Uzbeks - Knowledge

1967: 1205: 1255: 1675: 1620:, which took place from 1219 to 1225, led to a wholesale change in the population of Mawarannahr. The conquest quickened the process of Turkification in some parts of the region because, although the armies of Genghis Khan were led by Mongols, they were made up mostly of Turkic tribes that had been incorporated into the Mongol armies as the tribes were encountered in the Mongols' southward sweep. As these armies settled in Mawarannahr, they intermixed with the local populations which did not flee. Another effect of the Mongol conquest was the large-scale damage the soldiers inflicted on cities such as Bukhara and on regions such as Khorazm. As the leading province of a wealthy state, Khorazm was treated especially severely. The 1162: 3733:, pp. 218–219: "As to haplogroup R1a1 among the modern-day Uzbeks and Xinjiang Uighurs, the extent to which it originated from the Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists and from the Turkic and Turkicized Inner Asian nomadic groups, respectively, remains open to speculation." ... "The modern Uzbeks, who also descend from the ancient Indo-European (Iranic) populations and various Inner Asian nomadic peoples (Golden 1992: 407), including the Shibanid Uzbeks, exhibit a set of haplogroups similar to those of the Xinjiang Uighurs: R1a1 (17.6~32%), J (5.9~21.4%), C2 (7~18%, 41.2%), O3 (0~12%) and N (0~5.9%)." 2603: 1814: 2681: 3709:, p. 219: "See Wells et al. (2001: 10245, table 1: M17, M130, M46, M172, M175 and 122, and M48 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, C2, N1c1, J, O, and C2b1b1, respectively); Zerjal et al. (2002: 474, table 3: haplogroups 3, 9, 10, 13, 16, and 36 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, J, C2, O3, N1c1, and C2b1b1, respectively); Haber et al. (2012: table S4). According to another recent survey, the Uzbeks of Afghanistan exhibit R1a1 (29%), J (18%), Q (8.6%), C (4%), N (4%), R1b1a1a1 (3%), R2 (3%) and O (2.3%): see Di Cristofaro et al. (2013: figure S7). 1305:, which was completed in the 8th century AD, brought to the region a new religion that continues to be dominant. The Arabs first invaded Mawarannahr in the middle of the 7th century through sporadic raids during their conquest of Persia. Available sources on the Arab conquest suggest that the Soghdians and other Iranian peoples of Central Asia were unable to defend their land against the Arabs because of internal divisions and the lack of strong indigenous leadership. The Arabs, on the other hand, were led by a brilliant general, 1895:. The Pashtuns battled and conquered the Uzbeks and forced them into a state of subjugation and discrimination. Out of anti-Russian strategic interests, the British assisted the Afghan conquest of the Uzbek Khanates. The British gave weapons to the Afghans and backed the Afghan colonization of northern Afghanistan, which involved sending a huge number of Pashtun colonists onto Uzbek land. Furthermore, British literature from the period demonized the Uzbeks. Soviet-era arrivals in Afghanistan from Uzbekistan are referred to as 1275: 2595: 1908: 883: 5479: 1055: 1313:, the official beginning of which was in AD 622. Because of these factors, the population of Mawarannahr was easily subdued. The new religion brought by the Arabs spread gradually into the region. The native religious identities, which in some respects were already being displaced by Persian influences before the Arabs arrived, were further displaced in the ensuing centuries. Nevertheless, the destiny of Central Asia as an Islamic region was firmly established by the Arab victory over the Chinese armies in 750 in a 2096: 2187: 344: 5463: 1153: 308: 271: 7742: 198: 2776: 2539: 252: 234: 216: 180: 2141:(Arabic: السيد قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني) was born in Fergana valley's Andijan city in Turkestan (Central Asia). He went to British India was educated at Darul Uloom Deoband, and then returned to Turkestan where he preached against Communist Russian rule. He then fled to Afghanistan, then to British India and then to Hijaz where he continued his education in Mecca and Medina and wrote several works on Islam and engaged in anti-Soviet activities. 1998: 326: 2123: 1751: 36: 290: 94: 988:, a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 17-32% among Uzbek men, making it the predominant Y-DNA lineage among Uzbeks. It is unclear if this haplogroup in Uzbeks came from local Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists, or if it originates from Turkic migrants, because despite being considered a diagnostic Indo-Iranian haplogroup, it occurs at a high frequency among Turkic males from Siberia. 3852:: "...Salvatori has often dated its beginning very early (ca. 2400 BC), to make it match with Shahdad where a large amount of material similar to that of the BMAC has been discovered. With the start of international cooperation and the multiplication of analyses, the dates now admitted by all place the Oxus Civilization between 2250 and 1700 BC, while its final phase extends until ca. 1500 BC..." 2354:, Danghut, Shagird, Pesha, Tushlub, Onli, Biyat, Ozlaji, Joslayi, Tuwadiq, Ghariband Jit. For the semi-nomadic tribes of these khanates, belonging to the "92 tribes" meant in certain cases a privileged position and a higher socio-economic status. In certain cases, the term "92 Uzbek tribes" was used with a political meaning to legitimize the ruling Uzbek dynasties of the Manghyts and Mings. 3538:". In contrast, populations closer to the SSM area (Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uygurs, and also Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region) still demonstrated a statistically significant excess of IBD sharing. This spatial pattern can be partly explained by a relative rarity of longer IBD tracts compared to shorter ones and recurrent gene flow events into populations closer to the SSM area." 2618:– wide, light, light trousers narrowing in the lower parts. The long, loose tunic has wide sleeves, reaching down to the wrists. The loose-cut pants, are made to match the tunic, and thus are usually made of the same fabric, or one completely to the tunic. The bottom of the pants is gathered and decorated with embroidered braid. The coats, are in many ways similar to the 1648: 2967: 2672:, gained track, and in the 20s and early 30s, public abandonments and burnings of veiles were encouraged. The result was a conservative pushback, however in the following years, with the increased participation of women in the workplace, and their gradual liberation, veils were phased out of the common use by women throughout the country. 1004:, an East Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 4–18% among Uzbek men. In one sample from Afghanistan, 41.2% of Uzbek men carried this haplogroup. Lee & Kuang posit that the males in this sample are descended from the nomadic Uzbeks of the Qipchaq steppe. It is likely that haplogroup C2 was brought to the middle east by Turkic or 2960: 1543:(1040–1068), for the first time erected a madrasah in Samarkand with state funds and supported the development of culture in the region. One of the famous scholars was the historian Majid ad-din al-Surkhakati, who in Samarkand wrote the "History of Turkestan", which outlined the history of the Karakhanid dynasty. 2358: 3608:

Dai, Shan-Shan; Sulaiman, Xierzhatijiang; Isakova, Jainagul; Xu, Wei-Fang; Abdulloevich, Najmudinov Tojiddin; Afanasevna, Manilova Elena; Ibrohimovich, Khudoidodov Behruz; Chen, Xi; Yang, Wei-Kang; Wang, Ming-Shan; Shen, Quan-Kuan; Yang, Xing-Yan; Yao, Yong-Gang; Aldashev, Almaz A; Saidov, Abdusattor

2696:

in Russian, is worn by both males and females. They are made of either velvet or wool and embroidered with silk or silver threads. The design varies for males and females, with the variant worn by females, being more colorful and decorated with beads, while the male variant is usually black with four

2226:

of their home city in Uzbekistan, such as Al Bukhari from Bukhara, Al Samarqandi from Samarkand, Al Tashkandi from Tashkent, Al Andijani from Andijan, Al Kokandi from Kokand, Al Turkistani from Turkistan. Bukhari and Turkistani were labels for all the Uzbeks in general while specific names for Uzbeks

1801:

Shaybani Khan wrote poetry under the pseudonym "Shibani". A collection of poems by Shaybani Khan, written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language, is currently kept in the Topkapi manuscript collection in Istanbul. The manuscript of his philosophical and religious work: "Bahr ul-Khudo", written

2082:

traditions. In the late 1980s, the liberalized atmosphere of the Soviet Union under Mikhail S. Gorbachev (in power 1985–91) fostered political opposition groups and open (albeit limited) opposition to Soviet policy in Uzbekistan. In 1989, a series of violent ethnic clashes, involving Uzbeks, brought

1324:

Despite brief Arab rule, Central Asia successfully retained much of its Iranian characteristic, remaining an important center of culture and trade for centuries after the adoption of the new religion. Mawarannahr continued to be an important political player in regional affairs, as it had been under

1230:

Turkic names and titles are found in Bactrian documents of the 7th–8th centuries: kagan, tapaglig eltabir, tarkhan, tudun, the names Kutlug Tapaglig Bilga savuk, Kara-tongi, Tongaspar, Turkic ethnic names: halach, Turk. During the excavations of the Sogdian Penjikent, a fragment of a draft letter in

938:

The western ancestry of Uzbeks includes a Caucasus component (~35–40%), and a (Northern) European component (~5–20%), the Uzbeks eastern ancestry includes an Eastern Asian component (~35%), and a (Central and East) Siberian component (~5–20%). The best proxy for their western ancestry are modern day

2230:

Shami Domullah introduced Salafism to Soviet Central Asia. Mosques in Uzbekistan are funded by Saudi-based Uzbeks. Saudis have tried to propagate their version of Islam into Uzbekistan following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Saudi Arabia's "Bukharian brethren" were led by Nuriddin al-Bukhari as

1535:

According to Peter Golden, the Karakhanid state was one of the first Turkic-Islamic states. The Islamization of the Karakhanids and their Turkic subjects played an important role in the cultural development of the Turkic culture. In the late 10th–early 11th century for the first time in the history

3548:

Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia

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is usually of knee length, and includes different elements in various regions of the country. The botton of the sleeves, center edges, hem and neckline of the coat ate sown with a decorative braid, which was believed to protect from "evil powers". In the past, wearing two or more coats at the same

2221:

Uzbek exiles in Saudi Arabia from Soviet ruled Central Asia also adopted the identity "Turkistani". A lot of them are also called "Bukhari". A number of Saudi "Uzbeks" do not consider themselves as Uzbek and instead consider themselves as Muslim Turkestanis. Many Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia adopted the

2200:

are an ethnic group native to Kyrgyzstan. In Kyrgyzstan, Uzbeks are the largest minority group, comprising about 15% of the population. They have a long history in the region and have played a significant role in the culture and economy of Kyrgyzstan. Many Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan live in the southern

2645:

In the past, color of the costume was an important signal of a person's age or social status. Notably, red and pink were common for girls and young women, whereas middle-aged women wore shades of light blue and gray. White however, was appropriate for all ages, especially the elderly, and is used

1687:

Timur initiated the last flowering of Mawarannahr by gathering in his capital, Samarkand, numerous artisans and scholars from the lands he had conquered. By supporting such people, Timur imbued his empire with a very rich Perso-Islamic culture. During Timur's reign and the reigns of his immediate

1566:

to the western sections of Transoxiana in the 11th century. The Seljuk Empire then split into states ruled by various local Turkic and Iranian rulers. The culture and intellectual life of the region continued unaffected by such political changes, however. Turkic tribes from the north continued to

1083:

nomads arrived from the northern grasslands of what is now Uzbekistan sometime in the first millennium BC. These nomads, who spoke Iranian dialects, settled in Central Asia and began to build an extensive irrigation system along the rivers of the region. At this time, cities such as Bukhara and

720:

Since the entry of Central Asia into the Turkic Khaganate (6th century), the process of Turkicization has intensified. In subsequent centuries, the main ethnocultural process that took place on the territory of the Central Asian interfluve was the convergence and partial merging of the settled,

1832:

The term "92 Uzbek tribes", which appeared in the fifteenth-century Dasht-i Qipchaq, began to be used with a variety of meanings in the following centuries depending on the political and cultural context. Near the end of the 16th century, the Uzbek states of Bukhara and Khorazm began to weaken

1336:

During the height of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 8th and 9th centuries, Central Asia and Mawarannahr experienced a truly golden age. Bukhara became one of the leading centers of learning, culture, and art in the Muslim world, its magnificence rivaling contemporaneous cultural centers such as

2661:, on all occasions in public. The designs were varied, some adhering to one or two basic colors in their designs, while others included colored floral or geometrical elements, with the face-lid, usually being made of black fabric. The face-lid could be lifted back, for ease of communication. 1840:

Another factor contributing to the weakness of the Uzbek khanates in this period was the general decline of trade moving through the region. This change had begun in the previous century when ocean trade routes were established from Europe to India and China, circumventing the Silk Route. As

2469:, while Uzbeks in Afghanistan and other countries to the south have remained more conservative adherents of Islam. However, with Uzbek independence in 1991 came an Islamic revival amongst segments of the population. People living in the area of modern Uzbekistan were first converted to 1926:

In the 19th century, Russian interest in the area increased greatly, sparked by nominal concern over British designs on Central Asia; by anger over the situation of Russian citizens held as slaves; and by the desire to control the trade in the region and to establish a secure source of

1946:

began to send military forces against the Central Asian khanates. Three major population centers of the khanates—Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarkand—were captured in 1865, 1867, and 1868, respectively. In 1868 the Khanate of Bukhara signed a treaty with Russia making Bukhara a Russian

3748:, pp. 218–219: "Haplogroup J is a patrilineal lineage originating in the Middle East and probably reached Central Asia with Neolithic farmers from the Middle East. Haplogroups O3, C2, and N were in all likelihood brought to Transoxiana by various Turkic and Mongolic peoples." 1612:

The Mongol invasion of Central Asia is one of the turning points in the history of the region. The Mongols had such a lasting impact because they established the tradition that the legitimate ruler of any Central Asian state could only be a blood descendant of Genghis Khan.

