Discrimination - Knowledge

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context. Under this view, failure to limit the concept of discrimination would lead to it being overinclusive; for example, since most murders occur because of some perceived difference between the perpetrator and the victim, many murders would constitute discrimination if the social salience requirement is not included. Thus this view argues that making the definition of discrimination overinclusive renders it meaningless. Conversely, other philosophers argue that discrimination should simply refer to wrongful disadvantageous treatment regardless of the social salience of the group, arguing that limiting the concept only to socially salient groups is arbitrary, as well as raising issues of determining which groups would count as socially salient. The issue of which groups should count has caused many political and social debates.

2327:. Disability discrimination, which treats non-disabled individuals as the standard of 'normal living', results in public and private places and services, educational settings, and social services that are built to serve 'standard' people, thereby excluding those with various disabilities. Studies have shown that disabled people not only need employment in order to be provided with the opportunity to earn a living but they also need employment in order to sustain their mental health and well-being. Work fulfils a number of basic needs for an individual such as collective purpose, social contact, status, and activity. A person with a disability is often found to be socially isolated and work is one way to reduce his or her isolation. In the United States, the 3974: 2531:

an average of just six seconds reviewing each résumé before making their initial "fit/no fit" screen-out decision and that a person's name is one of the six things they focus on most. France has made it illegal to view a person's name on a résumé when screening for the initial list of most qualified candidates. Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands have also experimented with name-blind summary processes. Some apparent discrimination may be explained by other factors such as name frequency. The effects of name discrimination based on a name's fluency is subtle, small and subject to significantly changing norms.

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Theoretically, gender discrimination has been described as (1) the unequal rewards that men and women receive in the workplace or academic environment because of their gender or sex difference (DiThomaso, 1989); (2) a process occurring in work or educational settings in which an individual is overtly or covertly limited access to an opportunity or a resource because of a sex or is given the opportunity or the resource reluctantly and may face harassment for picking it (Roeske & Pleck, 1983); or (3) both.

10941: 4244: 10950: 10440: 2396: 2642: 3961:. South Africa was the first country to explicitly add intersex to legislation, as part of the attribute of 'sex'. Australia was the first country to add an independent attribute, of 'intersex status'. Malta was the first to adopt a broader framework of 'sex characteristics', through legislation that also ended modifications to the sex characteristics of minors undertaken for social and cultural reasons. Global efforts such as the United Nations 4731: 4099: 2677: 2626: 86: 3843:. In Maldives, non-Muslims living and visiting the country are prohibited from openly expressing their religious beliefs, holding public congregations to conduct religious activities, or involving Maldivians in such activities. Those expressing religious beliefs other than Islam may face imprisonment of up to five years or house arrest, fines ranging from 5,000 to 20,000 rufiyaa ($ 320 to $ 1,300), and deportation. 10450: 5383:

concept of discrimination is properly applied to acts, practices or policies that meet two conditions: a) they wrongfully impose a relative disadvantage or deprivation on persons based on their membership in some salient social group, and b) the wrongfulness rests (in part) on the fact that the imposition of the disadvantage is on account of the group membership of the victims.

3862:), religious discrimination occurs when someone is denied "equal protection under the law, equality of status under the law, equal treatment in the administration of justice, and equality of opportunity and access to employment, education, housing, public services and facilities, and public accommodation because of their exercise of their right to religious freedom". 4694:. At the start of each session, each participant was assigned a color at random, either red or blue. At each round, each player learned the color assigned to his or her opponent, but nothing else about the opponent. Hargreaves-Heap and Varoufakis found that the players' behavior within a session frequently developed a discriminatory convention, giving a 4030:. Many continue to hold negative feelings towards those with non-heterosexual orientations and will discriminate against people who have them or are thought to have them. People of other uncommon sexual orientations also experience discrimination. One study found its sample of heterosexuals to be more prejudiced against 8183:

If a being suffers, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. ... This is why the limit of sentience ... is the only defensible boundary of concern for the interests of others. ... Similarly those I would call 'speciesists' give greater weight to

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Regional or geographic discrimination is a form of discrimination that is based on the region in which a person lives or the region in which a person was born. It differs from national discrimination because it may not be based on national borders or the country in which the victim lives, instead, it

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Discrimination based on a person's name may also occur, with researchers suggesting that this form of discrimination is present based on a name's meaning, its pronunciation, its uniqueness, its gender affiliation, and its racial affiliation. Research has further shown that real world recruiters spend

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definition. Under this approach, discrimination is defined as acts, practices, or policies that wrongfully impose a relative disadvantage or deprivation on persons based on their membership in a salient social group. This is a comparative definition. An individual need not be actually harmed in order

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is an international human rights instrument treaty of the United Nations. Parties to the convention are required to promote, protect, and ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by persons with disabilities and ensure that they enjoy full equality under the law. The text was adopted by the United

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in linguicism, with some asserting that speakers of dominant languages gravitate towards discrimination against speakers of other, less dominant languages, while disadvantaging themselves linguistically by remaining monolingual. According to scholar Carolyn McKinley, this phenomenon is most present

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s a reasonable first approximation, we can say that discrimination consists of acts, practices, or policies that impose a relative disadvantage on persons based on their membership in a salient social group. e can refine the first-approximation account of discrimination and say that the moralized

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under which minority groups have had less access to privileges enjoyed by the majority group. In such cases it is intended to remove discrimination that minority groups may already face. Reverse discrimination can be defined as the unequal treatment of members of the majority groups resulting from

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and his Nazi party between 1933 and 1945. They were forced to live in ghettos, wear an identifying star of David on their clothes, and sent to concentration and death camps in rural Germany and Poland, where they were to be tortured and killed, all because of their Jewish religion. Many laws (most

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specifically). It is sometimes referred to as bound together with racial discrimination although it can be separate. It may vary from laws that stop refusals of hiring based on nationality, asking questions regarding origin, to prohibitions of firing, forced retirement, compensation and pay, etc.,

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or age discrimination is discrimination and stereotyping based on the grounds of someone's age. It is a set of beliefs, norms, and values which used to justify discrimination or subordination based on a person's age. Ageism is most often directed toward elderly people, or adolescents and children.

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in all parts of the world, including some, where such discrimination is generally decried. In some places, countervailing measures such as quotas have been used to redress the balance in favor of those who are believed to be current or past victims of discrimination. These attempts have often been

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is a "predilection for homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality". Like most minority groups, homosexuals and bisexuals are vulnerable to prejudice and discrimination from the majority group. They may experience hatred from others because of their sexuality; a term for such hatred based upon

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than others for some arbitrary reason. If someone decides to donate to help orphan children, but decides to donate less, say, to children of a particular race out of a racist attitude, he or she will be acting in a discriminatory way even if he or she actually benefits the people he discriminates

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Philosophers have debated as to how inclusive the definition of discrimination should be. Some philosophers have argued that discrimination should only refer to wrongful or disadvantageous treatment in the context of a socially salient group (such as race, gender, sexuality etc.) within a given

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GENDER OR SEX DISCRIMINATION: This term refers to the types of gender bias that have a negative impact. The term has legal, as well as theoretical and psychological, definitions. Psychological consequences can be more readily inferred from the latter, but both definitions are of significance.

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captured the idea of language-based discrimination as linguicism, which was defined as "ideologies and structures which are used to legitimize, effectuate, and reproduce unequal divisions of power and resources (both material and non-material) between groups which are defined on the basis of

2243:, measured comparable ratios in Belgium. They found that age discrimination is heterogeneous by the activity older candidates undertook during their additional post-educational years. In Belgium, they are only discriminated if they have more years of inactivity or irrelevant employment. 4361: 2109:. Discrimination typically leads to groups being unfairly treated on the basis of perceived statuses based on ethnic, racial, gender or religious categories. It involves depriving members of one group of opportunities or privileges that are available to members of another group. 4371: 4387:

prohibits insults towards a group because of its race, religion, sexual orientation (straight or gay), handicap (somatically, mental or psychiatric) in public or by speech, by writing or by a picture. Maximum imprisonment one year of imprisonment or a fine of the third

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states, in the workplace, preferential treatment is given to full citizens, even though many of them lack experience or motivation to do the job. State benefits are also generally available for citizens only. Westerners might also get paid more than other expatriates.

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should prevail. In some societies, including most developed countries, each individual's civil rights include the right to be free from government sponsored social discrimination. Due to a belief in the capacity to perceive pain or suffering shared by all animals,

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is based on prejudices against a specific region of one or more countries. Examples include discrimination against Chinese people who were born in regions of the countryside that are far away from cities that are located within China, and discrimination against

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Article 137e part 1 prohibits publishing a discriminatory statement, other than in formal message, or hands over an object (that contains discriminatory information) otherwise than on his request. Maximum imprisonment is 6 months or a fine of the third

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or social category. Before this sense of the word became almost universal, it was a synonym for discernment, tact and culture as in "taste and discrimination", generally a laudable attribute; to "discriminate against" being commonly disparaged.

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Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other

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people could hold were imposed by Christian authorities. Local rulers and church officials closed many professions to religious Jews, pushing them into marginal roles that were considered socially inferior, such as tax and rent collecting and

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language". Although different names have been given to this form of discrimination, they all hold the same definition. Linguistic discrimination is culturally and socially determined due to preference for one use of language over others.

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as reverse discrimination became popular in the early- to mid-1970s, a time period that focused on under-representation and action policies intended to remedy the effects of past discrimination in both government and the business world.

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option to the game, and found that disadvantaged players usually cooperated with each other, while advantaged players usually did not. They state that while the equilibria reached in the original hawk-dove game are predicted by

2509:, conversely disadvantaging the majority of Africa's population who hold varying level of fluency in the European languages spoken across the continent. Scholars have also noted impact of the linguistic dominance of English on 2724:

in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. It has been official government policy in several countries, such as

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based on sexual orientation varies by country. Revealing a lesbian sexual orientation (by means of mentioning an engagement in a rainbow organisation or by mentioning one's partner name) lowers employment opportunities in

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is driven by self-interest and is aimed at obtaining material resources (e.g., food, territory, customers) for the in-group (e.g., favoring an in-group in order to obtain more resources for its members, including the

7171: 4516: 2546: 2239:, found that firms are more than 40% more likely to interview a young adult job applicant than an older job applicant. In Europe, Stijn Baert, Jennifer Norga, Yannick Thuy and Marieke Van Hecke, researchers at 2568:

Discrimination on the basis of nationality may show as a "level of acceptance" in a sport or work team regarding new team members and employees who differ from the nationality of the majority of team members.

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discrimination affects an estimated 250 million people worldwide and is mainly prevalent in parts of Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Japan) and Africa. As of 2011, there were 200 million

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is driven by the need for self-esteem and is aimed at achieving a positive social status for the in-group relative to comparable out-groups (e.g., favoring an in-group in order to make it better than an

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and Greece but overall, it has no negative effect in Sweden and Belgium. In the latter country, even a positive effect of revealing a lesbian sexual orientation is found for women at their fertile ages.

