Pashtuns - Knowledge

7922:; An Ethnic Interpretation of Pauranika Personages, 1971, p 34, Chandra Chakraberty; Revue internationale, 1803, p 803; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City). University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Edinburgh University Publications, 1969, p 113, University of Edinburgh; Shi jie jian wen, 1930, p 68 by Shi jie zhi shi chu ban she. Cf also: Advanced History of Medieval India, 1983, p 31, Dr J. L. Mehta; Asian Relations, 1948, p 301, Asian Relations Organization ("Distributed in the United States by: Institute of Pacific Relations, New York."); Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1892, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society - Geography; The geographical dictionary of ancient and mediaeval India, 1971, p 87, Nundo Lal Dey; Nag Sen of Milind Paṅhö, 1996, p 64, P. K. Kaul - Social Science; The Sultanate of Delhi, 1959, p 30, Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava; Journal of Indian History, 1965, p 354, University of Kerala Dept. of History, University of Allahabad Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore - India; Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales, 1858, p 313, fn 3, Stanislas Julien Xuanzang - Buddhism. 8597:

that one branch of pre-Paṣ̌tō had already, before the splitting off of Waṇ., retained some special connection with Munǰī, an assumption unsupported by any other facts. Apart from l <*δ the only agreement between Paṣ̌tō and Munǰī appears to be Pṣ̌t. zə; Munǰī zo/a "I." Note also Pṣ̌t. l but Munǰī x̌ < θ (Pṣ̌t. plan "wide", cal(w)or "four", but Munǰī paҳəy, čfūr, Yidḡa čšīr < *čəҳfūr). Paṣ̌tō has dr-, wr- < *θr-, *fr- like Khotanese Saka (see above 23). An isolated, but important, agreement with Sangl. is the remarkable change of *rs/z > Pṣ̌t. ҳt/ǧd; Sangl. ṣ̌t/ẓ̌d (obəҳta "juniper;" Sangl. wəṣ̌t; (w)ūǧd "long;" vəẓ̌dük) (see above 25). But we find similar development also in Shugh. ambaҳc, vūγ̌j. The most plausible explanation seems to be that *rs (with unvoiced r) became *ṣ̌s and, with differentiation *ṣ̌c, and *rz, through *ẓ̌z > ẓ̌j (from which Shugh. ҳc, γ̌j). Pṣ̌t. and Sangl. then shared a further differentiation into ṣ̌t, ẓ̌d ( > Pṣ̌t. ҳt, ğd).

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Pashtuns belongs to West Eurasian lineages, and share a greater affinity with West Eurasian and Central Asian populations rather than to populations of South Asia or East Asia. The haplogroup analysis indicates the Pashtuns and Tajiks in Afghanistan share ancestral heritage. Among the studied ethnic groups, the Pashtuns have the greatest mtDNA diversity. The most frequent haplogroup among Pakistani Pashtuns is haplogroup R which is found at a rate of 28-50%. Haplogroup J2 was found in 9% to 24% depending on the study and Haplogroup E has been found at a frequency of 4% to 13%. Haplogroup L occurs at a rate of 8%. Certain Pakistani Pashtun groups exhibit high levels of R1b. Overall Pashtun groups are genetically diverse, and the Pashtun ethnic group is not a single genetic population. Different Pashtun groups exhibit different genetic backgrounds, resulting in considerable heterogeneity.

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Trivandrum, India (City), University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations, 1970, p 17, Chandra Chakraberty; Stile der Portugiesischen lyrik im 20 jahrhundert, p 124, Winfried Kreutzen.; See: Works, 1865, p 164, Dr H. H. Wilson; The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83; Chants populaires des Afghans, 1880, p clxiv, James Darmesteter; Nouvelle geographie universelle v. 9, 1884, p.59, Elisée Reclus; Alexander the Great, 2004, p.318, Lewis Vance Cummings (Biography & Autobiography); Nouveau dictionnaire de géographie universelle contenant 1o La géographie physique ... 2o La .., 1879, Louis Rousselet,

3500: 1032: 3549: 3717: 64: 1620: 3319:, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men have predominantly East Asian origin paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and 2534: 1651:"To Ormuzd Bunukan, from Bredag Watanan ... greetings and homage from ... ), the ( sotang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) from you, so I have heard how written ' ' to me concerning ] my health . I arrived in good health, ( and ) ( afterwards ( ? ) ' ' I heard that a message ] was sent thither to you ( saying ) thus : ... look after the farming but the order was given to you thus. You should hand over the grain and then request it from the citizens store: I will not order, so.....I Myself order And I in Respect of winter sends men thither to you then look after the farming, To Ormuzd Bunukan, Greetings" 2006: 11721:...because of the state's patronage, Urdu is now the most widely-spoken language in Pakistan. But the preponderance of one language over all others eats upon the sphere of influence of other, smaller languages, which alienates the respective nationalities and fuels aversion towards the central leadership...If we look to our state policies regarding the promotion of Pashto and the interests of the Pakhtun political elite, it is clear that the future of the Pashto language is dark. And when the future of a language is dark, the future of the people is dark. 2662: 283: 5427:

Hazaras gained autonomy in the recent war.___Nomads depend on peasants for their staple food, grain, while peasants rely on nomads for animal products, trade goods, credit, and information...Nomads are also ideally situated for smuggling. For some Baluch and Pashtun nomads, as well as settled tribes in border areas, smuggling has been a source of more income than agriculture or pastoralism. Seasonal migration patterns of nomads have been disrupted by war and state formation throughout history, and the Afghan-Soviet war was no exception.

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common by the vari- ous regional Hazara groups and so had provided important bases for large "tribal" affiliations to be maintained. With the loss of their sum- mer pastures the units of practical Hazara affiliation declined. Also, Hazara leaders were killed or deported, and their lands were confis- cated. These activities of the Afghan government, carried on as a deliberate policy, sometimes exacerbated by other outrages effected by the Pashtun pastoralists, emasculated the Hazaras.

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class. The idea he was conveying was that students do not really have enough ability in Urdu to operate totally in that language. He also expressed the thought that Pashto-speaking students in the area really do not learn Urdu very well in public school and that they are thus somewhat ill prepared to meet the expectation that they will know how to use Urdu and English when they reach the college level. He likened the education system to a wall that has weak bricks at the bottom.

1915: 3837: 14182: 6929:

Pathans in India is twice their population in Afghanistan and though we no longer have ties (with that country), we have a common ancestry and feel it's our duty to help put an end to this menace", Atif added. Academicians, social activists, writers and religious scholars are part of the initiative. The All India Muslim Majlis, All India Minorities Federation and several other organisations have joined the call for peace and are making preparations for the jirga.

121: 223: 12756:"The Modern Eastern Iranian languages are even more numerous and varied. Most of them are classified as North-Eastern: Ossetic; Yaghnobi (which derives from a dialect closely related to Sogdian); the Shughni group (Shughni, Roshani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sarikoli), with which Yaz-1ghulami (Sokolova 1967) and the now extinct Wanji (J. Payne in Schmitt, p. 420) are closely linked; Ishkashmi, Sanglichi, and Zebaki; Wakhi; Munji and Yidgha; and Pashto." 6707:

India is twice their population in Afghanistan and though we no longer have ties (with that country), we have a common ancestry and feel it's our duty to help put an end to this menace," Atif added. Academicians, social activists, writers and religious scholars are part of the initiative. The All India Muslim Majlis, All India Minorities Federation and several other organisations have joined the call for peace and are making preparations for the jirga.

101: 2904: 163: 2492:"The 'mythified' misconception that the Pashtuns are the descendants of the lost tribes of Israel is a fabrication popularized in 14th-century India. A claim that is full of logical inconsistencies and historical incongruities, and stands in stark contrast to the conclusive evidence of the Indo-Iranian origin of Pashtuns supported by the incontrovertible DNA sequencing that the genome analysis revealed scientifically." 263: 2509:"Our study demonstrates genetic similarities between Pathans from Afghanistan and Pakistan, both of which are characterized by the predominance of haplogroup R1a1a*-M198 (>50%) and the sharing of the same modal haplotype...Although Greeks and Jews have been proposed as ancestors to Pathans, their genetic origin remains ambiguous...Overall, Ashkenazi Jews exhibit a frequency of 15.3% for haplogroup R1a1a-M198" 141: 4562: 4558:

include witnessing women's ceremonies, mobilising women to practice religious festivals, preparing the female dead for burial, and performing services for deceased women. She also arranges marriages for her own family and arbitrates conflicts for men and women. Though many Pashtun women remain tribal and illiterate, some have completed universities and joined the regular employment world.

3725: 1474:"The northern regions of the country are inhabited by the Bolitai, the western regions by the Aristophyloi below whom live the Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). The southern regions are inhabited by the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), the eastern regions by the Ambautai. The towns and villages lying in the country of the Paropanisadai are these: Parsiana Zarzaua/Barzaura Artoarta Baborana Kapisa niphanda" 5396:

animals and wool from them, to be redeemed in local produce and fodder over a number of years. Nomads regard these friendships as important interest-bearing investments akin to the lands some of them own in the same villages; recently villagers have sometimes withheld their dues, but relations between the participants are cordial, in spite of latent tensions and backbiting.

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increasingly being challenged by women's rights organisations which find themselves struggling with conservative religious groups as well as government officials in both Pakistan and Afghanistan. According to a 1992 book, "a powerful ethic of forbearance severely limits the ability of traditional Pashtun women to mitigate the suffering they acknowledge in their lives."

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that when Daoud visited Hazaristan in the 1950s. where the majority of the population are Hazaras, the local people com- plained about Pashtun nomads bringing their cattle to their grazing lands and destroying their harvest and land. Daoud responded that it was the right of the Pashtuns to do so and that the land belonged to them (Kishtmand 2002: 106).

3533:. In Pakistan, although being the second-largest language being spoken, it is often neglected officially in the education system. This has been criticised as adversely impacting the economic advancement of Pashtuns, as students do not have the ability to comprehend what is being taught in other languages fully. Robert Nichols remarks: 10278:

Afghanistan and offered a host of memories. And I was able to meet Badshah Khan's surviving children, Wali Khan, the famous political figure of the NWFP, and his half-sister, Mehr Taj, whose husband Yahya Jan, a schoolmaster who became a Minister in the Frontier, was the brother of the late Mohammed Yunus, who had made India his home.

2086:, another Scythian-descending language, share cognates in their vocabulary which other Eastern Iranian languages lack Cheung suggests a common isogloss between Pashto and Ossetian which he explains by an undocumented Saka dialect being spoken close to reconstructed Old Pashto which was likely spoken north of the 1987:. Is there one specific beginning? And are the Pashtuns originally identical with the Afghans? Although the Pashtuns nowadays constitute a clear ethnic group with their own language and culture, there is no evidence whatsoever that all modern Pashtuns share the same ethnic origin. In fact it is highly unlikely." 8922:

A number of genetic studies of the Pashtuns have been conducted recently by researchers of various universities and research groups. The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns of Pakistan has been investigated in . In this study, the claim of the three populations of the region, i.e. the Pashtuns, the Kalash

6420:'Pathan', an Urdu and a Hindi term, was usually used by the British when speaking in English. They preferred it to 'Pashtun', 'Pashtoon', 'Pakhtun' or 'Pukhtun', all Pashtu versions of the same word, which the frontier tribesmen would have used when speaking of themselves in their own Pashtu dialects. 4603:

of Afghanistan made rapid reforms to improve women's lives and their position in the family. She was the only woman to appear on the list of rulers in Afghanistan. Credited with having been one of the first and most powerful Afghan and Muslim female activists. Her advocacy of social reforms for women

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There is a small Sikh community in the largely ungoverned Orakzai tribal region, while a few live in Kurram's regional headquarters of Parachinar. They consider themselves "sons of the soil" – Pashtuns to be more specific – and are identified as such. "We are proud to be Pashtuns," says Sahib Singh.

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Given the range of raiders and residents that the area has seen over the centuries, it is easy to see why today's Pashtuns could be descended from Persians, Greeks, Turks, Bactrians, Scythians, Tartars, Huns, Mongols, Moghuls or anyone else who has crossed the region over the years.__More unexpected

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In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million Afghans--mostly Pashtun--fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the

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In 1846, the British sought to segregate settled areas on the frontier from the pastoral Pashtun communities found in the surrounding hills." British au- thorities made no attempt "to advance into the highlands, or even to secure the main passages through the mountains such as the Khyber Pass."2" In

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A typical issue that continues to disturb social order in Afghanistan even at the present time (2012) concerns the Pashtun nomads and grazing lands. Throughout the period 1929 78, governments supported the desire of the Pashtun nomads to take their cattle to graze in Hazara regions. Kishtmand writes

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In some parts of Afghanistan, Pashtun nomads favored by the state often clashed with non- Pashtun (especially Hazara) peasants. Much of their pasture was granted to them by the state after being expropriated from conquered non-Pashtun communities. The nomads appear to have lost these pastures as the

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was selected as Miss Afghanistan in 2003, a feat that was received with a mixture of support from those who back the individual rights of women and those who view such displays as anti-traditionalist and un-Islamic. Some have attained political office in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A number of Pashtun

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The Durranis and Ghiljis (or Ghilzais) are the two largest groups of Pashtuns, with approximately two-thirds of Afghan Pashtuns belonging to these confederations. The Durrani tribe has been more urban and politically successful, while the Ghiljis are more numerous, more rural, and reputedly tougher.