1954:

By 1876, Russia had incorporated all three khanates (hence all of present-day Uzbekistan) into its empire, granting the khanates limited autonomy. In the second half of the 19th century, the Russian population of Uzbekistan grew and some industrialization occurred. The

1129:

With the arrival of the Greeks, writing based on the Greek alphabet began to spread on the territory of Bactria and Sogdiana. As a result of archaeological research on the territory of Sogdiana and Bactria, fragments of pottery with Greek inscriptions have been found.

3889:

Zadneprovskiy, Y. A. (1 January 1994). "The Nomads of Northern Central Asia After The Invasion of Alexander". In Harmatta, János(ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250.UNESCO. pp.

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infiltration into Central Asia had started early, and the influence of the Turkic tribes was felt in Khwarazm before the campaigns of the Mongols, after the beginning of the Chingizid rule, bilingualism became more common. It is generally believed that these ancient

1809:

was a very educated person, he skillfully recited the Koran and provided it with commentaries in the Turkic language. Ubaydulla himself wrote poetry in Turkic, Persian and Arabic under the literary pseudonym Ubaydiy. A collection of his poems has reached us.

1714:

Timur's grandson Iskandar Sultan had a court that included a group of poets, for example, Mir Khaidar, whom Iskandar encouraged to write poetry in the Turkic language. Thanks to the patronage of Iskandar Sultan, the Turkic poem "Gul and Navruz" was written.

640:, notes that one of the leaders of Bursuk's troops in 1115–1116 was the "emir of the troops" Uzbek, the ruler of Mosul. According to Rashid ad-din, the last representative of the Oghuz dynasty of Ildegizids who ruled in Tabriz was Uzbek Muzaffar 1210–1225. 2103:

When the Supreme Soviet of Uzbekistan reluctantly approved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Karimov became president of the Republic of Uzbekistan. On August 31, 1991, Uzbekistan declared independence, marking September 1 as a national holiday.

2571:. The band is viewed as an important accessory, and can be made of fine fabrics and silks, decorated with intricate silver embroidery, and fitted with little bags for tobacco and keys. Traditionally, a hand crafted knife is placed in the band, known as 1663:(Tamerlane), emerged from these struggles in the 1380s as the dominant force in Mawarannahr. Although he was not a descendant of Genghis, Timur became the de facto ruler of Mawarannahr and proceeded to conquer all of western Central Asia, Iran, the 1856:

The Uzbeks' struggle with Iran also led to the cultural isolation of Central Asia from the rest of the Islamic world. In addition to these problems, the struggle with the nomads from the northern steppe continued. In the 17th and 18th centuries,

1546:

The most striking monument of the Karakhanid era in Samarkand was the palace of Ibrahim ibn Hussein (1178–1202), which was built in the citadel in the 12th century, where fragments of monumental painting depicting a Turkic ruler were discovered.

5156: 3880: : "The Oxus Civilization, also named the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (or Culture) (BMAC), developed in southern Central Asia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age and lasted for about half a millennium (ca. 2250–1700 BC)..." 910:

that finally shaped the Turkic language and identity of modern Uzbeks, while the unique grammatical and phonetical features of the Uzbek language as well as the modern Uzbek culture reflect the more ancient Iranian roots of the Uzbek people.

1226:

In the Western Turkic Khaganate, in addition to various Turkic tribes, there were Iranian nomadic elements, which were gradually assimilated by the Turks. The urban population of Sogd, Khwarazm, Bactria was in close contact with the Turks.

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Karev, Yuri. "Un cycle de peintures murales d'époque qarakhanide (XIIe-XIIIe siècles) à la citadelle de Samarkand: le souverain et le peintre." Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 147, no. 4 (2003):

1833:

because of their endless wars against each other and the Persians and because of strong competition for the throne among the khans in power and their heirs. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Shaybanid dynasty was replaced by the

1254: 1107:, daughter of a local Bactrian chieftain. The conquest was supposedly of little help to Alexander as popular resistance was fierce, causing Alexander's army to be bogged down in the region that became the northern part of Hellenistic 3392:

Richard H. Rowland, Richard N. Frye, C. Edmund Bosworth, Bertold Spuler, Robert D. McChesney, Yuri Bregel, Abbas Amanat, Edward Allworth, Peter B. Golden, Robert D. McChesney, Ian Matley, Ivan M. Steblin-Kamenskij, Gerhard Doerfer,

4893: 3760:, p. 219: "This high frequency of C2 is found among an Uzbek group residing in Afghanistan. We are inclined to think that this group is descended from the nomadic Uzbeks from the Qipchaq Steppe (Haber et al. 2012: table S4)." 4579: 2697:

arches of pepper, which are believed to keep "evil and enemies" abay. The exception to this are the southern regions of Uzbekistan, where a more round and colorful cap is worn by both males and females. In the western region of

3229:

A. H. Keane, A. Hingston Quiggin, A. C. Haddon, Man: Past and Present, p.312, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Google Books, quoted: "Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, Prince Uz (beg in Turki=a chief, or hereditary

1658:

In the early 14th century, however, as the empire began to break up into its constituent parts, the Chaghatai territory also was disrupted as the princes of various tribal groups competed for influence. One tribal chieftain,

1497:. Introduced mainly as slave soldiers to the Samanid dynasty, these Turks served in the armies of all the states of the region, including the Abbasid army. In the late 10th century, as the Samanids began to lose control of 1474:, a letter urging him to fight Amr-i Laith and the Saffarids whom the caliph considered usurpers. According to the letter, the caliph stated that he prayed for Ismail who the caliph considered as the rightful ruler of 3908:

Grenet Frantz, Regional interaction in Central Asia and northwest India in the Kidarite and Hephtalites periods in Indo-Iranian languages and peoples. Edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. Oxford university press, 2003.

1481:

Since the 9th century, the Turkization of the population of the Central Asian interfluve has been increasing. At this time, a military system was created, in which the influence of the Turkic military was strong.

1596:, Transoxiana continued to be prosperous and rich while maintaining the region's Perso-Islamic identity. However, a new incursion of nomads from the north soon changed this situation. This time the invader was 3183:

Genetically, the Hazara are a mixture of western Eurasian and eastern Eurasian components. Genetic research suggests that the Hazaras of Afghanistan cluster closely with the Uzbek population of the country.

5964: 6057:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 515–532.

2302:, Qanghli, Kenigas, Durman, Darghut, Shoran, Shurin, Toma, Bahrin, Giray, Aghrikur, Anghit, Barkut, Tubin, Sart, Romdan, Matin, Busa, Yojqar, Qilwa, Dojar, Jurat, Qurlat, Mehdi, Kilaj, Sakhtiyon, Qirgh, 1223:

The First Turkic Khaganate and migration of the population played a large role in the formation of a sedentary Turkic population in the territory of the oases of Central Asia in the 6th–8th centuries.

1861:

nomads and Mongols continually raided the Uzbek khanates, causing widespread damage and disruption. In the beginning of the 18th century, the Khanate of Bukhara lost the fertile Fergana region, and a

5160: 2073: 2642:. Textile patterns are brightly colored in the shades of yellow, blue, green, violet, and orange, and often include up to six or seven different colors in various floral and/or geometrical designs. 5553:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 515

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brought many cronies and relatives into positions of power. In the mid-1980s, Moscow attempted to regain control by again purging the entire Uzbek party leadership. However, this move increased

4372:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, p.515

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The Timurids supported the development of literature in the Turkic language. In 1398, Timur's son Miranshah ordered to draw up an official document in the Turkic language in the Uyghur script.

1688:

descendants, a wide range of religious and palatial construction projects were undertaken in Samarkand and other population centers. Timur also patronized scientists and artists; his grandson

1624:

networks in the region suffered extensive damage that was not repaired for several generations. Many Iranian-speaking populations were forced to flee southwards in order to avoid persecution.

1329:, which ruled the Arab world for five centuries beginning in 750, was established thanks in great part to assistance from Central Asian supporters in their struggle against the then-ruling 4889: 4408: 5649: 4571: 3467:

Quellen der klassischen Musiktradition Mittelasiens: Die usbekisch-tadshikischen maqom-Zyklen und ihre Beziehung zu anderen regionalen maqam-Traditionen im Vorderen and Mittleren Orient

1137:, Bukhara and Samarkand eventually became extremely wealthy cities, and at times Mawarannahr (Transoxiana) was one of the most influential and powerful Persian provinces of antiquity. 3488:

Villems, Richard; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Kivisild, Toomas; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Voevoda, Mikhail; Osipova, Ludmila; Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Damba, Larisa (2015-04-21).

1245:

The Turkic population of certain regions of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages had their own urban culture and used the proper Turkic terms, for example, baliq, which meant city.

1585:

In the late 12th century, a Turkic leader of Khorazm, which is the region south of the Aral Sea, united Khorazm, Transoxiana, and Iran under his rule. Under the rule of the Khorazm

1558:(also spelled Khorezm and Khwarazm). The Seljuks also defeated the Qarakhanids, but did not annex their territories outright. Instead they made the Qarakhanids a vassal state. The 1501:(Mawarannahr) and northeastern Iran, some of these soldiers came to positions of power in the government of the region, and eventually established their own states, albeit highly 4868: 1758:

By 1510, the Uzbeks had completed their conquest of Central Asia, including the territory of the present-day Uzbekistan. Of the states they established, the most powerful, the

1356:

continued its preeminent role in the region as the language of literature and government. The rulers of the eastern section of Iran and of Mawarannahr were Persians. Under the

4167:

Golden, Peter B. "An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples." Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East (1992): 228.

3349:

Golden, Peter B. "An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples." Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East (1992): 134.

1966: 1639:, the second son of Genghis. Orderly succession, prosperity, and internal peace prevailed in the Chaghatai lands, and the Mongol Empire as a whole remained strong and united. 7799: 3837: 3070: 1035:

In Khorzem and Qashkadarya, a majority of Uzbeks belong to West Eurasian maternal haplogroups, while considerably fewer belong to East Eurasian and South Asian haplogroups.

5717: 4354:

A.J.E.Bodrogligeti, «Muhammad Shaybanî's Bahru'l-huda : An Early Sixteenth Century Didactic Qasida in Chagatay», Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, vol.54 (1982), p. 1 and n.4

2411:, the government decided to replace the Cyrillic script with a modified Latin alphabet, specifically for Turkic languages. Historically, the nomadic Uzbeks who founded the 5864: 5544:

Firdaws al-iqbal. History of Khorezm by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirab Aghahi. Translated from Chaghatay and annotated by Yuri Bregel. Brill, 1999,р.55

1372:

The Samanids were a Persian state that reigned for 180 years, encompassing a vast territoriy stretching from Central Asia to West Asia. The Samanids were descendants of

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Baratova L.S. Drevnetyurkskiye monety Sredney Azii VI-IX vv. (tipologiya, ikonografiya, istoricheskaya interpretatsiya). Avtoref. diss. kand. ist. nauk. Tashkent, 1995

5229: 5055: 5203: 4931: 4500: 1532:, who took the Samanid capital Bukhara in 999 AD, and ruled Transoxiana for the next two centuries. Samarkand was made the capital of the Western Qarakhanid state. 5960: 5741: 5374: 4842: 2939: 1070:, there was a Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex, which has recently been dated to c. 2250–1700 BC. That name is the modern archaeological designation for a 4446: 1627:

Following the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, his empire was divided among his four sons and his family members. Despite the potential for serious fragmentation,

1455:

who overthrew the Saffarids and the Zaydites of Tabaristan, thus establishing a semiautonomous rule over Transoxania and Khorasan, with Bukhara as his capital.

7562: 996:, a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 5.9–21.4% in Uzbek males. This haplogroup has been present in the Middle East for tens of thousands of years. 5908: 4744: 1274: 115: 9314: 9170: 8948: 7401: 4118:

Bregel Yuri, Turko-Mongol influences in Central Asia in Turco-Persia in Historical Perspective Edited by R. Canfield (Cambridge University Press), 1991, p.56

2343: 5506: 3143: 1951:. Khiva became a Russian protectorate in 1873, and the Khanat of Kokand finally was incorporated into the Russian Empire, also as a protectorate, in 1876. 2347: 2311: 2068: 5589: 4469: 4381:

Bregel, Yuri. "The New Uzbek States: Bukhara, Khiva and Khoqand: c. 1750–1886." The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age (2009): 392–411.

2984: 1204: 7368:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former 5403: 2351: 1935:

prevented cotton delivery from Russia's primary supplier, the southern United States, Central Asian cotton assumed much greater importance for Russia.

1718:

The Timurid state quickly broke into two halves after the death of Timur. The chronic internal fighting of the Timurids attracted the attention of the

1248:

The Turks had a great influence in the development of the armament of the Sogdians. The Turks are depicted in the wall paintings of ancient Samarkand.

