7171:
2247:
25707:
6943:
4150:
6692:
1757:
207:
3609:
116:
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197:
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6102:
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to other countries such as
Pakistan. Millions have since returned and the war conditions contribute to the country having the highest fertility rate outside Africa. Afghanistan's healthcare has recovered since the turn of the century, causing falls in infant mortality and increases in life expectancy, although it has the lowest life expectance of any country outside Africa. This (along with other factors such as returning refugees) caused rapid population growth in the 2000s that has only recently started to slow down. The
4997:, and the district governors are selected by the provincial governors. The provincial governors are representatives of the central government in Kabul and are responsible for all administrative and formal issues within their provinces. There are also provincial councils that are elected through direct and general elections for four years. The functions of provincial councils are to take part in provincial development planning and to participate in the monitoring and appraisal of other provincial governance institutions.
4347:
4929:. Government formation was delayed due to concerns about forming a broad-based government acceptable to the international community. It was later added however that the Taliban's Rahbari Shura, the group's leadership council was divided between the hardline Haqqani Network and moderate Abdul Ghani Baradar over appointments needed to form an "inclusive" government. Reports claimed that this culminated in a skirmish which led to Baradar being injured and treated in Pakistan, however this was denied by Baradar himself.
7646:, in the 13th century, considered the greatest mystical poet of the Muslim world. The Afghan Pashto literature, although quantitatively remarkable and in great growth in the last century, has always had an essentially local meaning and importance, feeling the influence of both Persian literature and the contiguous literatures of India. Both main literatures, from the second half of the nineteenth century, have shown themselves to be sensitive to genres, movements and stylistic features imported from Europe.
5634:
5400:
6139:
2408:
8102:
7934:
6859:
2582:
5899:
1471:
102:
5473:
1897:
4417:
3065:
6485:
2822:
4765:
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3509:
8284:
5008:
10319:... he would have drawn inspiration from a ireligious policy which intended to counteract the Median Magi's influence and transfer the 'Avesta-Schule' from Arachosia to Persia: thus the Avesta would have arrived in Persia through Arachosia in the 6th century B.C. Although ... Arachosia would have been only a second fatherland for Zoroastrianism, a significant role should still be attributed to this south-eastern region in the history of the Zoroastrian tradition.
3748:
791:
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25130:
26540:
26498:
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26456:
26428:
4786:
3803:
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2016:
3869:
5598:. In recent years, there has been an uptick in saffron production, which authorities and farmers are using to try to replace poppy cultivation. Between 2012 and 2019, the saffron cultivated and produced in Afghanistan was consecutively ranked the world's best by the International Taste and Quality Institute. Production hit record high in 2019 (19,469 kg of saffron), and one kilogram is sold domestically between $ 634 and $ 1147.
26512:
26442:
5570:
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896:
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1598:
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3100:. This would trigger a series of events that would dramatically turn Afghanistan from a poor and secluded (albeit peaceful) country to a hotbed of international terrorism. The PDPA initiated various social, symbolic, and land distribution reforms that provoked strong opposition, while also brutally oppressing political dissidents. This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of
5487:, who brought with them entrepreneurship and wealth-creating skills as well as much needed funds to start up businesses. Many Afghans are now involved in construction, which is one of the largest industries in the country. Some of the major national construction projects include the $ 35 billion New Kabul City next to the capital, the Aino Mena project in Kandahar, and the
5427:. Afghanistan's rough physical geography and its landlocked status has been cited as reasons why the country has always been among the least developed in the modern era – a factor where progress is also slowed by contemporary conflict and political instability. The country imports over $ 7 billion worth of goods but exports only $ 784 million, mainly fruits and
6077:, which provides services to millions of phone, internet, and television subscribers. By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $ 2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users. The sector employs at least 120,000 people nationwide.
3895:
18706:
3960:
3946:
3937:
3918:
3904:
16803:
Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).
13437:
12653:
not battle casualties or the unavoidable civilian victims of warfare. Soviet and local
Communist forces seldom attacked the scattered guerilla bands of the Afghan Resistance except, in a few strategic locales like the Panjsher valley. Instead they deliberately targeted the civilian population, primarily in the rural areas.
9316:
16802:
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;
12652:
During the intervening fourteen years of
Communist rule, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Afghan civilians were killed by Soviet forces and their proxies- the four Communist regimes in Kabul, and the East Germans, Bulgarians, Czechs, Cubans, Palestinians, Indians and others who assisted them. These were
5214:
Afghanistan became a member of the United
Nations in 1946. Historically, Afghanistan had strong relations with Germany, one of the first countries to recognize Afghanistan's independence in 1919; the Soviet Union, which provided much aid and military training for Afghanistan's forces and includes the
3213:
The Soviet–Afghan War had drastic social effects on
Afghanistan. The militarization of society led to heavily armed police, private bodyguards, openly armed civil defense groups, and other such things becoming the norm in Afghanistan for decades thereafter. The traditional power structure had shifted
6310:
The current population growth rate is 2.37%, one of the highest in the world outside of Africa. This population is expected to reach 82 million by 2050 if current population trends continue. The population of
Afghanistan increased steadily until the 1980s, when civil war caused millions to flee
2292:
against the Sikhs like his father, though more successfully. The most prominent example of his battles during this campaign was when he led his forces under Zangi Khan
Durrani – with over 18,000 men total of Afghan, Qizilbash, and Mongol cavalrymen – against over 60,000 Sikh men. The Sikhs lost over
5614:
provinces in the 2010s. Wells have gradually been deepened, but water resources are limited. Opium is the major crop, but as of 2022, was under attack by the new
Taliban government which, to suppress opium production, was systematically suppressing water pumping. In a 2023 report, poppy cultivation
5381:
is compulsory in
Afghanistan, though this contradicts the reality. It has been speculated that there is a genuine internal policy division over women's rights between hardliners, including leader Hibatullah Akhundzada, and pragmatists, though they publicly present a united front. Another decree was
2643:
that led to its sacking, the
British gave up on their attempts to try and subjugate Afghanistan, allowing Dost Mohammad Khan to return as ruler. Following this, Dost Mohammad pursued a myriad of campaigns to unite most of Afghanistan in his reign, launching numerous incursions including against the
12689:
According to widely reported accounts, substantial programmes of depopulation have been conducted in these Afghan provinces: Ghazni, Nagarhar, Lagham, Qandahar, Zabul, Badakhshan, Lowgar, Paktia, Paktika and Kunar...There is considerable evidence that genocide has been committed against the Afghan
6812:
1% (2021 est). Data represent the most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because there is much bilingualism in the country and because respondents were allowed to select more than one language. There are a number of smaller regional languages, including Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi,
20778:
7031:
After the Taliban regained power in 2021, it became unclear to what extent female education would continue in the country. In March 2022, after they had been closed for some time, it was announced that secondary education would be reopened shortly. However, shortly before reopening, the order was
6961:. There are over 16,000 schools in the country and roughly 9 million students. Of this, about 60% are males and 40% females. However, the new regime has thus far forbidden female teachers and female students from returning to secondary schools. Over 174,000 students are enrolled in different
2267:
succeeding him after the defeat of his brother, Suleiman Mirza. Timur Shah Durrani ascended to the throne in November 1772, having defeated a coalition under Shah Wali Khan and Humayun Mirza. Timur Shah began his reign by consolidating power toward himself and people loyal to him, purging Durrani
13778:
Seventy-seven percent support the presence of U.S. forces; 67 percent say the same of NATO/ISAF forces more generally. Despite the country's travails, eight in 10 say it was a good thing for the United States to oust the Taliban in 2001. And much more blame either the Taliban or al Qaeda for the
5552:
is estimated to have dropped by 20% following the Taliban return to power. Following this, after months of free-fall, the Afghan economy began stabilizing, as a result of the Taliban's restrictions on smuggled imports, limits on banking transactions, and UN aid. In 2023, the Afghan economy began
6918:, living mainly in Herat and Kabul. Over the years, this small community was forced to leave due to decades of warfare and religious persecution. By the end of the twentieth century, nearly the entire community had emigrated to Israel and the United States, with one known exception, Herat-born
6026:
Unexpectedly, tourism has seen development in Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover. Active efforts by the Taliban has seen tourism increase from 691 tourists in 2021, to 2,300 in 2022. A sharp increase of over 120% was observed from 2022 to 2023, reaching nearly 5,200 tourists, with some
3687:
have significantly tackled corruption, now being placed as 150th on the corruption watchdog perception index. The Taliban have also reportedly reduced bribery and extortion in public service areas. At the same time, the human rights situation in the country has deteriorated. Following the 2001
3565:
on 15 August 2021, after regaining control over a vast majority of Afghanistan. Several foreign diplomats and Afghan government officials, including president Ashraf Ghani, were evacuated from the country, with many Afghan civilians attempting to flee along with them. On 17 August, first vice
9512:
9938:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander." (
1486:
Excavations of prehistoric sites suggest that humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in the area were among the earliest in the world. An important site of early historical activities, many believe that Afghanistan compares to
6116:, often called the "Ring Road", which extends for 2,210 kilometres (1,370 mi) and connects five major cities: Kabul, Ghazni, Kandahar, Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif, with spurs to Kunduz and Jalalabad and various border crossings, while skirting around the mountains of the Hindu Kush.
5382:
issued shortly after the first, requiring female TV presenters to cover their faces during broadcasts. Since the Taliban takeover, suicides among women have become more common, and the country could now be one of the few where the rate of suicide among women surpasses that among men.
5795:
in Afghanistan is lower than world average. In 2016, Afghanistan had 0.43 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Afghanistan used 0.73 global hectares of biocapacity per person—their
9923:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses" (See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
7513:, were created with designs representing pain and misery caused by the conflict. Every province has its own specific characteristics in making rugs. In some of the Turkic-populated areas in the north-west, bride and wedding ceremony prices are driven by the bride's weaving skills.
6294:
The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are
3459:
and child mortality rates in the world, the lowest life expectancy, much of the population were hungry, and infrastructure was in ruins. Many foreign donors started providing aid and assistance to rebuild the war-torn country. As coalition troops entered Afghanistan to help the
4094:) with Pakistan to the east and south, followed by borders with Tajikistan to the northeast, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the north-west, Uzbekistan to the north and China to the far northeast; India recognizes a border with Afghanistan through Pakistani-administered
9312:
7185:
have both common cultural features and those that differ between the regions of Afghanistan, each with distinctive cultures partly as a result of geographic obstacles that divide the country. Family is the mainstay of Afghan society and families are often headed by a
3024:. However, it was a beneficiary of the latter rivalry as both the Soviet Union and the United States vied for influence by building Afghanistan's main highways, airports, and other vital infrastructure. On a per capita basis, Afghanistan received more Soviet
18934:"Green Energy Complicates the Taliban's New Battle Against Opium: The multibillion-dollar trade has survived previous bans. Now, the Taliban are going after solar-powered water pumps to try to dry up poppy crops in the middle of a national economic crisis"
4298:
is around 2% of the total land area, equivalent to 1,208,440 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 1,208,440 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be
5502:
Several small companies and factories began operating in different parts of the country, which not only provide revenues to the government but also create new jobs. Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $ 1.5 billion in
6768:, although many of them are also fluent in Dari while some non-Pashtuns are fluent in Pashto. Despite the Pashtuns having been dominant in Afghan politics for centuries, Dari remained the preferred language for government and bureaucracy. According to
6922:. He remained for years, being the caretaker of the only remaining Afghan synagogue. He left the country for the US after the second Taliban takeover. A woman who left shortly after him has since been identified as the likely last Jew in Afghanistan.
9504:
8360:, with all law ultimately originating from the supreme leader. Consensus rule was initially used among the Taliban, but was phased out as the supreme leader monopolized control in the months following the 2021 return to power. There is an advisory
3015:
Zahir Shah, like his father Nadir Shah, had a policy of maintaining national independence while pursuing gradual modernization, creating nationalist feeling, and improving relations with the United Kingdom. Afghanistan was neither a participant in
8944:
In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist
4393:
in the summers, with most rainfall falling between December and April. The lower areas of northern and western Afghanistan are the driest, with precipitation more common in the east. Although proximate to India, Afghanistan is mostly outside the
9180:
5000:
According to article 140 of the constitution and the presidential decree on electoral law, mayors of cities should be elected through free and direct elections for a four-year term. In practice however, mayors are appointed by the government.
15485:
Taliban-ruled Afghanistan is ranked 150th, a remarkable status upgrade from its 174th ranking in 2021. In 2011, at the height of U.S. military and developmental engagement in Afghanistan, the country was ranked 180th, next to North Korea and
5908:
Tourism is a small industry in Afghanistan due to security issues. Nevertheless, some 20,000 foreign tourists visit the country annually as of 2016. In particular an important region for domestic and international tourism is the picturesque
3415:
network in Afghanistan. The majority of Afghans supported the American invasion. During the initial invasion, US and UK forces bombed al-Qaeda training camps, and later working with the Northern Alliance, the Taliban regime came to an end.
5601:
The availability of cheap diesel-powered water pumps imported from China and Pakistan, and in the 2010s, of cheap solar power to pump water, resulted in expansion of agriculture and population in the southwestern deserts of Afghanistan in
10711:.. when the patriarch at Ctesiphon had to broker a compromise that left one bishop at the capital Zaranj and another further east at Bust, now in southern Afghanistan. A Christian text composed in about 850 also records a monastery of ...
2703:
to fight perceived Russian influence in the region. Sher Ali retreated to northern Afghanistan, intending to create a resistance there similar to his predecessors, Dost Mohammad Khan, and Wazir Akbar Khan. His untimely death however, saw
7500:
by tribal and nomadic people today. Carpets have been produced in the region for thousands of years and traditionally done by women. Some crafters express their feelings through the designs of rugs; for example after the outbreak of the
20904:
makes clear in the article on Afghanistan — Ethnography that "The term Farsiwan also has the regional forms Parsiwan and Parsiban. In religion they are Imami Shia. In the literature they are often mistakenly referred to as Tajik."
17265:
5776:. One official asserted that "this will become the backbone of the Afghan economy" and a Pentagon memo stated that Afghanistan could become the "Saudi Arabia of lithium". The lithium reserves of 21 Mio. tons could amount to the ones of
3495:
where for the first time in Afghanistan's history power was democratically transferred. On 28 December 2014, NATO formally ended ISAF combat operations and transferred full security responsibility to the Afghan government. The NATO-led
2352:
in 1800 to deal with a rebellious Ranjit Singh. However, he was forced to withdraw, and Zaman Shah's reign was ended by Mahmud Shah Durrani. However, just under two years into his reign, Mahmud Shah Durrani was deposed by his brother
12621:
The Afghans are among the latest victims of genocide by a superpower. Large numbers of Afghans were killed to suppress resistance to the army of the Soviet Union, which wished to vindicate its client regime and realize its goal in
2911:, Amanullah's cousin, defeated and killed Kalakani in October 1929, and was declared King Nadir Shah. He abandoned the reforms of King Amanullah in favor of a more gradual approach to modernization, but was assassinated in 1933 by
23271:
4662:, the Taliban declared the country an Islamic Emirate. A new caretaker government was announced on 7 September. As of 8 September 2021, no other country had formally recognized the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan as the
10022:
14817:
10653:
With Aurmuzd, Sroshard, Narasa and Mihr, we are on safer ground because all are Zoroastrian deities: Aurmuzd is the supreme god of light, Ahura Mazda; and Mihr, the sun god, is linked with the Iranian Mithra. Exactly the same
4303:(consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 0% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under
14847:
6351:, due to returning refugees from Pakistan and Iran after 2001, internally displaced people, and rural migrants. Urbanization in Afghanistan is different from typical urbanization in that it is centered on just a few cities.
19810:
3634:, who took office on 7 September 2021. Akhund is one of the four founders of the Taliban and was a deputy prime minister of the previous emirate; his appointment was seen as a compromise between moderates and hardliners. A
13736:
Equally large percentages endorse the US military presence in Afghanistan. Eighty-three percent said they have a favorable view of "the US military forces in our country" (39% very favorable). Just 17% have an unfavorable
17235:
14135:
3268:
factions committed widespread rape, murder and extortion, while Kabul was heavily bombarded and partially destroyed by the fighting. Several failed reconciliations and alliances occurred between different leaders. The
2313:
after his death in May 1793. Timur Shah's reign oversaw the attempted stabilization and consolidation of the empire. However, Timur Shah had over 24 sons, which plunged the empire in civil war over succession crises.
3688:
invasion, more than 5.7 million refugees returned to Afghanistan; however, in 2021, 2.6 million Afghans remained refugees, primarily in Iran and Pakistan, and another 4 million were internally displaced.
26309:
20888:
Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state. Uzbek, Turkmen, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani and Pamiri are – in addition to Pashto and Dari – the third official language in areas where the majority speaks
9628:
2780:
How can a small power like Afghanistan, which is like a goat between these lions or a grain of wheat between two strong millstones of the grinding mill, stand in the midway of the stones without being ground to
13723:
7359:
is a hat made from the fur of a specific regional breed of sheep. It was favored by former kings of Afghanistan and became known to much of the world in the 21st century when it was constantly worn by President
15672:
2806:. The effort to bring Afghanistan into the Central Powers failed, but it sparked discontent among the population about maintaining neutrality with the British. Habibullah was assassinated in February 1919, and
26314:
22013:
8455:
7840:(RFE/RL) broadcast in both of Afghanistan's official languages on radio. Press restrictions have been gradually relaxed and private media diversified since 2002, after more than two decades of tight controls.
17050:
8989:
7056:, still allow girl's schools from grade 6 and up. In December 2023, investigations were being held by the United Nations on the claim that Afghan girls of all ages were allowed to study at religious schools.
27722:
8960:
7606:
are a cherished part of Afghan culture. Poetry has always been one of the major educational pillars in the region, to the level that it has integrated itself into culture. One of the poetic styles is called
13385:
12935:
15416:
14787:
3500:
was formed the same day as a successor to ISAF. Thousands of NATO troops remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces and continue their fight against the Taliban. A report titled
22347:
17736:
16568:
13792:
13593:
9897:
9170:
5849:, helped by the amount of rivers and streams that flow from the mountains. However electricity is not always reliable and blackouts happen, including in Kabul. In recent years an increasing number of
4855:, emerged in the United Arab Emirates and said that he supported such negotiations and was in talks to return to Afghanistan. Many figures within the Taliban generally agreed that continuation of the
26605:
17295:
6354:
The only city with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul, located in the east of the country. The other large cities are located generally in the "ring" around the Central Highlands, namely
3360:
3317:
3173:
13327:
10797:
The Rabatak inscription includes Miiro amongst a list of gods: Nana, Ahura Mazda, and Narasa. All of these gods likely had images dedicated at the Bagolaggo, presumably alongside statues of Kanishka
2664:, conquering it and re-uniting Afghanistan. During his campaigns of re-unification, he held friendly relations with the British despite the First Anglo-Afghan War, and affirmed their status in the
9250:
has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.
7226:. Those who have lived in Pakistan and Iran over the last 30 years have been further influenced by the cultures of those neighboring nations. The Afghan people are known to be strongly religious.
1679:
in present-day Uzbekistan. Goods and ideas were exchanged at this center point, such as Chinese silk, Persian silver and Roman gold, while the region of present Afghanistan was mining and trading
27737:
19477:
Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; Mancini, MariaSerena; Martindill, Jon; Medouar, FatimeZahra; Huang, Shiyu; Wackernagel, Mathis (2018).
3157:
but inclusive of both factions (Parcham and Khalq), filled the vacuum. Soviet troops in more substantial numbers were deployed to stabilize Afghanistan under Karmal, marking the beginning of the
23357:
16400:
5580:
Agricultural production is the backbone of Afghanistan's economy and has traditionally dominated the economy, employing about 40% of the workforce as of 2018. The country is known for producing
4862:
Hours after the final flight of American troops left Kabul on 30 August, a Taliban official interviewed said that a new government would likely be announced as early as Friday 3 September after
3479:. Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the country's economy, healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture. ISAF forces also began to train the
18300:
17969:
17257:
14507:
7402:
The nation has a complex history that has survived either in its current cultures or in the form of various languages and monuments. Afghanistan contains many remnants from all ages, including
20037:
20000:
19625:
17603:
6123:, completed in 1964, which facilitates travel through the Hindu Kush mountain range and connects northern and southern Afghanistan. It is the only land route that connects Central Asia to the
1389:", is a Persian suffix meaning "place of". Therefore, "Afghanistan" translates to "land of the Afghans", or "land of the Pashtuns" in a historical sense. According to the third edition of the
18331:
17856:
17897:
14665:
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seeing signs of revival. This has also been followed by stable exchange rates, low inflation, stable revenue collection, and the rise of trade in exports. In the third quarter of 2023, the
4065:
Afghanistan is located in Southern-Central Asia. The region centered at Afghanistan is considered the "crossroads of Asia", and the country has had the nickname Heart of Asia. The renowned
22848:
7764:, who synthesized many genres and continues to be renowned for his voice and rich lyrics long after his death in 1979. Other notable masters of traditional or popular Afghan music include
5619:. In November 2023, a U.N report showed that in the entirety of Afghanistan, poppy cultivation dropped by over 95%, removing it from its place as being the world's largest opium producer.
25173:
18268:
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17687:
14937:
4958:
On 16 September 2024, the Taliban suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan, as reported by the United Nations, posing a significant risk to global polio eradication efforts.
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Valley, which includes lakes, canyons and historical sites, helped by the fact it is in a safe area away from insurgent activity. Smaller numbers visit and trek in regions such as the
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18584:
14809:
14727:
13045:
GUTMAN, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington D.C.
4691:, adopting a new constitution, or to settle national or regional issue such as war. Loya jirgas have been held since at least 1747, with the most recent one occurring in August 2020.
9920:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " (Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
8665:
27717:
22688:
19799:
14839:
10825:
The two most important deities are goddesses: one is the lady Nana', daughter of the moon god and sister of the sun god, the Kushan form of Anahita, Zoroastrian goddess of fertility
18031:
17142:
17112:
8931:
21690:
It opens a new chapter in the friendship of the two countries... This is the second-largest hospital built with your support that will serve the needy," Feroz told the gathering.
21522:
19607:
5866:
1427:
that came into being in 1160 / 1747 was not called Afghanistan in its own day. The name became a state designation only during the colonial intervention of the nineteenth century.
17205:
14997:
14544:
6840:
films respectively. English is also understood by some of the population, and has been gaining popularity as of the 2000s. Some Afghans retain some ability in Russian, which was
4955:
government as the legitimate authorities of Afghanistan, with the U.N adding that recognition was impossible so long as restrictions on female education and employment remained.
3130:
sent thousands of military advisers to support the PDPA regime. Meanwhile, there was increasingly hostile friction between the competing factions of the PDPA – the dominant
17227:
15384:
14381:
13779:
country's violence, 53 percent, than blame the United States, 12 percent. The latter is about half what it was in 2012, coinciding with a sharp reduction in the U.S. deployment.
8586:
7523:, north of Kabul, is in particular a major center, known for its unique turquoise and green pottery, and their methods of crafting have remained the same for centuries. Much of
4164:
The geography in Afghanistan is varied, but is mostly mountainous and rugged, with some unusual mountain ridges accompanied by plateaus and river basins. It is dominated by the
23323:
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14467:
14145:
9211:
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6244:, western Afghanistan, intended for both freight and passengers, was under construction as of 2019. About 125 kilometres (78 mi) of the line will lie on the Afghan side.
19824:
15358:
15328:
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2744:, and his decisive defeat saw the end of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, with Abdur Rahman secured firmly as Amir. In 1893, Abdur Rahman signed an agreement in which the ethnic
1814:, Christianity, and Judaism. An exemplification of the syncretism in the region would be that people were patrons of Buddhism but still worshipped local Iranian gods such as
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At the time of the first Muslim advances, numerous local natural religions were competing with Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Hinduism in the territory of modern Afghanistan.
9142:"Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council"
2562:. By this time the British were advancing from the east, capitalizing off of the decline of the Sikh Empire after it had its own period of turbulence following the death of
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In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, the term "Khurassan" frequently had a much wider denotation, covering also parts of what are now Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan
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and association football are the two most popular sports in the country. The Afghan Sports Federation promotes cricket, association football, basketball, volleyball, golf,
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linguistic data prove the presence of the Zoroastrian tradition in Arachosia both in the Achaemenian age, in the last quarter of the 6th century, and in the Seleucid age.
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In a report by CNN-News18, sources said the new government was going to be governed similarly to Iran with Hibatullah Akhundzada as supreme leader similar to the role of
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3301:. During their rule, the Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians, denied UN food supplies to starving civilians and conducted a policy of
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As estimated by the CIA World Factbook, 26% of the population was urbanized as of 2020. This is one of the lowest figures in the world; in Asia it is only higher than
6307:, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries. As of 2013, Afghanistan was the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title held for 32 years.
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7816:, originating from 1925, is the state public broadcaster. Television programs began airing in the 1970s and today there are many private television channels such as
6127:. Several mountain passes allow travel between the Hindu Kush in other areas. Serious traffic accidents are common on Afghan roads and highways, particularly on the
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of power, but still imports the majority of electricity via transmission lines from Iran and the Central Asian states. The majority of electricity production is via
5445:(AFN) is the national currency, with an exchange rate of about 75 Afghanis to 1 US dollar. A number of local and foreign banks operate in the country, including the
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rate is also high in Afghanistan due to the decades of war. It was reported recently that about 80,000 people are missing limbs. Non-governmental charities such as
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in southern Afghanistan was reduced by over 80% as a result of Taliban campaigns to stop its use toward opium. This included a 99% reduction of opium growth in the
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nationals back to Afghanistan. Taliban authorities condemned the deportations of Afghans as an "inhuman act". Afghanistan faced a humanitarian crisis in late 2023.
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by Abdur Rahman Khan in 1891–1896. He was known as the "Iron Amir" for his features and his ruthless methods against tribes. He died in 1901, succeeded by his son,
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4373:, where the average temperature in January is below −15 °C (5 °F) and can reach −26 °C (−15 °F), and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the
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in the 7th century. The Buddhist Turk Shahi of Kabul was replaced by a Hindu dynasty before the Saffarids conquered the area in 870, this Hindu dynasty was called
12946:
11323:"A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. An Outline of the History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)"
5841:, 98% of the rural population have access to electricity in 2018, up from 28% in 2008. Overall the figure stands at 98.7%. As of 2016, Afghanistan produces 1,400
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20274:"Iran-Afghanistan railway networks through Khaf-Herat Railroad will be completed in the next few months," Yazdani said, according to Mehr news agency on 3 August
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may, if correctly applied, be workable as the basis for the new religious state as their objections to the former government were political, and not religious.
2962:, and increased education. Road links in the north played a large part in a growing cotton and textile industry. The country built close relationships with the
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Due to Afghanistan's geography, transport between various parts of the country has historically been difficult. The backbone of Afghanistan's road network is
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of consumption. This means they use just under double as much biocapacity as Afghanistan contains. As a result, Afghanistan is running a biocapacity deficit.
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are becoming popular again, allowing many carpet dealers around the country to hire more workers; in 2016–17 it was the fourth most exported group of items.
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In May 2022, the Taliban dissolved Afghanistan's Human Rights Commission along with four other government departments, citing the country's budget deficit.
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Asia is a body of water and earth, of which the Afghan nation is the heart. From its discord, the discord of Asia; and from its accord, the accord of Asia.
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3597:, at least 212,191 people were killed in the conflict. Though the state of war in the country ended in 2021, armed conflict persists in some regions amid
3527:(ANSF); following the signing of the deal, the US dramatically reduced the number of air attacks and deprived the ANSF of a critical edge in fighting the
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4086:. It is slightly bigger than France and smaller than Myanmar, and about the size of Texas in the United States. There is no coastline, as Afghanistan is
2336:. Zaman Shah would defeat Humayun and force the loyalty of Mahmud Shah Durrani. Securing his position on the throne, Zaman Shah led three campaigns into
19202:(Technical report). USGS-Afghanistan Ministry of Mines & Industry Joint Oil & Gas Resource Assessment Team. Fact Sheet 2006–3031. Archived from
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is the national dance of Afghanistan, a group dance popularly performed by Afghans of all backgrounds. The dance is considered part of Afghan identity.
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2124:. The Abdalis had "unanimously accepted" Ahmad Shah as their new leader. With his ascension in 1747, Ahmad Shah had led multiple campaigns against the
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In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.
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Rare Earth Element Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Preliminary Resource Assessment of the Khanneshin Carbonatite Complex, Helmand Province, Afghanistan
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2235:, presenting it as an Afghan victory for this campaign. From 1749 to 1767, Ahmad Shah led six more invasions, the most important being the last; the
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The Jews of Afghanistan According to tradition, the first Jews reached ... in Hebrew script found in the Tang - e Azao Valley in the Ghor region ...
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American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore (3 Volumes)
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in Kabul as well as in much of the northern and northwestern parts of the country. Native speakers of Dari, of any ethnicity, are sometimes called
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2856:. He moved to end his country's traditional isolation by establishing diplomatic relations with the international community, particularly with the
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13793:"A Nation challenged: The attack; U.S. and Britain strike Afghanistan, aiming at bases and terrorist camps; Bush warns 'Taliban will pay a price'"
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6299:, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring
5346:. However, an ancient tradition involving male homosexual acts between children and older men (typically wealthy warlords or elite people) called
4291:. As reported in 2010, the state needs more than US$ 2 billion to rehabilitate its irrigation systems so that the water is properly managed.
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in Afghanistan's far north-east. Most of the highest points are in the east consisting of fertile mountain valleys, often considered part of the "
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were repatriated. The number of NATO troops present in Afghanistan peaked at 140,000 in 2011, dropping to about 16,000 in 2018. In September 2014
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but won an international football trophy in 2013. The country also has a national team in the sport of futsal, a 5-a-side variation of football.
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celebration in present-day Iran, and with which it shares the annual celebration along with several other countries. It occurs every year at the
5718:, 440 billion m (15.7 trillion cu ft) of natural gas, and 67 billion L (562 million US bbl) of
4913:. The government's ministries and agencies will be under a cabinet presided over by the Prime Minister. The Supreme Leader would preside over an
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in the north, where temperatures average over 35 °C (95 °F) in July and can go over 43 °C (109 °F). The country is generally
3505:
concluded that 106,000–170,000 civilians had been killed as a result of the fighting in Afghanistan at the hands of all parties to the conflict.
3004:, leading to highly tense relations with Pakistan. Daoud Khan pressed for social modernization reforms and sought a closer relationship with the
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18963:"When the Water Runs Dry: What is to be done with the 1.5 million settlers in the deserts of southwest Afghanistan when their livelihoods fail?"
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2047:, the Georgian governor of Kandahar under the Safavids, and established his own kingdom. Mirwais died in 1715, and was succeeded by his brother
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iron ore deposit in central Afghanistan. Government officials estimate that 30% of the country's untapped mineral deposits are worth at least
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appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia, and north to the cities of
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As of early September 2021 the Taliban were planning the cabinet to be men-only. Journalists and other human rights activists, mostly women,
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and other big cats populate the mountain forest region of the east. In the semi-desert northern plains, wildlife include a variety of birds,
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The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.
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Valley, which is also one of the world's most remote communities. From the late 1960s onwards, Afghanistan was a popular stop on the famous
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struck near the border with Pakistan, killing at least 1,150 people and sparking fears of a major humanitarian crisis. On 7 October 2023, a
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in 642 CE and began spreading eastward; some of the native inhabitants they encountered accepted it while others revolted. Before the
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to those seeking refuge, and revenge for the shedding of blood. The Pashtuns are largely connected to the culture of Central Asia and the
5684:, natural gas, and petroleum. In 2010, US and Afghan government officials estimated that untapped mineral deposits located in 2007 by the
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of Afghanistan. The nation's culinary specialties reflect its ethnic and geographic diversity. Afghanistan is known for its high-quality
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Western nations suspended most of their humanitarian aid to Afghanistan following the Taliban's August 2021 takeover of the country; the
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20609:"Is recent Afghanistan survey data suitable for fertility analysis? A regional investigation based on fertility inhibiting determinants"
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7442:. As there was no colonialism in the modern era in Afghanistan, European-style architecture is rare but does exist: the Victory Arch at
5534:. In 2018, a majority of imports come from either Iran, China, Pakistan and Kazakhstan, while 84% of exports are to Pakistan and India.
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are also found in certain major cities (namely Kabul, Jalalabad, Ghazni, Kandahar) accompanied by gurdwaras and mandirs. According to
5921:, attracting many Europeans and Americans. Coming from Iran, the trail traveled through various Afghan provinces and cities including
2802:. They called on Afghanistan to declare full independence from the United Kingdom, join them and attack British India, as part of the
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3149:. The situation in the country deteriorated under Amin, and thousands of people went missing. Displeased with Amin's government, the
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9171:"Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government"
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for $ 3 billion, making it the biggest foreign investment and private business venture in Afghanistan's history. The state-run
4574:. Afghanistan has a wide variety of birds despite its relatively arid climate – an estimated 460 species of which 235 breed within.
3664:. The United Nations did not recognize the previous Taliban government and chose to work with the then government-in-exile instead.
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ruled parts of the territory. During the medieval period, the northwestern area of Afghanistan was referred to by the regional name
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or horses to transport or carry goods. Camels are primarily used by the Kochi nomads. Bicycles are popular throughout Afghanistan.
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Greek and early Islamic antiquities; the museum suffered greatly by civil war but has been slowly restoring since the early 2000s.
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is $ 2,459 (PPP) and $ 611 by nominal. Despite having $ 1 trillion or more in mineral deposits, it remains one of the world's
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2365:. Mahmud Shah Durrani defeated Shah Shuja and forced him to flee, usurping the throne again. His second reign began on 3 May 1809.
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After 2000 BCE successive waves of semi-nomadic people from Central Asia began moving south into Afghanistan; among them were many
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16805:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"
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Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia
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It was reported in 2006 that nearly 60% of the Afghan population lives within a two-hour walk of the nearest health facility. The
2227:, where he was defeated and forced to retreat back to Afghanistan. He returned the next year in 1749 and captured the area around
1926:. The destruction caused by the Mongols forced many locals to return to an agrarian rural society. Mongol rule continued with the
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The Ring Road is crucially important for domestic and international trade and the economy. A key portion of the Ring Road is the
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flows in an easterly direction to the Indus ending at the Indian Ocean. Afghanistan receives heavy snow during the winter in the
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from the central region southwards. To the south and west of the Hindu Kush flow a number of streams that are tributaries of the
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in the western city of Herat has been renovated in recent years and is a popular attraction. In the north of the country is the
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eventually assumed power. A staunch supporter of the 1915–1916 expeditions, Amanullah Khan invaded British India, beginning the
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7863:) have also been represented in some Bollywood films by actors. Many Bollywood film stars have roots in Afghanistan, including
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15828:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings"
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has been estimated at 4.4. In 2022 it was 4.5, about twice the world average rate. The rate has fallen since the early 1980s.
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1058:. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains
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17413:{{cite news|title=Taliban have suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan, the UN says|date=16 September 2024 |url=
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7343:, a full body covering. These were worn by some women of the Pashtun community well before Islam came to the region, but the
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4605:. The colder high elevation regions are composed of hardy grasses and small flowering plants. Several regions are designated
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Afghans, particularly Pashtuns, are noted for their tribal solidarity and high regard for personal honor. There are various
6928:, who number 500–8,000, practice their faith secretly due to intense societal opposition, and there are no public churches.
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tribe rebelled, and a civil war brewed. During this turbulent period, Afghanistan fractured into many states, including the
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in modern-day southern Afghanistan, used to be primarily Zoroastrian and played a key role in the transfer of the Avesta to
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Private vehicle ownership has increased substantially since the early 2000s. Taxis are yellow and consist of both cars and
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to regain control. Afghanistan remained one of the poorest countries in the world because of a lack of foreign investment,
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city have in recent years been voted Islamic Cultural Capital and South Asia Cultural Capital respectively. The cities of
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and the country's full independence. Several international celebrations are also officially held in Afghanistan, such as
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songs. It has been claimed that Afghanistan is among the biggest markets for the Hindi film industry. The stereotypes of
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plans to cut the infant mortality rate to 400 for every 100,000 live births before 2020. The country has more than 3,000
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5714:(USGS) estimated in 2006 that northern Afghanistan has an average 460 million m (2.9 billion bbl) of
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5238:, Pakistan, and Qatar. Under the previous Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, it enjoyed cordial relations with a number of
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have been found in Afghanistan. Urban civilization is believed to have begun as early as 3000 BCE, and the early city of
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Nasir, Jamal Abdul; Akhtar, Sohail; Zaidi, Syed Arif Ahmed; Rani, Andleeb; Bano, Hina; Hinde, Andrew (16 October 2019).
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is very common. Dari, which is also referred to as Eastern Persian as it is a variety of and mutually intelligible with
5584:, grapes, apricots, melons, and several other fresh and dry fruits. Afghanistan also became the world's top producer of
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Since May 2022, all women in Afghanistan have been required by law to wear full-body coverings when in public (either a
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is another traditional hat originating from the far east of the country; it was popularly worn by the guerrilla leader
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In October 1979 PDPA General Secretary Taraki was assassinated in an internal coup orchestrated by then-prime minister
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As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.
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invaded the country in December 1979, heading for Kabul and killing Amin. A Soviet-organized regime, led by Parcham's
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for possibly planning to sign a peace with the Safavids. Mahmud led the Afghan army in 1722 to the Persian capital of
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2992:, became prime minister in 1946 and experimented with allowing greater political freedom. He was replaced in 1953 by
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serves as the nation's main cricket stadium. There are several other stadiums throughout the country, including the
5780:, which is currently viewed as the country with the largest lithium reserves. Other larger deposits are the ones of
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History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century
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19479:"Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018"
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https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/taliban-suspended-polio-vaccination-campaigns-afghanistan-113720519
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7434:. However, many of its historic monuments have been damaged in modern times due to the civil wars. The two famous
4350:
3593:, 176,000 people were killed in the conflict, including 46,319 civilians, between 2001 and 2021. According to the
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The Afghan government was able to build some democratic structures, adopting a constitution in 2004 with the name
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19966:"Connecting Afghanistan: The rise of technology in governance and society – The Embassy of Afghanistan in London"
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10496:
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries
9148:
9085:
8246:
7837:
7824:. The first Afghan newspaper was published in 1873, and there are hundreds of print outlets today. By the 1920s,
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Three mystical authors are considered true national glories (although claimed with equal ardor by Iran), namely:
6178:
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5824:
5711:
5435:. The service sector contributed the most to the GDP (55.9%) followed by agriculture (23%) and industry (21.1%).
