrage
2637:
2550:coercive control
2494:, existed under
2470:Bangalore, India
2328:were taught the
2322:political office
2256:, and misogyny.
2240:Feminist author
2231:coined the term
2161:Episcopal Church
2049:
2042:
2035:
1972:Social privilege
1957:Social exclusion
1885:Police brutality
1806:Multiculturalism
1776:Amatonormativity
1591:Social exclusion
1427:Age of candidacy
1221:Homeless dumping
1127:Ethnic cleansing
76:
53:
52:
23993:
23992:
23988:
23987:
23986:
23984:
23983:
23982:
23968:Gender equality
23938:
23937:
23936:
23926:
23924:
23912:
23904:
23902:
23897:
23888:
23866:
23864:
23851:
23795:
23727:
23726:
23725:
23634:Northern Cyprus
23406:
23398:Science fiction
23191:Oedipus complex
23151:Women's studies
23113:
23112:
23111:
23095:
23005:Oedipus complex
22995:Men in feminism
22960:Language reform
22940:Ideal womanhood
22920:Gender equality
22915:Formal equality
22878:Feminationalism
22803:
22771:Native American
22740:
22739:
22738:
22637:
22547:Post-structural
22352:
22342:
22238:
22231:
22227:Women's history
22205:
22153:
22148:
22118:
22113:
22043:
21994:Analloeroticism
21977:
21973:Heterosociality
21941:
21838:
21801:
21799:
21788:
21603:
21595:
21537:Gender variance
21527:Gender fluidity
21459:
21452:
21442:
21412:
21407:
21379:
21254:Polyculturalism
21150:Civil liberties
21118:
21099:Reappropriation
21000:Countermeasures
20995:
20924:Racial steering
20890:Numerus clausus
20794:
20788:
20513:Ethnic conflict
20448:Corrective rape
20399:
20046:
19893:
19785:HIV/AIDS stigma
19643:
19592:Mental disorder
19530:
19499:
19494:
19461:Sexist Language
19456:Wayback Machine
19416:
19307:
19270:
19188:
19183:
19182:
19172:
19170:
19169:on May 18, 2019
19155:
19154:
19150:
19140:
19138:
19126:
19122:
19112:
19110:
19104:
19100:
19087:
19086:
19082:
19070:
19069:
19060:
19059:
19052:
19050:
19048:
19029:
19025:
19015:
19013:
19012:. June 14, 2011
19004:
19003:
18999:
18992:
18974:
18970:
18963:
18942:
18938:
18931:
18911:
18900:
18875:
18871:
18835:
18831:
18823:
18819:
18818:
18814:
18804:
18802:
18794:
18793:
18789:
18779:
18777:
18773:
18772:
18768:
18759:
18758:
18754:
18744:
18742:
18736:
18732:
18724:
18718:
18714:
18704:
18702:
18698:
18697:
18690:
18659:
18655:
18621:
18615:
18611:
18594:
18593:
18589:
18579:
18577:
18576:. July 25, 2013
18572:
18570:
18566:
18537:
18533:
18523:
18521:
18517:
18510:
18506:
18504:
18500:
18493:
18473:
18469:
18459:
18457:
18448:
18447:
18443:
18426:
18419:
18406:
18405:
18392:
18382:
18380:
18378:Huffington Post
18370:
18363:
18351:
18347:
18346:
18342:
18323:
18316:
18285:
18281:
18276:Wayback Machine
18268:
18264:
18254:
18252:
18239:
18238:
18234:
18224:
18222:
18209:
18208:
18204:
18194:
18192:
18183:
18182:
18178:
18168:
18166:
18153:
18152:
18148:
18140:
18133:
18127:
18123:
18108:
18104:
18091:
18090:
18086:
18076:
18074:
18073:on May 29, 2013
18061:
18060:
18056:
18041:
18040:
18036:
18026:
18024:
18016:
18015:
18011:
18001:
17999:
17990:
17989:
17985:
17975:
17973:
17965:
17964:
17960:
17953:
17945:. p. 200.
17935:
17931:
17900:
17893:
17883:
17881:
17872:
17871:
17867:
17858:
17854:
17844:
17842:
17838:
17837:
17833:
17823:
17821:
17806:
17802:
17792:
17790:
17781:
17780:
17776:
17759:
17758:
17751:
17741:
17739:
17726:
17725:
17718:
17708:
17706:
17701:
17700:
17696:
17686:
17684:
17675:
17674:
17667:
17657:
17655:
17646:
17645:
17641:
17631:
17629:
17619:
17615:
17605:
17603:
17594:
17593:
17589:
17576:
17575:
17571:
17563:
17556:
17552:
17551:
17544:
17535:
17531:
17520:
17518:
17514:
17504:
17502:
17493:
17492:
17488:
17478:
17476:
17464:
17460:
17452:The Independent
17443:
17439:
17426:
17424:
17422:
17396:
17392:
17382:
17380:
17376:
17370:
17359:
17351:
17347:
17340:
17326:UNESCO (2019).
17324:
17320:
17291:
17287:
17277:
17275:
17269:
17265:
17255:
17253:
17252:on May 13, 2013
17236:
17232:
17209:
17205:
17198:
17170:
17166:
17159:
17131:
17127:
17110:
17106:
17096:
17094:
17093:on May 27, 2013
17085:
17084:
17080:
17070:
17068:
17061:
17057:
17056:
17052:
17018:
17008:
17004:
16995:
16994:
16990:
16980:
16978:
16968:
16964:
16951:
16950:
16946:
16937:
16936:
16932:
16922:
16920:
16910:
16903:
16882:(5): 589â615 .
16872:
16868:
16836:
16830:
16826:
16819:
16807:. Minneapolis:
16803:Literary Theory
16797:
16793:
16786:
16766:
16762:
16749:
16748:
16744:
16734:
16732:
16727:
16726:
16722:
16712:
16710:
16695:
16694:
16690:
16684:
16677:
16675:
16662:
16658:
16650:
16646:
16636:
16634:
16626:
16622:
16621:
16617:
16600:
16599:
16595:
16576:
16572:
16555:
16554:
16550:
16535:
16531:
16521:
16519:
16510:
16509:
16505:
16495:
16493:
16480:
16479:
16475:
16465:
16463:
16454:
16453:
16449:
16440:
16435:
16417:
16410:
16401:
16396:
16388:. p. 245.
16378:
16371:
16351:Social Problems
16346:
16342:
16327:
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16312:
16310:
16292:
16288:
16277:
16273:
16262:
16258:
16243:
16239:
16229:
16227:
16218:
16217:
16213:
16203:
16201:
16193:Elsesser, Kim.
16191:
16187:
16177:
16175:
16165:
16161:
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16149:
16145:
16128:
16122:
16118:
16109:
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16013:
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16008:
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15981:
15977:
15967:
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15963:
15943:
15939:
15923:
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15915:
15913:
15911:
15903:. p. 149.
15891:
15887:
15859:
15855:
15830:
15826:
15819:
15805:
15801:
15794:
15779:
15775:
15765:
15763:
15746:
15742:
15732:
15730:
15728:
15710:(May 7, 2012).
15705:
15696:
15680:
15679:
15672:
15670:
15666:
15659:
15657:"Archived copy"
15655:
15653:
15649:
15636:
15635:
15631:
15621:
15619:
15618:. June 18, 1999
15610:
15609:
15605:
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15588:
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15571:
15564:
15560:
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15507:
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15499:
15489:
15487:
15478:
15477:
15473:
15463:
15461:
15460:. June 14, 2013
15452:
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15218:
15211:
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15186:
15179:
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15149:
15142:
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15120:
15110:
15108:
15107:on May 20, 2014
15095:
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14676:
14674:
14672:
14656:Pateman, Carole
14653:
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14437:
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14433:Merriam-Webster
14427:
14426:
14422:
14417:Wayback Machine
14409:
14405:
14378:10.2307/1073402
14358:
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14275:
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14227:
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14183:
14169:(August 1988).
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13779:
13764:
13763:
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13749:
13747:
13746:. June 15, 2020
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13238:
13234:
13224:Young, Lauren.
13223:
13219:
13215:, May 30, 2010.
13204:
13200:
13190:
13188:
13187:on July 5, 2013
13179:
13178:
13174:
13163:
13159:
13149:
13147:
13146:on June 3, 2013
13143:
13136:
13130:
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13120:Wayback Machine
13107:
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13088:
13073:
13069:
13059:Carman, Diane.
13058:
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13035:
13031:
13025:Wayback Machine
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12880:
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12858:10.2307/4135276
12840:
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12799:
12794:. October 2020.
12790:
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12641:1854/LU-5960457
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12494:
12487:
12463:10.1.1.709.8363
12444:
12437:
12433:, May 11, 2007.
12419:
12412:
12402:Folbre, Nancy.
12401:
12394:
12380:
12376:
12340:Social Problems
12335:
12331:
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12291:
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12208:
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12194:Wayback Machine
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12171:Wayback Machine
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12072:Sueddeutsche.de
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11873:"Archived copy"
11871:
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11783:"Archived copy"
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11610:10.2307/1389491
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11522:
11520:
11506:
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11490:
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11468:
11427:
11418:
11413:. July 2, 1984.
11405:
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11383:
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11378:
11368:
11366:
11350:Kerstin Teske:
11348:
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11107:"Archived copy"
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10601:
10597:
10573:10.1.1.621.3965
10554:
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10497:
10487:
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10438:
10428:
10426:
10425:on July 2, 2010
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10197:Wayback Machine
10186:Wayback Machine
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9769:
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9698:
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9684:
9683:
9679:
9644:American Speech
9636:
9632:
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9613:
9609:
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9389:
9385:
9373:
9336:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9249:
9235:Sears, James T.