3862: 3156:"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 4955: 46: 2578:

Shirts are white and wide, made of cotton, and usually worn underneath the coat. Some of them have patterns on the sleeves and the neckline, called

1485:

In the 9th century, the continued influx of nomads from the northern steppes brought a new group of people into Central Asia. These people were the

7777: 4185:

Introduction to The Jawami u'l-hikayat wa Lawami'ur-riwayat of Sadidu'u-din Muhammad al-Awfi by Muhammad Nizamu'd-din. London: Luzac & Co, 1929

4000:

Marshak Boris. Legends, tales and fables in the art of Sogdiana with an appendix by V.A. Livshits. New York: Bibliotheca persica press, 2002. Р.168

3337:

Etienne de la Vaissiere, Is there a „Nationality of the Hephtalites?" in Bulletin of the Asia institute. New series. Volume 17. 2003. , p. 129—130

2133:

Dissident Islamist and anti-Soviet Central Asians fled to Afghanistan, British India, and to the Hijaz in Saudi Arabia. The last Emir of Bukhara

756:

was the first Turkic ruler to convert to Islam, most people of Central Asia soon followed. In the 12th century, Transoxiana was conquered by the

5252: 4392: 2138: 5637: 2889: 1984: 1723: 874: 3045: 2249:. Due to aid requirements for refugees, repatriation of camp dwellers took place. In the 1800s, Konya's north Bogrudelik was settled by Tatar 1790:, for the rich far-eastern territory of present-day Iran. The struggle with the Safavids also had a religious aspect, because the Uzbeks were 1427:

The Samanid Empire was the first native Persian dynasty to arise after the Muslim Arab conquest. The four grandsons of the dynasty's founder,

3936: 764:

dynasty, they brought to Central Asia the Chinese system of government. In the 13th century, Kara-Khanid Khanate was destroyed by the Turkic

3991:

Sims-Williams Nicholas, Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan. I. Legal and economic documents. London: Oxford university press, 2000

3425:

A. H. Nauta, "Der Lautwandel von a > o and von a > ä in der özbekischen Schriftsprache," Central Asiatic Journal 16, 1972, pp. 104–18.

1635:

maintained orderly succession for several more generations, and control of most of Mawarannahr stayed in the hands of direct descendants of

2834: 2805: 780:

peoples were linguistically assimilated by smaller but dominant Turkic-speaking groups while the sedentary population finally adopted the

4109:

The book of government, or, Rules for kings: the Siyar al-Muluk, or, Siyasat-nama of Nizam al-Mulk, Niẓām al-Mulk, Hubert Darke, pg.18–19

3971: 2048:. For some time, these 101 victims were not identified, apart from the fact that they were Soviets, until an investigation by journalist 4317: 3409: 7555: 5620: 5285: 4986: 3111: 3027: 2295: 752:, their arrival in Transoxiana signalled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia. The Kara-Khanid ruler 5807: 4864: 4265:

Matsui, Dai, Ryoko WATABE, and Hiroshi Ono. «A Turkic-Persian Decree of Timurid Mīrān Šāh of 800 AH/1398 CE.» Orient 50 (2015): 53–75.

954:

A study on modern Central Asians comparing them to ancient historical samples found that Uzbeks can be modeled as 48.8–65.1% Iron Age

102: 9163: 8941: 7394: 3208: 2586:, are loosely cut, but narrow to the bottom, and are tucked into soft leather boots with pointed toes, for the ease of horse riding. 1726:

who were living to the north of the Aral Sea. In 1501, the Uzbeks began a wholesale invasion of Mawarannahr. Under the leadership of

4709: 4279: 6116: 4363:

B. V. Norik, Rol shibanidskikh praviteley v literaturnoy zhizni Maverannakhra XVI v. // Rakhmat-name. Sankt Petersburg, 2008, p.230

3834: 3188: 2342:, Fuladchi, Jalot Uljin or Olchin, Chimbay, Tilab, Mochar or Majar, Ojinbay, Badoy, Kelchi, Ilaj, Jebirgan, Botiya, Timan, Yankuz, 2323: 4539: 1582:

Turkic words and terms characteristic of the literature of the 11th century are used in the modern Bukhara dialect of the Uzbeks.

5829: 5782: 5856: 5157:"Special: Dangerous Preaching: The Role of Religious Leaders in the Rise of Radical Islam in Central Asia. By Nurbek Bekmurzaev" 9324: 9309: 5742:Итоги национальной переписи населения 2009 года. Национальный состав, вероисповедание и владения языками в Республике Казахстан 4603: 3090: 1352:

As the Abbasid Caliphate began to weaken and local Islamic Iranian states emerged as the rulers of Iran and Central Asia, the

9289: 7548: 5473: 5435: 5368: 5197: 5140: 5049: 5011: 5001: 4925: 4440: 4402: 4311: 3930: 3668:"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples" 1349:. Some of the greatest historians, scientists, and geographers in the history of Islamic culture were natives of the region. 5441: 4228:

Kilichev E. R., Vostochno-tyurkskiy yazyk XI veka i leksika bukharskogo govora // Sovetskaya tyurkologiya, 1975, No. 6, p.87

2935: 2227:

from different places were Farghani, Marghilani, Namangani, and Kokandi. Kokandi was used to refer to Uzbeks from Ferghana.

2060:

said that, despite having seeing them once as a teenager, he would recall the soldiers' faces, whenever he closed his eyes.

1032:

belong to East Eurasian and South Asian maternal haplogroups, while considerably fewer belong to West Eurasian haplogroups.

9304: 9299: 9294: 9284: 9156: 8934: 7770: 7387: 5535:

Allworth Edward, The modern Uzbeks from the fourteenth century to the present: a cultural history, Hoover Press, 1990, p.74

5225: 5039: 3121: 2914: 4627: 1896: 9179: 8905: 5934: 5187: 4915: 4508: 1133:

In 2nd century BC China began to develop its silk trade with the West. Because of this trade on what became known as the

906:. The position of Chagatai (and later Uzbek) was further strengthened after the fall of the Timurids and the rise of the 5358: 4838: 3172:

The Uighurs, too, are Turkic Muslims, linguistically and culturally more closely related to the Uzbeks than the Kazakhs.

2564:

time, both in winter and summer, was seen as a status symbol, and indicated a certain level of prestige for the family.

1988: 5912: 4153: 3112:"ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS" 1022: 4430: 3478:

T. Levin, The Music and Tradition of the Bukharan Shashmaqam in Soviet Uzbekistan, Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton, 1984

1567:

migrate into the region during this period. The power of the Seljuks however became diminished when the Seljuk Sultan

1512:, established in the last years of the 10th century. The Ghaznavid state, which captured Samanid domains south of the 9077: 7620: 5762: 5688: 4776: 4214: 3310: 3303:

Qazaqlïq, or Ambitious Brigandage, and the Formation of the Qazaqs: State and Identity in Post-Mongol Central Eurasia

3285: 975: 75: 2860: 1674: 9329: 9136: 8915: 4733: 4648: 1700:

in its own right in Mawarannahr, although the Timurids were Persianate in nature. The greatest Chaghataid writer,

1692:

was one of the world's first great astronomers. It was during the Timurid dynasty that Turkic, in the form of the

1505:. With the emergence of a Turkic ruling group in the region, other Turkic tribes began to migrate to Transoxiana. 9334: 9279: 8957: 7763: 6395: 5500: 2744: 1617: 862: 858: 4802: 2522:

survives today and is followed by 7,000 people in Uzbekistan. According to 2009 national census 1,673 Uzbeks in

9339: 7786: 1295: 5596: 5081: 2078:, which had long resented Soviet policies such as the imposition of cotton monoculture and the suppression of 5314: 4824: 3667: 2988: 2231:

of 1990. Official figures have placed anywhere between 400 thousand to 800 thousand Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia.

1980: 1841:

European-dominated ocean transport expanded and some trading centers were destroyed, cities such as Bukhara,

5397: 9126: 9062: 8818: 7665: 7571: 6930: 6109: 2754: 1190: 558: 5755:

Russia's Islam and Orthodoxy beyond the Institutions: Languages of Conversion, Competition and Convergence

4962: 2936:""Statistical Yearbook of the Kyrgyz Republic – Publications Archive – Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic"" 7410: 5887: 5183: 3116: 2668:, a movement to liberate women from the "patrarchal" and "outdated" practice of wearing veils, known as 2223: 1234:

The Turkic population of the Fergana Valley had their own runic writing. The Turkic rulers of Ferghana,

1161: 9131: 9052: 7439: 6996: 5526:Султанов Т. Кочевые племена Приаралья в XV—XVII вв.// Вопросы этнической и социальной истории. М., 1982 4061:

Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, pg.31, By Minhāj Sirāj Jūzjānī

2766: 2705:, men, also wear a traditional fur hat, made out of sheepskin in predominantly white and black colors. 1381: 729: 20: 3006: 9212: 9047: 7723: 7434: 6050: 4550: 2614:

The female version of the attire consists of a traditional robe, functional dress made of satin, and

2442: 2021: 5343: 5256: 5109: 3835:"Questioning the Oxus Civilization or Bactria- Margiana Archaeological Culture (BMAC): an overview" 2881: 9057: 9014: 8880: 8199: 7713: 7328: 7287: 6455: 3041: 1943: 1719: 869: 791: 753: 19:

This article is about Uzbeks as an ethnic group. For information about citizens of Uzbekistan, see

4144:

Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "Chapter 6: The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M. S.; Bosworth, C. E. (eds.),

4027:

Bartol'd V.V. Raboty po istoricheskoy geografii. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2002. pp.360–363.

3920: 2117: 1911:

The Defence of the Samarkand Citadel in 1868. From the Russian Illustrated Magazine "Niva" (1872).

9107: 8743: 8098: 7728: 7655: 7484: 6495: 6420: 6184: 6177: 6102: 4890:"CPC | Central Asian Labor Migration: Exploring New Destinations Amid Geopolitical Tensions" 4677: 2318:, Qalon, Ushin, Ormaq, Chubi, Lechi, Qari, Moghul, Hafiz dad Kaln, Belad Bustan, Quchi Qetaghon, 1932: 1593: 1536:

of the Turkic peoples, Tafsir (commentary on the Koran) was translated into the Turkic language.

777: 107: 2826: 2801: 2113: 1762:, centered on the city of Bukhara. The khanate controlled Mawarannahr, especially the region of 717:, has a Bactrian inscription containing the title of the ruler: "Oglar Khun", of Turkic origin. 9247: 9004: 8731: 8459: 8169: 7877: 7807: 7718: 7489: 7318: 5574: 3363:. Vol. III/1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. pp. 613–24. 0-521-24693-8. 1462:

was not formally recognized by the caliph until the early 10th century when the Saffarid ruler

1108: 1044: 703: 4100:

The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana By Sheila S. Blair, pg. 27

3959: 3776: 9227: 9207: 9019: 8471: 7848: 6974: 6269: 5330: 5096: 4301: 3406: 3402: 2759: 1813: 1216: 5278: 2559:, which is usually made from a variety of colorful stripes, or other types of patterns. The 1478:. The letter had a profound effect on Ismail, as he was determined to oppose the Saffarids. 9072: 9009: 8910: 8885: 8183: 7511: 7469: 7444: 7313: 6650: 6274: 6154: 5803: 5505:. Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie. 2006. p. 174. 2197: 2181: 2053: 2009: 1084:

Samarkand began to appear as centers of government and culture. By the 5th century BC, the

992: 721:

Iranian-speaking and Turkic-speaking, with the nomadic, mainly Turkic-speaking population.