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5338:
in Afghan society; according to the Penal Code, homosexual intimacy is punished by up to a year in prison. Under
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5235:
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4986:, each of which normally covers a city or several villages. Each district is represented by a district governor.
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for women and the opening of co-educational schools, alienated many tribal and religious leaders, leading to the
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2733:
2680:
1787:
1747:
1743:
1546:. These tribes later migrated further into South Asia, Western Asia, and toward Europe via the area north of the
1113:
717:
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19572:
19168:
19142:
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Nicosia, Francis R. (1997). "'Drang Nach Osten' Continued? Germany and Afghanistan during the Weimar Republic".
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and recapture it, incorporating it into the Durrani Empire once again, reintegrating it as a province until the
1294:, and child malnutrition. Afghanistan remains among the world's least developed countries, ranking 180th in the
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11809:
11527:"The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami"
9538:
8028:; usually falling on 20 or 21 December), during which families gather together to recite poetry and eat fruit.
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found in cave murals in the country. A notable art style that developed in Afghanistan and eastern Pakistan is
6989:
6973:. As of 2018 the literacy rate of the population age 15 and older is 43.02% (males 55.48% and females 29.81%).
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The CIA estimated in 2009 that 99.7% of the Afghan population was Muslim and most are thought to adhere to the
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and rice. Accompanying these staples are native fruits and vegetables as well as dairy products such as milk,
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4149:
2888:, was an important figure during this period in the fight for woman's education and against their oppression.
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and ruled Afghanistan until his death in 1879. In his final years, the British returned to Afghanistan in the
1302:
and $ 20.1 billion by nominal values. Per capita, its GDP is among the lowest of any country as of 2020.
27707:
27540:
27183:
26908:
25776:
25166:
24473:
24393:
24388:
24230:
24215:
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21193:
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14403:
14340:
13622:
11330:
9141:
8168:
8062:
7242:
6494:
6429:
6096:
6044:
4994:
4883:
4828:
4797:
4728:
4319:
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4188:". The Hindu Kush ends at the west-central highlands, creating plains in the north and southwest, namely the
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Ahmad Shah Durrani died in October 1772, and a civil war over succession followed, with his named successor,
982:
608:
467:
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184:
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Adrych, Philippa; coins), Robert Bracey (Writer on; Dalglish, Dominic; Lenk, Stefanie; Wood, Rachel (2017).
2708:
declared the new Amir, leading to Britain gaining control of Afghanistan's foreign relations as part of the
2288:. Timur Shah fought multiple series of rebellions to consolidate the empire, and he also led campaigns into
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666:
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Do not destroy the fields, but make the fields dry out.... We are committed to fulfilling the opium decree.
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17043:"Afghanistan's Hekmatyar says heading for Doha with Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah to meet Taliban – Al Jazeera"
15803:
13180:
11326:
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9019:
9014:
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7291:). Men would typically work on the fields, joined by women during harvest. About 15% of the population are
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5811:, with extractions based on gold, iron, lead, and zinc in the provinces of Herat, Ghor, Logar, and Takhar.
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690:
487:
370:
20:
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9967:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
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is prevalent; the legal age for marriage is 16. The most preferred marriage in Afghan society is to one's
3293:. The Taliban were condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic
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22348:"Rug Weavers and Bride Prices in the Northwest: Still expensive in spite of government and Taleban rules"
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at West Point, was a four-year military development institution dedicated to graduating officers for the
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had stated that construction of 8,000 schools is required for the remaining children who are deprived of
6268:
6194:
6186:
5313:
4982:). Each province has a governor and a capital. The country is further divided into nearly 400 provincial
4522:
is a native breed of dog known for its fast speed and its long hair; it is relatively known in the west.
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3340:, later joined by others, to resist the Taliban. Dostum's forces were defeated by the Taliban during the
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15736:"Maps Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields and Geological Provinces of South Asia (Includes Afghanistan)"
14810:"An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel"
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in 2010. In March 2023, however, cannabis production was banned by a decree from Hibatullah Akhundzada.
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in October 2021. Human Rights Watch reported on 11 November 2021 that Afghanistan was facing widespread
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and was influential in social change. During this time female artists also started appearing, at first
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2872:. He introduced several reforms intended to modernize his nation. A key force behind these reforms was
2645:
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1407:) can be traced to the early eighth/fourteenth century, when it designated the easternmost part of the
940:
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Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.
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15608:
14930:"Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022 | Figures | Costs of War"
14840:"Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support"
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18086:"Top Taliban leader makes more promises on women's rights but quips 'naughty women' should stay home"
17105:"Ousted Afghan President Ashraf Ghani resurfaces in UAE after fleeing Kabul, Emirati government says"
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Gradually there emerged a fabulous syncretism between the Hellenistic world and the Buddhist universe
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7968:, grapes, and sweet melons. Tea is a favorite drink among Afghans. A typical Afghan diet consists of
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7218:. Some non-Pashtuns who live in proximity with Pashtuns have adopted Pashtunwali in a process called
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1140:, among others, rose to form major empires. Because of the various conquests and periods in both the
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6161:. Airlines from a number of countries also provide flights in and out of the country. These include
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3586:, with resistance fighters retreating to the mountains. Clashes in the valley ceased mid-September.
1290:. Due to the effects of war in recent decades, the country has dealt with high levels of terrorism,
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23112:"International Workers Day 2024: List of Countries that Celebrate Labor Day on 1st May, Check Here"
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17228:"Taliban to Follow Iran Model in Afghanistan; Reclusive Hibatullah Akhundzada to be Supreme Leader"
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11863:"The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa"
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26:"Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" redirects here. For the state that existed from 1996 to 2001, see
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as the Pakistani government provided these rebels with covert training centers, the United States
2798:, when Afghanistan was neutral, Habibullah Khan was met by officials of the central powers in the
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21523:"UN is seeking to verify that Afghanistan's Taliban are letting girls study at religious schools"
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14465:"Body Count – Casualty Figures after 10 Years of the 'War on Terror' – Iraq Afghanistan Pakistan"
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5937:. Tourism peaked in 1977, the year before the start of political instability and armed conflict.
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4925:. According to the report, the new government will take place within the framework of an amended
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2534:. In 1837, Dost Mohammad Khan attempted to conquer Peshawar and sent a large force under his son
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1982:
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is the country's capital and largest city. According to the World Population review, as of 2023,
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Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J.G.; Phillip Sponenberg, D. (9 March 2016).
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11295:. Vol. 6. Sir H. M. Elliot. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 8. Archived from
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stupas, monasteries, monuments, temples and Islamic minarets. Among the most well known are the
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area where earthquakes may occur almost every year. They can be deadly and destructive, causing
2876:, an ardent supporter of the education of women. He fought for Article 68 of Afghanistan's 1923
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Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.
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7895:, and a number of others. Several Bollywood films have been shot inside Afghanistan, including
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One of the main drivers for the current economic recovery is the return of over 5 million
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Since the late 1970s, Afghanistan's history has been dominated by extensive warfare, including
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in 1919, Afghanistan became free of foreign political hegemony, and emerged as the independent
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The lands of Afghanistan have a long history of art, with the world's earliest known usage of
6946:
UNESCO Institute of Statistics Afghanistan Literacy Rate among population aged 15+ (1980–2018)
6722:, each at 9%. A further 10 other ethnic groups are recognized and each are represented in the
5355:
Religious minorities such as Sikhs, Hindus, and Christians have reportedly faced persecution.
3178: and displaced about 6 million people who subsequently fled Afghanistan, mainly to
3161:. Lasting nine years, the war caused the deaths of between 562,000 and 2 million Afghans,
2918:
Mohammed Zahir Shah succeeded to the throne and reigned as king from 1933 to 1973. During the
2301:
in 1772 after Ahmad Shah's death. Following this victory, Timur Shah was able to lay siege to
2215:
during his reign, beginning in 1748. Crossing the Indus River, his armies sacked and absorbed
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19922:"'A remarkable development': How Western tourism is on the rise in this controversial nation"
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14535:"US withdrawal triggered catastrophic defeat of Afghan forces, damning watchdog report finds"
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people by the combined forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.
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also halted their payments. More than half of Afghanistan's 39 million people faced an acute
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however, re-started the conflict, and Yaqub Khan was deposed. During this tumultuous period,
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2451:, installed many of his brothers in positions of power throughout the empire. Fateh Khan was
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Chasing Tales: Travel Writing, Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan
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In Afghanistan girls can marry at 16, or at 15 with permission from their father or a judge.
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15913:, as Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has noted, Afghanistan is itself a Central Asian country.
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14913:
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Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox".
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The last census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979, and was itself incomplete. Due to the
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When it comes to foreign languages among the populace, many are able to speak or understand
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city that year, they conquered more territories until finally driving out the government of
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16561:"Afghanistan: Earthquakes in Herat Province, Health Situation Report No. 12, November 2023"
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captured a large amount of weapons, hardware, vehicles, aerocrafts, and equipment from the
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was made in Qatar. The deal was one of the critical events that caused the collapse of the
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2160:, however, he was forced to retreat after four months. In November 1750, he moved to siege
1889:. The Ghurids controlled Afghanistan for less than a century before being conquered by the
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Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis;
15759:
15439:"Afghanistan Facing Famine: UN, World Bank, US Should Adjust Sanctions, Economic Policies"
7141:. In spite of all this, many Afghans travel to Pakistan and India for advanced treatment.
6101:
2001:, which was commonly used up to the 19th century among natives to describe their country.
8:
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Wickramasekara, Piyasiri; Sehgal, Jag; Mehran, Farhad; Noroozi, Ladan; Eisazadeh, Saeid.
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19805:
17496:
17174:
15756:"University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center"
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3348:, began sending thousands of Pakistanis to help the Taliban defeat the Northern Alliance.
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21450:"Taliban reverses decision, barring Afghan girls from attending school beyond 6th grade"
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Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban
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for head covering; some women, typically from highly conservative communities, wear the
6714:, comprising 27% of the country's population. The other two major ethnic groups are the
3646:
2623:, a de facto puppet of the British. Following an uprising that saw the assassination of
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to the Afghans, as well as accept Afghan sovereignty. Following this, Ahmad Shah sieged
1527:
stretched up towards modern-day Afghanistan. An Indus Valley site has been found on the
196:
27612:
27588:
27545:
27163:
27158:
27084:
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25743:
25723:
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13797:
13471:
Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban
13098:
13028:
12913:, Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), 12–13 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
12666:
12558:
12068:
12060:
11998:
11773:
11662:
Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the War against the Taliban
11109:
11101:
10434:"'Afghanistan and the Silk Road: The land at the heart of world trade' by Bijan Omrani"
9370:
Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene
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7691:
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7371:
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rescinded and schools for older girls remained closed. Despite the ban, six provinces,
6769:
6568:
6166:
5753:
5726:(CNPC) for the development of three oil fields along the Amu Darya river in the north.
5653:
5504:
5374:
5304:. The total value of the captured equipment has been estimated at US$ 83 billion.
5175:
5130:
4887:
4879:
4743:
4139:
4119:
3656:
to formally claim Afghanistan's seat as a member state for their official spokesman in
3528:
3465:
3451:
and provide basic security. By this time, after two decades of war as well as an acute
3419:
3390:
3329:
2951:
2724:
began his rise to power, becoming an eligible candidate to become Amir after he seized
2709:
2688:
2669:
2624:
2612:
2611:, but surrendered following his victory. He was replaced with the former Durrani ruler
2527:
2515:
2507:
2484:
2420:
2374:
2354:
2317:
2310:
2264:
2251:
2201:
2117:
2111:
2095:
2060:
1986:
1656:
1575:
1432:
1317:
1157:
1089:
617:
602:
21285:
16279:
9368:
8793:
7480:
7070:
6484:
2732:, and was declared Amir, being recognized by the British as well. Another uprising by
1180:. From India, the British attempted to subjugate Afghanistan but were repelled in the
1152:, Buddhism, Hinduism, and later Islam. The modern state of Afghanistan began with the
27692:
27601:
27550:
27234:
27075:
26944:
26731:
26726:
26721:
26108:
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25753:
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23859:
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23773:
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23603:
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10758:
10730:
10700:
10673:
10642:
10596:
10571:
10500:
10267:
10233:
Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (1998). Ancient cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. pp.96
10202:
10102:
10094:
10051:
10001:
9648:
9608:
9377:
8909:
8897:
8845:
8578:
8214:(ACB) is the official governing body of the sport and is headquartered in Kabul. The
8180:
7944:
Afghan cuisine is largely based upon the nation's chief crops, such as wheat, maize,
7833:
7817:
7584:
was a prominent Afghan painter and sketch artist from Kabul during the 20th century.
7565:
7561:
7530:
7447:
7149:
7053:
7017:
6925:
6797:
6737:
6514:
5829:
5603:
5170:
5160:
5140:
5095:
5050:
4824:
4671:
4399:
4283:. However, two-thirds of the country's water flows into the neighboring countries of
4185:
3653:
3583:
3337:
3239:
3119:
2955:
2853:
2786:
2737:
2721:
2394:
2083:
1878:
1379:
1321:
535:
25502:
22117:
21011:
17702:"White House defends letting billions in military equipment fall into Taliban hands"
16952:
15775:
15020:"Karzai says while the war has ended, unity has not yet been achieved | Ariana News"
13025:"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity"
12878:
12562:
11559:
8264:, played by horsemen in two teams, each trying to grab and hold a goat carcass. The
8014:, another nationally celebrated ancient tradition, commemorates the ancient goddess
6277:
5545:, blocking the Taliban from accessing billions of dollars held in US bank accounts.
4643:
3028:
than any other country. In 1973, while the King was in Italy, Daoud Khan launched a
2063:
and proclaimed himself King of Persia. The Afghan dynasty was ousted from Persia by
27249:
27244:
25657:
25322:
25287:
25272:
25026:
24054:
23994:
23769:
History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878
23678:
22953:
20670:
20638:
20628:
19490:
18354:"Field Listing :: GDP – composition, by sector of origin – The World Factbook"
16842:
16824:
16623:
16615:
16534:
15150:
14344:
13441:
12899:
12550:
12052:
11990:
11765:
11382:
11085:
11017:
10537:
9241:
9233:
9207:
8984:
8889:
8512:
8508:
8375:
8195:
7884:
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enforced this dress on women when they were in power. Another popular dress is the
7103:
7041:
7025:
7013:
7009:
6981:
6809:
6789:
6745:
6622:
6312:
6225:
6182:
5616:
5607:
5557:
rose to be the best performing currency in the world, climbing over 9% against the
5415:
Afghanistan's nominal GDP was $ 20.1 billion in 2020, or $ 81 billion by
5155:
5145:
5120:
5085:
5075:
5035:
5030:
4533:
4445:
4382:
4217:
4135:
3546:
3456:
3345:
3253:
3029:
2989:
2984:
Until 1946 King Zahir ruled with the assistance of his uncle, who held the post of
2958:
in 1934. The 1930s saw the development of roads, infrastructure, the founding of a
2736:
threatened the British, where rebels confronted and defeated British forces in the
2559:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2448:
2428:
2153:
2079:
2048:
1998:
1934:
administered the Afghan tribal areas south of the Hindu Kush until the invasion of
1854:
1839:
1730:. Much of the northeastern and southern areas of the country remained dominated by
1479:
1419:
empires that were inhabited by Afghans. While based on a state-supporting elite of
1059:
950:
23789:
23354:"Afghanistan Makes History in Cricket World Cup, Despite Debut Loss to Bangladesh"
22908:
21710:
17427:
14990:"One year later, Austin acknowledges lasting questions over Afghanistan war's end"
11994:
11769:
10956:
10285:"Chronological History of Afghanistan – the cradle of Gandharan civilisation"
10090:
5702:
estimated that if Afghanistan generates about $ 10 billion per year from its
5537:
Since the Taliban's takeover of the country in August 2021, the United States has
5499:, and other cities. An estimated 400,000 people enter the labor market each year.
3561:
and quickly advanced in front of collapsing Afghan government forces. The Taliban
2672:
and internal religious leaders pressured Dost Mohammad to invade India during the
27510:
27254:
27153:
27148:
27143:
26569:
26394:
26389:
25866:
25630:
25618:
25327:
24982:
24698:
23999:
23923:
23853:
23832:
23811:
23767:
23743:
23722:
23701:
23658:
23637:
23575:
23554:
23533:
23460:
23297:
23094:"Afghan Hindus and Sikhs celebrate Diwali without 'pomp and splendour' amid fear"
23019:
22970:
No More "us" and "them": Classroom Lessons and Activities to Promote Peer Respect
22968:
21976:
21279:
20981:
20945:
20633:
20495:
19965:
19369:
19327:
19257:. Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security Report. 2011. Archived from
19176:
18559:
17851:
17656:
16899:
16596:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution"
16078:
15556:
15080:"Hamid Karzai stays on in Afghanistan — hoping for the best, but unable to leave"
14877:
14471:
13700:
13631:
13541:
13415:
13249:
12906:
12775:
12173:
12134:
11825:
The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901
11823:
11801:
11687:
11446:
11220:
10244:
10196:
10168:
8801:
8772:
8765:
8573:
8472:
8331:
8297:
8078:
8019:
7785:
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7652:
of the 17th century is considered the national poet. Other notable poets include
7615:, monstrous creatures. Thursdays are traditionally "poetry night" in the city of
7612:
7608:
7573:
7312:
7246:
7238:
7207:
7191:
7049:
7037:
6970:
6919:
6777:
6640:
6604:
6586:
6304:
6272:
6202:
6054:
5881:
5857:
and wind power plants have been constructed. Currently under development are the
5757:
5611:
5484:
5329:
5185:
5180:
5165:
5150:
5135:
5115:
5100:
5065:
5060:
5045:
5007:
4827:, the former chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former
4598:
4548:
4449:
4370:
4304:
4276:
4256:
4177:
4158:
4154:
3696:
3575:
3484:
3404:
3370:
3214:
from clergy, community elders, intelligentsia, and military in favor of powerful
3183:
3142:
3101:
3085:
3025:
2861:
2849:
2795:
2773:
2491:
2476:
2382:
2164:, but he was unable to capture the city and was forced to retreat in early 1751.
2040:
1831:
1691:
1652:
1632:
1520:
1216:
1212:
681:
222:
53:
25998:
25507:
22399:"War and Pillaging Couldn't Break an Afghan Village, but a Tumbling Economy May"
20554:
20038:"Going in Circles: The never-ending story of Afghanistan's unfinished Ring Road"
19997:"Going in Circles: The never-ending story of Afghanistan's unfinished Ring Road"
19825:"Bamyan, First Ever Cultural Capital of South Asia: A big party, but what else?"
18523:
16926:
15533:
12425:
10755:
Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society
9756:
Watkins, Andrew H. (November 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
8343:
Other demonyms that have been used are Afghani, Afghanese and Afghanistani (see
7450:
in Kabul were built in this style in the 1920s. Afghan architecture also ranges
6138:
6135:. Traveling by bus in Afghanistan remains dangerous due to militant activities.
5861:
project which will transmit electricity from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the
5633:
5399:
4764:
4346:
2407:
1643:
until they were overthrown in about 185 BCE. Their decline began 60 years after
1431:
The term "Afghanistan" was officially used in 1855, when the British recognized
27173:
27110:
27100:
26959:
26811:
26349:
26344:
26339:
26334:
26003:
25993:
25763:
25669:
25332:
25292:
25277:
24539:
24468:
24034:
23015:
21475:"Afghanistan: Six provinces keep schools open for girls despite nationwide ban"
21307:
21006:
21004:
20994:
19602:
19600:
19037:"Opium cultivation declines by 95 per cent in Afghanistan: UN survey | UN News"
19036:
18962:
18327:
18176:
17759:
17598:
17366:"The Taliban confirm they will attend a UN-led meeting in Qatar on Afghanistan"
17339:
17317:
16873:
16829:
16651:
15232:
15176:
14277:
14251:
13694:'Trump calls out Pakistan, India as he pledges to 'fight to win' in Afghanistan
12056:
11448:
The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th–19th Centuries)
10952:
10355:
10288:
8250:
8101:
8074:
7933:
7928:
7769:
7742:
7419:
7403:
7321:
7316:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7033:
6911:
in September 2021, 250 remain in the country after 67 were evacuated to India.
6908:
6866:
6858:
6785:
6773:
6658:
6550:
6545:
6532:
6499:
6475:
6363:
6282:
6209:
6066:
6050:
5980:
5945:
5595:
5554:
5496:
5450:
5442:
5262:. In 2012, the United States and the then-republic in Afghanistan signed their
5190:
5125:
5110:
5105:
5090:
5080:
5055:
5040:
4910:
4737:
4610:
4594:
4570:
4538:
4433:
4311:
4300:
4123:
3931:
3661:
3567:
3366:
3305:, burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes.
3302:
2825:
2807:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2472:
2358:
2321:
2277:
2240:
2220:
2129:
2107:
1970:
1939:
1931:
1886:
1803:
1795:
1761:
1711:
1660:
1563:
1424:
1271:
1177:
1173:
1153:
1149:
1101:
918:
572:
545:
394:
352:
22485:
22135:
21370:
19591:"Afghanistan Resurrects its Largest Hydropower Plant Toward a Brighter Future"
18878:
17993:
Afghan clerics call for Christian convert to be killed despite Western outrage
17991:
15498:
14780:"Anti-Taliban forces say they've taken three districts in Afghanistan's north"
14492:"U.S. War on Terror has reportedly killed 1.3 million people in a decade"
13647:
13000:(2006 1st ed.). I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., London New York. p. 352.
12735:
12554:
11936:
11089:
10696:
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In
8893:
8630:
7619:
when men, women and children gather and recite both ancient and modern poems.
4082:
At over 652,864 km (252,072 sq mi), Afghanistan is the world's
2683:
to Herat. Following his death, a civil war ensued among his sons, prominently
2144:
from the Mughal appointed governor, Nasir Khan. Ahmad Shah had then conquered
2098:
who had assisted him on these campaigns. Nader Shah was assassinated in 1747.
1790:, the region used to be home to various beliefs and cults, often resulting in
1594:
and is thus considered by some to be the "second homeland of Zoroastrianism".
1491:
in the historical value of its archaeological sites. Artifacts typical of the
27666:
27485:
27433:
27367:
27269:
27105:
27001:
26841:
25831:
25352:
25342:
25337:
25307:
25302:
25282:
25267:
25262:
25134:
24992:
24272:
24024:
23989:
22238:
21919:
21891:
21636:
21342:
20826:
20257:
19495:
19478:
17932:
17893:
17466:
16838:
16424:
Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194
15122:
14722:
14060:
12841:"Afghanistan: Land Mines From Afghan-Soviet War Leave Bitter Legacy (Part 2)"
11097:
10106:
8980:"Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan"
8901:
8582:
8481:
8238:
8121:
7997:
7961:
7915:
7892:
7868:
7757:
7603:
7580:
periods. Since the 1900s, the nation began to use Western techniques in art.
7355:
6757:
6248:
6208:
The country has three rail links: one, a 75-kilometre (47 mi) line from
6120:
6106:
6008:
5458:
5432:
5070:
4922:
4894:. Beneath the supreme leader, day-to-day governance will be entrusted to the
4891:
4770:
4688:
4485:
4481:
4441:
4264:
4216:, at 7,492 m (24,580 ft) above sea level. The lowest point lies in
3996:
3676:
3579:
3351:
3308:
3164:
3154:
2939:
2749:
2692:
2589:
2436:
2181:
2177:
2133:
2125:
2087:
2032:
2020:
2010:
1765:
1699:
1695:
1639:
as part of an alliance treaty. The Mauryans controlled the area south of the
1636:
1543:
1470:
1416:
1279:
1145:
1137:
1109:
975:
531:
525:
361:
260:
247:
76:
26613:
24642:
23264:"South Asian Games: Shooters, swimmers shine as India consolidate dominance"
21001:
20184:
is the country's No. 2 airline after national carrier Ariana Afghan Airlines
19626:"The Power of Nature: How Renewable Energy is Changing Lives in Afghanistan"
19597:
19196:
Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of Northern Afghanistan, 2006
18204:"'Despair is settling in': female suicides on rise in Taliban's Afghanistan"
15583:"'What's wrong?': The silence of Pakistanis on expulsion of Afghan refugees"
14718:"The Afghan government's collapse is a humiliation for the US and Joe Biden"
9376:. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346.
7733:
which are also known in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East. The
5472:
2980:, the last reigning monarch of Afghanistan, who reigned from 1933 until 1973
1702:, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making
1623:
and his Macedonian forces arrived in Afghanistan in 330 BCE after defeating
27480:
27168:
26857:
26531:
25983:
25948:
25464:
25357:
25312:
25257:
25252:
25235:
25220:
25189:
25047:
24926:
24891:
24009:
23456:
21765:
20652:
20181:
20106:
19533:"Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) – Afghanistan | Data"
18295:
17964:
17318:"Afghanistan: Taliban deputy denies reports of leadership row in new video"
17200:
16856:
16637:
16619:
15411:
14688:"President Ashraf Ghani Flees Afghanistan, Taliban Take Over Kabul: Report"
14660:
14539:
14376:
13667:
11489:
11391:
10261:
The quest for the origins of Vedic culture: the Indo-Aryan migration debate
9974:
9765:
9699:
9543:
8265:
8137:
8070:
7957:
7781:
7557:
7549:
7545:
7525:
7361:
7301:. When nomads pass villages they often buy supplies such as tea, wheat and
7297:
7234:
6741:
6221:
5918:
5769:
5637:
5227:
border issue and alleged Pakistani involvement in Afghan insurgent groups.
4902:
4844:
4816:
4722:
4519:
4429:
4421:
4374:
4295:
4288:
4193:
4115:
4070:
4042:
3757:
3631:
3488:
3436:
3373:. Around 400,000 Afghans died in internal conflicts between 1990 and 2001.
3127:
3017:
3005:
3001:
2967:
2885:
2873:
2857:
2596:
2563:
2499:
2193:
2052:
2024:
1978:
1907:
1719:
1680:
1482:. Early peasant farming villages came into existence about 7,000 years ago.
1412:
1247:
received little international recognition before its overthrow in the 2001
1165:
1141:
1063:
1027:
1003:
473:
429:
343:
298:
147:
22511:"FEATURE: In Western Afghanistan, an ancient love of poetry thrives again"
21901:
20947:
Afghanistan – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture
20394:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding, 2 Volume Pack
18988:
18496:
18291:"Taliban dissolves Afghanistan's human rights commission as 'unnecessary'"
17073:
15407:"'Countdown to catastrophe': half of Afghans face hunger this winter – UN"
15258:
15050:"Briefing by Special Representative Deborah Lyons to the Security Council"
14630:"Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues"
14305:"Landmark Afghanistan Presidential Election Held Under Shadow of Violence"
12309:"Afghanistan: History Of 1973 Coup Sheds Light On Relations With Pakistan"
9245:
8226:. Domestically, cricket is played between teams from different provinces.
8004:, Nowruz is typically celebrated with music and dance, as well as holding
7560:
between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. Later eras saw increased use of the
4416:
3064:
2821:
1869:
into an important city and patronized intellectuals such as the historian
1714:
continued to rule at least parts of the region. They were followed by the
27427:
27178:
27115:
26836:
25625:
25613:
25317:
25146:
24876:
24816:
24811:
24569:
24004:
23425:"In Afghanistan's National Pastime, It's Better to Be a Hero Than a Goat"
21253:
19386:
19064:
Preliminary Assessment of Non-Fuel Mineral Resources of Afghanistan, 2007
18084:
Shelley, Jo; Popalzai, Ehsan; Mengli, Ahmet; Picheta, Rob (19 May 2022).
15715:
12993:
11907:"Afghan Women Hope for More Gains Under New Administration – Afghanistan"
9080:
8303:
8141:
8036:
7993:
7903:
7888:
7864:
7825:
7821:
7761:
7753:
7661:
7553:
7538:
7534:
7327:
7250:
7223:
7195:
7133:
in the country. Some of the other leading hospitals in Kabul include the
6617:
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5898:
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5792:
5741:
5476:
5428:
5224:
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4614:
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4268:
4260:
4111:
4107:
4091:
3570:
proclaimed himself caretaker president and announced the formation of an
3508:
3186:. Heavy air bombardment destroyed many countryside villages, millions of
3150:
2963:
2899:. King Amanullah abdicated in January 1929, and soon after Kabul fell to
2815:
2753:
2547:
2503:
2440:
2398:
2044:
1896:
1815:
1727:
1648:
1610:
1547:
1492:
1015:
22246:
22222:
19015:"Afghan opium poppy cultivation plunges by 95 percent under Taliban: UN"
18177:"Afghanistan's female TV presenters must cover their faces, say Taliban"
16652:"Afghanistan | History, Map, Flag, Capital, Population, & Languages"
15291:"Taliban Name Their Deputy Ministers, Doubling Down On An All-Male Team"
12900:'Mujahidin vs. Communists: Revisiting the battles of Jalalabad and Khost
12768:
11795:
In Defence of British India: Great Britain in the Middle East, 1775–1842
11777:
11105:
11073:
8031:
As a predominantly Muslim country, Islamic events and festivals such as
6706:
groups. According to research data by several institutions in 2019, the
6027:
estimates of between 7,000 and 10,000. This is however, threatened from
5230:
The present Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is currently internationally
3297:
law, which resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans, especially
3114:
guerrillas) against regime forces countrywide. It quickly turned into a
2479:, and numerous other warring polities. The most prominent state was the
27224:
27214:
26755:
26545:
26503:
26475:
26461:
26433:
25816:
25706:
25598:
25577:
25225:
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25210:
25205:
24936:
24911:
24826:
24806:
24756:
24726:
24716:
24297:
24292:
23928:
21591:
21331:"A Harsh New Reality for Afghan Women and Girls in Taliban-Run Schools"
19859:
19558:
18931:
18684:"Taliban blames U.S. as 1 million Afghan kids face death by starvation"
17997:
17729:"Staggering Costs – U.S. Military Equipment Left Behind In Afghanistan"
17684:"Biden will rescind Afghanistan's designation as a major non-NATO ally"
15381:"Afghanistan: Can the Taliban avert a food crisis without foreign aid?"
14136:"Wikileaks: Pakistan accused of helping Taliban in Afghanistan attacks"
13095:"Afghanistan: The massacre in Mazar-i Sharif. (Chapter II: Background)"
12840:
12432:
12308:
11981:
Wyatt, Christopher (2 September 2015). "Afghanistan in the Great War".
11196:
Mountstuart Elphinstone in South Asia: Pioneer of British Colonial Rule
9890:"Taliban Takeover Puts Afghanistan's Cashmere, Silk Industries at Risk"
8922:"Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule"
7880:
7872:
7777:
7722:
7510:
7497:
7485:
7475:
7463:
7439:
7431:
7427:
7376:
7276:
7190:. In the southern and eastern region, the people live according to the
7145:
6296:
6237:
6217:
5873:
5846:
5838:
5508:
5454:
5348:
5339:
4863:
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4848:
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4647:
4465:
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4220:
along the Amu River bank, at 258 m (846 ft) above sea level.
4165:
4087:
4033:
3812:
3790:
3779:
3668:
3106:
2765:
2345:
2197:
2094:, Nader Shah had plundered Delhi, alongside his 16-year-old commander,
2075:
2064:
1862:
1847:
1791:
1723:
1684:
1640:
1579:
1528:
1504:
1496:
1337:
1228:
1169:
1067:
1043:
1035:
1007:
433:
22365:
19146:
17525:. Urban Institute Center on International Development and Governance.
17493:"Explaining Elections, Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan"
17288:"New 'inclusive' Afghanistan government to be announced soon: Taliban"
15665:"Over 1 mn Afghan children facing severe malnutrition, says WHO chief"
12064:
9236:(10 March 2023). "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader".
8611:
8511:, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan as
6281:
A Cold War-era CIA map showing traditional Afghan tribal territories.
4785:
4629:
mean score of 8.85/10, ranking it 15th globally out of 172 countries.
3599:
fighting between the Taliban and the local branch of the Islamic State
2756:, which forms the modern-day border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
2435:
By the early 19th century the Afghan empire was under threat from the
1635:
controlled the region until 305 BCE, when they gave much of it to the
1554:. By the middle of the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenids overthrew the
27723:
Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
26826:
26801:
26785:
25664:
25546:
25100:
24901:
24896:
24776:
24307:
20590:
19800:"When Afghanistan was just a laid-back highlight on the hippie trail"
19683:"Coronavirus shatters tourism hopes in Afghanistan's Bamyan province"
17884:
15609:"Afghans Banned From 16 Provinces In Iran As Forced Exodus Continues"
14959:
14906:"In Panjshir, Few Signs of an Active Resistance, or Any Fight at All"
14869:
Kazmin, Amy; Findlay, Stephanie; Bokhari, Farhan (6 September 2021).
14656:"Afghanistan stunned by scale and speed of security forces' collapse"
13177:"Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists"
11045:
8569:"The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?"
8357:
8223:
8129:
7897:
7844:
7718:
7423:
7203:
7199:
7187:
7111:
6837:
6563:
6371:
6344:
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6070:
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5877:
5858:
5749:
5738:
5715:
5271:
4602:
4578:
4495:
4386:
4378:
4362:
4323:
4244:
4240:
4189:
4169:
4024:
4015:
3974:
3950:
3115:
2947:
2900:
2761:
2015:
1943:
1927:
1870:
1858:
1707:
1672:
1664:
1631:. Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the
1583:
1571:
1559:
1532:
1500:
1298:. Afghanistan's gross domestic product (GDP) is $ 81 billion by
20390:
19316:
China, Not U.S., Likely to Benefit from Afghanistan's Mineral Riches
19289:(Technical report). USGS. Open-File Report 2011–1207. Archived from
19258:
19074:/Afghanistan Geological Survey. Fact Sheet 2007–3063. Archived from
18769:"Taliban Controls the World's Best Performing Currency This Quarter"
18637:"Sales of Afghanistan's renowned carpets unravel as war intensifies"
17517:
14757:
14508:"220,000 killed in US war in Afghanistan 80,000 in Pakistan: report"
13408:"Confidential UN report details mass killings of civilian villagers"
13125:"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001"
13056:"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001"
12536:"Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths"
11289:"Chapter 200: Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History"
10350:
10348:
8043:
are widely celebrated annually in Afghanistan. The Sikh festival of
7398:
Kabul skyline, displaying both historical and contemporary buildings
5219:, with which a friendship treaty was signed in 1950. Relations with
3582:. However, by 6 September, the Taliban had taken control of most of
3264:
factions. Amid a state of anarchy and factional infighting, various
2324:
following the death of his father, Timur Shah Durrani. His brothers
2156:, 1750–1751 and 1754–1755. His first campaign had seen the siege of
1914:. His troops are said to have annihilated the Khwarazmian cities of
1332:
27555:
27495:
27372:
27204:
27120:
27095:
27027:
26780:
26770:
26489:
25926:
25652:
25642:
25119:
Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.
24977:
24916:
24871:
24851:
24846:
24841:
24741:
24584:
24317:
24302:
24277:
23186:"Traditional Dambora Musical Festival organized in Bamyan province"
22835:"Bollywood's Panipat irks Afghans over founding father's portrayal"
22725:
22463:
21793:"Afghanistan: People living with disabilities call for integration"
21734:"Empowering Afghanistan's Disabled Population – 31 March 2006"
20513:. Worldmeters. 2020. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020
19608:"Power to the People: How to extend Afghans' access to electricity"
18687:
16900:"Afghanistan: Taliban increasingly violent against protesters – UN"
16530:
15263:
14601:
14407:
14309:
12471:
11558:(Thesis). University of Multan, MULTAN. p. 159. Archived from
11284:
10957:"Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan"
9950:
9927:
9834:"Morocco seizes over 840 kg of cannabis – Xinhua | English.news.cn"
9669:"Professing Faith: Religious traditions in Afghanistan are diverse"
8503:
regards Afghanistan as a bordering country, as it considers all of
8257:
8106:
8044:
8005:
7765:
7506:
7496:
is an ancient practice in Afghanistan, and many of these are still
7407:
7302:
7272:
6833:
6765:
6761:
6707:
6509:
6462:
6355:
6336:
6170:
6058:
5992:
5968:
5926:
5842:
5745:
5734:
5710:
would double and provide long-term funding for critical needs. The
5657:
5585:
4906:
4586:
4515:
4503:
4473:
4366:
4248:
4197:
4131:
3908:
3878:
3431:
In December 2001, after the Taliban government was overthrown, the
3412:
3282:
3215:
3195:
3187:
3080:(PDPA) seized power in a bloody coup d'état against then-President
3021:
2836:
After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the
2511:
2460:
2329:
2281:
2273:
2141:
2121:
1990:
1966:
1951:
1874:
1843:
1811:
1799:
1731:
1715:
1706:
flourish throughout the region. The Kushans were overthrown by the
1703:
1606:
1602:
1587:
1582:
in a list of the 29 countries that he had conquered. The region of
1516:
1512:
1508:
1399:
The name Afghanistan (Afghānistān, land of the Afghans / Pashtuns,
1370:
1355:
1327:
1011:
970:
928:
156:
151:
22286:"In Afghanistan, weaving ancient industry back into global market"
22223:"THE AFGHAN ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA: An historical study, 1451–1526"
20846:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
13940:"Limbs of No Body: The World's Indifference to the Afghan Tragedy"
13714:"WPO Poll: Afghan Public Overwhelmingly Rejects al-Qaeda, Taliban"
13204:(Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997.
10338:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 133.
10317:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 133.
8268:(a type of running dog) originated in Afghanistan and was used in
8011:
7741:
instrument. Some of the famous artists of classical music include
7121:, with the most advanced treatments being available in Kabul. The
6896:
Factbook variously estimates up to 89.7% Sunni or up to 15% Shia.
6347:. Urbanization has increased rapidly, particularly in the capital
6153:
Air transport in Afghanistan is provided by the national carrier,
5367:
4917:
known as the Supreme Council with anywhere from 11 to 72 members.