9225:
9220:
9193:
9169:
9150:
9143:
9141:
9124:
9116:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9064:
9047:
9040:
9035:
9012:
9007:
9003:Sex segregation
8993:Sexism in India
8883:Gendered racism
8818:
8798:
8792:
8734:
8726:Main articles:
8724:
8691:
8685:
8671:
8626:
8551:
8498:forced abortion
8488:Western Balkans
8418:
8386:
8380:
8370:low wages, and
8293:
8287:
8277:
8208:
8200:Main articles:
8198:
8078:
8064:
7998:
7988:
7928:
7918:
7916:Forced marriage
7910:Main articles:
7908:
7903:
7875:
7865:
7843:gender theorist
7808:
7780:gender identity
7776:
7764:
7747:
7737:
7686:
7618:
7612:
7569:
7452:Instrumentality
7445:Martha Nussbaum
7437:objectification
7417:
7415:Objectification
7373:
7367:
7349:
7340:
7317:
7311:
7270:
7222:Women Don't Ask
7171:
7165:
7149:
7120:
7106:. In 2008, the
7092:
7085:
7073:
7069:
7061:Main articles:
7059:
7043:
7037:
7003:François Fillon
6980:
6948:
6942:
6908:
6872:
6870:
6865:
6864:
6766:
6713:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6612:Northern Cyprus
6392:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6200:Science fiction
6151:
6130:Women's studies
6095:Feminist method
6085:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6015:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5989:
5899:Oedipus complex
5889:Men in feminism
5854:Language reform
5834:Ideal womanhood
5814:Gender equality
5809:Formal equality
5772:Feminationalism
5709:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5656:Post-structural
5555:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5452:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5423:
5420:Gender-critical
5419:
5418:
5369:Femonationalism
5353:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5318:Native American
5258:
5213:Critical theory
5175:
5117:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5056:Second Republic
4984:
4954:
4921:
4895:Women's history
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4809:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4680:Polyculturalism
4576:Civil liberties
4548:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4517:Reappropriation
4417:
4416:Countermeasures
4409:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4334:Racial steering
4300:Numerus clausus
4204:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
3917:Ethnic conflict
3852:Corrective rape
3807:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3449:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3165:HIV/AIDS stigma
3027:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2966:Mental disorder
2908:
2900:
2899:
2898:
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2808:
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2775:
2769:
2766:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2714:
2699:United Nations'
2645:
2635:
2629:, stated that:
2611:sexual violence
2516:permiso marital
2512:permiso marital
2496:Roman Dutch law
2458:
2438:Main articles:
2436:
2399:Heinrich Kramer
2362:edition of the
2352:
2346:
2291:
2282:
2277:
2254:male chauvinism
2218:Talcott Parsons
2136:Fred R. Shapiro
2132:
2116:formal equality
2108:gender identity
2104:sexual violence
2070:based on one's
2053:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:
1895:Polyculturalism
1791:Civil liberties
1763:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1732:Reappropriation
1632:
1631:Countermeasures
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1549:Racial steering
1515:Numerus clausus
1419:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1132:Ethnic conflict
1067:Corrective rape
1022:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
664:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
502:
492:
491:
490:
489:
488:
380:HIV/AIDS stigma
242:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
181:Mental disorder
123:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
84:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
23991:
23981:
23980:
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23885:
23875:
23860:
23857:
23856:
23853:
23852:
23850:
23849:
23844:
23840:SCUM Manifesto
23836:
23831:
23826:
23825:
23824:
23819:
23809:
23803:
23801:
23797:
23796:
23794:
23789:
23784:
23779:
23774:
23769:
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23759:
23754:
23749:
23744:
23742:
23733:
23729:
23728:
23724:
23723:
23722:
23721:
23711:
23709:United Kingdom
23706:
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23631:
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23559:
23554:
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23416:
23415:
23414:
23412:
23408:
23407:
23405:
23400:
23395:
23390:
23385:
23383:Existentialism
23380:
23375:
23370:
23369:
23368:
23358:
23353:
23352:
23351:
23346:
23341:
23339:Existentialism
23336:
23335:
23334:
23332:Justice ethics
23324:
23319:
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23304:
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23138:
23133:
23131:Gender studies
23128:
23123:
23121:
23115:
23114:
23110:
23109:
23104:
23102:Women's rights
23099:
23096:Women's health
23092:
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23077:
23072:
23067:
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23057:
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23032:
23027:
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23017:
23012:
23007:
23002:
22997:
22992:
22987:
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22980:Male privilege
22977:
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22962:
22957:
22949:International
22947:
22942:
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22655:
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22406:
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22365:
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22340:
22339:
22338:
22337:
22336:
22331:
22326:
22316:
22311:
22301:
22300:
22299:
22292:United Kingdom
22289:
22284:
22279:
22274:
22269:
22264:
22259:
22254:
22248:
22246:
22240:
22239:
22237:
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22213:
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22176:
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22155:
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22147:
22146:
22139:
22132:
22124:
22115:
22114:
22112:
22111:
22106:
22101:
22096:
22091:
22086:
22081:
22076:
22071:
22066:
22061:
22055:
22053:
22049:
22048:
22045:
22044:
22042:
22041:
22036:
22031:
22026:
22024:Plurisexuality
22021:
22016:
22011:
22006:
22001:
21996:
21991:
21985:
21983:
21979:
21978:
21976:
21975:
21970:
21965:
21960:
21955:
21953:Sociosexuality
21949:
21947:
21946:Social aspects
21943:
21942:
21940:
21939:
21934:
21929:
21924:
21919:
21914:
21909:
21904:
21899:
21894:
21892:Heteroflexible
21889:
21888:
21887:
21877:
21872:
21867:
21862:
21857:
21852:
21846:
21844:
21840:
21839:
21837:
21836:
21831:
21826:
21821:
21815:
21813:
21804:
21794:
21793:
21790:
21789:
21787:
21786:
21781:
21776:
21774:Vakasalewalewa
21771:
21766:
21761:
21756:
21751:
21746:
21741:
21736:
21731:
21726:
21721:
21716:
21711:
21706:
21701:
21696:
21691:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21671:
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21665:
21664:
21654:
21649:
21644:
21643:
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21639:
21636:
21628:
21623:
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21613:
21607:
21605:
21597:
21596:
21594:
21593:
21588:
21587:
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21581:
21576:
21566:
21561:
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21559:
21549:
21544:
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21534:
21529:
21524:
21519:
21514:
21509:
21504:
21499:
21494:
21489:
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21479:
21473:
21471:
21462:
21454:
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21441:
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21433:
21426:
21418:
21409:
21408:
21406:
21405:
21395:
21384:
21381:
21380:
21378:
21377:
21372:
21371:
21370:
21360:
21355:
21350:
21349:
21348:
21343:
21338:
21328:
21323:
21318:
21313:
21308:
21303:
21302:
21301:
21299:Reverse racism
21291:
21286:
21281:
21276:
21271:
21269:Prisoner abuse
21266:
21261:
21259:Power distance
21256:
21251:
21246:
21241:
21236:
21231:
21226:
21225:
21224:
21214:
21209:
21204:
21199:
21194:
21189:
21184:
21179:
21177:Ethnic penalty
21174:
21173:
21172:
21170:Neurodiversity
21167:
21157:
21155:Dehumanization
21152:
21147:
21145:Cisnormativity
21142:
21137:
21132:
21126:
21124:
21123:Related topics
21120:
21119:
21117:
21116:
21111:
21106:
21101:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21081:
21076:
21071:
21066:
21061:
21056:
21051:
21046:
21045:
21044:
21034:
21029:
21024:
21019:
21014:
21009:
21003:
21001:
20997:
20996:
20994:
20993:
20988:
20983:
20981:State religion
20978:
20973:
20968:
20963:
20962:
20961:
20956:
20951:
20946:
20936:
20931:
20926:
20921:
20920:
20919:
20917:Nuremberg Laws
20914:
20904:
20899:
20894:
20886:
20881:
20876:
20871:
20866:
20861:
20859:Ghetto benches
20856:
20854:Gerrymandering
20851:
20846:
20841:
20839:Gender pay gap
20836:
20835:
20834:
20829:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20798:
20796:
20793:Discriminatory
20790:
20789:
20787:
20786:
20781:
20776:
20771:
20766:
20761:
20756:
20751:
20746:
20741:
20736:
20731:
20726:
20721:
20716:
20711:
20706:
20701:
20696:
20691:
20686:
20681:
20676:
20671:
20670:
20669:
20664:
20659:
20649:
20644:
20639:
20634:
20629:
20624:
20622:Lavender scare
20619:
20617:Kill Haole Day
20614:
20612:Indian rolling
20609:
20604:
20599:
20594:
20589:
20588:
20587:
20577:
20572:
20571:
20570:
20560:
20555:
20550:
20545:
20540:
20535:
20530:
20525:
20520:
20515:
20510:
20505:
20500:
20498:Eliminationism
20495:
20490:
20485:
20480:
20475:
20470:
20465:
20460:
20455:
20450:
20445:
20440:
20435:
20433:Cancel culture
20430:
20425:
20420:
20419:
20418:
20407:
20405:
20404:Manifestations
20401:
20400:
20398:
20397:
20392:
20387:
20382:
20377:
20372:
20367:
20362:
20357:
20352:
20347:
20342:
20337:
20332:
20327:
20322:
20317:
20312:
20307:
20302:
20300:Middle Eastern
20297:
20292:
20287:
20282:
20277:
20272:
20267:
20262:
20257:
20252:
20247:
20246:
20245:
20240:
20235:
20227:
20222:
20217:
20212:
20207:
20202:
20197:
20192:
20187:
20182:
20177:
20172:
20167:
20162:
20157:
20152:
20147:
20142:
20141:
20140:
20135:
20130:
20120:
20115:
20110:
20109:
20108:
20103:
20098:
20088:
20083:
20078:
20073:
20068:
20063:
20057:
20055:
20048:
20047:
20045:
20044:
20042:Zoroastrianism
20039:
20034:
20029:
20024:
20019:
20018:
20017:
20007:
20006:
20005:
20004:
20003:
19998:
19993:
19988:
19973:
19972:
19971:
19969:Untouchability
19966:
19956:
19951:
19950:
19949:
19944:
19939:
19934:
19929:
19919:
19914:
19909:
19903:
19901:
19895:
19894:
19892:
19891:
19886:
19881:
19880:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19859:
19858:
19857:
19852:
19842:
19837:
19832:
19827:
19822:
19817:
19812:
19807:
19802:
19797:
19795:Leprosy stigma
19792:
19787:
19782:
19777:
19772:
19767:
19762:
19757:
19752:
19747:
19742:
19737:
19732:
19727:
19722:
19717:
19712:
19707:
19702:
19697:
19692:
19687:
19682:
19677:
19672:
19667:
19662:
19657:
19651:
19649:
19645:
19644:
19642:
19641:
19636:
19631:
19626:
19621:
19616:
19611:
19610:
19609:
19604:
19594:
19589:
19584:
19579:
19574:
19569:
19564:
19559:
19554:
19549:
19544:
19538:
19536:
19532:
19531:
19529:
19528:
19523:
19518:
19513:
19507:
19505:
19501:
19500:
19497:Discrimination
19493:
19492:
19485:
19478:
19470:
19464:
19463:
19458:
19446:
19441:
19436:
19431:
19415:
19414:External links
19412:
19411:
19410:
19400:
19394:
19384:
19363:Coralie Colmez
19356:
19353:
19346:
19339:
19333:
19327:
19321:
19311:
19305:
19275:
19268:
19248:
19217:
19199:
19187:
19184:
19181:
19180:
19162:In These Times
19148:
19120:
19098:
19080:
19071:|website=
19046:
19023:
18997:
18990:
18968:
18961:
18936:
18929:
18898:
18869:
18850:(5): 795â802.
18829:
18812:
18787:
18766:
18752:
18730:
18712:
18688:
18675:10.1086/696150
18669:(3): 623â664.
18653:
18640:10.1086/691276
18609:
18587:
18564:
18531:
18498:
18491:
18467:
18441:
18417:
18390:
18361:
18358:. August 2013.
18340:
18314:
18295:(2): 194â213.
18279:
18262:
18232:
18202:
18176:
18146:
18121:
18102:
18084:
18054:
18034:
18009:
17983:
17958:
17951:
17929:
17891:
17865:
17852:
17831:
17800:
17774:
17749:
17738:on May 9, 2015
17716:
17694:
17665:
17639:
17613:
17587:
17569:
17542:
17529:
17512:
17486:
17458:
17437:
17420:
17390:
17368:
17345:
17338:
17318:
17285:
17263:
17230:
17219:(3): 325â341.
17203:
17196:
17164:
17157:
17125:
17104:
17078:
17050:
17031:(1): 349â397.
17002:
16988:
16962:
16944:
16930:
16901:
16866:
16847:(5): 693â717.
16824:
16817:
16791:
16784:
16760:
16742:
16720:
16688:
16656:
16644:
16615:
16593:
16570:
16548:
16529:
16503:
16473:
16447:
16433:
16427:. p. 13.
16408:
16394:
16369:
16340:
16320:
16286:
16271:
16256:
16237:
16211:
16185:
16159:
16116:
16102:
16091:on May 2, 2015
16072:
16036:
16006:
15999:
15975:
15961:
15937:
15909:
15885:
15853:
15824:
15817:
15799:
15792:
15773:
15740:
15726:
15708:Benatar, David
15694:
15647:
15629:
15603:
15581:
15546:
15526:
15497:
15471:
15442:
15409:
15381:
15359:
15330:(3): 809â831.
15308:
15270:
15241:
15216:
15209:
15184:
15177:
15147:
15140:
15118:
15088:
15081:
15061:
15027:
15000:(2): 159â170.
14977:
14958:(2): 137â154.
14937:
14926:(4): 269â279.
14908:
14871:
14852:(2): 227â239.
14836:
14817:(4): 227â239.
14801:
14794:
14776:
14769:
14749:
14712:
14688:
14670:
14647:
14642:womenslobby.eu
14629:
14611:
14591:
14572:
14553:
14529:
14511:
14488:(2): 127â142.
14467:
14445:
14420:
14403:
14352:
14333:
14304:
14269:
14250:
14221:
14188:
14181:
14163:Andrea Dworkin
14154:
14125:
14108:
14080:
14051:
14006:
13965:
13938:(2): 173â206.
13920:
13913:
13892:
13881:(4): 249â291.
13860:
13837:
13805:
13777:
13757:
13731:
13702:
13670:
13658:Moult, Julie.
13651:
13639:(2): 179â196.
13621:
13593:
13574:(2): 207â235.
13556:
13537:(2): 392â396.
13521:
13502:(3): 635â639.
13470:
13451:(2): 655â681.
13433:
13403:
13362:
13347:
13339:10.2785/796328
13313:
13266:
13247:
13232:
13217:
13198:
13172:
13157:
13124:
13101:
13086:
13074:Arnst, Cathy.
13067:
13052:
13029:
13006:
12988:
12966:
12931:
12918:
12899:(2): 267â288.
12871:
12852:(4): 850â875.
12834:
12797:
12783:
12769:
12753:
12735:
12713:
12702:(2): 159â186.
12684:
12673:(3): 371â391.