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He retired, therefore, with his family, and a number of Arab retainers, into the Sulaiman Mountains, situated between Multan and Peshawar, where he took up his residence, and gave his daughter in marriage to one of the Afghan chiefs, who had become a proselyte to Mahomedism. From this marriage many

1503:"Most of the Scythians...each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes (Syr Darya)" 12441:

The friends from Peshawar would speak of Hindu and Sikh Pashtuns who had migrated to India. In the tribal areas – the no man's land between Afghanistan and Pakistan – quite a few Hindus stayed on and were protected by the tribal codes. The same was true in Afghanistan itself (till the mujahidin and

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A brief interview with the principal of the high school in Madyan, along with a number of his teachers, helps to underscore the importance of Pashto in the school domain within Pashtoon territory. He reported that Pashto is used by teachers to explain things to students all the way up through tenth

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As is well known, the Pashtun people place a great deal of pride upon their language as an identifier of their distinct ethnic and historical identity. While it is clear that not all those who self-identify as ethnically Pashtun themselves use Pashto as their primary language, language does seem to

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It shares with Munǰī the change of *δ > l, but this tendency extends also to Sogdian. The Waṇ. dialect shares with Munǰī the change of -t- > -y-/0. If we want to assume that this agreement points to some special connection, and not to a secondary, parallel development, we should have to admit

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The Hazaras, who rebelled and fought an extended war against the Afghan government, were stripped of their control over the Hindu Kush pastures and the pastures were given to the Pashtun pastoralists. This had a devastating impact on the Hazara's society and economy. These pastures had been held in

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of Afghanistan, settlement attested by Jewish inscriptions in Ghor. Historian André Wink suggests that the story "may contain a clue to the remarkable theory of the Jewish origin of some of the Afghan tribes which is persistently advocated in the Persian-Afghan chronicles." These references to Bani

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in northern Iran. The remnants of this once sizable exiled community, although assimilated, continue to claim Pashtun descent. During the early 18th century, in the course of a very few years, the number of Durrani Pashtuns in Iranian Khorasan, greatly increased. Later the region became part of the

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Besides Peshawar, literary and cultural organisations in Swat, Malakand, Buner, Swabi, Mardan, Nowshera, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu, Karak and tribal districts organised events to mark the importance of mother tongue.They were of the view that Pashto curriculum from 1st grade to 12th grade

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Nagy, Péter L.; Olasz, Judit; Neparáczki, Endre; Rouse, Nicholas; Kapuria, Karan; Cano, Samantha; Chen, Huijie; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Runfeldt, Goran; Ekomasova, Natalia; Maróti, Zoltán; Jeney, János; Litvinov, Sergey; Dzhaubermezov, Murat; Gabidullina, Lilya; Szentirmay, Zoltán; Szabados, György;

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The Hephthalites may also have participated in the origin of the Afghans. The Afghan tribe Abdal is one of the big tribes that has lived there for centuries. Renaming the Abdals to Durrani occurred in 1747, when descendants from the Sadozai branch Zirak of this tribe, Ahmad-khan Abdali, became the

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Nāder Shah also defeated the last independent Ḡalzay ruler of Qandahār, Shah Ḥosayn Hotak, Shah Maḥmūd's brother in 1150/1738. Shah Ḥosayn and large numbers of the Ḡalzī were deported to Mazandarān (Marvī, pp. 543-52; Lockhart, 1938, pp. 115-20). The remnants of this once sizable exiled community,

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The politics of writing Pashto language textbooks in a nationalist environment promoting integration through Islam and Urdu had unique effects. There was no lesson on any twentieth century Pakhtun, especially Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the anti-British, pro-Pakhtun nationalist. There was no lesson on the

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See few more references on Asvaka = Afghan: The Numismatic Chronicle, 1893, p 100, Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain); Awq, 1983, p 5, Giorgio Vercellin; Der Islam, 1960, p 58, Carl Heinrich Becker, Maymūn ibn al-Qāsim Tabarānī; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470,

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Pathans are now scattered across the country, and have pockets of influence in parts of UP, Bihar and other states. They have also shone in several fields, especially Bollywood and sports. Famous Indian Pathans include Dilip Kumar, Shah Rukh Khan and Irfan Pathan. "The population of Pathans in

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Underhill, Peter A.; Poznik, G. David; Rootsi, Siiri; Järve, Mari; Lin, Alice A.; Wang, Jianbin; Passarelli, Ben; Kanbar, Jad; Myres, Natalie M.; King, Roy J.; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Behar, Doron M.; Kushniarevich, Alena; Šarac, Jelena; Šaric, Tena; Rudan, Pavao; Pathak, Ajai

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Kumar; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Grugni, Viola; Semino, Ornella; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Farjadian, Shirin; Balanovsky, Oleg; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Herrera, Rene J.; Chiaroni, Jacques; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Quake, Stephen R.; Kivisild, Toomas; Villems, Richard (January 2015).

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In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million Afghans--mostly Pashtun--fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindustani-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the

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The Haplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population as well as the population shar- ing the common African ancestor. This Haplogroup was found 6.5 % in both the Greek and Pashtun population while 55.6% in the Israel population. The Israel popu- lation however did not result in exact match for

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people are descended from several ancestral groups. Likely the foundational population were of eastern Iranian (Persian) origin and brought the Indo-European language east with them. They probably mixed with other peoples, including possibly the Hephthalites or White Huns, 'Arabs', Mughals, and

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As for the Pashtun nomads, passing the length of the region, they maintain a complex chain of transactions involving goods and information. Most important, each nomad household has a series of 'friends' in Uzbek, Aymak and Hazara villages along the route, usually debtors who take cash advances,

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reaches 9% in Afghan Pashtuns and is the second most frequent haplogroup in Pashtuns from southern Afghanistan. Haplogroup L and Haplogroup J2 occurs at an overall frequency of 6%. According to a Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan, the majority of mtDNA among Afghan

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Pathans are now scattered across the country, and have pockets of influence in parts of UP, Bihar and other states. They have also shone in several fields, especially Bollywood and sports. The three most famous Indian Pathans are Dilip Kumar, Shah Rukh Khan and Irfan Pathan. "The population of

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Pashtun women these days vary from the traditional housewives who live in seclusion to urban workers, some of whom seek or have attained parity with men. But due to numerous social hurdles, the literacy rate remains considerably lower for them than for males. Abuse against women is present and

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Pashtun women are known to be modest and honorable because of their modest dressing. The lives of Pashtun women vary from those who reside in the ultra-conservative rural areas to those found in urban centres. At the village level, the female village leader is called "qaryadar". Her duties may

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The Pashtuns have made a vital contribution in diverse spheres of life: all rulers of Afghanistan since 1747, except for a nine-month interlude in 1929 and between 1992 and 1996, have been Pashtuns. In Pakistan, Ayub Khan, a Tarin Pashtun, as also Gen. Yahya Khan and Ghulam Ishaq Khan, became

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Ruled now by parties of the religious right, the Frontier province emerges soon after one proceeds westwards from Islamabad. I was lucky to find Ajmal Khan Khattak in his humble home in Akora Khattak, beyond the Indus. Once Badshah Khan's young lieutenant, Mr. Khattak spent years with him in

12657:, TRT World, 2019-04-16, "Hasanabdal is home to around 200 Sikh families that have primarily moved from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, including Pakistan's former tribal areas. The majority are Pashtun Sikhs who abandoned their homes and took refuge near Sikhism's historical sites." 6875:

Superstar Salman Khan is a Pashtun from the Akuzai clan...One has to travel roughly forty-five kilometres from Mingora towards Peshawar to reach the nondescript town of Malakand. This is the place where the forebears of Salman Khan once lived. They belonged to the Akuzai clan of the Pashtun

7858:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander " 7714:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander " 1027:

significant Pashtun diaspora communities exist. While speakers of Pashto in the country only number 21,677 as of 2011, estimates of the ethnic or ancestral Pashtun population in India range from 3,200,000 to 11,482,000 to as high as double their population in Afghanistan (approximately 30

2478:...if we consider the easy way with which all rude nations receive accounts favourable to their own antiquity, I fear we much class the descents of the Afghans from the Jews with that of the Romans and the British from the Trojans, and that of the Irish from the Milesians or Brahmins." 4348:

Pashtun performers remain avid participants in various physical forms of expression including dance, sword fighting, and other physical feats. Perhaps the most common form of artistic expression can be seen in the various forms of Pashtun dances. One of the most prominent dances is

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Barfield (2007: 11) depicts Pashtun identity as sort of Venn diagram where those claiming Pashtun descent belong to the largest circle, those using the Pashto language appear as a smaller subset, and those adhering to the Pashtun code of conduct are the most authentic Pashtun of

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The meat-eating Hindu Pashtuns are a little known tribe in India even today, with a distinct culture carried forward from Afghanistan and Balochistan which includes blue tattoos on the faces of the women, traditional Pashtun dancing and clothes heavily adorned with coins and

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Over a lakh Pakhtoons living in Jammu and Kashmir as nomad tribesmen without any nationality became Indian subjects on July 17. Batches of them received certificates to this effect from the Kashmir Prime Minister, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, at village Gutligabh, 17 miles from

1521:(Πασιανοί) states: "Both forms show slight phonetic substitutions, viz. of υ for ι, and the loss of r in Pasianoi is due to perseveration from the preceding Asianoi. They are therefore the most likely candidates as the (linguistic) ancestors of modern day Pashtuns." 1416:

Other Indians dwell near the town of Caspatyrus and the Pactyic country, north of the rest of India; these live like the Bactrians; they are of all Indians the most warlike, and it is they who are sent for the gold; for in these parts all is desolate because of the

12288:"it is believed that millennia ago they emerged from Kandahar in Afghanistan and the Sulaiman Mountains in Pakistan. They then began expanding into what is known as the NWFP today. They are believed to have mainly practiced the Buddhist and Zoroastrian religions." 1945:

of the Pashtun ethnic group is unclear. There are many conflicting theories amongst historians and the Pashtuns themselves. Modern scholars believe that Pashtuns do not all share the same origin. The early ancestors of modern-day Pashtuns may have belonged to old

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Many of the communities of ethnic Pashtuns (known as Pathans in India) that had emerged in India over the previous centuries lived peaceably among their Hindu neighbors. Most of these Indo-Afghans lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead spoke Hindi and

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If we compare the archaic structure of Pashto with the much simplified morphology of Persian, the leading modern Iranian language, we see that it stands to its 'second cousin' and neighbour in something like the same relationship as Icelandic does to

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serves as the second language of Pashtuns in Afghanistan, while those in Pakistan speak Urdu and English. In India, the majority of those of Pashtun descent have lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead speak Hindi and other regional languages.

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This theory of Pashtuns Jewish origin has been largely denied and is said that Its biblical claims are anecdotal, its historical documentation is inconsistent, its geographic claims are incoherent, and its linguistic assertions are implausible.

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Pashtun, also spelled Pushtun or Pakhtun, Hindustani Pathan, Persian Afghan, Pashto-speaking people residing primarily in the region that lies between the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan and the northern stretch of the Indus River in

2197:

The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns may also be traced on the basis of a homologous group. And Hoplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population, and this Hoplogroup is found in 6.5% of Greeks and Pashtuns and 55.6% of the Israelite population.

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Di Cristofaro, Julie; Pennarun, Erwan; Mazières, Stéphane; Myres, Natalie M.; Lin, Alice A.; Temori, Shah Aga; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Witzel, Michael; King, Roy J.; Underhill, Peter A.; Villems, Richard; Chiaroni, Jacques (2013).

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says they were permitted by the ruler to go east to Afghanistan. This inconsistency can be explained by the fact that Persia acquired the lands of the ancient Assyrian Empire when it conquered the Empire of the Medes and Chaldean

1978:

is so obscure, that no one, even among the oldest and most clever of the tribe, can give satisfactory information on this point." Others have suggested that a single origin of the Pashtuns is unlikely but rather they are a tribal

10993:(This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara UniversityMansehra, Pakistan). Hazara University, Mansehra. pp. 1–229. Docket 13737. 10119:

presidents; in India, Zakir Hussain, an Afridi Pashtun, became president. Muhammed Yusuf Khan (Dilip Kumar) and Mumtaz Jahan (Madhubala) were great Bollywood actors; Mansoor Ali Khan (Tiger Pataudi) led the Indian cricket team;

9241:. "The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present." 1804:"We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called 3961:

and many other books to the English language. Many Pashtuns want to reclaim their identity from being lumped in with the Taliban and international terrorism, which is not directly linked with Pashtun culture and history.

2825:

intervened in its southern neighbor Afghanistan in order to defeat a rising insurgency. The Afghan mujahideen were funded by the United States, Saudi Arabia, China and others, and included some Pashtun commanders such as

5763:

In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. . . . The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921). . .

1035:

Pashtun-inhabited areas in Pakistan and Afghanistan (including the southern borders of the former Soviet Union, the northeastern borders of Iran, and the northwestern borders of India disputed with Pakistan), in early

3949:, Islamic scholars, such as Maulana Aazam an author of more than five hundred books including Tafasee of the Quran as Naqeeb Ut Tafaseer, Tafseer Ul Aazamain, Tafseer e Naqeebi and Noor Ut Tafaseer etc., as well as 11790:

Khpalwaak Pakhtunistan Ghurzang on Sunday demanded the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government to introduce Pashto as a medium of instruction for the Pakhtun children as that was needed for their socio-economic development.

4883:

Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday, Yasmin, the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get

10818:

Zubair, Muhammad; Hemphill, Brian E.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Tariq, Muhammad; Ilyas, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib (August 2020). "Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Khattak and Kheshgi of the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan".

9393:

shah of Afghanistan. In 1747 the tribe changed its name to "Durrani" when Ahmad khan became the first king of Afghanistan and accepted the title "Dur-i-Duran" (the pearl of pearls, from Arabian: "durr" – pearl).

5489:

addition, the Close Border Policy tried to contract services from more resistant hill tribes in an attempt to co-opt them. In exchange for their cooperation, the tribes would receive a stipend for their services.

10766:

Ikram, Muhammad Salman; Mehmood, Tahir; Rakha, Allah; Akhtar, Sareen; Khan, Muhammad Imran Mahmood; Al-Qahtani, Wedad Saeed; Safhi, Fatmah Ahmed; Hadi, Sibte; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Adnan, Atif (30 November 2022).

3294:

The long wars in Afghanistan have led to Pashtuns gaining a reputation for being exceptional fighters. Some activists and intellectuals are trying to rebuild Pashtun intellectualism and its pre-war culture.

9163:

The fact is that the important Ghilzai tribe occupies now the region round Ghazni, where the Khalaj used to live and that historical data all point, to the transformation of the Turkish Khalaj into Afghan

9011:

In a nutshell, Bellew's thesis is that all Afghan tribal names can be traced to Greek and Rajput names, which posits the further possibility of a great Greek mixing with the ancient border tribes of India.

6180: 945:(the Hindustani word for Pashtun) both by themselves and other ethnic groups of the subcontinent. Some Indians claim descent from Pashtun soldiers who settled in India by marrying local women during the 1163:

with the other South Asian Muslim nationalities to form a common Indian Muslim community in tandem with the larger Indian community, losing their distinctive heritage. Some Pashtuns travelled as far as

13888:

Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. "An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation." Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969).

1881:; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Sulimany mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans. 6332:

By the late-eighteenth century perhaps 100,000 "Afghan" or "Puthan" migrants had established several generations of political control and economic consolidation within numerous Rohilkhand communities

4304:

and Pashto One. Pashtuns around the world, particularly those in Arab countries, watch these for entertainment purposes and to get latest news about their native areas. Others are Afghanistan-based

10975: 2443:, which had conquered Assyria decades earlier. But no ancient author mentions such a transfer of Israelites further east, or no ancient extra-Biblical texts refer to the Ten Lost Tribes at all. 8199:

A Glossary Of The Tribes And Castes Of The Punjab And North-West Frontier Province Vol. 3 By H.A. Rose, Denzil Ibbetson Sir Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1997, Page 211,

5553:

A majority of Pashtuns live south of the Hindu Kush (the 500-mile mountain range that covers northwestern Pakistan to central and eastern Pakistan) and with some Persian speaking ethnic groups.