4687:
consultative meeting that was mainly organized for choosing a new
3206:
until the communist regime under People's Democratic Party leader
2679:
Dost Mohammad died in June 1863, a few weeks after his successful
27259:
26831:
26051:
26046:
24941:
24856:
24836:
24721:
24711:
24368:
24287:
23139:"International Women's Day: Afghan Women Endure Gender Apartheid"
22208:
21890:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
20370:"The Possibility of Introducing a Regular Bus System in Kandahar"
18821:"Unlocking the Potential of Agriculture for Afghanistan's Growth"
18261:"Activists sound alarm over surge in suicides among Afghan women"
18024:"Taliban orders head-to-toe coverings for Afghan women in public"
17135:"Ghani says he backs talks as Taliban meet with Karzai, Abdullah"
14314:
11138:
Periods of World History: A Latin American Perspective – Page 129
10345:
9953:
9926:
cf: "Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
8953:"Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban"
8785:
8504:
8344:
8149:
8145:
8117:
8032:
7773:
7726:
7577:
7529:
stones were earthed in modern-day Afghanistan which were used in
7520:
7516:
7493:
7443:
7344:
7292:
7182:
6715:
6699:
6686:
6599:
6264:
6158:
6020:
5854:
5804:
5781:
5777:
5730:
5649:
5645:
5644:
The country's natural resources include: coal, copper, iron ore,
5591:
5574:
5569:
4978:
4952:
4684:
4543:
4525:
4491:
4395:
4223:
4201:
4098:. Clockwise from south-west, Afghanistan shares borders with the
4095:
3684:
3554:
3549:
announced on 14 April 2021 that the alliance had agreed to start
3403:
to remove the Taliban from power after they refused to hand over
3281:, who soon had military support from Pakistan. Taking control of
3273:
emerged in September 1994 as a movement and militia of students (
3270:
3135:
3012:
was formed, and the first non-royal prime minister was sworn in.
2997:
2943:
2881:
2745:
2328:
and Humayun Mirza revolted against him, with Humayun centered in
2189:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2157:
2149:
2056:
2036:
1994:
1835:
1823:
1668:
1614:
1567:
1420:
1359:
1345:
1275:
1263:
1240:
437:
416:
411:
325:
310:
26970:
23298:"Precious moments of unity touch Afghans after football triumph"
22722:"Suspects Sentenced To Death For Killing Journalist in Kandahar"
22172:"Afghanistan Art and Architecture | Afghanistan's Web Site"
21308:"Afghanistan: Girls excluded as Afghan secondary schools reopen"
21141:"Afghanistan: What does Taliban rule mean for Sikhs and Hindus?"
20368:
Rahmat, Mohibullah; Mizokami, Shoshi; Fujiwara, Akimasa (2018).
18659:"Afghanistan trade balance, exports and imports by country 2019"
17847:"LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds"
17340:"Afghanistan: Women protest against all-male Taliban government"
16427:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.
15151:"گروه طالبان حکومت جدید خود را با رهبری ملا حسن اخوند اعلام کرد"
15111:"Shifting to Governing, Taliban Will Name Supreme Afghan Leader"
13171:
13169:
7394:
7256:
5959:
has significant history and historical sites, and together with
5491:
near Jalalabad. Similar development projects have also begun in
2019:
Map of the Hotak Empire at its height in 1728, disputed between
1350:
27738:
Countries and territories where Persian is an official language
26862:
26760:
26517:
25603:
25395:
25158:
24997:
24921:
24886:
24821:
24801:
24791:
24751:
24736:
24731:
24322:
24312:
24282:
23772:(Elibron Classic Replica ed.). Adamant Media Corporation.
23406:"Afghanistan's buzkashi horses prepare for the game of courage"
21221:"'Last Jew in Afghanistan' loses title to hidden Jewish family"
20944:
Afroz, Nazes; Najib, Moska; Smart!, Culture (1 December 2013).
19944:"Attack on tourists rocks fledgling Afghanistan tourism sector"
18989:"Poppy Cultivation in South of Afghanistan Down by 80%: Report"
18747:"Two Years into Taliban Rule, New Shocks Weaken Afghan Economy"
18550:
18055:"Taliban order all Afghan women to cover their faces in public"
17921:"India Offers Escape to Afghan Hindus and Sikhs Facing Attacks"
17594:"China Embraces High-Stakes Taliban Relationship as U.S. Exits"
17520:"An Assessment of Afghanistan's Municipal Governance Framework"
16589:
16280:"History of Environmental Change in the Sistan Basin 1976–2005"
16049:. Central Intelligence Agency. 26 November 1991. Archived from
15831:
15795:
14872:"Taliban says it has captured last Afghan region of resistance"
13526:(1 March 2009 ed.). Webster University Press. p. 310.
13130:. Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. p. 63. Archived from
12764:
12175:
Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising
12136:
Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising
11147:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia – Page 465
10467:
9946:
9175:
8125:
8048:
8040:
8015:
7989:
7984:
Haft Mewa (Seven Fruit Syrup), popularly consumed during Nowruz
7949:
7945:
7730:
7706:
7686:
7635:
7349:
7333:
7001:
6877:
6805:
6781:
6733:
6719:
6711:
6635:
6581:
6367:
5976:
5960:
5956:
5914:
5910:
5785:
5722:. In 2011, Afghanistan signed an oil exploration contract with
5677:
5673:
5669:
5594:, the most expensive spice, grows in Afghanistan, particularly
4847:, having fled the country during the Taliban advance to either
4716:
4507:
4499:
4477:
4453:
4213:
4209:
4051:
4006:
3964:
3680:
3613:
3452:
3294:
3111:
3069:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2232:
2228:
2216:
1866:
1827:
1783:
1775:
1644:
1597:
1591:
1551:
1408:
1259:. The Taliban government remains internationally unrecognized.
334:
316:
283:
22050:"Afghanistan Has a Tougher Law on Child Marriage than Florida"
20197:"Hairatan to Mazar-i-Sharif railway – Railways of Afghanistan"
18324:"Karzai Woos India Inc. as Delay on U.S. Pact Deters Billions"
17455:"For Afghan Officials, Prospect of Death Comes With Territory"
15635:"Taliban: Iran Deports Almost 350,000 Afghans Within 3 Months"
14754:
The National Resistance Front: Fighting for a Free Afghanistan
13852:
13438:"U.N. says Taliban starving hungry people for military agenda"
13199:
Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 – February 1997
12400:
Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan
9635:. 30 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021
9271:
9049:"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises"
7737:
is the country's national instrument and precurses the Indian
7638:, author of mystical poems in the 12th century, and, finally,
7519:
has been crafted in Afghanistan for millennia. The village of
7315:
for both men and women typically consists of various forms of
6031:, who held responsibility for attacks on tourists such as the
2891:
Some of the reforms, such as the abolition of the traditional
2518:. In 1834, Dost Mohammad Khan led numerous campaigns, firstly
2490:
With the collapse of the Durrani Empire, and the exile of the
1846:
extended their Islamic influence south of the Hindu Kush. The
26821:
26806:
26775:
26765:
25647:
25608:
25105:
24946:
24906:
24881:
24861:
24796:
24771:
24761:
24746:
24378:
21374:
20575:
18732:
18230:"How the Taliban are violating women's rights in Afghanistan"
15203:"Profile: Who is Afghanistan's new caretaker prime minister?"
14475:
14369:
13166:
12916:
10870:
8441:
8426:
8153:
7848:
7791:
7738:
7714:
7710:
7643:
7631:
7616:
7569:
7366:
7339:
6874:
6825:
6749:
6653:
6527:
6489:
6470:
6452:
6359:
6348:
6340:
6241:
6233:
6229:
5972:
5964:
5934:
5930:
5922:
5519:
5492:
5378:
5363:
5359:
5335:
4937:
4836:
4677:
A traditional instrument of governance in Afghanistan is the
4590:
4457:
4252:
4173:
3985:
3922:
3889:
3856:
3834:
3191:
3131:
2892:
2729:
2620:
2604:
2333:
2293:
30,000 in this battle and staged a Durrani resurgence in the
2285:
2276:. One of Timur Shah's reforms was to move the capital of the
2269:
2145:
2137:
1974:
1962:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1779:
1676:
1555:
1488:
1475:
1385:
1082:
estimated the population to be 32.9 million as of 2020.
1071:
1051:
239:
27602:
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
22304:"Selling war: commodifying the (in)security of Afghan women"
21498:"Girls return to high school in some regions of Afghanistan"
18083:
16741:"Afghanistan Plant and Animal Life – Afghanistan's Web Site"
13524:
Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader
11041:"Obama's war: Deploying 17,000 raises stakes in Afghanistan"
10990:. Foreign Area Studies, The American University. p. 10.
10726:
Brides and Betrothals: Jewish Wedding Rituals in Afghanistan
10669:
Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-muslims in Iran
10246:
Notes on Shortugai: An Harappan Site in Northern Afghanistan
10137:
Afghanistan – John Ford Shroder, University of Nebraska
9473:"Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)"
9204:"Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan"
8334:
in the country, no official census has been conducted since.
8249:. The national team has never competed or qualified for the
7156:
assist orphans in association with governmental structures.
6965:. About 21% of these are females. Former Education Minister
4878:
in an official ceremony. Abdul Ghani Baradar would be named
4707:
Cabinet of Afghanistan § Islamic Emirate (2021–present)
4243:
Sistan Basin is one of the driest regions in the world. The
2970:
having the largest share in Afghan development at the time.
27090:
27080:
26954:
26816:
26447:
26253:
24956:
24866:
24831:
24786:
24781:
24690:
24339:
23745:
The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan
22071:
21474:
18932:
Bryan Denton; David Zucchino; Yaqoob Akbary (29 May 2022).
18729:"Afghanistan's hunger crisis is a problem the U.S. can fix"
17258:"Taliban again postpone Afghan govt formation announcement"
17108:
16081:
India Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
13287:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13083:
13019:
13017:
12790:. Defenseindustrydaily.com. 1 February 2010. Archived from
11016:. Faculty.washington.edu. 29 September 2007. Archived from
10985:
10249:. Centre for the Study of the Civilization of Central Asia.
9963:
Cf: "The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
8261:
8047:
is celebrated by the Sikh community and the Hindu festival
7969:
7953:
7937:
7702:
7657:
7639:
7627:
7455:
7306:
7106:
rate is 66 to 112.8 deaths in every 1,000 live births. The
6885:
6821:
6793:
6753:
6729:
6252:
5665:
5661:
5239:
4976:
Afghanistan is administratively divided into 34 provinces (
4832:
4511:
4469:
4461:
4390:
4284:
4066:
3735:
3657:
2599:
expeditionary force marched into Afghanistan, invading the
1838:
and Kabul Shahi were first conquered in 870 CE by the
1772:
1411:
realm. This name was later used for certain regions in the
1267:
1196:
in 1926. This monarchy lasted almost half a century, until
1019:
288:
22996:"In ancient tradition, Iranians celebrate winter solstice"
22424:"How the quest for the 'perfect blue' changed art forever"
21981:
21280:
USSD Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009).
21249:"Christians in Afghanistan: A Community of Faith and Fear"
20907:
Dupree, Louis (1982) "Afghanistan: (iv.) Ethnography", in
20462:"Afghanistan Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)"
18470:
18144:"Taliban divisions deepen as Afghan women defy veil edict"
17960:"Where in the world is the worst place to be a Christian?"
17196:"Afghanistan: Taliban expected to announce new government"
16393:"Afghanistan's woeful water management delights neighbors"
14756:. National Resistance Front of Afghanistan. Archived from
13353:
Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia
13252:(page 3). Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
12103:
11174:
9107:"Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate"
8237:
since 1941. The national team plays its home games at the
8018:
and marks the longest night of the year on the eve of the
7701:
and use the same Hindustani terminology and theories like
6710:
are the largest ethnic group, comprising 42%, followed by
6049:
Telecommunication services in Afghanistan are provided by
5933:
before crossing to northern Pakistan, northern India, and
5507:
investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003.
21453:
21427:
20872:"Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan"
19362:
Indian Group Wins Rights to Mine in Afghanistan's Hajigak
19143:"Afghans say US team found huge potential mineral wealth"
18854:"Taliban leader bans cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan"
18707:"Is the United States Driving Afghanistan Toward Famine?"
16527:"Deadly quake a new blow to Afghans enervated by poverty"
15927:
Afghanistan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary
15294:
15083:
13504:
13323:
12909:. By Anne Stenersen: a Paper presented at the conference
12814:"Refugee Admissions Program for Near East and South Asia"
12739:
11283:
11259:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 416.
11150:
10811:
The Search For Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
10639:
The Search For Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
9601:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012).
8432:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8396:
8390:
8387:
8378:
8256:
The traditional and the national sport of Afghanistan is
7114:, with an additional 300 to 400 being trained each year.
6893:
6012:
5527:
5515:
3411:, who was a "guest" of the Taliban and was operating his
2988:
and continued the policies of Nadir Shah. Another uncle,
2357:
on 13 July 1803. Shah Shuja attempted to consolidate the
1336:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the
987:
27718:
Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
22528:
Fee, Christopher R.; Webb, Jeffrey B. (29 August 2016).
22158:"Hats Proliferate as Symbol of Pashtun Protest Movement"
20808:"Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020"
19874:"The Taliban are working to woo tourists to Afghanistan"
19856:"The Afghan artefacts that survived Taliban destruction"
19391:"U.S. Identifies Vast Riches of Minerals in Afghanistan"
17657:"Hillary Clinton says Afghanistan 'major non-Nato ally'"
17627:"Taliban still struggling for international recognition"
17074:"Taliban met ex-Afghan leader Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah"
16971:
16801:
14597:"NATO to Cut Forces in Afghanistan, Match US Withdrawal"
14567:"US withdrawal prompted collapse of Afghan army: Report"
13080:
13014:
12490:
12327:
12104:"Queen Soraya of Afghanistan: A woman ahead of her time"
12092:. Vol. 25. Americana Corporation. 1976. p. 24.
10780:
9076:"Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government"
8762:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
8707:"Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020"
5215:
signing of a Treaty of Friendship in 1921 and 1978; and
4807:
On 17 August 2021, the leader of the Taliban-affiliated
4650:(the Presidential palace) in Kabul, photographed in 2020
4577:
The forest region of Afghanistan has vegetation such as
3553:
by 1 May. Soon after NATO troops began withdrawing, the
2740:. Following up on his victory, Ayub Khan unsuccessfully
2348:
invasion. Zaman Shah embarked on his third campaign for
1857:
had defeated the remaining Hindu rulers and effectively
1377:, was first attested in the 10th-century geography book
1080:
National Statistics Information Authority of Afghanistan
23619:
Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics
23493:
Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813
22766:
Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia
22689:"Attan – the fascinating national dance of Afghanistan"
21945:
21857:"Afghanistan Way of Life | Afghanistan's Web Site"
21607:"Childbirth and maternal health improve in Afghanistan"
20924:"What will happen to Afghanistan's national languages?"
19555:"Access to electricity (% of population) – Afghanistan"
18858:
Taliban leader bans cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan
18113:"The Taliban Pressure Women in Afghanistan to Cover Up"
16713:
Gritzner, Jeffrey A.; Shroder, John F. (14 June 2009).
15321:"Who will speak for Afghanistan at the United Nations?"
14219:
14111:. United States: ABC News. 31 July 2008. Archived from
11887:
11842:
11494:
10000:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99.
9010:"The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan"
7697:
Afghan classical music has close historical links with
7611:. A popular theme in Afghan folklore and mythology are
7572:
being one of the most notable miniature artists of the
5744:
in Helmand Province contains 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000
4428:
Several types of mammals exist throughout Afghanistan.
4279:, and the melting snow in the spring season enters the
4247:
rises at the north of the Hindu Kush, while the nearby
2423:'s realm can be seen as the Emirate of Kabul, with the
1885:, whose architectural achievements included the remote
1160:
is sometimes considered to be the founder of the first
1132:. Afghanistan also served as the source from which the
1002:, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of
24685:
22744:
21993:
21933:
21329:
Blue, Victor J.; Zucchino, David (20 September 2021).
21040:'s Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012.
20693:"Total fertility rate Comparison – The World Factbook"
20367:
19835:
19511:"Taliban Sign Multibillion-Dollar Afghan Mining Deals"
18879:"Afghanistan's red gold 'saffron' termed world's best"
17544:
17393:"Why has China recognised Taliban's envoy to Beijing?"
17017:"Loya Jirga Approves Release of 400 Taliban Prisoners"
16439:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Afghanistan"
16371:"Snow may end Afghan drought, but bitter winter looms"
16309:
16307:
15991:"Afghanistan: Cultural Crossroad at the Heart of Asia"
15557:"In numbers: Life in Afghanistan after America leaves"
14904:
Huylebroek, Jim; Blue, Victor J. (17 September 2021).
14170:
Protracted Displacement in Asia: No Place to Call Home
12998:
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival
12594:
The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982
12511:
A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan
11606:
11604:
11591:
11589:
11524:
11395:. The New American Cyclopaedia, Vol. I. Archived from
11162:
10933:
10029:(online ed.). Columbia University. Archived from
9507:[Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020–21]
8260:, particularly popular in the north. It is similar to
7004:
in Kabul. Major universities outside of Kabul include
5223:
have often been tense for various reasons such as the
4338:
struck northwest of Herat, killing over 1,400 people.
3691:
In October 2023, the Pakistani government ordered the
1698:
vassals. In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast
1235:
and continued fighting among themselves following the
19573:"Afghanistan Has Capacity To Produce 310,000MW Power"
19476:
18969:. The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU)
16502:. US Geological Survey. 1 August 2011. Archived from
14278:"Afghanistan votes in historic presidential election"
14252:"Huge security as Afghan presidential election looms"
13758:
Afghan Center for Socio-economic and Opinion Research
13316:"Women's Rights in the Taliban and Post-Taliban Eras"
11804:
By Edward Ingram. Frank Cass & Co, London, 1984.
9977:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological
8444:
8435:
8429:
8417:
8408:
8399:
8393:
8381:
8198:
in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The team played in the
8023:
7843:
Afghans have long been accustomed to watching Indian
7198:(the Pashtun way). Key tenets of Pashtunwali include
6251:. In rural Afghanistan, villagers often use donkeys,
3039:
1946:, the city of Herat served as the focal point of the
21851:
21849:
21847:
21845:
20606:
20505:
20503:
19900:"Photos: Tourist numbers up in post-war Afghanistan"
19657:"20,000 foreign tourists visit Afghanistan annually"
19654:
18915:"Saffron production hits record high in Afghanistan"
17880:"For Afghan Sikhs, it's between violence and exodus"
16874:"Hardliners get key posts in new Taliban government"
15611:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 4 December 2023.
15499:"Taliban blasted for 'shocking oppression' of women"
15233:"Hardliners get key posts in new Taliban government"
14868:
13594:"Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast"
13243:
Country profile: Afghanistan (published August 2008)
13197:
10414:
9942:, 1999, p. 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society)
9443:"Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar"
8841:
Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary
8621:
8619:
8438:
8402:
8279:
7438:
were destroyed by the Taliban, who regarded them as
4694:
4514:
also live in the high mountains of Afghanistan, and
2368:
2152:
in 1752. Ahmad Shah had launched two campaigns into
2120:
had returned to Kandahar with a contingent of 4,000
1655:. Much of it soon broke away and became part of the
1262:
Afghanistan is rich in natural resources, including
176:
140:
60:
22460:"World's Oldest Oil Paintings Found in Afghanistan"
21670:"Pakistan-funded Afghan Hospital Begins Operations"
19702:"More than 200,000 tourists visit Bamyan this year"
18836:"Afghanistan now world's top cannabis source: U.N."
16991:"Politicians Express Mixed Reactions to Loya Jirga"
16443:
Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
16315:"Afghanistan Rivers Lakes – Afghanistan's Web Site"
16304:
15465:"Can the Taliban Tackle Corruption in Afghanistan?"
15259:"Taliban Announces Head of State, Acting Ministers"
13061:. Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. Archived from
12877:. Infoplease.com. 11 September 2001. Archived from
12667:"Genocide and the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan"
11706:
11640:
11628:
11616:
11601:
11586:
11574:
11555:
THE LAST PHASE OF MUSLIM RULE IN MULTAN (1752–1818)
11506:
10994:
10287:. Gandhara.com.au. 15 February 1989. Archived from
8881:
Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs
8420:
8384:
7760:. Perhaps the most famous artist of this genre was
6884:, as much as 90% are of the Sunni denomination, 7%
5377:claimed the decree is only advisory and no form of
5270:. Such qualification was rescinded by US President
4909:. Baradar or Yaqoob would be head of government as
3376:
3248:
Development of the civil war from 1992 to late 2001
1270:, and copper. It is the second-largest producer of
23788:
23577:Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia
23046:
22901:"Rare Heirloom Seeds – Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds"
21707:United States Agency for International Development
20973:Afghanistan in 2018: A Survey of the Afghan People
19798:
17417:|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=17 September 2024}
16775:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (14 June 2007).
14870:
14370:Sune Engel Rasmussen in Kabul (28 December 2014).
14083:"Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan: Backgrounder"
13750:"Afghan Futures: A National Public Opinion Survey"
13703:. CNN, 24 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
13468:
13288:James Gerstenzan; Lisa Getter (18 November 2001).
12911:COIN in Afghanistan: From Mughals to the Americans
12703:
12424:
12375:America's Afghanistan War: The Success that Failed
12349:Afghanistan War: A Documentary and Reference Guide
10164:"Afghanistan: A Treasure Trove for Archaeologists"
10113:
10084:
9578:. Illinois Institute of Technology. Archived from
8764:, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004.
8220:Ghazi Amanullah Khan International Cricket Stadium
7709:(poetic music) and instruments such as the Indian
7098:is estimated to be around 60 years. The country's
5290:Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
4593:, whereas the steppe grassland regions consist of
4090:. Afghanistan shares its longest land border (the
3344:in 1997 and 1998; Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff,
2459:. As a result, the brothers of Fateh Khan and the
2239:created a power vacuum in northern India, halting
2176:once again. Mashhad had fallen on 2 December, but
1344:literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "
1243:controlled most of the country by 1996, but their
83:
23213:"Cricket is now the biggest sport in Afghanistan"
23021:Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present
21842:
20759:
20757:
20500:
20287:"Iran Strongly Condemns Herat Railway Mine Blast"
20258:"Khaf-Herat railroad to be launched in Iran soon"
19450:
19448:
17760:"The LGBT community living under threat of death"
17103:Macias, Amanda; Turak, Natasha (18 August 2021).
16868:
16866:
16708:
16706:
16704:
15351:"China urges World Bank, IMF to help Afghanistan"
15177:"Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan"
14303:Harooni, Mirwais; Shalizi, Hamid (4 April 2014).
12816:. Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration.
12171:
12132:
11465:
10951:
10198:The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society
8687:
8685:
8683:
8616:
5441:serves as the central bank of the nation and the
4940:and Kabul, calling for women to be included. The
4402:which occasionally receives summer monsoon rain.
4212:in the northeast. The country's highest point is
2607:. Dost Mohammad Khan defeated the British in the
2344:, but he retreated due to intel about a possible
2039:tribal leader, successfully rebelled against the
1519:in the south of the country) was a center of the
27664:
26615:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
23423:Abi-Habib, Maria; Fazly, Walid (13 April 2011).
21732:DiNardo, Anne-Marie; LPA/PIPOS (31 March 2006).
21731:
21194:"Last Jew in Afghanistan en route to US: report"
20943:
20547:"Afghanistan – Population Reference Bureau"
20531:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
20444:"NSIA Estimates Afghanistan Population at 32.9M"
19229:"Afghanistan signs '$ 7 bn' oil deal with China"
16459:Earthquakes Pose a Serious Hazard in Afghanistan
14085:. Afghanistan.gc.ca. 9 July 2010. Archived from
12788:"Landmines in Afghanistan: A Decades Old Danger"
12534:Lacina, Bethany; Gleditsch, Nils Petter (2005).
11381:
9960:, 1915, p. 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood)
9653:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
9629:"The remarkable rugs of war, Drill Hall Gallery"
9600:
9539:"Why Is Afghanistan the 'Graveyard of Empires'?"
9232:
4701:Government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
3455:at the time, Afghanistan had one of the highest
1284:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
22950:"Yalda: Iranian celebration of winter solstice"
22868:"Everything You Need To Know About Afghan Food"
22762:
22438:"First-ever oil paintings found in Afghanistan"
22011:
21582:
21580:
21402:"Wardak seeks $ 3b in aid for school buildings"
20578:"Afghan Households in Iran: Profile and Impact"
19655:Navid Ahmad Barakzai, ed. (27 September 2016).
19425:"Afghanistan: die konfliktreichen Bodenschätze"
19340:"China Willing to Spend Big on Afghan Commerce"
19137:
19135:
18960:
18410:"Afghani Falls Against Dollar By 3% In A Month"
18380:"Interest Rate Cut in Place, Says Central Bank"
18111:Zucchino, David; Akbary, Yaqoob (21 May 2022).
18052:
16924:
16774:
16712:
16128:
16126:
16124:
16122:
16120:
16118:
16116:
16114:
14489:
14222:"How Many Troops Are Currently in Afghanistan?"
13501:"Re-Creating Afghanistan: Returning to Istalif"
12533:
12178:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 275, 276.
11957:Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective
11689:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present
9758:"An Assessment of Taliban Rule at Three Months"
9240:. Emerald Expert Briefings. oxan–db (oxan–db).
9139:
8730:
8728:
7940:, the most widely consumed bread in Afghanistan
7102:rate is 396 deaths/100,000 live births and its
6189:(formerly Hamid Karzai International Airport),
6185:. The country has four international airports:
5756:. In 2007, a 30-year lease was granted for the
5370:, which leaves only the eyes uncovered). First
4951:As of June 2024, no country has recognized the
4944:announced on 7 September was men-only, and the
4874:, with cabinet ministers being revealed at the
4424:is the official national animal of Afghanistan.
2660:. Dost Mohammad led his final campaign against
1985:. Between the 16th and 18th century, the Uzbek
758:652,867 km (252,073 sq mi) (
26879:SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning
23553:Bleaney, C. H; Gallego, María Ángeles (2006).
23552:
23422:
22887:The Food and Culture Around the World Handbook
22613:"Afghanistan – The Rough Guide to World Music"
20939:
20937:
20765:"Unravelling the Afghan art of carpet weaving"
20754:
20084:"Afghan avalanches kill dozens, trap hundreds"
20054:
20021:
19994:
19445:
19056:
19054:
18110:
17518:Jamie Boex; Grace Buencamino; Deborah Kimble.
16863:
16770:
16768:
16766:
16701:
16090:
14903:
14302:
14166:
14133:
10873:"The Geographical Part of the NUZHAT-AL-QULUB"
10753:Ende, Werner; Steinbach, Udo (15 April 2010).
10563:
10329:
10327:
10020:
8680:
8650:
8648:
6984:(KU), both of which are located in Kabul. The
6216:; a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long line from
4886:, while other important positions would go to
3642:as minister of justice. On 20 September 2021,
3289:from Kabul in 1996, where they established an
3198:were also damaged from bombardment. After the
3145:, who became the new general secretary of the
2884:was abolished in 1923. King Amanullah's wife,
2880:, which made elementary education compulsory.
2522:, and then allying with his rival brothers in
2415:) and surrounding nations in 1839, during the
1251:. The Taliban returned to power in 2021 after
1213:coups, invasions, insurgencies, and civil wars
26986:
26889:South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme
26599:
26239:
25562:
25174:
24671:
24647:
23944:
23809:
23724:The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight
23535:Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History
23210:
22716:
22714:
22607:
22605:
22603:
21758:
21282:"International Religious Freedom Report 2009"
21161:
20586:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
19418:
19416:
19070:(Technical report). USGS Afghanistan Project/
18705:Fisher, Max; Taub, Amanda (29 October 2021).
18493:"::Welcome to Ghazi Amanullah Khan Website::"
18356:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
17681:
15776:"Syracruse University: The South Asia Center"
13660:
13157:The Taliban Phenomenon, Afghanistan 1994–1997
12279:
12139:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 39, 40.
11754:"Great Britain's Great Game: An Introduction"
11551:
11444:
10752:
10308:
10306:
8736:"Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation"
8695:. World Population Review. 19 September 2021.
6395:
6201:. Including domestic airports, there are 43.
5865:(TAPI) gas pipeline. Power is managed by the
4506:and cheetahs exist in the semi-desert south.
3088:. The PDPA declared the establishment of the
2768:remained politically independent until being
23602:(2nd ed.). Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks.
23483:
23291:
23289:
23076:"Sikhs throng temples to celebrate Vaisakhi"
21965:Afghanistan: Kuchi nomads seek a better deal
21577:
21328:
21218:
20822:"The roots of Afghanistan's tribal tensions"
20313:"Rail Linkup With Afghanistan by March 2018"
20022:Gopalakrishnan, Ramamoorthy (13 June 1982).
19132:
18437:"Afghan Companies Say U.S. Did Not Pay Them"
17682:Mizelle, Shawna; Fossum, Sam (7 July 2022).
17495:. Iec.org.af. 9 October 2004. Archived from
16239:
16237:
16235:
16233:
16231:
16229:
16227:
16225:
16223:
16221:
16135:"Afghanistan: Physical and Social Geography"
16111:
14372:"Nato ends combat operations in Afghanistan"
14220:18 May 2018 at 11:38 am (18 May 2018).
14134:Crilly, Rob; Spillius, Alex (26 July 2010).
13290:"Laura Bush Addresses State of Afghan Women"
12513:. Harvard University Press. pp. 25–28.
12306:
12283:Afghanistan under Soviet Domination, 1964–91
11320:
10986:Richard Nyrop; Donald Seekins, eds. (1986).
10242:
10082:
8725:
7988:Afghanistan's official New Year starts with
6976:The top universities in Afghanistan are the
6780:) and functions as the lingua franca, while
6011:, believed by many to be the location where
5991:. A cloak reputedly worn by Islam's prophet
5004:The 34 provinces in alphabetical order are:
4666:government of Afghanistan. According to the
3541:Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)
3531:, leading to the Taliban takeover of Kabul.
2090:. Soon after, the Persian and Afghan forces
1550:. The region at the time was referred to as
1523:. More recent findings established that the
1148:cultural spheres, the area was a center for
169:
142:Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh
134:
45:
27561:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
23834:Inside Afghanistan: End of the Taliban Era?
23524:Bibliography of the history of Central Asia
22380:"The Potter: Crafting Afghanistan's future"
22264:. National Book Trust, India. p. 228.
21759:Norton-Taylor, Richard (13 February 2008).
21164:"Afghan Jew Becomes Country's One and Only"
21016:The Swedish Committee for Afghanistan (SCA)
20934:
20343:RaillyNews | Dailly Railway News in English
20024:"The Geography and Politics of Afghanistan"
19659:. Pajhwok Afghan News (PAN). Archived from
19051:
18571:
17958:Lyons, Kate; Blight, Garry (27 July 2015).
17957:
17919:Mashal, Mujib; Abed, Fahim (19 July 2020).
17102:
16763:
14404:"U.S. formally ends the war in Afghanistan"
14341:"U.S. formally ends the war in Afghanistan"
12422:
12248:
12246:
11252:
10590:
10567:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations
10395:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from
10324:
10194:
9804:"The Taliban: Unrecognized and unrepentant"
8645:
8216:Alokozay Kabul International Cricket Ground
8105:The ancient national sport of Afghanistan,
7279:houses. Villages typically have a headman (
7271:In the villages, families typically occupy
7249:, and the groom is often expected to pay a
6019:in Kabul hosts a large number of Buddhist,
5234:, but has had notable unofficial ties with
4961:
3683:due to an economic and banking crisis. The
1694:subjugated the region but lost it to their
1453:
1373:. The Arabic and Persian form of the name,
27753:States and territories established in 1747
27748:States and territories established in 1709
26993:
26979:
26894:Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature
26606:
26592:
26246:
26232:
25569:
25555:
25181:
25167:
24678:
24664:
23951:
23937:
23136:
22711:
22600:
22262:Medieval India the study of a civilization
21821:
21642:. Afghan Ministry of Health. August 2004.
21590:. UNESCO. 27 November 2016. Archived from
21089:
20228:"Afghan-Turkmenistan railroad inaugurated"
19413:
18704:
17918:
15716:"South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research"
14486:, First international edition (March 2015)
13937:
13475:. University of Washington Press. p.
13264:The women of Afghanistan under the Taliban
12710:. University of Washington Press. p.
12508:
12217:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35.
12210:
12172:Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999).
12133:Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999).
10303:
7797:
6670:
6402:
6388:
6003:and the first capital of Afghanistan. The
5833:Afghanistan electricity supply (1980–2019)
5768:won the mining rights to develop the huge
5733:, copper, gold, coal, iron ore, and other
5411:), for which Afghanistan is famous in Asia
4632:
4239:, large parts of the country are dry. The
3236:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
3020:nor aligned with either power bloc in the
2546:and the Afghan army failed to capture the
2268:Sardars and influential tribal leaders in
1466:Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan
922:
205:
195:
68:
28:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
27733:Pashto-speaking countries and territories
23900:web resources provided by GovPubs at the
23656:
23286:
22421:
21495:
21122:"Afghanistan: Sikhs rebuilding gurdwaras"
20642:
20632:
19494:
16846:
16828:
16627:
16469:. Fact Sheet FS 2007–3027. Archived from
16218:
16161:
14627:
12664:
11316:
11314:
10757:. Cornell University Press. p. 257.
10201:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
10043:
7992:, an ancient tradition that started as a
7975:
7752:Pop music developed in the 1950s through
7092:15th least developed country in the world
6842:taught in public schools during the 1980s
6695:Ethnolinguistic map of Afghanistan (2001)
5869:(DABS, Afghanistan Electricity Company).
5210:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)
4452:region of north-east Afghanistan. Foxes,
3221:
3000:nationalist who sought the creation of a
1981:who had ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the
1659:. They were defeated and expelled by the
1223:, and subsequent infighting prompted the
1098:has witnessed numerous military campaigns
27358:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
23958:
23902:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
23810:Omrani, Bijan; Leeming, Matthew (2011).
23762:
23573:
23531:
22966:
22889:. Boston: Prentice Hall. pp. 20–21.
22791:"Freedom of the Press 2016: Afghanistan"
22556:"Afghanistan: 10 facts you may not know"
22322:"Weaving Culture through the Afghan rug"
22014:"Study on Child Marriage in Afghanistan"
21987:
21951:
21761:"Afghanistan's refugee crisis 'ignored'"
21062:
21034:The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity
19699:
19145:. BBC News. 14 June 2010. Archived from
18517:
18467:"DCDA | Welcome to our Official Website"
18321:
17786:"Afghanistan | Human Dignity Trust"
17757:
17726:
16977:
15441:. Human Rights Watch. 11 November 2021.
15108:
14195:"The foreign troops left in Afghanistan"
14000:"Japan aid offer to 'broke' Afghanistan"
13521:
12922:
12665:Reisman, W. Michael; Norchi, Charles H.
12496:
12402:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 108–109.
12243:
11724:
11168:
11156:
10632:
10630:
10336:The Idea of Iran, an essay on its Origin
10315:The Idea of Iran, an Essay on its Origin
9990:
9860:"Afghanistan's Saffron on Media | AfGOV"
9695:"Afghanistan: the land that forgot time"
9536:
9505:د هېواد د وګړو اټکل برآورد نفوس کشور1399
8100:
7979:
7932:
7705:. Genres of this style of music include
7685:
7479:
7393:
7255:
7169:
7069:
6986:National Military Academy of Afghanistan
6941:
6857:
6690:
6285:form the world's largest tribal society.
6276:
6137:
6100:
5939:
5897:
5828:
5632:
5568:
5471:
5398:
5006:
4670:Afghanistan in 2023 was the third least
4654:Following the effective collapse of the
4642:
4518:exist in some parts of the country. The
4415:
4345:
4222:
4148:
3612:Taliban fighters in Kabul on a captured
3607:
3507:
3418:
3243:
3078:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
3063:
2972:
2820:
2639:'s army, and the punitive expedition of
2580:
2406:
2245:
2014:
1895:
1861:the wider region, with the exception of
1755:
1596:
1469:
790:
27066:Operation Enduring Freedom participants
24150:
24085:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war
23720:
23699:
23455:
22947:
22884:
22675:"Afghanistan's Traditional Dance-Attan"
22631:"Ahmad Zahir: The Voice of Afghanistan"
22527:
22052:. Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2017.
21246:
20921:
20417:
20225:
19169:"Deposits Could Aid Ailing Afghanistan"
19098:
19096:
18322:Mehrotra, Kartikay (16 December 2013).
17817:"'Fake Life': Being Gay in Afghanistan"
16680:
16524:
16347:. NASA. 3 February 2006. Archived from
15796:"Center for South Asian Studies (CSAS)"
14059:. Afghanistan.usaid.gov. Archived from
14026:"Rebuilding Afghanistan: The U.S. Role"
13466:
12701:
12640:. Transaction Publishers. p. 129.
12397:
12042:
12015:
11417:
10692:
10541:. alamahabibi.com. 1969. Archived from
9755:
9569:
9307:
9305:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9168:
8566:
8337:
8163:won the first team sports title at the
8112:Sport in Afghanistan is managed by the
8057:is celebrated on 19 August to mark the
7828:was broadcasting local radio services.
7210:. The remaining Afghans are culturally
5863:Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India
5729:The country has significant amounts of
3559:offensive against the Afghan government
3551:withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan
3441:International Security Assistance Force
2922:, King Zahir's reign was challenged by
2510:in March 1823 and captured the city of
2116:After the death of Nader Shah in 1747,
2086:, the last Hotak stronghold, from Shah
2051:, who was soon killed by Mirwais's son
1794:between the dominant religions such as
27665:
26899:SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry
25576:
23851:
23816:(2nd ed.). Odyssey Publications.
23677:
23635:
23594:
23304:from the original on 25 September 2013
23073:
22993:
22750:
22352:Afghanistan Analysts Network – English
22220:
22077:
21999:
21939:
21803:from the original on 20 September 2011
21637:"Afghanistan National Hospital Survey"
21138:
21063:Majumder, Sanjoy (25 September 2003).
20745:
20319:from the original on 22 September 2018
20264:from the original on 28 September 2018
20226:Salehai, Zarghona (28 November 2016).
20042:Afghanistan Analysts Network – English
19841:
19829:Afghanistan Analysts Network – English
19612:Afghanistan Analysts Network – English
19279:
19060:
18634:
18495:. najeebzarab.af. 2009. Archived from
18174:
18141:
18021:
17624:
17550:
16345:"Snow in Afghanistan: Natural Hazards"
16132:
15962:
15509:from the original on 12 September 2023
14960:"UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
14532:
13938:Makhmalbaf, Mohsen (1 November 2001).