12655:
12604:
12576:
12515:
12485:
12472:10.1086/511799
12435:
12421:Goodman, Ellen
12410:
12392:
12382:Fortin, Nicole
12374:
12353:10.2307/800667
12329:
12310:(2): 178â192.
12289:
12267:
12245:
12217:
12202:
12175:
12149:
12115:
12104:(4): 635â639.
12086:
12077:
12058:
12031:
12004:
11975:
11938:
11926:catdir.loc.gov
11910:
11863:
11836:(3): 355â378.
11820:
11773:
11766:
11744:
11718:
11689:
11652:
11631:
11586:
11565:
11546:(4): 813â837.
11530:
11495:
11488:
11478:. Ottawa: The
11466:
11439:(3): 371â392.
11416:
11398:
11376:
11359:db-decision.de
11342:
11319:
11296:
11274:
11252:
11230:
11190:
11162:
11144:
11096:
11063:
11037:
11030:
11010:
10988:
10960:
10929:
10905:
10878:
10867:on May 5, 2019
10846:
10804:
10778:
10767:(3): 309â318.
10749:
10717:
10692:
10660:
10635:
10617:
10595:
10566:(3): 449â463.
10548:
10520:
10495:
10469:
10436:
10410:
10380:
10358:
10332:
10297:
10268:
10247:
10238:
10226:
10213:
10201:
10170:
10156:
10150:. p. 35.
10132:
10125:(in Chinese).
10113:
10106:
10084:
10070:
10050:
10027:
10013:
9989:
9982:
9960:
9953:
9932:
9917:
9895:
9888:
9866:
9854:
9847:
9825:
9810:
9792:
9785:
9763:
9748:
9725:
9710:
9692:
9677:
9656:10.2307/454643
9630:
9607:
9596:
9578:
9549:
9542:
9517:
9491:
9479:
9472:
9445:
9426:(4): 499â503.
9408:
9401:
9383:
9381:
9380:
9371:
9347:
9343:
9334:
9322:Lorber, Judith
9318:
9301:
9285:
9270:
9257:
9247:
9231:
9218:
9206:Scruton, Roger
9202:
9191:
9174:
9167:
9151:
9131:
9114:
9101:
9085:
9069:
9062:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8973:Reverse sexism
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8938:Men's movement
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8918:Male privilege
8915:
8910:
8908:Hipster sexism
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8794:Main article:
8791:
8788:
8728:Sexual assault
8723:
8720:
8716:women's health
8687:Main article:
8684:
8681:
8650:Phillip Barron
8567:State violence
8550:
8547:
8508:In China, the
8417:
8414:
8382:Main article:
8379:
8376:
8276:
8273:
8241:Lleras-Muney's
8197:
8194:
8124:Honor killings
8063:
8060:
7987:
7984:
7912:Child marriage
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7864:
7861:
7824:cisnormativity
7807:
7804:
7775:
7772:
7763:
7760:
7736:
7733:
7723:Carole Pateman
7709:sexual slavery
7685:
7682:
7630:Andrea Dworkin
7611:
7608:
7568:
7567:In advertising
7565:
7548:
7547:
7541:
7535:
7518:
7517:
7508:
7500:
7494:
7486:
7472:
7459:
7416:
7413:
7366:
7363:
7348:
7345:
7339:
7336:
7313:Main article:
7310:
7307:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7269:
7266:
7169:Gender pay gap
7167:Main article:
7164:
7161:
7148:
7145:
7096:discriminatory
7079:Suzanne Gordon
7071:
7070:
7058:
7055:
7036:
7033:
6979:
6976:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6867:
6866:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6845:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6795:Feminist poets
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6765:
6764:
6762:Feminist songs
6759:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6738:by nationality
6730:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6689:
6687:United Kingdom
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6298:Existentialism
6295:
6294:
6293:
6291:Justice ethics
6283:
6278:
6273:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6249:Constructivism
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6156:Areas of study
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6100:Gender studies
6097:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6065:SCUM Manifesto
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5996:Women's rights
5993:
5990:Women's health
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5874:Male privilege
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5843:International
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5690:Technofeminism
5687:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:Other variants
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5129:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5078:Cayman Islands
5073:United Kingdom
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4725:Reverse racism
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4695:Prisoner abuse
4692:
4687:
4685:Power distance
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Ethnic penalty
4600:
4599:
4598:
4596:Neurodiversity
4593:
4583:
4581:Dehumanization
4578:
4573:
4571:Cisnormativity
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4547:Related topics
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4391:State religion
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4327:Nuremberg Laws
4324:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Ghetto benches
4266:
4264:Gerrymandering
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:Gender pay gap
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Lavender scare
4023:
4021:Kill Haole Day
4018:
4016:Indian rolling
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:Eliminationism
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Cancel culture
3834:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:Manifestations
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Middle Eastern
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:Zoroastrianism
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3357:Untouchability
3354:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Leprosy stigma
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2853:
2851:Discrimination
2847:
2846:
2835:
2832:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2752:of the subject
2750:worldwide view
2745:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2713:
2710:
2644:
2641:
2619:women's rights
2435:
2432:
2414:, where it is
2408:
2407:
2348:Main article:
2345:
2342:
2311:The status of
2290:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2250:male supremacy
2131:
2128:
2068:discrimination
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:Reverse racism
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Prisoner abuse
1907:
1902:
1900:Power distance
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Ethnic penalty
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:Neurodiversity
1808:
1798:
1796:Dehumanization
1793:
1788:
1786:Cisnormativity
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1762:Related topics
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:State religion
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1542:Nuremberg Laws
1539:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Ghetto benches
1481:
1479:Gerrymandering
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Gender pay gap
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Lavender scare
1238:
1236:Kill Haole Day
1233:
1231:Indian rolling
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Eliminationism
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Cancel culture
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:Manifestations
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
911:Middle Eastern
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
857:
856:
851:
846:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
752:
751:
746:
741:
731:
726:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
667:
666:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
648:
647:
645:Zoroastrianism
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
621:
620:
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
576:
575:
574:
572:Untouchability
569:
559:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
522:
517:
512:
506:
505:
504:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
487:
486:
481:
476:
475:
474:
469:
464:
454:
453:
452:
447:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
390:Leprosy stigma
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
205:
200:
199:
198:
193:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
127:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
69:
68:
66:Discrimination
62:
61:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
23990:
23979:
23976:
23974:
23971:
23969:
23966:
23964:
23961:
23959:
23956:
23954:
23951:
23949:
23946:
23945:
23943:
23933:
23923:
23921:
23916:
23911:
23910:
23907:
23894:
23886:
23884:
23876:
23874:
23873:
23862:
23861:
23858:
23848:
23845:
23842:
23841:
23837:
23835:
23832:
23830:
23827:
23823:
23820:
23818:
23815:
23814:
23813:
23810:
23808:
23805:
23804:
23802:
23798:
23793:
23790:
23788:
23785:
23783:
23780:
23778:
23775:
23773:
23770:
23768:
23765:
23763:
23760:
23758:
23755:
23753:
23750:
23748:
23745:
23743:
23741:
23737:
23734:
23730:
23720:
23717:
23716:
23715:
23714:United States
23712:
23710:
23707:
23705:
23702:
23700:
23697:
23695:
23692:
23690:
23687:
23685:
23682:
23680:
23677:
23675:
23672:
23670:
23667:
23665:
23662:
23660:
23657:
23655:
23652:
23650:
23647:
23645:
23642:
23640:
23637:
23635:
23632:
23630:
23627:
23625:
23622:
23620:
23617:
23615:
23612:
23610:
23607:
23603:
23600:
23598:
23595:
23593:
23590:
23588:
23585:
23583:
23580:
23578:
23575:
23573:
23570:
23568:
23565:
23564:
23563:
23562:Latin America
23560:
23558:
23555:
23553:
23550:
23548:
23545:
23543:
23540:
23538:
23535:
23533:
23530:
23528:
23525:
23523:
23520:
23518:
23515:
23513:
23510:
23508:
23505:
23503:
23500:
23498:
23495:
23493:
23490:
23488:
23485:
23483:
23480:
23478:
23475:
23473:
23470:
23468:
23465:
23461:
23458:
23456:
23453:
23451:
23448:
23446:
23443:
23441:
23438:
23436:
23433:
23431:
23428:
23426:
23423:
23422:
23421:
23418:
23417:
23413:
23409:
23404:
23401:
23399:
23396:
23394:
23393:Technoscience
23391:
23389:
23386:
23384:
23381:
23379:
23376:
23374:
23371:
23367:
23364:
23363:
23362:
23359:
23357:
23354:
23350:
23347:
23345:
23342:
23340:
23337:
23333:
23330:
23329:
23328:
23325:
23323:
23320:
23318:
23315:
23313:
23310:
23309:
23308:
23305:
23303:
23300:
23298:
23295:
23291:
23288:
23287:
23286:
23283:
23281:
23278:
23276:
23273:
23271:
23268:
23266:
23263:
23261:
23258:
23254:
23251:
23249:
23246:
23244:
23243:Art criticism
23241:
23240:
23239:
23236:
23234:
23231:
23229:
23226:
23224:
23221:
23219:
23216:
23212:
23209:
23207:
23204:
23203:
23202:
23199:
23197:
23194:
23192:
23189:
23187:
23184:
23182:
23179:
23177:
23174:
23172:
23169:
23167:
23164:
23162:
23159:
23157:
23156:Men's studies
23154:
23152:
23149:
23147:
23144:
23142:
23139:
23137:
23134:
23132:
23129:
23127:
23124:
23122:
23120:
23116:
23108:
23105:
23103:
23100:
23098:
23093:
23091:
23088:
23086:
23083:
23081:
23078:
23076:
23073:
23071:
23068:
23066:
23065:Transmisogyny
23063:
23061:
23058:
23056:
23053:
23051:
23048:
23046:
23043:
23041:
23038:
23036:
23033:
23031:
23028:
23026:
23025:Purplewashing
23023:
23021:
23020:Protofeminism
23018:
23016:
23013:
23011:
23008:
23006:
23003:
23001:
22998:
22996:
22993:
22991:
22988:
22986:
22983:
22981:
22978:
22976:
22973:
22971:
22968:
22966:
22963:
22961:
22958:
22956:
22952:
22948:
22946:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22935:Honor killing
22933:
22931:
22928:
22926:
22923:
22921:
22918:
22916:
22913:
22911:
22908:
22904:
22901:
22899:
22896:
22894:
22891:
22890:
22889:
22886:
22884:
22881:
22879:
22876:
22874:
22871:
22869:
22866:
22864:
22861:
22859:
22856:
22854:
22851:
22849:
22846:
22844:
22841:
22839:
22836:
22832:
22829:
22828:
22827:
22824:
22822:
22819:
22818:
22814:
22810:
22801:
22798:
22796:
22793:
22789:
22786:
22785:
22784:
22781:
22777:
22774:
22772:
22769:
22767:
22764:
22763:
22762:
22759:
22757:
22754:
22752:
22749:
22747:
22743:
22735:
22732:
22728:
22725:
22724:
22723:
22720:
22718:
22715:
22713:
22710:
22706:
22703:
22701:
22698:
22696:
22693:
22692:
22691:
22688:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22665:
22664:
22661:
22659:
22656:
22654:
22651:
22650:
22646:
22644:
22640:
22634:
22631:
22627:
22624:
22623:
22622:
22619:
22617:
22614:
22612:
22611:Transnational
22609:
22607:
22604:
22602:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22590:
22587:
22586:
22585:
22582:
22580:
22577:
22575:
22572:
22570:
22567:
22565:
22562:
22560:
22557:
22553:
22550:
22549:
22548:
22545:
22543:
22540:
22538:
22535:
22533:
22530:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22518:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22508:
22505:
22501:
22498:
22497:
22496:
22493:
22491:
22488:
22486:
22483:
22481:
22480:Individualist
22478:
22474:
22471:
22470:
22469:
22466:
22464:
22461:
22459:
22456:
22454:
22451:
22449:
22446:
22444:
22441:
22437:
22434:
22433:
22432:
22429:
22427:
22424:
22420:
22417:
22416:
22415:
22412:
22410:
22407:
22405:
22402:
22400:
22397:
22395:
22392:
22390:
22387:
22385:
22382:
22380:
22379:Anti-abortion
22377:
22375:
22372:
22370:
22367:
22366:
22364:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22349:
22335:
22332:
22330:
22327:
22325:
22322:
22321:
22320:
22317:
22315:
22312:
22310:
22307:
22306:
22305:
22304:United States
22302:
22298:
22295:
22294:
22293:
22290:
22288:
22285:
22283:
22280:
22278:
22275:
22273:
22270:
22268:
22265:
22263:
22260:
22258:
22255:
22253:
22250:
22249:
22247:
22245:
22241:
22234:
22230:
22228:
22225:
22223:
22220:
22218:
22215:
22214:
22212:
22208:
22202:
22199:
22197:
22194:
22190:
22187:
22186:
22185:
22182:
22180:
22177:
22175:
22172:
22171:
22169:
22165:
22162:
22160:
22156:
22152:
22145:
22140:
22138:
22133:
22131:
22126:
22125:
22122:
22110:
22107:
22105:
22102:
22100:
22097:
22095:
22092:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22057:
22056:
22054:
22050:
22040:
22037:
22035:
22032:
22030:
22029:Postgenderism
22027:
22025:
22022:
22020:
22019:Monosexuality
22017:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22007:
22005:
22002:
22000:
21997:
21995:
21992:
21990:
21989:Allosexuality
21987:
21986:
21984:
21980:
21974:
21971:
21969:
21968:Homosociality
21966:
21964:
21961:
21959:
21958:Antisexuality
21956:
21954:
21951:
21950:
21948:
21944:
21938:
21935:
21933:
21930:
21928:
21925:
21923:
21920:
21918:
21915:
21913:
21910:
21908:
21905:
21903:
21900:
21898:
21895:
21893:
21890:
21886:
21883:
21882:
21881:
21878:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21866:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21856:
21853:
21851:
21848:
21847:
21845:
21841:
21835:
21832:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21820:
21817:
21816:
21814:
21812:
21808:
21805:
21803:
21795:
21785:
21782:
21780:
21777:
21775:
21772:
21770:
21767:
21765:
21762:
21760:
21757:
21755:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21720:
21717:
21715:
21712:
21710:
21707:
21705:
21702:
21700:
21697:
21695:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21672:
21670:
21667:
21663:
21660:
21659:
21658:
21655:
21653:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21640:
21637:
21634:
21633:
21632:
21631:Bugis genders
21629:
21627:
21624:
21622:
21619:
21617:
21614:
21612:
21609:
21608:
21606:
21602:
21601:Third genders
21598:
21592:
21589:
21585:
21582:
21580:
21577:
21575:
21572:
21571:
21570:
21567:
21565:
21562:
21558:
21555:
21554:
21553:
21550:
21548:
21545:
21543:
21540:
21538:
21535:
21533:
21530:
21528:
21525:
21523:
21522:Gender bender
21520:
21518:
21515:
21513:
21512:Cross-dresser
21510:
21508:
21505:
21503:
21500:
21498:
21495:
21493:
21490:
21488:
21485:
21483:
21480:
21478:
21475:
21474:
21472:
21470:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21455:
21450:
21446:
21439:
21434:
21432:
21427:
21425:
21420:
21419:
21416:
21404:
21396:
21394:
21386:
21385:
21382:
21376:
21373:
21369:
21366:
21365:
21364:
21361:
21359:
21356:
21354:
21353:Social stigma
21351:
21347:
21344:
21342:
21339:
21337:
21334:
21333:
21332:
21329:
21327:
21324:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21304:
21300:
21297:
21296:
21295:
21292:
21290:
21287:
21285:
21282:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21270:
21267:
21265:
21262:
21260:
21257:
21255:
21252:
21250:
21247:
21245:
21242:
21240:
21237:
21235:
21232:
21230:
21227:
21223:
21220:
21219:
21218:
21215:
21213:
21210:
21208:
21205:
21203:
21200:
21198:
21195:
21193:
21190:
21188:
21185:
21183:
21180:
21178:
21175:
21171:
21168:
21166:
21163:
21162:
21161:
21158:
21156:
21153:
21151:
21148:
21146:
21143:
21141:
21138:
21136:
21133:
21131:
21128:
21127:
21125:
21121:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21105:
21102:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21075:
21072:
21070:
21067:
21065:
21062:
21060:
21057:
21055:
21052:
21050:
21047:
21043:
21040:
21039:
21038:
21035:
21033:
21030:
21028:
21025:
21023:
21020:
21018:
21015:
21013:
21010:
21008:
21005:
21004:
21002:
20998:
20992:
20989:
20987:
20984:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20976:State atheism
20974:
20972:
20969:
20967:
20964:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20952:
20950:
20947:
20945:
20942:
20941:
20940:
20937:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20925:
20922:
20918:
20915:
20913:
20912:Jim Crow laws
20910:
20909:
20908:
20905:
20903:
20900:
20898:
20897:One-drop rule
20895:
20893:
20891:
20887:
20885:
20882:
20880:
20877:
20875:
20872:
20870:
20867:
20865:
20862:
20860:
20857:
20855:
20852:
20850:
20847:
20845:
20842:
20840:
20837:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20824:
20823:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20812:Blood quantum
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20799:
20797:
20791:
20785:
20782:
20780:
20777:
20775:
20772:
20770:
20767:
20765:
20762:
20760:
20759:Victimisation
20757:
20755:
20754:Trans bashing
20752:
20750:
20747:
20745:
20742:
20740:
20737:
20735:
20732:
20730:
20727:
20725:
20724:Religious war
20722:
20720:
20717:
20715:
20712:
20710:
20707:
20705:
20704:Racialization
20702:
20700:
20697:
20695:
20692:
20690:
20687:
20685:
20682:
20680:
20677:
20675:
20672:
20668:
20665:
20663:
20660:
20658:
20655:
20654:
20653:
20650:
20648:
20645:
20643:
20640:
20638:
20635:
20633:
20630:
20628:
20625:
20623:
20620:
20618:
20615:
20613:
20610:
20608:
20605:
20603:
20600:
20598:
20595:
20593:
20590:
20586:
20583:
20582:
20581:
20578:
20576:
20575:Glass ceiling
20573:
20569:
20566:
20565:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20534:
20531:
20529:
20526:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20518:Ethnic hatred
20516:
20514:
20511:
20509:
20506:
20504:
20501:
20499:
20496:
20494:
20491:
20489:
20486:
20484:
20481:
20479:
20476:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20464:
20461:
20459:
20456:
20454:
20453:Counter-jihad
20451:
20449:
20446:
20444:
20441:
20439:
20436:
20434:
20431:
20429:
20426:
20424:
20421:
20417:
20414:
20413:
20412:
20409:
20408:
20406:
20402:
20396:
20393:
20391:
20388:
20386:
20383:
20381:
20378:
20376:
20373:
20371:
20368:
20366:
20363:
20361:
20358:
20356:
20353:
20351:
20348:
20346:
20343:
20341:
20338:
20336:
20333:
20331:
20328:
20326:
20323:
20321:
20318:
20316:
20313:
20311:
20308:
20306:
20303:
20301:
20298:
20296:
20293:
20291:
20288:
20286:
20283:
20281:
20278:
20276:
20273:
20271:
20268:
20266:
20263:
20261:
20258:
20256:
20253:
20251:
20248:
20244:
20243:United States
20241:
20239:
20236:
20234:
20231:
20230:
20228:
20226:
20223:
20221:
20218:
20216:
20213:
20211:
20208:
20206:
20203:
20201:
20198:
20196:
20193:
20191:
20188:
20186:
20183:
20181:
20178:
20176:
20173:
20171:
20168:
20166:
20163:
20161:
20158:
20156:
20153:
20151:
20148:
20146:
20143:
20139:
20136:
20134:
20131:
20129:
20126:
20125:
20124:
20121:
20119:
20116:
20114:
20111:
20107:
20106:United States
20104:
20102:
20099:
20097:
20094:
20093:
20092:
20089:
20087:
20084:
20082:
20079:
20077:
20074:
20072:
20069:
20067:
20064:
20062:
20059:
20058:
20056:
20054:
20049:
20043:
20040:
20038:
20035:
20033:
20030:
20028:
20027:Protestantism
20025:
20023:
20020:
20016:
20013:
20012:
20011:
20008:
20002:
19999:
19997:
19994:
19992:
19989:
19987:
19984:
19983:
19982:
19979:
19978:
19977:
19974:
19970:
19967:
19965:
19962:
19961:
19960:
19957:
19955:
19952:
19948:
19945:
19943:
19942:LDS or Mormon
19940:
19938:
19935:
19933:
19930:
19928:
19925:
19924:
19923:
19920:
19918:
19915:
19913:
19910:
19908:
19905:
19904:
19902:
19900:
19896:
19890:
19887:
19885:
19882:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19872:Transmisogyny
19870:
19868:
19865:
19864:
19863:
19860:
19856:
19853:
19851:
19848:
19847:
19846:
19843:
19841:
19838:
19836:
19833:
19831:
19828:
19826:
19823:
19821:
19818:
19816:
19813:
19811:
19808:
19806:
19803:
19801:
19798:
19796:
19793:
19791:
19788:
19786:
19783:
19781:
19778:
19776:
19775:Gerontophobia
19773:
19771:
19768:
19766:
19763:
19761:
19758:
19756:
19753:
19751:
19748:
19746:
19743:
19741:
19738:
19736:
19733:
19731:
19728:
19726:
19723:
19721:
19718:
19716:
19713:
19711:
19708:
19706:
19703:
19701:
19698:
19696:
19695:Anti-intersex
19693:
19691:
19688:
19686:
19683:
19681:
19678:
19676:
19673:
19671:
19670:Anti-albinism
19668:
19666:
19663:
19661:
19658:
19656:
19653:
19652:
19650:
19646:
19640:
19637:
19635:
19632:
19630:
19627:
19625:
19622:
19620:
19617:
19615:
19612:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19599:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19588:
19585:
19583:
19580:
19578:
19575:
19573:
19570:
19568:
19565:
19563:
19560:
19558:
19555:
19553:
19550:
19548:
19545:
19543:
19540:
19539:
19537:
19533:
19527:
19524:
19522:
19519:
19517:
19514:
19512:
19511:Institutional
19509:
19508:
19506:
19502:
19498:
19491:
19486:
19484:
19479:
19477:
19472:
19471:
19468:
19462:
19459:
19457:
19453:
19450:
19447:
19445:
19442:
19440:
19437:
19435:
19432:
19430:at Wiktionary
19429:
19428:
19422:
19418:
19417:
19409:
19405:
19401:
19398:
19395:
19393:
19389:
19385:
19382:
19378:
19374:
19370:
19369:
19364:
19360:
19359:Leila Schneps
19357:
19354:
19351:
19347:
19344:
19340:
19338:
19334:
19332:
19328:
19326:
19322:
19320:
19316:
19312:
19308:
19302:
19298:
19294:
19290:
19286:
19285:
19280:
19276:
19271:
19265:
19261:
19257:
19253:
19249:
19245:
19241:
19237:
19233:
19229:
19225:
19224:
19218:
19216:
19212:
19208:
19204:
19200:
19198:
19194:
19190:
19189:
19168:
19164:
19163:
19158:
19152:
19137:
19136:
19131:
19124:
19109:
19102:
19094:
19090:
19084:
19076:
19064:
19049:
19043:
19040:. Routledge.