3307:, with a frequency of 50-65%. Subclade R1a-Z2125 occurs at a frequency of 40%. This subclade is predominantly found in Tajiks, Turkmen, Uzbeks and in some populations in the Caucasus and Iran. 2401:, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the Afghanistan region. This oral tradition is widespread among the Pashtun tribes. There have been many legends over the centuries of descent from the 13780:

Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1988. "The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press.

7833:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses" 7695:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses" 5712: 13348: 13253: 8614:

It is, however, possible that the original home of Paṣ̌tō may have been in Badaḵšān, somewhere between Munǰī and Sangl. and Shugh., with some contact with a Saka dialect akin to Khotanese.

12645:, Indica News, 2020-01-05, "Nankana Sahib is also home to the largest Sikh Pashtun community, many of whom have migrated from the North West Frontier Provinces, renamed Khyber-Pakhtunwa." 8248:

The Afghans and Khiljis who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to

5819:

The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.

7146:

According to a sample survey in 1988, nearly 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the southern part of Persian Khorasan were Dorrānī, that is, about 280,000 people (Papoli-Yazdi, p. 62).

1171:

Today, the Pashtuns are a collection of diversely scattered communities present across the length and breadth of India, with the largest populations principally settled in the plains of

11848: 11762:

Sources say that this is mainly because the Pushto text books in use in the settled areas of N.W.F.P. are written in the Yusufzai dialect, which is not the dialect in use in the Agency

9566: 8069: 3323:. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon. 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122. 6657: 3364:, based on an important orthodox law of Pashtunwali which mainly requires that only those who have a Pashtun father are Pashtun. This definition places less emphasis on the language. 1387:

Together came the Pakthas (पक्थास), the Bhalanas, the Alinas, the Sivas, the Visanins. Yet to the Trtsus came the Ārya's Comrade, through love of spoil and heroes' war, to lead them.

9287:"The Khalaj West of the Oxus [excerpts from "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj", Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol 10, No 2, pp 417–437]" 8892:

haplotype of the 9 or 7 markers tested. Very few exact matches were found only with the 5 markers test. However the 7 marker test had many exact matches from the Greek population.

11016: 2205:

have lately been undertaken by academics from various institutions and research institutes. The Greek heritage of Pakistani Pashtuns has been researched in. In this study, the

13489: 8981:

most of the Afghans were concentrated in Qandahar and adjacent areas and had not expanded to the north. Therefore, it is highly significant that Masudi should call Qandahar a

2190:

According to Firasat et al. 2007, a proportion of Pashtuns may descend from Greeks, but they also suggest that Greek ancestry may also have come from Greek slaves brought by

2292:

origin "seems to be most prominent at present". The Khalaj may originally have been Turkic-speaking and only federated with Iranian Pashto-speaking tribes in Medieval times.

9959: 9611:

Lacau, Harlette; Gayden, Tenzin; Regueiro, Maria; Chennakrishnaiah, Shilpa; Bukhari, Areej; Underhill, Peter A.; Garcia-Bertrand, Ralph L.; Herrera, Rene J. (October 2012).

6604: 2078:

dialect and many others have observed the similarities between Pashto and other Saka languages as well, suggesting that the original Pashto speakers might have been a

12625:

One can sense a diminutive yet charming cultural amalgamation in certain localities within the town with the settling of around 250 Pashtun Sikh families in the city.

4865: 3442:

In the 18th century, the groups collaborated at times and at other times fought each other. With a few gaps, Durranis ruled modern Afghanistan continuously until the

3538:

Pashtun state-builders in nineteenth and twentieth century Afghanistan. There was little or no sampling of original Pashto language religious or historical material.

1673:"-bid the Afghan... Moreover, they are in nu(?) because of the Afghans, so impose a penalty on Nat Kharagan ... ...lord of Warnu with ... ... ...the Afghan... ... " 13652: 11585: 11378: 7962:

The earliest mention of the name 'Afghan' (Abgan) is to be found in a Sasanid inscription from the 3rd century, and it appears in India in the form of 'Avagana'...

1623:

Bactrian document in the Greek script from the 4th century mentioning the word Afghan (αβγανανο): "To Ormuzd Bunukan from Bredag Watanan, the chief of the Afghans"

1195:

over the course of generations. Pashtuns have influenced and contributed to various fields in India, particularly politics, the entertainment industry and sports.

9662:"A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)" 15948: 13933: 10976:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357933818_Contrasting_maternal_and_paternal_genetic_histories_among_five_ethnic_groups_from_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Pakistan

14002: 4677: 4661: 2859: 13769:(eds.). 1994. "The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press. 13206: 9828: 4800:

Note: population statistics for Pashtuns (including those without a notation) in foreign countries were derived from various census counts, the UN, the CIA's

3453:

Tribal allegiances are stronger among the Ghilji, while governance of the Durrani confederation is more to do with cross-tribal structures of land ownership.

1491:(written between 43 BC to 23 AD) makes mention of the Scythian tribe Pasiani (Πασιανοί), which has also been identified with Pashtuns given that Pashto is an 13804: 8812:, is connected with the Sultan Ismail, founder of the Saimani dynasty, which succeddeded to that of the Suffari (founded by Yacub Bin Leith or Lais) 875 A.D. 5950: 4621: 2744: 12494: 11681: 13965: 12639:, Himal, 2016-08-03, "Singh also came across many non turban-wearing followers of Guru Nanak in Pakistan, all of Pashtun origin and from the Khyber area." 12537: 11343: 8525:(69) Paṣ̌tō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch. It shares with Munǰī the change of *δ > l, but this tendency extends also to Sogdian 14217: 6092: 5289:

The most familiar name in the west is Pathan, a Hindi term adopted by the British, which is usually applied only to the people living east of the Durand.

2326:

endorses this view who proposes that after the collapse of the Hephthalite confederacy, Hephthalite likely assimilated into different local populations.

12318:

Before the emergence of Islam, the Pakhtuns were followers of Hinduism and Buddhism and considered music sacred, employing it in many religious rituals.

9661: 9406: 7545:

All contemporary historians, archeologists and linguists are agreed that since the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were of the Iranian linguistic group...

4199:

The advent of poetry helped transition Pashto to the modern period. Pashto literature gained significant prominence in the 20th century, with poetry by

14569: 10320:

He was visiting his cousin Mohammed Yunus, a Pathan who had chosen to move to Delhi at Partition and become a well-known figure in the Congress regime.

8387:...though most scholars believe it more likely that they arose from an intermingling of ancient Aryans from the north or west with subsequent invaders. 6923: 6701: 6524: 5041: 13734:

Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. "Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier." Saqi Books (1 March 2003).

6546: 6483: 4467:, which was introduced to South Asia during the early 18th century with the arrival of the British. Many Pashtuns have become prominent international 12630: 12607: 13345: 11003: 5720: 3678:

in the 16th century. In 1958, a meeting of Pashtun scholars and writers from both Afghanistan and Pakistan, held in Kabul, standardised the present

14404: 14369: 10256: 9691: 9384: 4960: 4545:) having a saucer shaped metallic plate at its distal end, and a long bow. In Afghanistan, some Pashtuns still participate in the ancient sport of 4125:

and is divided into two main dialects, the southern "Pashto" and the northern "Pukhto". The language has ancient origins and bears similarities to

13244: 6188: 3611:, quite remarkably uniform". Ibrahim Khan provides the following classification on the letter ښ: the Northern Western dialect (e.g. spoken by the 2751:

began to be heard in Afghanistan and the new state of Pakistan. This led to bad relations between the two nations. The Afghan monarchy ended when

15898: 14269: 13314: 11472: 11090: 11058: 7507:], the Greeks of Bactria became masters of Ariana, a vague term roughly indicating the eastern districts of the Persian empire, and of India. 5316:

Pathan (pəˈtɑːn) — n a member of the Pashto-speaking people of Afghanistan, Western Pakistan, and elsewhere, most of whom are Muslim in religion

4696:. Pashtun women often have their legal rights curtailed in favour of their husbands or male relatives. For example, though women are officially 897:, the country's political capital also serves as the major urban center of Pashtuns with more than 20% of the city's population belonging to the 13890: 12642: 10350: 8803:

An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan Prepared for and Presented to the 9th International Congress of Orientalists (London, Sept. 1891)

1662:"because (pl.), the clan of the Afghans, said thus to me:...And you should not have denied? the men of Rob the Afghans took (away) the horses" 14384: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14314: 14304: 12976: 12879: 12330: 8998: 4019: 3248: 3021: 2299:, archaeological documents do not support the suggestion that the Khalaj were the successors of the Hephthalites, while according to historian 13559: 12654: 11833: 9989: 9286: 9134: 7561: 7520: 5832: 1643:

during the 3rd century CE, In the 4th century the word "Afghans/Afghana" (αβγανανο) as a reference to a particular people is mentioned in the

13459: 3945:

activity may be found in some Pashtun regions, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as evident in songs and dances. Many Pashtuns are prominent

2447: 8824:

Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (January 2007).

3818:), which has been the main institution of authority that the largely egalitarian Pashtuns willingly acknowledge as a viable governing body. 15893: 15519: 12715: 11199: 8224: 5674: 4979: 4923: 2146:(Mughals), and anyone else who has crossed the region where these Pashtun live. Further they are also, and probably most surprisingly, of 10401: 6897: 4297: 547:. The total population of the Pashtun people worldwide is estimated to be around 49 million, although this figure is disputed due to the 13442: 13245:"Yasir Shah ready to be the difference for Pakistan over England as world's best wrist-spinner prepares for his first Test outside Asia" 8039: 4932: 13995: 13188: 10135: 7258: 2858:, and from there tens of thousands proceeded to Europe, North America, Oceania and other parts of the world. The Afghan government and 1833: 946: 9090:

Mansoor A, Mazhar K, Khaliq S, et al. (April 2004). "Investigation of the Greek ancestry of populations from northern Pakistan".

7454: 7331: 14681: 5802: 5594: 2351: 1453:

The Sattagydae, Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae (Ἀπαρύται) paid together a hundred and seventy talents; this was the seventh province

13500: 8188:

Ninhar, a place of which the king makes a show of Islam, and has many wives, (namely) over thirty Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu (wives).

5804:

Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars

3330:. Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the regions like Yousufzais and Sayyids. 15672: 12747: 7079: 5746: 3291:. This was followed by the Ghani administration and the reconquest of Afghanistan by the Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan). 3079: 2967: 13016: 12651:, Siasat Daily, 2019-09-20, "The members of the Pashtun and Afghan Sikh community living in Europe and UK have gathered in Geneva" 11895: 10429: 9967: 14210: 12685: 11610: 10533:

Zgonjanin, Dragana; Chiaroni, Jacques; Behar, Doron M.; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Underhill, Peter A.; Kásler, Miklós (January 2021).

9467: 8905: 548: 12357: 11564:, Vol. 3, Part. 3. Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill (eds.). Berlin, De Gryuter: 2006. p. 1915. 5471: 3655:

distinction but provides that in addition these Central dialects have had a vowel shift which makes them distinct: for instance

15857: 11169: 10019: 7676:

Pashtun...bore the exclusive name of Afghan before that name came to denote any native of the present land area of Afghanistan.

5502: 5378: 3034:

Many Pashtuns of Pakistan and India have adopted non-Pashtun cultures, mainly by abandoning Pashto and using languages such as

2224: 12648: 5640: 4355:, which has ancient roots. A rigorous exercise, Attan is performed as musicians play various native instruments including the 15933: 15908: 15227: 13988: 13955: 13906: 13864: 13759:. 1976. "Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology." London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 13750: 13708: 13401: 13136: 13111: 12944: 12855: 12778: 12467: 12427: 12167: 12116: 12028: 11995: 11968: 11941: 11879: 11326: 11149: 11118: 10179: 10111: 10083: 9416: 9236: 9217: 8915: 8884: 8874: 8719: 8212: 8181: 8113: 7986: 7778: 7644: 7598: 7571: 7538: 7421: 7394: 7367: 7089: 6980: 6955: 6868: 6728: 6413: 6325: 6005: 5859: 5812: 5756: 5546: 5512: 5481: 5450: 5419: 5388: 5227: 4524: 3154: 1812:

ascended this mountain and having looked out over India, which was then covered with darkness, returned without entering it."

1159:, to work in the sugarcane fields and perform manual labour. Many stayed and formed communities of their own. Some of them 652: 12565: 6608: 5130: 4415:

involves the use of up to three swords and requires great skill. Young women and girls often entertain at weddings with the

3740:. Poetry is also an important part of Pashtun culture and it has been for centuries. Pre-Islamic traditions, dating back to 1135:

During the 19th century, when the British were recruiting peasants from British India as indentured servants to work in the

15958: 8801: 2638:

empires was useful to the Pashtuns of Afghanistan in resisting foreign control and retaining a degree of autonomy (see the

2488:

This theory has been criticised for not being substantiated by historical evidence. Zaman Stanizai criticises this theory:

6432: 4830: 1302:

links of their respective countries, and modern communities have been established starting around the 1960s mainly in the

15847: 15842: 15772: 13660: 11582: 11386: 2872: 2866: 9469:

Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries Vol 1

15903: 15867: 14203: 13068: 13042: 11958: 9713: 9477: 6806: 5105:"Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions" 2790: 1782:, while on another occasion Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked and punished a group of opposing Afghans, as also corroborated by 1466:

made the connection of the Pashtuns with names such as the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) that were cited by

732: 9327: 8907:

Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28-31, 2013, Proceedings

8876:

Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28-31, 2013, Proceedings

8341: 15209: 14419: 14060: 13941: 13923: 13881: 13848: 13834: 13785: 13774: 13739: 13594: 13386:

Agarwal, B. (1998). A field of one's own: Gender and land rights in South Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press.

12901: 12311: 11623: 11569: 11455: 11423: 11316: 10299: 10240: 10213: 9762: 9443: 9337: 9038: 8497: 8410: 8318: 8284: 8204: 8147: 8014: 7947: 7490: 7169: 6355: 6068: 5346: 5257: 4480: 4460: 3059: 2752: 9858: 7588: 5440: 5328: 3315:

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujar and Tanoli men living in

2683:

In the 20th century, many politically active Pashtun leaders living under British rule of undivided India supported

2409:

in Pashto translates to the "son of Joseph". A similar story is told by many historians, including the 14th century

15837: 13793: 10535:"Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third" 9836: 6258: 5409: 4669: 4617: 4054: 10451: 8434: 7283: 6767:""The Kabuliwala represents a dilemma between the state and migratory history of the world" – Shah Mahmoud Hanifi" 4931:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 3346:

and use it significantly. The Pashto language is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.