13853:"United States Mission to Afghanistan"
13591:
13448:from the original on 13 September 2018
13388:from the original on 16 September 2011
13375:
13350:
12992:
12736:"Soldiers of God: Cold War (Part 1/5)"
12019:The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan
11953:
11751:
11658:
11451:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
11311:
11192:
11180:
10871:Hamd-Allah Mustawfi of Qazwin (1340).
10722:
10665:
10618:
10420:
10130:
10128:
9104:
9073:
9007:
8919:
8820:from the original on 20 September 2016
8742:from the original on 18 September 2021
8713:from the original on 18 September 2021
8668:from the original on 18 September 2021
8507:to be part of India. However, this is
8069:. Some regional festivals include the
7380:originates from northern Afghanistan.
7275:houses, or compounds with mudbrick or
6411:Largest cities or towns in Afghanistan
6224:border (where it continues as part of
5479:are one of Afghanistan's main exports.
4568:, among others. Endemic flora include
3483:. Following 2002, nearly five million
3252:Another civil war broke out after the
3190:were planted, and some cities such as
2361:but was deposed by his brother at the
2309:. Timur Shah was succeeded by his son
27595:Targeted Killing in International Law
27476:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
26974:
26904:South Asian Federation of Accountants
26587:
26227:
25550:
25162:
24659:
24646:
23932:
23830:
23786:
23616:
23137:Ellingwood, Anselma (11 March 2024).
23074:Mahbob, Mahbob Shah (11 April 2013).
23044:
23024:. Oneworld Publications. p. 29.
23014:
22396:
22259:
21895:
21604:
21496:Neda Safi, Tooba (17 February 2023).
21404:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from
21400:Adina, Mohammad Sabir (18 May 2013).
21399:
21381:from the original on 10 November 2018
21044:from the original on 26 December 2016
20207:from the original on 24 December 2017
20144:from the original on 4 September 2016
20081:
19813:from the original on 10 January 2022.
19796:
19720:"Where Instagramers and Taliban play"
19385:
19235:from the original on 30 December 2013
19192:
18833:
18227:
18201:
17877:
17766:from the original on 21 November 2022
17452:
17346:from the original on 8 September 2021
17298:from the original on 6 September 2021
17268:from the original on 4 September 2021
17208:from the original on 2 September 2021
17163:
16880:from the original on 7 September 2021
16662:from the original on 11 November 2021
16455:
16403:from the original on 14 November 2010
15870:from the original on 25 February 2010
15806:from the original on 11 December 2007
15530:"Afghan Refugees | Costs of War"
15387:from the original on 26 December 2022
15271:from the original on 7 September 2021
15239:from the original on 7 September 2021
15213:from the original on 8 September 2021
15183:from the original on 7 September 2021
15157:from the original on 7 September 2021
14940:from the original on 6 September 2021
14885:from the original on 10 December 2022
14414:from the original on 28 December 2014
14351:from the original on 28 December 2014
14173:. Taylor & Francis. p. 167.
14109:"Pakistan Accused of Helping Taliban"
14006:from the original on 19 November 2002
13790:
13566:
13261:
12838:
12633:
12590:
12478:from the original on 17 February 2019
12372:
12345:
12333:
12231:from the original on 25 February 2017
11980:
11860:
11525:Muhammad Katib Hazarah, Fayz (2012).
11256:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354
11231:from the original on 25 February 2024
11193:Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud (15 July 2019).
11120:from the original on 26 November 2023
11000:
10939:
10808:
10636:
10627:
10333:
10312:
9784:from the original on 29 November 2021
9707:from the original on 14 December 2021
9423:from the original on 15 February 2016
9261:Central Statistics Office Afghanistan
9119:from the original on 18 February 2023
9105:George, Susannah (18 February 2023).
8992:from the original on 28 November 2022
8934:from the original on 28 November 2022
8877:
7241:, but pre-Islamic practices persist.
7123:French Medical Institute for Children
6869:is the largest mosque in Afghanistan.
6764:. Pashto is the native tongue of the
5242:and allied nations, particularly the
3574:with a reported 6,000+ troops in the
3534:
2814:, and entering British India via the
1958:as the center of a cultural rebirth.
1938:(aka Tamerlane), who established the
1188:saw a British victory. Following the
27641:
23741:
23386:from the original on 3 November 2019
23295:
22948:Rezaian, Lachin (20 December 2015).
22931:"Afghanistan Holidays and Festivals"
22817:"Encounters with Bollywood in Kabul"
22797:from the original on 5 February 2017
22422:Wilkinson, Isambard (14 June 2018).
22089:
21822:Haussegger, Virginia (2 July 2009).
21261:from the original on 27 January 2012
20993:Khan, M. Ilyas (12 September 2015).
20992:
20432:from the original on 9 October 2022.
20114:from the original on 5 November 2014
19976:from the original on 21 January 2018
19700:Basharat, Hakim (3 September 2017).
19422:
19093:
18917:. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from
18434:
18334:from the original on 11 October 2017
18053:Graham-Harrison, Emma (7 May 2022).
17739:from the original on 11 October 2021
17690:from the original on 10 August 2022.
17637:from the original on 13 October 2021
17574:from the original on 19 January 2021
17473:from the original on 19 October 2017
17184:from the original on 9 October 2022.
16933:from the original on 8 December 2022
16141:. Psychology Press. pp. 59–60.
15645:from the original on 26 January 2024
15615:from the original on 26 January 2024
15589:from the original on 26 January 2024
15383:. Deutsche Welle. 11 November 2021.
15331:from the original on 14 October 2021
15301:from the original on 10 October 2021
15109:Zucchino, David (1 September 2021).
15090:from the original on 19 January 2023
14284:from the original on 21 October 2018
14258:from the original on 21 October 2018
13859:from the original on 21 October 2010
13330:from the original on 14 January 2013
13302:from the original on 10 October 2012
13211:from the original on 12 October 2017
12974:from the original on 21 January 2023
12820:from the original on 28 October 2020
12679:from the original on 26 October 2016
12468:"Afghanistan: 20 years of bloodshed"
12016:Roberts, Jeffery J. (14 June 2003).
11868:. Routledge. Page 9 of URL/Page 52.
11686:Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019).
11078:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
11071:
11038:
10570:. Infobase Publishing. p. 141.
10513:from the original on 1 December 2019
10492:
10464:"Afghanistan – Silk Roads Programme"
9900:from the original on 18 October 2022
9840:from the original on 18 October 2022
9814:from the original on 18 October 2022
9413:"Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones"
9343:United Nations Development Programme
9294:
9201:
9183:from the original on 17 January 2024
9169:Kraemer, Thomas (27 November 2022).
9092:from the original on 6 February 2022
9046:
8950:
8844:. the Cambridge English Dictionary.
8485:
8317:
8233:has been competing in international
8190:, which was formed in 2001, won the
8161:Afghanistan national basketball team
7283:), a master for water distribution (
7233:, and an estimated 2–3 million
6199:Mazar-e Sharif International Airport
5724:China National Petroleum Corporation
5197:
4672:electoral democratic country in Asia
4502:plains of the south and west, while
4168:range, the western extension of the
2588:in 1841, painted by British officer
1215:. The conflict began in 1978 when a
923:
69:
27728:Member states of the United Nations
23491:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (January 2005).
23164:"Nowruz celebration in Afghanistan"
22865:
22769:. St. Martin's Press. p. 127.
22763:Monica Whitlock (24 October 2003).
21667:
21247:Gebauer, Matthias (20 March 2006).
21139:Chabba, Seerat (8 September 2021).
20995:"Pakistan's confusing move to Urdu"
20164:"EU To Impose Ban on Afghan Planes"
18717:from the original on 26 March 2023.
18612:. USAID Afghanistan. Archived from
18271:from the original on 28 August 2023
18258:
18240:from the original on 28 August 2023
17827:from the original on 19 August 2021
17606:from the original on 20 August 2021
17238:from the original on 31 August 2021
17145:from the original on 18 August 2021
17115:from the original on 18 August 2021
17084:from the original on 18 August 2021
17071:
17053:from the original on 16 August 2021
17023:from the original on 10 August 2020
16997:from the original on 10 August 2020
16906:from the original on 20 August 2021
16681:Kladnik, Drago (1 September 2017).
16206:from the original on 9 October 2022
15944:from the original on 6 October 2019
15903:from the original on 16 August 2021
15888:
15675:from the original on 1 January 2024
15563:from the original on 23 August 2021
15475:from the original on 16 August 2023
15060:from the original on 4 October 2022
15030:from the original on 1 October 2022
15000:from the original on 1 October 2022
14970:from the original on 19 August 2021
14850:from the original on 17 August 2021
14820:from the original on 17 August 2021
14790:from the original on 23 August 2021
14730:from the original on 16 August 2021
14698:from the original on 15 August 2021
14668:from the original on 15 August 2021
14384:from the original on 2 January 2015
14201:from the original on 19 August 2021
14054:
14036:from the original on 20 August 2014
13980:from the original on 14 August 2021
13726:from the original on 2 January 2017
13592:Rashid, Ahmed (11 September 2001).
13571:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 288.
13414:. newsday.org. 2001. Archived from
13378:"Taliban massacres outlined for UN"
12851:from the original on 14 August 2021
12611:from the original on 6 January 2017
12311:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
12252:
12114:from the original on 30 August 2021
11917:from the original on 22 August 2021
11893:
11875:from the original on 9 October 2022
11848:
11822:Lee, Jonathan L. (1 January 1996).
11821:
11712:
11685:
11646:
11634:
11622:
11610:
11595:
11580:
11512:
11500:
11421:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris
11273:from the original on 16 April 2017.
10907:"A.—The Hindu Kings of Kábul (p.3)"
10444:from the original on 16 August 2021
10393:Library of Congress Country Studies
10356:"ARACHOSIA – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
10125:
10119:
10021:Ch. M. Kieffer (15 December 1983).
9675:from the original on 6 October 2021
9551:from the original on 11 August 2021
9393:from the original on 9 October 2022
9331:
9008:Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022).
8589:from the original on 19 August 2021
8476:
7469:
5015:, which are further divided into a
4330:during the winter. In June 2022, a
4235:Despite having numerous rivers and
4206:East Afghan montane conifer forests
2950:, among others – many of whom were
2340:. The first two campaigns captured
1850:rose to power in the 10th century.
1288:Organization of Islamic Cooperation
170:
135:
46:
13:
25531:Central Asian Football Association
23813:Afghanistan: A Companion and Guide
23660:Afghanistan: a History of Conflict
23511:
23296:Lyse, Doucet (12 September 2013).
22732:from the original on 17 April 2019
21680:from the original on 23 April 2019
21649:from the original on 7 August 2019
21605:Peter, Tom A. (17 December 2011).
21030:"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation"
20779:"Afghan Population Estimates 1398"
20511:"Afghan Population Estimates 2020"
20345:. 10 December 2013. Archived from
20166:. Airwise News. 22 November 2010.
19995:Qayoom Suroush (16 January 2015).
19513:. Voice of America. 31 August 2023
19346:. 29 December 2009. Archived from
19061:Peters, Steven G. (October 2007).
18851:
18749:. United States Institute of Peace
18694:from the original on 12 July 2023.
18416:from the original on 19 April 2019
18004:from the original on 26 April 2022
17972:from the original on 25 April 2022
17814:
17796:from the original on 14 April 2021
16292:from the original on 7 August 2007
16162:Whitehead, Kim (21 October 2014).
16023:. World Bank. 2011. Archived from
15963:Neelis, Jason (19 November 2010).
15889:Tan, Anjelica (18 February 2020).
15782:from the original on 26 March 2015
14609:from the original on 15 April 2021
14434:"TSG IntelBrief: Afghanistan 16.0"
14232:from the original on 16 March 2020
13768:from the original on 29 March 2017
12597:. University of California Press.
12377:. Gyan Books. pp. 68–69, 94.
12214:Culture and customs of Afghanistan
10809:Allen, Charles (5 November 2015).
10637:Allen, Charles (5 November 2015).
10172:. 26 February 2009. Archived from
9737:from the original on 29 April 2011
9511:(Report) (in Arabic and English).
9349:from the original on 19 March 2024
9339:"Human Development Report 2023/24"
9214:from the original on 13 April 2023
9061:from the original on 18 March 2022
8963:from the original on 23 March 2022
8920:Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022).
8231:Afghanistan national football team
7812:and over 200 television stations.
7305:from the villagers; villagers buy
6978:American University of Afghanistan
4528:fauna of Afghanistan includes the
4365:, the glaciated northeast (around
4128:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
3714:
3693:expulsion of Afghans from Pakistan
3563:captured the capital city of Kabul
3090:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
3060:History of Afghanistan (1978–1992)
3046:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
3040:Democratic Republic and Soviet war
2498:, Punjab and Kashmir were lost to
2184:in 1755. He was forced to give up
2059:, and captured the city after the
1977:would go on to conquer the Afghan
1737:
1718:who, in turn, was replaced by the
1710:in the 3rd century CE, though the
1690:During the first century BCE, the
1570:within its eastern boundaries. An
1231:fought against the Soviets in the
1225:Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan
1092:era. Popularly referred to as the
573:Restoration of the Durrani Kingdom
14:
27774:
27526:Enhanced interrogation techniques
27322:Georgia Sustainment and Stability
27210:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
27000:
26255:Economic Cooperation Organization
23875:
23490:
23274:from the original on 13 June 2019
23244:from the original on 11 July 2018
23211:Uthra Ganesan (11 January 2016).
23166:. Mehr News Agency. 24 March 2022
23053:. Soft Skull Press. p. 135.
23045:Alavi, Nasrin (8 November 2015).
22994:Hamedy, Saba (20 December 2013).
22973:. R&L Education. p. 89.
22582:"Classical Dari and Pashto Poets"
22562:from the original on 4 March 2018
22324:. 7 December 2017. Archived from
22056:from the original on 25 July 2019
21830:from the original on 26 July 2013
21565:from the original on 22 July 2017
21162:N.C. Aizenman (27 January 2005).
20842:"The Constitution of Afghanistan"
20425:. New Delhi: Concept Publishers.
20082:Azimy, Yousuf (9 February 2010).
19853:
19401:from the original on 17 June 2010
19039:. United Nations. 5 November 2023
18834:Burch, Jonathon (31 March 2010).
17939:from the original on 3 April 2022
17900:from the original on 3 April 2022
17859:from the original on 14 June 2019
17758:Ahmadzai, Aria (7 October 2016).
17704:. 12 October 2021. Archived from
17390:
16571:from the original on 5 April 2024
16525:Noroozi, Ebrahim (25 June 2022).
16377:. 18 January 2012. Archived from
16139:The Far East and Australasia 2003
15891:"A new strategy for Central Asia"
15838:from the original on 13 July 2011
15722:from the original on 1 March 2015
14577:from the original on 20 June 2022
14321:from the original on 3 March 2016
13950:from the original on 7 April 2011
13919:from the original on 16 June 2020
13889:from the original on 16 June 2020
13791:Tyler, Patrick (8 October 2001).
13661:Rory McCarthy (17 October 2001).
13376:Gargan, Edward A (October 2001).
12315:from the original on 26 June 2019
12256:The Far East and Australasia 2003
12192:from the original on 4 April 2019
12153:from the original on 4 April 2019
11471:
11445:Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014).
10967:from the original on 1 April 2019
10693:Kennedy, Hugh (9 December 2010).
10666:Gorder, A. Christian Van (2010).
10474:from the original on 18 June 2021
10215:from the original on 28 June 2016
9570:Griffin, Luke (14 January 2002).
9074:Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021).
9047:Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021).
8858:from the original on 3 March 2021
7178:, 1939 – most Afghans are tribal.
7127:Indira Gandhi Children's Hospital
6772:, Dari Persian is spoken by 78% (
6318:
6080:
6069:. The country uses its own space
5530:. It holds an observer status in
5326:Treatment of women by the Taliban
4695:Development of Taliban government
4132:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
3623:The Taliban government is led by
3512:A map of Afghanistan showing the
3401:United States invaded Afghanistan
3092:, with its first leader named as
2631:of British-Indian forces and the
2391:European influence in Afghanistan
2369:Barakzai dynasty and British wars
2101:
1883:overthrown by the Ghurids in 1186
1663:in the late 2nd century BCE. The
1282:. The country is a member of the
211:Afghanistan's neighbors and towns
27640:
27631:
27630:
27501:Combatant Status Review Tribunal
27450:President's Surveillance Program
27445:Military Commissions Act of 2009
27440:Military Commissions Act of 2006
27393:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
27368:Moro conflict in the Philippines
27363:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
26562:
26538:
26524:
26510:
26496:
26482:
26468:
26454:
26440:
26426:
26412:
25705:
25234:
25188:
25140:
25129:
25128:
24955:
23906:
23703:The Making of Modern Afghanistan
23683:Afghanistan: An Abridged History
23449:
23437:from the original on 26 May 2015
23416:
23398:
23372:
23360:from the original on 28 May 2019
23346:
23316:
23256:
23230:
23204:
23178:
23156:
23130:
23104:
23086:
23067:
23038:
23008:
22987:
22960:
22941:
22923:
22893:
22878:
22859:
22849:"Vilifying Afghans in Bollywood"
22841:
22827:
22809:
22783:
22756:
22681:
22667:
22651:. Afghanland.com. Archived from
22641:
22623:
22584:. Afghan-web.com. Archived from
22574:
22548:
22521:
22503:
22478:
22452:
22430:
22415:
22397:Fahim, Kareem (18 August 2016).
22390:
22372:
22358:
22340:
22314:
22296:
22278:
22253:
22214:
22194:
22164:
22150:
22124:
22110:
22090:Amer, Sahar (2 September 2014).
22083:
22042:
22005:
21957:
21885:
21879:
21815:
21785:
21752:
21725:
21695:
21661:
21629:
21598:
21541:
21515:
21489:
21467:
21442:
21420:
21393:
21363:
21322:
21300:
21273:
21240:
21219:Ben Zion Gad (1 December 2021).
21212:
21186:
21174:from the original on 16 May 2011
21155:
21132:
21114:
21083:
21056:
21022:
20986:
20964:
20922:Bodetti, Austin (11 July 2019).
20915:
20894:
20864:
20834:
20814:
20800:
20771:
20739:
20721:
20703:
20685:
20659:
20600:
20569:
20539:
20480:
20466:2020 World Population by Country
20454:
20436:
20411:
20384:
20361:
20331:
20305:
20293:from the original on 21 May 2019
20289:. Iran Front Page. 20 May 2019.
20279:
20250:
20238:from the original on 12 May 2017
20219:
20189:
20170:from the original on 24 May 2013
20156:
20126:
20094:
20075:
20061:. Nova Publishers. p. 122.
20048:
20030:
20015:
20003:from the original on 7 July 2019
19999:. Afghanistan Analysts Network.
19988:
19958:
19936:
19914:
19892:
19866:
19847:
19817:
19790:
19760:
19730:
19712:
19693:
19675:
19648:
19618:
19583:
19565:
19547:
19525:
19503:
19470:
19379:
19354:
19332:
19308:
19273:
19247:
19221:
19186:
19161:
19029:
19007:
18981:
18954:
18925:
18907:
18889:
18871:
18845:
18827:
18813:
18787:
18761:
18739:
18721:
18698:
18676:
18651:
18628:
18602:
18565:
18538:
18511:
18485:
18459:
18428:
18402:
18390:from the original on 4 July 2019
18372:
18346:
18315:
18303:from the original on 21 May 2022
18283:
18252:
18221:
18195:
18183:from the original on 20 May 2022
18168:
18156:from the original on 20 May 2022
18135:
18123:from the original on 22 May 2022
18104:
18092:from the original on 20 May 2022
18077:
18065:from the original on 14 May 2022
18046:
18015:
17984:
17951:
17912:
17871:
17839:
17808:
17778:
17751:
17720:
17694:
17675:
17663:from the original on 5 July 2019
17649:
17625:Latifi, Ali M (7 October 2021).
17618:
17586:
17556:
17532:from the original on 4 July 2019
17511:
17485:
17446:
17434:from the original on 4 July 2019
17420:
17407:
17384:
17358:
17332:
17310:
17280:
17250:
17220:
17188:
17157:
17127:
17096:
17065:
17035:
17009:
16983:
16959:from the original on 23 May 2019
16953:"Q&A: What is a loya jirga?"
16945:
16918:
16892:
16795:
16733:
16674:
16644:
16583:
16553:
16541:from the original on 3 July 2022
16518:
16488:
16456:Crone, Anthony J. (April 2007).
16449:
16431:
16415:
16385:
16363:
16337:
16272:
16182:
16155:
16097:. Nova Publishers. p. 121.
16084:
16065:
16039:
16009:
15983:
15956:
15918:
15882:
15850:
15820:
15687:
15657:
15627:
15601:
15585:. Al Jazeera. 22 November 2023.
15575:
15549:
15521:
15491:
15457:
15445:from the original on 12 May 2022
15431:
15419:from the original on 9 June 2022
15399:
15373:
15361:from the original on 2 June 2022
15343:
15313:
15283:
15251:
15225:
15195:
15169:
15143:
15102:
15072:
15042:
15012:
14982:
14952:
14922:
14897:
14862:
14832:
14802:
14772:
14742:
14710:
14680:
14648:
14636:from the original on 9 July 2021
14621:
14589:
14559:
14547:from the original on 21 May 2022
14526:
14490:Gabriela Motroc (7 April 2015).
14456:
14426:
14396:
14363:
14333:
14296:
14270:
14244:
14213:
14187:
14167:Howard Adelman (15 April 2016).
14160:
14127:
14101:
14075:
14048:
14018:
13992:
13962:
13931:
13909:"Afghanistan: Civilians at Risk"
13901:
13871:
13845:
13817:
13784:
13742:
13719:University of Maryland Libraries
13706:
13687:
13654:
13636:
13618:Life under Taliban cuts two ways
13610:
13585:
13560:
13530:
13515:
13493:
13460:
13430:
13400:
13369:
13344:
13280:
13255:
13236:
13223:
13191:
13149:
13117:
13048:
13039:
12986:
12956:
12928:
12893:
12863:
12832:
12806:
12780:
12769:Land-mines: A deadly inheritance
12758:
12746:from the original on 8 July 2013
12728:
12695:
12658:
12627:
12591:Kakar, Mohammed (3 March 1997).
12584:
12527:
12502:
12460:
12416:
12391:
12366:
12339:
12300:
12273:
12259:. Psychology Press. p. 62.
12204:
12165:
12126:
12096:
12079:
12036:
12009:
11974:
11947:
11929:
11899:
11854:
11815:
11788:
11758:The International History Review
11745:
11718:
11679:
11652:
11545:
11518:
11477:
11438:
11411:
11053:from the original on 13 May 2011
11039:Page, Susan (18 February 2009).
10723:Yossef, Noam Bar'am-Ben (1998).
10366:from the original on 23 May 2021
10093:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
10083:Nölle-Karimi, Christine (2020).
10064:from the original on 9 July 2019
9518:from the original on 3 July 2020
9282:from the original on 26 May 2023
8567:Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013).
8374:
8296:
8282:
8192:2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Cup
8097:Traditional games of Afghanistan
7222:, while some Pashtuns have been
6493:
6483:
6456:
6446:
6038:
5204:Foreign relations of Afghanistan
4927:1964 Constitution of Afghanistan
4857:2004 Constitution of Afghanistan
4784:
4775:Second Deputy Leader and Acting
4763:
4736:
4715:
4627:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
4055:
3958:
3944:
3935:
3916:
3902:
3893:
3867:
3845:
3823:
3801:
3768:
3746:
3724:
3644:United Nations Secretary-General
3377:US invasion and Islamic Republic
2752:territories were divided by the
2004:
895:
894:
789:
603:Dost Mohammad unites Afghanistan
114:
100:
27317:Georgia Train and Equip Program
26193:Indian Institutes of Technology
26175:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
26104:South Asian Football Federation
24489:Opium production in Afghanistan
22134:. 12 March 2018. Archived from
21065:"Sikhs struggle in Afghanistan"
20786:Central Statistics Organization
19797:Smith, Oliver (20 April 2018).
19423:Hosp, Gerald (31 August 2021).
19255:"Afghanistan's Mineral Fortune"
18961:David Mansfield (23 May 2022).
18663:World Integrated Trade Solution
18590:from the original on 1 May 2017
18202:Nader, Zahra (28 August 2023).
18034:from the original on 7 May 2022
18022:George, Susannah (7 May 2022).
17453:Ahmed, Azam (8 December 2012).
17167:Taliban Views on a Future State
15698:. Pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from
15527:Afghan Refugees, Costs of War,
14628:Robertson, Nic (24 June 2021).
14516:. 30 March 2015. Archived from
13824:United Nations Security Council
13507:. 1 August 2002. Archived from
13101:. November 1998. Archived from
12637:The Widening Circle of Genocide
12045:Journal of Contemporary History
11375:
11345:
11277:
11246:
11213:
11186:
11141:
11132:
11072:Dale, Stephen Frederic (1998).
11065:
11032:
11006:
10979:
10945:
10899:
10864:
10830:
10802:
10774:
10746:
10716:
10686:
10659:
10621:Zoroastriansm among the Kushans
10612:
10591:Weber, Olivier; Unesco (2002).
10584:
10557:
10525:
10486:
10456:
10426:
10378:
10277:
10253:
10236:
10227:
10188:
10156:
10076:
10050:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 18.
10037:
10014:
9984:
9912:
9882:
9852:
9826:
9796:
9749:
9719:
9687:
9661:
9621:
9594:
9563:
9530:
9497:
9465:
9449:. 26 March 2022. Archived from
9435:
9405:
9361:
9319:from the original on 1 May 2023
9315:. International Monetary Fund.
9264:
9255:
9226:
9195:
9162:
9149:United Nations Security Council
9140:T. S. Tirumurti (26 May 2022).
9133:
9086:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
9039:
8870:
8832:
8806:
8778:
8754:
8608:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
8493:
8463:
8367:
8350:
8247:Afghanistan Football Federation
8077:, and the Damboora Festival in
7838:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
7383:
7078:in Kabul is one of the largest
6963:universities around the country
6916:Jewish community in Afghanistan
6330:
6258:
6179:Pakistan International Airlines
6093:List of airports in Afghanistan
5999:in Kandahar, a city founded by
5825:Renewable energy in Afghanistan
5712:United States Geological Survey
5431:. It has $ 2.8 billion in
5307:
5294:Afghan National Security Forces
5264:Strategic Partnership Agreement
4796:Third Deputy Leader and Acting
4656:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
4480:, and large carnivores such as
4405:
4100:Sistan and Baluchestan Province
3525:Afghan National Security Forces
3481:Afghan National Security Forces
3477:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
3387:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
3279:madrassas (schools) in Pakistan
2712:of 1879, making it an official
2644:surrounding states such as the
2148:in 1750, and had also captured
1748:Mongol invasion of Central Asia
1744:Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
1316:Some scholars suggest that the
1086:Human habitation in Afghanistan
136:لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله
27506:Criticism of the war on terror
27460:Terrorist Surveillance Program
27265:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
27018:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
25070:British Indian Ocean Territory
23912:Wikimedia Atlas of Afghanistan
23858:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
23538:. Princeton University Press.
23324:"2009–10 Intercontinental Cup"
23049:We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs
22870:. foodrepublic. Archived from
22366:"Giving Back – Seret and Sons"
22118:"Karzai heads for hat trouble"
20748:"Can Cities Save Afghanistan?"
20488:United Nations and Afghanistan
18897:"Afghan Saffron, World's Best"
18435:Gall, Carlotta (7 July 2010).
17878:Kumar, Ruchi (28 March 2020).
17342:. BBC News. 8 September 2021.
16876:. BBC News. 7 September 2021.
16778:A Brief History of Afghanistan
16047:"CIA Factbook – Area: 41"
15235:. BBC News. 7 September 2021.
15179:. BBC News. 7 September 2021.
14533:Borger, Julian (18 May 2022).
13879:"Afghanistan's Refugee Crisis"
13761:. 29 January 2015. p. 4.
13233:(New York: Penguin, 2005), 14.
12543:European Journal of Population
12509:Kalinovsky, Artemy M. (2011).
12346:Wadle, Ryan (1 October 2018).
12280:Anthony Hyman (27 July 2016).
12022:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
11665:. Da Capo Press. p. 126.
11357:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
10386:"Country Profile: Afghanistan"
10101:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
9940:Scottish Geographical Magazine
8796:(Retrieved 13 November 2007).
8699:
8629:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
8601:
8560:
8534:
8324:
7331:. Women would normally wear a
6990:United States Military Academy
6205:is a major military airfield.
6191:Kandahar International Airport
6017:National Museum of Afghanistan
5867:Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat
5807:signed mining contracts worth
5564:
5447:Afghanistan International Bank
5266:in which Afghanistan became a
4153:Floodplain cultivation in the
4102:, South Khorasan Province and
3695:. Iran also decided to deport
3649:received a letter from acting
3472:, and the Taliban insurgency.
3443:(ISAF) was established by the
3383:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2223:. He met Mughal armies at the
1912:Mongol army overran the region
1901:Mongol invasions and conquests
1842:Muslims of Zaranj. Later, the
1647:'s rule ended, leading to the
1460:Ancient history of Afghanistan
1383:. The last part of the name, "
1245:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1156:in the 18th century, although
1000:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
732:Restoration of Islamic Emirate
39:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1:
27541:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
27184:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
26909:SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
23917:Research Guide to Afghanistan
22866:Ali, Tanveer (31 July 2012).
22635:daily.redbullmusicacademy.com
22290:The Christian Science Monitor
22227:Rivista degli studi orientali
22012:Bahgam, S; Mukhatari (2004).
21896:Blood, Peter R., ed. (1998).
21611:The Christian Science Monitor
21310:. BBC News. 18 September 2021
20746:Karimi, Ali (20 March 2015).
20026:. Concept Publishing Company.
19738:"Origins of the hippie trail"
18635:Nickel, Rod (12 April 2018).
18574:"Afghanistan country profile"
18469:. dcda.gov.af. Archived from
18175:Fraser, Simon (19 May 2022).
16397:The Christian Science Monitor
14343:. No. online. CBA News.
14197:. BBC News. 15 October 2015.
13913:Doctors Without Borders – USA
13031:. 7 July 2005. Archived from
12871:"Afghanistan: History –
12427:Afghanistan: A Modern History
12307:Ron Synovitz (18 July 2003).
11995:10.1080/03068374.2015.1081001
11954:Arnold, Anthony (June 1985).
11770:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640210
11552:Muhammad Khan, Ashiq (1998).
11418:Snedden, Christopher (2015).
10838:"A.—The Hindu Kings of Kábul"
9979:. Henry Yule, A. D. Burnell).
9945:"Afghans are Assakani of the
9202:Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023).
8814:"Constitution of Afghanistan"
8775:(Retrieved 13 November 2007).
8693:"Afghanistan Population 2021"
8656:"Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic"
8522:
7721:, and local instruments like
7626:of Herat, a great mystic and
7587:
6289:
6232:across the Turkmen border to
6157:, and by the private company
6097:Rail transport in Afghanistan
6045:Communications in Afghanistan
5539:frozen about $ 9 billion
4995:Prime Minister of Afghanistan
4073:once wrote about the country:
3601:, as well as an anti-Taliban
3595:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3433:Afghan Interim Administration
3256:of a dysfunctional coalition
3076:In April 1978, the communist
2800:Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition
2695:. Sher Ali won the resulting
2603:, and in August 1839, seized
2254:
2208:once again, and captured it.
1834:as protectors of Buddha. The
1286:and a founding member of the
1066:, which are separated by the
185:This Is the Home of the Brave
154:is the messenger of Allah." (
85:Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afğānistān
27516:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
27408:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
25470:Human rights in Central Asia
24409:Current provincial governors
24263:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
23852:Runion, Meredith L. (2007).
23143:Feminist Majority Foundation
22384:The Khaama Press News Agency
22132:"Traditional Afghan Clothes"
21903:Afghanistan: a country study
21092:"Hindus Abandon Afghanistan"
20669:. World Bank. Archived from
20634:10.1371/journal.pone.0223111
18522:. Designmena. Archived from
18259:Ali, Rabia (1 August 2023).
18228:Thoms, Silja (8 July 2023).
18142:Gannon, Kathy (8 May 2022).
17821:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
17019:. TOLO News. 9 August 2020.
16993:. TOLO News. 7 August 2020.
16902:. BBC News. 24 August 2021.
16500:USGS Projects in Afghanistan
16072:"International Land Border."
16021:World Development Indicators
13181:George Washington University
12845:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
12423:Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005).
11327:Packard Humanities Institute
11074:"The Legacy of the Timurids"
11014:"Central Asian world cities"
10988:Afghanistan: A Country Study
10915:Packard Humanities Institute
10881:Packard Humanities Institute
10877:Translated by Guy Le Strange
10846:Packard Humanities Institute
10813:. Little, Brown Book Group.
10672:. Rowman & Littlefield.
10641:. Little, Brown Book Group.
9015:George Washington University
8951:Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022).
8527:
8188:Afghan national cricket team
7814:Radio Television Afghanistan
7430:, the ancient Greek city of
7260:A house occupied by nomadic
7076:Daoud Khan Military Hospital
6959:Ministry of Higher Education
6931:
6677:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
5979:are also very historic. The
5011:Afghanistan is divided into
4921:is likely to be promoted to
4905:, and would be based out of
4839:, with the aim of forming a
4310:The northeastern Hindu Kush
3702:
3232:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
3228:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
3104:by 1979, waged by guerrilla
3054:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
2897:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
2868:on 9 June 1926, forming the
2844:Amanullah Khan declared the
2726:much of Northern Afghanistan
2697:Afghan Civil War (1863–1869)
2554:, but killed Sikh Commander
2403:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
2332:and Mahmud Shah centered in
2172:, and on 23 July, he sieged
1969:and captured Kabul from the
1752:Ghaznavid campaigns in India
1722:. They were replaced by the
1369:was used to refer to ethnic
1305:
1274:, and third largest of both
84:
21:Afghanistan (disambiguation)
7:
27678:1709 establishments in Asia
27584:State Sponsors of Terrorism
27455:Protect America Act of 2007
26628:South Asian Free Trade Area
23892:Central Intelligence Agency
23727:. Oxford University Press.
23556:Afghanistan: a bibliography
23518:Bibliography of Afghanistan
21736:. Usaid.gov. Archived from
21668:Gul, Ayaz (20 April 2019).
20551:Population Reference Bureau
20420:"The Pashtun Tribal System"
20102:"Afghan bus crash kills 45"
18412:. TOLOnews. 18 April 2019.
18088:. Kabul, Afghanistan: CNN.
17164:Osman, Borhan (July 2016).
16716:Afghanistan, Second Edition
16255:Central Intelligence Agency
13838: 31 May 2001. – (
13355:. I.B.Tauris. p. 253.
11861:Onley, James (March 2009).
11424:. Oxford University Press.
11227:. Brill. 2009. p. 55.
11199:. Oxford University Press.
10917:. 1867–1877. Archived from
10848:. 1867–1877. Archived from
10785:. Oxford University Press.
9773:(9). West Point, New York:
8275:
8059:Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919
8024:
7847:films and listening to its
7808:Afghanistan has around 350
7630:saint in the 11th century,
7390:Architecture of Afghanistan
7287:) and a religious teacher (
7237:. Afghan culture is deeply
6847:
6828:), partly due to returning
6269:Demographics of Afghanistan
6195:Herat International Airport
6187:Kabul International Airport
5872:Important dams include the
5541:in assets belonging to the
5514:Afghanistan is a member of
5314:Human rights in Afghanistan
5277:
4946:Ministry of Women's Affairs
4798:First Deputy Prime Minister
4440:live in the high elevation
4381:basin in the east, and the
4140:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
3673:International Monetary Fund
3651:minister of foreign affairs
3638:was formed, which included
3491:became president after the
3466:Taliban began an insurgency
3407:, the prime suspect of the
3260:between leaders of various
3124:Inter-Services Intelligence
3036:, abolishing the monarchy.
2920:tribal revolts of 1944–1947
2532:Expedition of Shuja ul-Mulk
2166:Ahmad Shah returned in 1754
2023:(centered in Kandahar) and
1942:in 1370. Under the rule of
1930:in the northwest while the
1365:Historically, the ethnonym
1237:Soviets' withdrawal in 1989
808:48.08/km (124.5/sq mi)
302:(2019 unofficial estimates)
177:
141:
62:Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat
61:
10:
27779:
27521:Killing of Osama bin Laden
27398:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
27353:Operation Active Endeavour
26884:SAARC Documentation Centre
26573:(as Turkish Cypriot State)
26198:Inventions and discoveries
26170:Sino-Indian border dispute
25917:Human rights in South Asia
25703:
25074:British Overseas Territory
24687:Countries and dependencies
24570:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)
24509:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
23855:The History of Afghanistan
23657:Griffiths, John C (2001).
23521:
23515:
23465:. HMH Books. p. 100.
22905:Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds
22120:. BBC News. 28 April 2002.
21067:. BBC News. Archived from
19458:. Global Footprint Network
19280:Tucker, Ronald D. (2011).
19193:Klett, T.R. (March 2006).
16830:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
15559:. BBC News. 13 July 2021.
14496:Australian National Review
14280:. BBC News. 5 April 2014.
14254:. BBC News. 4 April 2014.
13467:Goodson, Larry P. (2002).
12702:Goodson, Larry P. (2001).
12211:Hafizullah, Emadi (2005).
12057:10.1177/002200949703200207
11225:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
10044:Vogelsang, Willem (2002).
9775:Combating Terrorism Center
9607:. Routledge. p. 200.
8171:won the gold medal at the
8094:
8088:
8063:International Workers' Day
7972:, yogurt, rice, and meat.
7926:
7922:
7801:
7679:
7591:
7552:, produced by a fusion of
7473:
7387:
7353:which acts as a coat. The
7309:and milk from the nomads.