19039:
19038:
19033:
19027:
19011:
19007:
19001:
18993:
18987:
18983:
18979:
18972:
18964:
18958:
18954:
18953:Penguin Books
18950:
18946:
18940:
18932:
18926:
18922:
18918:
18917:
18909:
18907:
18905:
18903:
18894:
18890:
18886:
18882:
18881:
18873:
18865:
18861:
18857:
18853:
18849:
18845:
18844:
18839:
18833:
18822:
18816:
18801:
18797:
18791:
18776:
18770:
18762:
18756:
18741:
18734:
18723:
18716:
18701:
18695:
18693:
18684:
18680:
18676:
18672:
18668:
18664:
18657:
18649:
18645:
18641:
18637:
18633:
18629:
18628:
18620:
18613:
18605:
18601:
18597:
18591:
18575:
18568:
18560:
18556:
18552:
18548:
18547:
18542:
18535:
18516:
18509:
18502:
18494:
18488:
18484:
18480:
18479:
18471:
18455:
18451:
18445:
18437:
18433:
18432:
18424:
18422:
18413:
18409:
18403:
18401:
18399:
18397:
18395:
18379:
18375:
18368:
18366:
18357:
18350:
18344:
18336:
18332:
18328:
18321:
18319:
18310:
18306:
18302:
18298:
18294:
18290:
18283:
18277:
18273:
18270:
18266:
18250:
18246:
18242:
18236:
18220:
18216:
18212:
18206:
18190:
18186:
18180:
18164:
18160:
18156:
18150:
18139:
18132:
18125:
18117:
18113:
18106:
18098:
18094:
18088:
18072:
18068:
18064:
18058:
18050:
18049:
18044:
18038:
18023:
18019:
18013:
17997:
17993:
17987:
17972:
17968:
17962:
17954:
17948:
17944:
17940:
17933:
17925:
17921:
17917:
17913:
17909:
17905:
17898:
17896:
17879:
17875:
17869:
17862:
17856:
17845:September 24,
17841:
17835:
17819:
17815:
17811:
17804:
17788:
17784:
17778:
17770:
17766:
17762:
17756:
17754:
17742:September 24,
17737:
17733:
17729:
17723:
17721:
17704:
17698:
17682:
17678:
17672:
17670:
17653:
17649:
17643:
17628:
17624:
17617:
17601:
17597:
17591:
17583:
17579:
17573:
17562:
17555:
17549:
17547:
17539:
17533:
17526:
17516:
17500:
17496:
17490:
17475:
17474:
17469:
17462:
17454:
17453:
17448:
17441:
17434:
17423:
17417:
17413:
17409:
17404:
17403:
17394:
17375:
17371:
17365:
17358:
17357:
17349:
17341:
17335:
17331:
17330:
17322:
17314:
17310:
17306:
17302:
17301:
17296:
17289:
17274:
17267:
17251:
17247:
17246:
17241:
17234:
17226:
17222:
17218:
17214:
17207:
17199:
17193:
17189:
17185:
17181:
17180:
17175:
17168:
17160:
17154:
17150:
17146:
17142:
17141:
17136:
17129:
17122:
17121:0-8058-2792-7
17118:
17114:
17108:
17092:
17088:
17082:
17067:
17060:
17054:
17046:
17042:
17038:
17034:
17030:
17026:
17025:
17017:
17013:
17006:
16998:
16992:
16977:
16973:
16966:
16958:
16954:
16948:
16940:
16934:
16919:
16915:
16908:
16906:
16897:
16893:
16889:
16885:
16881:
16877:
16870:
16862:
16858:
16854:
16850:
16846:
16842:
16835:
16828:
16820:
16814:
16810:
16805:
16804:
16795:
16787:
16781:
16777:
16774:. New Haven:
16773:
16772:
16764:
16756:
16752:
16746:
16730:
16724:
16708:
16704:
16699:
16692:
16673:
16672:
16667:
16660:
16653:
16648:
16632:
16625:
16619:
16611:
16607:
16603:
16597:
16589:
16585:
16581:
16574:
16566:
16562:
16558:
16552:
16544:
16540:
16533:
16517:
16513:
16507:
16491:
16487:
16483:
16477:
16461:
16457:
16451:
16444:
16436:
16430:
16426:
16422:
16415:
16413:
16405:
16397:
16391:
16387:
16383:
16376:
16374:
16365:
16361:
16357:
16353:
16352:
16344:
16336:
16335:
16330:
16324:
16309:
16305:
16301:
16297:
16290:
16282:
16275:
16267:
16260:
16252:
16248:
16241:
16225:
16221:
16215:
16200:
16196:
16189:
16174:
16170:
16163:
16144:
16140:
16136:
16135:
16127:
16120:
16112:
16106:
16090:
16086:
16082:
16076:
16060:
16056:
16055:
16050:
16043:
16041:
16024:
16020:
16016:
16010:
16002:
15996:
15992:
15988:
15987:
15979:
15964:
15958:
15954:
15950:
15949:
15941:
15933:
15927:
15912:
15906:
15902:
15898:
15897:
15889:
15882:
15878:
15874:
15870:
15867:
15863:
15857:
15850:
15846:
15842:
15838:
15834:
15828:
15820:
15818:9786191760183
15814:
15810:
15803:
15795:
15789:
15785:
15777:
15761:
15757:
15756:
15751:
15744:
15729:
15723:
15719:
15715:
15714:
15709:
15703:
15701:
15699:
15690:
15684:
15665:
15658:
15651:
15643:
15639:
15633:
15617:
15613:
15607:
15591:
15585:
15570:
15563:
15557:
15555:
15553:
15551:
15542:
15541:
15536:
15530:
15514:
15510:
15504:
15502:
15485:
15481:
15475:
15459:
15455:
15449:
15447:
15435:September 24,
15430:
15426:
15422:
15416:
15414:
15398:
15391:
15385:
15369:
15363:
15355:
15351:
15346:
15341:
15337:
15333:
15329:
15325:
15324:
15319:
15312:
15293:
15289:
15288:
15280:
15274:
15259:
15255:
15248:
15246:
15230:
15226:
15220:
15212:
15206:
15202:
15195:
15193:
15191:
15189:
15180:
15174:
15170:
15166:
15162:
15161:Serano, Julia
15156:
15154:
15152:
15143:
15137:
15133:
15129:
15122:
15106:
15102:
15098:
15092:
15084:
15078:
15074:
15073:
15065:
15050:
15043:
15036:
15034:
15032:
15023:
15019:
15015:
15011:
15007:
15003:
14999:
14995:
14994:
14986:
14984:
14982:
14973:
14969:
14965:
14961:
14957:
14953:
14952:
14947:
14941:
14933:
14929:
14925:
14921:
14920:
14912:
14904:
14900:
14896:
14892:
14888:
14884:
14883:
14875:
14867:
14863:
14859:
14855:
14851:
14847:
14840:
14832:
14828:
14824:
14820:
14816:
14812:
14805:
14797:
14791:
14787:
14780:
14772:
14766:
14762:
14761:
14753:
14745:
14741:
14737:
14733:
14729:
14725:
14724:
14716:
14710:
14706:
14702:
14698:
14692:
14684:
14673:
14667:
14663:
14662:
14657:
14651:
14643:
14639:
14633:
14625:
14614:
14608:
14604:
14603:
14595:
14587:
14583:
14576:
14568:
14564:
14557:
14546:
14539:
14533:
14525:
14521:
14515:
14508:
14503:
14499:
14495:
14491:
14487:
14483:
14482:
14474:
14472:
14455:
14449:
14438:September 19,
14434:
14430:
14424:
14418:
14414:
14411:
14407:
14400:
14395:
14391:
14387:
14383:
14379:
14375:
14371:
14367:
14363:
14356:
14348:
14344:
14337:
14321:
14320:
14315:
14308:
14301:
14300:0-674-89646-7
14297:
14293:
14292:0-674-89645-9
14289:
14285:
14281:
14280:
14273:
14266:
14265:
14260:
14254:
14238:
14237:
14232:
14225:
14218:
14217:0-394-72612-X
14214:
14210:
14209:0-394-48227-1
14206:
14202:
14198:
14192:
14184:
14178:
14174:
14173:
14168:
14164:
14158:
14142:
14141:
14136:
14129:
14122:
14118:
14112:
14092:
14091:
14084:
14069:
14065:
14058:
14056:
14047:
14041:
14033:
14029:
14025:
14021:
14017:
14010:
14002:
13998:
13994:
13990:
13986:
13982:
13981:
13976:
13969:
13961:
13957:
13953:
13949:
13945:
13941:
13937:
13933:
13932:
13924:
13916:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13896:
13888:
13884:
13880:
13876:
13875:
13870:
13864:
13848:
13841:
13825:
13824:
13819:
13812:
13810:
13794:
13793:
13788:
13781:
13773:
13772:
13767:
13761:
13745:
13741:
13735:
13719:
13718:
13713:
13706:
13690:
13686:
13685:
13680:
13674:
13667:
13663:
13662:
13655:
13646:
13642:
13638:
13634:
13633:
13625:
13606:
13600:
13598:
13589:
13585:
13581:
13577:
13573:
13569:
13568:
13560:
13552:
13548:
13544:
13540:
13536:
13532:
13525:
13517:
13513:
13509:
13505:
13501:
13497:
13496:
13488:
13481:
13479:
13477:
13475:
13466:
13462:
13458:
13454:
13450:
13446:
13445:
13444:Social Forces
13437:
13421:
13417:
13413:
13407:
13399:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13382:(4): 75â100.
13381:
13377:
13373:
13366:
13358:
13354:
13350:
13344:
13340:
13336:
13329:
13328:
13320:
13318:
13309:
13305:
13301:
13297:
13293:
13289:
13285:
13281:
13277:
13270:
13262:
13258:
13251:
13244:
13243:
13239:OECD (2002).
13236:
13229:
13228:
13221:
13214:
13210:
13209:
13202:
13186:
13182:
13176:
13169:
13168:
13161:
13142:
13135:
13128:
13121:
13117:
13113:
13112:
13105:
13098:
13097:
13090:
13083:
13079:
13078:
13071:
13064:
13063:
13056:
13048:
13044:
13040:
13033:
13026:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13010:
13003:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12984:
12977:
12970:
12962:
12958:
12954:
12950:
12946:
12942:
12935:
12928:
12922:
12914:
12910:
12906:
12902:
12898:
12894:
12893:
12885:
12878:
12876:
12867:
12863:
12859:
12855:
12851:
12847:
12846:
12838:
12830:
12826:
12822:
12818:
12814:
12810:
12809:
12801:
12793:
12787:
12779:
12773:
12766:
12764:
12757:
12750:
12749:
12742:
12740:
12732:
12730:
12725:
12720:
12718:
12709:
12705:
12701:
12697:
12696:
12688:
12680:
12676:
12672:
12668:
12667:
12659:
12651:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12633:
12629:
12626:(3): 714736.
12625:
12621:
12620:
12615:
12608:
12593:
12592:
12587:
12580:
12572:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12544:
12540:
12536:
12532:
12531:
12526:
12519:
12503:
12499:
12492:
12490:
12481:
12477:
12473:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12455:
12451:
12450:
12442:
12440:
12432:
12428:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12415:
12407:
12406:
12399:
12397:
12389:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12370:
12366:
12362:
12358:
12354:
12350:
12346:
12342:
12341:
12333:
12325:
12321:
12317:
12313:
12309:
12305:
12304:
12296:
12294:
12278:
12271:
12264:
12262:
12257:
12252:
12250:
12242:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12228:
12226:
12224:
12222:
12213:
12206:
12199:
12195:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12179:
12172:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12158:
12157:Mills College
12153:
12142:
12138:
12134:
12127:
12126:
12119:
12111:
12107:
12103:
12099:
12098:
12090:
12081:
12073:
12069:
12062:
12046:
12042:
12035:
12027:
12023:
12019:
12015:
12008:
11992:
11988:
11982:
11980:
11964:
11960:
11956:
11952:
11945:
11943:
11927:
11920:
11914:
11906:
11900:
11881:
11874:
11867:
11859:
11855:
11851:
11847:
11843:
11839:
11835:
11831:
11824:
11816:
11810:
11791:
11784:
11777:
11769:
11763:
11758:
11757:
11748:
11732:
11728:
11722:
11706:
11702:
11696:
11694:
11685:
11681:
11677:
11673:
11669:
11665:
11664:
11656:
11649:
11645:
11641:
11635:
11627:
11623:
11619:
11615:
11611:
11607:
11603:
11599:
11598:
11590:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11569:
11561:
11557:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11541:
11534:
11519:
11518:Atlas Obscura
11515:
11511:
11504:
11502:
11500:
11491:
11485:
11481:
11477:
11470:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11442:
11438:
11434:
11433:
11425:
11423:
11421:
11412:
11408:
11402:
11386:
11380:
11364:
11360:
11356:
11352:
11346:
11330:
11323:
11307:
11300:
11284:
11278:
11262:
11256:
11240:
11234:
11215:
11211:
11204:
11200:
11194:
11186:
11173:
11165:
11159:
11155:
11148:
11140:
11134:
11115:
11108:
11100:
11081:
11074:
11067:
11051:
11047:
11041:
11033:
11027:
11023:
11022:
11014:
10998:
10992:
10976:
10975:
10970:
10964:
10949:
10948:
10940:
10933:
10915:
10909:
10893:
10889:
10882:
10866:
10862:
10861:
10856:
10850:
10842:
10836:
10820:
10819:
10814:
10808:
10792:
10788:
10782:
10774:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10761:
10753:
10734:
10727:
10721:
10706:
10702:
10696:
10677:
10670:
10664:
10646:
10639:
10631:
10627:
10621:
10605:
10599:
10591:
10587:
10583:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10565:
10561:
10560:
10552:
10537:
10536:
10531:
10524:
10509:
10505:
10499:
10483:
10479:
10473:
10462:
10458:
10454:
10447:
10440:
10424:
10420:
10414:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10384:
10376:
10372:
10368:
10362:
10347:
10343:
10336:
10320:
10316:
10315:
10314:The Telegraph
10309:
10301:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10264:
10262:
10257:
10251:
10242:
10235:
10234:Thurston 2001
10230:
10223:
10217:
10210:
10209:Thurston 2001
10205:
10198:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10180:
10174:
10159:
10153:
10149:
10145:
10144:
10136:
10128:
10124:
10117:
10109:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10088:
10073:
10067:
10063:
10062:
10061:Ancient Egypt
10054:
10046:
10042:
10038:
10031:
10016:
10010:
10006:
10002:
10001:
9993:
9985:
9979:
9975:
9971:
9964:
9956:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9936:
9928:
9924:
9920:
9914:
9909:
9908:
9899:
9891:
9885:
9880:
9879:
9870:
9863:
9858:
9850:
9844:
9839:
9838:
9829:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9807:
9803:
9796:
9788:
9782:
9777:
9776:
9767:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9745:
9741:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9721:
9717:
9713:
9707:
9703:
9696:
9688:
9681:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9634:
9618:
9611:
9605:
9600:
9593:
9581:
9575:
9572:. p. 6.