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Discrimination occurs when a person is unable to enjoy his or her human rights or other legal rights on an equal basis with others because of an unjustified distinction made in policy, law or treatment.

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and workplace discrimination. Some have also legalized same-sex marriage or civil unions in order to grant same-sex couples the same protections and benefits as opposite-sex couples. In 2011, the

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played the aggressive "hawk" strategy against players of the other, "disadvantaged" color, who played the acquiescent "dove" strategy against the advantaged color. Players of both colors used a

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by Iraqis against a gay family member are common and given some legal protection. In August 2009, Human Rights Watch published an extensive report detailing torture of men accused of being

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This moralized definition of discrimination is distinct from a non-moralized definition - in the former, discrimination is wrong by definition, whereas in the latter, this is not the case.

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that may be seen as discrimination. It is started by describing a "natural" social order. It is distinguished between the fundamental principle of fascism and social democracy. The

8031: 4719:, they hypothesize that a norm of differing entitlements emerges across the two groups, and that this norm could define a "fairness" equilibrium within the disadvantaged group. 7481: 6737:

racism: Belief that humans are subdivided into distinct groups that are different in their social behavior and innate capacities and that can be ranked as superior or inferior.

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racism: Belief that humans are subdivided into distinct groups that are different in their social behavior and innate capacities and that can be ranked as superior or inferior.

4679:(2013) argues that "discrimination based on utterly arbitrary characteristics evolves quickly and systematically in the experimental laboratory", and that neither classical 4173:

is discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group. Groups may be defined in terms of

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Part 2 increases the maximum imprisonment to two years and the maximum fine category to 4, when the crime is committed as a habit or is committed by two or more persons.

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Nations General Assembly on December 13, 2006, and opened for signature on March 30, 2007. Following ratification by the 20th party, it came into force on May 3, 2008.

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Religious discrimination is valuing or treating people or groups differently because of what they do or do not believe in or because of their feelings towards a given

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is driven by the need for accuracy and reflects stable and legitimate intergroup status hierarchies (e.g., favoring a high-status in-group because it is high status).

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MacInnis, Cara C.; Hodson, Gordon (2012). "Intergroup bias toward "Group X": Evidence of prejudice, dehumanization, avoidance, and discrimination against asexuals".

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Part 2 increases the maximum imprisonment to one year and the maximum fine category to 4, when the crime is committed as a habit or committed by two or more persons.

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Rubin, M.; Hewstone, M.; et al. (2004). "Social identity, system justification, and social dominance: Commentary on Reicher, Jost et al., and Sidanius et al".

7194:"OII-Europe applauds Malta's Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act. This is a landmark case for intersex rights within European law reform" 6418: 9929: 1522: 2521:

being "locked in a conceptual framework grounded in English" which prevents academia as a whole from reaching a "more universal, culture-independent perspective".

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usage as an understanding of prejudicial treatment of an individual based solely on their race, later generalized as membership in a certain socially undesirable

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Shaun Hargreaves-Heap; Yanis Varoufakis (July 2002), "Some experimental evidence on the evolution of discrimination, co-operation and perceptions of fairness",

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Racial and ethnic discrimination differentiates individuals on the basis of real and perceived racial and ethnic differences and leads to various forms of the

563: 4538: 4523:. The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on December 21, 1965, and entered into force on January 4, 1969. 4468:

of 1968 prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of housing based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability. The

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stance on discrimination includes the statement: "Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection." The

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Religious discrimination. A neglected issue. A consultation sponsored by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, Washington. D.C., April 9–10, 1979

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Article 137f prohibits supporting discriminatory activities by giving money or goods. Maximum imprisonment is 3 months or a fine of the second category.

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Proceedings of the 14th International Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies (RAIS) Conference at the Erdman Center of Princeton University

2549:(CERD) does not prohibit discrimination by nationality, citizenship or naturalization but forbids discrimination "against any particular nationality". 4635: 4605:

Based on realistic-conflict theory and social-identity theory, Rubin and Hewstone have highlighted a distinction among three types of discrimination:

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for homosexual activity, and two do in some regions of the country. In the report, this is described as "State sponsored homophobia". This happens in

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government of South Africa used racially discriminatory agendas for their political ends. This practice continues with some present day governments.

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Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation.

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Mechanisms Underlying Nationality-Based Discrimination in Teams. A Quasi-Experiment Testing Predictions From Social Psychology and Microeconomics

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mandates the provision of equality of access to both buildings and services and is paralleled by similar acts in other countries, such as the

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The Anti-discrimination laws of most countries allow and make exceptions for discrimination based on nationality and immigration status. The

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Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice, University of New Haven

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Article 137d prohibits provoking to discrimination or hate against the group described above. Same penalties apply as in article 137c.

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In a 1979 consultation on the issue, the United States commission on civil rights defined religious discrimination in relation to the

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regions of the United States. It is often accompanied by discrimination that is based on accent, dialect, or cultural differences.

475: 363: 7860: 7830: 7809: 7776: 7499: 7080: 4423:– makes discrimination against women or men, including discrimination on the grounds of marital status, illegal in the workplace. 4335: 4085:

since 2006, same-sex unions are often condemned as "un-African". Research conducted in 2009 shows 86% of black lesbians from the

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Clayton, Thomas (1998). "Building the New Cambodia: Educational Destruction and Construction under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979".

11695: 11685: 10730: 10425: 9151: 8922: 8740: 8725: 8720: 8566: 3944: 3889: 3349: 3314: 3191: 3121: 3067: 2034: 730: 485: 303: 288: 283: 113: 6463: 4081:, including the blocking of men's anuses with glue and then giving the men laxatives. Although gay marriage has been legal in 3802:. For instance, the Jewish population of Germany, and indeed a large portion of Europe, was subjected to discrimination under 10453: 8982: 8705: 8387: 8297: 8176: 7652: 7018: 6914: 6815: 6730: 6702: 6677: 5529: 5423: 4870: 4715:, game theory does not explain the emergence of cooperation in the disadvantaged group. Citing earlier psychological work of 4500: 4217:

preferential policies, as in college admissions or employment, intended to remedy earlier discrimination against minorities.

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prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of caste, religion, sex, race or place of birth etc. Similarly, the

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prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935) separated those of Jewish faith as supposedly inferior to the Christian population.

9488: 8805: 8617: 7596: 7578: 2058: 1075: 368: 172: 6300:"Matched-Names Analysis Reveals No Evidence of Name-Meaning Effects: A Collaborative Commentary on Silberzahn and Uhlmann" 2250:, England, 29% of respondents stated that they had suffered from age discrimination. This is a higher proportion than for 2085:

between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as

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for speakers of different languages and a global means for clarifying, elucidating, storing, and comparing ideas" (194) (

5448: 5368: 4880: 4530:(CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Described as an international 4093: 3982: 3467: 3236: 3161: 2991: 2936: 2540: 2198: 1735: 1391: 1304: 1195: 857: 675: 293: 278: 6572:

Carmichael, F.; Woods, R. (2000). "Ethnic Penalties in Unemployment and Occupational Attainment: Evidence for Britain".

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In 2002, Varoufakis and Shaun Hargreaves-Heap ran an experiment where volunteers played a computer-mediated, multiround

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Tajfel, H.; Turner, J. C. (1979). "An integrative theory of intergroup conflict". In Austin, W.G.; Worchel, S. (eds.).

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Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination: Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions

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Hurwitz, Michael (2011). "The impact of legacy status on undergraduate admissions at elite colleges and universities".

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Prohibition of Discrimination in Products, Services and Entry into Places of Entertainment and Public Places Law, 2000

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Laham, Simon (December 9, 2011). "The name-pronunciation effect: Why people like Mr. Smith more than Mr. Colquhoun".

6028: 3625: 3531: 3344: 3284: 3241: 3221: 3146: 3091: 3086: 2981: 2951: 2849: 2106: 929: 762: 224: 202: 8064: 5812:"The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law" 3917:, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster 3854:. Whereas religious civil liberties, such as the right to hold or not to hold a religious belief, are essential for 11542: 11464: 10087: 9924: 9824: 9283: 9173: 7167: 6082: 5346: 5321: 5010: 4591: 4234: 3603: 3500: 3211: 3201: 3136: 2754: 1688: 1517: 1411: 862: 752: 6365:"Racial Discrimination and Nationality and Migration Exceptions: Reconciling CERD and the Race Equality Directive" 6268:

Smith, Jacquelyn (November 4, 2014). "Here's What Recruiters Look At In The 6 Seconds They Spend On Your Résumé".

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are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of

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We welcome the Senate Inquiry report on the Exposure Draft of the Human Rights and Anti-Discrimination Bill 2012

5604: 2497:; African states are also noted as instituting European languages as the main medium of instruction, instead of 8815: 8343:

Adam, Heribert (July 1, 1996). "Anti-Semitism and Anti-Black Racism: Nazi Germany and Apartheid South Africa".

7464: 6932: 6019:'Mother Tongue': The Theoretical and Sociopolitical Construction of a Concept". In Ammon, Ulrich (ed.) (1989). 5272: 4280: 4073:

issued a reported titled "Iraq: Male homosexuality still a taboo". The article stated, among other things that

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Easton, Stephen (June 30, 2017). "Blind recruiting study suggests positive discrimination common in the APS".

4126:, have passed measures to alleviate discrimination against sexual minorities, including laws against anti-gay 3823:". The number of Jews who were permitted to reside in different places was limited; they were concentrated in 3571: 528: 10760: 10511: 10356: 10072: 8795: 6078: 5225: 3993: 3672: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3384: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3319: 3309: 3231: 3216: 3196: 3116: 3101: 3096: 3048: 3043: 3028: 3023: 2921: 2455:. Based on a difference in use of language, a person may automatically form judgments about another person's 1965: 1673: 358: 11537: 8184:

their own species when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those of other species.

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era. Discriminatory policies towards ethnic minorities include the race-based discrimination against ethnic

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Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (September 19, 2008).