15938: 15536: 15346: 15061: 11004:

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf

7413:

Geography, book 6 : Middle East, Central and North Asia, China. Part 1. Text and English/German translations

6295: 3982: 2919: 2537: 1327: 559:, constituting around 18.24% of the total Pakistani population and around 47% of the total Afghan population. In 11933:

Language Issues in Comparative Education: Inclusive Teaching and Learning in Non-Dominant Languages and Cultures

11871:

Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice

11774: 11689: 11141:

Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice

11110:

Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice

10921:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan" 10864:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan" 10711:"Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan" 6210: 4924:

Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

1513:

This is considered a different rendering of Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). Johnny Cheung, reflecting on Ptolemy's

15943: 13962: 11350: 7384: 5997: 4456: 4449: 4172:

is believed to have written a number of Pashto books while fighting with the Mughals. Pashtun scholars such as

2470:

and the purity of their religious belief, and that on the appearance of the last and greatest of the prophets (

2397:

Israel agree with the commonly held view by Pashtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the

1909: 1184: 10337:

Mohammad Yunus is belong to a rich and distinguished Pathan family and son of Haji Ghulam Samdani (1827–1926).

6039:

Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.

3101:, who are presidents of their respective political parties in Pakistan. Others became famous in sports (e.g., 15571: 14674: 13332: 13002: 11593: 9669: 9312: 9176: 9023: 8345: 6572: 6509: 4342: 4196:

region in Afghanistan. However, this is disputed by several European experts due to lack of strong evidence.

3954: 2893: 2330: 1901: 885:, the financial capital of Pakistan, is home to the world's largest urban community of Pashtuns, larger than 10156:

She's a Pathan girl who speaks Hindi and Urdu well and was spectacular in the screen test. It was pure luck.

9781: 7976: 6026: 2758: 14105: 14011: 9665: 9584: 7919: 5686: 5612: 4592: 4309: 4078: 3801: 3499: 3055: 3051: 2684: 773: 556: 513: 8631:... and their language is most closely related to on the one hand with Saka on the other with Munji-Yidgha 7898:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of 7742:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of 3664: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3624: 3616: 1849:; who each, subsequently, became head of the tribes which to this day bear their name. I have read in the 1031: 15739: 15116: 12213: 11415: 9373: 7246: 6245: 5274: 4504: 4058: 3260: 1699:"It would be unfavourable to the people of Chola, the Afghans (Avagāṇa), the white Huns and the Chinese." 11017:"HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan" 10990:

Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis

10709:

Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (19 January 2022).

10264: 8973:

writes that Qandahar was a separate kingdom with a non- Muslim ruler and states that it is a country of

15872: 14299: 13637: 12285: 12044: 11173: 11015:

Akbae, N.; Ahmad, H.; Nadeem, M.S.; Hemphill, B.E.; Muhammad, K.; Ahmad, W.; Ilyas, M. (24 June 2016).

10376: 8696:

But it seems that the Old Iranic ancestor dialect of Paṣ̌tō must have been close to that of the Gathas.

8466: 7310:"The History of Herodotus Book 3, Chapter 91, Verse 4; Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by G. C. Macaulay" 4577: 4520: 4384:(wooden flute). With a rapid circular motion, dancers perform until no one is left dancing, similar to 4153:. Pashto may have ancient legacy of borrowing vocabulary from neighbouring languages including such as 3841: 3716: 3288: 3284: 2736: 2677: 2234:

expanded influence on the Pashtuns until 305 BCE when they gave up dominating power to the Indian

1891: 1745:("History of the Indus"), which describes groups of rebellious Afghans in the tribal lands west of the 544: 63: 12512: 11479: 8957:, notes that several characteristics are common to both the Rajputs and the Afghans and suggests that 8904:

Huang, De-Shuang; Bevilacqua, Vitoantonio; Figueroa, Juan Carlos; Premaratne, Prashan (20 July 2013).

8873:

Huang, De-Shuang; Bevilacqua, Vitoantonio; Figueroa, Juan Carlos; Premaratne, Prashan (20 July 2013).

8786: 6376: 5186: 3548: 15411: 15281: 14226: 14163: 13586: 13270: 11057:

Zubair, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Tariq4, Muhammad; Shah, Muzafar (25 March 2021).

10076:

Constitution-making in Asia: Decolonisation and State-Building in the Aftermath of the British Empire

7438: 3557: 3264: 3237: 3201: 3067: 2692: 1619: 1492: 936: 769: 552: 524: 13296: 11539: 10769:"Genetic diversity and forensic application of Y-filer STRs in four major ethnic groups of Pakistan" 9501: 7616:"Cheung2017-On the Origin of the Terms "Afghan" & "Pashtun" (Again) - Gnoli Memorial Volume.pdf" 4584:. The difficult lives of Afghan female refugees gained considerable notoriety with the iconic image 3988:

There are also Hindu Pashtuns, sometimes known as the Sheen Khalai, who have moved predominantly to

2102:

According to one school of thought, Pashtun are descended from a variety of ethnicities, including

15852: 15667: 15121: 14667: 14461: 14153: 13873: 13224: 11841:

National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguisitics

9997: 9705: 5104: 4660:, continue to work in the industry. During the 1980s many Pashtun women served in the ranks of the 4561: 4500: 3911: 3490: 3106: 2728: 2533: 2474:) the Afghans of Ghore listened to the invitation of their Arabian brethren, the chief of whom was 1539:

until the advent of modern Afghanistan in the 18th century, the Pashtuns were often referred to as

1276:

for a short period. According to a sample survey in 1988, 75 percent of all Afghan refugees in the

932: 661: 13467: 13152: 12914: 9806: 8171: 1983:"Looking for the origin of Pashtuns and the Afghans is something like exploring the source of the 1800:, when visiting Afghanistan following the era of the Khilji dynasty, also wrote about the Afghans. 1692: 786:. They can be found all over Pakistan and Afghanistan. Big cities with a Pashtun majority include 15953: 15918: 15812: 15782: 15762: 15556: 14473: 14168: 14095: 13377:

Ahmed, A. (2010). Women's Agency in Muslim Society. The SAGE Handbook of Islamic Studies, 22, 213

12786:

Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million ...

9193: 7764: 7498: 4870: 4512: 4496: 3827: 3392: 3142: 3134: 2839: 2818: 2810: 2720: 2700: 2673: 2455: 1809: 1299: 1277: 591: 31: 17: 13753:. A loosely connected collection of short stories focused on life in the Pashtun tribal regions. 12719: 11618:. Vol. 4. Quaid-i-Azam University & Summer Institute of Linguistics. p. 36 to 37. 11207: 8235: 8077: 8009:. Oxford: The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press. 7805:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J. W. McCrindle). 7691:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle). 5690: 4847: 2658:– areas that would become western Pakistan fell within British India as a result of the border. 2579:

and seized control over much of Persia from 1722 to 1729. This was followed by the conquests of

957:, estimates that "The population of Pathans in India is twice their population in Afghanistan". 15923: 15832: 15802: 15744: 15551: 14359: 14158: 12740: 11597: 11572: 10143: 9506: 8105:

Bṛhat Saṁhitā of Varāhamihira: with english translation, exhaustive notes and literary comments

7939: 6634: 6235: 6060: 5966: 4987: 4901: 4391:. Numerous other dances are affiliated with various tribes notably from Pakistan including the 3736:

and the understanding of Pashto language. The Kabul dialect is used to standardize the present

3697: 3178: 2417:. However, the similarity of names can also be traced to the presence of Arabic through Islam. 2366: 2296: 2090:

at that time. Others however have suggested a much older Iranic ancestor given the affinity to

1905: 1897: 1315: 1148: 725: 623: 13551: 13427: 10412: 10230: 10071: 9924: 9433: 8826:"Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan" 8691: 8609: 8591: 8520: 8400: 8349: 8308: 8274: 8047: 6889: 6345: 5879: 5332: 5247: 4925: 4580:

among Pashtun women, as many of their rights have been curtailed by a rigid interpretation of

2285:

confederacy. The Hephthalites may have been Indo-Iranian, although the view that they were of

15928: 15862: 15634: 15451: 15202: 14994: 14725: 12419: 11931: 11409: 11084: 11059:"Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology" 10862:

Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (2022).

10169: 9198: 9170: 8263:

R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: P-Z, Volume 3 - Page 18

8137: 7768: 7480: 7159: 6945: 6270: 5944: 5536: 4331: 4236: 4165: 4091: 3849: 3769: 3494: 3158: 3090: 3063: 3047: 2843: 2371: 1409: 1160: 1121: 954: 12744: 11712: 11654: 10203: 7563:

Herodotus's Scythians and Ptolemy's Central Asia: Semasiological and Onomasiological Studies

6630: 6403: 5866:

Niamatullah knew Persian very well, as all the educated Pashtuns generally do in Afghanistan

5568: 4896: 4211:

published Seraj-al-Akhbar, which became the first Pashto newspaper in Afghanistan. In 1977,

2587:

and founder of the Durrani Empire, which covered most of what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan,

1873:; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the 15082: 14631: 13170: 12136: 11448:

South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

10932: 10875: 10722: 10646: 10316:

The Pathan unarmed: opposition & memory in the North West Frontier (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

5058: 5034: 4436: 4248: 4200: 4095: 3950: 3867:

Before Islam there were various different beliefs which were practiced by Pashtuns such as

3831: 3565: 3543:

Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors, Chapter 8, page 278

3327: 3006: 2955: 2947: 2939: 2889: 2704: 2044: 2005: 1842: 1188: 1064:

in eastern India that each have a population of over a million with Pashtun ancestry; both

15136: 13611: 11075: 7835:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan). 7697:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan). 5411:

The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System

3255:

that was fighting against the Taliban also included a number of Pashtuns. Among them were

2392:

discusses the settlement of immigrant Bani Israel at the end of the 8th century CE in the

8: 15709: 15436: 15426: 15421: 15381: 15301: 14924: 14641: 14508: 14488: 14319: 14237: 12303: 12047:. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. 11900: 11030:(2). Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan: 1–10. 9932: 9075: 9071: 8923:

and the Burusho, to have des- cended from the soldiers of Alexander, has been considered.

8572:

Waghmar, Burzine; Frye, Richard N. (2001). "Bactrian History and Language: An Overview".

7899: 7743: 5886: 4866:"Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's great granddaughter seeks citizenship for 'Phastoons' in India" 4697: 4613: 3853: 3741: 3701: 3098: 3086: 2998: 2885: 2863: 2851: 2831: 2806: 2798: 2766: 2755: 2732: 2620: 2528: 2475: 2307: 2254: 2220: 2171: 2071: 1244: 1144: 916: 750: 10936: 10879: 10726: 10650: 8489: 7860:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society). 7716:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society). 7066:

raided in Khorasan, and "in the course of a very few years greatly increased in numbers"

5776: 3338:

The most prominent views amongst Pashtuns as to who exactly qualifies as a Pashtun are:

2661: 15787: 15777: 15614: 15391: 15351: 15336: 15326: 15306: 14839: 14714: 14646: 14626: 14611: 14414: 14186: 13899:

Afghanistan's Endless War:State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban

13438: 13020: 12873: 12195: 11905: 11521: 11254: 11246: 10953: 10920: 10896: 10863: 10844: 10795: 10768: 10743: 10710: 10669: 10634: 10609: 10584: 10559: 10534: 10509: 10482: 9905: 9709: 9637: 9612: 9548: 9154: 9115: 9067: 8850: 8825: 8739: 8460: 7284:"The History of Herodotus Chapter 7, Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by George Rawlinson" 7201: 7105: 6661: 6586: 6240: 6143: 6117: 6053: 5044: 4802: 4693: 4665: 4369: 4268: 4264: 4228: 4224: 4007: 3978: 3902:

tribe is approximately 50% Shia and the rest Sunni, who are mainly found in and around

3757: 3268: 3071: 3017: 2975: 2931: 2923: 2835: 2827: 2608: 2580: 2451: 2056: 2052: 1971: 1805: 1730: 1613: 1496: 1331: 1293: 1253: 1180: 1165: 1113: 1076:

during the colonial era. There are also populations over 100,000 each in the cities of

950: 928: 839: 14242: 13762:

Ahmed, Akbar S. 1980. "Pukhtun economy and society." London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

12689: 12057: 11629: 7803:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " 7689:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " 4026:

tribe. Today, they continue to speak Pashto and celebrate Pashtun culture through the

3391:. The tribal system has several levels of organisation: the tribe they are in is from 15827: 15817: 15719: 15662: 15431: 15361: 15311: 15286: 15161: 15108: 15098: 14999: 14636: 14542: 13951: 13937: 13919: 13902: 13877: 13860: 13844: 13830: 13781: 13770: 13746: 13735: 13590: 13326: 13132: 13107: 12996: 12940: 12897: 12861: 12851: 12774: 12463: 12423: 12412: 12369: 12307: 12163: 12112: 12024: 11991: 11964: 11937: 11875: 11619: 11565: 11451: 11419: 11322: 11258: 11145: 11114: 11039: 10958: 10901: 10848: 10836: 10800: 10748: 10674: 10614: 10564: 10514: 10295: 10236: 10209: 10175: 10107: 10079: 9897: 9758: 9685: 9642: 9552: 9473: 9439: 9412: 9333: 9306: 9158: 9107: 9017: 8911: 8880: 8855: 8715: 8493: 8406: 8314: 8280: 8208: 8200: 8177: 8143: 8109: 8010: 7982: 7943: 7931: 7774: 7640: 7594: 7567: 7534: 7486: 7417: 7390: 7363: 7165: 7085: 6976: 6951: 6864: 6724: 6566: 6503: 6409: 6351: 6321: 6148: 6064: 6001: 5932: 5912: 5855: 5808: 5752: 5542: 5508: 5477: 5446: 5415: 5384: 5352: 5342: 5253: 5223: 5198: 4954: 4779: 4673: 4569: 4432: 4377: 4219:

which contains the family trees and Pashtun tribal names. Some notable poets include

4134: 4115: 4046: 3745: 3564:

in relation to verbs is complex compared to other Iranian languages. In this respect

3526: 3308: 3256: 3252: 3174: 3075: 2983: 2979: 2927: 2786: 2782: 2708: 2669: 2643: 2639: 2600: 2434: 2300: 2083: 2036: 1984: 1965: 1934: 1829: 1710: 1541: 1530: 1428: 1323: 1273: 1212: 960:

Historically, Pashtuns have settled in various cities of India before and during the

920: 754: 718: 528: 509: 13843:. 1985. "Peshawar: Historic city of the Frontier." Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995). 13683: 12633:, Al Jazeera, 2017-01-01, "the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun" 12392: 12238: 11177: 10988: 5980:

from the intercourse of the Persian-speaking Pathans with the Hindi-speaking Hindus.

5473:

Ungoverned Spaces: Alternatives to State Authority in an Era of Softened Sovereignty

3379: 3247:

In the late 1990s, Pashtuns were the primary ethnic group in the ruling regime i.e.