9571:
9567:
9566:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9545:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9524:
9522:
9506:
9502:
9495:
9489:
9483:
9475:
9469:
9465:
9460:
9452:
9450:
9441:
9437:
9433:
9429:
9425:
9421:
9420:
9412:
9404:
9398:
9394:
9387:
9378:
9374:
9368:
9363:
9362:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9316:
9304:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9283:
9273:
9267:
9263:
9258:
9255:
9250:
9244:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9221:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9200:
9194:
9188:
9183:
9182:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9140:
9136:
9128:
9122:
9117:
9111:
9107:
9102:
9099:
9088:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9065:
9059:
9055:
9050:
9049:
9045:
9043:
9038:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8813:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8787:
8785:
8781:
8776:
8772:
8770:
8765:
8763:
8759:
8754:
8747:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8729:
8719:
8717:
8713:
8708:
8704:
8703:Latin America
8700:
8696:
8690:
8680:
8675:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8657:
8653:
8651:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8634:
8630:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8612:
8608:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8591:
8589:
8584:
8580:
8576:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8555:
8546:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8514:
8511:
8506:
8504:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8445:
8437:
8430:
8422:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8399:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8366:
8361:
8359:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8342:Western world
8338:
8334:
8328:
8326:
8322:
8313:
8308:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8282:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8215:
8213:
8207:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8139:
8137:
8132:
8130:
8125:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8094:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8073:
8072:Acid throwing
8069:
8068:Honor killing
8059:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8032:
8029:
8028:David Benatar
8025:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7932:
7927:
7923:
7917:
7913:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7874:
7870:
7860:
7856:
7854:
7853:gender binary
7849:
7847:
7846:Judith Butler
7844:
7839:
7837:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7812:transfeminist
7803:
7801:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7781:
7771:
7768:
7759:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7742:
7731:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7581:
7573:
7564:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7470:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7426:
7421:
7412:
7409:
7408:socialization
7405:
7404:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7386:
7384:
7379:
7372:
7362:
7359:
7358:glass ceiling
7354:
7344:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7326:
7320:
7316:
7315:Glass ceiling
7306:
7304:
7299:
7295:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7203:
7202:Equal Pay Act
7197:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7147:Gap in hiring
7144:
7142:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7091:
7089:
7082:
7080:
7068:
7064:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7047:condescension
7042:
7032:
7030:
7025:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7014:die Studenten
7010:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6975:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6869:
6868:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6709:
6708:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:United States
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6540:Latin America
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6388:
6387:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6362:Technoscience
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:Art criticism
6183:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6135:Men's studies
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6035:Views on BDSM
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6011:
6010:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:Transmisogyny
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:Purplewashing
5917:
5915:
5914:Protofeminism
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5829:Honor killing
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5704:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:Individualist
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5576:Cyberfeminism
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:Anti-abortion
5357:
5356:
5349:
5348:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:Multicultural
5262:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5247:Transnational
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5164:Postgenderism
5162:
5161:
5160:
5159:Transfeminism
5157:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:United States
5088:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:Liechtenstein
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Social stigma
4777:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4386:State atheism
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Jim Crow laws
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:One-drop rule
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Blood quantum
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Victimisation
4161:
4159:
4158:Trans bashing
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Religious war
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Racialization
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Glass ceiling
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:Ethnic hatred
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3857:Counter-jihad
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3639:United States
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:United States
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:Protestantism
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:LDS or Mormon
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Transmisogyny
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Gerontophobia
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Anti-intersex
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Anti-albinism
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Institutional
2875:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2784:
2781:
2773:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2723:
2722:Gloria Allred
2719:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:Liechtenstein
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:marital power
2489:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:Marital power
2441:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:institutional
2183:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:(p. 6).
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:Caroline Bird
2154:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Social stigma
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:State atheism
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Jim Crow laws
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:One-drop rule
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Blood quantum
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Victimisation
1376:
1374:
1373:Trans bashing
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Religious war
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Racialization
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Glass ceiling
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Ethnic hatred
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Counter-jihad
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
855:
854:United States
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
718:
717:United States
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
663:
657:
656:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Protestantism
628:
626:
623:
619:
616:
615:
614:
611:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
563:
560:
558:
555:
551:
548:
546:
545:LDS or Mormon
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
501:
496:
495:
485:
482:
480:
477:
473:
470:
468:
467:Transmisogyny
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Gerontophobia
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
290:Anti-intersex
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Anti-albinism
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
238:
237:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
119:
118:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
92:Institutional
90:
89:
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
23863:
23838:
23782:Rhetoricians
23772:Philosophers
23664:Saudi Arabia
23460:South Africa
23322:Epistemology
23275:Anthropology
23270:Architecture
23233:Legal theory
23141:Gynocentrism
23080:War on women
23015:Pro-feminism
22970:Gender-blind
22925:Gender quota
22898:Art movement
22695:Dianic Wicca
22574:Sex-positive
22537:Postcolonial
22404:Conservative
22384:Anti-fascist
22069:Gender roles
22014:Kinsey scale
22004:Aromanticism
21880:Gray asexual
21829:Heterosexual
21754:Sworn virgin
21724:Mukhannathun
21626:Binabinaaine
21187:Gender-blind
21074:Human rights
20902:Racial quota
20889:
20869:Jewish quota
20849:Gerontocracy
20844:Gender roles
20822:Disabilities
20807:Blood purity
20779:Wife selling
20769:White flight
20749:Slut-shaming
20729:Scapegoating
20647:Murder music
20320:Palestinians
20138:South Africa
20123:Black people
20101:South Africa
19922:Christianity
19912:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
19840:Sectarianism
19780:Heterosexism
19745:Ephebiphobia
19710:Antisemitism
19705:Anti-Masonry
19618:
19572:Hair texture
19426:
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19279:Cudd, Ann E.
19255:
19252:Cudd, Ann E.
19227:
19221:
19202:
19186:Bibliography
19171:. Retrieved
19167:the original
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18245:Equality Now
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17971:ScienceDaily
17970:
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17910:(1): 49â61.
17907:
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17882:. Retrieved
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16671:Times Online
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15966:. Retrieved
15947:
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15914:. Retrieved
15895:
15888:
15868:
15866:True, Jacqui
15856:
15839:. Volume 1.
15836:
15827:
15808:
15802:
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15776:
15764:. Retrieved
15755:The Atlantic
15753:
15743:
15731:. Retrieved
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15650:
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15615:
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15584:
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15568:
15540:The Guardian
15538:
15529:
15519:February 18,
15517:. Retrieved
15512:
15490:February 22,
15488:. Retrieved
15484:the original
15474:
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15457:
15433:. Retrieved
15429:the original
15424:
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15396:
15384:
15372:. Retrieved
15368:"the Survey"
15362:
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15311:
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15064:
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14997:
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14889:(1): 32â38.
14886:
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14721:
14715:
14696:
14691:
14683:Google Books
14681:– via
14675:. Retrieved
14660:
14650:
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14632:
14624:Google Books
14622:– via
14616:. Retrieved
14601:
14594:
14586:the Guardian
14585:
14575:
14567:the Guardian
14566:
14556:
14545:the original
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14346:
14336:
14326:February 18,
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14317:
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14272:
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14243:September 1,
14241:. Retrieved
14236:The Guardian
14234:
14224:
14211:. (1978 ed,
14201:Random House
14196:
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14157:
14145:. Retrieved
14138:
14128:
14116:
14111:
14100:February 26,
14098:. Retrieved
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14083:
14071:. Retrieved
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14040:cite journal
14026:(3): 35â58.
14023:
14019:
14009:
13987:(1): 71â79.
13984:
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13851:. Retrieved
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12095:
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12080:
12074:(in German).
12071:
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12034:
12020:(2): 34â36.
12017:
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11255:
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11241:. Infoplease
11233:
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11209:
11199:Pillay, Navi
11193:
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10284:
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10250:
10241:
10236:. pp. 42â45.
10229:
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9999:
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9974:Beacon Press
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9564:
9532:. New York:
9529:
9510:February 19,
9508:. Retrieved
9504:
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9144:February 19,
9142:. Retrieved
9138:
9120:
9119:
9105:
9090:
9076:
9073:Cudd, Ann E.
9053:
9025:
9021:free content
9013:
8903:Heterosexism
8828:Antifeminism
8810:
8777:
8773:
8766:
8755:
8751:
8707:miscarriages
8692:
8677:
8669:
8665:
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8607:manslaughter
8592:
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8317:
8312:foot binding
8281:Foot binding
8257:
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8216:
8209:
8186:Dowry deaths
8184:
8160:Umrani Tribe
8153:
8141:
8133:
8122:
8120:as lawful."
8116:
8113:Equality Now
8106:
8102:human rights
8090:
8056:
8033:
8023:
8022:In his book
8021:
8009:Conscription
8007:
7961:
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7937:
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7893:
7884:
7876:
7857:
7850:
7840:
7832:
7820:social norms
7816:Julia Serano
7809:
7797:
7790:, and other
7784:third gender
7777:
7765:
7762:Sexist jokes
7752:
7748:
7728:
7725:writes that:
7721:
7713:
7705:
7689:Prostitution
7687:
7684:Prostitution
7671:
7666:
7662:
7654:
7642:Robin Morgan
7640:
7635:
7624:argues that
7619:
7597:
7582:
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7543:
7537:
7531:
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7519:
7513:subjectivity
7510:
7502:
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7378:Neil Gorsuch
7374:
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7220:in her book
7214:
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7163:Earnings gap
7157:
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7113:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7075:
7051:misgendering
7044:
7026:
7021:
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7007:
6997:", meaning "
6995:mademoiselle
6981:
6972:
6968:queer theory
6949:
6921:
6917:male-as-norm
6913:
6642:Saudi Arabia
6438:South Africa
6281:Epistemology
6256:Legal theory
6175:Architecture
6165:Anthropology
6144:
6110:Gynocentrism
5974:War on women
5909:Pro-feminism
5864:Gender-blind
5819:Gender quota
5792:Art movement
5566:Anti-fascist
5500:Dianic Wicca
5379:Postfeminism
5254:Xenofeminism
5237:Postcolonial
5154:Sex-positive
4613:Gender-blind
4492:Human rights
4312:Racial quota
4299:
4279:Jewish quota
4259:Gerontocracy
4254:Gender roles
4232:Disabilities
4217:Blood purity
4183:Wife selling
4173:White flight
4153:Slut-shaming
4133:Scapegoating
4051:Murder music
3716:Palestinians
3534:South Africa
3519:Black people
3497:South Africa
3310:Christianity
3300:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
3220:Sectarianism
3160:Heterosexism
3125:Ephebiphobia
3090:Antisemitism
3085:Anti-Masonry
2946:Hair texture
2824:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2747:
2715:
2696:
2692:
2660:
2652:Annie Kenney
2632:
2607:
2580:
2566:
2558:marital rape
2535:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2485:
2475:
2456:Marriage bar
2424:
2412:Saudi Arabia
2409:
2392:
2390:
2375:
2363:
2310:
2307:
2283:
2259:Philosopher
2258:
2246:Marilyn Frye
2239:
2232:
2222:
2213:
2202:Ida B. Wells
2180:
2173:
2168:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2133:
2088:gender roles
2059:
2058:
1828:Gender-blind
1707:Human rights
1527:Racial quota
1514:
1494:Jewish quota
1474:Gerontocracy
1469:Gender roles
1447:Disabilities
1432:Blood purity
1398:Wife selling
1388:White flight
1368:Slut-shaming
1348:Scapegoating
1266:Murder music
931:Palestinians
749:South Africa
734:Black people
712:South Africa
525:Christianity
515:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
435:Sectarianism
375:Heterosexism
340:Ephebiphobia
305:Antisemitism
300:Anti-Masonry
161:Hair texture
39:
23822:Comic books
23747:Art critics
23669:South Korea
23649:Philippines
23629:New Zealand
23624:Netherlands
23356:Pornography
23344:Metaphysics
23285:Criminology
23280:Archaeology
23253:Film theory
22955:Women's Day
22705:Ecofeminist
22564:Reactionary
22512:Materialist
22287:Switzerland
22282:New Zealand
22201:Fourth-wave
22184:Second-wave
21927:Questioning
21800:orientation
21719:Mudoko dako
21679:Femminiello
21591:Transsexual
21569:Trans woman
21552:Transgender
21089:Nonviolence
21084:LGBT rights
21049:Empowerment
21017:Anti-racism
20939:Segregation
20884:No kid zone
20684:Persecution
20597:Hate speech
20548:Gay bashing
20523:Ethnic joke
20478:Dog whistle
20423:Blood libel
20118:Azerbaijani
20022:Neopaganism
20015:Persecution
19981:Persecution
19964:Persecution
19927:Catholicism
19862:Transphobia
19845:Supremacism
19800:Lesbophobia
19715:Aporophobia
19675:Anti-autism
19526:Taste-based
19521:Statistical
19373:Basic Books
18887:(4): 5â27.