680: 3204: 2802:"Permanent population by national and / Or ethnic group, urban / Rural place of residence" 1554:

led themselves into the western part of the region, conquering the Ghaznavid territory of

1231:

the Sogdian language was discovered, in the text of which there is a Turkic name Turkash

1111:. For many centuries the region of Uzbekistan was ruled by Persian empires, including the 8: 9237: 9112: 9097: 9087: 8852: 7516: 7474: 7177: 6465: 6200: 5680: 5645: 5311:"Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in Changing World Order" 4547: 4082:

Iran and America: Re-Kinding a Love Lost By Badi Badiozamani, Ghazal Badiozamani, pg. 123

3072:

Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in a Changing World Order

2734: 2438: 2424: 1992: 1778:

at the mouth of the Amu Darya. The Khanate of Bukhara was initially led by the energetic

1559: 1463: 1306: 919:

Uzbeks share a large portion of their ancestry with nearby Turkic populations, including

749: 733: 6019: 3185: 1384:. In governing their territory, the Samanids modeled their state organization after the 632:

The personal name "Uzbek" is found in Arabic and Persian historical writings. Historian

9222: 8999: 8781: 8751: 8667: 8245: 8177: 7746: 7449: 6858: 6660: 6570: 6470: 6043:

A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia

6040: 5003:

Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States

4536: 4470:"From 'Slavers' to 'Warlords': Descriptions of Afghanistan's Uzbeks in western writing" 3812: 3643: 3585: 3550: 3524: 3489: 2749: 2650: 2602: 2437:

school, but variations exist between northern and southern Uzbeks. According to a 2009

2254: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2134: 1786:. The Shaybanids initially competed against Iran for a few years, which was led by the 1759: 1739: 1701: 1589: 1502: 1122:

In the first centuries, the northern territories of modern Uzbekistan were part of the

765: 699: 546: 485:, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority 5833: 5778: 5578:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 1999. 8813: 8774: 8756: 7981: 7816: 7016: 6915: 6376: 6234: 5758: 5684: 5614: 5469: 5431: 5364: 5193: 5136: 5045: 5007: 4980: 4921: 4698: 4436: 4398: 4307: 4275: 4210: 4149: 3926: 3829: 3827: 3804: 3796: 3689: 3648: 3630: 3590: 3572: 3529: 3511: 3306: 3281: 3137: 3021: 2780: 2567:

The coat, or the shirt worn underneath, is tied with a folded handlerchief or a band

2508: 1960: 1862: 1783: 1727: 1697: 1693: 1330: 1326: 1000: 963: 907: 899: 688: 633: 4600: 4205:

Golden, Peter. B. (1990), "The Karakhanids and Early Islam", in Sinor, Denis (ed.),

2461:

came to practice religion with a more liberal interpretation due to the movement of

1431:, had been rewarded with provinces for their faithful service to the Abbasid caliph 1346: 643:

The name Uzbek seems to have become widely adopted as an ethnonym under the rule of

8831: 8808: 8761: 8678: 8589: 8356: 8346: 8290: 8279: 7964: 7928: 7836: 7323: 6969: 6816: 6685: 6617: 6546: 6490: 6475: 6460: 6445: 6415: 6405: 6381: 6317: 6224: 6081: 5128: 3816: 3788: 3679: 3638: 3622: 3580: 3562: 3519: 3501: 3086: 2953: 2724: 2392: 2145: 2057: 2041: 1907: 1771: 1576: 1525: 1475: 1401: 1353: 1005: 781: 530: 383: 4036:

Raspopova V.I. Metallicheskiye izdeliya rannesrednevekovogo Sogda. Leningrad: 1980

3824: 3551:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe" 3254:

Usama ibn Munkyz. Kniga nazidaniya. per. Yu. I. Krachkovskogo. Moscow, 1958, p.134

1054: 9319: 8868: 8842: 8803: 8718: 8685: 8672: 8423: 8341: 7994: 7933: 7831: 7685: 7504: 7499: 7333: 6940: 6851: 6690: 6670: 6575: 6565: 6551: 6480: 6440: 6435: 6400: 6301: 6255: 6229: 5673: 5425: 4607: 4543: 3869: 3841: 3506: 3413: 3192: 2388: 2064: 1787: 1377: 1314: 1182: 1112: 1080: 903: 799: 692: 538: 2910: 53: 9217: 8890: 8873: 8699: 8644: 8503: 8498: 8441: 8381: 8326: 8144: 8138: 8128: 8039: 8018: 7867: 7862: 7645: 7540: 7369: 7252: 7001: 6756: 6680: 6622: 6541: 6485: 6450: 6425: 6410: 6341: 6168: 6133: 6125: 4623: 3394: 2739: 2719: 2702: 2538: 2519: 2466: 2384: 2378: 1970:

Uzbek Mulla Dzhan Turdi Ali, uncle of the Kokand Khan's older son, 19th century

1921: 1806: 1767: 1551: 1486: 1467: 983: 895: 741: 732:

stationed in large parts of Central Asia. But Chinese influence ended with the

475: 428: 378: 368: 24: 9148: 8926: 8657: 8538: 7379: 7138: 6536: 5938: 3792: 3684: 3567: 3490:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 2680: 9273: 9102: 9067: 8626: 8612: 8578: 8550: 8532: 8486: 8480: 8418: 8406: 8296: 8069: 8062: 8056: 8033: 7916: 7897: 7886: 7675: 7630: 7600: 7595: 7297: 7102: 7072: 7006: 6945: 6837: 6830: 6777: 6665: 6655: 6430: 6250: 4556: 3800: 3693: 3634: 3626: 3576: 3515: 2594: 2412: 2299: 2127: 2084: 2063:

Moscow's control over Uzbekistan weakened in the 1970s as Uzbek party leader

2049: 2029: 1834: 1802:

in the Central Asian Turkic literary language in 1508, is located in London.

1636: 1632: 1471: 1452: 1373: 1208: 955: 940: 924: 920: 882: 830: 815: 802:

listed three basic ethnic elements contributing to the Uzbeks' ethnogenesis:

786: 761: 684: 637: 373: 349: 7527: 7459: 6007:

Calum MacLeod, Bradley Mayhew "Uzbekistan. Golden Road to Samarkand" page31.

5402:. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. p. 20. 4572:"Commemorating the 1916 Massacres in Kyrgyzstan? Russia Sees a Western Plot" 3777:"The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns" 2144:

In the recent times, many Uzbeks started to migrate to various countries as

2095: 1152: 713:

in the fifth century. The seal of the Kidarites, made in the 5th century in

702:. From 6th to 8th century, what is today's Uzbekistan was under the rule of 698:

From the fifth to sixth century, what is today's Uzbekistan was part of the

8976: 8847: 8823: 8787: 8766: 8692: 8662: 8652: 8619: 8604: 8544: 8518: 8433: 8254: 8219: 8207: 8107: 8083: 8076: 8027: 8007: 7989: 7951: 7697: 7605: 7590: 7585: 7345: 7212: 7197: 7011: 6950: 6920: 6884: 6844: 6708: 6580: 6557: 6325: 6261: 6148: 3808: 3652: 3594: 3533: 2654: 2512: 2481: 2408: 2365: 2169: 2033: 2013: 2006: 1948: 1708:, now in northwestern Afghanistan, in the second half of the 15th century. 1671:. He also invaded Russia before dying during an invasion of China in 1405. 1597: 1572: 1568: 1074: 1067: 854: 772: 725: 724:

Turkic and Chinese migration into Central Asia occurred during the Chinese

648: 572: 534: 518: 482: 478: 313: 276: 7494: 5181: 5132: 4768: 4176:

Borovkov, A.K. Leksika sredneaziatskogo tefsira: XII—XIII vv. Moscow, 1963

2857:"Afghanistan people groups, languages and religions | Joshua Project" 2441:

report, Uzbekistan's population is 96.3% Muslim, around 54% identifies as

2415:

and its other successor states spoke various dialects of Turkic language.

1540: 1309:, and were also highly motivated by the desire to spread their new faith, 1077:

of Central Asia, previously dated to c. 2400–1900 BC by Sandro Salvatori.

9232: 9082: 8633: 8572: 8560: 8555: 8525: 8396: 8261: 8213: 8133: 8123: 8118: 8000: 7939: 7922: 7910: 7903: 7892: 7842: 7755: 7464: 7454: 7349: 7232: 7227: 7171: 6675: 6591: 6518: 6387: 6368: 6191: 6086: 6069: 3610: 3487: 2985:"The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan" 2856: 2489: 2485: 2430: 2361: 2270: 2186: 2153: 2037: 1821: 1817: 1529: 1517: 1498: 1494: 1448: 1428: 1397: 1318: 1235: 834: 757: 745: 737: 502: 498: 399: 203: 57: 5999:

Belenitskii, Aleksandr M.; Marshak, B.I. (1981). Azarpay, Guitty (ed.).

1140:

In 350–375 AD, Sogdiana and Tashkent oasis were captured by the nomadic

845:(particularly in the western region) and many Turkicized Mongol tribes ( 821:

the pre-Uzbek amalgam of nomadic Türk(î) or Chagatays, who consisted of

691:

in the sixth to fourth centuries BC and, by the 3rd century CE, part of

9183: 9024: 8835: 8566: 8511: 8492: 8447: 8366: 8351: 8268: 8234: 8227: 8151: 7856: 7825: 7635: 7625: 7610: 7032: 6279: 6031: 6010: 5989: 5465:

Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan

5427:

Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan

2827:"Afghan Population: 34,940,837 (July 2018 est.) [Uzbeks = 11%]" 2693: 2684:

An Uzbek man wearing a skullcap, otherwise known as doppa or tyubeteika

2523: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2357: 2210: 2206: 2045: 1959:

engaged in educational reform among Muslims of Central Asia. To escape

1779: 1621: 1563: 1509: 1364:, the rich Perso-Islamic culture of Mawarannahr continued to flourish. 1281: 1261: 1134: 1103:

Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria in 329 BC, marrying

1071: 644: 514: 510: 506: 490: 486: 257: 239: 221: 185: 7217: 6361: 5399:

Central Asia File: Newsletter of the Central Asian Studies Association

4018:

Smirnova O. I., Svodnyy katalog sogdiyskikh monet. Moscow, 1981, p.59.

3452:

J. Bečka, "Tajik Literature from the 16th Century to the Present," in

1367: 8158: 7970: 7958: 7680: 7247: 7237: 7184: 7151: 7037: 6823: 6785: 6766: 6746: 6721: 6627: 6161: 5562:

Shoniyozov K., Oʻzbek xalqining shakllanish jarayoni, Toshkent, 2001.

3453: 2911:"Uzbek, Northern people group in all countries | Joshua Project" 2665: 2607: 2395:

branch. Modern Uzbek is written in wide variety of scripts including

2122: 2052:. Their plight was also studied by Uzbek historian Bahodir Uzakov of 2017: 1997: 1731: 1689: 1652: 1513: 1466:

had asked the caliph for the investiture of Transoxiana. The caliph,

1436: 1421: 1413: 1212: 1186: 714: 710: 676: 5705: 4865:"Uzbekistan, Poland to expand relations in field of labor migration" 4799:"(منبع العرفان) تفسير كبير باللغة الأوزبكية (القديمة) بالحرف العربي" 4798: 4656: 1750: 8361: 8301: 8274: 7650: 7357: 7202: 7146: 7132: 7117: 7092: 7082: 7052: 6741: 6728: 6714: 6295: 5077: 3547: 3372: 3370: 3223: 2527: 2404: 2245:

Many ethnic Uzbeks moved from Afghanistan to Pakistan owing to the

2025: 1939: 1825: 1763: 1668: 1664: 1490: 1432: 1393: 1385: 1357: 1174: 1116: 1093: 1089: 1029: 1018: 932: 842: 672: 664: 331: 5310: 4070:

The historical, social and economic setting By M. S. Asimov, pg.79

2262: 9092: 8981: 8971: 8711: 8413: 8401: 8391: 8371: 8331: 8321: 8316: 8311: 7670: 7640: 7292: 7242: 7192: 7166: 7161: 7122: 7112: 7067: 7062: 7047: 6964: 6910: 6873: 6868: 6761: 6751: 6736: 6585: 6354: 6308: 6219: 6094: 6080:(3). Ultimate Reality and Meaning 8.3 (1985): 172–195.: 172–195. 5395: 4555:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3165: 2729: 2698: 2477:

conquered the area, displacing the earlier faiths of the region.

2339: 2331: 2327: 2315: 2287: 2258: 2161: 1892: 1886: 1858: 1850: 1775: 1770:

in the east, and northern Afghanistan. A second Uzbek state, the

1679: 1555: 1459: 1440: 1405: 1392:'s court and organization. They were rewarded for supporting the 1338: 1239: 1141: 1085: 1059: 1017:

According to a 2010 study, slightly more than 50% of Uzbeks from

959: 928: 822: 668: 542: 494: 415: 411: 6013:

Nationalism in Uzbekistan: Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty

3611:"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians" 3367: 3319: 3068: 2465:

which arose as an indigenous reform movement during the time of

1508:

The first of the Turkic states in the region was the Persianate

93: 9194: 8705: 8598: 8376: 8336: 8306: 8284: 8189: 7660: 7615: 7267: 7257: 7207: 7156: 7107: 7097: 7077: 7057: 7042: 6956: 6892: 6878: 6810: 6795: 6790: 6771: 6599: 5706:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 3443:

A. von Gabain, "Özbekische Grammatik", Leipzig and Vienna, 1945

2556: 2552: 2504: 2434: 2396: 2335: 2319: 2307: 2266: 2165: 2149: 1928: 1882: 1601: 1389: 1361: 1299: 1123: 1104: 1097: 1058:

Female statuette bearing the kaunakes. Chlorite and limestone,

948: 944: 850: 846: 838: 660: 659:

Before the 5th century, what is today's Uzbekistan was part of

568: 522: 295: 5961:"Stock Photos, Royalty-Free Images and Vectors – Shutterstock" 5189:

Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States

9242: 8725: 8453: 8428: 8386: 8113: 7945: 7479: 7365: 7262: 7222: 7127: 7087: 6805: 6800: 6632: 6347: 5226:"The Myth of Militant Islam: Uzbekistan – Transitions Online" 4999: 4303:

Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls

3278:

Constructing the Uzbek State: Narratives of Post-Soviet Years

2669: 2507:

there are some long-term Uzbek workers who have converted to

2495:

community. According to 2009 national census 1,794 Uzbeks in

2480:

A 2015 study estimates some 10,000 Muslim Uzbek converted to

2474: 2470: 2462: 2446: 2400: 2291: 2079: 1956: 1878: 1866: 1846: 1791: 1735: 1705: 1660: 1628: 1521: 1444: 1417: 1409: 1342: 1310: 1302: 1265: 887: 826: 794:

to Turkic and New Persian was predominantly the result of an

526: 6070:"The Uzbeks and Their Ideas of Ultimate Reality and Meaning" 3168:

Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora

2551:

Uzbek clothing includes a loose-fitting cotton coat, called

1144:

tribes who arrived from the steppe regions of Central Asia.

7361: 7353: 6034:

The Resurgence of Central Asia : Islam or Nationalism?