6535:"Deciphering the 'Ethnic Penalty' of Immigrants in Western Europe: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis" 5617: 2231:

Age discrimination in hiring has been shown to exist in the United States. Joanna Lahey, professor at The

10267: 10119: 9538: 9141: 9087: 4420: 4295: 4285: 4194: 4107: 3733: 3536: 3452: 3427: 3422: 3151: 2961: 2701: 2187:, the action of recognizing someone as 'different' so much that they are treated inhumanly and degraded. 1876: 1720: 1125: 720: 658: 5693: 4655:. This theory describes difference as deviance from the norm, which results in internal devaluation and 19:

This article is about prejudicial treatment. For the ability to distinguish one thing from another, see

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egalitarianism maintains that the interests of every individual (regardless of their species), warrant

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published a report based on research carried out by Daniel Ottosson at Södertörn University College in

3847: 3755: 2854: 1985: 742: 413: 118: 7135: 5443: 5363: 2708:, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or 10780: 10720: 9729: 9543: 9445: 9330: 8999: 8967: 8627: 8561: 7984:"Civil Rights Act of 1964 – CRA – Title VII – Equal Employment Opportunities – 42 US Code Chapter 21" 5298: 5251: 5110: 4313: 4307: 4255: 4037: 3637: 3581: 2557: 2432: 2420: 2413: 2310: 2262:, social psychology professor at the university, concluded that ageism is the most pervasive form of 1316: 1130: 1024: 909: 570: 538: 182: 108: 8314: 7413: 6220: 3973: 10795: 10541: 9989: 9877: 9724: 9493: 9430: 9260: 9215: 9077: 8962: 8944: 8880: 8810: 8684: 5518:

Kirkpatrick, George R.; Katsiaficas, George N.; Kirkpatrick, Robert George; Mary Lou Emery (1987).

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Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, "Private Discrimination: A Prioritarian, Desert-Accommodating Account",

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when playing against players assigned the same color as their own. The experimenters then added a

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The International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities (ICCAR) launched by UNESCO in 2004

11690: 11680: 11342: 10849: 10443: 10272: 10252: 10114: 10104: 10062: 9692: 9533: 9395: 9365: 9360: 9310: 9240: 9225: 9158: 9131: 9116: 8519: 4915: 4905: 4558: 4519:(ICERD) is a United Nations convention. The Convention commits its members to the elimination of 4436: 2367: 2355: 2082: 1881: 1861: 1715: 1705: 1663: 1279: 1120: 974: 944: 939: 889: 819: 804: 737: 710: 695: 69: 9340: 7672: 7621: 6607:

Dennis, Rutledge M. (1995). "Social Darwinism, scientific racism, and the metaphysics of race".

4435:– consolidates, updates and supplements the prior Acts and Regulations that formed the basis of 3929:. Gender discrimination may encompass sexism and is discrimination toward people based on their 919: 11650: 11454: 11444: 11065: 10940: 10371: 10344: 10334: 9814: 9794: 9657: 9528: 9425: 9375: 9345: 9325: 9255: 9235: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9111: 9082: 9055: 9031: 9026: 8612: 8602: 7408: 6906: 6089: 4975: 4935: 4845: 4775: 4684: 4384: 4170: 4143: 3704: 3667: 3652: 2769: 2765: 2742: 2630: 2494: 2481: 2118: 1980: 1953: 1943: 1401: 1381: 1244: 1115: 1004: 954: 924: 904: 834: 814: 789: 784: 779: 690: 653: 626: 602: 597: 167: 157: 35: 8471: 8168: 8136: 7444: 6665: 6534: 5519: 11439: 11202: 10765: 10580: 10516: 10339: 10299: 10232: 10129: 10077: 10004: 9759: 9523: 9435: 9410: 9405: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9320: 9270: 9230: 9136: 9106: 9009: 8622: 8489: 5766: 5647: 5169: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5015: 4995: 4930: 4850: 4830: 4707: 4520: 4449: 4426: 4339: 4149: 3642: 3553: 2590: 2423:(also called glottophobia, linguicism and languagism) is unfair treatment of people based on 2086: 1948: 1908: 1841: 1730: 1678: 1597: 1346: 1110: 1014: 989: 984: 969: 964: 959: 899: 849: 809: 715: 685: 580: 177: 7248: 7038: 6898: 6835: 5963: 3933:

or their gender or sex differences. Gender discrimination is especially defined in terms of

2201:

and other international bodies work towards helping ending discrimination around the world.

11532: 11449: 11434: 11328: 10800: 10210: 9744: 9618: 9335: 9295: 9245: 9220: 9041: 9004: 8735: 8597: 8405: 7332:"Sexual orientation discrimination in the Cypriot labour market. Distastes or uncertainty?" 6775: 5717:"Factors Affecting the Acceptance of People with Disabilities at Work: A Literature Review" 5090: 5065: 4985: 4820: 4815: 4770: 4070: 3934: 3677: 3646: 2814: 2607: 2474: 2440: 2379: 2112:

Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices and laws exist in many countries and

1819: 1331: 1205: 914: 874: 824: 799: 612: 575: 298: 152: 7097: 6081:(NSM), the universally convertible currency of communication, which can serve as a common 4057:. This research found that of the 80 countries around the world that continue to consider 8: 11622: 10996: 10884: 10710: 10693: 10637: 10612: 10503: 10479: 10386: 10247: 9882: 9784: 9764: 9553: 9461: 9420: 9400: 9370: 9265: 9060: 8875: 7931: 7295:

Drydakis, Nick (2011). "Women's Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Outcomes in Greece".

6833: 6073:

Anna Wierzbicka, Professor of Linguistics, Australian National University and author of '

5474: 5115: 5035: 4970: 4213: 4078: 3988: 3957: 3948: 3855: 3689: 2824: 2789: 2645: 2510: 2498: 2490: 1995: 1856: 1475: 1371: 1351: 1140: 1048: 999: 979: 949: 844: 631: 438: 5671: 5605:

Getting Grey Hairs in the Labour Market: An Alternative Experiment on Age Discrimination

5161: 2634: 11547: 11527: 11492: 11482: 11100: 11081: 11011: 10920: 10790: 10682: 10632: 10585: 10553: 10536: 10159: 10154: 10144: 10092: 10082: 10057: 9999: 9957: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9769: 9072: 8422: 8360: 7503: 7426: 7361: 7331: 7312: 7277: 6624: 6589: 6554: 6386: 6330: 6201: 6162: 6127: 5859: 5842: 5789: 5744: 5666: 5070: 5040: 4785: 4755: 4414: 4221: 4206: 4062: 4022: 3787: 3711: 3630: 2879: 2602: 2371: 2285: 2247: 2153: 1760: 1755: 1745: 1693: 1683: 1658: 1592: 1550: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1356: 643: 6749: 3782: 2470:

Linguistic discrimination was at first considered an act of racism. In the mid-1980s,

2183:

against by donating some money to them. Discrimination also develops into a source of

11552: 11388: 11041: 11006: 10815: 10570: 10418: 10329: 10257: 10242: 10041: 9984: 9789: 9697: 9588: 9508: 9355: 8652: 8456: 8383: 8364: 8293: 8239: 8172: 8039: 7648: 7316: 7048: 7014: 6982: 6972: 6949: 6910: 6899: 6811: 6726: 6698: 6673: 6593: 6558: 6390: 6322: 6119: 6024: 5945: 5887: 5793: 5736: 5525: 5419: 5342: 5317: 5105: 4990: 4910: 4855: 4810: 4432: 4349: 4343: 4154: 4054: 4008: 3918: 3909:

is a form of discrimination based on a person's sex or gender. It has been linked to

2819: 2721: 2332: 2027: 1938: 1866: 1851: 1634: 1577: 1376: 1284: 1175: 1095: 934: 207: 8426: 7430: 7365: 7078: 6334: 6131: 5748: 4456:) – prohibits wage discrimination by employers and labor organizations based on sex. 3965:

is also aimed at ending all forms of discrimination on the basis of gender and sex.

11608: 11314: 11252: 11147: 10677: 10652: 10563: 10558: 10381: 10366: 10294: 10215: 10185: 10016: 9852: 9558: 9126: 9121: 8972: 8870: 8414: 8352: 8325: 8243: 8235: 8162: 7418: 7351: 7343: 7304: 7281: 7269: 6941: 6616: 6581: 6546: 6460: 6376: 6314: 6235: 6205: 6193: 6166: 6154: 6111: 5937: 5910: 5883: 5854: 5823: 5781: 5728: 4920: 4765: 4695: 4676: 4465: 3840: 3598: 2839: 2734: 2681: 2448: 2424: 2298: 2240: 2157: 1990: 1975: 1903: 1824: 1794: 1609: 1445: 1145: 705: 700: 543: 433: 8380:

Economic Indeterminacy: A personal encounter with the economists' peculiar nemesis

7695:"What is Article 15 of the Indian Constitution? Important Features and Provisions" 4069:

states, or in two cases regions under Islamic authority. On February 5, 2005, the

11582: 11508: 11182: 11088: 10986: 10915: 10745: 10662: 10396: 10304: 10200: 10149: 10009: 9994: 9974: 9939: 9652: 9563: 9498: 9305: 9250: 9036: 8895: 7579:"Raped and killed for being a lesbian: South Africa ignores 'corrective' attacks" 7386: 7308: 7142: 6467: 6422: 6404:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

5625: 5592: 5584: 5572: 5398:, 43, 817-856 (2006); Oscar Horta, "Discrimination in Terms of Moral Exclusion", 5030: 5025: 4648: 4578: 4570: 4517:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

4186: 4103: 3930: 3926: 3745: 3662: 2547:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

2452: 2404: 2363: 2005: 1913: 1809: 1750: 1602: 1587: 1567: 1532: 1239: 1150: 1085: 884: 829: 607: 458: 5551:

Wilkinson J and Ferraro K, "Thirty Years of Ageism Research". In Nelson T (ed).

11592: 11587: 11557: 11379: 11071: 10925: 10820: 10735: 10725: 10715: 10642: 10546: 10472: 10391: 10349: 10319: 10309: 10227: 10220: 10205: 10195: 10031: 9967: 9909: 9904: 9889: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9548: 9483: 9014: 8987: 8840: 6158: 5517: 4860: 4780: 4736: 4703: 4691: 4574: 4531: 4131: 4074: 3820: 3610: 2869: 2717: 2693: 2685: 2598: 2514: 2428: 2259: 2194: 2134: 2000: 1958: 1928: 1918: 1836: 1829: 1814: 1804: 1624: 1560: 1502: 1497: 1482: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1135: 1070: 585: 558: 403: 8378:

Yanis Varoufakis (2013). "Chapter 11: Evolving domination in the laboratory".

7551: 6550: 6381: 6364: 6197: 5732: 3839:. Furthermore, private non-Muslim religious gatherings might be raided by the 11674: 11324: 11222: 11026: 10976: 10825: 10531: 10403: 10026: 9962: 9947: 9809: 9774: 9754: 9625: 9568: 9503: 8917: 8820: 8043: 7347: 7273: 6986: 6801: 6318: 6239: 6115: 6085: 5949: 5941: 5827: 5715:

Vornholt, Katharina; Sjir Uitdewilligen; Frans J.N. Nijhuis (December 2013).

5005: 4955: 4925: 4716: 4699: 4656: 4123: 4058: 3978: 3521: 2884: 2874: 2844: 2615: 2464: 2012: 1619: 1555: 1540: 1396: 1361: 1341: 1212: 1155: 1090: 480: 383: 53: 8418: 8329: 7399:

Baert, Stijn (2014). "Career lesbians. Getting hired for not having kids?".