7163:
7159:
7063:
6935:
6851:
6752:' by some Afghans like in
6684:
6674:
6482:
6445:
6380:
6262:
6090:
6084:
6042:
5989:UNESCO World Heritage Site
5891:
5887:
5818:
5626:
5392:
5388:
5322:LGBT rights in Afghanistan
5311:
5281:
5207:
5201:
4965:
4870:would be officially named
4704:
4698:
4636:
4409:
4361:with harsh winters in the
4341:
4332:destructive 5.9 earthquake
4281:rivers, lakes, and streams
4172:that stretches to eastern
4136:Gilgit-Baltistan territory
3706:
3630:and acting prime minister
3538:
3498:Operation Resolute Support
3493:2014 presidential election
3380:
3356:Excessive citations inline
3313:Excessive citations inline
3225:
3169:Excessive citations inline
3057:
3043:
2789:, the "Iron Amir", in 1900
2728:. Abdur Rahman marched on
2666:Second Anglo-Afghan treaty
2372:
2136:. Ahmad Shah had captured
2105:
2008:
1961:In the early 16th century
1741:
1463:
1457:
1446:
1442:
1309:
1249:US invasion of Afghanistan
588:Restoration of the Emirate
25:
18:
27713:Least developed countries
27626:
27468:
27420:
27388:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
27345:
27337:Drone strikes in Pakistan
27293:
27286:
27230:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
27197:
27136:
27129:
27053:
27046:
27008:
26917:
26871:
26850:
26794:
26743:
26634:
26622:
26554:
26403:
26327:
26302:
26269:
26262:
26183:
26157:
26134:
26089:
26022:
25957:
25903:
25880:
25802:
25714:
25584:
25521:
25483:
25441:
25366:
25243:
25232:
25196:
25114:
25087:
25056:
25040:
25019:
25006:
24964:
24953:
24697:
24653:
24648:Links to related articles
24597:
24535:
24526:
24464:
24455:
24364:
24355:
24253:
24201:
24192:
23985:Indus Valley civilisation
23970:
23532:Barfield, Thomas (2012).
23484:General and cited sources
22967:Roessing, Lesley (2012).
22558:. BBC News. 6 July 2011.
21975:10 September 2011 at the
21912:Federal Research Division
21556:World Health Organization
21428:"UNESCO UIS: Afghanistan"
21012:"Religion in Afghanistan"
19970:afghanistanembassy.org.uk
19181:The Brookings Institution
19175:23 September 2011 at the
19111:British Geological Survey
19104:"Minerals in Afghanistan"
18518:Ephgrave, Oliver (2011).
17659:. BBC News. 7 July 2012.
16955:. BBC News. 1 July 2002.
13266:. McFarland. p. 41.
13262:Skain, Rosemarie (2002).
12555:10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6
11285:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
11090:10.1017/S1356186300016424
10140:. Encarta. Archived from
9973:A Glossary of Colloquial
9576:Afghanistan Country Study
8894:10.1177/23477970221130882
8212:Afghanistan Cricket Board
8175:. In 2013, Afghanistan's
8167:. In 2012, the country's
8084:
8067:International Women's Day
8055:National Independence Day
7129:in Kabul are the leading
7108:Ministry of Public Health
7059:
6998:Afghan Defense University
6702:are divided into several
6228:); and a short link from
5903:Band-e Amir National Park
5814:
5762:China Metallurgical Group
5622:
5489:Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town
5425:least developed countries
4993:are now appointed by the
4841:national unity government
4625:. Afghanistan had a 2018
4498:and jackals populate the
3519:On 19 February 2020, the
3342:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif
3147:People's Democratic Party
3094:People's Democratic Party
2954:. Afghanistan joined the
2297:region The Durranis lost
2213:invaded India eight times
2082:captured Kandahar in the
1808:Ancient Iranian religions
1613:in the ancient region of
1535:in northern Afghanistan.
1525:Indus Valley Civilization
981:
969:
957:
935:
914:
884:
874:
864:
850:
840:
830:
812:
802:
783:
776:
766:
752:
745:
741:
728:
713:
700:
687:
672:
657:
644:
629:
614:
599:
584:
569:
556:
541:
522:
518:
511:
503:
499:
484:
464:
447:
443:
422:
410:
379:
297:
276:
232:
218:
192:
164:
130:
96:
37:
27608:Unitary executive theory
26165:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
24206:Administrative divisions
23787:Olson, Gillia M (2005).
23721:Johnson, Robert (2011).
23636:Fowler, Corinne (2007).
23574:Clements, Frank (2003).
21971:Asia. 18 February 2008.
21769:. London. Archived from
20134:"Driving in Afghanistan"
19946:. France 24. 20 May 2024
19724:South China Morning Post
19496:10.3390/resources7030058
19326:31 December 2013 at the
18995:. 7 June 2023. p. 1
18558:31 December 2013 at the
18299:. Reuters. 16 May 2022.
17631:Al Jazeera Media Network
16925:V-Dem Institute (2023).
16268:(Archived 2022 edition.)
16190:"Forests of Afghanistan"
15930:. Cambridge University.
14144:. London. Archived from
14002:. CNN. 15 January 2002.
13970:"Rebuilding Afghanistan"
13699:1 September 2017 at the
13671:. London. Archived from
13663:"New offer on Bin Laden"
13630:30 December 2013 at the
13602:. London. Archived from
12398:Hussain, Rizwan (2005).
12373:Meher, Jagmohan (2004).
12286:. Springer. p. 46.
11659:Tanner, Stephen (2009).
10533:"Afghan and Afghanistan"
10259:Bryant, Edwin F. (2001)
10086:"Afghanistan until 1747"
9992:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
9604:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
9572:"The Pre-Islamic Period"
9537:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
8477:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت
8114:Afghan Sports Federation
8051:by the Hindu community.
7675:
7537:, later used in ancient
7119:hospitals in Afghanistan
6951:Education in Afghanistan
6938:Education in Afghanistan
6813:Pashayi, and Nuristani.
6748:(and very often called '
6681:Languages of Afghanistan
6087:Transport in Afghanistan
5766:Steel Authority of India
5467:First Micro Finance Bank
4972:Districts of Afghanistan
4968:Provinces of Afghanistan
4962:Administrative divisions
4821:President of Afghanistan
4565:Wheeleria parviflorellus
4448:exclusively live in the
4336:6.3 magnitude earthquake
4318:of Afghanistan, is in a
4104:Razavi Khorasan Province
3709:Geography of Afghanistan
3122:them through Pakistan's
3084:, in what is called the
3034:president of Afghanistan
2864:. He proclaimed himself
2674:Indian Rebellion of 1857
2601:Principality of Qandahar
2520:campaigning to Jalalabad
2465:Principality of Qandahar
2425:Principality of Qandahar
2387:Principality of Qandahar
2225:Battle of Manupur (1748)
1454:Prehistory and antiquity
1076:Afghanistan's population
201:Afghanistan on the globe
47:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت
27683:Central Asian countries
27536:Extraordinary rendition
27531:Extrajudicial prisoners
26925:SAARC Secretary General
25972:Archaeological cultures
25498:Archaeological cultures
25433:Turco-Persian tradition
25032:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
24070:Second Anglo-Afghan War
24040:Third Battle of Panipat
23495:. Sterling Publishers.
23430:The Wall Street Journal
22885:Brittin, Helen (2011).
22793:. Freedom House. 2016.
22490:Encyclopædia Britannica
22221:ud-Din, Hameed (1960).
21826:. Australia: ABC News.
21709:(USAID). Archived from
21477:. AmuTV. 1 January 2023
20494:31 October 2013 at the
20418:Glatzer, Bernt (2002).
20374:Asian Transport Studies
20055:Cary Gladstone (2001).
19368:10 October 2013 at the
18797:. USAID. Archived from
18520:"Case study: Aino Mina"
17428:"Afghanistan Provinces"
16781:. Infobase Publishing.
16719:. Infobase Publishing.
16656:Encyclopædia Britannica
16091:Cary Gladstone (2001).
15863:Encyclopædia Britannica
13567:Maley, William (2009).
13161:Oxford University Press
12634:Klass, Rosanne (1994).
11937:"Afghanistan – HISTORY"
11752:Ingram, Edward (1980).
11731:. UNESCO. p. 296.
11725:Chahryar, Adle (2003).
10619:Grenet, Grenet (2016).
10564:Charles Higham (2014).
10334:Gnoli, Gherado (1989).
10313:Gnoli, Gherado (1989).
10264:Oxford University Press
9894:The Business of Fashion
8243:football in Afghanistan
8208:2023 Cricket World Cups
8179:followed as it won the
7798:Media and entertainment
7464:Afghan Emperor of India
7088:Human Development Index
6854:Religion in Afghanistan
6671:Ethnicity and languages
5803:In September 2023, the
5463:Standard Chartered Bank
5417:purchasing power parity
4809:Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin
4668:V-Dem Democracy indices
4639:Politics of Afghanistan
4633:Government and politics
4546:mountain salamander"),
4412:Wildlife of Afghanistan
3545:NATO Secretary General
3361:considered for deletion
3326:After the fall of Kabul
3318:considered for deletion
3174:considered for deletion
2804:Hindu–German Conspiracy
2714:British Protected State
2701:Second Anglo-Afghan War
2629:1842 retreat from Kabul
2530:and the British in the
2237:Third Battle of Panipat
1983:First Battle of Panipat
1768:in central Afghanistan.
1683:stones mainly from the
1425:Sadūzāʾī Durrānī polity
1300:purchasing power parity
1296:Human Development Index
1206:Republic of Afghanistan
1186:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1164:. Afghanistan became a
277:Official languages
227:unrecognized government
16:Country in Central Asia
27571:Operation Eagle Assist
27491:Clash of Civilizations
27038:Symbolism of terrorism
26940:South Asian University
26185:Science and technology
25090:Special administrative
25066:(Sovereign Base Areas)
24140:Second Islamic Emirate
24080:Kingdom of Afghanistan
24075:Third Anglo-Afghan War
24065:First Anglo-Afghan War
24050:Emirate of Afghanistan
24000:Yabghus of Tokharistan
23922:23 August 2015 at the
23764:Malleson, George Bruce
23706:. Palgrave Macmillan.
23700:Hopkins, B.D. (2008).
23617:Ewans, Martin (2002).
23238:"Sport in Afghanistan"
22023:: 1–20. Archived from
20874:. 2004. Archived from
20729:"World Bank Open Data"
20711:"World Bank Open Data"
18152:. Kabul, Afghanistan.
18119:. Kabul, Afghanistan.
17564:"Treaty of Friendship"
17072:AFP (18 August 2021).
16620:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
16168:. Simon and Schuster.
16133:Fisher, W. B. (2002).
13855:. Nato.usmission.gov.
13544:. 2010. Archived from
13351:Rashid, Ahmed (2002).
13320:A Woman Among Warlords
13183:. 2007. Archived from
12089:Encyclopedia Americana
11828:. BRILL. p. 257.
11800:6 January 2017 at the
10499:. BRILL. p. 125.
10099:Encyclopaedia of Islam
9956:meaning 'horsemen'." (
9949:; this word being the
9836:. Xinhua News Agency.
9272:"World Bank Open Data"
8486:امارت اسلامی افغانستان
8356:Afghanistan is a pure
8312:Outline of Afghanistan
8173:2012 Asian Beach Games
8165:2010 South Asian Games
8109:
7985:
7976:Holidays and festivals
7941:
7699:Indian classical music
7694:
7624:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
7489:
7460:tomb of Sher Shah Suri
7399:
7268:
7179:
7174:An Afghan family near
7166:Culture of Afghanistan
7083:
6947:
6870:
6836:and the popularity of
6724:Afghan National Anthem
6696:
6286:
6155:Ariana Afghan Airlines
6150:
6144:Ariana Afghan Airlines
6109:
5952:
5905:
5894:Tourism in Afghanistan
5834:
5708:gross national product
5641:
5577:
5480:
5412:
5395:Economy of Afghanistan
5298:2021 Taliban offensive
5020:
4660:2021 Taliban offensive
4651:
4555:Vulcaniella kabulensis
4530:Afghan flying squirrel
4425:
4377:of the southwest, the
4354:
4232:
4161:
4080:
3719:
3620:
3516:
3514:2021 Taliban offensive
3428:
3249:
3222:Post–Cold War conflict
3134:and the more moderate
3073:
2981:
2870:Kingdom of Afghanistan
2846:Emirate of Afghanistan
2833:
2812:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2792:
2592:
2494:to be left to rule in
2432:
2417:First Anglo-Afghan War
2363:Battle of Nimla (1809)
2307:Siege of Multan (1818)
2260:
2028:
1950:, whose glory matched
1903:
1769:
1627:a year earlier in the
1617:
1483:
1449:History of Afghanistan
1429:
1204:, following which the
1194:Kingdom of Afghanistan
1190:Third Anglo-Afghan War
1182:First Anglo-Afghan War
618:Anglo-Afghan Agreement
70:امارت اسلامی افغانستان
27743:South Asian countries
27566:Operation Noble Eagle
27403:2007 Lebanon conflict
26294:Islamabad Declaration
26064:Religious persecution
25922:Religious nationalism
25782:European and Eurasian
25586:Countries and regions
25198:Countries and regions
25064:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
24120:First Islamic Emirate
23462:The Places in Between
22260:Habib, Irfan (2007).
20980:7 August 2019 at the
20970:The Asia Foundation.
20058:Afghanistan Revisited
19772:richardgregory.org.uk
19742:richardgregory.org.uk
19167:O'Hanlon, Michael E.
18546:A Humane Afghan City?
18149:Associated Press News
17790:humandignitytrust.org
16809:Nature Communications
16094:Afghanistan Revisited
15505:. 12 September 2023.
15327:. 26 September 2021.
15297:. 21 September 2021.
14470:30 April 2015 at the
13885:. 24 September 2001.
13646:. CNN. Archived from
13326:. 11 September 2007.
12905:2 August 2018 at the
12873:Columbia Encyclopedia
12774:5 August 2013 at the
12110:. 10 September 2020.
10243:Louis Depree (1981).
9808:Middle East Institute
9731:Encyclopaedia Iranica
9671:. 16 September 2021.
9246:10.1108/OXAN-DB276639
8927:Middle East Institute
8800:28 March 2014 at the
8104:
7983:
7936:
7689:
7594:Poetry of Afghanistan
7582:Abdul Ghafoor Breshna
7484:A traditional Afghan
7483:
7426:, the Qala-i Bost in
7412:Great Mosque of Herat
7397:
7259:
7173:
7090:, Afghanistan is the
7073:
7066:Health in Afghanistan
7000:was constructed near
6955:Ministry of Education
6945:
6880:school. According to
6861:
6694:
6280:
6141:
6104:
5943:
5901:
5832:
5821:Energy in Afghanistan
5700:Brookings Institution
5636:
5629:Mining in Afghanistan
5572:
5475:
5402:
5010:
4868:Hibatullah Akhundzada
4646:
4419:
4349:
4226:
4152:
4076:
3718:
3636:new, all-male cabinet
3628:Hibatullah Akhundzada
3611:
3603:Republican insurgency
3539:Further information:
3511:
3470:government corruption
3449:Karzai administration
3422:
3399:In October 2001, the
3381:Further information:
3247:
3072:, Afghanistan in 1987
3067:
3058:Further information:
3032:and became the first
2976:
2824:
2778:
2584:
2410:
2373:Further information:
2249:
2027:(centered in Isfahan)
2018:
1899:
1853:By the 11th century,
1759:
1600:
1473:
1397:
1392:Encyclopedia of Islam
1154:Durrani Afghan Empire
1100:, including those by
870:$ 20.136 billion
836:$ 81.007 billion
768:• Water (%)
458:Hibatullah Akhundzada
146:"There is no god but
27708:Landlocked countries
27383:Operation Linda Nchi
27327:OEF – Horn of Africa
27240:Islamic Courts Union
27189:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
27013:September 11 attacks
26950:SAARC Literary Award
26872:Specialised agencies
26213:Traditional medicine
25460:Greater Central Asia
24932:United Arab Emirates
24226:Environmental issues
24174:Graveyard of empires
24163:Arabs in Afghanistan
23831:Reddy, L.R. (2002).
23742:Levi, Peter (1972).
23356:. 20 February 2015.
22874:on 13 February 2013.
22823:. 14 September 2013.
22649:"Artist Biographies"
22440:. CNN. 24 April 2008
21906:. Washington, D.C.:
21797:The New Humanitarian
21713:on 29 September 2013
20912:Online Edition 2006.
20909:Encyclopædia Iranica
20733:World Bank Open Data
20715:World Bank Open Data
20596:on 23 February 2018.
20339:"Khaf-Herat railway"
20315:. 25 February 2017.
20201:andrewgrantham.co.uk
19430:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
19231:. 28 December 2011.
19072:US Geological Survey
18921:on 28 December 2019.
18801:on 29 September 2013
18616:on 29 September 2013
18554:. 2 September 2009.
17727:Andrzejewski, Adam.
17294:. 5 September 2021.
17204:. 2 September 2021.
16496:"Earthquake Hazards"
16467:US Geological Survey
16465:(Technical report).
16381:on 30 December 2013.
16077:8 March 2021 at the
16017:"Land area (sq. km)"
15671:. 22 December 2023.
15641:. 11 December 2023.
15267:. 7 September 2021.
15209:. 8 September 2021.
14918:on 28 December 2021.
14410:. 28 December 2014.
14347:. 28 December 2014.
13626:. 20 September 2001
13569:The Afghanistan wars
13538:"Ahmed Shah Massoud"
13248:25 June 2018 at the
13035:on 12 December 2009.
12996:(13 November 2004).
12968:publishing.cdlib.org
12952:on 9 September 2020.
12925:, pp. 239, 244.
12839:Recknagel, Charles.
11353:"Ahmad Shah Durrani"
11293:The History of India
11253:Ibn Battuta (2004).
11183:, pp. 319, 321.
10955:(31 December 2005).
10493:Wink, André (2002).
10195:Rita Wright (2009).
10033:on 16 November 2013.
10027:Encyclopædia Iranica
9727:"DŌST MOḤAMMAD KHAN"
9276:World Bank Open Data
8988:. 8 September 2022.
8790:Princeton University
8771:3 March 2016 at the
8627:"Population Matters"
8612:Geonames.org (CC BY)
8347:for further details)
8156:, and other sports.
8091:Sport in Afghanistan
7804:Media of Afghanistan
7682:Music of Afghanistan
7650:Khushal Khan Khattak
7454:such as the city of
7131:children's hospitals
7022:Nangarhar University
6988:, modeled after the
6967:Ghulam Farooq Wardak
6756:), functions as the
6325:total fertility rate
6175:Iran Aseman Airlines
6133:Kabul–Jalalabad Road
6033:2024 Bamyan shooting
6005:citadel of Alexander
5798:ecological footprint
5686:US Geological Survey
5682:semi-precious stones
5318:Women in Afghanistan
4991:provincial governors
4866:. It was added that
4683:(grand assembly), a
4560:Afghan leopard gecko
4314:, in and around the
4144:Balochistan province
4084:41st largest country
3591:Costs of War Project
3427:in Afghanistan, 2008
3409:September 11 attacks
3395:Fall of Kabul (2021)
2838:Treaty of Rawalpindi
2658:conquest of Kandahar
2572:first major conflict
2566:, which engaged the
2439:in the west and the
2411:Map of Afghanistan (
2132:, and then-receding
1625:Darius III of Persia
1574:on the tombstone of
1362:words for "horse").
1326:is derived from the
1217:communist revolution
1094:graveyard of empires
1010:. It is bordered by
785:• 2023 estimate
19:For other uses, see
27763:Totalitarian states
26284:Secretaries-General
26144:South Asian studies
25670:South Asian regions
25536:Central Asian Games
24967:States with limited
24180:Wars in Afghanistan
24100:Democratic Republic
23334:on 24 February 2013
23270:. 5 February 2010.
22207:. Orizzonte terra,
22160:. Voice of America.
22096:. UNC Press Books.
22080:, p. 122, 198.
21908:Library of Congress
21824:"Mahboba's Promise"
21799:. 2 December 2004.
21773:on 15 December 2010
21617:on 31 December 2013
21408:on 30 December 2013
21351:on 28 December 2021
21288:on 30 November 2009
21168:The Washington Post
21071:on 22 February 2009
21038:Pew Research Center
20625:2019PLoSO..1423111N
20490:". UN News Centre.
20349:on 20 December 2017
19806:The Daily Telegraph
19748:on 11 November 2020
19663:on 23 November 2016
19630:UNDP in Afghanistan
19261:on 12 December 2013
18885:. 22 December 2019.
18775:. 25 September 2023
18735:. 10 November 2021.
18690:. 20 October 2021.
18473:on 30 December 2013
18360:on 11 November 2020
18028:The Washington Post
17320:. 15 September 2021
17175:New York University
16927:"The V-Dem Dataset"
16821:2020NatCo..11.5978G
16684:Terraced Landscapes
16612:2018NatSD...580214B
16594:(30 October 2018).
16567:. 2 December 2023.
16351:on 30 December 2013
15742:on 25 December 2013
15702:on 25 December 2013
15471:. 31 January 2023.
15415:. 25 October 2021.
15357:. 28 October 2021.
15207:The Express Tribune
15131:on 28 December 2021
15056:. 26 January 2022.
14760:on 6 September 2021
14141:The Daily Telegraph
14115:on 21 December 2013
14089:on 15 December 2010
14057:"USAID Afghanistan"
14030:Stanford University
13722:. 30 January 2006.
13606:on 8 November 2013.
13599:The Daily Telegraph
13511:on 23 October 2013.
13418:on 18 November 2002
13187:on 3 December 2013.
13163:, (1999), pp. 25–26
13155:Matinuddin, Kamal,
11913:. 22 October 2014.
10593:Eternal Afghanistan
10291:on 9 September 2012
9703:. 26 October 2001.
9453:on 4 September 2022
9112:The Washington Post
8501:Government of India
8245:is governed by the
8169:3x3 basketball team
8140:, track and field,
8073:(during Nowruz) in
8071:Red Flower Festival
7910:Escape from Taliban
7666:Khalilullah Khalili
7202:, the provision of
7117:There are over 100
7006:Kandahar University
6994:Afghan Armed Forces
6980:(AUAF) followed by
6953:is overseen by the
6882:Pew Research Center
6125:Indian subcontinent
6001:Alexander the Great
5997:Shrine of the Cloak
5950:World Heritage Site
5760:copper mine to the
5754:rare earth elements
5720:natural gas liquids
5696:Michael E. O'Hanlon
5688:are worth at least
5654:rare earth elements
5543:Afghan central bank
5439:Da Afghanistan Bank
5403:Workers processing
5284:Afghan Armed Forces
5268:major non-NATO ally
5017:number of districts
4919:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
4903:Saayid Ali Khamenei
4813:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
4792:Abdul Ghani Baradar
4359:continental climate
4320:geologically active
4316:Badakhshan Province
4251:flows west towards
4182:Karakoram Mountains
3640:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
3447:to help assist the
3445:UN Security Council
3334:Abdul Rashid Dostum
3210:collapsed in 1992.
3208:Mohammad Najibullah
3098:Nur Muhammad Taraki
3082:Mohammed Daoud Khan
2994:Mohammed Daoud Khan
2952:Amanullah loyalists
2909:Mohammed Nadir Shah
2905:Habibullah Kalakani
2866:King of Afghanistan
2840:on 19 August 1919,
2830:King of Afghanistan
2828:proclaimed himself
2685:Mohammad Afzal Khan
2641:The Battle of Kabul
2326:Mahmud Shah Durrani
1956:Italian Renaissance
1948:Timurid Renaissance
1891:Khwarazmian dynasty
1629:Battle of Gaugamela
1621:Alexander the Great
1312:Name of Afghanistan
1162:modern Afghan state
1106:Alexander the Great
1078:is 43 million. The
676:Democratic Republic
494:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
257: /
27613:Unlawful combatant
27546:Iranian Revolution
27332:OEF – Trans Sahara
27307:War in Afghanistan
27164:Jalaluddin Haqqani
27159:Sirajuddin Haqqani
27085:Iraqi Armed Forces
25578:South Asian topics
24499:Telecommunications
24469:Afghani (currency)
24384:Leadership Council
24168:European influence
24045:Dost Mohammad Khan
23980:Pre-Islamic period
23887:The World Factbook
23837:. APH Publishing.
23795:. Capstone Press.
23685:. Fenestra Books.
23412:. 17 January 2018.
23380:"Statistics: Iran"
23268:The Times of India
23240:. Top End Sports.
23100:. 19 October 2017.
22411:on 1 January 2022.
22403:The New York Times
22386:. 27 January 2015.
22310:. 15 January 2020.
21529:. 20 December 2023
21335:The New York Times
21226:The Jerusalem Post
21200:. 7 September 2021
21102:on 11 January 2007
20878:on 28 October 2013
20557:on 2 December 2013
20044:. 16 January 2015.
19768:"The hippie trail"
19614:. 3 February 2015.
19395:The New York Times
19344:The New York Times
18938:The New York Times
18548:" by Ann Marlowe.
18441:The New York Times
18117:The New York Times
17925:The New York Times
17708:on 12 October 2021
17602:. 16 August 2021.
17459:The New York Times
17262:The Economic Times
17234:. 31 August 2021.
17049:. 16 August 2021.
16250:The World Factbook
16053:on 31 January 2014
16027:on 29 October 2013
15153:. BBC News فارسی.
15115:The New York Times
14910:The New York Times
14846:. 17 August 2021.
14786:. 21 August 2021.
14726:. 15 August 2021.
14148:on 29 January 2014
14063:on 17 October 2010
13798:The New York Times
13548:on 25 January 2014
13444:. 7 January 1998.
13105:on 2 November 2008
13099:Human Rights Watch
13029:Human Rights Watch
12936:"Archived Version"
12794:on 11 January 2014
11941:Country Studies US
11896:, p. 376-383.
11851:, p. 359-366.
11784:on 16 August 2016.
11692:. Reaktion Books.
11562:on 4 December 2021
11503:, p. 122-123.
11321:Edward G. Browne.
10545:on 23 October 2008
10089:. In Fleet, Kate;
9971:" (Hobson-Jobson:
9896:. 25 August 2021.
9582:on 3 November 2001
9447:Hasht-e Subh Daily
9022:on 14 January 2023
8738:. 14 August 2011.
8709:. 20 August 2021.
8664:. 23 August 2021.
8661:The Times of India
8362:Leadership Council
8290:Afghanistan portal
8110:
7986:
7942:
7695:
7490:
7436:Buddhas of Bamiyan
7400:
7372:Ahmad Shah Massoud
7269:
7266:Nangarhar Province
7180:
7135:Jamhuriat Hospital
7100:maternal mortality
7084:
7012:in the northwest,
6948:
6914:There was a small
6890:non-denominational
6871:
6784:is spoken by 50%,
6770:CIA World Factbook
6738:official languages
6697:
6569:Nangarhar Province
6370:in the north, and
6315:in 2008 was 27.8.
6287:
6151:
6110:
5953:
5906:
5835:
5642:
5578:
5550:GDP of Afghanistan
5481:
5413:
5375:Sirajuddin Haqqani
5021:
4888:Sirajuddin Haqqani
4880:head of government
4744:Sirajuddin Haqqani
4652:
4609:; there are three
4426:
4357:Afghanistan has a
4355:
4351:Köppen climate map
4233:
4162:
4134:of China; and the
4120:Surxondaryo Region
3720:
3621:
3618:2021 fall of Kabul
3572:anti-Taliban front
3535:Second Taliban era
3529:Taliban insurgency
3517:
3462:rebuilding process
3429:
3391:Taliban insurgency
3330:Ahmad Shah Massoud
3250:
3096:General Secretary
3074:
2982:
2834:
2710:Treaty of Gandamak
2689:Mohammad Azam Khan
2654:conquest of Kunduz
2646:Hazarajat campaign
2613:Shah Shuja Durrani
2593:
2558:, thus ending the
2528:Shah Shuja Durrani
2516:Battle of Nowshera
2508:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2485:Dost Mohammad Khan
2433:
2421:Dost Mohammad Khan
2375:Dost Mohammad Khan
2355:Shah Shuja Durrani
2318:Zaman Shah Durrani
2311:Zaman Shah Durrani
2265:Timur Shah Durrani
2261:
2252:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2118:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2112:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2096:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2061:Battle of Gulnabad
2029:
1987:Khanate of Bukhara
1904:
1770:
1657:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1651:reconquest by the
1618:
1601:A "Bactrian gold"
1576:Darius I of Persia
1484:
1433:Dost Mohammad Khan
1202:overthrown in 1973
1158:Dost Mohammad Khan
1130:a US-led coalition
1090:Middle Paleolithic
1056:northeast and east
860:2020 estimate
826:2020 estimate
299:Ethnic groups
178:Dā Də Bātorāno Kor
27688:Countries in Asia
27660:
27659:
27654:
27653:
27551:Islamic terrorism
27416:
27415:
27312:OEF – Philippines
27282:
27281:
27278:
27277:
27235:Hizbul Mujahideen
27076:Northern Alliance
26968:
26967:
26945:South Asian Games
26930:SAARC Secretariat
26581:
26580:
26323:
26322:
26221:
26220:
26124:Traditional games
26109:South Asian Games
25697:General geography
25544:
25543:
25156:
25155:
25083:
25082:
24640:
24639:
24593:
24592:
24522:
24521:
24451:
24450:
24414:Foreign relations
24249:
24248:
24188:
24187:
24090:Saqqawist Emirate
24030:Siege of Kandahar
23865:978-0-313-33798-7
23844:978-81-7648-319-3
23823:978-962-217-816-8
23802:978-0-7368-2685-3
23779:978-1-4021-7278-6
23755:978-0-00-211042-6
23734:978-0-19-979856-8
23713:978-0-230-55421-4
23692:978-1-58736-169-2
23679:Habibi, Abdul Hai
23670:978-1-84222-597-4
23663:. Carlton Books.
23649:978-90-420-2262-1
23609:978-0-19-577634-8
23587:978-1-85109-402-8
23566:978-90-04-14532-0
23545:978-0-691-15441-1
23472:978-0-15-603593-4
23060:978-1-55192-871-5
23031:978-1-78074-307-3
23001:Los Angeles Times
22980:978-1-61048-812-9
22776:978-0-312-27727-7
22728:. 16 April 2019.
22517:. 5 October 2017.
22328:on 30 August 2021
22292:. 21 August 2019.
22271:978-81-237-5255-6
22204:cultural heritage
22200:G.V. Brandolini.
22138:on 13 August 2021
21527:The Seattle Times
21128:. 25 August 2005.
20852:on 29 August 2021
20830:. 31 August 2017.
20810:. 20 August 2021.
20260:. 7 August 2018.
20110:. 26 April 2013.
20068:978-1-59033-421-8
19376:. 6 December 2011
18610:"Economic growth"
18572:Michael Sprague.
18526:on 6 January 2014
18000:, 23 March 2006,
17499:on 27 August 2010
16506:on 4 October 2011
16325:on 15 August 2021
16253:(2024 ed.).
16197:cropwatch.unl.edu
16104:978-1-59033-421-8
15997:on 30 August 2020
15834:. 26 April 2011.
15778:. 26 March 2013.
15669:Business Standard
14994:Stars and Stripes
14605:. 14 April 2021.
14180:978-1-317-07407-6
13578:978-0-230-21313-5
13486:978-0-295-98111-6
13362:978-1-86064-830-4
13295:Los Angeles Times
13273:978-0-7864-1090-3
13137:on 4 October 2013
13068:on 4 October 2013
13007:978-1-85043-437-5
12881:on 10 August 2012
12721:978-0-295-98050-8
12647:978-1-4128-3965-5
12572:on 6 October 2014
12520:978-0-674-05866-8
12474:. 26 April 1998.
12409:978-0-7546-4434-7
12384:978-81-7835-262-6
12336:, p. 186–88.
12293:978-1-349-21948-3
12266:978-1-85743-133-9
11835:978-90-04-10399-3
11738:978-92-3-103876-1
11699:978-1-78914-010-1
11672:978-0-306-81826-4
11458:978-3-7001-7202-4
11266:978-0-415-34473-9
11159:, pp. 92–93.
10953:Richard F. Strand
10820:978-0-349-14218-0
10792:978-0-19-879253-6
10736:978-965-278-223-6
10729:. Israel Museum.
10706:978-0-297-86559-9
10679:978-0-7391-3609-6
10648:978-0-349-14218-0
10602:978-92-3-103850-1
10577:978-1-4381-0996-1
10360:iranicaonline.org
10272:978-0-19-513777-4
10007:978-8-12080-436-4
9383:978-92-1-126442-5
9345:. 13 March 2024.
8633:on 16 August 2021
8318:Explanatory notes
8181:SAFF Championship
8025:čelle ye zemestān
7566:Kamaleddin Behzad
7562:Persian miniature
7531:Chinese porcelain
7503:Soviet–Afghan War
7448:Darul Aman Palace
7295:, locally called
7154:Mahboba's Promise
7150:Save the Children
7086:According to the
7018:Kunduz University
6926:Afghan Christians
6788:10%, English 5%,
6667:
6666:
6515:Kandahar Province
6323:Afghanistan 2024
6214:Uzbekistan border
5837:According to the
5344:punished by death
5342:offenders can be
5334:Homosexuality is
5258:, Australia, and
5198:Foreign relations
4825:Abdullah Abdullah
4800:
4779:
4756:
4754:Interior Minister
4731:
4400:Nuristan Province
4398:zone, except the
4385:plains along the
4363:central highlands
4326:in some parts or
4186:Roof of the World
4118:of Turkmenistan;
4060:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3990:
3979:
3968:
3954:
3940:
3926:
3912:
3898:
3884:
3873:
3862:
3851:
3840:
3829:
3818:
3807:
3796:
3785:
3774:
3763:
3752:
3741:
3730:
3654:Amir Khan Muttaqi
3589:According to the
3584:Panjshir province
3367:suicide attackers
3338:Northern Alliance
3240:Northern Alliance
3200:Soviet withdrawal
3159:Soviet–Afghan War
3068:Soviet troops in
3050:Soviet–Afghan War
3010:1964 constitution
3008:. Afterward, the
2956:League of Nations
2938:tribesmen led by
2854:independent state
2787:Abdur Rahman Khan
2742:besieged Kandahar
2738:Battle of Maiwand
2722:Abdur Rahman Khan
2650:conquest of Balkh
2538:, leading to the
2473:Khanate of Qunduz
2453:brutally murdered
2395:Anglo-Afghan Wars
2379:Herat (1793–1863)
2320:succeeded to the
2084:siege of Kandahar
2069:Battle of Damghan
1906:In 1219 CE,
1879:Ghaznavid dynasty
1778:brought Islam to
1558:and incorporated
1233:Soviet–Afghan War
1208:was established.
998:, officially the
993:
992:
876:• Per capita
842:• Per capita
709:27 September 1996
261:34.517°N 69.183°E
171:دا د باتورانو کور
27770:
27644:
27643:
27634:
27633:
27589:Targeted killing
27378:Iraqi insurgency
27298:Enduring Freedom
27291:
27290:
27250:Jemaah Islamiyah
27245:Jaish-e-Mohammed
27134:
27133:
27051:
27050:
26995:
26988:
26981:
26972:
26971:
26918:Related Articles
26608:
26601:
26594:
26585:
26584:
26574:
26568:
26566:
26565:
26544:
26542:
26541:
26530:
26528:
26527:
26516:
26514:
26513:
26502:
26500:
26499:
26488:
26486:
26485:
26474:
26472:
26471:
26460:
26458:
26457:
26446:
26444:
26443:
26432:
26430:
26429:
26418:
26416:
26415:
26267:
26266:
26248:
26241:
26234:
26225:
26224:
26119:Physical culture
26014:Former countries
26009:Contemporary era
25709:
25571:
25564:
25557:
25548:
25547:
25513:Former countries
25323:Meskhetian Turks
25238:
25183:
25176:
25169:
25160:
25159:
25144:
25132:
25131:
25092:regions of China
25027:Christmas Island
25017:
25016:
24959:
24699:Sovereign states
24680:
24673:
24666:
24657:
24656:
24644:
24643:
24620:
24613:
24606:
24533:
24532:
24462:
24461:
24362:
24361:
24199:
24198:
24148:
24147:
24135:Islamic Republic
24095:Daoud's Republic
24060:Afghan–Sikh Wars
24055:Battle of Jamrud
24015:Islamic conquest
23995:Greater Khorasan
23953:
23946:
23939:
23930:
23929:
23910:
23909:
23869:
23848:
23827:
23806:
23794:
23783:
23759:
23738:
23717:
23696:
23674:
23653:
23632:
23621:. Curzon Press.
23613:
23591:
23570:
23549:
23506:
23477:
23476:
23453:
23447:
23446:
23444:
23442:
23420:
23414:
23413:
23402:
23396:
23395:
23393:
23391:
23376:
23370:
23369:
23367:
23365:
23350:
23344:
23343:
23341:
23339:
23330:. Archived from
23320:
23314:
23313:
23311:
23309:
23293:
23284:
23283:
23281:
23279:
23260:
23254:
23253:
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23234:
23228:
23227:
23225:
23223:
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23202:
23201:
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23197:
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23175:
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23127:
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23101:
23090:
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23083:
23071:
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23036:
23035:
23012:
23006:
23005:
22991:
22985:
22984:
22964:
22958:
22957:
22954:Mehr News Agency
22945:
22939:
22938:
22927:
22921:
22920:
22918:
22916:
22907:. Archived from
22897:
22891:
22890:
22882:
22876:
22875:
22863:
22857:
22856:
22845:
22839:
22838:
22831:
22825:
22824:
22821:Himal Southasian
22813:
22807:
22806:
22804:
22802:
22787:
22781:
22780:
22760:
22754:
22748:
22742:
22741:
22739:
22737:
22718:
22709:
22708:
22706:
22704:
22695:. Archived from
22685:
22679:
22678:
22671:
22665:
22664:
22662:
22660:
22655:on 9 August 2013
22645:
22639:
22638:
22627:
22621:
22620:
22609:
22598:
22597:
22595:
22593:
22588:on 12 April 2014
22578:
22572:
22571:
22569:
22567:
22552:
22546:
22545:
22525:
22519:
22518:
22507:
22501:
22500:
22498:
22496:
22482:
22476:
22475:
22473:
22471:
22456:
22450:
22449:
22447:
22445:
22434:
22428:
22427:
22419:
22413:
22412:
22410:
22405:. Archived from
22394:
22388:
22387:
22376:
22370:
22369:
22362:
22356:
22355:
22344:
22338:
22337:
22335:
22333:
22318:
22312:
22311:
22300:
22294:
22293:
22282:
22276:
22275:
22257:
22251:
22250:
22218:
22212:
22198:
22192:
22191:
22189:
22187:
22178:. Archived from
22176:afghanistans.com
22168:
22162:
22161:
22154:
22148:
22147:
22145:
22143:
22128:
22122:
22121:
22114:
22108:
22107:
22093:What Is Veiling?