3002: 2714: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2303: 2286:

Uzbeks are said to have included 92 tribes in their orbit:

1842: 1795: 1586: 811: 807: 5279:"Islamic Revivalism and Political Attitudes in Uzbekistan" 4432:

Afghanistan Declassified: A Guide to America's Longest War

2598:

Uzbek children, in traditional clothing 19th–20th century.

1667:, Asia Minor, and the southern steppe region north of the 5250: 5044:. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. pp. 246–. 4920:. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. pp. 245–. 4085: 2882:"Tajikistan Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)" 2202: 2191: 2157: 1647: 1550:

The dominance of Ghazna was curtailed, however, when the

601: 4624:"Why were 101 Uzbeks killed in the Netherlands in 1942?" 4134:

Lubin, Nancy. "Turkification of Mawarannahr". In Curtis.

2622:

worn by males, and are made of various fabrics, such as

2016:. In response, many Central Asians, including Uzbeks or 1025:, while nearly 50% belong to West Eurasian haplogroups. 5992:

The Modern Uzbeks: From the 14th Century to the Present

5648:'s Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012. 3359:"Irano-Turkish Relations in the Late Sasanian Period". 3345: 3343: 2407:. After the independence of Uzbekistan from the former 2961:"2023 жыл басына Қазақстан Республикасы халқының саны" 1268:, whom he displaced. Tokharistan, late 7th century CE. 943:, while the best proxy for their eastern ancestry are 790:

of the eastern Islamic lands. The language-shift from

3872:, in Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds.), 3844:, in Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds.), 3186:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501/

2764: 1528:. The Ghaznavids were closely followed by the Turkic 1008:

peoples, along with minor Uzbek haplogroups O3 and N.

6001:

Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art

5704:

Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).

5356: 4615: 4091:

History of Bukhara by Narshakhi, Chapter XXIV, Pg 79

3861:

Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020a).

3833:

Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020b).

3607: 3340: 1989:

Islam in the Netherlands § The Second World War

833:' khaganates, and later of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, 806:

the Turkicized, formerly Iranian-speaking sedentary

23:. For a list of notable people from Uzbekistan, see 4428: 2201:part of the country, particularly in the cities of 1368:

Samanid Empire, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanid Khanate

636:(d. 1188), describing the events in Iran under the 5998: 5737: 5735: 5672: 5037: 4913: 4435:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 32–. 4078: 4076: 3712: 3434:A. Raun, Basic course in Uzbek, Bloomington, 1969. 3325: 3124:. 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024 1489:who lived in the great grasslands stretching from 1284:towards the end of his reign. Tokharistan, 728 CE. 810:, a composite population including both Iranians ( 5679:. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers. pp. 5175: 5000:Sebastian Maisel; John A. Shoup (February 2009). 4950: 4948: 3239: 2653:and the subsequent establishment of communism in 2040:, abused and killed. Their bodies were buried in 1682:with ladies of his harem and retainers, 1425–1450 1404:, and with their established capitals located in 9271: 7570: 6022:DNA analysis tracks Silk Road forbears [ 5885: 5461: 5455: 5423: 5389: 4993: 4825:"Uzbekistan Looks to Diversify Labour Migration" 4148:, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO, pp. 119–144, 4052:Lubin, Nancy. "Early Islamic period". In Curtis. 3960:"Maracanda/Samarkand, une métropole pré-mongole" 3378:An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples 3275: 3205:"Uzbek Minority – Chinese Nationalities (Ozbek)" 3142:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1853:(Urgench) in Khorazm began to steadily decline. 1738:in 1505 and 1507, respectively, and founded the 1539:The founder of the Western Karakhanid Kaganate, 1420:, they carved their kingdom after defeating the 9178: 8956: 7409: 5732: 5703: 4073: 2518:The ancient pre-Islamic religion of Uzbekistan- 2139:As-Sayyid Qāsim bin Abd al-Jabbaar Al-Andijaani 5417: 4945: 4390: 2819: 2575:, Chust made knives are famous in particular. 2457:order. The majority of Uzbeks from the former 1985:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war 1845:, and Samarkand in the Khanate of Bukhora and 1451:in 875, but it was his brother and successor, 974:Based on the research of several studies, the 9164: 8942: 7771: 7556: 7532: 7395: 6110: 4907: 4397:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 63–. 4299: 3741: 3739: 3266:. Sbornik letopisey. T.1., kn.1. Moscow, 1952 1942:was completed in the late 1850s, the Russian 1642: 1524:apart from Central Asia, during the reign of 501:minorities, and also form minority groups in 9315:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China 5468:. University Press of America. p. 123. 4839:"Germany and Uzbekistan sign migration deal" 4621: 4524:Lubin, Nancy. "Russian conquest". In Curtis. 4422: 4384: 583:. Another theory states that the name means 5350: 4501:"Jogies Leading Impoverished Life in Balkh" 3300: 3064: 3062: 1516:, was able to conquer large areas of Iran, 529:. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in 462: 456: 454: 439: 433: 155: 149: 147: 9171: 9157: 8949: 8935: 7785: 7778: 7764: 7563: 7549: 7402: 7388: 6117: 6103: 5396:Central Asian Studies Association (1990). 5360:Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia 5308: 4143: 3922:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set 3736: 3388: 3386: 3166:Touraj Atabaki, Sanjyot Mehendale (2004). 1872: 1199: 6085: 6067: 4429:Brian Glyn Williams (22 September 2011). 4293: 4256:Lubin, Nancy. "Rule of Timur". In Curtis. 4240:Lubin, Nancy. "Mongol period". In Curtis. 4207:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia 3899:Lubin, Nancy. "Early history". In Curtis. 3821:Regional results can be seen in figure 3. 3683: 3642: 3584: 3566: 3523: 3505: 3069:Prajakti Kalra, Siddharth Saxena (2009). 2657:, women wore traditional veils, known as 2484:, most of them belonging to some sort of 2083:the appointment of ethnic Uzbek outsider 1730:, the Uzbeks conquered the key cities of 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 5779:"Uzbakestan Zoroastrians at Gatha Class" 5642:The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity 4569: 4345:Lubin, Nancy. "Uzbek period". In Curtis. 4146:History of Civilisations of Central Asia 3770: 3768: 3766: 3104: 3059: 2679: 2601: 2593: 2537: 2356: 2185: 2137:fled to Afghanistan. The Islamist Uzbek 2121: 2094: 1996: 1965: 1906: 1812: 1749: 1673: 1646: 1325:various Persian dynasties. In fact, the 1203: 1053: 1021:belong to East Eurasian and South Asian 881: 736:. During the ninth and tenth centuries, 605:. A third theory holds that the variant 118:of all important aspects of the article. 6045:, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 71:466–482, 2002. 5994:, Hoover Institution Press (July 1990). 5857:"An Uzbek Knife And Hat, Made In China" 5854: 5632: 5630: 5493: 5041:Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia 4917:Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia 4498: 3781:International Journal of Legal Medicine 3383: 2028:. However, a number of them, including 1938:As soon as the Russian conquest of the 1289: 1012: 969: 567:is disputed. One view holds that it is 47:not related to the topic of the article 9272: 5752: 5619:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4985:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4594: 4467: 4204: 4137: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 3957: 3925:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 243. 3918: 3026:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2453:. And around 11% say they belong to a 2276: 1447:. Ahmad's son Nasr became governor of 768:, a former vassal of the Qara Khitai. 114:Please consider expanding the lead to 9152: 8930: 7759: 7544: 7531: 7383: 6098: 5670: 5652:from the original on 26 December 2016 5565: 5122: 4845:from the original on 26 November 2023 4805:from the original on 10 November 2018 4734:"Repoirt on Central Asian extremisim" 4582:from the original on 18 December 2019 4532: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4468:Bleuer, Christian (17 October 2014). 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4306:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 25. 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4198: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 3774: 3763: 3197: 2542:Traditional Uzbek costume circa 1840. 2257:moved to Turkey to join the existing 1062:, beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. 709:The Turkic component was part of the 5627: 5377:from the original on 2 February 2023 5357:Christian van Gorder (5 June 2008). 5317:from the original on 2 February 2023 5206:from the original on 2 February 2023 4570:Sydykova, Zamira (20 January 2016). 4449:from the original on 2 February 2023 4320:from the original on 2 February 2023 3964:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 3939:from the original on 2 February 2023 3242:Uzbekistan: Golden Road to Samarkand 3122:United States Department of Commerce 2664:However, after the establishment of 2036:, were captured, transported to the 172:Regions with significant populations 87: 29: 8906:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China 5078:"The Complexity of Central Eurasia" 4300:Abraham Eraly (17 September 2007). 4039: 3919:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). 3757: 3745: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3665: 3469:, Ph.D. dissertation, Berlin, 1983. 2837:from the original on 4 January 2021 2364:, revolutionary leader against the 1902: 1177:, from his coinage (circa 450 CE). 16:Turkic ethnic group of Central Asia 13: 6124: 6061: 5855:Pannier, Bruce (7 November 2015). 5810:from the original on 15 April 2016 5720:from the original on 13 March 2021 5638:"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation" 5075: 5006:. Greenwood Press. pp. 145–. 4527: 4515: 4332: 4276:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4243: 4231: 4121: 3893: 3876:, Routledge, London and New York, 3874:The World of the Oxus Civilization 3848:, Routledge, London and New York, 3846:The World of the Oxus Civilization 2701:and in the Autonomous Republic of 2589: 2118:Minorities in Turkey § Uzbeks 2090: 1961:Russians slaughtering them in 1916 1242:and Chach issued their own coins. 1049: 914: 728:, and Chinese armies commanded by 14: 9351: 6003:. University of California Press. 5967:from the original on 4 March 2016 5867:from the original on 4 March 2016 5125:The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia 4779:from the original on 21 June 2020 4576:The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst 4499:Saboory, Ghafoor (17 July 2015). 4480:from the original on 1 April 2019 3211:from the original on 4 March 2016 3042:""Национальный состав населения"" 2831:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2429:Uzbeks come from a predominantly 2114:Soviet Central Asia § Exiles 2107: 1915: 748:was under the rule of the Turkic 282:400,000 – 450,000 (2023 estimate) 9137:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 8911:Immigrant ethnic groups in China 7740: 7360:, distinct from Levantine (i.e. 6015:, Westview Press (October 1991). 5953: 5927: 5901: 5879: 5848: 5822: 5796: 5771: 5746: 5697: 5664: 5582: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5520: 5302: 5271: 5244: 5218: 5149: 5116: 5069: 5031: 4882: 4857: 4831: 4817: 3666:Lee, Joo-Yup (18 October 2017). 3280:. Lexington Books. p. 241. 3240:MacLeod, Calum; Bradley Mayhew. 2973:from the original on 2023-06-11. 2774: 2546: 2473:as early as the 8th century, as 2190:An Uzbek elder man in bazaar in 1774:was established in the oasis of 1607: 1273: 1253: 1160: 1151: 958:, and 34.9–51.2% Eastern Steppe 342: 324: 306: 288: 269: 250: 232: 214: 196: 178: 92: 34: 5909:"Heritage of Fergana armourers" 5785:from the original on 2020-10-30 5509:from the original on 2023-02-02 5482:from the original on 2023-02-02 5444:from the original on 2023-02-02 5430:. University Press of America. 5406:from the original on 2023-02-02 5291:from the original on 2020-11-27 5251:CENTRAL ASIA and THE CAUCASUS. 5232:from the original on 1 May 2017 5084:from the original on 2022-05-18 5058:from the original on 2023-02-02 5020:from the original on 2023-02-02 4934:from the original on 2023-02-02 4896:from the original on 2023-11-26 4871:from the original on 2023-11-26 4791: 4769:"قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني" 4761: 4750:from the original on 2016-04-30 4726: 4715:from the original on 2006-11-22 4691: 4670: 4641: 4630:from the original on 2020-03-30 4563: 4492: 4461: 4411:from the original on 2023-02-02 4375: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4282:from the original on 2021-04-15 4268: 4259: 4222: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4064: 4055: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3985: 3974:from the original on 2020-10-24 3951: 3912: 3902: 3883: 3855: 3751: 3724: 3700: 3659: 3615:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3601: 3541: 3481: 3472: 3459: 3456:, Hist. Iran. Lit., pp. 520–605 3446: 3437: 3428: 3419: 3352: 3331: 3294: 3269: 3257: 3248: 3233: 3177: 3159: 3150: 3093:from the original on 2020-09-17 3079: 3048:from the original on 2022-12-30 3034: 3009:from the original on 2023-07-20 2942:from the original on 2024-02-03 2917:from the original on 2024-02-28 2892:from the original on 2021-08-11 2863:from the original on 2024-02-28 2808:from the original on 2023-02-02 2745:Mongol invasion of Central Asia 2281: 2216: 2001:Uzbek students after graduation 1974: 1745: 1618:Mongol conquest of Central Asia 1470:however sent the Samanid amir, 978:of Uzbeks have been described: 902:which gained prominence in the 863:Timurid conquests and invasions 629:, meaning "leader of an oğuz". 106:may be too short to adequately 5182:Michael Kemper; Raoul Motika; 4209:, Cambridge University Press, 3326:Belenitskii & Marshak 1981 2995: 2977: 2928: 2903: 2874: 2849: 2794: 2688:The square skullcap, known as 2306:, Yuz, Salor, Loqai, Qushchi, 1376:, and thus descended from the 463: 440: 156: 116:provide an accessible overview 1: 9325:Ethnic groups in Central Asia 9310:Ethnic groups in Turkmenistan 6068:Battersby, Harold R. (1985). 4537:"Country Profile: Uzbekistan" 4505:Afghanistan News-TOLOnews.com 4394:A Journey Through Afghanistan 3775:Irwin, Jodi A. (1 May 2010). 3405:, v., Online Edition, 2007, ( 3361:The Cambridge History of Iran 2787: 2175: 1981:Amersfoort concentration camp 1211:during an audience with king 1100:states dominated the region. 56:or discuss this issue on the 9290:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 9127:Demographics of Central Asia 7572:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5861:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 5192:. Routledge. pp. 247–. 4474:Afghanistan Analysts Network 3507:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 2755:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 1891:An Uzbek Khanate existed in 1704:, was active in the city of 1191:Afrasiab Museum of Samarkand 898:is largely derived from the 886:Uzbek people at a market in 760:(Western Liao), a sinicized 744:. From the 11th century on, 599:(self) and the Turkic title 559:Turkic tribal confederations 552: 190:29.2 million (2021 estimate) 7: 9305:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan 9300:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 9295:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan 9285:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 8958:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 7411:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 5502:Espace populations sociétés 5363:. Routledge. pp. 80–. 5038:Birgit N. Schlyter (2005). 4914:Birgit N. Schlyter (2005). 4622:Rustam Qobil (2017-05-09). 3117:United States Census Bureau 2708: 2675: 2433:background, usually of the 2418: 2372: 2234: 1963:, Uzbeks escaped to China. 1562:dominated a wide area from 1443:; Yahya, Shash; and Elyas, 457: 434: 150: 10: 9356: 9132:Demographics of Kazakhstan 6036:Zed Books (April 15, 1995) 5983: 3075:. University of Cambridge. 2422: 2376: 2255:Uzbek refugees in Pakistan 2238: 2179: 2111: 2087:as Communist Party chief. 1978: 1919: 1876: 1643:Rule of Timur and Timurids 1382:Seven Great Houses of Iran 1215:of Samarkand. 648–651 CE, 1173:: portrait of Alchon king 1042: 1038: 1028:A majority of Uzbeks from 814:, Sogdians, Khwarzamians, 654: 556: 21:Demographics of Uzbekistan 18: 9203: 9190: 9121: 9040: 8992: 8964: 8901: 8861: 8796: 8742: 8643: 8588: 8470: 8244: 8198: 8168: 8097: 8049: 8017: 7980: 7876: 7815: 7806: 7793: 7737: 7706: 7578: 7538: 7533:Links to related articles 7430: 7417: 7342: 7306: 7280: 7025: 6983: 6929: 6901: 6699: 6641: 6608: 6527: 6504: 6461:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks 6334: 6288: 6243: 6212: 6141: 6132: 6051:Great Soviet Encyclopedia 5462:Audrey Shalinsky (1994). 5424:Audrey Shalinsky (1994). 4741:www.worldwatchmonitor.org 4551:Federal Research Division 3793:10.1007/s00414-009-0406-z 3685:10.1163/22105018-12340089 3568:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3 3276:Marlene Laruelle (2017). 2886:worldpopulationreview.com 2606:Women in school uniform, 2533: 2443:non-denominational Muslim 908:Shaybanid Uzbek Khaqanate 818:) and some Arab elements; 740:was ruled by the Persian 468: 455: 445: 432: 410: 405: 397: 392: 363: 358: 340: 322: 304: 286: 266: 248: 230: 212: 194: 176: 171: 161: 148: 145: 8881:Local ethnic nationalism 7800:recognized ethnic groups 7329:Turkish Cypriot diaspora 6997:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars 6041:Zerjal, Tatiana, et al. 5753:Kemper, Michael (2019). 1720:Eastern Kipchak-speaking 1296:conquest of Central Asia 1066:In the southern part of 829:and other tribes of the 754:Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan 208:4.3 – 4.8 million (2023) 146: 9330:Ethnic groups in Russia 6486:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman 6142:Azerbaijani communities 6054:, Part 9, pages 483–489 6020:Noble, Ivan. BBC News, 4601:"Soviet Field of Glory" 4391:David Chaffetz (1981). 3958:Grenet, Frantz (2004). 2582:. Pants, also known as 1933:United States Civil War 1873:Afghan Pashtun conquest 1805:Shaybani-khan's nephew 1794:Muslims while Iran was 1200:Turkic Khaganate period 617:, united with the word 563:The origin of the word 549:, and other countries. 336:283,000 (2024 estimate) 9335:Ethnic groups in China 9280:Turkic peoples of Asia 8916:Historic ethnic groups 7787:Ethnic groups in China 7747:Afghanistan portal 7319:Crimean Tatar diaspora 6496:Western Thracian Turks 6431:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman 5886:Anur Tour Uzbekistan. 5830:"Fergana Knives Breed" 5575:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5338:Cite journal requires 5104:Cite journal requires 3627:10.1093/molbev/msac179 3305:. BRILL. p. 121. 2833:. The World Factbook. 2685: 2611: 2599: 2543: 2369: 2194: 2130: 2100: 2002: 1971: 1912: 1829: 1755: 1722:nomadic tribes called 1684: 1655: 1264:, in the style of the 1220: 1109:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 1063: 1045:Timeline of the Uzbeks 891: 778:Indo-European-speaking 704:First Turkic Khaganate 9340:Ethnic groups in Asia 7026:Extinct Turkic groups 6984:Turkic minorities in 6931:Turkic minorities in 6902:Turkic minorities in 6700:Turkic minorities in 6178:Georgian Azerbaijanis 5804:"Unique Uzbek Knives" 5671:Libal, Joyce (2005). 5253:"CA&CC Press® AB" 5186:(11 September 2009). 5133:10.1057/9780230376434 4706:carnegieendowment.org 4685:carnegieendowment.org 3403:Encyclopaedia Iranica 2760:Culture of Uzbekistan 2683: 2605: 2597: 2541: 2467:Russian imperial rule 2360: 2189: 2125: 2098: 2000: 1979:Further information: 1969: 1931:for Russia. When the 1910: 1816: 1753: 1677: 1650: 1207: 1057: 885: 870:East Kipchak-speaking 853:, etc.), who entered 687:. It was part of the 406:Related ethnic groups 300:323,278 (2021 census) 45:may contain material 7344:Central Asian (i.e. 7314:Azerbaijani diaspora 6651:Iranian Azerbaijanis 6289:Turkmen communities 6185:Western Azerbaijanis 6155:Iranian Azerbaijanis 6087:10.3138/uram.8.3.172 5806:. 