6585: 5760: 5758: 5714: 5196: 4429:– provides more scope for redressing all forms of discriminatory imbalances. 11632: 11567: 11172: 11061: 11046: 10755: 10687: 10667: 10657: 10647: 10617: 10237: 10124: 9952: 9919: 9899: 9829: 9819: 9799: 9779: 9415: 9315: 9300: 9046: 9021: 8885: 8825: 8790: 8755: 8750: 8158: 7159: 7079:

Christina Macfarlane, Sean Coppack and James Masters (September 12, 2019).

6326: 6123: 5811: 5740: 5564: 5000: 4795: 4790: 4760: 4159: 4086: 4082: 4004: 3831:

are not allowed to publicly practice their religions and they cannot enter

3816: 3803: 3699: 3694: 3682: 3657: 2745:

moved to Australia and the United States, where they faced discrimination.

2726: 2611: 2236: 2161: 2133:

appeared in the early 17th century in the English language. It is from the

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

4342:

guarantees several rights to all citizens irrespective of gender, such as

2625: 2505:

reports have noted that this has historically benefitted only the African

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Nakdimen, K. A. (1984). "The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping".

5785: 5755: 5130: 5120: 5050: 4800: 4680: 4190: 4127: 3914: 3893: 2738: 2697: 2553: 2506: 2359: 2113: 1740: 1700: 1668: 1527: 1487: 1321: 1234: 1185: 1160: 1060: 747: 470: 453: 408: 323: 5843:"How meritocracy is defined today?: Contemporary aspects of meritocracy" 4886:

Discrimination against members of the armed forces in the United Kingdom

4346:

under Article 14, right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.

4243: 3865: 11627: 11413: 11294: 11289: 11167: 11051: 11031: 11021: 11001: 10955: 10930: 10900: 10785: 10607: 10597: 10413: 10408: 10289: 10284: 10180: 10164: 10021: 9914: 9872: 9834: 9642: 9630: 9603: 9593: 9513: 8934: 8929: 8900: 8835: 8674: 8494: 8356: 7356: 6628: 6298:

Silberzhan, Raphael; Simonsohn, Uri; Uhlmann, Eric (February 4, 2014).

5140: 5055: 5045: 4965: 4960: 4945: 4840: 4750: 4652: 4595: 4174: 4115: 4111: 4031: 4027: 4016: 3910: 3877: 2829: 2518: 2436: 2395: 2316: 2184: 2022: 2017: 1898: 1893: 1789: 1765: 1614: 1507: 1465: 1421: 1229: 1217: 1190: 1180: 1100: 497: 492: 463: 398: 229: 7422: 7389:

Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation Working Paper Series 21.

2641: 11597: 11577: 11562: 11497: 11403: 11398: 11367: 11357: 11319: 11257: 11237: 11177: 11152: 10314: 10262: 9979: 9578: 8700: 8402: 7044: 5452:(Summer 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 5372:(Summer 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 5135: 4950: 4664: 4178: 2859: 2761: 2730: 2709: 2705: 2649: 2460: 2324: 2263: 1923: 1871: 1572: 1165: 263: 10949: 7380:

Are gays and lesbians discriminated against in the hiring situation?

6761:

Levine, Bertram. (2005). "Not All Black and White". J. Cropp (Ed.),

6620: 5981: 5415:

Anti-Discriminatory Practice: Equality, Diversity and Social Justice

4098: 2676: 11517: 11487: 11408: 11352: 11304: 11279: 11261: 11197: 11162: 11133: 11115: 11110: 11093: 11056: 11036: 10672: 10521: 10279: 10109: 10036: 9687: 9613: 9518: 9478: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8710: 8506: 8382:. Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy. Routledge. p. 13. 8167:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 5998:. The Legal Aid Society-Employment Law Center. 2002. Archived from 5914: 4940: 4805: 4745: 4651:, takes form as mental categorization of minorities and the use of 4587: 4198: 4012: 3940: 3885: 3881: 3799: 2619: 2471: 2375: 2219: 2174: 1888: 1710: 1629: 1274: 1200: 1105: 1065: 428: 423: 418: 343: 338: 333: 273: 8107: 7100:, Republic of South Africa, Vol. 487, Cape Town, January 11, 2006. 5834: 5805: 5803: 4730: 2439:(whether or not the speaker uses complex and varied words), their 11617: 11459: 11425: 11393: 11362: 11309: 11284: 11232: 11212: 11207: 11187: 11157: 11120: 11105: 11016: 10981: 10841: 10622: 8785: 8679: 8659: 8632: 8607: 8511: 7445:

New Benefits for Same-Sex Couples May Be Hard to Implement Abroad

6102:

Silberzhan, Raphael (May 19, 2013). "It Pays to be Herr Kaiser".

6041: 6039: 6037: 5921: 5894: 5867: 5100: 5095: 5020: 4865: 2804: 2400: 2320: 2102: 348: 234: 214: 187: 162: 85: 7081:"FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist" 6221:"Are Emily and Brendan More Employable than Lakisha and Jamaal?" 6182:"The "name game": affective and hiring reactions to first names" 5339:

The Macquarie Concise Thesaurus — Australia's National Thesaurus

2467:, character or other traits, which may lead to discrimination. 2178:

to be discriminated against. He or she just needs to be treated

11522: 11347: 11217: 11076: 10910: 10740: 9739: 8765: 8664: 8642: 8637: 8587: 7958:"Equal Pay Act of 1963 – EPA – 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8 § 206(d)" 5800: 5642: 4182: 4066: 4042: 3951:. Multiple jurisdictions now protect individuals on grounds of 3906: 3871: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3791: 3788:

expelled its Hindu population or forced it to leave the country

2713: 2586: 2502: 2486: 2456: 2444: 2281: 2255: 2251: 2224: 2215: 2094: 2090: 1326: 328: 219: 197: 192: 142: 7482:"ILGA:7 countries still put people to death for same-sex acts" 6034: 2684:

child at a segregated drinking fountain on a courthouse lawn,

11247: 11192: 11142: 10873: 10495: 9749: 8592: 7861:"wetten.nl – Regeling – Wetboek van Strafrecht – BWBR0001854" 7831:"wetten.nl – Regeling – Wetboek van Strafrecht – BWBR0001854" 7810:"wetten.nl – Regeling – Wetboek van Strafrecht – BWBR0001854" 7777:"wetten.nl – Regeling – Wetboek van Strafrecht – BWBR0001854" 5316:. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Clarendon Press. p. 758. 4660: 3832: 2294: 2289: 2275: 1336: 147: 8315:"The Theory of Fear / Chapter 3 / States and Social Control" 6695:

Sociology : exploring the architecture of everyday life

6565: 3981:

carrying a banner with the flags of over 70 countries where

2513:; scholar Anna Wierzbicka has described disciplines such as 16:

Prejudicial treatment based on membership in a certain group

11572: 11299: 10361: 10190: 6508:"'Western workers favoured in UAE', survey respondents say" 6077:, The Hazards of English as a Default Language, written in 4825: 3922: 3811: 2383: 1970: 1799: 8268:

Keith E Rice's Integrated SocioPsychology Blog & Pages

6297: 5511: 4495:

Important UN documents addressing discrimination include:

4486:

Racism still occurs in a widespread manner in real estate.

3937:. It may arise from social or cultural customs and norms. 2366:. Discrimination of excellence due to violation of formal 10770: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6015:

Quoted in Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, and Phillipson, Robert,

5603:

Baert, S., Norga, J., Thuy, Y., Van Hecke, M. (In press)

4202: 2427:

and the characteristics of their speech, including their

10464: 7458:"ILGA: 2009 Report on State Sponsored Homophobia (2009)" 6482:"Emiratisation won't work if people don't want to learn" 6023:, p. 455. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 5553:

Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons

5471:"United Nations CyberSchoolBus: What is discrimination?" 8151: 8083:"Global Forum against Racism and Discrimination UNESCO" 7907:"Chapter 1: Introduction and overview of the programme" 7739:"Pawan Khera arrest | Section 153A: its use and misuse" 6571: 6021:

Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties

4594:

with the interests of humans, and that not doing so is

4372:

Law of Equal Rights for Persons with Disabilities, 1998

2173:

Moral philosophers have defined discrimination using a

7645:

Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, Volume 1

6723:

Sociology: exploring the architecture of everyday life

6635: 5696:. International Dalit Solidarity Network. May 29, 2013 5694:"India: Official Dalit population exceeds 200 million" 2451:

in France will probably be treated differently from a

4539:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

4134:

passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights.

3866:

Sex, sex characteristics, gender, and gender identity

10945: 7378:

Ahmed, A. M., Andersson, L., Hammarstedt, M. (2011)

5191: 5189: 4726: 4698:

where players of one color (the "advantaged" color)

4472:

is charged with administering and enforcing the Act.

6606: 5816:

International Journal of Discrimination and the Law

5162:"What drives discrimination and how do we stop it?" 4534:

for women, it came into force on September 3, 1981.

4118:

of discrimination, in different parts of the world.