22087:
22081:
22075:
22069:
22068:
22063:
22061:
22046:
22040:
22039:
22037:
22035:
22029:
22018:
22009:
22003:
21997:
21991:
21990:, p. 40–41.
21985:
21979:
21961:
21955:
21949:
21943:
21937:
21931:
21930:
21928:
21926:
21889:
21888:
21883:
21877:
21876:
21874:
21872:
21863:. Archived from
21861:afghanistans.com
21853:
21840:
21839:
21837:
21835:
21819:
21813:
21812:
21810:
21808:
21789:
21783:
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21780:
21778:
21756:
21750:
21749:
21747:
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21699:
21693:
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21685:
21665:
21659:
21658:
21656:
21654:
21648:
21641:
21633:
21627:
21626:
21624:
21622:
21613:. Archived from
21602:
21596:
21595:
21594:on 23 June 2017.
21584:
21575:
21574:
21572:
21570:
21564:
21553:
21545:
21539:
21538:
21536:
21534:
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21512:
21510:
21508:
21502:Geneva Solutions
21493:
21487:
21486:
21484:
21482:
21471:
21465:
21464:
21462:
21460:
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21413:
21397:
21391:
21390:
21388:
21386:
21367:
21361:
21360:
21358:
21356:
21350:
21345:. Archived from
21326:
21320:
21319:
21317:
21315:
21304:
21298:
21297:
21295:
21293:
21284:. Archived from
21277:
21271:
21270:
21268:
21266:
21244:
21238:
21237:
21235:
21233:
21216:
21210:
21209:
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21181:
21179:
21159:
21153:
21152:
21150:
21148:
21143:. Deutsche Welle
21136:
21130:
21129:
21118:
21112:
21111:
21109:
21107:
21098:. Archived from
21090:Lavina Melwani.
21087:
21081:
21080:
21078:
21076:
21060:
21054:
21053:
21051:
21049:
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20913:
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20892:
20891:
20885:
20883:
20868:
20862:
20861:
20859:
20857:
20848:. Archived from
20838:
20832:
20831:
20818:
20812:
20811:
20804:
20798:
20797:
20795:
20793:
20783:
20775:
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20663:
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20656:
20646:
20636:
20619:(10): e0223111.
20604:
20598:
20597:
20595:
20589:. Archived from
20582:
20573:
20567:
20566:
20564:
20562:
20553:. Archived from
20543:
20537:
20536:
20530:
20522:
20520:
20518:
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20478:
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19929:
19918:
19912:
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19909:
19907:
19896:
19890:
19889:
19887:
19885:
19870:
19864:
19863:
19851:
19845:
19839:
19833:
19832:
19821:
19815:
19814:
19802:
19794:
19788:
19787:
19785:
19783:
19774:. Archived from
19764:
19758:
19757:
19755:
19753:
19744:. Archived from
19734:
19728:
19727:
19716:
19710:
19709:
19697:
19691:
19690:
19689:. 26 April 2020.
19679:
19673:
19672:
19670:
19668:
19652:
19646:
19645:
19643:
19641:
19636:on 14 April 2021
19632:. Archived from
19622:
19616:
19615:
19604:
19595:
19594:
19587:
19581:
19580:
19569:
19563:
19562:
19551:
19545:
19544:
19542:
19540:
19529:
19523:
19522:
19520:
19518:
19507:
19501:
19500:
19498:
19474:
19468:
19467:
19465:
19463:
19456:"Country Trends"
19452:
19443:
19442:
19440:
19438:
19420:
19411:
19410:
19408:
19406:
19389:(17 June 2010).
19383:
19377:
19358:
19352:
19351:
19350:on 31 July 2011.
19336:
19330:
19312:
19306:
19305:
19303:
19301:
19295:
19288:
19277:
19271:
19270:
19268:
19266:
19251:
19245:
19244:
19242:
19240:
19225:
19219:
19218:
19216:
19214:
19208:
19201:
19190:
19184:
19165:
19159:
19158:
19156:
19154:
19149:on 9 August 2013
19139:
19130:
19129:
19127:
19125:
19119:
19113:. Archived from
19108:
19100:
19091:
19090:
19088:
19086:
19080:
19069:
19058:
19049:
19048:
19046:
19044:
19033:
19027:
19026:
19024:
19022:
19011:
19005:
19004:
19002:
19000:
18985:
18979:
18978:
18976:
18974:
18958:
18952:
18951:
18946:
18944:
18929:
18923:
18922:
18911:
18905:
18904:
18893:
18887:
18886:
18875:
18869:
18868:
18866:
18864:
18849:
18843:
18842:
18831:
18825:
18824:
18817:
18811:
18810:
18808:
18806:
18791:
18785:
18784:
18782:
18780:
18765:
18759:
18758:
18756:
18754:
18743:
18737:
18736:
18725:
18719:
18718:
18702:
18696:
18695:
18680:
18674:
18673:
18671:
18669:
18655:
18649:
18648:
18647:on 12 June 2020.
18643:. Archived from
18632:
18626:
18625:
18623:
18621:
18606:
18600:
18599:
18597:
18595:
18589:
18578:
18569:
18563:
18542:
18536:
18535:
18533:
18531:
18515:
18509:
18508:
18506:
18504:
18499:on 29 April 2013
18489:
18483:
18482:
18480:
18478:
18463:
18457:
18456:
18454:
18452:
18443:. Archived from
18432:
18426:
18425:
18423:
18421:
18406:
18400:
18399:
18397:
18395:
18376:
18370:
18369:
18367:
18365:
18350:
18344:
18343:
18341:
18339:
18319:
18313:
18312:
18310:
18308:
18287:
18281:
18280:
18278:
18276:
18256:
18250:
18249:
18247:
18245:
18225:
18219:
18218:
18216:
18214:
18199:
18193:
18192:
18190:
18188:
18172:
18166:
18165:
18163:
18161:
18139:
18133:
18132:
18130:
18128:
18108:
18102:
18101:
18099:
18097:
18081:
18075:
18074:
18072:
18070:
18050:
18044:
18043:
18041:
18039:
18019:
18013:
18012:
18011:
18009:
17988:
17982:
17981:
17979:
17977:
17955:
17949:
17948:
17946:
17944:
17916:
17910:
17909:
17907:
17905:
17875:
17869:
17868:
17866:
17864:
17843:
17837:
17836:
17834:
17832:
17812:
17806:
17805:
17803:
17801:
17782:
17776:
17775:
17773:
17771:
17755:
17749:
17748:
17746:
17744:
17724:
17718:
17717:
17715:
17713:
17698:
17692:
17691:
17679:
17673:
17672:
17670:
17668:
17653:
17647:
17646:
17644:
17642:
17622:
17616:
17615:
17613:
17611:
17590:
17584:
17583:
17581:
17579:
17560:
17554:
17548:
17542:
17541:
17539:
17537:
17531:
17524:
17515:
17509:
17508:
17506:
17504:
17489:
17483:
17482:
17480:
17478:
17450:
17444:
17443:
17441:
17439:
17424:
17418:
17411:
17405:
17404:
17402:
17400:
17388:
17382:
17381:
17379:
17377:
17362:
17356:
17355:
17353:
17351:
17336:
17330:
17329:
17327:
17325:
17314:
17308:
17307:
17305:
17303:
17284:
17278:
17277:
17275:
17273:
17254:
17248:
17247:
17245:
17243:
17224:
17218:
17217:
17215:
17213:
17192:
17186:
17185:
17183:
17172:
17161:
17155:
17154:
17152:
17150:
17131:
17125:
17124:
17122:
17120:
17100:
17094:
17093:
17091:
17089:
17069:
17063:
17062:
17060:
17058:
17039:
17033:
17032:
17030:
17028:
17013:
17007:
17006:
17004:
17002:
16987:
16981:
16975:
16969:
16968:
16966:
16964:
16949:
16943:
16942:
16940:
16938:
16922:
16916:
16915:
16913:
16911:
16896:
16890:
16889:
16887:
16885:
16870:
16861:
16860:
16850:
16832:
16799:
16793:
16792:
16772:
16761:
16760:
16758:
16756:
16747:. Archived from
16745:afghanistans.com
16737:
16731:
16730:
16710:
16699:
16698:
16678:
16672:
16671:
16669:
16667:
16648:
16642:
16641:
16631:
16587:
16581:
16580:
16578:
16576:
16557:
16551:
16550:
16548:
16546:
16535:Associated Press
16522:
16516:
16515:
16513:
16511:
16492:
16486:
16485:
16483:
16481:
16475:
16464:
16453:
16447:
16446:
16435:
16429:
16428:
16419:
16413:
16412:
16410:
16408:
16399:. 15 June 2010.
16389:
16383:
16382:
16367:
16361:
16360:
16358:
16356:
16341:
16335:
16334:
16332:
16330:
16321:. Archived from
16319:afghanistans.com
16311:
16302:
16301:
16299:
16297:
16291:
16284:
16276:
16270:
16265:
16263:
16261:
16241:
16216:
16215:
16213:
16211:
16205:
16194:
16186:
16180:
16179:
16159:
16153:
16152:
16130:
16109:
16108:
16088:
16082:
16069:
16063:
16062:
16060:
16058:
16043:
16037:
16036:
16034:
16032:
16013:
16007:
16006:
16004:
16002:
15993:. Archived from
15987:
15981:
15980:
15960:
15954:
15953:
15951:
15949:
15922:
15916:
15915:
15910:
15908:
15886:
15880:
15879:
15877:
15875:
15854:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15843:
15824:
15818:
15815:
15813:
15811:
15791:
15789:
15787:
15771:
15769:
15767:
15758:. Archived from
15751:
15749:
15747:
15738:. Archived from
15731:
15729:
15727:
15711:
15709:
15707:
15691:
15685:
15684:
15682:
15680:
15661:
15655:
15654:
15652:
15650:
15631:
15625:
15624:
15622:
15620:
15605:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15594:
15579:
15573:
15572:
15570:
15568:
15553:
15547:
15545:
15543:
15541:
15536:on 10 March 2013
15532:. Archived from
15525:
15519:
15518:
15516:
15514:
15495:
15489:
15488:
15482:
15480:
15461:
15455:
15454:
15452:
15450:
15435:
15429:
15428:
15426:
15424:
15403:
15397:
15396:
15394:
15392:
15377:
15371:
15370:
15368:
15366:
15347:
15341:
15340:
15338:
15336:
15317:
15311:
15310:
15308:
15306:
15287:
15281:
15280:
15278:
15276:
15255:
15249:
15248:
15246:
15244:
15229:
15223:
15222:
15220:
15218:
15199:
15193:
15192:
15190:
15188:
15173:
15167:
15166:
15164:
15162:
15147:
15141:
15140:
15138:
15136:
15130:
15125:. Archived from
15106:
15100:
15099:
15097:
15095:
15076:
15070:
15069:
15067:
15065:
15046:
15040:
15039:
15037:
15035:
15026:. 9 March 2022.
15016:
15010:
15009:
15007:
15005:
14986:
14980:
14979:
14977:
14975:
14956:
14950:
14949:
14947:
14945:
14934:The Costs of War
14926:
14920:
14919:
14917:
14912:. Archived from
14901:
14895:
14894:
14892:
14890:
14874:
14866:
14860:
14859:
14857:
14855:
14836:
14830:
14829:
14827:
14825:
14806:
14800:
14799:
14797:
14795:
14776:
14770:
14769:
14767:
14765:
14746:
14740:
14739:
14737:
14735:
14714:
14708:
14707:
14705:
14703:
14684:
14678:
14677:
14675:
14673:
14664:. 13 July 2021.
14652:
14646:
14645:
14643:
14641:
14625:
14619:
14618:
14616:
14614:
14593:
14587:
14586:
14584:
14582:
14563:
14557:
14556:
14554:
14552:
14530:
14524:
14521:
14503:
14498:. Archived from
14460:
14454:
14453:
14451:
14449:
14444:on 9 August 2018
14440:. Archived from
14438:The Soufan Group
14430:
14424:
14423:
14421:
14419:
14400:
14394:
14393:
14391:
14389:
14367:
14361:
14360:
14358:
14356:
14345:Associated Press
14337:
14331:
14330:
14328:
14326:
14300:
14294:
14293:
14291:
14289:
14274:
14268:
14267:
14265:
14263:
14248:
14242:
14241:
14239:
14237:
14217:
14211:
14210:
14208:
14206:
14191:
14185:
14184:
14164:
14158:
14157:
14155:
14153:
14131:
14125:
14124:
14122:
14120:
14105:
14099:
14098:
14096:
14094:
14079:
14073:
14072:
14070:
14068:
14055:Fossler, Julie.
14052:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14041:
14022:
14016:
14015:
14013:
14011:
13996:
13990:
13989:
13987:
13985:
13966:
13960:
13959:
13957:
13955:
13935:
13929:
13928:
13926:
13924:
13905:
13899:
13898:
13896:
13894:
13875:
13869:
13868:
13866:
13864:
13849:
13843:
13836:S/RES/1386(2001)
13821:
13815:
13814:
13812:
13810:
13805:on 11 April 2014
13801:. Archived from
13788:
13782:
13781:
13775:
13773:
13767:
13754:
13746:
13740:
13739:
13733:
13731:
13710:
13704:
13691:
13685:
13684:
13682:
13680:
13658:
13652:
13651:
13650:on 29 July 2013.
13640:
13634:
13614:
13608:
13607:
13589:
13583:
13582:
13564:
13558:
13557:
13555:
13553:
13534:
13528:
13527:
13519:
13513:
13512:
13497:
13491:
13490:
13474:
13464:
13458:
13457:
13455:
13453:
13442:Associated Press
13434:
13428:
13427:
13425:
13423:
13404:
13398:
13397:
13395:
13393:
13373:
13367:
13366:
13348:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13335:
13311:
13309:
13307:
13284:
13278:
13277:
13259:
13253:
13240:
13234:
13227:
13221:
13220:
13218:
13216:
13210:
13203:
13195:
13189:
13188:
13173:
13164:
13153:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13136:
13129:
13121:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13110:
13091:
13078:
13077:
13075:
13073:
13067:
13060:
13052:
13046:
13043:
13037:
13036:
13021:
13012:
13011:
12990:
12984:
12983:
12981:
12979:
12960:
12954:
12953:
12951:
12945:. Archived from
12940:
12932:
12926:
12920:
12914:
12897:
12891:
12890:
12888:
12886:
12867:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12856:
12836:
12830:
12829:
12827:
12825:
12810:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12799:
12784:
12778:
12762:
12756:
12755:
12753:
12751:
12732:
12726:
12725:
12709:
12699:
12693:
12692:
12686:
12684:
12678:
12671:
12662:
12656:
12655:
12631:
12625:
12624:
12618:
12616:
12588:
12582:
12581:
12579:
12577:
12571:
12565:. Archived from
12540:
12531:
12525:
12524:
12506:
12500:
12494:
12488:
12487:
12485:
12483:
12464:
12458:
12457:
12455:
12453:
12430:
12420:
12414:
12413:
12395:
12389:
12388:
12370:
12364:
12363:
12343:
12337:
12331:
12325:
12324:
12322:
12320:
12304:
12298:
12297:
12277:
12271:
12270:
12250:
12241:
12240:
12238:
12236:
12208:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12197:
12169:
12163:
12162:
12160:
12158:
12130:
12124:
12123:
12121:
12119:
12100:
12094:
12093:
12083:
12077:
12076:
12040:
12034:
12033:
12013:
12007:
12006:
11978:
11972:
11971:
11960:. Hoover Press.
11951:
11945:
11944:
11933:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11922:
11903:
11897:
11891:
11885:
11884:
11882:
11880:
11874:
11867:
11858:
11852:
11846:
11840:
11839:
11819:
11813:
11792:
11786:
11785:
11780:. Archived from
11749:
11743:
11742:
11722:
11716:
11710:
11704:
11703:
11683:
11677:
11676:
11656:
11650:
11644:
11638:
11632:
11626:
11620:
11614:
11608:
11599:
11593:
11584:
11578:
11572:
11571:
11569:
11567:
11549:
11543:
11542:
11540:
11538:
11522:
11516:
11510:
11504:
11498:
11492:
11485:History of Islam
11481:
11475:
11469:
11463:
11462:
11442:
11436:
11435:
11415:
11409:
11408:
11406:
11404:
11399:on 27 April 2014
11383:Friedrich Engels
11379:
11373:
11372:
11370:
11368:
11359:. Archived from
11349:
11343:
11342:
11340:
11338:
11329:. Archived from
11318:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11304:
11281:
11275:
11274:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11238:
11236:
11217:
11211:
11210:
11190:
11184:
11178:
11172:
11166:
11160:
11154:
11148:
11145:
11139:
11136:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11125:
11069:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11058:
11036:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11010:
11004:
10998:
10992:
10991:
10983:
10977:
10976:
10974:
10972:
10949:
10943:
10942:, p. 22–23.
10937:
10931:
10930:
10928:
10926:
10911:Sir H. M. Elliot
10903:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10892:
10883:. Archived from
10868:
10862:
10861:
10859:
10857:
10842:Sir H. M. Elliot
10834:
10828:
10827:
10806:
10800:
10799:
10783:Images of Mithra
10778:
10772:
10771:
10750:
10744:
10743:
10720:
10714:
10713:
10690:
10684:
10683:
10663:
10657:
10656:
10634:
10625:
10624:
10616:
10610:
10609:
10588:
10582:
10581:
10561:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10550:
10538:Abdul Hai Habibi
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10490:
10484:
10483:
10481:
10479:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10451:
10449:
10440:. 8 March 2010.
10430:
10424:
10418:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10407:
10401:
10390:
10382:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10371:
10352:
10343:
10342:
10331:
10322:
10321:
10310:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10296:
10281:
10275:
10257:
10251:
10250:
10240:
10234:
10231:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10220:
10192:
10186:
10185:
10183:
10181:
10160:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10149:
10132:
10123:
10117:
10111:
10110:
10088:
10080:
10074:
10073:
10071:
10069:
10041:
10035:
10034:
10018:
10012:
10011:
9988:
9982:
9916:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9905:
9886:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9866:. Archived from
9856:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9845:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9800:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9783:
9762:
9753:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9723:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9691:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9665:
9659:
9658:
9652:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9598:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9587:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9534:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9517:
9510:
9501:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9485:on 17 March 2015
9484:
9478:. Archived from
9477:
9469:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9439:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9398:
9392:
9375:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9309:
9292:
9291:
9289:
9287:
9268:
9262:
9259:
9253:
9252:
9238:Expert Briefings
9234:Oxford Analytica
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9219:
9208:Voice of America
9199:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9188:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9146:
9137:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9070:
9068:
9066:
9043:
9037:
9034:
9029:
9027:
9018:. Archived from
9004:
8999:
8997:
8985:Atlantic Council
8975:
8970:
8968:
8947:
8941:
8939:
8916:
8874:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8810:
8804:
8784:Dictionary.com.
8782:
8776:
8760:Dictionary.com.
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8732:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8689:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8673:
8652:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8623:
8614:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8564:
8558:
8557:
8555:
8553:
8544:. Archived from
8542:"Document 77746"
8538:
8516:
8513:Gilgit-Baltistan
8497:
8491:
8487:
8478:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8457:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8411:
8410:
8407:
8404:
8401:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8386:
8383:
8380:
8371:
8365:
8354:
8348:
8341:
8335:
8332:ongoing conflict
8328:
8306:
8301:
8300:
8292:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8241:in Kabul, while
8196:ACC Twenty20 Cup
8027:
7885:Naseeruddin Shah
7853:Afghans in India
7830:Voice of America
7509:", a variant of
7470:Art and ceramics
7104:infant mortality
7026:Khost University
7014:Balkh University
7010:Herat University
6982:Kabul University
6740:of Afghanistan;
6623:Baghlan Province
6497:
6487:
6460:
6450:
6417:
6412:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6378:
6377:
6313:Gini coefficient
6226:Turkmen Railways
6183:Turkish Airlines
6015:was buried. The
5810:
5775:
5704:mineral deposits
5691:
5617:Helmand Province
4815:, met with both
4795:
4788:
4777:Defense Minister
4774:
4767:
4747:
4740:
4726:
4719:
4599:perennial plants
4534:Afghan snowfinch
4446:Marco Polo sheep
4305:public ownership
4287:, Pakistan, and
4227:The mountainous
4218:Jowzjan Province
4059:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4031:
4022:
4013:
4004:
3993:
3982:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3647:António Guterres
3547:Jens Stoltenberg
3439:was formed. The
3364:
3346:Pervez Musharraf
3328:to the Taliban,
3321:
3204:civil war ensued
3177:
2990:Shah Mahmud Khan
2790:
2586:Afghan tribesmen
2568:Emirate of Kabul
2560:Afghan-Sikh Wars
2556:Hari Singh Nalwa
2552:Sikh Khalsa Army
2540:Battle of Jamrud
2536:Wazir Akbar Khan
2481:Emirate of Kabul
2469:Emirate of Herat
2447:, leader of the
2429:Emirate of Herat
2259:
2256:
2202:Turbat-e Haidari
1855:Mahmud of Ghazni
1788:arrival of Islam
1764:originated from
1480:Badghis Province
1478:in the northern
1474:Tents of Afghan
1421:Abdālī / Durrānī
1070:mountain range.
951:Afghanistan Time
948:
926:
925:
905:
904:
898:
897:
891:
857:
823:
794:41,128,771 (
793:
792:
720:
718:Islamic Republic
682:27–28 April 1978
548:
460:
368:
359:
350:
341:
332:
323:
272:
271:
269:
268:
267:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
235:and largest city
212:
209:
202:
199:
180:
173:
172:
144:
138:
137:
118:
104:
88:
87:
80:
72:
71:
65:
64:
57:
49:
48:
35:
34:
27778:
27777:
27773:
27772:
27771:
27769:
27768:
27767:
27698:Iranian Plateau
27663:
27662:
27661:
27656:
27655:
27650:
27622:
27511:CIA black sites
27464:
27412:
27341:
27296:
27274:
27255:Lashkar-e-Taiba
27193:
27154:Anwar al-Awlaki
27149:Hamza bin Laden
27144:Osama bin Laden
27125:
27042:
27004:
26999:
26969:
26964:
26935:SAARC satellite
26913:
26867:
26846:
26790:
26739:
26630:
26618:
26612:
26582:
26577:
26572:
26570:Northern Cyprus
26563:
26561:
26550:
26539:
26537:
26525:
26523:
26511:
26509:
26497:
26495:
26483:
26481:
26469:
26467:
26455:
26453:
26441:
26439:
26427:
26425:
26413:
26411:
26399:
26319:
26298:
26289:Treaty of Izmir
26258:
26252:
26222:
26217:
26179:
26153:
26130:
26085:
26018:
25989:Middle kingdoms
25953:
25944:Stock exchanges
25899:
25876:
25832:Cultural sphere
25798:
25710:
25701:
25580:
25575:
25545:
25540:
25517:
25479:
25475:Stock exchanges
25437:
25362:
25239:
25230:
25192:
25187:
25157:
25152:
25125:
25110:
25094:
25091:
25079:
25052:
25036:
25013:
25010:
25002:
24983:Northern Cyprus
24971:
24968:
24960:
24951:
24693:
24684:
24649:
24641:
24636:
24623:
24616:
24609:
24602:
24589:
24518:
24447:
24351:
24245:
24184:
24146:
24130:War (2001–2021)
24020:Mongol invasion
23966:
23957:
23924:Wayback Machine
23907:
23878:
23873:
23872:
23866:
23845:
23824:
23803:
23780:
23756:
23735:
23714:
23693:
23671:
23650:
23629:
23610:
23588:
23567:
23546:
23526:
23520:
23514:
23512:Further reading
23509:
23503:
23486:
23481:
23480:
23473:
23454:
23450:
23440:
23438:
23421:
23417:
23404:
23403:
23399:
23389:
23387:
23378:
23377:
23373:
23363:
23361:
23352:
23351:
23347:
23337:
23335:
23322:
23321:
23317:
23307:
23305:
23294:
23287:
23277:
23275:
23262:
23261:
23257:
23247:
23245:
23236:
23235:
23231:
23221:
23219:
23209:
23205:
23195:
23193:
23184:
23183:
23179:
23169:
23167:
23162:
23161:
23157:
23147:
23145:
23135:
23131:
23121:
23119:
23118:. 30 April 2024
23110:
23109:
23105:
23092:
23091:
23087:
23072:
23068:
23061:
23043:
23039:
23032:
23013:
23009:
22992:
22988:
22981:
22965:
22961:
22946:
22942:
22929:
22928:
22924:
22914:
22912:
22911:on 4 March 2016
22899:
22898:
22894:
22883:
22879:
22864:
22860:
22847:
22846:
22842:
22833:
22832:
22828:
22815:
22814:
22810:
22800:
22798:
22789:
22788:
22784:
22777:
22761:
22757:
22749:
22745:
22735:
22733:
22720:
22719:
22712:
22702:
22700:
22699:on 8 March 2021
22687:
22686:
22682:
22673:
22672:
22668:
22658:
22656:
22647:
22646:
22642:
22629:
22628:
22624:
22611:
22610:
22601:
22591:
22589:
22580:
22579:
22575:
22565:
22563:
22554:
22553:
22549:
22542:
22526:
22522:
22509:
22508:
22504:
22494:
22492:
22484:
22483:
22479:
22469:
22467:
22466:. 24 April 2008
22458:
22457:
22453:
22443:
22441:
22436:
22435:
22431:
22420:
22416:
22395:
22391:
22378:
22377:
22373:
22364:
22363:
22359:
22346:
22345:
22341:
22331:
22329:
22320:
22319:
22315:
22302:
22301:
22297:
22284:
22283:
22279:
22272:
22258:
22254:
22219:
22215:
22199:
22195:
22185:
22183:
22182:on 7 March 2021
22170:
22169:
22165:
22156:
22155:
22151:
22141:
22139:
22130:
22129:
22125:
22116:
22115:
22111:
22104:
22088:
22084:
22076:
22072:
22059:
22057:
22048:
22047:
22043:
22033:
22031:
22027:
22021:Medica Mondiale
22016:
22010:
22006:
21998:
21994:
21986:
21982:
21977:Wayback Machine
21962:
21958:
21950:
21946:
21938:
21934:
21924:
21922:
21886:
21884:
21880:
21870:
21868:
21867:on 8 March 2021
21855:
21854:
21843:
21833:
21831:
21820:
21816:
21806:
21804:
21791:
21790:
21786:
21776:
21774:
21757:
21753:
21743:
21741:
21730:
21726:
21716:
21714:
21701:
21700:
21696:
21683:
21681:
21666:
21662:
21652:
21650:
21646:
21639:
21635:
21634:
21630:
21620:
21618:
21603:
21599:
21586:
21585:
21578:
21568:
21566:
21562:
21551:
21547:
21546:
21542:
21532:
21530:
21521:
21520:
21516:
21506:
21504:
21494:
21490:
21480:
21478:
21473:
21472:
21468:
21458:
21456:
21448:
21447:
21443:
21433:
21431:
21426:
21425:
21421:
21411:
21409:
21398:
21394:
21384:
21382:
21369:
21368:
21364:
21354:
21352:
21327:
21323:
21313:
21311:
21306:
21305:
21301:
21291:
21289:
21278:
21274:
21264:
21262:
21245:
21241:
21231:
21229:
21217:
21213:
21203:
21201:
21192:
21191:
21187:
21177:
21175:
21160:
21156:
21146:
21144:
21137:
21133:
21120:
21119:
21115:
21105:
21103:
21088:
21084:
21074:
21072:
21061:
21057:
21047:
21045:
21028:
21027:
21023:
21010:
21009:
21002:
20991:
20987:
20982:Wayback Machine
20969:
20965:
20958:
20942:
20935:
20920:
20916:
20899:
20895:
20881:
20879:
20870:
20869:
20865:
20855:
20853:
20840:
20839:
20835:
20820:
20819:
20815:
20806:
20805:
20801:
20791:
20789:
20781:
20777:
20776:
20772:
20763:
20762:
20755:
20744:
20740:
20727:
20726:
20722:
20709:
20708:
20704:
20691:
20690:
20686:
20676:
20674:
20665:
20664:
20660:
20605:
20601:
20593:
20580:
20574:
20570:
20560:
20558:
20545:
20544:
20540:
20524:
20523:
20516:
20514:
20509:
20508:
20501:
20496:Wayback Machine
20485:
20481:
20471:
20469:
20468:. 26 April 2020
20460:
20459:
20455:
20442:
20441:
20437:
20429:
20422:
20416:
20412:
20405:
20389:
20385:
20366:
20362:
20352:
20350:
20337:
20336:
20332:
20322:
20320:
20311:
20310:
20306:
20296:
20294:
20285:
20284:
20280:
20267:
20265:
20256:
20255:
20251:
20241:
20239:
20224:
20220:
20210:
20208:
20195:
20194:
20190:
20173:
20171:
20162:
20161:
20157:
20147:
20145:
20132:
20131:
20127:
20117:
20115:
20100:
20099:
20095:
20080:
20076:
20069:
20053:
20049:
20036:
20035:
20031:
20020:
20016:
20006:
20004:
19993:
19989:
19979:
19977:
19964:
19963:
19959:
19949:
19947:
19942:
19941:
19937:
19927:
19925:
19920:
19919:
19915:
19905:
19903:
19898:
19897:
19893:
19883:
19881:
19880:. 30 April 2024
19872:
19871:
19867:
19852:
19848:
19840:
19836:
19823:
19822:
19818:
19795:
19791:
19781:
19779:
19778:on 8 March 2021
19766:
19765:
19761:
19751:
19749:
19736:
19735:
19731:
19726:. 14 July 2018.
19718:
19717:
19713:
19698:
19694:
19681:
19680:
19676:
19666:
19664:
19653:
19649:
19639:
19637:
19624:
19623:
19619:
19606:
19605:
19598:
19589:
19588:
19584:
19571:
19570:
19566:
19553:
19552:
19548:
19538:
19536:
19531:
19530:
19526:
19516:
19514:
19509:
19508:
19504:
19475:
19471:
19461:
19459:
19454:
19453:
19446:
19436:
19434:
19421:
19414:
19404:
19402:
19384:
19380:
19370:Wayback Machine
19359:
19355:
19338:
19337:
19333:
19328:Wayback Machine
19322:. 14 June 2010
19313:
19309:
19299:
19297:
19296:on 27 July 2013
19293:
19286:
19278:
19274:
19264:
19262:
19253:
19252:
19248:
19238:
19236:
19227:
19226:
19222:
19212:
19210:
19209:on 27 July 2013
19206:
19199:
19191:
19187:
19183:, 16 June 2010.
19177:Wayback Machine
19166:
19162:
19152:
19150:
19141:
19140:
19133:
19123:
19121:
19120:on 26 July 2013
19117:
19106:
19102:
19101:
19094:
19084:
19082:
19081:on 27 July 2013
19078:
19067:
19059:
19052:
19042:
19040:
19035:
19034:
19030:
19020:
19018:
19013:
19012:
19008:
18998:
18996:
18987:
18986:
18982:
18972:
18970:
18959:
18955:
18942:
18940:
18930:
18926:
18913:
18912:
18908:
18895:
18894:
18890:
18877:
18876:
18872:
18862:
18860:
18850:
18846:
18832:
18828:
18819:
18818:
18814:
18804:
18802:
18793:
18792:
18788:
18778:
18776:
18767:
18766:
18762:
18752:
18750:
18745:
18744:
18740:
18727:
18726:
18722:
18711:The Interpreter
18703:
18699:
18682:
18681:
18677:
18667:
18665:
18657:
18656:
18652:
18633:
18629:
18619:
18617:
18608:
18607:
18603:
18593:
18591:
18587:
18576:
18570:
18566:
18560:Wayback Machine
18543:
18539:
18529:
18527:
18516:
18512:
18502:
18500:
18491:
18490:
18486:
18476:
18474:
18465:
18464:
18460:
18450:
18448:
18447:on 2 April 2013
18433:
18429:
18419:
18417:
18408:
18407:
18403:
18393:
18391:
18378:
18377:
18373:
18363:
18361:
18352:
18351:
18347:
18337:
18335:
18320:
18316:
18306:
18304:
18289:
18288:
18284:
18274:
18272:
18257:
18253:
18243:
18241:
18226:
18222:
18212:
18210:
18200:
18196:
18186:
18184:
18173:
18169:
18159:
18157:
18140:
18136:
18126:
18124:
18109:
18105:
18095:
18093:
18082:
18078:
18068:
18066:
18051:
18047:
18037:
18035:
18020:
18016:
18007:
18005:
17990:
17989:
17985:
17975:
17973:
17956:
17952:
17942:
17940:
17917:
17913:
17903:
17901:
17876:
17872:
17862:
17860:
17855:. 17 May 2016.
17852:The Independent
17845:
17844:
17840:
17830:
17828:
17813:
17809:
17799:
17797:
17784:
17783:
17779:
17769:
17767:
17756:
17752:
17742:
17740:
17725:
17721:
17711:
17709:
17700:
17699:
17695:
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17430:. Ariana News.
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16751:on 11 July 2021
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16687:. Založba ZRC.
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16600:Scientific Data
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15762:on 2 April 2015
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14573:. 18 May 2022.
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13701:Wayback Machine
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13678:
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13675:on 28 June 2013
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13632:Wayback Machine
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13382:Chicago Tribune
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12097:
12086:"Afghanistan".
12085:
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11376:
11366:
11364:
11363:on 4 April 2014
11351:
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11336:
11334:
11333:on 26 July 2013
11319:
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11299:on 26 July 2013
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11020:on 23 July 2013
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10946:
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10924:
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10921:on 26 July 2013
10905:
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10888:
10887:on 26 July 2013
10869:
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10855:
10853:
10852:on 8 April 2014
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10507:
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10415:
10405:
10403:
10402:on 8 April 2014
10399:
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10209:
10193:
10189:
10179:
10177:
10176:on 26 July 2013
10162:
10161:
10157:
10147:
10145:
10144:on 17 July 2004
10134:
10133:
10126:
10118:
10114:
10095:Rowson, Everett
10081:
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10067:
10065:
10058:
10042:
10038:
10019:
10015:
10008:
9989:
9985:
9917:
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9888:
9887:
9883:
9873:
9871:
9870:on 8 April 2023
9858:
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9417:timeanddate.com
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8802:Wayback Machine
8783:
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8773:Wayback Machine
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8325:
8320:
8302:
8295:
8288:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8099:
8093:
8087:
8079:Bamyan Province
8020:winter solstice
7978:
7931:
7925:
7806:
7800:
7684:
7678:
7670:Parween Pazhwak
7596:
7590:
7478:
7472:
7452:deep into India
7392:
7386:
7313:Afghan clothing
7247:parallel cousin
7208:Iranian Plateau
7192:Pashtun culture
7168:
7162:
7139:Jinnah Hospital
7096:life expectancy
7082:in Afghanistan.
7068:
7062:
6971:formal learning
6940:
6934:
6920:Zablon Simintov
6856:
6850:
6830:Afghan refugees
6704:ethnolinguistic
6689:
6683:
6675:Main articles:
6673:
6668:
6641:Ghazni Province
6605:Takhar Province
6587:Kunduz Province
6498:
6492:
6488:
6461:
6455:
6451:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6383:
6333:
6321:
6292:
6275:
6273:Afghan diaspora
6263:Main articles:
6261:
6203:Bagram Air Base
6099:
6089:
6083:
6055:Afghan Wireless
6047:
6041:
5995:is kept in the
5896:
5890:
5882:Sardeh Band Dam
5827:
5819:Main articles:
5817:
5808:
5773:
5689:
5680:, precious and
5631:
5625:
5567:
5397:
5391:
5332:
5330:Afghan refugees
5310:
5286:
5280:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5195:
4974:
4966:Main articles:
4964:
4957:
4956:
4948:was abolished.
4829:Chief Executive
4805:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4773:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4746:
4741:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4720:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4641:
4635:
4607:protected areas
4597:, short grass,
4595:broadleaf trees
4549:Stigmella kasyi
4450:Wakhan Corridor
4434:Siberian tigers
4414:
4408:
4371:Wakhan Corridor
4344:
4294:In Afghanistan
4277:Pamir Mountains
4257:Arghandab River
4204:provinces (see
4192:Plains and the
4178:Pamir Mountains
4159:Pamir Mountains
4155:Wakhan Corridor
4130:of Tajikistan;
4122:of Uzbekistan;
4074:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4047:
4038:
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4020:
4011:
4002:
3991:
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3808:
3802:
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3764:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3576:Panjshir Valley
3543:
3537:
3521:US–Taliban deal
3405:Osama bin Laden
3397:
3379:
3371:Panjshir Valley
3349:
3306:
3277:) from Islamic
3242:
3224:
3162:
3143:Hafizullah Amin
3126:(ISI), and the
3086:Saur Revolution
3062:
3056:
3044:Main articles:
3042:
3026:development aid
2862:Weimar Republic
2796:First World War
2791:
2785:
2774:Habibullah Khan
2668:of 1857, while
2609:Parwan campaign
2502:, ruler of the
2492:Sadozai Dynasty
2477:Maimana Khanate
2405:
2383:Maimana Khanate
2371:
2257:
2134:Afsharid empire
2114:
2106:Main articles:
2104:
2067:after the 1729
2013:
2007:
1754:
1742:Main articles:
1740:
1738:Medieval period
1692:Parthian Empire
1653:Greco-Bactrians
1633:Seleucid Empire
1605:belt depicting
1521:Helmand culture
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1253:capturing Kabul
1221:socialist state
1134:Greco-Bactrians
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26732:Islamabad 2016
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26727:Kathmandu 2014
26724:
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26709:
26707:New Delhi 2007
26704:
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26697:Islamabad 2004
26694:
26692:Kathmandu 2002
26689:
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26677:New Delhi 1995
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25895:Climate change
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24476:
24474:Communications
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24394:Prime Minister
24391:
24389:Supreme Leader
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24340:Persian (Dari)
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24238:
24233:
24231:Extreme points
24228:
24223:
24218:
24216:Climate change
24213:
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23876:External links
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23516:Main article:
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23415:
23397:
23382:. Team Melli.
23371:
23345:
23315:
23285:
23255:
23229:
23203:
23192:. 30 June 2018
23177:
23155:
23129:
23116:Jagranjosh.com
23103:
23085:
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23037:
23030:
23016:Foltz, Richard
23007:
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22940:
22922:
22892:
22877:
22858:
22840:
22826:
22808:
22782:
22775:
22755:
22753:, p. 405.
22743:
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22677:. 7 July 2012.