15792: 15767: 15729: 15604: 15526: 15471: 15466: 15341: 15276: 15255: 15195: 14966: 14829: 14785: 14733: 13915: 13840: 12016: 11513: 11238: 11070: 11031: 10948: 10940: 10891: 10883: 10828: 10790: 10780: 10738: 10730: 10693: 10664: 10654: 10604: 10596: 10554: 10546: 10504: 10494: 10481:

Lacau, Harlette; Gayden, Tenzin; Reguerio, Maria; Underhill, Peter (October 2012).

9889: 9632: 9624: 9540: 9146: 9119: 9099: 8845: 8837: 8440: 7526: 6836: 6747: 6682: 6436: 5924: 5617: 4765: 4713: 4599:

Modern social reform for Pashtun women began in the early 20th century, when Queen

4565: 4256: 4220: 4212: 4173: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4130: 4126: 4038: 3925: 3919: 3765: 3711: 3604: 3482: 3280: 3272: 3233: 3170: 3150: 3039: 3024: 2877: 2612: 2389: 2323: 2048: 2040: 1992: 1914: 1783: 1775: 1605: 1269: 1261: 1192: 924: 910: 799: 758: 746: 706: 633: 618: 564: 431: 396: 361: 12636: 12456: 12160:

The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan

11297: 9601:

Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul, Volume 1. By Mohan Lal (1846), pg.5

7908:

words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).

7752:

words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).

5777:"Constitution of the Kingdom of Afghanistan - Wikisource, the free online library" 4652:, who hailed from the lineage of Gujarat's historical Pathan community: the royal 2910:, Pakistani cricketer-turned-politician and former Prime Minister, belongs to the 1235:. In order to secure Durrani control in southern Afghanistan, Nader Shah deported 15913: 15807: 15797: 15594: 15499: 15494: 15486: 15416: 15331: 15271: 15250: 14690: 14493: 14339: 14125: 13969: 13352: 12960: 12821: 12768: 12751: 12585:"70 years on, one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu-Muslim brotherhood" 12264: 11985: 11685: 11589: 11108: 10659: 9769:

Ashfaqullah's father, Shafeequlla Khan, was a member of a Pathan military family.

8709: 8173:

Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H. (982 AD)

8103: 7933: 7634: 7411: 7357: 7225: 6858: 5928: 5716: 5138: 5037: 4831:"TABLE 11 : POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX, and RURAL/URBAN - 2023 Census" 4685: 4322: 4138: 4122: 4118: 4099: 4042: 3965:

Little information is available on non-Muslim as there is limited data regarding

3907: 3857: 3811: 3793: 3753: 3737: 3707: 3691: 3679: 3660: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3472: 3468: 3443: 3043: 3014: 2855: 2847: 2814: 2802: 2778: 2774: 2712: 2688: 2604: 2556: 2402: 2398: 2376: 2231: 2174:, who wrote extensively on Afghan culture, noted that some people claim that the 2028: 1951: 1640: 1609: 1397: 1335: 1289: 686: 671: 613: 512:

until the 1970s after the term's meaning had become a demonym for members of all

464: 320: 316: 12937:

Afghan Monarchs: Sher Shah Suri, Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan, Amir Kror Suri

12584: 11272: 10351:"One Year Later: Taliban Reprise Repressive Rule, but Struggle to Build a State" 8560:

Pashto originally belonged to the north - eastern branch of the Iranic languages

8482: 7309: 7021: 6271:"South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 5301: 4549:

in which horse riders attempt to place a goat or calf carcass in a goal circle.

4541:

is a traditional archery sport in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, played with a long arrow (

4535:

is of Pakistani Pashtun origin who has played for the Australian national team.

1954:. historians have also come across references to various ancient peoples called 1713:, where a reference is made to a village, Saul, which was probably located near 1203:

Pashtuns are also found in smaller numbers in the eastern and northern parts of

15822: 15619: 15579: 15541: 15514: 15376: 15296: 15176: 14974: 14938: 14901: 14894: 14887: 14808: 14764: 14753: 14621: 14616: 14559: 14498: 14409: 14394: 14294: 14085: 13980: 13947: 13929: 13756: 12770:

A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan

12612: 10944: 10887: 10832: 10785: 10734: 9544: 8969:(solar race) from which many Rajputs claim descent. The great Muslim historian 7130: 7050: 6996: 6751: 5160: 4732: 4641: 4605: 4516: 4508: 4240: 4177: 4158: 4146: 4111: 4083: 3934: 3868: 3596: 3561: 3522: 3476: 3374: 3361: 3357: 3316: 3193: 3162: 3138: 2963: 2951: 2935: 2897: 2740: 2723:

to fight for an independent Pakistan through non violent resistance, including

2635: 2631: 2627: 2592: 2588: 2572: 2560: 2502: 2361: 2357: 2315: 2303:, the Khalaj were "perhaps only politically associated with the Hephthalites." 2286: 2278: 2111: 2032: 1947: 1862: 1791: 1787: 1463: 1442: 1376: 1303: 1249: 965: 867: 701: 666: 643: 540: 497: 347: 312: 208: 11242: 10550: 9150: 9103: 7978:

Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History

7530: 6658:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans" 6631:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans" 5217: 4897:"Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans" 2462:"The Afghan historians proceed to relate that the children of Israel, both in 15887: 15624: 15609: 15461: 15386: 15316: 15245: 15077: 15030: 14989: 14952: 14822: 14719: 14704: 14589: 14584: 14554: 14478: 14444: 14364: 14284: 14252: 14115: 14070: 14040: 14035: 13950:(1962; 2nd edition 1972). "The Way Of The Pathans." Oxford University Press. 12865: 12799: 12020: 11157:

be one of the primary markers of ethnic identity in contemporary Afghanistan.

10430:"Leaving Afghanistan's 'Bagarm Airfield' Was a Grave Military Mistake: Trump" 9901: 9353:

Morgenstierne, Georg (1979). "The Linguistic Stratification of Afghanistan".

7932:

Noelle-Karimi, Christine; Conrad J. Schetter; Reinhard Schlagintweit (2002).

7238: 5936: 5356: 5249:

Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia

5202: 4740: 4632: 4484: 4476: 4445: 4441: 4288: 4244: 4232: 4193: 4066: 4050: 3958: 3603:

as distinct group. As Elfenbein notes: "Dialect differences lie primarily in

3241: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3188:

film stars in India have Pashtun ancestry; some of the most notable ones are

3146: 3122: 3114: 2971: 2959: 2724: 2696: 2568: 2540: 2393: 2381: 2270: 2235: 2179: 2165: 2143: 2075: 2067: 1846: 1774:

was defeated. Al-Utbi further stated that Afghans and Ghiljis made a part of

1758: 1319: 1236: 1232: 1220: 1176: 1045: 1009: 696: 188: 14195: 13080: 13046: 12188:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

11602: 11231:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

8841: 6814: 5595:"Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vol II: Letters and Buddhist" 3894:

communities exist in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Paktia. The Shias belong to the

15734: 15714: 15531: 15446: 15406: 15396: 15371: 15366: 15321: 15235: 15040: 14917: 14850: 14709: 14604: 14599: 14564: 14547: 14503: 14247: 14137: 14045: 14030: 14025: 13766: 11043: 10962: 10905: 10840: 10804: 10752: 10678: 10618: 10568: 10518: 9646: 9111: 8859: 8371: 7905: 7749: 7660: 6371: 5748:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes]

5083: 5013: 4653: 4649: 4609: 4600: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4208: 4181: 4087: 3994: 3895: 3353:. The cultural definition requires Pashtuns to adhere to Pashtunwali codes. 3276: 3229: 3126: 3118: 3028: 2994: 2987: 2943: 2822: 2748: 2647: 2564: 2319: 2289: 2274: 2250: 2135: 1942: 1688: 1546: 1216: 1140: 1053: 676: 628: 608: 12082: 11315:

Adebayo, Akanmu G.; Benjamin, Jesse J.; Lundy, Brandon D. (4 April 2014).

10585:"The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a" 9078:), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants. 9049: 7497:

According to Strabo (c. 54 B.C., A.D. 24), who refers to the authority of

6458: 5913:"The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning" 5852:

Crafting Masculine Selves: Culture, War, and Psychodynamics in Afghanistan

5442:

Education in Afghanistan: Developments, Influences and Legacies Since 1901

5380:

Bartered Brides: Politics, Gender and Marriage in an Afghan Tribal Society

3836: 2735:. The Pashtuns of Afghanistan attained complete independence from British 15724: 15629: 15589: 15504: 15456: 15441: 15187: 15146: 15141: 15025: 14873: 14857: 14594: 14456: 14434: 14399: 14389: 13976:(the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance). 11035: 10919:

Tariq, M.; Ahmad, H.; Hemphill, B. E.; Farooq, U.; Schurr, T. G. (2022).

10600: 10499: 9628: 9381:

Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin

6318:

Ethnicity, Authority and Power in Central Asia: New Games Great and Small

5504:

The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan

5338: 4681: 4657: 4586: 4532: 4488: 4374: 4305: 4260: 3998:

meaning 'blue skinned' (referring to the color of Pashtun women's facial

3883: 3530: 3508: 3387:

A prominent institution of the Pashtun people is the intricate system of

3350: 3225: 3197: 3166: 3130: 3110: 3094: 3010: 3002: 2990:

as acting Prime Minister. A number of other ministers are also Pashtuns.

2716: 2666: 2655: 2651: 2410: 2282: 2091: 1817: 1797: 1779: 1746: 1536: 1488: 1172: 1117: 1073: 1061: 1057: 1005: 973: 961: 811: 783: 505: 493: 126: 13887: 13207:"Pakistan's Fakhar Zaman aims to win World Cup and break into Test team" 8232:, History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15 3607:

and lexicon: the morphology and syntax are, again with the exception of

2405:

after groups converted to Christianity and Islam. Hence the tribal name

1841:

children were born, among whom were two sons famous in history. The one

15599: 15584: 15546: 15356: 15240: 14801: 14451: 14379: 14354: 14075: 14065: 14050: 13963:"Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan" 13822: 13076: 12965:. Vol. 20–22. Historical Society of Afghanistan. 1967. p. 47. 12716:"Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881–1919" 11344:"Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan" 10476: 10474: 10472: 9909: 9877: 8444: 7287: 6605:"Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2001" 6433:"Memons, Khojas, Cheliyas, Moplahs ... How Well Do You Know Them?" 6181:"Hybrid Census to Generate Spatially-disaggregated Population Estimate" 6153: 4808: 4701: 4528: 4472: 4463:

have Pashtun players. One of the most popular sports among Pashtuns is

4327: 4301: 4252: 4169: 3966: 3903: 3891: 3787: 3675: 3560:

language, but a remarkably large number of words are unique to Pashto.

3209: 3189: 3102: 2907: 2762: 2616: 2584: 2425: 2424:

One conflicting issue in the belief that the Pashtuns descend from the

2063: 2021: 1767: 1753: 1683:

The name Afghan is later recorded in the 6th century CE in the form of

1571: 1265: 1224: 1041: 989: 985: 835: 681: 568: 228: 12199: 11752:

Carter and Raza. "Socio-Economic Profile of South Waziristan Agency".

11560:

Modarresi, Yahya: "Iran, Afghanistan and Tadjikistan, 1911–1916." In:

11525: 11250: 9036: 8543:

Pashto belongs to the North-Eastern group within the Iranian Languages

7993:

ang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) thal, the chief ... of the Afghans

5538:

Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq

4403:(which, in modern times, involves the juggling of loaded rifles), and 1322:). Some Pashtuns have also settled in the Middle East, such as in the 15476: 15401: 15291: 15166: 15156: 15126: 15004: 14908: 14844: 14815: 14424: 14374: 14120: 12848:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia : An Encyclopedia

12608:"Two identities, twice the pride: The Pashtun Sikhs of Nankana Saheb" 11869: 11139: 10635:"Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge" 8940: 7823:

The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83, Élisée Reclus - Geography.

6167:

Ethnic population: 49,529,000 possibly total Pashto in all countries.

4648:

film industry. Bollywood blockbusters of the 1970s and 1980s starred

4645: 4637: 4189: 4003: 3326:

56.25% of the Jadoons in another test carried West Eurasian maternal

3320: 3205: 3185: 2777:

along with his family and relatives in a bloody coup orchestrated by

2770: 2440: 2147: 2127: 2119: 2087: 2009: 1920: 1854: 1738: 1563: 1438: 1431: 1401: 1368: 1360: 1330:

between 1976 and 1981, representing 35% of Pakistani immigrants. The

1311: 1136: 1125: 1109: 1105: 1089: 1085: 1081: 997: 894: 847: 787: 779: 288: 15131: 12667: 12655:

Despite border tensions, Indian Sikhs celebrate festival in Pakistan

12519:

Most Hindus and Sikhs left Afghanistan during the 1992-1996 fighting

12286:

https://fieldsupport.dliflc.edu/products/pak_pashto/pw_co/pashto.pdf

11803: 11682:

TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PAKISTAN: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION

10469: 10045: 9893: 9755:

Sarfarosh: A Naadi Exposition of the Lives of Indian Revolutionaries

7998: 7630: 7615: 3643:. He illustrates that the Central dialects, which are spoken by the 1558: 15171: 14946: 14743: 14532: 14274: 12703:"Pashto is our tongue, our mother tongue – and we are proud of it." 11517: 9610: 9205: 8229: 7875: 7847: 7814:

Etude Sur la Geog Grecque & c, pp 39-47, M. V. de Saint Martin.

7725: 7703: 6780: 5670: 4546: 4492: 4338: 4317: 4313: 4300:

becoming available. Two of the popular ones are the Pakistan-based

4121:, and spoken by up to 60 million people. It is written in the 4062: 3876: 3872: 3860: 3845: 3620: 3512: 2785:

commanders in exile in neighboring Pakistan began recruiting for a

2596: 2576: 2471: 2414: 2406: 2385: 2246: 2242: 2230:

Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the

2191: 2103: 1858: 1825: 1771: 1678:

the Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91

1667:

the Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91

1636: 1593: 1554: 1228: 1069: 1052:

community of Pashtun ancestry; the area came to be governed by the

1001: 981: 890: 871: 827: 791: 501: 106: 14659: 13653:"Afghanistan: The Trials of Woman Paratrooper Khatool Mohammadzai" 13490:"A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future" 11804:"Govt urged to declare Pashto as medium of instruction in schools" 10631: 4326:. International news sources that provide Pashto programs include 2223:(1834 – 1892) was of the view that the Pashtuns likely have mixed 1853:, a work written by a respectable author, and which I procured at 68:

Number of Pashtun Tribal and religious men in Southern Afghanistan

15687: 15035: 14979: 14959: 14881: 14771: 14579: 14537: 14483: 14349: 14279: 14262: 14110: 14080: 13499:. Aletta, Institute for Women's History. May 2003. Archived from 12538:"Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots" 12495:"Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots" 8903: 8872: 8823: 7878: 7793:

Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol I, fn 6; also Vol II, p 129, et al.