7671:. Canadian Human Rights Commission. Archived from 7036: 6049:"Single dominant tongue keeps inequality in place" 6047: 4228: 3827:and banned from owning land. In Saudi Arabia, non- 10325:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 8472:Employment discrimination –Topics.law.cornell.edu 6971:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. 5767:"Discrimination of Excellence: A Research Agenda" 5186: 4639:An anti-discrimination education workshop at the 4166:" ("Do you want a spot? Pass the entrance exam!") 1934:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 11672: 8377: 6790:Did Discrimination Enhance Intelligence of Jews? 6776:"Accent Discrimination Law and Legal Definition" 6765:, 193-218. London: University of Missouri Press. 6725:(9th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. p. 405. 6697:(9th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. p. 405. 6479: 5764: 5061:Psychological impact of discrimination on health 3898:Discrimination against non-binary gender persons 2403:sometimes spray-paint or shoot traffic signs in 2117:met with controversy, and sometimes been called 9985:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 7565:South African gangs use rape to "cure" lesbians 5928:Sauder, Michael (2020). "A Sociology of Luck". 4122:A number of countries, especially those in the 2156:the term "discrimination" generally evolved in 2081:is the process of making unfair or prejudicial 1578:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 9467:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 7259: 7098:Judicial Matters Amendment Act, No. 22 of 2005 6810:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 63–64. 6362: 5437: 5435: 5336: 4552:Global Forum against Racism and Discrimination 3810:Restrictions on the types of occupations that 2489:, where the majority of the population speaks 2370:can be caused by different reasons, including 1054:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 10857: 10480: 8527: 8225: 8213:The social psychology of intergroup relations 7147:Organisation Intersex International Australia 5567:. youthrights.org. Retrieved April 11, 2012. 5555:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002 5311: 5250:Introduction to sociology. 7th ed. New York: 5197:"Discrimination: What it is, and how to cope" 4417:– provides for equal pay for comparable work. 3819:, occupations that were only tolerated as a " 3763: 2301:(formerly known as "untouchables") in India. 2059: 8264:"Prejudice & Discrimination Theories #2" 8215:. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 33–47. 8210: 6804:'s account of her attempt to enter Mecca in 6686: 6670:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society 5989:"Language Discrimination: Your Legal Rights" 4546: 4470:Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity 4110:. Regional variation exists with respect to 4034:than against homosexual or bisexual people. 2233:Bush School of Government and Public Service 34:"Bigot" redirects here. For other uses, see 9683:List of people killed for being transgender 8065:"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 7218: 7186: 6795: 6792:". National Geographic News. July 18, 2005 5432: 4891:Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS 4490: 2152:(corresponding to "to discern"). Since the 1270:List of people killed for being transgender 10864: 10850: 10487: 10473: 8534: 8520: 7262:Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 7152: 7032: 7030: 6363:Fennelly, David; Murphy, Clíodhna (2021). 6101: 4565: 4367:Employment (Equal Opportunities) Law, 1988 3770: 3756: 2066: 2052: 8247: 7412: 7355: 7011:Beyond Comparison: Sex and Discrimination 6896: 6574:International Review of Applied Economics 6435:"Race and National Origin Discrimination" 6415:Race, Color, National Origin and Ancestry 6380: 6147:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 5858: 5495:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 4137: 4049:Besides these academic studies, in 2009, 4026:one's sexual orientation is often called 3527:Female genital mutilation laws by country 2362:, which reward merits of individuals and 2319:in favor of people who are not is called 8801:Social determinants of health in poverty 8287: 7329: 7294: 7013:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 6929: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6356: 6218: 6045: 5411: 4634: 4212:This discrimination may seek to redress 4153: 4097: 3987: 3972: 3858:(in the United States as secured by the 3781: 2675: 2640: 2624: 2606: 2394: 364:Social determinants of health in poverty 48:An African-American man drinking from a 43: 7638: 7632: 7554:". Human Rights Watch. August 16, 2009. 7526:"AU welcomes progress in peace process" 7027: 7008: 7002: 6884:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1979: 5900: 5873: 4507:on December 10, 1948. It states that:" 4336:Article 15 of the Constitution of India 2140:'distinguished between', from the verb 11673: 10731:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder 8195: 8157: 7795: 7793: 7762: 7760: 7158: 7103: 6901:The Handbook of Culture and Psychology 6805: 6768: 6720: 6714: 6692: 6600: 6533:Kislev, Elyakim (September 19, 2016). 6532: 6252: 6179: 5927: 5847:Recent Issues in Sociological Research 5809: 5721:Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 5441: 5400:Theoria: Swedish Journal of Philosophy 5361: 5265:"Definition of discrimination; Origin" 4663:in 1930s-era Germany and the pre-1990 3890:Discrimination against intersex people 10845: 10468: 8515: 8312: 8029: 7576: 7398: 6829: 6827: 6808:The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom 6663: 6652: 6369:Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 6267: 6219:Bertrand, Marianne (September 2004). 6144: 5840: 5585:Do Older Workers Face Discrimination? 4871:Discrimination against asexual people 4501:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3968: 2562:section for employment discrimination 2344:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 10449: 9489:Capital punishment for homosexuality 8806:Social determinants of mental health 8342: 8292:. Nelson Thornes. pp. 134–137. 6966: 6046:Dommisse, Ebbe (November 16, 2016). 4476:Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 4326:Sex Discrimination Ordinance (1996) 4238: 2775: 2580: 1076:Capital punishment for homosexuality 369:Social determinants of mental health 9609:Genital modification and mutilation 7844: 7790: 7757: 6960: 6905:. Oxford University Press. p. 6480:Ayesha Almazroui (March 18, 2013). 5996:ACLU Foundation of North California 5449:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5369:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5271:. Oxford University. Archived from 4881:Discrimination against drug addicts 4164:Quer uma vaga? Passe no vestibular! 4094:LGBT rights by country or territory 2541:Discrimination based on nationality 2480:Scholars have analyzed the role of 2315:Discrimination against people with 2199:United Nations Human Rights Council 1196:Genital modification and mutilation 13: 10871: 8541: 8161:(1999) . "Equality for Animals?". 6824: 6750:Malaysia's lingering ethnic divide 5765:Puaschunder, Julia (August 2019). 5521:Introduction to critical sociology 5297:(Print) (7th ed.). New York: 5201:American Psychological Association 4896:Discrimination based on skin color 4630: 4482:Violence Against Women Act of 1994 4291:Disability Discrimination Act 1992 2737:and Chinese in Malaysia After the 2595:Discrimination based on skin color 2266:experienced in the UK population. 52:water cooler marked "Colored", in 14: 11707: 8436: 7643:. In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). 7641:"Affirmative Action in Education" 7336:International Journal of Manpower 6865:United States Department of State 6668:. In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). 4408: 3794:'s Buddhist culture and identity. 3532:Legal aspects of ritual slaughter 2850:Catholic priests in public office 11465:Perverting the course of justice 10948: 10939: 10887:. Not all types are listed here. 10448: 10439: 10438: 10088:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 9925:Law for Protection of the Nation 9825:White genocide conspiracy theory 8396: 8371: 8336: 8306: 8281: 8256: 8240:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00400.x 8219: 8204: 8189: 8125: 8100: 8075: 8057: 8023: 8002: 7976: 7950: 7924: 7899: 7874: 7853: 7823: 7802: 7769: 7731: 7500:"Islamic views of homosexuality" 7168:Global Action for Trans Equality 6186:Journal of Managerial Psychology 5888:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.12.002 5011:List of anti-discrimination acts 4729: 4503:is a declaration adopted by the 4443: 4242: 4235:List of anti-discrimination acts 4089:live in fear of sexual assault. 3998:Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill 2755:Regional discrimination in China 2412:This section is an excerpt from 1689:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1518:Law for Protection of the Nation 1412:White genocide conspiracy theory 84: 11203:Intellectual property violation 9930:MSM blood donation restrictions 9678:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 8198:Group conflict and co-operation 8030:Bouie, Jamelle (May 13, 2015). 7705: 7687: 7661: 7614: 7589: 7577:Kelly, Annie (March 12, 2009). 7570: 7557: 7544: 7518: 7492: 7474: 7450: 7437: 7392: 7372: 7323: 7288: 7253: 7238: 7212: 7129: 7091: 7072: 6993: 6923: 6890: 6878: 6853: 6782: 6755: 6742: 6526: 6500: 6473: 6453: 6427: 6408: 6397: 6341: 6291: 6276: 6261: 6246: 6212: 6173: 6138: 6095: 6067: 6009: 5956: 5708: 5686: 5654: 5630: 5610: 5607:Journal of Economic Psychology. 5597: 5577: 5558: 5545: 5481: 5463: 5405: 5388: 4876:Discrimination against atheists 4505:United Nations General Assembly 4229:Anti-discrimination legislation 2704:over another. It may also mean 2561: 2552:Discrimination on the basis of 2382:, affirmative action or random 2329:Americans with Disabilities Act 1523:MSM blood donation restrictions 1265:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 9943:(as religious or racial quota) 8010:"Pregnancy Discrimination Act" 6933:American Journal of Psychiatry 6441:. U.S. Department of Education 5903:History of Education Quarterly 5860:10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-1/8 5355: 5330: 5305: 5287: 5257: 5244: 5218: 5154: 4670: 4377: 4281:Racial Discrimination Act 1975 3963:Sustainable Development Goal 5 3717:Christian countercult movement 3626:Oriental Orthodox Christianity 2835:Separation of church and state 2534: 2435:, the perceived size of their 2168: 1536:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 11696:Concepts in social philosophy 11686:Barriers to critical thinking 10512:Adverse childhood experiences 10357:Second-generation gender bias 10073:Constitutional colorblindness 8796:Social determinants of health 8507:Behavioral Biology and Racism 8502:Discrimination Laws in Europe 7932:"Equality Act 2010: guidance" 6079:Natural Semantic Metalanguage 5876:Economics of Education Review 5662:"Global Caste Discrimination" 5524:. Ardent Media. p. 261. 5446:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 5366:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 5230:Cambridge Dictionaries Online 5147: 3621:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 3562:Traditional African religions 2664:(presumably a misspelling of 2338: 2304: 2148:'distinction', from the verb 1966:Second-generation gender bias 1674:Constitutional colorblindness 359:Social determinants of health 56: 8462:Resources in other libraries 7401:Industrial Relations Journal 7309:10.1080/13545701.2010.541858 7219:sdgcounting (June 6, 2017). 6672:. SAGE. pp. 1113–1115. 6228:The American Economic Review 5337:Richard Tardif, ed. (1985). 5226:"discrimination, definition" 4981:Institutional discrimination 4901:Discrimination of excellence 4320: 4274: 4158:Students protesting against 3902:Violence against LGBT people 3850:which are guaranteed by the 3517:Apostasy in Islam by country 2352:Discrimination of excellence 2346:Discrimination of excellence 2124: 21:Discrimination (information) 7: 10268:Medical model of disability 10120:Hate speech laws by country 8313:Skoll, Geoffrey R. (2010). 7567:". Reuters. March 13, 2009. 7447:". ABC News. June 22, 2009. 7037:Sharyn Ann Lenhart (2004). 6752:". March 4, 2008. BBC News. 5312:Simpson, J.A., ed. (1989). 4722: 4421:Sex Discrimination Act 1975 4296:Age Discrimination Act 2004 4286:Sex Discrimination Act 1984 3537:Religious male circumcision 2720:, practices or beliefs, or 2390: 2354:is the violation of formal 1877:Medical model of disability 1721:Hate speech laws by country 10: 11712: 11228:Possessing stolen property 10377:Social model of disability 8851:Discrimination against men 7639:Embrick, David G. (2008). 6609:Journal of Negro Education 6539:Social Indicators Research 6180:Cotton, John (July 2007). 6159:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.002 5299:W. W. Norton & Company 5252:W. W. Norton & Company 5126:Taste-based discrimination 4836:Civil and political rights 4559:Routes of Enslaved Peoples 4232: 4147: 4141: 4108:world's largest LGBT event 4091: 4002: 3875: 3869: 2779: 2752: 2584: 2538: 2411: 2343: 2308: 2273: 2213: 1986:Social model of disability 414:Discrimination against men 25: 18: 11642: 11607: 11507: 11474: 11423: 11377: 11271: 11131: 10965: 10937: 10893: 10880: 10721:Abusive power and control 10703: 10502: 10494: 10434: 10173: 10050: 9843: 9730:Opposition to immigration 9454: 9096: 8943: 8693: 8643:Race / Ethnicity 8580: 8549: 8457:Resources in your library 7669:"What is Discrimination?" 7552:They Want Us Exterminated 6897:Matsumoto, David (2001). 