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22502:
22486:"Gandhara art"
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22389:
22371:
22357:
22354:. 12 May 2019.
22339:
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22213:
22211:. 2007. p. 64.
22193:
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22082:
22070:
22041:
22004:
22002:, p. 104.
21992:
21980:
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21096:Hinduism Today
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20914:
20902:Encyc. Iranica
20893:
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20684:
20673:on 11 May 2014
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19957:
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19891:
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19854:Kumar, Ruchi.
19846:
19844:, p. 115.
19834:
19831:. 8 June 2015.
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18328:Bloomberg News
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18265:Anadolu Ajansı
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17815:Bezhan, Frud.
17807:
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17674:
17648:
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17599:Bloomberg News
17585:
17555:
17553:, p. 642.
17543:
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17391:Kumar, Ruchi.
17383:
17372:. 25 June 2024
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14525:
14523:
14522:
14520:on 5 May 2015.
14504:
14502:on 5 May 2015.
14487:
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14226:Forces Network
14212:
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13991:
13974:Return to Hope
13961:
13944:Monthly Review
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13522:Marcela Grad.
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12408:
12390:
12383:
12365:
12358:
12338:
12326:
12299:
12292:
12272:
12265:
12242:
12223:
12203:
12184:
12164:
12145:
12125:
12095:
12078:
12051:(2): 235–257.
12035:
12028:
12008:
11989:(3): 387–410.
11973:
11966:
11946:
11928:
11898:
11886:
11853:
11841:
11834:
11814:
11787:
11764:(2): 160–171.
11744:
11737:
11717:
11715:, p. 205.
11705:
11698:
11678:
11671:
11651:
11649:, p. 176.
11639:
11637:, p. 172.
11627:
11625:, p. 166.
11615:
11613:, p. 162.
11600:
11598:, p. 158.
11585:
11583:, p. 155.
11573:
11544:
11517:
11515:, p. 149.
11505:
11493:
11476:
11474:, p. 248.
11464:
11457:
11437:
11430:
11410:
11374:
11344:
11310:
11276:
11265:
11245:
11212:
11205:
11185:
11173:
11171:, pp. 75.
11161:
11149:
11140:
11131:
11064:
11031:
11005:
10993:
10978:
10944:
10932:
10898:
10863:
10829:
10819:
10801:
10791:
10773:
10763:
10745:
10735:
10715:
10705:
10685:
10678:
10658:
10647:
10626:
10611:
10601:
10583:
10576:
10556:
10524:
10505:
10485:
10455:
10425:
10413:
10377:
10344:
10323:
10302:
10276:
10252:
10235:
10226:
10208:978-0521576529
10207:
10187:
10155:
10124:
10122:, p. 317.
10112:
10091:Krämer, Gudrun
10075:
10056:
10036:
10013:
10006:
9983:
9981:
9980:
9961:
9943:
9924:
9921:
9911:
9881:
9851:
9825:
9795:
9748:
9718:
9686:
9660:
9633:The Australian
9620:
9613:
9593:
9562:
9529:
9496:
9464:
9434:
9404:
9382:
9360:
9330:
9293:
9263:
9254:
9225:
9194:
9161:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9102:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9005:
8976:
8948:
8888:(3): 383–401.
8869:
8850:
8831:
8805:
8777:
8753:
8724:
8698:
8679:
8644:
8615:
8600:
8559:
8548:on 3 June 2019
8532:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8518:
8517:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8479:
8469:
8462:
8366:
8349:
8336:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8293:
8277:
8274:
8251:FIFA World Cup
8194:. It won the
8089:Main article:
8086:
8083:
8075:Mazar-i-Sharif
8002:In Afghanistan
7998:vernal equinox
7977:
7974:
7929:Afghan cuisine
7927:Main article:
7924:
7921:
7810:radio stations
7802:Main article:
7799:
7796:
7770:Ubaidullah Jan
7743:Ustad Sarahang
7680:Main article:
7677:
7674:
7589:
7586:
7474:Main article:
7471:
7468:
7420:Minaret of Jam
7388:Main article:
7385:
7382:
7322:perahan tunban
7317:shalwar kameez
7243:Child marriage
7220:Pashtunization
7164:Main article:
7161:
7158:
7094:. The average
7064:Main article:
7061:
7058:
7020:in the north,
7008:in the south,
6936:Main article:
6933:
6930:
6909:Deutsche Welle
6867:Mazar-i-Sharif
6852:Main article:
6849:
6846:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6659:Khost Province
6656:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6551:Balkh Province
6548:
6546:Mazar-i-Sharif
6543:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6533:Herat Province
6530:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6500:Mazar-i-Sharif
6481:
6478:
6476:Kabul Province
6473:
6468:
6465:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6414:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6381:
6376:
6364:Mazar-i-Sharif
6358:in the south,
6332:
6329:
6320:
6319:Fertility rate
6317:
6291:
6288:
6283:Pashtun tribes
6260:
6257:
6249:auto rickshaws
6210:Mazar-i-Sharif
6129:Kabul–Kandahar
6085:Main article:
6082:
6081:Transportation
6079:
6051:Afghan Telecom
6043:Main article:
6040:
6037:
5981:Minaret of Jam
5946:Minaret of Jam
5892:Main article:
5889:
5886:
5816:
5813:
5627:Main article:
5624:
5621:
5596:Herat Province
5566:
5563:
5497:Mazar-e-Sharif
5451:New Kabul Bank
5421:GDP per capita
5393:Main article:
5390:
5387:
5366:paired with a
5309:
5306:
5296:following the
5282:Main article:
5279:
5276:
5274:in July 2022.
5252:United Kingdom
5202:Main article:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5022:
4963:
4960:
4942:acting Cabinet
4915:executive body
4911:Prime minister
4884:Prime Minister
4790:
4783:
4782:
4769:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4742:
4735:
4734:
4729:Prime Minister
4721:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4699:Main article:
4696:
4693:
4637:Main article:
4634:
4631:
4611:national parks
4571:Iris afghanica
4539:Paradactylodon
4410:Main article:
4407:
4404:
4353:of Afghanistan
4343:
4340:
4312:mountain range
4301:primary forest
4263:, such as the
4231:of Afghanistan
4124:Khatlon Region
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3992:
3981:
3970:
3956:
3942:
3932:Mazar-i-Sharif
3928:
3914:
3900:
3886:
3875:
3864:
3853:
3842:
3831:
3820:
3809:
3798:
3787:
3776:
3765:
3754:
3743:
3732:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3707:Main article:
3704:
3701:
3662:Suhail Shaheen
3625:supreme leader
3616:following the
3568:Amrullah Saleh
3536:
3533:
3423:US troops and
3378:
3375:
3303:scorched earth
3223:
3220:
3041:
3038:
3030:bloodless coup
2986:prime minister
2903:forces led by
2826:Amanullah Khan
2808:Amanullah Khan
2783:
2576:The Great Game
2514:following the
2506:, who invaded
2449:Barakzai tribe
2370:
2367:
2322:Durrani Throne
2278:Durrani Empire
2168:; he captured
2130:Maratha empire
2108:Durrani Empire
2103:
2102:Durrani empire
2100:
2043:. He defeated
2009:Main article:
2006:
2003:
1971:Arghun dynasty
1940:Timurid Empire
1932:Khalji dynasty
1887:Minaret of Jam
1865:. Mahmud made
1830:and portrayed
1804:Greco-Buddhism
1796:Zoroastrianism
1739:
1736:
1712:Indo-Sassanids
1661:Indo-Scythians
1458:Main article:
1455:
1452:
1447:Main article:
1444:
1441:
1380:Hudud al-'Alam
1310:Main article:
1307:
1304:
1272:cannabis resin
1219:established a
1178:Russian Empire
1174:British Empire
1150:Zoroastrianism
1016:east and south
991:
990:
985:
979:
978:
973:
967:
966:
958:
955:
954:
946:Lunar Calendar
937:
933:
932:
916:
912:
911:
892:
882:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
810:
809:
806:
804:• Density
803:
800:
799:
787:
784:
781:
780:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
756:
753:
750:
749:
743:
742:
739:
738:
737:15 August 2021
735:
729:
726:
725:
722:
714:
711:
710:
707:
701:
698:
697:
694:
688:
685:
684:
679:
673:
670:
669:
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
645:
642:
641:
639:19 August 1919
636:
630:
627:
626:
621:
615:
612:
611:
606:
600:
597:
596:
591:
585:
582:
581:
576:
570:
567:
566:
563:
557:
554:
553:
550:
546:Durrani Empire
542:
539:
538:
529:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
485:
482:
481:
471:
468:Prime Minister
465:
462:
461:
454:
451:Supreme Leader
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
426:
420:
419:
414:
408:
407:
405:
404:
398:
386:
384:
381:
377:
376:
374:
373:
364:
355:
346:
337:
328:
319:
313:
306:
304:
301:
295:
294:
292:
291:
286:
280:
278:
274:
273:
266:34.517; 69.183
237:
234:
230:
229:
220:
216:
215:
204:
194:
193:
190:
189:
162:
161:
128:
127:
120:
113:
112:
106:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
66:
42:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27775:
27764:
27761:
27759:
27756:
27754:
27751:
27749:
27746:
27744:
27741:
27739:
27736:
27734:
27731:
27729:
27726:
27724:
27721:
27719:
27716:
27714:
27711:
27709:
27706:
27704:
27701:
27699:
27696:
27694:
27691:
27689:
27686:
27684:
27681:
27679:
27676:
27674:
27671:
27670:
27668:
27647:
27639:
27637:
27629:
27628:
27625:
27619:
27616:
27614:
27611:
27609:
27606:
27604:
27603:
27599:
27597:
27596:
27592:
27590:
27587:
27585:
27582:
27580:
27578:
27574:
27572:
27569:
27567:
27564:
27562:
27559:
27557:
27554:
27552:
27549:
27547:
27544:
27542:
27539:
27537:
27534:
27532:
27529:
27527:
27524:
27522:
27519:
27517:
27514:
27512:
27509:
27507:
27504:
27502:
27499:
27497:
27494:
27492:
27489:
27487:
27486:Bush Doctrine
27484:
27482:
27479:
27477:
27474:
27473:
27471:
27467:
27461:
27458:
27456:
27453:
27451:
27448:
27446:
27443:
27441:
27438:
27435:
27434:Torture Memos
27432:
27429:
27426:
27425:
27423:
27419:
27409:
27406:
27404:
27401:
27399:
27396:
27394:
27391:
27389:
27386:
27384:
27381:
27379:
27376:
27374:
27371:
27369:
27366:
27364:
27361:
27359:
27356:
27354:
27351:
27350:
27348:
27344:
27338:
27335:
27333:
27330:
27328:
27325:
27323:
27320:
27318:
27315:
27313:
27310:
27308:
27305:
27304:
27302:
27300:
27299:
27292:
27289:
27285:
27271:
27270:Islamic State
27268:
27266:
27263:
27261:
27258:
27256:
27253:
27251:
27248:
27246:
27243:
27241:
27238:
27236:
27233:
27231:
27228:
27226:
27223:
27221:
27218:
27216:
27213:
27211:
27208:
27206:
27203:
27202:
27200:
27196:
27190:
27187:
27185:
27182:
27180:
27177:
27175:
27172:
27170:
27167:
27165:
27162:
27160:
27157:
27155:
27152:
27150:
27147:
27145:
27142:
27141:
27139:
27135:
27132:
27128:
27122:
27119:
27117:
27114:
27112:
27109:
27107:
27106:United States
27104:
27102:
27099:
27097:
27094:
27092:
27089:
27086:
27082:
27079:
27077:
27074:
27072:
27069:
27067:
27064:
27062:
27059:
27058:
27056:
27052:
27049:
27045:
27039:
27036:
27033:
27030:(2003–2011) (
27029:
27026:
27023:
27019:
27016:
27014:
27011:
27010:
27007:
27003:
27002:War on terror
26996:
26991:
26989:
26984:
26982:
26977:
26976:
26973:
26961:
26958:
26956:
26953:
26951:
26948:
26946:
26943:
26941:
26938:
26936:
26933:
26931:
26928:
26926:
26923:
26922:
26920:
26916:
26910:
26907:
26905:
26902:
26900:
26897:
26895:
26892:
26890:
26887:
26885:
26882:
26880:
26877:
26876:
26874:
26870:
26864:
26861:
26859:
26856:
26855:
26853:
26849:
26843:
26842:United States
26840:
26838:
26835:
26833:
26830:
26828:
26825:
26823:
26820:
26818:
26815:
26813:
26810:
26808:
26805:
26803:
26800:
26799:
26797:
26793:
26787:
26784:
26782:
26779:
26777:
26774:
26772:
26769:
26767:
26764:
26762:
26759:
26757:
26754:
26752:
26749:
26748:
26746:
26742:
26736:
26733:
26730:
26728:
26725:
26723:
26720:
26718:
26715:
26713:
26710:
26708:
26705:
26703:
26700:
26698:
26695:
26693:
26690:
26688:
26685:
26683:
26680:
26678:
26675:
26673:
26670:
26668:
26665:
26663:
26660:
26658:
26655:
26653:
26650:
26648:
26645:
26643:
26640:
26639:
26637:
26633:
26629:
26625:
26621:
26616:
26609:
26604:
26602:
26597:
26595:
26590:
26589:
26586:
26571:
26560:
26559:
26557:
26553:
26547:
26535:
26533:
26521:
26519:
26507:
26505:
26493:
26491:
26479:
26477:
26465:
26463:
26451:
26449:
26437:
26435:
26423:
26421:
26409:
26408:
26406:
26402:
26396:
26393:
26391:
26388:
26386:
26385:Istanbul 2010
26383:
26381:
26378:
26376:
26373:
26371:
26370:Dushanbe 2004
26368:
26366:
26365:Istanbul 2002
26363:
26361:
26358:
26356:
26353:
26351:
26350:Ashgabat 1996
26348:
26346:
26343:
26341:
26340:Istanbul 1993
26338:
26336:
26333:
26332:
26330:
26326:
26316:
26313:
26311:
26308:
26307:
26305:
26301:
26295:
26292:
26290:
26287:
26285:
26282:
26280:
26277:
26275:
26272:
26271:
26268:
26265:
26261:
26256:
26249:
26244:
26242:
26237:
26235:
26230:
26229:
26226:
26214:
26211:
26209:
26206:
26204:
26201:
26199:
26196:
26194:
26191:
26190:
26188:
26186:
26182:
26176:
26173:
26171:
26168:
26166:
26163:
26162:
26160:
26156:
26150:
26147:
26145:
26142:
26141:
26139:
26137:
26133:
26125:
26122:
26121:
26120:
26117:
26115:
26112:
26110:
26107:
26105:
26102:
26100:
26097:
26096:
26094:
26092:
26088:
26080:
26077:
26075:
26072:
26070:
26067:
26066:
26065:
26062:
26060:
26057:
26053:
26050:
26048:
26045:
26043:
26040:
26038:
26035:
26034:
26033:
26030:
26029:
26027:
26025:
26021:
26015:
26012:
26010:
26007:
26005:
26002:
26000:
25997:
25995:
25992:
25990:
25987:
25985:
25982:
25980:
25977:
25973:
25970:
25969:
25968:
25965:
25964:
25962:
25960:
25956:
25950:
25947:
25945:
25942:
25938:
25935:
25933:
25930:
25928:
25925:
25924:
25923:
25920:
25918:
25915:
25914:
25912:
25910:
25906:
25902:
25896:
25893:
25891:
25888:
25887:
25885:
25883:
25879:
25873:
25870:
25868:
25865:
25863:
25860:
25858:
25855:
25853:
25850:
25848:
25845:
25843:
25840:
25838:
25835:
25833:
25830:
25828:
25825:
25823:
25820:
25818:
25815:
25813:
25812:Architecture
25810:
25809:
25807:
25805:
25801:
25795:
25792:
25788:
25785:
25783:
25780:
25778:
25775:
25773:
25770:
25769:
25768:Other groups
25767:
25765:
25762:
25760:
25759:Tibeto-Burman
25757:
25755:
25752:
25750:
25747:
25745:
25742:
25740:
25737:
25735:
25732:
25730:
25729:Austroasiatic
25727:
25725:
25722:
25721:
25719:
25717:
25716:Ethnic groups
25713:
25708:
25698:
25695:
25691:
25688:
25686:
25683:
25681:
25678:
25676:
25673:
25672:
25671:
25668:
25666:
25663:
25659:
25656:
25655:
25654:
25651:
25649:
25646:
25644:
25641:
25637:
25634:
25632:
25629:
25627:
25624:
25620:
25617:
25616:
25615:
25612:
25611:
25610:
25607:
25605:
25602:
25600:
25597:
25595:
25592:
25591:
25589:
25587:
25583:
25579:
25572:
25567:
25565:
25560:
25558:
25553:
25552:
25549:
25537:
25534:
25532:
25529:
25528:
25526:
25524:
25520:
25514:
25511:
25509:
25506:
25504:
25501:
25499:
25496:
25494:
25491:
25490:
25488:
25486:
25482:
25476:
25473:
25471:
25468:
25466:
25463:
25461:
25458:
25456:
25453:
25452:
25450:
25448:
25444:
25440:
25434:
25431:
25427:
25424:
25422:
25419:
25418:
25417:
25414:
25412:
25409:
25407:
25404:
25402:
25399:
25397:
25394:
25392:
25389:
25387:
25384:
25382:
25379:
25377:
25376:Architecture
25374:
25373:
25371:
25369:
25365:
25359:
25356:
25354:
25351:
25349:
25346:
25344:
25341:
25339:
25336:
25334:
25331:
25329:
25326:
25324:
25321:
25319:
25316:
25314:
25311:
25309:
25306:
25304:
25301:
25299:
25298:Volga Germans
25296:
25294:
25291:
25289:
25286:
25284:
25281:
25279:
25276:
25274:
25271:
25269:
25266:
25264:
25261:
25259:
25256:
25254:
25251:
25250:
25248:
25246:
25245:Ethnic groups
25242:
25237:
25227:
25224:
25222:
25219:
25217:
25214:
25212:
25209:
25207:
25204:
25203:
25201:
25199:
25195:
25191:
25184:
25179:
25177:
25172:
25170:
25165:
25164:
25161:
25149:
25148:
25143:
25139:
25137:
25136:
25127:
25126:
25121:
25118:
25117:
25113:
25107:
25104:
25102:
25099:
25098:
25096:
25093:
25086:
25075:
25071:
25068:
25065:
25062:
25061:
25059:
25055:
25049:
25046:
25045:
25043:
25039:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25024:
25022:
25018:
25015:
25012:
25005:
24999:
24996:
24994:
24993:South Ossetia
24991:
24989:
24986:
24984:
24981:
24979:
24976:
24975:
24973:
24970:
24963:
24958:
24948:
24945:
24943:
24940:
24938:
24935:
24933:
24930:
24928:
24925:
24923:
24920:
24918:
24915:
24913:
24910:
24908:
24905:
24903:
24900:
24898:
24895:
24893:
24890:
24888:
24885:
24883:
24880:
24878:
24875:
24873:
24870:
24868:
24865:
24863:
24860:
24858:
24855:
24853:
24850:
24848:
24845:
24843:
24840:
24838:
24835:
24833:
24830:
24828:
24825:
24823:
24820:
24818:
24815:
24813:
24810:
24808:
24805:
24803:
24800:
24798:
24795:
24793:
24790:
24788:
24785:
24783:
24780:
24778:
24775:
24773:
24770:
24768:
24765:
24763:
24760:
24758:
24755:
24753:
24750:
24748:
24745:
24743:
24740:
24738:
24735:
24733:
24730:
24728:
24725:
24723:
24720:
24718:
24715:
24713:
24710:
24708:
24705:
24704:
24702:
24700:
24696:
24692:
24688:
24681:
24676:
24674:
24669:
24667:
24662:
24661:
24658:
24652:
24645:
24633:
24630:
24628:
24625:
24624:
24619:
24615:
24612:
24608:
24605:
24601:
24600:
24596:
24586:
24583:
24581:
24578:
24576:
24573:
24571:
24568:
24566:
24563:
24561:
24558:
24556:
24553:
24551:
24548:
24546:
24543:
24541:
24538:
24537:
24534:
24531:
24529:
24525:
24515:
24512:
24510:
24507:
24505:
24502:
24500:
24497:
24495:
24492:
24490:
24487:
24485:
24482:
24480:
24477:
24475:
24472:
24470:
24467:
24466:
24463:
24460:
24458:
24454:
24442:
24441:Chief Justice
24439:
24438:
24437:
24436:Supreme Court
24434:
24430:
24427:
24425:
24422:
24421:
24420:
24417:
24415:
24412:
24410:
24407:
24405:
24402:
24400:
24399:Deputy Leader
24397:
24395:
24392:
24390:
24387:
24385:
24382:
24380:
24377:
24375:
24372:
24370:
24367:
24366:
24363:
24360:
24358:
24354:
24348:
24345:
24341:
24338:
24337:
24336:
24333:
24331:
24328:
24324:
24321:
24319:
24316:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24294:
24291:
24289:
24286:
24284:
24281:
24279:
24276:
24274:
24271:
24269:
24266:
24265:
24264:
24261:
24260:
24258:
24256:
24252:
24242:
24239:
24237:
24234:
24232:
24229:
24227:
24224:
24222:
24219:
24217:
24214:
24212:
24209:
24207:
24204:
24203:
24200:
24197:
24195:
24191:
24181:
24178:
24175:
24171:
24169:
24166:
24164:
24161:
24159:
24156:
24155:
24153:
24149:
24141:
24138:
24136:
24133:
24131:
24128:
24126:
24125:2001 invasion
24123:
24121:
24118:
24116:
24115:Islamic State
24113:
24112:
24111:
24108:
24106:
24103:
24101:
24098:
24096:
24093:
24091:
24088:
24086:
24083:
24081:
24078:
24076:
24073:
24071:
24068:
24066:
24063:
24061:
24058:
24056:
24053:
24051:
24048:
24046:
24043:
24041:
24038:
24036:
24033:
24031:
24028:
24026:
24025:Hotak dynasty
24023:
24021:
24018:
24016:
24013:
24011:
24008:
24006:
24003:
24001:
23998:
23996:
23993:
23991:
23990:Maurya Empire
23988:
23986:
23983:
23981:
23978:
23977:
23975:
23973:
23969:
23965:
23961:
23954:
23949:
23947:
23942:
23940:
23935:
23934:
23931:
23925:
23921:
23918:
23915:
23913:
23905:
23903:
23899:
23896:
23893:
23889:
23888:
23883:
23880:
23879:
23867:
23861:
23857:
23856:
23850:
23846:
23840:
23836:
23835:
23829:
23825:
23819:
23815:
23814:
23808:
23804:
23798:
23793:
23792:
23785:
23781:
23775:
23771:
23770:
23765:
23761:
23757:
23751:
23747:
23746:
23740:
23736:
23730:
23726:
23725:
23719:
23715:
23709:
23705:
23704:
23698:
23694:
23688:
23684:
23680:
23676:
23672:
23666:
23662:
23661:
23655:
23651:
23645:
23641:
23640:
23634:
23630:
23624:
23620:
23615:
23611:
23605:
23601:
23597:
23596:Dupree, Louis
23593:
23589:
23583:
23579:
23578:
23572:
23568:
23562:
23558:
23557:
23551:
23547:
23541:
23537:
23536:
23530:
23529:
23525:
23519:
23504:
23502:9781932705546
23498:
23494:
23489:
23488:
23474:
23468:
23464:
23463:
23458:
23457:Stewart, Rory
23452:
23436:
23432:
23431:
23426:
23419:
23411:
23407:
23401:
23385:
23381:
23375:
23359:
23355:
23349:
23333:
23329:
23328:CricketEurope
23325:
23319:
23303:
23299:
23292:
23290:
23273:
23269:
23265:
23259:
23243:
23239:
23233:
23218:
23214:
23207:
23191:
23187:
23181:
23165:
23159:
23144:
23140:
23133:
23117:
23113:
23107:
23099:
23095:
23089:
23081:
23077:
23070:
23062:
23056:
23051:
23050:
23041:
23033:
23027:
23023:
23022:
23017:
23011:
23003:
23002:
22997:
22990:
22982:
22976:
22972:
22971:
22963:
22955:
22951:
22944:
22936:
22932:
22926:
22910:
22906:
22902:
22896:
22888:
22881:
22873:
22869:
22862:
22854:
22853:The Telegraph
22850:
22844:
22837:. Al Jazeera.
22836:
22830:
22822:
22818:
22812:
22796:
22792:
22786:
22778:
22772:
22768:
22767:
22759:
22752:
22747:
22731:
22727:
22723:
22717:
22715:
22698:
22694:
22693:Afghan Zariza
22690:
22684:
22676:
22670:
22654:
22650:
22644:
22636:
22632:
22626:
22618:
22614:
22608:
22606:
22604:
22587:
22583:
22577:
22561:
22557:
22551:
22543:
22541:9781610695688
22537:
22533:
22532:
22524:
22516:
22512:
22506:
22491:
22487:
22481:
22465:
22461:
22455:
22439:
22433:
22425:
22418:
22409:
22404:
22400:
22393:
22385:
22381:
22375:
22367:
22361:
22353:
22349:
22343:
22327:
22323:
22317:
22309:
22305:
22299:
22291:
22287:
22281:
22273:
22267:
22263:
22256:
22248:
22244:
22240:
22236:
22232:
22228:
22224:
22217:
22210:
22206:
22205:
22197:
22181:
22177:
22173:
22167:
22159:
22153:
22137:
22133:
22127:
22119:
22113:
22105:
22103:9781469617763
22099:
22095:
22094:
22086:
22079:
22074:
22067:
22055:
22051:
22045:
22030:on 6 May 2012
22026:
22022:
22015:
22008:
22001:
21996:
21989:
21988:Barfield 2012
21984:
21978:
21974:
21970:
21966:
21960:
21954:, p. 59.
21953:
21952:Barfield 2012
21948:
21941:
21936:
21921:
21917:
21913:
21909:
21905:
21904:
21899:
21893:
21892:public domain
21882:
21866:
21862:
21858:
21852:
21850:
21848:
21846:
21829:
21825:
21818:
21802:
21798:
21794:
21788:
21772:
21768:
21767:
21762:
21755:
21740:on 8 May 2004
21739:
21735:
21728:
21712:
21708:
21704:
21698:
21691:
21679:
21675:
21671:
21664:
21645:
21638:
21632:
21616:
21612:
21608:
21601:
21593:
21589:
21588:"Afghanistan"
21583:
21581:
21561:
21557:
21550:
21549:"Afghanistan"
21544:
21528:
21524:
21518:
21503:
21499:
21492:
21476:
21470:
21455:
21451:
21445:
21429:
21423:
21407:
21403:
21396:
21380:
21376:
21372:
21366:
21349:
21344:
21340:
21336:
21332:
21325:
21309:
21303:
21287:
21283:
21276:
21260:
21256:
21255:
21250:
21243:
21228:
21227:
21222:
21215:
21199:
21195:
21189:
21173:
21169:
21165:
21158:
21142:
21135:
21127:
21123:
21117:
21101:
21097:
21093:
21086:
21070:
21066:
21059:
21043:
21039:
21035:
21031:
21025:
21017:
21013:
21007:
21005:
20996:
20989:
20983:
20979:
20976:
20974:
20967:
20959:
20957:9781857336801
20953:
20949:
20948:
20940:
20938:
20929:
20925:
20918:
20911:
20910:
20903:
20897:
20890:
20877:
20873:
20867:
20851:
20847:
20843:
20837:
20829:
20828:
20827:The Economist
20823:
20817:
20809:
20803:
20787:
20780:
20774:
20767:. Al Jazeera.
20766:
20760:
20758:
20749:
20742:
20734:
20730:
20724:
20716:
20712:
20706:
20698:
20694:
20688:
20672:
20668:
20662:
20654:
20650:
20645:
20640:
20635:
20630:
20626:
20622:
20618:
20614:
20610:
20603:
20592:
20588:
20587:
20579:
20572:
20556:
20552:
20548:
20542:
20534:
20528:
20512:
20506:
20504:
20497:
20493:
20489:
20483:
20467:
20463:
20457:
20449:
20445:
20439:
20428:
20421:
20414:
20406:
20404:9781845934668
20400:
20396:
20395:
20387:
20380:(2): 292–309.
20379:
20375:
20371:
20364:
20348:
20344:
20340:
20334:
20318:
20314:
20308:
20292:
20288:
20282:
20275:
20263:
20259:
20253:
20237:
20233:
20229:
20222:
20206:
20202:
20198:
20192:
20185:
20183:
20169:
20165:
20159:
20143:
20139:
20135:
20129:
20113:
20109:
20108:
20103:
20097:
20089:
20085:
20078:
20070:
20064:
20060:
20059:
20051:
20043:
20039:
20033:
20025:
20018:
20002:
19998:
19991:
19975:
19971:
19967:
19961:
19945:
19939:
19923:
19917:
19901:
19895:
19879:
19875:
19869:
19861:
19857:
19850:
19843:
19838:
19830:
19826:
19820:
19812:
19808:
19807:
19801:
19793:
19777:
19773:
19769:
19763:
19747:
19743:
19739:
19733:
19725:
19721:
19715:
19707:
19703:
19696:
19688:
19684:
19678:
19662:
19658:
19651:
19635:
19631:
19627:
19621:
19613:
19609:
19603:
19601:
19593:. World Bank.
19592:
19586:
19578:
19574:
19568:
19560:
19556:
19550:
19534:
19528:
19512:
19506:
19497:
19492:
19488:
19484:
19480:
19473:
19457:
19451:
19449:
19432:
19431:
19426:
19419:
19417:
19400:
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19388:
19382:
19375:
19371:
19367:
19363:
19357:
19349:
19345:
19341:
19335:
19329:
19325:
19321:
19320:Daily Finance
19317:
19311:
19292:
19285:
19284:
19276:
19260:
19256:
19250:
19234:
19230:
19224:
19205:
19198:
19197:
19189:
19182:
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19170:
19164:
19148:
19144:
19138:
19136:
19116:
19112:
19105:
19099:
19097:
19077:
19073:
19066:
19065:
19057:
19055:
19038:
19032:
19016:
19010:
18994:
18990:
18984:
18968:
18964:
18957:
18950:
18939:
18935:
18928:
18920:
18916:
18910:
18902:
18898:
18892:
18884:
18880:
18874:
18859:
18855:
18848:
18840:
18837:
18830:
18823:. World Bank.
18822:
18816:
18800:
18796:
18795:"Agriculture"
18790:
18774:
18773:Bloomberg.com
18770:
18764:
18748:
18742:
18734:
18730:
18724:
18716:
18712:
18708:
18701:
18693:
18689:
18685:
18679:
18664:
18660:
18654:
18646:
18642:
18638:
18631:
18615:
18611:
18605:
18586:
18582:
18575:
18568:
18561:
18557:
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18552:
18547:
18541:
18525:
18521:
18514:
18498:
18494:
18488:
18472:
18468:
18462:
18446:
18442:
18438:
18431:
18415:
18411:
18405:
18389:
18385:
18381:
18375:
18359:
18355:
18349:
18333:
18329:
18325:
18318:
18302:
18298:
18297:
18292:
18286:
18270:
18266:
18262:
18255:
18239:
18235:
18231:
18224:
18209:
18205:
18198:
18182:
18178:
18171:
18155:
18151:
18150:
18145:
18138:
18122:
18118:
18114:
18107:
18091:
18087:
18080:
18064:
18060:
18056:
18049:
18033:
18029:
18025:
18018:
18003:
17999:
17995:
17994:
17987:
17971:
17967:
17966:
17961:
17954:
17938:
17934:
17930:
17926:
17922:
17915:
17899:
17895:
17891:
17887:
17886:
17881:
17874:
17858:
17854:
17853:
17848:
17842:
17826:
17822:
17818:
17811:
17795:
17791:
17787:
17781:
17765:
17761:
17754:
17738:
17734:
17730:
17723:
17707:
17703:
17697:
17689:
17685:
17678:
17662:
17658:
17652:
17636:
17632:
17628:
17621:
17605:
17601:
17600:
17595:
17589:
17573:
17569:
17565:
17559:
17552:
17547:
17528:
17521:
17514:
17498:
17494:
17488:
17472:
17468:
17464:
17460:
17456:
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13644:"Brigade 055"
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12973:
12969:
12965:
12964:"Afghanistan"
12959:
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12931:
12924:
12923:Barfield 2012
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12556:
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12497:Barfield 2012
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11996:
11992:
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11983:Asian Affairs
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11967:9780817982133
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11509:
11502:
11497:
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11488:, p. 509, at
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11387:"Afghanistan"
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11169:Barfield 2012
11165:
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11157:Barfield 2012
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11035:
11019:
11015:
11009:
11003:, p. 23.
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10997:
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10961:nuristan.info
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10506:0-391-04173-8
10502:
10498:
10497:
10489:
10473:
10469:
10465:
10459:
10443:
10439:
10435:
10429:
10423:, p. 44.
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10059:
10057:0-631-19841-5
10053:
10049:
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9997:Ancient India
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9313:"Afghanistan"
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8957:Fair Observer
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8794:Reference.com
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8766:Reference.com
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8239:Ghazi Stadium
8236:
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8217:
8213:
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8177:football team
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8017:
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8008:tournaments.
8007:
8003:
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7962:national dish
7959:
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7916:Kabul Express
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7894:
7893:Celina Jaitly
7890:
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7869:Saif Ali Khan
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7805:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7758:Mermon Parwin
7755:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7725:, as well as
7724:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7654:Rabi'a Balkhi
7651:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7605:
7604:Pashto poetry
7601:
7595:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7499:
7495:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7396:
7391:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7319:, especially
7318:
7314:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7267:
7263:
7258:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7231:Afghan tribes
7227:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7194:by following
7193:
7189:
7184:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7115:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7081:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7029:
7028:in the east.
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6944:
6939:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6758:lingua franca
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6693:
6688:
6682:
6678:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6416:2019 estimate
6405:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6379:
6375:
6374:in the east.
6373:
6369:
6365:
6362:in the west,
6361:
6357:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6328:
6326:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6148:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6121:Salang Tunnel
6117:
6115:
6108:
6107:Salang Tunnel
6103:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6046:
6039:Communication
6036:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6009:Shrine of Ali
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5951:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5809:$ 6.5 billion
5806:
5801:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5639:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5571:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5459:Pashtany Bank
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5434:
5433:external debt
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5372:Deputy Leader
5369:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5302:Fall of Kabul
5299:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5244:United States
5241:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5205:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:Chief justice
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:Mullah Yaqoob
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4819:, the former
4818:
4814:
4810:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4778:
4772:
4771:Mullah Yaqoob
4766:
4755:
4751:
4750:Deputy Leader
4745:
4739:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4708:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4689:head of state
4686:
4682:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4444:regions. The
4443:
4442:alpine tundra
4439:
4435:
4431:
4430:Snow leopards
4423:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4265:Helmand River
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4146:of Pakistan.
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3967:
3966:
3953:
3952:
3934:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3911:
3910:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3677:food shortage
3674:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:Ahmad Massoud
3578:, along with
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3155:Babrak Karmal
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:(and smaller
3109:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:national bank
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:Mazrak Zadran
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:in June 1926.
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:Sher Ali Khan
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2590:James Rattray
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:in the east.
2442:
2438:
2431:seen as well.
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:Durrani Realm
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:Durrani Realm
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:Mughal empire
2123:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:invaded India
2089:
2088:Hussain Hotak
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:Mirwais Hotak
2026:
2022:
2021:Hussain Hotak
2017:
2012:
2011:Hotak dynasty
2005:Hotak dynasty
2002:
2000:
1996:
1993:, and Indian
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:arrived from
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:and the poet
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:Mihr (Mithra)
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1766:Ghor Province
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Kushan Empire
1697:
1696:Indo-Parthian
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:Maurya Empire
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:mentions the
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Indo-Iranians
1541:
1540:Indo-European
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1423:Afghans, the
1422:
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26717:Thimphu 2010
26712:Colombo 2008
26687:Colombo 1998
26667:Colombo 1991
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26114:Martial arts
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11949:
11940:
11931:
11919:. Retrieved
11910:
11901:
11889:
11879:18 September
11877:. Retrieved
11856:
11844:
11824:
11817:
11790:
11782:the original
11761:
11757:
11747:
11727:
11720:
11708:
11688:
11681:
11661:
11654:
11642:
11630:
11618:
11576:
11564:. Retrieved
11560:the original
11554:
11547:
11535:. Retrieved
11530:
11520:
11508:
11496:
11490:Google Books
11483:
11479:
11467:
11447:
11440:
11420:
11413:
11401:. Retrieved
11397:the original
11392:Andy Blunden
11390:
11377:
11365:. Retrieved
11361:the original
11356:
11347:
11335:. Retrieved
11331:the original
11301:. Retrieved
11297:the original
11292:
11279:
11255:
11248:
11240:
11233:. Retrieved
11224:
11215:
11195:
11188:
11176:
11164:
11152:
11143:
11134:
11122:. Retrieved
11084:(1): 43–58.