7728: 7191:

p. 2 "Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture" By D. R. Bhandarkar

6316:

Canfield, Robert L.; Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele (4 October 2010).

4689: 4612:

remained an important issue during the 1970s, as feminist leader

4468: 4464: 4420: 4396: 4388: 4015: 3899: 3761: 3668: 3644: 3628: 3608: 3600: 3486: 3432: 3404: 3400: 3396: 2903: 2881: 2429: 2314:

tribe who were known as the "Abdali" before the formation of the

2311: 2175: 2158: 2139: 1975: 1956: 1929: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1644: 1597: 1579: 1467: 1434: 1372: 1352: 1257: 1208: 1097: 1049: 882: 855: 823: 691: 489: 308: 13525: 12688:. Newsline Publications (Pvt.) Ltd. October 2008. Archived from 9139:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London

5669: 3772:

is celebrated as the Afghan New Year by all Afghan ethnicities.

3244:, is of Pashtun origin and related to the legendary Bacha Khan. 2364:

of the Pashtun tribes themselves. For example, according to the

1584: 949:. Many Pathans chose to live in the Republic of India after the 15509: 15151: 15045: 14984: 14792: 14748: 14738: 14525: 14439: 14429: 14344: 14309: 14289: 14257: 14130: 14100: 14055: 13829:(Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints). Oxford University Press. 13366:

Making the Good Earth Better: The Heritage of Kurtz Bros., Inc.

12649:

Pak misusing Durand Line to facilitate terrorists, says Pashtun

10695:

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan

9043: 8775:(Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)." Oxford University Press. 8249: 7871: 7721: 6721:

The Indian Rebellion, 1857–1859: A Short History with Documents

5047:= 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 538,554. 4581: 4385: 4176:

and others believe that the earliest Pashto work dates back to

4107: 4011: 3999: 3942: 3887: 3612: 3518: 3504: 3462: 3436: 3343: 3283:. The Taliban regime was ousted in late 2001 during the US-led 2548: 2544: 2334: 2266: 2131: 2107: 2062:

It is suggested by some that Pashto may have originated in the

2017: 1924: 1763: 1737:

and Hindu wives. In the 11th century, Afghans are mentioned in

1714: 1567: 1484: 1446: 1307: 1240: 1152: 1129: 1101: 1093: 1077: 1065: 1000:. The settlers are descended from both Pashtuns of present-day 993: 969: 898: 875: 863: 859: 831: 819: 815: 638: 576: 520: 304: 268: 248: 38: 11411:

Our Latest Longest War: Losing Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan

11379:"Tribal Dynamics of the Afghanistan and Pakistan Insurgencies" 11318:

Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies: Global Perspectives

7629:

Morano, Enrico; Provasi, Elio; Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2017).

7038:

although assimilated, continue to claim Ḡalzī Pashtun descent.

4688:

in the Pakistan Army, another Pashtun female became a fighter

4636:

women are found as TV hosts, journalists and actors. In 1942,

4161:. Modern borrowings come primarily from the English language. 778:

Pashtuns are spread over a wide geographic area, south of the

15561: 15009: 14864: 14758: 14574: 14520: 13973: 13745:

Ahmad, Jamil. 2012. "The Wandering Falcon." Riverhead Trade.

13428:"Tribal Law of Pashtunwali and Women's Legislative Authority" 12013:

The Major Languages of South Asia, the Middle East and Africa

11478:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin. Archived from 11446:

Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Ann Mills, Margaret (2003).

9252: 9063: 7846:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the 7702:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the 4538: 4363: 4351: 4034: 4027: 4023: 3989: 3970: 3946: 3930: 3915: 3805: 3781: 3760:

fused with localised variants and interpretation. Like other

3752:, while literary styles and music reflect influence from the 3749: 3733: 3636: 3447: 3388: 2911: 2794: 2793:- the Marxist government which was also dominated by Pashtun 2467: 2370:, the theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites is traced to 2154: 2123: 2115: 1601: 1437:

as early as the 1st millennium BCE, present-day Afghanistan.

1356: 1024: 1013: 977: 886: 851: 843: 807: 803: 795: 572: 560: 452: 405: 333: 146: 13918:. 2003. "Afghanistan: An Abridged History." Fenestra Books. 12414:

The clash of fundamentalisms: crusades, jihads and modernity

11918:

Paṧtō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch.

10480: 10020:"Ex Gov.Gen. Ghulam Muhammad's 54th death anniversary today" 9925:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures" 9704: 8977:. It would be pertinent to mention here that at the time of 7228:

and Keith, A.B. 1912. The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.

7081:

Koh-i-Noor: The History of the World's Most Infamous Diamond

5974:(213–214). The Leonard Scott Publishing Company: 154. 1877. 5880:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures" 2345: 1762:

recorded that many Afghans and Khiljis (possibly the modern

14779: 14466: 12331:"Sunni Militants Claim Deadly Attack at Market in Pakistan" 4926:"LANGUAGE INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)" 4604:

led to a protest and contributed to the ultimate demise of

4357: 3974: 3804:. Most decisions in tribal life are made by members of the 3724: 3035: 2619:

held Afghanistan's monarchy from around 1826 to the end of

2463: 2164:

One historical account connects the Pashtuns to a possible

2079: 2013: 1866: 1549:

view supported by numerous noted scholars is that the name

1204: 1156: 532: 168: 30:"Pathan" and "Pakhtoon" redirect here. For other uses, see 13189:"Fakhar Zaman, Junaid Khan reveal their Pathan aggression" 12181: 12179: 10581: 10205:

Dr. Zakir Hussain, quest for truth (by Ziāʼulḥasan Fārūqī)

9374:"THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS" 7636:

Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume

7259:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 102, section 1" 5334:

Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent

5084:"Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Tajikistan (2017)" 3005:. Other prominent Pashtuns include the 17th-century poets 2337:

tribe of Afghanistan are the descendants of Hephthalites.

1422:

Herodotus, The Histories, Book III, Chapter 102, Section 1

443: 417: 408: 382: 373: 11929: 11733:

Carter, Lynn. "Socio-Economic Profile of Kurram Agency".

11056: 10817: 10377:"Afghanistan: At the Crossroads of Ancient Civilisations" 10063: 8740:"Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan?" 8313:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 180. 7883:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood). 7733:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood). 7503: 7332:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 91, section 4" 6547:"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India" 6484:"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India" 6118:"Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan?" 3304: 2466:

and in Arabia, preserved their knowledge of the unity of

2446:

Some Afghan historians have maintained that Pashtuns are

1794:

in 1290, Afghans have been well known in northern India.

1570:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the 1458:

Herodotus, The Histories, Book III, Chapter 91, Section 4

1346: 1264:, an ethnic Ghilji Pashtun, formerly second in charge of 1100:

both have a Pashtun population of over 1 million, whilst

440: 370: 12109:

Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus)

11014: 10918: 10861: 10708: 10531: 9659: 9270:

Bonasli, Sonel (2016). "The Khalaj and their language".

9048:. American International School of Kabul. Archived from 8680:. (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series). 8665:. (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series). 8629:. Kolkata, India: Iran Society. 1946. pp. 173–174. 2428:

is that the Ten Lost Tribes were exiled by the ruler of

2035:, which is the closest existing language to the extinct 1786:. It is recorded that Afghans were also enrolled in the 1298:

Indian and Pakistani Pashtuns have utilised the British/

13934:

The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia

12631:

The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities

12176: 11504:

Henderson, Michael (1983). "Four Varieties of Pashto".

10765: 9960:"Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone" 7894:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a 7773:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99. 7455:"Strabo, Geography, BOOK XI., CHAPTER VIII., section 2" 6405:

The Indian Army on the Western Front South Asia Edition

6315: 5833:"What will happen to Afghanistan's national languages?" 4568:, Pakistani activist for female education and the 2014 4061:

from their ancestral villages to settle in cities like

4018:

and Maikhter regions of the British Indian province of

3419:), each consisting of several extended families called 3407:. The tribe is then divided into kinship groups called 2719:

method of resistance. Many Pashtuns also worked in the

2583:

who was a former high-ranking military commander under

1524: 1441:

also mentions a tribe of known as Aparytai (Ἀπαρύται).

13544: 13396: 13394: 13392: 9990:"Malik Ghulam Muhammad - Governor-General of Pakistan" 8949:

in use in the East Gangetic Valley to denote a Muslim

7738:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a 7525:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 117. 4787: 3240:, India's former ambassador to Algeria and advisor to 2217:

to be descended from Alexander's soldiers considered.

1326:. For example, about 300,000 Pashtuns migrated to the 12668:"Tirah Sikhs glad at getting status of tribal elders" 11936:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 64. 11820:

was already evolved but it was yet to be implemented.

11445: 8443:. The History Files. 4 February 1998 . Archived from 7409: 5321: 4773: 4622:

Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan

2862:

would remain predominantly Pashtun until the fall of

2501:

According to genetic studies Pashtuns have a greater

1056:, a Pashtun dynasty. They also live in the states of 455: 446: 420: 411: 385: 376: 12643:

Sikh Religious Heritage – My visit to Lehenda Punjab

11314: 11229:

Shackle, C. (1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".

9859:"Young Afghan refugees and asylum seekers in the UK" 9435:

E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936

9001:. Khyber. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014 8765: 8727:

are the alleged Pashtun ties to Israel (Israelites).

8488:. Vol. 1. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 8170:

Minorsky, V. V.; Bosworth, C. E. (31 January 2015).

7245:

territory in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan...

5327: 5014:"Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (2022)" 3977:

Pashtuns migrated from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after the

3969:

groups and minorities, especially since many of the

3303:

The majority of Pashtuns from Afghanistan belong to

1721:"Saul, a pleasant village on a mountain. In it live 1508:

Strabo, The Geography, Book XI, Chapter 8, Section 2

1427:

These Pactyans lived on the eastern frontier of the

1108:

have an estimate of around 100,000. The Pashtuns in

549:

lack of an official census in Afghanistan since 1979

475: 449: 437: 414: 402: 379: 367: 13709:"I have a right to – Muhammad Dawood Azami: Pashto" 13389: 12814: 12300:

The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia

11923: 11754:

Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, NWFP

11735:

Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, NWFP

10411:. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from 9698: 9089: 8711:

The Pashtun Tribes in Afghanistan: Wolves Among Men

8276:

E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936

7555: 7553: 7410:Ptolemy; Humbach, Helmut; Ziegler, Susanne (1998). 6947:

Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban

6863:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 34, 35, 37, 38–. 6311: 6309: 6090: 6029:. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations 5994:

Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban

5272: 4750: 2846:. In the meantime, millions of Pashtuns joined the 2543:(in the center with his son) and his delegation in 2340: 434: 399: 364: 13243: 12886: 12560: 12558: 12455: 12411: 11655:"د کرښې پرغاړه (په پاکستان کې د مورنیو ژبو حیثیت)" 9774: 9216:sfn error: no target: CITEREFde_la_Vaissière2003 ( 8481: 7628: 6401: 6052: 5470:Clunan, Anne; Trinkunas, Harold A. (10 May 2010). 5111:. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021 5059:"Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns" 4590:(Sharbat Gula) depicted on the June 1985 cover of 4296:has expanded in the last decade, with a number of 1704:Varāha Mihira, 6th century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61 1578:literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or " 1272:, gained power in the western regions of Iran and 13896: 13857:The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion 12983:. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006 12754:, in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition, 2010. 8649:Pashto in its origin, is probably a Saka dialect. 7389:. Creative Media Partners, LLC. pp. 28, 31. 7386:The Gates of India, Being an Historical Narrative 6478: 6476: 6018: 5949:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 5377:Lindisfarne, Nancy; Tapper, Nancy (23 May 1991). 5376: 4164:The earliest describes Sheikh Mali's conquest of 3748:in 330 BC, possibly survived in the form of 3720:Pashtuns prefer wearing their traditional clothes 3228:. In addition, one of India's former presidents, 2672:, also referred to as "the Red shirts" movement, 15885: 14010: 13876:. 1997. "Afghanistan." Oxford University Press. 12355: 12291: 12218:Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region 11532: 10097: 10095: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9405:Fisher, William Bayne; Yarshater, Ehsan (1968). 8169: 8101: 7550: 7440:Untersuchungen zur geschichte von Eran II (1905) 6649: 6553:. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020 6306: 6027:"Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection" 5633: 5586: 5006: 3992:. A small Pashtun Hindu community, known as the 3882:The overwhelming majority of Pashtuns adhere to 3411:, which in turn is divided into smaller groups ( 1252:itself. The second Durrani king of Afghanistan, 1072:were primary locations of Pashtun migrants from 563:, significant and historical communities of the 199: 12555: 12265:"Q & A on Afghanistan's Loya Jirga Process" 12231: 11956: 11888: 11497: 9982: 9493: 9404: 9235:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRezakhani2017 ( 9211: 9083: 9037:Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād (1972). 8040:"Sanskritdictionary.com: Definition of avagāṇa" 7202:"Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 7: HYMN XVIII. Indra" 6924:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan" 6702:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan" 6525:"Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan" 6395: 5563: 5561: 5530: 5528: 5501:Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (1 August 1988). 5500: 5469: 4576:The decades of war and the rise of the Taliban 4207:. In 1919, during the expanding of mass media, 4072: 3768:. Contrary to the Pashtuns living in Pakistan, 2514:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective", 1729:The same book also speaks of a king in Ninhar ( 179: 27:Ethnic group native to Pakistan and Afghanistan 15949:Ethnic groups divided by international borders 13675: 13346:"Dom Joly: Know your Kokpar from your Kyz-Kuu" 13321:. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. 12969: 12845: 12678: 12531: 12529: 12527: 11987:Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects 10452:"Redeeming the Pashtun, the ultimate warriors" 9851: 9502:"The Virtual Jewish History Tour, Afghanistan" 9161:. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. 8234:. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from 7590:A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes 7077: 6473: 6093:"Profiles of Pakistan's Seven Tribal Agencies" 5219:Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects 5027: 4010:. Prior to 1947, the community resided in the 3426: 3085:Many more held high government posts, such as 2918:Many high-ranking government officials in the 2615:took control of the empire. Specifically, the 1604:"). This view was propounded by scholars like 1278:southern part of the Iranian Khorasan Province 1227:defeated the last independent Ghilji ruler of 15203: 14675: 14225: 14211: 13996: 13574: 13452: 12846:Minahan, James (10 February 2014). "Pamiri". 12800:"Pashto language, alphabet and pronunciation" 12599: 12453: 12447: 12186:MacKenzie, D.N. (1959). "A Standard Pashto". 11960:Afghanistan 101: Understanding Afghan Culture 11834:"Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan" 11679: 11407: 10483:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective" 10263:. Chennai, India. 26 May 2003. Archived from 10092: 10069: 9613:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective" 9604: 9521: 9352: 8953:. Bellew, one of the greatest authorities on 8692:"Enyclopedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō" 8610:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō" 8592:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō" 8521:"Encolypedia Iranica, AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō" 8484:Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8004: 6939: 6937: 6917: 6915: 6024: 4656:. Other Indian actresses and models, such as 4320:, which has a special children's show called 4033:There is also a minority of Pashtun Sikhs in 3786:Another prominent Pashtun institution is the 726: 508:. They historically were also referred to as 117: 13035: 12892:Awde, Nicholas and Asmatullah Sarwan. 2002. 12349: 12130: 12128: 11930:Carol Benson; Kimmo Kosonen (13 June 2013). 11102: 11100: 10368: 10235:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 267. 9878:"The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan" 9690:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9425: 9293:. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011 9066:and established settlements of his own, but 8574:Journal of the K. R. Cama Oriental Institute 8007:Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan 7559: 6655: 6597: 5740: 5738: 5558: 5534: 5525: 4959:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3552:The map of Pashto speaking areas of Pakistan 2607:in the first half of the 19th century under 2603:provinces of Iran. After the decline of the 1260:. Contemporary to Durrani rule in the east, 219: 13104:New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments 12939:. London: General Books. 2010. p. 26. 12524: 12297: 11751: 11612:Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan 11349:. United Nations. p. 7. Archived from 11089:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 9946:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns. 9916: 9821: 9411:. Cambridge University Press. p. 216. 8928: 8678:Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb 8663:Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb 8571: 8558:. Historical Society of Afghanistan. 1975. 8306: 8217: 8102:Varāhamihira; Bhat, M. Ramakrishna (1981). 7631:"On the Origin of Terms Afghan and Pashtun" 6922:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008). 6852: 6850: 6700:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008). 6523:Alavi, Shams Ur Rehman (11 December 2008). 6490:. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008 6408:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–. 6350:. Cambridge University Press. p. 186. 6156:: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition 5899:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns. 5665: 5663: 5661: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4700:in Pakistan, some have been kept away from 4137:. Its closest modern relatives may include 3674:The first Pashto alphabet was developed by 2970:also include large percentage of Pashtuns. 2630:" of the 19th century, rivalry between the 1877:, many of the Copts became converts to the 1778:'s army and were sent on his expedition to 1207:. Records as early as the mid-1600s report 953:and Khan Mohammad Atif, a professor at the 941:Pashtuns in India are often referred to as 763: 279: 15217: 15210: 15196: 14682: 14668: 14218: 14204: 14003: 13989: 13701: 13061: 12878:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12766: 12409: 12403: 11554: 11464: 10129: 10127: 8426: 8122: 7359:History of Pakistan: Pakistan through ages 6950:. Univ of California Press. pp. 18–. 6943: 6934: 6912: 6856: 6693: 6364: 6025:Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013). 5871: 5476:. Stanford University Press. p. 101. 5383:. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. 5337:. Handbuch der Orientalistik/2,7. Leiden: 5241: 5239: 4745: 2070:akin to Khotanese. In fact major linguist 947:Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent 733: 719: 582: 571:as well as in major Indian cities such as 97: 62: 13650: 13583:Performance of Emotion Among Paxtun Women 13106:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 12792: 12773:. Ishi Press International. p. 210. 12517:. Himal, Incorporated. 2002. p. 91. 12185: 12125: 11503: 11106: 11097: 11074: 10952: 10895: 10794: 10784: 10742: 10668: 10658: 10608: 10558: 10508: 10498: 9636: 9567:"Are Pashtuns the Lost Tribes of Israel?" 9230: 9039:"An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name" 8849: 8135: 7968: 7904:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial 7748:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial 7522:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia 7479:Sagar, Krishna Chandra (1 January 1992). 7472: 7157: 7151: 7078:Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita (2017). 6765:Finnigan, Christopher (29 October 2018). 6742: 6740: 6540: 6538: 6516: 5985: 5849: 5735: 5592: 5541:. Stanford University Press. p. 36. 5507:. Syracuse University Press. p. 95. 4859: 4857: 4022:. They are mainly members of the Pashtun 3732:Pashtun culture is based on Pashtunwali, 2352:Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites 2346:Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites 2281:claimed the Khalaj to be remnants of the 2168:past but this lacks supporting evidence. 1709:The word Afghan also appeared in the 982 1647:documents found in Northern Afghanistan. 1143:and other places, Rohillas were sent to 13854: 13638:"Remembering the Brightest of the Babis" 13420: 13101: 12734: 12605: 12566:"India's Forgotten Links to Afghanistan" 12157: 11608: 11506:Journal of the American Oriental Society 11439: 11383:Combating Terrorism Center at West Point 11373: 11371: 10101: 10037: 10012: 9951: 9737: 9582: 9534: 9188: 9186: 8097: 8095: 7763: 7586: 7362:. Sang-e Meel Publications. p. 77. 6970: 6847: 6764: 6712: 6656:Bhattacharya, Ravik (15 February 2018). 6343: 6296:"What Languages Are Spoken In Pakistan?" 5705: 5658: 4967: 4560: 4440: 4082: 3924: 3835: 3723: 3715: 3547: 3498: 3378: 2968:list of current governors of Afghanistan 2902: 2871: 2660: 2575:. The Hotak rulers rebelled against the 2555:Their modern past stretches back to the 2532: 2004: 1913: 1618: 1400:connects them with a tribe mentioned by 1355:, one of the tribes that fought against 1030: 259: 239: 13684:"Pakistan's first women fighter pilots" 13460:"Along Afghanistan's War-torn Frontier" 13131:. Cheltenham: SportsBooks. p. 15. 11904:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from 11874:. Brill. 9 December 2011. p. 278. 11775:"Education in Pashto language stressed" 11710: 11228: 10374: 10348: 10289: 10124: 9746: 9653: 9585:"Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel" 9431: 9329:The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition 9269: 8707: 8272: 7935:Afghanistan -a country without a state? 7382: 7161:Pakistan: nationalism without a nation? 6781:"Bollywood actor Firoz Khan dies at 70" 6623: 6607:. Census of India. 2001. Archived from 6402:George Morton-Jack (24 February 2015). 6091:Syed Saleem Shahzad (20 October 2006). 5910: 5830: 5677:History of the Mohamedan Power in India 5245: 5236: 5056: 3525:of most Pashtuns. It is one of the two 2153:Some Pashtun tribes claim descent from 1974:stated in 1846 that "the origin of the 137: 14: 15899:Social groups of Balochistan, Pakistan 15886: 13635: 13126: 12767:Penzl, Herbert; Sloan, Ismail (2009). 12760: 12660: 12535: 12492: 12390: 11801: 11341: 11335: 11137: 10201: 10167: 10043: 9922: 9537:Are Pashtuns the Lost Tribe of Israel? 9325: 9250: 8934: 8799: 8714:. Pen and Sword Military. p. 14. 8675: 8660: 8536: 7974: 7925: 7587:Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (October 2013). 7560:Humbach, Helmut; Faiss, Klaus (2012). 6887: 6881: 6737: 6544: 6535: 6059:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 6050: 6044: 5877: 5850:Chiovenda, Andrea (12 November 2019). 5605: 5294: 4854: 3728:Local clothes used by Pashtun children 2388:in the 17th century. The 13th century 2031:language. It shares features with the 1885: 1347:Ancient historical references: Pashtun 1187:. The majority of Indian Pashtuns are 834:, among others. Pashtuns also live in 159: 15191: 14663: 14199: 13984: 13794:"Pathan Identity and its Maintenance" 13791: 13681: 13609: 13580: 13518: 13256:from the original on 11 January 2022. 13241: 13102:McCollum, Jonathan (2014). "Ghaval". 12907: 12576: 12298:Arnold, Alison; Nettl, Bruno (2000). 11983: 11854:from the original on 9 October 2022. 11470: 11450:. Taylor & Francis. p. 447. 11368: 11107:Schiffman, Harold (9 December 2011). 11069:(3). Zoological Society of Pakistan. 10986: 10691: 10525: 10228: 10133: 10102:Devasher, Tilak (15 September 2022). 9875: 9459: 9390:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9326:Runion, Meredith L. (24 April 2017). 9183: 8996: 8800:Bellew, Henry Walter (8 March 1891). 8787:"Theory of Coptic origin of Pashtuns" 8642: 8392: 8310:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354 8092: 7518: 7478: 6921: 6888:Swarup, Shubhangi (27 January 2011). 6699: 6587:"The 'Kabuliwala' Afghans of Kolkata" 6522: 6141: 5991: 5800: 5744: 5438: 5414:. Yale University Press. p. 33. 5407: 5266: 5215: 4180:, and they use the writings found in 3933:(praying) outside in the open in the 3635:and the South Eastern (spoken by the 2318:1747, might be connected to with the 2260: 2027:Pashto is generally classified as an 1790:(1148–1215). By the beginning of the 13827:The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 13651:Yousafzai, Sami (28 November 2011). 13448:from the original on 9 October 2022. 13297:"'Mukha' lovers throng Topi contest" 13120: 13019:. Afghanistan Online. Archived from 12582: 12536:Haider, Suhasini (3 February 2018). 12493:Haidar, Suhasini (3 February 2018). 12257: 12134: 12106: 11831: 11408:O'Connell, Aaron B. (3 April 2017). 9957: 9742:. National Galvanizing Pvt. Limited. 9595: 9465: 9284: 9201:, 15 December 2010 (Pierre Oberling) 9132: 8784: 8773:The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 8398: 8108:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 143. 7593:. Trafford Publishing. p. 142. 7485:. Northern Book Centre. p. 91. 7436: 7355: 6718: 5408:Rubin, Barnett R. (1 January 2002). 5246:Minahan, James B. (30 August 2012). 5216:David, Anne Boyle (1 January 2014). 5184: 4718: 4631:Further challenging the status quo, 2039:, but also shares features with the 2000: 1525:Middle historical references: Afghan 1338:around the world includes Pashtuns. 1016:, they are sometimes referred to as 92:Regions with significant populations 15894:Social groups of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 14689: 13936:" Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition. 13810:from the original on 9 October 2022 13526:"Making Waves: Interview with RAWA" 13043:"Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pashtuns" 12894:Pashto: Dictionary & Phrasebook 11963:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 89. 11076:10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941 10046:"The history of Lahore's Kakayzais" 9438:. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 150. 9371: 9251:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 9062:Alexander took these away from the 8760:others who passed through the area. 8479: 8225:"AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN" 8176:. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 91. 7886: 7838: 7826: 7796: 7416:(in Greek). Reichert. p. 224. 6723:. Hackett Publishing. p. 141. 5076: 4938:from the original on 9 October 2022 4863: 4769: 4744: 4098:for publishing the first newspaper 3815: 3797: 3647:, can also be divided on the North 3627:, the South Western (spoken by the 3619:, the North Eastern (spoken by the 2974:serves as acting Defense Minister, 1950:that spread throughout the eastern 1656:the Bactrian documents, 4th century 1283: 968:. These include Bombay (now called 500:primarily residing in northwestern 468: 24: 13901:. University of Washington Press. 13727: 13612:"Warlords and women in uneasy mix" 13610:North, Andrew (14 November 2005). 13562:from the original on 28 April 2006 12896:, New York: Hippocrene Books Inc. 12135:Khan, Ibrahim (7 September 2021). 11990:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 185. 