6763:Resolving Racial Conflict 6551:10.1007/s11205-016-1451-x 6421:October 24, 2012, at the 6382:10.1177/09240519211055648 6198:10.1108/02683940810849648 5964:"Language Discrimination" 5733:10.1007/s10926-013-9426-0 5624:October 27, 2005, at the 5341:. The Macquarie Library. 5295:Introduction to sociology 5111:Structural discrimination 4624:Consensual discrimination 4547:International cooperation 4355: 4314:Canadian Human Rights Act 4308:Ontario Human Rights Code 4301: 4038:Employment discrimination 3522:Blasphemy laws by country 2748: 2421:Linguistic discrimination 2414:Linguistic discrimination 2311:Disability discrimination 1317:Opposition to immigration 198:Race / Ethnicity 11327:(such as prohibition of 10796:Psychological projection 10658:Referee and umpire abuse 9725:Occupational segregation 9494:Compulsory sterilization 7647:. SAGE. pp. 12–19. 7622:"Reverse Discrimination" 7597:"Reverse Discrimination" 7348:10.1108/IJM-02-2012-0026 7274:10.1177/1368430212442419 7245:World English Dictionary 6319:10.1177/0956797614533802 6240:10.1257/0002828042002561 6116:10.1177/0956797613494851 5942:10.1177/0735275120941178 5828:10.1177/1358229120927947 4713:evolutionary game theory 4491:United Nations documents 4460:Civil Rights Act of 1964 4454:Fair Labor Standards Act 4383:Article 137c, part 1 of 4330: 4061:illegal, five carry the 3983:homosexuality is illegal 3947:due to innate, atypical 2957:Central African Republic 2810:Religious discrimination 2782:Religious discrimination 2269: 2204: 1312:Occupational segregation 1081:Compulsory sterilization 27:Not to be confused with 10253:Internalized oppression 10115:Fighting Discrimination 10105:Fat acceptance movement 10063:Anti-discrimination law 9703:Native American mascots 8419:10.1111/1468-0297.00735 8330:10.1057/9780230112636_3 7713:"Women rights in India" 7330:Drydakis, Nick (2014). 6806:Mackey, Sandra (1987). 6586:10.1080/026921700101498 6470:, Maastricht University 6439:Office for Civil Rights 5591:April 14, 2012, at the 5442:Altman, Andrew (2020), 5412:Thompson, Neil (2016). 5362:Altman, Andrew (2020), 5301:Inc. 2009. p. 324. 4906:Economic discrimination 4641:Auschwitz Jewish Center 4566:Theories and philosophy 4437:anti-discrimination law 3712:New religious movements 3458:Palestinian territories 2556:is usually included in 2525: 2368:equality of opportunity 2356:equality of opportunity 2103:physical attractiveness 1862:Internalized oppression 1716:Fighting Discrimination 1706:Fat acceptance movement 1664:Anti-discrimination law 1290:Native American mascots 11445:Miscarriage of justice 10372:Social identity threat 10345:Reverse discrimination 10335:Racial color blindness 9815:Violence against women 9795:Sex-selective abortion 8290:Key Ideas in Sociology 7009:Macklem, Tony (2003). 6693:Newman, D. M. (2012). 6459:Christiane Schwieren, 6348:"The Power of Names". 5618:How Ageist is Britain? 5571:July 28, 2011, at the 5489:"Definition of Ageism" 5418:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5232:. Cambridge University 4976:Ingroups and outgroups 4936:Genetic discrimination 4846:Cultural appropriation 4776:Anti-Iranian sentiment 4685:neoclassical economics 4644: 4385:Wetboek van Strafrecht 4171:Reverse discrimination 4167: 4144:Reverse discrimination 4138:Reverse discrimination 4119: 4000: 3985: 3795: 3705:Religious antisemitism 2689: 2673: 2638: 2631:German-occupied Poland 2622: 2565:based on nationality. 2493:introduced during the 2482:linguistic imperialism 2408: 2209: 2119:reverse discrimination 1981:Social identity threat 1954:Reverse discrimination 1944:Racial color blindness 1402:Violence against women 1382:Sex-selective abortion 62: 36:Bigot (disambiguation) 11440:Malfeasance in office 10883:Note: Crimes vary by 10766:Just-world hypothesis 10517:Anti-social behaviour 10340:Religious intolerance 10300:Political correctness 10130:Intersex human rights 10078:Cultural assimilation 9760:Religious persecution 9524:Disability hate crime 8288:Slattery, M. (2002). 6946:10.1176/ajp.141.4.499 6721:Newman, D.M. (2012). 6664:Ghani, Navid (2008). 6417:, State of Wisconsin 6307:Psychological Science 6283:"No names, no bias". 6104:Psychological Science 6075:Imprisoned by English 6005:on September 4, 2012. 5810:De Vos, Marc (2020). 5620:London: Age Concern. 5565:"Young and Oppressed" 5402:, 76, 346-364 (2010). 5314:The Oxford Dictionary 5170:Amnesty International 5086:Religious segregation 5081:Religious persecution 5076:Religious intolerance 5016:List of global issues 4996:Intersex human rights 4851:Cultural assimilation 4831:Bumiputera (Malaysia) 4638: 4610:Realistic competition 4521:racial discrimination 4450:Equal Pay Act of 1963 4427:Human Rights Act 1998 4340:Constitution of India 4157: 4150:Bumiputera (Malaysia) 4101: 4092:Further information: 3991: 3976: 3925:, and other forms of 3790:in order to preserve 3786:In the 1990s, Bhutan 3785: 3554:Religious persecution 2712:. Modern variants of 2679: 2644: 2635:No entrance for Poles 2628: 2610: 2591:Racial discrimination 2539:Further information: 2425:their use of language 2398: 1949:Religious intolerance 1909:Political correctness 1731:Intersex human rights 1679:Cultural assimilation 1347:Religious persecution 1111:Disability hate crime 47: 11533:Cybersex trafficking 11295:Censorship violation 10801:Psychological trauma 9745:Political repression 8746:Anti-left handedness 8736:Anti-intellectualism 8406:The Economic Journal 8228:Political Psychology 8200:. London: Routledge. 8071:on December 8, 2014. 8032:"A Tax on Blackness" 7990:on December 29, 2011 7964:on November 23, 2011 7563:Harrison, Rebecca. " 7532:. September 29, 2004 7488:on October 29, 2009. 7249:"Sexual Orientation" 7149:, February 21, 2013. 7117:on December 19, 2014 5841:Chang, C.H. (2017). 5786:10.2139/ssrn.3459603 5674:on November 15, 2008 5396:San Diego Law Review 5091:Second-class citizen 5066:Paradox of tolerance 4986:Institutional racism 4821:Benevolent prejudice 4816:Atlantic slave trade 4771:Anti-intellectualism 4209:, or other factors. 3935:workplace inequality 3852:Fourteenth Amendment 2815:Religious censorship 2499:indigenous languages 2475:Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 2380:substantive equality 2246:In a survey for the 1332:Political repression 309:Anti-left handedness 299:Anti-intellectualism 11325:Illegal consumption 10997:Criminal negligence 10711:Abusive supervision 10638:Psychological abuse 10613:Institutional abuse 10248:Historical eugenics 9785:Segregation academy 9765:Religious terrorism 9554:Enemy of the people 9462:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 8983:Jehovah's Witnesses 8876:Perpetual foreigner 8196:Sherif, M. (1967). 8139:on October 23, 1999 7745:. February 25, 2023 7719:on December 6, 2023 6840:2001-2009.state.gov 6649:Oxford Dictionaries 6287:. October 29, 2015. 5930:Sociological Theory 5493:Oxford Dictionaries 5269:Oxford Dictionaries 5116:Structural violence 5036:Nativism (politics) 4971:In-group favoritism 4647:Discrimination, in 4592:equal consideration 4214:social inequalities 3958:sex characteristics 3949:sex characteristics 3943:persons experience 3856:Freedom of Religion 2825:Religious pluralism 2790:Freedom of religion 2743:Vietnamese refugees 2511:academic discipline 1857:Historical eugenics 1372:Segregation academy 1352:Religious terrorism 1141:Enemy of the people 1049:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 554:Jehovah's Witnesses 439:Perpetual foreigner 50:racially segregated 11528:Child sexual abuse 11493:Wildlife smuggling 11483:Cruelty to animals 11272:Against the public 11101:Negligent homicide 11012:False imprisonment 10967:Against the person 10791:Playing the victim 10683:Surveillance abuse 10633:Professional abuse 10554:Cruelty to animals 10160:Social integration 10155:Self-determination 10145:Racial integration 10093:Diversity training 10083:Cultural pluralism 10058:Affirmative action 9958:Racial segregation 9868:Crime of apartheid 9770:Religious violence 9275:Indigenous people 8670:Sexual orientation 8476:Legal definitions 8357:10.3817/0696108025 8322:The Theory of Fear 7743:The Indian Express 7385:2015-05-29 at the 7297:Feminist Economics 7221:"SDG 5 Indicators" 7141:2014-01-01 at the 6967:Witt, Jon (2017). 6466:2015-12-31 at the 6350:The New York Times 5968:Workplace Fairness 5667:Human Rights Watch 5254:Inc, 2009. p. 334. 5203:. October 31, 2019 5071:Racial segregation 5041:Online hate speech 4786:Anti-Protestantism 4687:can explain this. 4645: 4617:Social competition 4415:Equal Pay Act 1970 4254:. You can help by 4222:affirmative action 4207:sexual orientation 4168: 4120: 4023:sexual orientation 4001: 3986: 3977:LGBT activists at 3969:Sexual orientation 3796: 2880:Confessional state 2690: 2674: 2639: 2629:German warning in 2623: 2603:Racial segregation 2491:European languages 2447:. For example, an 2409: 2372:legacy preferences 2286:Human Rights Watch 2248:University of Kent 2154:American Civil War 2107:sexual orientation 1761:Social integration 1756:Self-determination 1746:Racial integration 1694:Diversity training 1684:Cultural pluralism 1659:Affirmative action 1551:Racial segregation 1461:Crime of apartheid 1357:Religious violence 854:Indigenous people 225:Sexual orientation 63: 11668: 11667: 11651:Wikimedia Commons 11609:Inchoate offenses 11553:Indecent exposure 11042:Human trafficking 11007:Domestic violence 10839: 10838: 10816:Traumatic bonding 10462: 10461: 10330:Racism by country 10258:Intersectionality 10243:Heteronormativity 10042:Voter suppression 9790:Sexual harassment 9589:Forced conversion 9509:Cultural genocide 9174:African Americans 8993:post–Cold War era 8978:Eastern Orthodoxy 8731:Anti-drug addicts 8726:Anti-homelessness 8653:Scientific racism 8443:Library resources 8389:978-0-415-66849-1 8299:978-0-7487-6565-2 8178:978-0-521-43971-8 7675:on April 15, 2018 7654:978-1-41-292694-2 7506:on April 15, 2015 7423:10.1111/irj.12078 7162:(April 8, 2015). 7020:978-0-521-82682-2 6916:978-0-19-513181-9 6817:978-0-393-32417-4 6732:978-1-4129-8729-5 6704:978-1-4129-8729-5 6679:978-1-4129-2694-2 6488:on April 26, 2016 6153:(2012): 752–756. 6110:(12): 2437–2444. 5583:Lahey, J. (2005) 5531:978-0-8290-1595-9 5425:978-1-137-58666-7 5106:Stigma management 4991:Intersectionality 4911:Equal opportunity 4856:Cultural genocide 4811:Apostasy in Islam 4433:Equality Act 2010 4350:Indian Penal Code 4344:right to equality 4272: 4271: 4055:Stockholm, Sweden 4009:Heteronormativity 3919:sexual harassment 3780: 3779: 3616:Jehovah's Witness 3592:post–Cold War era 3544: 3543: 2899:Status by country 2820:Religious liberty 2776:Religious beliefs 2764:who are from the 2722:political systems 2652:. The words read 2581:Race or ethnicity 2333:Equality Act 2010 2076: 2075: 1939:Racism by country 1867:Intersectionality 1852:Heteronormativity 1635:Voter suppression 1377:Sexual harassment 1176:Forced conversion 1096:Cultural genocide 753:African Americans 564:post–Cold War era 549:Eastern Orthodoxy 294:Anti-drug addicts 289:Anti-homelessness 208:Scientific racism 11703: 11315:Ethnic cleansing 11253:Trespass to land 11148:Arms trafficking 10958: 10953: 10952: 10943: 10866: 10859: 10852: 10843: 10842: 10678:Structural abuse 10653:Police brutality 10559:Disability abuse 10489: 10482: 10475: 10466: 10465: 10452: 10451: 10442: 10441: 10382:Social privilege 10367:Social exclusion 10295:Police brutality 10216:Multiculturalism 10186:Amatonormativity 10017:Social exclusion 9853:Age of candidacy 9653:Homeless dumping 9559:Ethnic cleansing 8536: 8529: 8522: 8513: 8512: 8430: 8429: 8413:(481): 679–703, 8400: 8394: 8393: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8319: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8164:Practical Ethics 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8135:. 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Archived from 6477: 6471: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6431: 6425: 6412: 6406: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6384: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6313:(7): 1504–1505. 6304: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6270:Business Insider 6265: 6259: 6258: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6225: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6099: 6093: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6054:The Business Day 6051: 6043: 6032: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 5993: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5807: 5798: 5797: 5771: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5670:. Archived from 5658: 5652: 5651: 5650:on June 8, 2011. 5646:. Archived from 5638:"Discrimination" 5634: 5628: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5595: 5587:Boston College. 5581: 5575: 5562: 5556: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5477:on June 1, 2014. 5473:. Archived from 5467: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5444:"Discrimination" 5439: 5430: 5429: 5409: 5403: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5379: 5377: 5364:"Discrimination" 5359: 5353: 5352: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5261: 5255: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5193: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5158: 4921:Ethnic cleansing 4766:Anti-Catholicism 4739: 4734: 4733: 4696:Nash equilibrium 4677:Yanis Varoufakis 4466:Fair Housing Act 4267: 4264: 4246: 4239: 4220:Conceptualizing 3841:religious police 3772: 3765: 3758: 2904: 2903: 2840:Anti-clericalism 2786: 2785: 2682:African-American 2399:Nationalists in 2299:Scheduled Castes 2258:discrimination. 