18600:amnesty.org
18580:October 18,
17943:McGraw-Hill
17658:November 6,
17632:November 6,
17473:Smithsonian
17123:. Page 259.
17071:December 4,
17066:nces.ed.gov
16637:December 4,
15673:December 3,
15574:December 4,
15402:January 20,
15301:January 20,
14372:(5): 1129.
14147:December 1,
13901:Rae Langton
13853:December 1,
13426:January 16,
13049:(1): 49â79.
12084:Osel, ibid.
11889:December 3,
11799:December 3,
11604:(1): 1â32.
11331:(in French)
11245:December 1,
10894:(in French)
10793:(in French)
9941:Manne, Kate
9650:(1): 3â16.
8780:fornication
8599:Provocation
8573:In several
8531:Uttarakhand
8505:and China.
8164:Balochistan
8076:Dowry death
8017:Middle Ages
7940:Middle East
7926:Bride price
7869:Transphobia
7788:genderqueer
7626:pornography
7610:Pornography
7497:Violability
7490:Fungibility
7423:Example of
7398:transsexual
7394:trans woman
7303:unexplained
7229:and women.
6647:South Korea
6627:Philippines
6607:New Zealand
6602:Netherlands
6325:Pornography
6303:Metaphysics
6217:Criminology
6195:Film theory
6170:Archaeology
5849:Women's Day
5651:Libertarian
5593:Ecofeminism
5510:Ecofeminist
5391:Reactionary
5384:Neofeminism
5325:Multiracial
5230:Ecofeminist
5225:Materialist
5068:Switzerland
5048:New Zealand
4507:Nonviolence
4502:LGBT rights
4467:Empowerment
4435:Anti-racism
4349:Segregation
4294:No kid zone
4088:Persecution
4001:Hate speech
3952:Gay bashing
3927:Ethnic joke
3882:Dog whistle
3827:Blood libel
3514:Azerbaijani
3410:Neopaganism
3403:Persecution
3369:Persecution
3352:Persecution
3315:Catholicism
3242:Transphobia
3225:Supremacism
3180:Lesbophobia
3095:Aporophobia
3055:Anti-autism
2892:Taste-based
2887:Statistical
2834:In language
2815:Bettie Page
2623:Navi Pillay
2621:. In 2012,
2603:bride price
2587:Afghanistan
2542:bride price
2478:English law
2386:Christendom
2229:Susan Fiske
2225:Rhoda Unger
2092:stereotypes
1722:Nonviolence
1717:LGBT rights
1682:Empowerment
1650:Anti-racism
1564:Segregation
1509:No kid zone
1303:Persecution
1216:Hate speech
1167:Gay bashing
1142:Ethnic joke
1097:Dog whistle
1042:Blood libel
729:Azerbaijani
625:Neopaganism
618:Persecution
584:Persecution
567:Persecution
530:Catholicism
457:Transphobia
440:Supremacism
395:Lesbophobia
310:Aporophobia
270:Anti-autism
107:Taste-based
102:Statistical
47:Suffragette
23953:Chauvinism
23942:Categories
23812:Literature
23757:Economists
23477:Bangladesh
23411:By country
23361:Psychology
23317:Empiricism
23312:Aesthetics
23307:Philosophy
23166:Patriarchy
23146:Matriarchy
22951:Girl's Day
22930:Girl power
22903:In hip hop
22826:Literature
22761:Indigenous
22700:Reclaiming
22596:Standpoint
22569:Separatism
22542:Postmodern
22436:Vegetarian
22426:Difference
22369:Analytical
22196:Third-wave
22179:First-wave
21963:Asociality
21917:Polysexual
21885:Demisexual
21855:Bi-curious
21834:Homosexual
21802:identities
21769:Two-spirit
21674:Fakafifine
21669:Fa'afafine
21611:Androgynos
21460:identities
21451:identities
21363:Stereotype
21358:Speciesism
21239:Oppression
21234:Oikophobia
21130:Allophilia
21114:Toleration
20971:Sodomy law
20864:Internment
20784:Witch-hunt
20662:Blackhawks
20592:Hate group
20580:Hate crime
20553:Gendercide
20543:Freak show
20533:Excellence
20493:Employment
20463:Defamation
20395:Vietnamese
20390:Venezuelan
20280:Lithuanian
19954:Falun Gong
19889:Xenophobia
19884:Vegaphobia
19867:Non-binary
19825:Pedophobia
19790:Homophobia
19602:Skin color
19562:Disability
19535:Attributes
19516:Structural
19341:Hurst, C.
18524:August 30,
18048:GlobalPost
17976:August 26,
17410:. p.
17332:. UNESCO.
17186:. p.
17147:. p.
17143:. Urbana:
15875:. p. 113.
15843:. p. 108.
15263:August 26,
15234:August 26,
15169:Seal Press
14882:Body Image
14524:walnet.org
14456:. US Legal
14319:Think Tank
14294:(1st ed),
14199:. (1977).
13695:August 26,
13666:Herald Sun
11968:August 26,
11312:January 8,
10797:August 26,
10045:B000W595CC
9972:. Boston:
9685:"Sexism".
9361:Psychology
9130:Also see:
9033:References
8968:Patriarchy
8928:Matriarchy
8812:training.
8769:ostracized
8740:People in
8503:Uzbekistan
8456:South Asia
8452:Gendercide
8346:unbreeched
8337:DressMaker
8279:See also:
7867:See also:
7822:, such as
7792:non-binary
7739:See also:
7660:requests.
7614:See also:
7604:billboards
7602:'s ban of
7511:Denial of
7462:Denial of
7369:See also:
7353:Overweight
7325:hysteresis
7039:See also:
6944:See also:
6843:Categories
6745:Literature
6455:Bangladesh
6330:Psychology
6276:Empiricism
6271:Aesthetics
6266:Philosophy
6140:Patriarchy
6125:Matriarchy
5845:Girl's Day
5824:Girl power
5797:In hip hop
5720:Literature
5683:Separatist
5661:Postmodern
5627:Difference
5561:Analytical
5505:Reclaiming
5313:Indigenous
5218:Standpoint
5147:Separatist
4999:by country
4789:Stereotype
4784:Speciesism
4665:Oppression
4660:Oikophobia
4556:Allophilia
4532:Toleration
4381:Sodomy law
4274:Internment
4188:Witch-hunt
4066:Blackhawks
3996:Hate group
3984:Hate crime
3957:Gendercide
3947:Freak show
3937:Excellence
3897:Employment
3867:Defamation
3791:Vietnamese
3786:Venezuelan
3676:Lithuanian
3342:Falun Gong
3269:Xenophobia
3264:Vegaphobia
3247:Non-binary
3205:Pedophobia
3170:Homophobia
2976:Skin color
2936:Disability
2907:Attributes
2882:Structural
2800:See also:
2770:March 2021
2468:poster in
2350:Witch hunt
2261:Kate Manne
2242:bell hooks
2004:Stereotype
1999:Speciesism
1880:Oppression
1875:Oikophobia
1771:Allophilia
1747:Toleration
1596:Sodomy law
1489:Internment
1403:Witch-hunt
1281:Blackhawks
1211:Hate group
1199:Hate crime
1172:Gendercide
1162:Freak show
1152:Excellence
1112:Employment
1082:Defamation
1006:Vietnamese
1001:Venezuelan
891:Lithuanian
557:Falun Gong
484:Xenophobia
479:Vegaphobia
462:Non-binary
420:Pedophobia
385:Homophobia
191:Skin color
151:Disability
122:Attributes
97:Structural
23567:Argentina
23527:Indonesia
23517:Hong Kong
23472:Australia
23373:Seriality
23297:Geography
23223:Sociology
23176:Economics
23161:Kyriarchy
22663:Christian
22643:Religious
22584:Socialist
22374:Anarchist
22319:States of
22257:Australia
21937:TakatÄpui
21912:Pansexual
21865:Ex-ex-gay
21704:Koekchuch
21684:GĂŒevedoce
21604:and sexes
21574:Fakaleitī
21564:Trans man
21557:Akava'ine
21507:Cisgender
21497:Androgyne
21336:Christian
21264:Prejudice
21212:Masculism
21160:Diversity
20954:religious
20929:Redlining
20528:Ethnocide
20488:Education
20380:Ukrainian
20315:Pakistani
20305:Mongolian
20233:Australia
20215:Hungarian
20170:Colombian
20150:Bulgarian
20032:Rastafari
19986:Ahmadiyya
19899:Religious
19877:Trans men
19835:Pregnancy
19770:Gayphobia
19765:Fatphobia
19660:Acephobia
19655:Arophobia
19639:Viewpoint
19244:145006661
19230:: 46â61.
19173:March 31,
19141:March 31,
19113:March 31,
19073:ignored (
19063:cite book
19053:March 31,
19016:March 31,
18838:Lisak, D.
18683:157714160
18648:149991197
18460:March 31,
18309:144833987
18255:March 31,
18225:March 31,
18195:March 31,
18169:March 31,
18077:March 31,
18027:March 31,
18002:March 31,
17824:March 31,
17793:March 31,
17606:March 31,
17505:March 31,
17479:March 16,
17455:. London.
17427:March 11,
17307:: 27â41.
16923:April 18,
16896:145693091
16861:146588435
16703:Telegraph
16522:March 31,
16466:March 16,
16358:: 71â91.
16308:0362-4331
16065:April 26,
15968:April 25,
15926:cite book
15916:April 25,
15786:. Polis.
15766:April 26,
15733:April 26,
15622:March 31,
15596:March 31,
15464:March 31,
15374:March 31,
15111:March 31,
15054:March 31,
14972:144338846
14866:144253671
14831:144040468
14744:143146656
14730:: 34â45.
14677:March 31,
14618:March 31,
14502:145263451
14460:March 19,
14386:0042-6601
14349:. London.
14203:. 333 p.
14123:. p. 147.