12 December 2013. 5228:. 29 December 1995. 5123:Glenn, John (1999). 3301:Joo-Yup Lee (2015). 2651:Bolshevik Revolution 2646:widely to this day. 2310:, Chaqmok, Utarchi, 2273:-based communities. 2198:Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan 2182:Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan 2126:Uzbek family in the 2054:Gouda, South Holland 1782:, the successors of 1571:was defeated by the 1541:Ibrahim Tamgach Khan 1290:Early Islamic period 1189:(dated 600–800 CE), 1023:maternal haplogroups 1013:Maternal haplogroups 970:Paternal haplogroups 685:Indo-Iranian peoples 671:mainly inhabited by 647:, who converted the 483:Central Asian region 481:native to the wider 54:improve this section 6335:Turkish communities 6201:Javanshir Qizilbash 6074:Harold R. Battersby 5646:Pew Research Center 4548:Library of Congress 3087:"Uzbek in Pakistan" 2439:Pew Research Center 2425:Islam in Uzbekistan 2277:Culture and society 1993:Soviet Central Asia 1754:Shaybani Khan, 1507 1307:Qutaybah ibn Muslim 1280:Trilingual coin of 947:(or alternatively, 750:Kara-Khanid Khanate 734:An Lushan Rebellion 142: 6859:Siberian Bukharans 6661:Chaharmahali Turks 6642:Turkic minorities 6609:Turkic minorities 6528:Turkic minorities 6244:Kyrgyz communities 6213:Kazakh communities 6011:Critchlow, James. 5990:Allworth, Edward. 5076:Cutler, Robert M. 4649:"Independence Day" 4606:2017-05-08 at the 4542:2005-02-26 at the 3868:2022-07-26 at the 3840:2022-07-02 at the 3412:2010-01-09 at the 3397:, Walter Feldman. 3191:2020-11-11 at the 3044:. rosstat.gov.ru. 2750:Uzbeks in Pakistan 2735:Karakhanid Khanate 2686: 2612: 2600: 2544: 2370: 2241:Uzbeks in Pakistan 2195: 2135:Mohammed Alim Khan 2131: 2101: 2003: 1972: 1913: 1830: 1760:Khanate of Bukhara 1756: 1740:Khanate of Bukhara 1685: 1656: 1590:Kutbeddin Muhammad 1221: 1064: 892: 784:, the traditional 766:Anushtegin dynasty 700:Hephthalite Empire 579:, became the word 226:1.2 million (2023) 140: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9260: 9146: 9145: 9041:Minorities <1% 8993:Minorities >1% 8924: 8923: 8093: 8092: 7753: 7752: 7707:Foreign nationals 7525: 7524: 7377: 7376: 7276: 7275: 7187: 7180: 7141: 7017:Tatars of Romania 6990: 6959: 6916:Mongolian Kazakhs 6887: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6594: 6560: 6471:Palestinian Turks 6466:Montenegrin Turks 6390: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6320: 6311: 6304: 6264: 6235:Mongolian Kazakhs 6203: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6171: 6164: 6157: 5475:978-0-8191-9286-8 5437:978-0-8191-9286-8 5370:978-1-135-97169-4 5199:978-1-134-20731-2 5142:978-1-349-40743-9 5051:978-91-86884-16-1 5013:978-0-313-34442-8 4927:978-91-86884-16-1 4553:(February 2007). 4442:978-0-8122-0615-9 4404:978-0-226-10064-7 4313:978-93-5118-093-7 3932:978-1-83860-868-2 3380:(1992) p. 407-408 3376:Golden, Peter B. 2509:Eastern Orthodoxy 2352:Baghlan or Baghan 2069:Uzbek nationalism 2022:fight the Germans 1863:new Uzbek khanate 1784:Muhammad Shaybani 1780:Shaybanid dynasty 1728:Muhammad Shaybani 1698:literary language 1694:Chaghatai dialect 1683: 1331:Umayyad Caliphate 1327:Abbasid Caliphate 976:paternal lineages 964:Mongolian Plateau 900:Chagatai language 816:Kushano-Bactrians 689:Achaemenid Empire 634:Usama ibn Munqidh 421: 420: 133: 132: 86: 85: 78: 9347: 9173: 9166: 9159: 9150: 9149: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8928: 8927: 8782:Tajiks (Pamiris) 7813: 7812: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7529: 7528: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7381: 7380: 7324:Turkish diaspora 7183: 7176: 7137: 6988: 6970:Karategin Uzbeks 6955: 6883: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6817:Astrakhan Tatars 6815: 6780: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6686:Iranian Turkmens 6618:Crimean Karaites 6590: 6556: 6456:Macedonian Turks 6421:Dodecanese Turks 6386: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6318:Iranian Turkmens 6316: 6307: 6300: 6260: 6199: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6139: 6138: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6004: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5937:. Archived from 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5915:on 11 March 2016 5911:. Archived from 5905: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5832:. Archived from 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5750: 5744: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5678: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5634: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5595:. Archived from 5594: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5536: 5533: 5527: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5309:Prajakti Kalra. 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5290: 5283: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5255:. Archived from 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5184:Stefan Reichmuth 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5159:. Archived from 5153: 5147: 5146: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4984: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4967: 4961:. Archived from 4960: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4749: 4738: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4703: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4655:. Archived from 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4567: 4561: 4534: 4525: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4507:. Archived from 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4241: 4238: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4119: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3916: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3859: 3853: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3772: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3646: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3588: 3570: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3509: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3390: 3381: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3338: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3201: 3195: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3017: 3015: 3014: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2987:. Archived from 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2965: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2798: 2779: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2725:Uzbeks In Russia 2253:. In 1981, many 2148:, especially to 2077: 2058:Henk Broekhuizen 2042:Rusthof cemetery 1903:Russo-Soviet era 1772:Khanate of Khiva 1678: 1651:Timur feasts in 1577:Battle of Qatwan 1510:Ghaznavid Empire 1458:Samanid rule in 1388:, mirroring the 1354:Persian language 1277: 1257: 1217:Afrasiyab murals 1209:Turkish officers 1164: 1155: 782:Persian language 575:, also known as 473: 472: 470: 466: 465: 460: 453: 449: 447: 443: 442: 437: 348: 346: 345: 330: 328: 327: 312: 310: 309: 294: 292: 291: 279: 275: 273: 272: 256: 254: 253: 244:1 million (2023) 238: 236: 235: 220: 218: 217: 202: 200: 199: 184: 182: 181: 166: 165: 163: 159: 158: 153: 143: 139: 128: 125: 119: 96: 88: 81: 74: 70: 67: 61: 38: 37: 30: 9355: 9354: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9344: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9199: 9186: 9177: 9147: 9142: 9141: 9117: 9036: 8988: 8960: 8955: 8925: 8920: 8897: 8869:Han nationalism 8857: 8804:African Chinese 8792: 8738: 8639: 8584: 8466: 8424:Sichuan Mongols 8240: 8194: 8164: 8089: 8045: 8013: 7976: 7872: 7802: 7789: 7784: 7754: 7749: 7741: 7739: 7733: 7702: 7574: 7569: 7534: 7526: 7521: 7426: 7413: 7408: 7378: 7373: 7338: 7334:Kazakh diaspora 7302: 7272: 7021: 6987: 6985: 6979: 6941:Afghan Turkmens 6932: 6925: 6903: 6897: 6852:Siberian Tatars 6776: 6701: 6695: 6691:Iranian Kazakhs 6671:Khorasani Turks 6643: 6637: 6610: 6604: 6547:Chinese Kazakhs 6529: 6523: 6506: 6505:Turkic peoples 6500: 6401:Bulgarian Turks 6377:Abkhazian Turks 6330: 6302:Afghan Turkmens 6284: 6239: 6230:Iranian Kazakhs 6225:Chinese Kazakhs 6208: 6128: 6123: 6064: 6062:Further reading 6032:Rashid, Ahmad. 5986: 5981: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5935:"Pchak "Uzbek"" 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5836:on 4 March 2016 5828: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5788: 5786: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5636: 5635: 5628: 5612: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5590:"Archived copy" 5588: 5587: 5583: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5512: 5510: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5485: 5483: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5445: 5438: 5422: 5418: 5409: 5407: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5371: 5355: 5351: 5339: 5337: 5328: 5327: 5320: 5318: 5307: 5303: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5259:on 25 June 2020 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5200: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5163:on 4 March 2016 5155: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5121: 5117: 5105: 5103: 5094: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5070: 5061: 5059: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5023: 5021: 5014: 4998: 4994: 4978: 4977: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4956:"Archived copy" 4954: 4953: 4946: 4937: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4899: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4874: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4662: 4660: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4633: 4631: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4608:Wayback Machine 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4564: 4544:Wayback Machine 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4443: 4427: 4423: 4414: 4412: 4405: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4314: 4298: 4294: 4285: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3977: 3975: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3933: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3884: 3870:Wayback Machine 3860: 3856: 3842:Wayback Machine 3832: 3825: 3773: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3664: 3660: 3606: 3602: 3546: 3542: 3500:(4): e1005068. 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3414:Wayback Machine 3391: 3384: 3375: 3368: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3193:Wayback Machine 3182: 3178: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3125: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3067: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3003:"Archived copy" 3001: 3000: 2996: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2943: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2920: 2918: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2866: 2864: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2811: 2809: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2765: 2711: 2678: 2592: 2590:Female clothing 2549: 2536: 2427: 2421: 2389:Turkic language 2381: 2375: 2314:, Arlot, Kait, 2284: 2279: 2243: 2237: 2219: 2184: 2178: 2146:labour migrants 2120: 2112:Main articles: 2110: 2093: 2091:Post-Soviet era 2071: 2065:Sharaf Rashidov 2024:in the area of 2020:, were sent to 1995: 1977: 1944:Ministry of War 1924: 1918: 1905: 1889: 1877:Main articles: 1875: 1788:Safavid dynasty 1748: 1702:Ali Shir Nava'i 1645: 1610: 1520:, and northern 1435:: Nuh obtained 1378:House of Mihrān 1370: 1292: 1285: 1278: 1269: 1258: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1183:Elongated skull 1167: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1156: 1052: 1050:Ancient history 1047: 1041: 1015: 972: 917: 915:Genetic origins 872:"Pure Uzbeks" ( 800:Peter B. Golden 796:elite dominance 730:Turkic generals 693:Sasanian Empire 657: 561: 555: 451: 388: 372: 343: 341: 325: 323: 307: 305: 289: 287: 270: 268: 267: 251: 249: 233: 231: 215: 213: 197: 195: 179: 177: 167: 160: 154: 138: 129: 123: 120: 113: 101:This article's 97: 82: 71: 65: 62: 51: 39: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9353: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9197: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9176: 9175: 9168: 9161: 9153: 9144: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9044: 9042: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9028: 9027: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8996: 8994: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8954: 8953: 8946: 8939: 8931: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8891:Zhonghua minzu 8883: 8878: 8877: 8876: 8865: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8778: 8771: 8770: 8769: 8759: 8754: 8748: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8722: 8715: 8708: 8703: 8696: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8594: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8575: 8570: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8489: 8484: 8476: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8450: 8445: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8250: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8210: 8204: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8162: 8155: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8103: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8053: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8036: 8031: 8023: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7986: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7962: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7919: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7882: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7821: 7819: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7568: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7407: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7384: 7375: 7374: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7253:Yenisei Kyrgyz 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7181: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 7002:Finnish Tatars 6999: 6993: 6991: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6705: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6623:Crimean Tatars 6620: 6614: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6566:Chinese Uzbeks 6563: 6562: 6561: 6552:Chinese Kyrgyz 6549: 6544: 6542:Chinese Tatars 6539: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6491:Tunisian Turks 6488: 6483: 6478: 6476:Romanian Turks 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6446:Lebanese Turks 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6426:Egyptian Turks 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6406:Croatian Turks 6403: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6382:Algerian Turks 6379: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6322: 6321: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6256:Chinese Kyrgyz 6253: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6181: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6165: 6145: 6143: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6126:Turkic peoples 6122: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6047: 6038: 6029: 6017: 6008: 6005: 5996: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5952: 5926: 5900: 5888:"Chust knives" 5878: 5847: 5821: 5795: 5770: 5763: 5745: 5731: 5696: 5689: 5663: 5626: 5581: 5564: 5555: 5546: 5537: 5528: 5519: 5492: 5474: 5454: 5436: 5416: 5388: 5369: 5349: 5340:|journal= 5301: 5270: 5243: 5217: 5198: 5174: 5148: 5141: 5115: 5106:|journal= 5068: 5050: 5030: 5012: 4992: 4944: 4926: 4906: 4881: 4856: 4841:. 3 May 2023. 4830: 4816: 4790: 4773:IslamHouse.com 4760: 4725: 4699:"Olcoot roots" 4690: 4669: 4640: 4614: 4593: 4562: 4526: 4514: 4511:on 2016-09-20. 4491: 4460: 4441: 4421: 4403: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4331: 4312: 4292: 4267: 4258: 4242: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4197: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4155:978-9231034671 4154: 4136: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3950: 3931: 3911: 3901: 3892: 3882: 3863:"Introduction" 3854: 3823: 3787:(3): 195–204. 3762: 3750: 3735: 3723: 3721:, p. 216. 3711: 3699: 3678:(2): 218–219. 3658: 3609:(2022-08-25). 3600: 3549:(2017-12-28). 3540: 3480: 3471: 3458: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3418: 3395:Keith Hitchins 3382: 3366: 3351: 3339: 3330: 3318: 3311: 3293: 3286: 3268: 3256: 3247: 3232: 3222: 3196: 3176: 3170:. p. 31. 3158: 3149: 3103: 3078: 3058: 3033: 2994: 2991:on 2016-10-06. 