2241:Ghent University 2158:American English 2068: 2061: 2054: 1991:Social privilege 1976:Social exclusion 1904:Police brutality 1825:Multiculturalism 1795:Amatonormativity 1610:Social exclusion 1446:Age of candidacy 1240:Homeless dumping 1146:Ethnic cleansing 88: 65: 64: 61: 58: 39: 32: 11711: 11710: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11700: 11671: 11670: 11669: 11664: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11583:Sex trafficking 11509:Sexual offenses 11503: 11502: 11501: 11475:Against animals 11470: 11469: 11468: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11267: 11266: 11265: 11183:False pretenses 11127: 11126: 11125: 11089:Preterintention 10961: 10954: 10947: 10944: 10935: 10889: 10876: 10870: 10840: 10835: 10811:Rationalization 10746:Destabilisation 10699: 10663:Religious abuse 10498: 10493: 10463: 10458: 10430: 10305:Polyculturalism 10201:Civil liberties 10169: 10150:Reappropriation 10051:Countermeasures 10046: 9975:Racial steering 9941:Numerus clausus 9845: 9839: 9564:Ethnic conflict 9499:Corrective rape 9450: 9092: 8939: 8831:HIV/AIDS stigma 8689: 8638:Mental disorder 8576: 8545: 8540: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8451: 8450: 8446: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8401: 8397: 8390: 8376: 8372: 8341: 8337: 8317: 8311: 8307: 8300: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8224: 8220: 8209: 8205: 8194: 8190: 8179: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8108:"ICCAR | ECCAR" 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7956: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7938:. June 16, 2015 7930: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7890: 7888: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7791: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7765: 7758: 7748: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7701:. May 12, 2020. 7693: 7692: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7637: 7633: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7575: 7571: 7562: 7558: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7507: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7470:on May 2, 2010. 7467: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7442: 7438: 7414:10.1.1.467.2102 7397: 7393: 7387:Wayback Machine 7377: 7373: 7328: 7324: 7293: 7289: 7258: 7254: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7217: 7213: 7203: 7201: 7200:. 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May 29, 2013. 6347: 6346: 6342: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6266: 6262: 6251: 6247: 6234:(4): 991–1013. 6223: 6217: 6213: 6178: 6174: 6143: 6139: 6100: 6096: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6044: 6035: 6016: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5991: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5926: 5922: 5899: 5895: 5872: 5868: 5839: 5835: 5808: 5801: 5769: 5763: 5756: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5626:Wayback Machine 5615: 5611: 5602: 5598: 5593:Wayback Machine 5582: 5578: 5573:Wayback Machine 5563: 5559: 5550: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5499:on May 14, 2013 5487: 5486: 5482: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5455: 5453: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5410: 5406: 5393: 5389: 5375: 5373: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5310: 5306: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5275:on May 14, 2013 5263: 5262: 5258: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5187: 5174: 5172: 5166:www.amnesty.org 5160: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5031:Minority stress 5026:Microaggression 4756:Allport's Scale 4735: 4728: 4725: 4673: 4649:labeling theory 4633: 4631:Labeling theory 4579:social equality 4571:Social theories 4568: 4549: 4493: 4452:– (part of the 4446: 4411: 4380: 4358: 4333: 4323: 4304: 4277: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4252:needs expansion 4237: 4231: 4187:gender identity 4152: 4146: 4140: 4104:NYC Pride March 4096: 4019: 3971: 3953:intersex status 3931:gender identity 3927:sexual violence 3904: 3874: 3868: 3860:First Amendment 3776: 3746:Religion portal 3740: 3739: 3738: 3604:Catholic Church 3556: 3546: 3545: 3350:North Macedonia 3315:Northern Cyprus 3122:Northern Cyprus 2901: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2865: 2864: 2855:Confessionalism 2799: 2784: 2778: 2757: 2751: 2605: 2585:Main articles: 2583: 2558:employment laws 2543: 2537: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2449:Occitan speaker 2417: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2364:overachievement 2349: 2341: 2313: 2307: 2278: 2272: 2222: 2214:Main articles: 2212: 2207: 2171: 2127: 2072: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2039: 1914:Polyculturalism 1810:Civil liberties 1782: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1751:Reappropriation 1651: 1650:Countermeasures 1643: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1568:Racial steering 1534:Numerus clausus 1438: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1151:Ethnic conflict 1086:Corrective rape 1041: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1029: 678: 667: 666: 665: 664: 663: 516: 506: 505: 504: 503: 502: 394:HIV/AIDS stigma 256: 248: 247: 246: 245: 244: 193:Mental disorder 135: 127: 126: 125: 124: 123: 96: 59: 40: 33: 26: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11709: 11699: 11698: 11693: 11691:Social justice 11688: 11683: 11681:Discrimination 11666: 11665: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11640: 11639: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11595: 11593:Sexual slavery 11590: 11588:Sexual assault 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11472: 11471: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11421: 11420: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11310:Hostage-taking 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11268: 11264: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11139: 11138: 11136: 11129: 11128: 11124: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11086: 11085: 11084: 11074: 11069: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10959: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10890: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10869: 10868: 10861: 10854: 10846: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10821:Victim blaming 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10751:Discrimination 10748: 10743: 10738: 10736:Dehumanization 10733: 10728: 10726:Child grooming 10723: 10718: 10716:Abuse of power 10713: 10707: 10705: 10704:Related topics 10701: 10700: 10698: 10697: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10643:Physical abuse 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10573: 10571:Domestic abuse 10568: 10567: 10566: 10564:military draft 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10508: 10506: 10500: 10499: 10492: 10491: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10456: 10446: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10400: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10350:Reverse racism 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10320:Prisoner abuse 10317: 10312: 10310:Power distance 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10228:Ethnic penalty 10225: 10224: 10223: 10221:Neurodiversity 10218: 10208: 10206:Dehumanization 10203: 10198: 10196:Cisnormativity 10193: 10188: 10183: 10177: 10175: 10174:Related topics 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10054: 10052: 10048: 10047: 10045: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10032:State religion 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9971: 9970: 9968:Nuremberg Laws 9965: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9910:Ghetto benches 9907: 9905:Gerrymandering 9902: 9897: 9892: 9890:Gender pay gap 9887: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9849: 9847: 9844:Discriminatory 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9673:Lavender scare 9670: 9668:Kill Haole Day 9665: 9663:Indian rolling 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9628: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9549:Eliminationism 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9484:Cancel culture 9481: 9476: 9471: 9470: 9469: 9458: 9456: 9455:Manifestations 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9351:Middle Eastern 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9103: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9088:Zoroastrianism 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9015:Untouchability 9012: 9002: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8905: 8904: 8903: 8898: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8841:Leprosy stigma 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8543:Discrimination 8539: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8474: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8448:Discrimination 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437:External links 8435: 8432: 8431: 8395: 8388: 8370: 8351:(108): 25–46. 8335: 8305: 8298: 8280: 8255: 8234:(6): 823–844. 8218: 8203: 8188: 8177: 8150: 8133:"Civil rights" 8124: 8112:www.eccar.info 8099: 8074: 8056: 8022: 8001: 7975: 7949: 7923: 7898: 7873: 7852: 7843: 7822: 7801: 7789: 7768: 7756: 7730: 7704: 7699:Jagranjosh.com 7686: 7660: 7653: 7631: 7626:dictionary.com 7613: 7588: 7569: 7556: 7543: 7517: 7491: 7473: 7449: 7436: 7407:(6): 543–561. 7391: 7371: 7342:(5): 720–744. 7322: 7287: 7268:(6): 725–743. 7252: 7237: 7211: 7185: 7151: 7128: 7102: 7090: 7071: 7054:978-1135941314 7053: 7026: 7019: 7001: 6992: 6977: 6959: 6940:(4): 499–503. 6922: 6915: 6889: 6877: 6852: 6836:"Saudi Arabia" 6823: 6816: 6794: 6781: 6767: 6754: 6741: 6731: 6713: 6703: 6685: 6678: 6651: 6634: 6599: 6564: 6545:(2): 725–745. 6525: 6499: 6472: 6452: 6426: 6407: 6396: 6375:(4): 308–328. 6355: 6340: 6290: 6275: 6260: 6245: 6211: 6172: 6137: 6094: 6086:inter-language 6066: 6033: 6008: 5980: 5955: 5936:(3): 193–216. 5920: 5915:10.2307/369662 5893: 5882:(3): 480–492. 5866: 5853:(1): 112–121. 5833: 5799: 5754: 5707: 5685: 5653: 5629: 5609: 5596: 5576: 5557: 5544: 5530: 5510: 5480: 5462: 5431: 5424: 5404: 5387: 5354: 5347: 5329: 5322: 5304: 5286: 5256: 5243: 5217: 5185: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4861:Dehumanization 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:Anti-Mormonism 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737:Society portal 4724: 4721: 4704:mixed strategy 4692:hawk-dove game 4672: 4669: 4643:, Poland, 2019 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4575:egalitarianism 4567: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4535: 4532:bill of rights 4524: 4513: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4463: 4457: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4410: 4409:United Kingdom 4407: 4406: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4357: 4354: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4249: 4247: 4233:Main article: 4230: 4227: 4142:Main article: 4139: 4136: 4132:United Nations 4075:honor killings 4032:asexual people 3970: 3967: 3945:discrimination 3870:Main article: 3867: 3864: 3821:necessary evil 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3734:Zoroastrianism 3731: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3650: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3395:United Kingdom 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3259: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3018: 3017: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2870:State religion 2866: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2780:Main article: 2777: 2774: 2750: 2747: 2718:social actions 2694:ethnic penalty 2686:North Carolina 2599:Ethnic penalty 2582: 2579: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2515:social science 2453:French speaker 2429:first language 2418: 2410: 2392: 2389: 2350: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2309:Main article: 2306: 2303: 2271: 2268: 2260:Dominic Abrams 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2195:United Nations 2170: 2167: 2126: 2123: 2079:Discrimination 2074: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1959:Reverse racism 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1929:Prisoner abuse 1926: 1921: 1919:Power distance 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1837:Ethnic penalty 1834: 1833: 1832: 1830:Neurodiversity 1827: 1817: 1815:Dehumanization 1812: 1807: 1805:Cisnormativity 1802: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1781:Related topics 1780: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1625:State religion 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1561:Nuremberg Laws 1558: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1503:Ghetto benches 1500: 1498:Gerrymandering 1495: 1490: 1485: 1483:Gender pay gap 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1260:Lavender scare 1257: 1255:Kill Haole Day 1252: 1250:Indian rolling 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1136:Eliminationism 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1071:Cancel culture 1068: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1040:Manifestations 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 930:Middle Eastern 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 871: 870: 865: 860: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 766: 765: 760: 755: 745: 740: 735: 734: 733: 728: 723: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 682: 681: 680: 679: 673: 672: 669: 668: 662: 661: 659:Zoroastrianism 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 635: 634: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 615: 610: 605: 590: 589: 588: 586:Untouchability 583: 573: 