13960:145272074
13952:0361-6843
13724:April 30,
13720:. Fortune
13588:154793796
13516:154536609
13465:145245044
13357:2315-0807
13300:1468-0297
12961:153671276
12458:CiteSeerX
12324:144717322
12282:April 23,
12137:663427461
12051:March 31,
11963:0362-4331
11737:March 31,
11711:March 31,
11684:144788626
11663:Sex Roles
11626:147319093
11560:0033-362X
11461:145574989
11453:1743-923X
11267:August 1,
11223:April 18,
11123:March 11,
11089:April 17,
11056:March 31,
11003:March 31,
10981:March 31,
10953:April 17,
10742:April 25,
10710:March 31,
10685:March 31,
10653:April 17,
10590:189873867
10568:CiteSeerX
10541:April 17,
10403:March 15,
10179:this note
10148:Routledge
10098:et passim
9820:968304061
9758:243941681
9720:468109511
9702:Sociology
9664:0003-1283
9585:April 20,
9570:Routledge
9048:Sources:
8923:Masculism
8833:Androcide
8742:Bangalore
8480:East Asia
8348:and wore
8261:textbooks
8196:Education
8180:execution
8044:Singapore
8013:Antiquity
7948:virginity
7836:cissexism
7544:Silencing
7504:Ownership
7475:Inertness
6733:Feminists
6545:Argentina
6505:Indonesia
6495:Hong Kong
6450:Australia
6357:Sociology
6239:Geography
6229:Economics
6120:Male gaze
6115:Kyriarchy
5586:Networked
5468:Christian
5203:Jineology
5191:Anarchist
5181:Socialist
5061:Francoist
5013:Australia
4959:Timelines
4762:Christian
4690:Prejudice
4638:Masculism
4586:Diversity
4364:religious
4339:Redlining
3932:Ethnocide
3892:Education
3776:Ukrainian
3711:Pakistani
3701:Mongolian
3629:Australia
3611:Hungarian
3566:Colombian
3546:Bulgarian
3420:Rastafari
3374:Ahmadiyya
3285:Religious
3257:Trans men
3215:Pregnancy
3150:Gayphobia
3145:Fatphobia
3040:Acephobia
3035:Arophobia
3011:Viewpoint
2827:Empirical
2762:talk page
2615:sexuality
2482:coverture
2440:Coverture
2330:Confucian
2182:Sociology
2064:prejudice
1977:Christian
1905:Prejudice
1853:Masculism
1801:Diversity
1579:religious
1554:Redlining
1147:Ethnocide
1107:Education
991:Ukrainian
926:Pakistani
916:Mongolian
844:Australia
826:Hungarian
781:Colombian
761:Bulgarian
635:Rastafari
589:Ahmadiyya
500:Religious
472:Trans men
430:Pregnancy
365:Gayphobia
360:Fatphobia
255:Acephobia
250:Arophobia
226:Viewpoint
23932:Feminism
23883:Category
23817:American
23689:Thailand
23644:Pakistan
23614:Malaysia
23597:Paraguay
23587:Honduras
23435:Ethiopia
23302:Pedagogy
23228:Rhetoric
23218:Sexology
23211:Womanist
23206:Thealogy
23201:Theology
23000:Misogyny
22873:Femicide
22858:Equality
22812:Concepts
22727:Orthodox
22690:Neopagan
22678:Womanist
22658:Buddhist
22626:Africana
22621:Womanism
22517:Maternal
22507:Lipstick
22473:Activism
22443:Equality
22409:Cultural
22394:Carceral
22329:Virginia
22309:Timeline
22252:Timeline
22189:timeline
22174:Timeline
22151:Feminism
22074:Intersex
22052:See also
22039:Sapphism
21824:Bisexual
21784:X-gender
21759:Travesti
21734:NĂĄdleehi
21647:Chibados
21579:Mak nyah
21393:Category
21375:The talk
21311:Snobbery
21229:Net bias
21059:Feminism
20986:Ugly law
20827:Catholic
20795:policies
20642:Mortgage
20637:Lynching
20568:examples
20563:Genocide
20483:Economic
20468:Democide
20428:Bullying
20345:Romanian
20310:Nigerian
20260:Japanese
20195:Georgian
20180:Filipino
20113:Assyrian
20086:Armenian
20076:American
20071:Albanian
20053:National
20037:Yazidism
19959:Hinduism
19917:Buddhism
19820:Nepotism
19815:Misogyny
19810:Misandry
19735:Cronyism
19730:Clannism
19725:Biphobia
19665:Adultism
19582:Language
19452:Archived
19375:, 2013.
19205:. 2012.
19093:BBC News
19010:BBC News
18947:(1975).
18805:June 14,
18780:June 14,
18745:June 14,
18705:June 14,
18383:July 20,
18272:Archived
18097:BBC News
17996:BBC News
17884:July 15,
17818:Archived
17814:BBC News
17769:Archived
17681:Newsroom
17600:BBC News
17582:BBC News
17540:, p. 166
17499:BBC News
17383:March 8,
17374:Archived
17278:June 14,
17256:July 20,
17097:July 20,
17045:13244502
17014:(2009).
16735:July 20,
16707:Archived
16674:. London
16610:Archived
16588:Archived
16565:Archived
16496:July 20,
16178:March 8,
16173:Truthout
16143:Archived
16059:Archived
16023:Archived
16019:CBC News
15841:Springer
15760:Archived
15683:cite web
15642:IRINnews
15616:BBC News
15354:27708501
15163:(2007).
15022:26438425
15014:18056796
14903:19815476
14658:(1988).
14413:Archived
14239:. London
14073:April 6,
14068:BBC News
14001:30977582
13798:June 17,
13792:The Tyee
13771:NBC News
13750:June 21,
13398:55685704
13308:15210316
13191:July 20,
13116:Archived
13021:Archived
12829:54763679
12708:40326127
12650:53589814
12597:June 14,
12571:25870272
12369:55946209
12190:Archived
12167:Archived
12026:40545648
11991:BBC News
11899:cite web
11858:26245038
11850:12845944
11809:cite web
11391:June 14,
11369:June 11,
11201:(2012).
11133:cite web
10974:BBC News
10898:June 14,
10871:June 14,
10860:Le Temps
10835:cite web
10825:June 14,
10610:July 20,
10513:July 20,
10488:July 20,
10461:Archived
10351:June 20,
10325:June 20,
10319:Archived
10290:June 20,
10211:. p. 01.
10193:Archived
10182:Archived
10163:March 2,
10129:(3): 87.
10077:March 2,
10020:March 2,
9943:(2019).
9802:SOC 2018
9623:June 20,
9501:"Sexism"
9324:(2010).
9315:females.
9291:(2000).
9208:(2007).
9197:Defines
9135:"Sexism"
8948:Misogyny
8943:Misandry
8858:Feminism
8853:Femicide
8816:See also
8796:War rape
8790:War rape
8784:adultery
8611:adultery
8484:Caucasus
8468:Pakistan
8365:leaders.
8300:Louis XV
8230:literacy
8086:Cambodia
8015:and the
7986:Military
7980:Ethiopia
7901:Examples
7657:coercion
7483:activity
7464:autonomy
7381:protect
7298:Eurostat
7190:Eurostat
7179:Eurostat
7132:tokenism
6985:such as
6728:Articles
6667:Thailand
6622:Pakistan
6592:Malaysia
6575:Paraguay
6565:Honduras
6413:Ethiopia
6367:Theology
6352:Sexology
6347:Sex wars
6261:Pedagogy
6014:Outlooks
5894:Misogyny
5767:Femicide
5752:Equality
5708:Concepts
5673:Cultural
5632:Equality
5613:Stiletto
5608:Lipstick
5532:Orthodox
5495:Neopagan
5483:Womanist
5463:Buddhist
5411:Embedded
5406:Imperial
5401:Carceral
5374:Maternal
5335:Womanism
5023:Colombia
4910:Canadian
4900:American
4857:Feminism
4849:a series
4847:Part of
4801:The talk
4737:Snobbery
4655:Net bias
4477:Feminism
4396:Ugly law
4237:Catholic
4203:Policies
4046:Mortgage
4041:Lynching
3972:examples
3967:Genocide
3887:Economic
3872:Democide
3832:Bullying
3741:Romanian
3706:Nigerian
3656:Japanese
3591:Georgian
3576:Filipino
3509:Assyrian
3482:Armenian
3472:American
3467:Albanian
3447:national
3425:Yazidism
3347:Hinduism
3305:Buddhism
3200:Nepotism
3195:Misogyny
3190:Misandry
3115:Cronyism
3110:Clannism
3105:Biphobia
3045:Adultism
2956:Language
2843:a series
2841:Part of
2821:in 1952.
2756:You may
2582:de facto
2500:Eswatini
2420:Tanzania
2269:misogyny
2176:ideology
2016:The talk
1952:Snobbery
1870:Net bias
1692:Feminism
1611:Ugly law
1452:Catholic
1418:Policies
1261:Mortgage
1256:Lynching
1187:examples
1182:Genocide
1102:Economic
1087:Democide
1047:Bullying
956:Romanian
921:Nigerian
871:Japanese
806:Georgian
791:Filipino
724:Assyrian
697:Armenian
687:American
682:Albanian
662:national
640:Yazidism
562:Hinduism
520:Buddhism
415:Nepotism
410:Misogyny
405:Misandry
330:Cronyism
325:Clannism
320:Biphobia
260:Adultism
171:Language
58:a series
56:Part of
23920:Society
23906:Portals
23829:Parties
23704:Ukraine
23699:Vietnam
23609:Lebanon
23507:Germany
23497:Finland
23492:Denmark
23467:Albania
23455:Senegal
23450:Nigeria
23366:Therapy
23349:Science
23260:Biology
22788:Mizrahi
22756:Chicana
22717:Islamic
22653:Atheist
22589:Marxist
22559:Radical
22495:Liberal
22490:Lesbian
22468:Hip hop
22448:Eugenic
22389:Atheist
22362:General
22334:Wyoming
22167:General
22159:History
21902:Lesbian
21897:Khanith
21875:Gay men
21819:Asexual
21749:Sipiniq
21709:Lhamana
21694:Kathoey
21641:Calalai
21638:Calabai
21584:Rae-rae
21469:Genders
21403:Commons
21182:Figleaf
20607:Housing
20375:Turkish
20325:Pashtun
20295:Mexican
20275:Kurdish
20255:Italian
20205:Haitian
20190:Finnish
20165:Chinese
20160:Chechen
20155:Catalan
20145:Bengali
20066:African
20051:Ethnic/
20010:Judaism
20001:Sunnism
19991:Shi'ism
19907:Atheism
19740:Elitism
19629:Species
19567:Genetic
19557:Dialect
19289:102â117
18864:3210146
18483:236â239
17924:2584811
16999:. 2013.
16957:cia.gov
16224:AP News
16054:Reuters
15458:Hrw.org
15345:5044929
14394:1073402
12913:7435706
12866:4135276
12562:4418903
12539:Bibcode
12480:7816230
12110:4316075
11618:1389491
10773:4322925
10705:Hrw.org
10285:who.int
9927:9323470
9440:6703126
9010:Sources
8748:in 2012
8661:stoning
8537:. (See
8523:Haryana
8321:bulimia
8275:Fashion
8036:Finland
7814:author
7697:payment
7589:Denmark
7137:In the
7029:Chinese
6991:Spanish
6682:Ukraine
6677:Vietnam
6587:Lebanon
6485:Germany
6475:Finland
6470:Denmark
6445:Albania
6433:Senegal
6428:Nigeria
6335:Therapy
6308:science
6207:Biology
5668:Radical
5622:Liberal
5598:Eugenic
5522:Islamic
5458:Atheist
5306:Lesbian
5301:Chicana
5294:Ratchet
5289:Lesbian
5284:Hip hop
5208:Marxist
5132:Lesbian
5008:Austria
4905:British
4874:History
4608:Figleaf
4011:Housing
3771:Turkish
3721:Pashtun
3691:Mexican
3671:Kurdish
3651:Italian
3601:Haitian
3586:Finnish
3561:Chinese
3556:Chechen
3551:Catalan
3541:Bengali
3462:African
3445:Ethnic/
3398:Judaism
3389:Sunnism
3379:Shi'ism
3295:Atheism
3120:Elitism
3001:Species
2941:Genetic
2931:Dialect
2819:drivers
2625:, then
2573:divorce
2562:Tunisia
2406:colors!
2382:witches
2360:Cologne
2275:History
1823:Figleaf
1226:Housing
986:Turkish
936:Pashtun
906:Mexican
886:Kurdish
866:Italian
816:Haitian
801:Finnish
776:Chinese
771:Chechen
766:Catalan
756:Bengali
677:African
660:Ethnic/
613:Judaism
604:Sunnism
594:Shi'ism
510:Atheism
335:Elitism
216:Species
156:Genetic
146:Dialect
23948:Sexism
23843:(1967)
23767:Muslim
23762:Jewish
23740:People
23694:Turkey
23684:Taiwan
23674:Sweden
23659:Russia
23654:Poland
23639:Norway
23592:Mexico
23572:Brazil
23547:Israel
23512:Greece
23502:France
23482:Canada
23420:Africa
23327:Ethics
23186:Method
23119:Theory
23030:Racism
22795:Romani
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