11081:
11077:
11067:
11055:. Retrieved
11044:
11034:
11022:. Retrieved
11018:the original
11008:
10996:
10987:
10981:
10969:. Retrieved
10960:
10947:
10935:
10925:18 September
10923:. Retrieved
10919:the original
10910:
10901:
10889:. Retrieved
10885:the original
10876:
10866:
10856:18 September
10854:. Retrieved
10850:the original
10841:
10832:
10824:
10810:
10804:
10796:
10782:
10776:
10768:
10754:
10748:
10740:
10725:
10718:
10710:
10695:
10688:
10668:
10661:
10654:non-Buddhist
10652:
10638:
10620:
10614:
10606:
10592:
10586:
10566:
10559:
10547:. Retrieved
10543:the original
10536:
10527:
10515:. Retrieved
10495:
10488:
10476:. Retrieved
10458:
10446:. Retrieved
10437:
10428:
10416:
10404:. Retrieved
10397:the original
10380:
10368:. Retrieved
10359:
10339:
10335:
10318:
10314:
10293:. Retrieved
10289:the original
10279:
10260:
10255:
10245:
10238:
10229:
10217:. Retrieved
10197:
10190:
10178:. Retrieved
10174:the original
10167:
10158:
10146:. Retrieved
10142:the original
10136:
10115:
10098:
10078:
10066:. Retrieved
10046:
10039:
10031:the original
10026:
10016:
9996:
9986:
9975:Anglo-Indian
9972:
9964:
9957:
9939:
9935:
9931:
9914:
9902:. Retrieved
9893:
9884:
9872:. Retrieved
9868:the original
9863:
9854:
9842:. Retrieved
9828:
9816:. Retrieved
9807:
9798:
9786:. Retrieved
9770:
9766:CTC Sentinel
9764:
9751:
9739:. Retrieved
9730:
9721:
9709:. Retrieved
9700:The Guardian
9698:
9689:
9677:. Retrieved
9663:
9637:. Retrieved
9632:
9623:
9603:
9596:
9584:. Retrieved
9580:the original
9575:
9565:
9553:. Retrieved
9544:The Diplomat
9542:
9532:
9520:. Retrieved
9499:
9487:. Retrieved
9480:the original
9467:
9455:. Retrieved
9451:the original
9446:
9437:
9425:. Retrieved
9416:
9407:
9395:. Retrieved
9369:
9363:
9351:. Retrieved
9333:
9321:. Retrieved
9284:. Retrieved
9275:
9266:
9257:
9249:
9237:
9228:
9216:. Retrieved
9197:
9185:. Retrieved
9174:
9164:
9152:. Retrieved
9135:
9121:. Retrieved
9110:
9094:. Retrieved
9079:
9063:. Retrieved
9052:
9041:
9031:
9024:. Retrieved
9020:the original
9013:
9001:
8994:. Retrieved
8983:
8972:
8965:. Retrieved
8956:
8943:
8936:. Retrieved
8925:
8913:
8885:
8879:
8872:
8860:. Retrieved
8840:
8834:
8822:. Retrieved
8808:
8780:
8756:
8746:18 September
8744:. Retrieved
8717:18 September
8715:. Retrieved
8701:
8672:18 September
8670:. Retrieved
8659:
8637:18 September
8635:. Retrieved
8631:the original
8603:
8591:. Retrieved
8572:
8562:
8552:17 September
8550:. Retrieved
8546:the original
8536:
8495:
8465:
8369:
8352:
8339:
8326:
8270:wolf hunting
8266:Afghan Hound
8255:
8228:
8185:
8158:
8138:bodybuilding
8111:
8053:
8030:
8010:
7987:
7966:pomegranates
7958:Kabuli palaw
7943:
7914:
7908:
7902:
7896:
7860:
7856:
7842:
7807:
7790:
7782:Farhad Darya
7751:
7696:
7648:
7621:
7597:
7564:style, with
7558:Buddhist art
7550:Gandhara Art
7546:oil painting
7543:
7541:and Turkey.
7526:lapis lazuli
7524:
7515:
7491:
7401:
7384:Architecture
7375:
7365:
7362:Hamid Karzai
7354:
7348:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7311:
7296:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7277:stone walled
7270:
7261:
7228:
7181:
7143:
7116:
7085:
7030:
6975:
6949:
6924:
6913:
6898:
6872:
6815:
6742:bilingualism
6728:
6698:
6353:
6334:
6331:Urbanization
6322:
6309:
6293:
6259:Demographics
6246:
6222:Turkmenistan
6207:
6152:
6118:
6111:
6048:
6025:
5987:valley is a
5955:The city of
5954:
5919:hippie trail
5907:
5871:
5836:
5802:
5790:
5774:$ 1 trillion
5748:; 1,100,000
5728:
5694:
5690:$ 1 trillion
5643:
5638:Lapis lazuli
5600:
5590:
5582:pomegranates
5579:
5547:
5536:
5513:
5501:
5482:
5437:
5414:
5408:
5405:pomegranates
5384:
5357:
5354:
5347:
5333:
5308:Human rights
5287:
5232:unrecognized
5229:
5213:
5013:34 provinces
5003:
4999:
4988:
4977:
4975:
4950:
4931:
4900:
4861:
4845:Ashraf Ghani
4843:. President
4817:Hamid Karzai
4806:
4723:Hasan Akhund
4678:
4676:
4663:
4653:
4583:spruce trees
4576:
4569:
4563:
4553:
4547:
4537:
4524:
4520:Afghan hound
4490:
4427:
4422:snow leopard
4406:Biodiversity
4375:Sistan Basin
4356:
4309:
4296:forest cover
4293:
4289:Turkmenistan
4234:
4194:Sistan Basin
4163:
4116:Lebap Region
4081:
4077:
4071:Allama Iqbal
4064:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3963:
3949:
3930:
3921:
3907:
3888:
3877:
3866:
3855:
3844:
3833:
3822:
3811:
3800:
3789:
3778:
3767:
3759:Turkmenistan
3756:
3745:
3734:
3723:
3690:
3666:
3632:Hasan Akhund
3622:
3588:
3557:launched an
3544:
3518:
3502:
3489:Ashraf Ghani
3474:
3437:Hamid Karzai
3430:
3398:
3354:
3324:
3311:
3274:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3212:
3167:
3140:
3128:Soviet Union
3105:
3075:
3018:World War II
3014:
3006:Soviet Union
3002:Pashtunistan
2983:
2968:Nazi Germany
2948:Mirzali Khan
2917:
2913:Abdul Khaliq
2890:
2886:Queen Soraya
2878:constitution
2874:Mahmud Tarzi
2858:Soviet Union
2835:
2793:
2779:
2678:
2633:annihilation
2594:
2564:Ranjit Singh
2500:Ranjit Singh
2489:
2434:
2316:
2262:
2250:Portrait of
2210:
2115:
2073:
2030:
2025:Ashraf Hotak
1979:Lodi dynasty
1960:
1908:Genghis Khan
1905:
1852:
1771:
1720:Hephthalites
1689:
1681:lapis lazuli
1619:
1580:Kabul Valley
1537:
1485:
1430:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1341:
1331:
1322:
1315:
1261:
1210:
1172:between the
1166:buffer state
1126:Soviet Union
1114:Arab Muslims
1102:the Persians
1084:
1060:in the north
1028:Turkmenistan
1004:Central Asia
999:
995:
994:
983:Internet TLD
960:
866:• Total
832:• Total
754:• Total
667:17 July 1973
633:Independence
474:Hasan Akhund
432:provisional
430:totalitarian
165:
155:
132:Motto:
131:
32:
27758:Theocracies
27673:Afghanistan
27428:Patriot Act
27179:Hafiz Saeed
27137:Individuals
27116:Philippines
27071:Afghanistan
27054:Operational
26837:South Korea
26751:Afghanistan
26735:(Cancelled)
26420:Afghanistan
26380:Tehran 2009
26360:Tehran 2000
26355:Almaty 1998
26335:Tehran 1992
26279:Secretariat
25967:Archaeology
25882:Environment
25772:Afro-Asians
25594:Afghanistan
25493:Archaeology
25455:Geostrategy
25348:Belarusians
25318:Karakalpaks
25147:Asia portal
25011:territories
24969:recognition
24877:Philippines
24817:South Korea
24812:North Korea
24707:Afghanistan
24221:Earthquakes
24005:Turk Shahis
23960:Afghanistan
23898:Afghanistan
23882:Afghanistan
23791:Afghanistan
23748:. Collins.
23600:Afghanistan
23080:pajhwok.com
22751:Dupree 1997
22233:: 149–155.
22078:Dupree 1997
22000:Dupree 1997
21940:Dupree 1997
21533:21 December
21507:17 February
21481:17 February
21371:"Education"
21254:Der Spiegel
20997:. BBC News.
20856:2 September
20697:www.cia.gov
20561:29 December
20517:27 November
20232:pajhwok.com
20148:22 November
19842:Dupree 1997
19706:pajhwok.com
19437:1 September
19433:(in German)
19405:14 November
19265:16 December
19239:29 December
18967:areu.org.af
17578:31 December
17551:Dupree 1997
17350:9 September
17302:5 September
17272:4 September
17242:3 September
17212:2 September
16910:25 November
16884:9 September
16815:(1): 5978.
16575:19 February
16407:14 November
16165:Afghanistan
15696:"U.S. maps"
15449:12 November
15423:12 November
15391:12 November
15365:12 November
15275:7 September
15243:9 September
15187:9 September
15135:6 September
14974:25 December
14944:1 September
14889:6 September
14513:Daily Times
14355:28 December
14093:14 November
14067:14 November
13863:14 November
13809:28 February
13552:16 December
13392:24 November
13215:28 February
13141:16 December
13109:16 December
13072:16 December
12824:29 December
11537:11 November
11367:9 September
11337:9 September
11181:Dupree 1997
11124:26 November
10549:17 November
10517:11 December
10421:Runion 2007
10370:19 February
10219:11 December
10047:The Afghans
9864:mail.gov.af
9788:29 November
9711:14 December
9639:22 November
9555:25 February
9489:1 September
9457:4 September
9427:23 December
9397:16 December
9123:19 February
9081:Radio Farda
9026:28 November
8996:28 November
8967:28 November
8945:peacefully.
8938:28 November
8824:16 February
8304:Asia portal
8037:Eid al-Fitr
7994:Zoroastrian
7904:Khuda Gawah
7889:Zarine Khan
7865:Salman Khan
7826:Radio Kabul
7822:Shamshad TV
7762:Ahmad Zahir
7754:Radio Kabul
7690:The Afghan
7662:Rahman Baba
7554:Greco-Roman
7539:Mesopotamia
7535:cobalt blue
7511:Afghan rugs
7416:Blue Mosque
7328:khet partug
7251:bride price
7224:Persianized
7200:hospitality
7196:Pashtunwali
6863:Blue Mosque
6618:Puli Khumri
6240:, Iran and
6147:Airbus A310
6075:Afghansat 1
5948:, a UNESCO
5793:biocapacity
5742:carbonatite
5565:Agriculture
5509:Afghan rugs
5485:expatriates
5477:Afghan rugs
5419:(PPP). Its
5225:Durand Line
4752:and Acting
4658:during the
4615:Band-e Amir
4438:brown bears
4369:), and the
4269:Kabul River
4261:Indus River
4112:Mary Region
4108:Ahal Region
4092:Durand Line
3336:formed the
3151:Soviet Army
2964:Axis powers
2816:Khyber Pass
2794:During the
2760:-dominated
2754:Durand Line
2718:An uprising
2637:Elphinstone
2615:as the new
2548:Jamrud Fort
2504:Sikh Empire
2483:, ruled by
2457:Mahmud Shah
2455:in 1818 by
2441:Sikh Empire
2399:Durand Line
2258: 1757
2243:expansion.
2211:Ahmad Shah
2182:reappointed
2045:Gurgin Khan
1922:as well as
1816:Ahura Mazda
1728:Hindu Shahi
1649:Hellenistic
1611:Tillya Tepe
1572:inscription
1548:Caspian Sea
1493:Paleolithic
1437:Afghanistan
1435:as king of
1096:, the land
996:Afghanistan
899: 0.462
653:9 June 1926
624:26 May 1879
609:27 May 1863
504:Legislature
264: /
27667:Categories
27579:photograph
27225:Boko Haram
27220:Al-Shabaab
27215:Abu Sayyaf
27032:Withdrawal
27022:Withdrawal
26955:SAARC Road
26756:Bangladesh
26702:Dhaka 2005
26672:Dhaka 1993
26642:Dhaka 1985
26623:Agreements
26546:Uzbekistan
26504:Tajikistan
26476:Kyrgyzstan
26462:Kazakhstan
26434:Azerbaijan
26069:Bangladesh
25979:Bronze Age
25862:Philosophy
25847:Literature
25744:Indo-Aryan
25724:Andamanese
25599:Bangladesh
25503:Bronze Age
25288:Ukrainians
25273:Mongolians
25226:Uzbekistan
25216:Tajikistan
25211:Kyrgyzstan
25206:Kazakhstan
24937:Uzbekistan
24912:Tajikistan
24827:Kyrgyzstan
24807:Kazakhstan
24757:East Timor
24727:Bangladesh
24717:Azerbaijan
24379:Loya jirga
24298:Nuristanis
24110:since 1992
24105:Soviet war
23642:. Rodopi.
23628:0060505087
23522:See also:
22915:28 October
22659:17 October
22592:4 February
22470:3 December
22444:3 December
21925:23 January
21717:20 October
21621:12 January
21232:7 February
21147:25 October
20118:4 November
19980:20 January
19924:. Sky News
19860:BBC Travel
19559:World Bank
19300:13 October
19213:13 October
19153:13 October
19124:4 December
19085:13 October
19043:7 November
19021:7 November
18530:4 February
18477:4 February
17998:AP Archive
17743:12 October
17712:12 October
17641:15 October
17610:17 October
17568:mea.gov.in
17503:4 February
16937:14 October
16606:: 180214.
16510:13 October
16480:14 October
16057:4 February
16031:13 October
15679:26 January
15649:26 January
15619:26 January
15593:26 January
15325:Al Jazeera
15094:15 October
14964:ucdp.uu.se
14571:Al Jazeera
14474:(PDF), by
14388:11 January
14325:21 October
14288:21 October
14262:21 October
13840:UNSCR 1386
13828:Resolution
13422:12 October
13231:Ghost Wars
12750:11 October
12435:. p.
12433:I.B.Tauris
12334:Ewans 2002
11810:0714632465
11566:4 December
11221:"Khurasan"
11001:Ewans 2002
10940:Ewans 2002
10913:. London:
10844:. London:
10406:10 October
9904:18 October
9874:18 October
9844:18 October
9818:18 October
9741:8 February
9679:1 November
9586:14 October
9096:6 February
8523:References
8095:See also:
7881:Kader Khan
7877:Feroz Khan
7873:Aamir Khan
7857:Kabuliwala
7778:Ahmad Wali
7723:zerbaghali
7592:See also:
7588:Literature
7576:and early
7486:embroidery
7476:Afghan art
7458:, and the
7440:idolatrous
7432:Ai-Khanoum
7428:Lashkargah
7377:Mazari hat
7264:people in
7146:disability
7052:, and the
6818:Hindustani
6685:See also:
6480:4,273,200
6290:Population
6218:Toraghundi
6091:See also:
5985:Hari River
5880:, and the
5874:Kajaki Dam
5847:hydropower
5839:World Bank
5791:Access to
5750:short tons
5465:, and the
5455:Azizi Bank
5352:persists.
5349:bacha bazi
5340:Sharia law
5312:See also:
5208:See also:
5026:Badakhshan
4853:Uzbekistan
4849:Tajikistan
4705:See also:
4680:loya jirga
4603:shrublands
4579:pine trees
4466:wild sheep
4328:avalanches
4324:landslides
4273:Hindu Kush
4255:, and the
4237:reservoirs
4229:topography
4166:Hindu Kush
4088:landlocked
4034:Hindu Kush
3814:Tajikistan
3792:Kyrgyzstan
3781:Uzbekistan
3669:World Bank
3566:president
3503:Body Count
3266:mujahideen
3262:mujahideen
3258:government
3226:See also:
3107:mujahideen
2978:King Zahir
2852:and fully
2766:Kafiristan
2764:and pagan
2706:Yaqub Khan
2656:, and the
2625:Shah Shuja
2595:In 1839 a
2544:Akbar Khan
2526:to defeat
2445:Fateh Khan
2076:Nader Shah
2065:Nader Shah
2049:Abdul Aziz
2035:, a local
1989:, Iranian
1863:Kafiristan
1848:Ghaznavids
1832:Greek gods
1792:Syncretism
1724:Turk Shahi
1685:Badakhshan
1641:Hindu Kush
1542:-speaking
1529:Oxus River
1497:Mesolithic
1464:See also:
1346:cavalrymen
1338:Hindu Kush
1229:Mujahideen
1198:Zahir Shah
1170:Great Game
1068:Hindu Kush
1044:Tajikistan
1036:Uzbekistan
1008:South Asia
778:Population
772:negligible
434:theocratic
424:Government
412:Demonym(s)
27295:Operation
27287:Conflicts
26827:Mauritius
26802:Australia
26795:Observers
26786:Sri Lanka
26722:Addu 2011
26682:Malé 1997
26662:Malé 1990
26555:Observers
26390:Baku 2012
26375:Baku 2006
26136:Education
25857:Mythology
25842:Languages
25754:Nuristani
25739:Dravidian
25665:Sri Lanka
25631:Northeast
25619:Northwest
25406:Languages
25328:Armenians
25101:Hong Kong
25020:Australia
25009:Dependent
24988:Palestine
24902:Sri Lanka
24897:Singapore
24777:Indonesia
24545:Education
24514:Transport
24335:Languages
24308:Qizilbash
24236:Volcanoes
24194:Geography
23559:. BRILL.
23410:The Hindu
23217:The Hindu
22617:Songlines
22495:22 August
22239:0392-4866
21920:904447770
21898:"Pashtun"
21412:13 August
21343:0362-4331
21048:22 August
20323:3 January
20242:6 January
20211:3 January
19489:(3): 58.
19483:Resources
18883:Arab News
18753:16 August
18503:15 August
18275:28 August
18244:28 August
18213:28 August
17933:0362-4331
17894:0971-751X
17885:The Hindu
17467:0362-4331
17149:18 August
17119:19 August
17088:18 August
17078:Brecorder
17057:18 August
17027:10 August
17001:10 August
16839:2041-1723
15969:. BRILL.
15503:Arab News
15479:16 August
15335:8 October
15305:8 October
15217:8 October
15161:8 October
15123:0362-4331
15064:1 October
15034:1 October
15004:1 October
14854:17 August
14824:17 August
14794:21 August
14764:21 August
14734:15 August
14702:15 August
14380:. Kabul.
13772:2 January
13730:2 January
12978:25 August
12683:7 January
12615:7 January
12108:Arab News
12073:160565967
12003:159788830
11911:ReliefWeb
11403:25 August
11303:22 August
11114:154120015
11098:1356-1863
11046:USA Today
10891:19 August
10699:. Orion.
10595:. Chêne.
10107:1873-9830
9994:(1977) .
9969:Alexander
8910:253945821
8902:2347-7970
8593:19 August
8583:0040-781X
8528:Citations
8358:autocracy
8224:Jalalabad
8130:taekwondo
7898:Dharmatma
7845:Bollywood
7719:harmonium
7424:Chil Zena
7204:sanctuary
7188:patriarch
7080:hospitals
7054:Day Kundi
7046:Sar-I-Pul
6932:Education
6838:Bollywood
6802:Nuristani
6762:Farsiwans
6564:Jalalabad
6372:Jalalabad
6345:Sri Lanka
6163:Air India
6114:Highway 1
6071:satellite
6063:MTN Group
5878:Dahla Dam
5859:CASA-1000
5843:megawatts
5746:long tons
5739:Khanashin
5716:crude oil
5559:US dollar
5272:Joe Biden
5176:Sar-e Pol
5131:Nangarhar
4984:districts
4934:protested
4587:fir trees
4542:(or the "
4516:pheasants
4496:wild pigs
4474:hedgehogs
4387:Amu River
4383:Turkestan
4379:Jalalabad
4245:Amu Darya
4241:endorheic
4190:Turkestan
4170:Himalayas
4106:of Iran;
4025:Spin Ghar
4016:Karakoram
3975:Amu Darya
3951:Jalalabad
3703:Geography
3359:is being
3316:is being
3188:landmines
3172:is being
3120:supported
3116:proxy war
3102:civil war
2901:Saqqawist
2850:sovereign
2770:conquered
2762:Hazarajat
2734:Ayub Khan
2550:from the
2219:into the
2074:In 1738,
2031:In 1709,
1944:Shah Rukh
1928:Ilkhanate
1893:in 1215.
1871:Al-Biruni
1859:Islamized
1820:Lady Nana
1734:culture.
1716:Kidarites
1708:Sassanids
1673:Samarkand
1665:Silk Road
1586:, around
1584:Arachosia
1560:Arachosia
1533:Shortugai
1509:Iron Ages
1501:Neolithic
1306:Etymology
1227:in 1979.
1048:northeast
1032:northwest
936:Time zone
856:(nominal)
594:1842–1926
579:1839–1842
565:1823–1839
552:1747–1823
513:Formation
380:Religion
225:under an
27693:Emirates
27636:Category
27556:Islamism
27496:Cold War
27421:Policies
27373:Iraq War
27205:al-Qaeda
27198:Factions
27121:Ethiopia
27096:Pakistan
27028:Iraq War
26781:Pakistan
26771:Maldives
26490:Pakistan
26263:Politics
26158:Military
26079:Pakistan
26042:Hinduism
26037:Buddhism
26024:Religion
25994:Medieval
25984:Iron Age
25909:Politics
25872:Surnames
25794:Diaspora
25690:Southern
25680:Northern
25653:Pakistan
25643:Maldives
25508:Iron Age
25447:Politics
25421:Buddhism
25416:Religion
25333:Pashtuns
25293:Turkmens
25278:Russians
25135:Category
24978:Abkhazia
24917:Thailand
24872:Pakistan
24852:Mongolia
24847:Maldives
24842:Malaysia
24742:Cambodia
24627:Category
24585:War rugs
24580:Religion
24565:Olympics
24494:Taxation
24357:Politics
24318:Turkmens
24303:Pashtuns
24278:Farsiwan
24241:Wildlife
24158:Timeline
24151:By topic
23964:articles
23920:Archived
23766:(2005).
23681:(2003).
23598:(1997).
23459:(2007).
23441:13 April
23435:Archived
23384:Archived
23358:Archived
23302:Archived
23272:Archived
23242:Archived
23018:(2013).
22855:. India.
22795:Archived
22730:Archived
22726:TOLOnews
22560:Archived
22464:Fox News
22247:41922907
22054:Archived
22034:15 March
21973:Archived
21828:Archived
21801:Archived
21703:"Health"
21678:Archived
21674:VOA News
21644:Archived
21560:Archived
21434:6 August
21430:. UNESCO
21379:Archived
21265:25 April
21259:Archived
21172:Archived
21042:Archived
20978:Archived
20653:31618275
20613:PLOS ONE
20527:cite web
20492:Archived
20448:TOLOnews
20427:Archived
20317:Archived
20291:Archived
20262:Archived
20236:Archived
20205:Archived
20168:Archived
20142:Archived
20112:Archived
20001:Archived
19974:Archived
19811:Archived
19577:TOLOnews
19539:28 March
19399:Archived
19366:Archived
19324:Archived
19233:Archived
19173:Archived
18993:ToloNews
18901:TOLOnews
18715:Archived
18692:Archived
18688:CBS News
18585:Archived
18556:Archived
18414:Archived
18388:Archived
18384:TOLOnews
18332:Archived
18301:Archived
18269:Archived
18238:Archived
18181:Archived
18154:Archived
18121:Archived
18090:Archived
18063:Archived
18032:Archived
18008:26 April
18002:archived
17976:26 April
17970:Archived
17937:Archived
17898:Archived
17857:Archived
17825:Archived
17794:Archived
17764:Archived
17737:Archived
17688:Archived
17661:Archived
17635:Archived
17604:Archived
17572:Archived
17527:Archived
17471:Archived
17432:Archived
17344:Archived
17296:Archived
17266:Archived
17236:Archived
17206:Archived
17179:Archived
17143:Archived
17113:Archived
17082:Archived
17051:Archived
17021:Archived
16995:Archived
16957:Archived
16931:Archived
16904:Archived
16878:Archived
16857:33293507
16666:23 March
16660:Archived
16638:30375988
16569:Archived
16539:Archived
16531:CTV News
16401:Archived
16287:Archived
16201:Archived
16075:Archived
15948:28 March
15942:Archived
15907:28 March
15901:Archived
15896:The Hill
15874:17 March
15868:Archived
15836:Archived
15804:Archived
15780:Archived
15720:Archived
15673:Archived
15643:Archived
15639:VOA News
15613:Archived
15587:Archived
15561:Archived
15507:Archived
15486:Somalia.
15473:Archived
15443:Archived
15417:Archived
15385:Archived
15359:Archived
15329:Archived
15299:Archived
15269:Archived
15264:TOLOnews
15237:Archived
15211:Archived
15181:Archived
15155:Archived
15088:Archived
15058:Archived
15028:Archived
14998:Archived
14968:Archived
14938:Archived
14883:Archived
14848:Archived
14818:Archived
14814:The Week
14788:Archived
14728:Archived
14696:Archived
14692:NDTV.com
14666:Archived
14634:Archived
14607:Archived
14602:VOA News
14575:Archived
14545:Archived
14468:Archived
14418:12 April
14412:Archived
14408:CBS News
14382:Archived
14349:Archived
14319:Archived
14310:HuffPost
14282:Archived
14256:Archived
14230:Archived
14199:Archived
14034:Archived
14004:Archived
13978:Archived
13948:Archived
13917:Archived
13887:Archived
13857:Archived
13763:Archived
13724:Archived
13697:Archived
13628:Archived
13446:Archived
13386:Archived
13328:Archived
13300:Archived
13246:Archived
13206:Archived
12972:Archived
12903:Archived
12849:Archived
12818:Archived
12772:Archived
12744:Archived
12742:. 1998.
12674:Archived
12609:Archived
12563:14344770
12476:Archived
12472:BBC News
12313:Archived
12229:Archived
12190:Archived
12151:Archived
12112:Archived
11915:Archived
11894:Lee 2019
11870:Archived
11849:Lee 2019
11798:Archived
11778:40105749
11713:Lee 2019
11647:Lee 2019
11635:Lee 2019
11623:Lee 2019
11611:Lee 2019
11596:Lee 2019
11581:Lee 2019
11513:Lee 2019
11501:Lee 2019
11385:(1857).
11287:(1560).
11271:Archived
11229:Archived
11118:Archived
11106:25183465
11051:Archived
10965:Archived
10511:Archived
10472:Archived
10442:Archived
10364:Archived
10213:Archived
10120:Lee 2019
10097:(eds.).
10062:Archived
10023:"Afghan"
9965:cavalier
9951:Sanskrit
9928:Sanskrit
9898:Archived
9838:Archived
9812:Archived
9779:Archived
9777:: 1–14.
9735:Archived
9733:. 1995.
9705:Archived
9673:Archived
9649:cite web
9549:Archived
9513:Archived
9421:Archived
9388:Archived
9353:22 March
9347:Archived
9317:Archived
9286:27 April
9280:Archived
9212:Archived
9181:Archived
9117:Archived
9090:Archived
9065:18 March
9059:Archived
9054:The Hill
8990:Archived
8961:Archived
8932:Archived
8862:27 March
8856:Archived
8818:Archived
8816:. 2004.
8798:Archived
8769:Archived
8740:Archived
8711:Archived
8666:Archived
8587:Archived
8509:disputed
8276:See also
8258:buzkashi
8235:football
8122:handball
8107:Buzkashi
8045:Vaisakhi
8006:buzkashi
7766:Nashenas
7598:Classic
7556:art and
7507:war rugs
7498:handmade
7446:and the
7408:Buddhist
7303:kerosene
7273:mudbrick
7112:midwives
6957:and the
6848:Religion
6834:Pakistan
6808:1%, and
6766:Pashtuns
6736:are the
6708:Pashtuns
6663:153,300
6645:183,000
6627:237,900
6609:253,700
6591:263,200
6573:356,500
6555:469,200
6537:556,200
6519:614,300
6510:Kandahar
6463:Kandahar
6435:Province
6356:Kandahar
6337:Cambodia
6301:Pakistan
6297:urbanite
6171:Gulf Air
6167:Emirates
6131:and the
6059:Etisalat
6021:Bactrian
5993:Muhammad
5969:Kandahar
5927:Kandahar
5735:minerals
5676:, lead,
5660:, gold,
5658:chromite
5604:Kandahar
5586:cannabis
5300:and the
5278:Military
5221:Pakistan
5171:Samangan
5161:Panjshir
5141:Nuristan
5096:Kandahar
5051:Daykundi
4907:Kandahar
4623:Nuristan
4504:mongoose
4492:Gazelles
4367:Nuristan
4249:Hari Rud
4198:Nuristan
4176:via the
3909:Kandahar
3880:Pakistan
3425:Chinooks
3413:al-Qaeda
3352:template
3309:template
3283:Kandahar
3254:creation
3216:warlords
3196:Kandahar
3180:Pakistan
3165:template
3022:Cold War
2860:and the
2784:—
2681:campaign
2574:during "
2524:Kandahar
2512:Peshawar
2461:Barakzai
2437:Persians
2427:and the
2330:Kandahar
2282:Kandahar
2274:Kandahar
2206:Nishapur
2178:Shahrokh
2162:Nishapur
2154:Khorasan
2142:Peshawar
2122:Pashtuns
2078:and his
2041:Safavids
1999:Khorasan
1991:Safavids
1967:Ferghana
1952:Florence
1910:and his
1875:Ferdowsi
1844:Samanids
1840:Saffarid
1812:Hinduism
1800:Buddhism
1732:Buddhist
1704:Buddhism
1687:region.
1607:Dionysus
1603:Scythian
1588:Kandahar
1517:Kandahar
1513:Mundigak
1403:, sing.
1401:afāghina
1371:Pashtuns
1356:Sanskrit
1348:" (from
1328:Sanskrit
1280:cashmere
1266:, iron,
1176:and the
1136:and the
1012:Pakistan
915:Currency
661:Republic
436:Islamic
428:Unitary
395:official
157:Shahadah
152:Muhammad
27646:Commons
27469:Related
27260:Taliban
27130:Targets
26832:Myanmar
26744:Members
26635:Summits
26617:(SAARC)
26328:Summits
26303:Symbols
26203:History
26149:History
26099:Cricket
26052:Sikhism
26047:Jainism
26032:Dharmic
25959:History
25905:Economy
25890:Monsoon
25867:Scripts
25837:Fashion
25827:Cuisine
25804:Culture
25787:Semitic
25777:Chinese
25685:Eastern
25636:Islands
25485:History
25443:Economy
25401:Gardens
25391:Cuisine
25368:Culture
25338:Hazaras
25308:Dungans
25303:Uyghurs
25283:Koreans
25268:Kyrgyzs
25263:Kazakhs
24942:Vietnam
24857:Myanmar
24837:Lebanon
24767:Georgia
24722:Bahrain
24712:Armenia
24604:Outline
24540:Cuisine
24528:Culture
24504:Tourism
24457:Economy
24404:Cabinet
24369:Taliban
24288:Hazaras
24211:Borders
23972:History
22801:28 July
22736:28 July
22703:14 June
22566:21 June
22515:UN News
22332:13 June
22209:Bergamo
22186:14 June
22142:13 June
21871:14 June
21834:15 July
21807:28 June
21558:(WHO).
21459:5 April
21292:6 March
20928:alaraby
20882:13 June
20677:2 March
20644:6795489
20621:Bibcode
20472:13 June
20088:Reuters
19878:AP News
19782:13 June
19752:13 June
19640:14 June
19462:23 June
18839:Reuters
18668:13 June
18641:Reuters
18364:12 June
17831:12 June
17800:13 June
17770:13 June
17686:. CNN.
17477:7 April
17370:AP News
17139:New Age
17047:Reuters
16848:7723057
16817:Bibcode
16755:14 June
16629:6207062
16608:Bibcode
16375:Reuters
16329:12 June
16296:20 July
16210:28 June
16001:17 June
15842:13 July
15810:2 March
15800:U-M LSA
15786:2 March
15766:2 March
15746:2 March
15726:2 March
15567:15 July
15540:5 March
14784:Reuters
14672:26 July
14640:26 July
14632:. CNN.
14613:26 July
14315:Reuters
14236:13 June
14205:13 June
14040:16 June
14010:16 June
13984:16 June
13954:16 June
13923:16 June
13893:16 June
13834:.
13679:17 July
13412:Newsday
12855:13 June
12576:1 March
12196:15 June
12157:15 June
11921:14 June
11812:. p7-19
11235:20 June
10478:17 June
10448:17 June
10180:13 July
9954:Ashvaka
8786:WordNet
8505:Kashmir
8345:Afghans
8150:snooker
8146:bowling
8142:skating
8118:Cricket
8033:Ramadan
7960:is the
7923:Cuisine
7861:Pathani
7774:Mahwash
7727:dayereh
7600:Persian
7578:Safavid
7574:Timurid
7521:Istalif
7517:Pottery
7494:weaving
7492:Carpet
7488:pattern
7444:Paghman
7356:karakul
7345:Taliban
7293:nomadic
7239:Islamic
7212:Persian
7183:Afghans
7160:Culture
7042:Jowzjan
6899:Afghan
6888:and 3%
6810:Balochi
6798:Pashayi
6790:Turkmen
6746:Persian
6716:Hazaras
6700:Afghans
6687:Afghans
6600:Taloqan
6265:Afghans
6220:to the
6212:to the
6159:Kam Air
6149:in 2006
6073:called
5983:in the
5888:Tourism
5855:biomass
5805:Taliban
5782:bauxite
5778:Bolivia
5770:Hajigak
5731:lithium
5698:of the
5650:uranium
5646:lithium
5608:Helmand
5592:Saffron
5575:saffron
5573:Afghan
5555:Afghani
5505:telecom
5443:Afghani
5389:Economy
5256:Germany
5156:Paktika
5146:Oruzgan
5121:Laghman
5086:Jowzjan
5076:Helmand
5036:Baghlan
5031:Badghis
4979:wilayat
4953:Taliban
4896:cabinet
4864:Jumu'ah
4811:party,
4727:Acting
4685:Pashtun
4664:de jure
4648:The Arg
4591:larches
4544:Paghman
4526:Endemic
4508:Marmots
4482:jackals
4478:gophers
4396:monsoon
4342:Climate
4208:), and
4202:Paktika
4096:Kashmir
3997:Helmand
3685:Taliban
3555:Taliban
3485:Afghans
3322:
3291:emirate
3287:Rabbani
3271:Taliban
3136:Parcham
2998:Pashtun
2966:, with
2944:Salemai
2882:Slavery
2746:Pashtun
2670:Bukhara
2597:British
2570:in the
2413:Emirate
2241:Maratha
2190:Bakharz
2186:Torshiz
2174:Mashhad
2158:Mashhad
2150:Kashmir
2057:Isfahan
2037:Ghilzai
1995:Mughals
1954:of the
1836:Zunbils
1824:Anahita
1776:Muslims
1762:Ghurids
1669:Bukhara
1615:Bactria
1609:, from
1568:Bactria
1443:History
1413:Ṣafavid
1360:Avestan
1342:Aśvakan
1333:Aśvakan
1292:poverty
1276:saffron
1264:lithium
1241:Taliban
1168:in the
1142:Iranian
1138:Mughals
1122:British
1118:Mongols
1054:to the
1046:to the
1038:to the
1030:to the
1022:to the
1014:to the
919:Afghani
906: (
846:$ 2,459
730:•
715:•
702:•
689:•
674:•
659:•
648:Kingdom
646:•
631:•
616:•
601:•
586:•
571:•
560:Emirate
558:•
543:•
524:•
486:•
466:•
449:•
438:emirate
367:
358:
353:Turkmen
349:
340:
331:
322:
311:Pashtun
252:69°11′E
249:34°31′N
233:Capital
166:Anthem:
27436:(2002)
27430:(2001)
26863:Russia
26851:Guests
26761:Bhutan
26567:
26543:
26536:
26529:
26522:
26518:Turkey
26515:
26508:
26501:
26494:
26487:
26480:
26473:
26466:
26459:
26452:
26445:
26438:
26431:
26424:
26417:
26410:
26404:Member
26310:Emblem
26208:Swords
26091:Sports
25932:Muslim
25822:Cinema
25764:Turkic
25749:Iranic
25658:Punjab
25604:Bhutan
25523:Sports
25396:Dastan
25386:Cinema
25358:Azeris
25343:Baloch
25313:Tatars
25258:Tajiks
25253:Uzbeks
25041:Greece
24998:Taiwan
24922:Turkey
24887:Russia
24822:Kuwait
24802:Jordan
24792:Israel
24752:Cyprus
24737:Brunei
24732:Bhutan
24632:Portal
24575:Poetry
24560:Cinema
24484:Mining
24479:Energy
24330:Health
24323:Uzbeks
24313:Tajiks
24283:Gurjar
24273:Baloch
23962:
23862:
23841:
23820:
23799:
23776:
23752:
23731:
23710:
23689:
23667:
23646:
23625:
23606:
23584:
23563:
23542:
23499:
23469:
23390:28 May
23364:28 May
23338:28 May
23308:28 May
23278:28 May
23248:4 July
23222:4 July
23196:1 July
23170:1 July
23148:1 July
23122:1 July
23057:
23028:
22977:
22773:
22538:
22426:. CNN.
22268:
22245:
22237:
22100:
21918:
21894::
21777:19 May
21744:19 May
21684:28 May
21653:28 May
21569:17 May
21385:26 May
21341:
21178:19 May
21106:19 May
21075:19 May
20954:
20792:4 July
20788:. 2019
20651:
20641:
20401:
20353:1 June
20297:7 July
20174:28 May
20065:
20007:7 July
19950:1 July
19928:1 July
19906:1 July
19884:1 July
19667:15 May
19517:1 July
18999:8 June
18973:29 May
18943:29 May
18863:1 July
18805:23 May
18594:23 May
18551:Forbes
18420:28 May
18394:28 May
18338:23 May
18307:20 May
18187:20 May
18160:20 May
18127:22 May
18096:20 May
17931:
17892:
17863:3 June
17733:Forbes
17667:4 July
17536:4 July
17465:
17438:4 July
17399:1 July
17376:1 July
17324:1 July
17232:News18
16963:2 June
16855:
16845:
16837:
16785:
16723:
16691:
16636:
16626:
16545:3 July
16266:
16172:
16145:
16101:
15973:
15934:
15832:UNdata
15706:19 May
15546:, 2012
15355:News24
15121:
14844:News18
14581:19 May
14551:19 May
14177:
13830:
13575:
13483:
13452:7 July
13359:
13270:
13229:Coll,
13004:
12885:19 May
12765:UNICEF
12718:
12644:
12601:
12561:
12517:
12482:4 July
12452:31 May
12443:
12406:
12381:
12356:
12319:6 July
12290:
12263:
12235:31 May
12221:
12182:
12143:
12118:3 July
12071:
12065:261243
12063:
12026:
12001:
11964:
11832:
11808:
11776:
11735:
11696:
11669:
11455:
11428:
11263:
11203:
11112:
11104:
11096:
11057:19 May
10971:2 June
10817:
10789:
10761:
10733:
10703:
10676:
10645:
10599:
10574:
10503:
10468:UNESCO
10295:19 May
10270:
10205:
10148:19 May
10105:
10068:6 July
10054:
10004:
9947:Greeks
9936:Asvaka
9611:
9522:1 July
9380:
9176:JURIST
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8848:
8581:
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8210:. The
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8041:Ashura
8016:Mithra
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