2976: 2952: 2927: 2902: 2873: 2848: 2818: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2740:Turkic peoples 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2720:Uzbek language 2717: 2710: 2707: 2703:Karakalpakstan 2677: 2674: 2591: 2588: 2548: 2545: 2535: 2532: 2520:Zoroastrianism 2423:Main article: 2420: 2417: 2385:Uzbek language 2379:Uzbek language 2377:Main article: 2374: 2371: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2239:Main article: 2236: 2233: 2218: 2215: 2180:Main article: 2177: 2174: 2109: 2108:Uzbek diaspora 2106: 2092: 2089: 2005:In the 1940s, 1976: 1973: 1922:Russian Empire 1920:Main article: 1917: 1916:Russian Empire 1914: 1904: 1901: 1874: 1871: 1865:was formed in 1820:of Uzbek from 1807:Ubaydulla Khan 1768:Fergana Valley 1747: 1744: 1644: 1641: 1609: 1606: 1369: 1366: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1260:Early coin of 1259: 1252: 1201: 1198: 1169: 1168: 1159: 1158: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1051: 1048: 1040: 1037: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 997: 989: 984:Haplogroup R1a 971: 968: 916: 913: 904:Timurid Empire 896:Uzbek language 880: 879: 866: 819: 792:Middle Iranian 742:Samanid Empire 656: 653: 609:, of the word 557:Main article: 554: 551: 419: 418: 408: 407: 403: 402: 398:Predominantly 395: 394: 390: 389: 387: 386: 381: 376: 364: 361: 360: 356: 355: 352: 338: 337: 334: 320: 319: 318:300,000 (2009) 316: 302: 301: 298: 284: 283: 280: 264: 263: 262:643,363 (2023) 260: 246: 245: 242: 228: 227: 224: 210: 209: 206: 192: 191: 188: 174: 173: 169: 168: 136: 131: 130: 110:the key points 100: 98: 91: 84: 83: 42: 40: 33: 25:List of Uzbeks 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9352: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9202: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9180:Ethnic groups 9174: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9160: 9155: 9154: 9151: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9030: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8991: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8952: 8947: 8945: 8940: 8938: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8783: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8744:Indo-European 8741: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8407:Upper Mongols 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8266: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8099:Austroasiatic 8096: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7748: 7736: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7705: 7699: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7579:Ethnic groups 7577: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7554: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7543: 7537: 7530: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7391: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7372:territories). 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7073:Black Klobuks 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6989:(exc. Russia) 6982: 6976: 6975:Afghan Kyrgyz 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6831:Mishar Tatars 6828: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507:in Uzbekistan 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Serbian Turks 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6441:Kosovan Turks 6439: 6437: 6436:Israeli Turks 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6416:Cypriot Turks 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6396:Bosnian Turks 6394: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6270:Afghan Kyrgyz 6268: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6202: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6108: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6065: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5987: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5941:on 2016-03-04 5940: 5936: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5889: 5882: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5766: 5764:9781351022408 5760: 5757:. Routledge. 5756: 5749: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5690:1-59084-887-X 5686: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5667: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5622: 5616: 5602:on 2011-05-19 5598: 5591: 5585: 5577: 5576: 5568: 5559: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5496: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5458: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5420: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5287: 5280: 5274: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5178: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5111: 5098: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5034: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4988: 4982: 4968:on 2016-03-04 4964: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4826: 4820: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4729: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4686: 4679: 4673: 4659:on 2022-08-19 4658: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4597: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4557:public domain 4552: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4425: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4296: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4225: 4218: 4216:0-521-24304-1 4212: 4208: 4201: 4191: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4077: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3915: 3905: 3896: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3494:PLOS Genetics 3491: 3484: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3387: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3362: 3355: 3346: 3344: 3334: 3328:, p. 16. 3327: 3322: 3314: 3312:9789004306493 3308: 3304: 3297: 3289: 3287:9781498538374 3283: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3264:Rashid ad-din 3260: 3251: 3244:. p. 31. 3243: 3236: 3226: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3153: 3145: 3139: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3107: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3074: 3073: 3065: 3063: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3029: 3023: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2782: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2692:in Uzbek and 2691: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2604: 2596: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2547:Male clothing 2540: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2413:Uzbek Khanate 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2129: 2128:United States 2124: 2119: 2115: 2105: 2097: 2088: 2086: 2085:Islam Karimov 2081: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050:Remco Reiding 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030:Hatam Kadirov 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018:Samarkandites 2015: 2011: 2008: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1968: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1909: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1836: 1835:Janid dynasty 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1654: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1633:Mongol Empire 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1608:Mongol period 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1592:and his son, 1591: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526:Sultan Mahmud 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1472:Ismail Samani 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1453:Ismail Samani 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1380:, one of the 1379: 1375: 1374:Bahram Chobin 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1283: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1192: 1188: 1185:excavated in 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1163: 1154: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1126:nomad state. 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1056: 1046: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1007: 1003: 1002: 1001:Haplogroup C2 998: 995: 994: 990: 987: 985: 981: 980: 979: 977: 967: 965: 961: 957: 956:Indo-Iranians 952: 950: 946: 942: 941:Abkhaz people 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 921:Kyrgyz people 912: 909: 905: 901: 897: 890:, Uzbekistan. 889: 884: 877: 876: 871: 867: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 817: 813: 809: 805: 804: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 788: 787:lingua franca 783: 779: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 718: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 652: 650: 646: 641: 639: 638:Seljuk Empire 635: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 560: 550: 548: 544: 540: 539:United States 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 477: 459: 436: 430: 426: 417: 413: 409: 404: 401: 396: 391: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 371: 370: 366: 365: 362: 357: 354:52,304 (2022) 353: 351: 350:United States 339: 335: 333: 321: 317: 315: 303: 299: 297: 285: 281: 278: 265: 261: 259: 247: 243: 241: 229: 225: 223: 211: 207: 205: 193: 189: 187: 175: 170: 152: 144: 135: 127: 117: 111: 109: 104: 99: 95: 90: 89: 80: 77: 69: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This section 41: 32: 31: 26: 22: 9252: 9053:Azerbaijanis 9031: 8977:Chala Kazakh 8830: 8824:Kaifeng Jews 8780: 8773: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8597: 8577: 8565: 8543: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8491: 8479: 8452: 8440: 8289: 8267: 8260: 8253: 8233: 8226: 8212: 8182: 8170:Austronesian 8157: 8150: 8143: 8106: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8038: 8026: 8006: 7999: 7969: 7957: 7950: 7938: 7921: 7909: 7902: 7885: 7878:Lolo-Burmese 7855: 7841: 7824: 7808:Sino-Tibetan 7795: 7690: 7440:Azerbaijanis 7421: 7012:Lipka Tatars 6885:Tozhu Tuvans 6845:Volga Tatars 6558:Akto Turkmen 6513: 6451:Libyan Turks 6411:Cretan Turks 6326:Akto Turkmen 6275:Tajik Kyrgyz 6262:Akto Turkmen 6149:Azerbaijanis 6077: 6073: 6049: 6042: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6012: 6000: 5991: 5969:. Retrieved 5955: 5943:. Retrieved 5939:the original 5929: 5917:. Retrieved 5913:the original 5903: 5891:. Retrieved 5881: 5869:. Retrieved 5860: 5850: 5838:. Retrieved 5834:the original 5824: 5812:. Retrieved 5798: 5787:. Retrieved 5773: 5754: 5748: 5722:. Retrieved 5716:(10): 1–19. 5713: 5709: 5699: 5674: 5666: 5654:. Retrieved 5641: 5604:. Retrieved 5597:the original 5584: 5573: 5567: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5531: 5522: 5511:. Retrieved 5501: 5495: 5484:. Retrieved 5464: 5457: 5446:. Retrieved 5426: 5419: 5408:. Retrieved 5398: 5391: 5379:. Retrieved 5359: 5352: 5331:cite journal 5319:. Retrieved 5304: 5293:. Retrieved 5273: 5261:. Retrieved 5257:the original 5246: 5234:. Retrieved 5220: 5208:. Retrieved 5188: 5177: 5165:. Retrieved 5161:the original 5151: 5124: 5118: 5097:cite journal 5086:. Retrieved 5071: 5060:. Retrieved 5040: 5033: 5022:. Retrieved 5002: 4995: 4970:. Retrieved 4963:the original 4936:. Retrieved 4916: 4909: 4898:. Retrieved 4884: 4873:. Retrieved 4859: 4847:. 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Retrieved 2796: 2689: 2687: 2663: 2658: 2655:Central Asia 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2560: 2550: 2517: 2513:missionaries 2482:Christianity 2479: 2431:Sunni Muslim 2428: 2409:Soviet Union 2382: 2366:Soviet Union 2330:, Semarjiq, 2285: 2282:Uzbek tribes 2244: 2229: 2224:Arabic nisba 2220: 2217:Saudi Arabia 2196: 2170:Saudi Arabia 2143: 2132: 2102: 2099:Uzbek elders 2062: 2034:Zair Muratov 2014:Soviet Union 2007:Nazi Germany 2004: 1975:Soviet Union 1953: 1949:protectorate 1937: 1925: 1890: 1855: 1839: 1831: 1824:in 1924 and 1804: 1800: 1757: 1746:Uzbek period 1717: 1713: 1710: 1686: 1657: 1626: 1615: 1611: 1598:Genghis Khan 1584: 1581: 1573:Kara-Khitans 1569:Ahmed Sanjar 1549: 1545: 1538: 1534: 1507: 1484: 1480: 1464:'Amr-i Laith 1457: 1426: 1371: 1351: 1335: 1323: 1293: 1247: 1244: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219:, Samarkand. 1178: 1170: 1139: 1132: 1128: 1121: 1102: 1079: 1075:civilization 1068:Central Asia 1065: 1034: 1027: 1016: 999: 993:Haplogroup J 991: 982: 973: 953: 937: 918: 893: 873: 855:Central Asia 835:Oghuz Turkss 795: 785: 773:Turko-Mongol 770: 726:Tang dynasty 723: 719: 708: 697: 681:Khwarazmians 658: 649:Golden Horde 642: 631: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 600: 596: 593:lord himself 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 573:Oghuz Khagan 571:named after 564: 562: 535:Saudi Arabia 519:Turkmenistan 479:ethnic group 424: 422: 367: 314:Saudi Arabia 277:Turkmenistan 137:Ethnic group 134: 124:October 2023 121: 105: 103:lead section 72: 66:October 2023 63: 52:Please help 44: 8668:Fuyu Kyrgyz 7455:Karakalpaks 7233:Toquz Oghuz 7172:Oghuz Turks 7139:Sir-Kıvchak 6933:Afghanistan 6676:Qarai Turks 6592:Tor Uyghurs 6571:Fuyu Kyrgyz 6519:Karakalpaks 6388:Kouloughlis 6192:Karapapakhs 5656:4 September 4849:26 November 2649:Before the 2490:charismatic 2486:evangelical 2362:Ibrahim Bek 2271:Zeytinburnu 2154:South Korea 2072: [ 2038:Netherlands 1822:Afghanistan 1818:Photographs 1724:Taza Uzbeks 1696:, became a 1594:Muhammad II 1530:Qarakhanids 1518:Afghanistan 1503:Persianized 1499:Transoxiana 1495:Caspian Sea 1468:Al-Mu'tadid 1449:Transoxania 1429:Saman Khuda 1398:Transoxania 1319:Talas River 1236:Tokharistan 962:, from the 894:The modern 758:Qara Khitai 746:Transoxiana 738:Transoxiana 602:bek/bey/beg 589:genuine man 585:independent 569:eponymously 503:Afghanistan 400:Sunni Islam 204:Afghanistan 9274:Categories 9184:Tajikistan 9058:Bulgarians 9025:Kashgartsy 9015:Ukrainians 8874:chauvinism 8853:Pakistanis 8836:Chaoxianzu 8448:Sogwo Arig 8367:Muumyangan 8352:Khishigten 8200:Hmong-Mien 8152:Vietnamese 7796:Underlined 7724:Pakistanis 7636:Nuristanis 6280:Van Kyrgyz 6162:Shahsevans 5789:2020-06-06 5724:30 October 5675:Uzbekistan 5606:2010-11-30 5513:2020-10-24 5486:2020-10-24 5448:2016-02-11 5410:2016-01-04 5381:24 October 5295:2018-09-21 5210:24 October 5088:2017-12-03 5062:2020-10-24 5024:2020-10-24 4972:2016-01-04 4938:2020-10-24 4900:2023-11-26 4875:2023-11-26 4754:2016-01-04 4719:2016-01-04 4663:2023-03-23 4634:2017-05-09 4586:12 October 4484:8 November 4453:24 October 4415:2020-10-24 4324:13 October 4286:2021-02-15 4195:1685–1731. 3978:2021-01-17 3970:: Fig. B. 3943:17 January 3672:Inner Asia 3561:(1): 110. 3097:2024-02-28 3052:2024-02-28 3013:2024-02-28 2946:2024-02-28 2921:2024-02-28 2896:2021-08-09 2867:2024-02-28 2812:2024-02-28 2788:References 2781:Uzbekistan 2694:Tyubeteika 2628:khan-atlas 2524:Kazakhstan 2501:Christians 2497:Kazakhstan 2493:Protestant 2449:and 1% as 2368:, in 1920. 2251:Bukharlyks 2247:Afghan War 2207:Jalal-Abad 2176:Kyrgyzstan 2056:. 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Jung, 3454:Jan Rypka 2666:communism 2608:Samarkand 2445:, 18% as 2338:, Oklan, 2326:, Musit, 1957:Jadidists 1732:Samarkand 1690:Ulugh Beg 1653:Samarkand 1637:Chaghatai 1600:with his 1579:in 1141. 1514:Amu Darya 1439:; Ahmad, 1437:Samarkand 1422:Saffarids 1414:Samarkand 1213:Varkhuman 1187:Samarkand 1119:Empires. 1098:Tokharian 857:with the 798:process. 771:Although 715:Samarkand 711:Kidarites 677:Bactrians 591:, or the 577:Oghuz Beg 553:Etymology 458:Oʻzbeklar 359:Languages 151:Oʻzbeklar 108:summarize 58:talk page 9248:Russians 9005:Russians 8965:Majority 8843:Macanese 8814:Japanese 8775:Russians 8757:Iranians 8653:Altaians 8590:Tungusic 8362:Khuuchid 8357:Khorchin 8347:Kharchin 8302:Abaganar 8275:Hamnigan 8246:Mongolic 8178:Filipino 7995:Gyalrong 7729:Russians 7686:Turkmens 7656:Punjabis 7651:Pashtuns 7505:Kharduri 7500:Chagatai 7490:Russians 7358:Turkmens 7346:Turkmeni 7203:Saragurs 7147:Kurykans 7133:Kipchaks 7118:Keraites 7103:Göktürks 7093:Dughlats 7083:Dingling 7053:Berendei 6904:Mongolia 6874:Tofalars 6838:Nağaybäk 6742:Bashkirs 6729:Tubalars 6715:Chelkans 6709:Altaians 6530:in China 6362:Tahtacıs 6355:Muhacirs 6296:Turkmens 5971:26 April 5965:Archived 5945:26 April 5919:26 April 5893:26 April 5871:26 April 5865:Archived 5840:26 April 5814:26 April 5808:Archived 5783:Archived 5718:Archived 5650:Archived 5615:cite web 5507:Archived 5480:Archived 5442:Archived 5404:Archived 5375:Archived 5321:26 April 5315:Archived 5286:Archived 5263:26 April 5236:26 April 5230:Archived 5204:Archived 5167:26 April 5082:Archived 5056:Archived 5018:Archived 4981:cite web 4932:Archived 4894:Archived 4869:Archived 4843:Archived 4809:26 April 4803:Archived 4783:26 April 4777:Archived 4745:Archived 4710:Archived 4628:Archived 4604:Archived 4580:Archived 4540:Archived 4478:Archived 4447:Archived 4409:Archived 4318:Archived 4280:Archived 3972:Archived 3937:Archived 3890:457–472. 3866:Archived 3838:Archived 3809:20140442 3758:Lee 2017 3746:Lee 2017 3731:Lee 2017 3719:Lee 2017 3707:Lee 2017 3653:36006373 3595:29297395 3534:25898006 3410:Archived 3230:ruler)." 3215:26 April 3209:Archived 3189:Archived 3138:cite web 3091:Archived 3046:Archived 3022:cite web 3007:Archived 2968:Archived 2940:Archived 2915:Archived 2890:Archived 2861:Archived 2841:13 April 2835:Archived 2806:Archived 2709:See also 2676:Headgear 2659:parandga 2632:bekasama 2528:atheists 2511:through 2463:Jadidism 2419:Religion 2405:Cyrillic 2373:Language 2322:, Yabu, 2312:Turcoman 2235:Pakistan 2026:Smolensk 1940:Caucasus 1826:Tashkent 1764:Tashkent 1669:Aral Sea 1665:Caucasus 1604:armies. 1491:Mongolia 1476:Khorasan 1433:al-Mamun 1402:Khorasan 1394:Abbasids 1386:Abbasids 1360:and the 1358:Samanids 1175:Khingila 1117:Sassanid 1113:Parthian 1094:Soghdian 1090:Khwarazm 1086:Bactrian 1030:Ferghana 1019:Tashkent 1006:Mongolic 933:Bashkirs 843:Kipchaks 831:Göktürks 673:Sogdians 665:Khwarazm 623:Uğuz-bek 621:to form 547:Pakistan 474:) are a 469:اۉزبېکلر 464:Ўзбеклар 393:Religion 332:Pakistan 162:اۉزبېکلر 157:Ўзбеклар 9233:Koreans 9228:Kazakhs 9218:Badzhui 9208:Afghans 9093:Madjars 9083:Koreans 9063:Chinese 9020:Uyghurs 9000:Germans 8982:Oralman 8972:Kazakhs 8862:Related 8832:Koreans 8809:Indians 8762:Nepalis 8732:Western 8712:Uyghurs 8613:Manchus 8504:Tai Nua 8499:Tai Lue 8472:Kra–Dai 8460:Eastern 8442:Monguor 8414:Onnigud 8402:Torghut 8392:Khoshut 8382:Dzungar 8372:Naimans 8342:Khalkha 8332:Jalaids 8322:Chahars 8317:Buryats 8312:Baarins 8291:Mongols 8280:Kangjia 8184:Gaoshan 8040:Tibetan 8019:Tibetic 7982:Qiangic 7929:Laomian 7868:Waxiang 7863:Longjia 7817:Sinitic 7719:Indians 7671:Hazaras 7646:Pashayi 7641:Pamiris 7616:Gurjars 7465:Koreans 7460:Kazakhs 7370:Ottoman 7354:Iranian 7350:Afghani 7298:Mughals 7293:Hazaras 7243:Utigurs 7218:Türgesh 7193:Onogurs 7167:Nushibi 7162:Naimans 7123:Khazars 7113:Karluks 7068:Chigils 7063:Bulgars 7048:Barsils 6986:Europe 6965:Ansarlu 6911:Khotons 6869:Teleuts 6762:Dolgans 6757:Chuvash 6752:Chulyms 6737:Balkars 6681:Qashqai 6666:Khalajs 6644:in Iran 6586:Uyghurs 6309:Ansarlu 6220:Kazakhs 6134:Peoples 5984:Sources 4678:"CP 77" 4626:. 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