568: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 536: 531: 526: 520: 519: 518: 517: 512: 511: 508: 507: 501: 500: 495: 490: 489: 488: 483: 478: 468: 467: 466: 461: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 404:Leprosy stigma 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254: 253: 250: 249: 243: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 211: 210: 205: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 139: 138: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 100: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 89: 81: 80: 78:Discrimination 74: 73: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11708: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11612: 11610: 11606: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11543:Homosexuality 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11512: 11510: 11506: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11477: 11473: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11429: 11427: 11422: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11381: 11376: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11343:Miscegenation 11341: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11263: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11223:Pickpocketing 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11137: 11135: 11130: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11095: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11087: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11027:Home invasion 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10977:Assassination 10975: 10974: 10970: 10968: 10964: 10957: 10951: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10886: 10879: 10875: 10867: 10862: 10860: 10855: 10853: 10848: 10847: 10844: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10826:Victimisation 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10490: 10485: 10483: 10478: 10476: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10455: 10447: 10445: 10437: 10436: 10433: 10427: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10404:Social stigma 10402: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10351: 10348: 10347: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10049: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10027:State atheism 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9963:Jim Crow laws 9961: 9960: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9948:One-drop rule 9946: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9875: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9863:Blood quantum 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9810:Victimisation 9808: 9806: 9805:Trans bashing 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9775:Religious war 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9755:Racialization 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9626:Glass ceiling 9624: 9620: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9569:Ethnic hatred 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9504:Counter-jihad 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9289:United States 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9153: 9152:United States 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9095: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9073:Protestantism 9071: 9069: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9025: 9024: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9007: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8988:LDS or Mormon 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8918:Transmisogyny 8916: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8906: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8821:Gerontophobia 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8741:Anti-intersex 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8716:Anti-albinism 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8692: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8557:Institutional 8555: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8530: 8525: 8523: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8407: 8399: 8391: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8301: 8295: 8291: 8284: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8250: 8249:1959.13/27347 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8222: 8214: 8207: 8199: 8192: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8159:Singer, Peter 8154: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8011: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7912: 7908: 7902: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7862: 7856: 7847: 7832: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7796: 7794: 7778: 7772: 7763: 7761: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7656: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7560: 7553: 7547: 7531: 7527: 7521: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7466: 7459: 7453: 7446: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7375: 7367: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7230:September 23, 7226: 7222: 7215: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7160:Cabral, Mauro 7155: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7099: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7056: 7050: 7047:. p. 6. 7046: 7042: 7041: 7033: 7031: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7005: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6978:9781259702723 6974: 6970: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6926: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6828: 6819: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6802:Sandra Mackey 6798: 6791: 6785: 6777: 6771: 6764: 6758: 6751: 6745: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6681: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6648: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6615:(3): 243–52. 6614: 6610: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6568: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6529: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6456: 6440: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6400: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6359: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6286: 6285:The Economist 6279: 6271: 6264: 6256: 6249: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6055: 6050: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6030: 6029:3-11-011299-X 6026: 6022: 6012: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5804: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5759: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5727:(4): 463–75. 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5695: 5689: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5548: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5514: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5438: 5436: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5408: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5384: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5325: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5253: 5247: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5214: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5182: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5153: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:Jim Crow laws 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Hispanophobia 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4926:Ethnocentrism 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4727: 4720: 4718: 4717:Matthew Rabin 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657:social stigma 4654: 4650: 4642: 4637: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4444:United States 4438: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4325: 4324: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4266: 4257: 4253: 4250:This section 4248: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4183:family status 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4161: 4160:racial quotas 4156: 4151: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4124:Western world 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4063:death penalty 4060: 4059:homosexuality 4056: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3995: 3994:New York City 3990: 3984: 3980: 3979:Cologne Pride 3975: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3631:Protestantism 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3587:Christophobia 3585: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3059:United States 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3015:South America 3012: 3009: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2886: 2885:Atheist state 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2875:Secular state 2873: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:School prayer 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2668:, German for 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2617: 2616:Pattaya Beach 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2532: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2465:social status 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280:According to 2277: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2237:Texas A&M 2234: 2229: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2013:Social stigma 2011: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1778: 1777: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1647: 1646: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620:State atheism 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556:Jim Crow laws 1554: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541:One-drop rule 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1456:Blood quantum 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1397:Victimisation 1395: 1393: 1392:Trans bashing 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1362:Religious war 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1342:Racialization 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213:Glass ceiling 1211: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1156:Ethnic hatred 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1091:Counter-jihad 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1037: 1036: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 869: 868:United States 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 732: 731:United States 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 677: 671: 670: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 644:Protestantism 642: 640: 637: 633: 630: 629: 628: 625: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 595: 594: 591: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 577: 574: 572: 569: 565: 562: 560: 559:LDS or Mormon 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 515: 510: 509: 499: 496: 494: 491: 487: 484: 482: 481:Transmisogyny 479: 477: 474: 473: 472: 469: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 384:Gerontophobia 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 304:Anti-intersex 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 279:Anti-albinism 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 252: 251: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 209: 206: 204: 201: 200: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 131: 130: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 104:Institutional 102: 101: 92: 91: 87: 83: 82: 79: 76: 75: 71: 67: 66: 55: 54:Oklahoma City 51: 46: 42: 37: 30: 22: 11633:Solicitation 11568:Prostitution 11558:Masturbation 11389:Lèse-majesté 11378:Against the 11173:Embezzlement 11062:Manslaughter 11047:Intimidation 10885:jurisdiction 10882: 10781:Minimisation 10776:Manipulation 10756:Exaggeration 10750: 10692: 10688:Verbal abuse 10668:Sexual abuse 10648:Social abuse 10618:Intimidation 10238:Gender-blind 10125:Human rights 9953:Racial quota 9940: 9920:Jewish quota 9900:Gerontocracy 9895:Gender roles 9873:Disabilities 9858:Blood purity 9830:Wife selling 9820:White flight 9800:Slut-shaming 9780:Scapegoating 9698:Murder music 9371:Palestinians 9184:South Africa 9169:Black people 9147:South Africa 8968:Christianity 8958:Baháʼí Faith 8886:Sectarianism 8826:Heterosexism 8791:Ephebiphobia 8756:Antisemitism 8751:Anti-Masonry 8618:Hair texture 8542: 8447: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8379: 8373: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8321: 8308: 8289: 8283: 8271:. Retrieved 8267: 8258: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8212: 8206: 8197: 8191: 8182: 8163: 8153: 8141:. Retrieved 8137:the original 8127: 8115:. Retrieved 8111: 8102: 8090:. Retrieved 8086: 8077: 8069:the original 8059: 8047:. Retrieved 8035: 8025: 8013:. Retrieved 8004: 7992:. Retrieved 7988:the original 7978: 7966:. Retrieved 7962:the original 7952: 7940:. Retrieved 7935: 7926: 7914:. Retrieved 7910: 7901: 7889:. Retrieved 7885: 7876: 7864:. Retrieved 7855: 7846: 7834:. Retrieved 7825: 7813:. Retrieved 7804: 7780:. Retrieved 7771: 7747:. Retrieved 7742: 7733: 7721:. Retrieved 7717:the original 7707: 7698: 7689: 7677:. Retrieved 7673:the original 7663: 7644: 7634: 7625: 7616: 7604:. Retrieved 7600: 7591: 7583:The Guardian 7582: 7572: 7559: 7546: 7534:. Retrieved 7529: 7520: 7508:. Retrieved 7504:the original 7494: 7486:the original 7476: 7465:the original 7452: 7439: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7374: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7244: 7240: 7228:. Retrieved 7224: 7214: 7202:. 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