11732: 11138:Hakala, Walter (9 December 2011). 10589:European Journal of Human Genetics 10539:European Journal of Human Genetics 10487:European Journal of Human Genetics 10349:Watkins, Andrew (17 August 2022). 10171:Famous Indians of the 21st century 9752: 9617:European Journal of Human Genetics 9583:McCarthy, Rory (17 January 2010). 9535:Stanizai, Zaman (9 October 2020). 9432:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987). 9253:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 8830:European Journal of Human Genetics 7942:, United States: IKO. p. 18. 7613: 7482:Foreign Influence on Ancient India 5964:"Hindu Society and English Rule". 5801:Tyler, John A. (10 October 2021). 5745:Huang, Guiyou (30 December 2008). 5185:Khan, Ibrahim (7 September 2021). 4662:Afghan communist regime's Military 3663:the non-Central dialects becoming 2791:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 2747:. By the 1950s a popular call for 2516:European Journal of Human Genetics 25: 15970: 13636:Khanna, Anshu (22 January 2021). 13271:"Hottie of the week: Fawad Ahmed" 13129:The Encyclopedia of World Cricket 13017:"Classical Dari and Pashto Poets" 12917:. UCLA Language Materials Project 11802:Report, Dawn (22 February 2021). 11711:Mohmand, Mureeb (27 April 2014). 10104:The Pashtuns: A Contested History 10044:Sheikh, Majid (22 October 2017). 9499: 8405:. Sarup & Sons. p. 273. 7639:. Scienze e lettere. p. 39. 7383:Holdich, Thomas (12 March 2019). 7131:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 7051:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6997:"DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6719:Frey, James (16 September 2020). 6055:A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan 5917:Linguistics and Literature Review 5683:Persian Literature in Translation 5535:Dan Caldwell (17 February 2011). 5222:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 76. 5057:Maclean, William (10 June 2009). 4707: 4461:Afghanistan national cricket team 4274: 4184:as proof. Amir Kror Suri, son of 2769:agenda, which opened doors for a 2097: 1627:The earliest mention of the name 1392:Rigveda, Book 7, Hymn 18, Verse 7 1012:before 1947). In some regions in 14180: 13644: 13629: 13603: 13482: 13380: 13371: 13364:Dean, Ruth and Melissa Thomson, 13358: 13339: 13307: 13289: 13263: 13235: 13217: 13199: 13181: 13163: 13145: 13095: 13009: 12953: 12929: 12839: 12708: 12505: 12486: 12454:Trimbur, John (10 August 2004). 12384: 12323: 12279: 12239:"Q&A: What is a loya jirga?" 12206: 12151: 12100: 12075: 12050: 12037: 12004: 11977: 11950: 11862: 11825: 11795: 11767: 11745: 11726: 11704: 11673: 11647: 11576: 11401: 11385:. 15 August 2009. Archived from 11321:. Lexington Books. p. 203. 11308: 11298:"Minority Rights Group Pashtuns" 11290: 11265: 11222: 11192: 11162: 11131: 11050: 11008: 10997: 10980: 10969: 10912: 10855: 10811: 10759: 10702: 10685: 10625: 10575: 10444: 10422: 10394: 10355:United States Institute of Peace 10342: 10333:Encyclopædia of Muslim Biography 10325: 10308: 10283: 10249: 10222: 10195: 10161: 10134:Dalal, Mangal (8 January 2010). 9958:Rahi, Arwin (25 February 2020). 9869: 9799: 9731: 9576: 9559: 9398: 9365: 9346: 9319: 9278: 9272:Endangered Turkic Languages II A 9263: 9244: 9224: 9126: 9030: 8997:Ahmad, Khaled (31 August 2009). 8990: 8897: 8866: 8817: 8793: 8778: 8732: 8701: 8684: 8669: 8654: 8636: 8619: 8602: 8584: 8565: 8548: 8530: 8513: 8473: 8364: 8334: 8300: 8266: 8257: 8193: 8163: 8080:Online Edition. 15 December 1983 8062: 8032: 8023: 8005:Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000). 7975:Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). 7911: 7863: 7817: 7808: 7787: 7757: 7681: 7653: 7622: 7607: 7580: 7512: 6971:Windfuhr, Gernot (13 May 2013). 6900:from the original on 4 June 2020 6837:"Northern Pashtuns in Australia" 6813:. Afghanland.com. Archived from 5831:Bodetti, Austin (11 July 2019). 4864:Ali, Arshad (15 February 2018). 4407:among others. A sub-type of the 4055:insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3800:) or 'grand council' of elected 2986:as acting Finance Minister, and 2642:). However, during the reign of 2448:linked to the ancient Israelites 2341:Anthropology and oral traditions 2269:tribe has been connected to the 2157:, including some claiming to be 1191:, who have assimilated into the 567:exist in the northern region of 430: 395: 360: 281: 261: 241: 221: 201: 181: 161: 139: 119: 99: 13552:"Laura Bush Meets Afghan Women" 13315:"Sports and Games of Pashtoons" 12606:Eusufzye, Khan Shehram (2018). 12514:Himāl: The South Asian Magazine 12393:"Pashtuns want an image change" 12362:(in 9 VOLUMES), Arabic-English" 11024:Genetics and Molecular Research 10432:. Khaama Press. 29 January 2023 10257:"To Islamabad and the Frontier" 10078:(1 ed.). U.S.: Routledge. 8965:, was a corruption of the word 8808:By Some, the Bangash ancestor, 8755:Many scholars believe that the 8142:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18. 7566:. Reichert Verlag. p. 21. 7447: 7430: 7403: 7376: 7349: 7324: 7302: 7276: 7251: 7231: 7219: 7194: 7185: 7123: 7098: 7071: 7043: 7022:"ḠILZĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 7014: 6989: 6975:. Routledge. pp. 703–731. 6964: 6857:Jasim Khan (27 December 2015). 6829: 6799: 6773: 6758: 6675: 6579: 6451: 6435:. Islamic Voice. Archived from 6425: 6337: 6288: 6263: 6228: 6211:"Pakistan - The World Factbook" 6203: 6173: 6135: 6110: 6084: 5957: 5904: 5843: 5824: 5794: 5769: 5494: 5463: 5439:Baiza, Yahia (21 August 2013). 5432: 5401: 5370: 5329:von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph 5209: 5178: 5153: 5123: 5097: 4758: 4725: 3054:, from 1947 to 1951, and third 2920:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2295:However, according to linguist 2265:According to some accounts the 2238:as part of an alliance treaty. 2201:A number of genetic studies on 2185: 2082:group. Furthermore, Pashto and 1834:Muslim rule in the subcontinent 1487:, the Greek geographer, in the 1219:. After the short reign of the 624:Discrimination against Pashtuns 539:There are an estimated 350–400 15868:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 9996:. 23 July 2017. Archived from 9829:"Mohammad Yousaf Khan Khattak" 9786:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 9718:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 8961:, one of the ancestors of the 7158:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2002). 6545:Haleem, Safia (24 July 2007). 6344:Siddiqui, Niloufer A. (2022). 6185:United Nations world data form 5998:University of California Press 5931:(inactive 11 September 2024). 5645:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 5050: 4986:. 20 July 1954. Archived from 4917: 4889: 4840: 4823: 4668:served paratrooper during the 4457:Pakistan national cricket team 4450:Pakistan national cricket team 3333: 3249:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1910:History of Indian subcontinent 551:. They are the second-largest 37:For the Pashtun language, see 13: 1: 13682:Abbas, Zaffar (11 May 2005). 13355:, The Independent: Columnists 13242:Berry, Scyld (11 July 2016). 12904:. Retrieved 18 February 2007. 12850:. Santa Barbara, California. 12583:Khan, Naimat (30 June 2020). 12058:"Waneci, Glottolog: wane1241" 11594:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 10208:. APH Publishing. p. 8. 10202:Fārūqī, Z̤iāʼulḥasan (1999). 9757:. Notion Press. p. 524. 9660:Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B. 9408:The Cambridge History of Iran 9135:"The Khalaj West of the Oxus" 8708:Acheson, Ben (30 June 2023). 8346:University of Texas at Austin 7870:"Afghans are Assakani of the 7720:"Afghans are Assakani of the 6769:. London School of Economics. 5187:"Tarīno and Karlāṇi dialects" 4816: 4395:(eponymously named after the 4106:The majority of Pashtuns use 3953:who has helped translate the 3583:Pashto has a large number of 3342:Those who are well-versed in 2978:as acting Interior Minister, 2894:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 2773:by neighbors. In April 1978, 2759:seized control of Afghanistan 2731:who was a close associate of 2522: 2483:Mountstuart Elphinstone, 1841 2374:, who compiled a history for 2331:The Cambridge History of Iran 2249:believe to be descended from 2225:Greek and Indian Rajput roots 2066:region and is connected to a 1902:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1832:writing about the history of 1612:, M. V. de Saint Martin, and 1380: 79: 15934:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 15909:Ethnic groups in Balochistan 14012:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 13801:National Chengchi University 13045:. Pashto.org. Archived from 12915:"History of Pushto language" 12356:Muhammad Muhsin Khan (ed.). 12137:"Tarīno and Karāṇi dialects" 12111:. Eisenbrauns. p. 736. 12043:Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. 10692:Whale, John William (2012). 10660:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 10294:. Vision Books. p. 28. 10174:. Pustak Mahal. p. 60. 10168:Sharma, Vishwamitra (2007). 9876:Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995). 9738:Thakurta, R.N. Guha (1978). 9666:Packard Humanities Institute 7920:Louis Vivien de Saint-Martin 5687:Packard Humanities Institute 5273:James William Spain (1963). 5137:(in Russian). Archived from 4948:AFGHANI/KABULI/PASHTO 21,677 4788: 4578:caused considerable hardship 4310:Radio Television Afghanistan 4217:Tawarikh-e-Hafiz Rehmatkhani 4079:Pashto literature and poetry 4073:Pashto literature and poetry 3615:) having the phonetic value 3556:Pashto is categorised as an 3393:four 'greater' tribal groups 3056:Governor-General of Pakistan 2982:as acting Foreign Minister, 2821:and many more. In 1979, the 1341: 774:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 557:ethnic groups in Afghanistan 514:ethnic groups in Afghanistan 7: 15959:Ethnic groups in South Asia 15740:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 15117:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism 13466:. June 1985. Archived from 12158:Siddique, Abubakar (2014). 11583:Population by Mother Tongue 11416:University of Chicago Press 11273:"Afghanistan ethnic groups" 11063:Pakistan Journal of Zoology 9740:The Contemporary, Volume 22 8999:"Pathans and Hindu Rajputs" 8935:Quddus, Syed Abdul (1987). 8539:The World's Major Languages 7286:. Piney.com. Archived from 6246:Central Intelligence Agency 5976:Hindustani had arisen as a 5854:. Oxford University Press. 5109:Census Profile, 2021 Census 4774: 4751: 3848:, which also serves as the 3821: 3456: 3427:Durrani and Ghilji Pashtuns 3403:, the Gharghashti, and the 3298: 2997:, which was represented by 2775:Daoud Khan was assassinated 2505:modal halogroup than Jews: 1968:and the 1st millennium BC, 1749:in what is today Pakistan. 498:Eastern Iranic ethnic group 476: 307:in its different dialects: 10: 15975: 15873:War in North-West Pakistan 15833:Afghan War of Independence 13897:Goodson, Larry P. (2001). 12977:"Amir Hamza Shinwari Baba" 12015:. 2003. pp. 116–130. 11984:David, Anne Boyle (2014). 11688:, Pakistan. Archived from 11174:University of Pennsylvania 10945:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3 10888:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3 10833:10.1007/s10709-020-00095-2 10786:10.1186/s12864-022-09028-z 10735:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3 10070:Kumarasingham, H. (2016). 9923:Hakala, Walter N. (2012). 9545:10.33774/coe-2020-vntk7-v4 8279:. BRILL. pp. 150–51. 8136:Vogelsang, Willem (2002). 8029:A small kingdom in Bactria 7519:Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990). 7356:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2007). 6748:"Pashtun, Pathan in India" 6461:. Houghton Mifflin Company 6320:. Routledge. p. 148. 5878:Hakala, Walter N. (2012). 5807:. Aries Consolidated LLC. 5445:. Routledge. p. 100. 5306:. World English Dictionary 4783: 4711: 4672:and was later promoted to 4430: 4423:) which is an instrument. 4278: 4076: 4057:, some Pashtun Sikhs were 3842:tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani 3825: 3779: 3705: 3695: 3689: 3685: 3480: 3466: 3460: 3430: 3372: 3181:, is a Pakistani Pashtun. 3173:, who became the youngest 3013:, and in contemporary era 2922:were Pashtuns, including: 2526: 2349: 2178:Pashtuns are connected to 2074:has described Pashto as a 1895: 1892:Theories of Pashtun origin 1889: 1766:) enlisted in the army of 1528: 1287: 1124:, whose father settled in 1112:include the khan siblings 914: 908: 767: 744: 545:variety of origin theories 36: 29: 15904:Ethnic groups in Pakistan 15753: 15700: 15680: 15656: 15643: 15570: 15485: 15412:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai 15282:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai 15264: 15226: 15107: 15091: 15070: 15054: 15018: 14697: 14233: 14227:Ethnic groups in Pakistan 14177: 14146: 14018: 13587:University of Texas Press 13581:Grima, Benedicte (1992). 13331:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 13225:"Mohammad Rizwan profile" 13001:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12745:Eastern Iranian languages 12674:. Pakistan. 12 July 2015. 11609:Hallberg, Daniel (1992). 11542:. Encyclopædia Britannica 11473:"The Phonology of Pashto" 11435:– via Google Books. 11243:10.1017/S0041977X00137401 11113:. BRILL. pp. 55–56. 10551:10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z 10493:(October 2012): 1063–70. 9472:. Brill. pp. 95–96. 9311:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 9175:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 9151:10.1017/S0041977X00087607 9104:10.1007/s00439-004-1094-x 9046:(64 BC – 24 AD) 9022:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8910:. Springer. p. 403. 8879:. Springer. p. 409. 7981:. Barkhuis. p. 144. 7531:10.1017/CHOL9780521243049 7443:(in German). p. 177. 7164:. Zed Books. p. 27. 7084:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6571:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6508:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5671:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah 5593:Sims-Williams, Nicholas. 5262:– via Google Books. 4736: 4426: 3890:school of thought. Small 3587:: generally divided into 3368: 3349:Adherence to the code of 2693:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai 1687:by the Indian astronomer 1479:Ptolemy, 150 CE, 6.18.3-4 1445:has linked them with the 1365:"Battle of the Ten Kings" 1239:and large numbers of the 1189:Urdu-speaking communities 937:Pathans of Madhya Pradesh 770:Ethnic groups in Pakistan 504:and southern and eastern 345: 340: 331: 326: 303: 298: 278: 258: 238: 218: 198: 178: 158: 136: 116: 96: 91: 78: 73: 61: 54: 15668:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement 15122:Ancient Iranian religion 13855:Docherty, Paddy (2008). 13792:Barth, Frederik (n.d.). 12021:10.4324/9780203412336-14 11957:Ehsan M Entezar (2008). 10987:Tariq, Muhammad (2017). 10402:"Afghan Government 2009" 8647:. Academia. p. 32. 8645:A Study in Pashto Stress 8537:Comrie, Bernard (2009). 8436:The History of Herodotus 8273:Houtsma, M. Th. (1993). 7765:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra 6259:(Archived 2022 edition.) 5929:10.29145/2018/llr/040101 5911:Saddiqa, Ayesha (2018). 5641:"History of Afghanistan" 5613:"Afghan and Afghanistan" 4552: 4448:, former captain of the 4094:, became the pioneer of 4002:), migrated to Unniara, 3775: 3491:Languages of Afghanistan 3157:) and literature (e.g., 3107:Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi 2711:), and were inspired by 1495:language, much like the 933:Pathans of Uttar Pradesh 904: 764:Pakistan and Afghanistan 553:ethnic group in Pakistan 541:Pashtun tribes and clans 55: 15813:Second Anglo-Afghan War 15783:Third Battle of Panipat 15763:First Battle of Panipat 15673:People's Peace Movement 15557:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano 15062:Ancient Iranian peoples 13259:(subscription required) 12826:Encyclopædia Britannica 12083:"Waneci, ISO 639-3 wne" 11896:"AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto" 11713:"The decline of Pashto" 11588:10 October 2014 at the 8842:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726 8376:Encyclopedia Britannica 7665:Encyclopedia Britannica 6377:Encyclopædia Britannica 6142:Lewis, Paul M. (2009). 5713:"Afghanistan: Glossary" 5621:. alamahabibi.com. 1969 5573:Encyclopædia Britannica 5161:"Language used at home" 4871:Daily News and Analysis 4531:. Australian cricketer 3828:Religion in Afghanistan 3623:etc.) having the sound 3383:A map of Pashtun tribes 3080:nuclear weapons program 3078:, father of Pakistan's 2867:Republic of Afghanistan 2840:Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi 2811:Mohammad Aslam Vatanjar 2456:Mountstuart Elphinstone 2333:volume 3, Issue 1, the 1865:, that the Afghans are 1553:evidently derives from 1280:were Durrani Pashtuns. 1221:Ghilji Pashtuns in Iran 1198: 583:Geographic distribution 555:and one of the largest 529:Iranian language family 523:, which belongs to the 519:The Pashtuns speak the 32:Pathan (disambiguation) 15939:Ethnic groups in India 15745:Anti-Pashtun sentiment 15552:Adam Khan and Durkhani 14187:Afghanistan portal 13968:7 October 2006 at the 13859:. Union Square Press. 13351:28 August 2017 at the 12741:Nicholas Sims-Williams 12391:Rashid, Ahmed (2006). 12107:Kaye, Alan S. (1997). 11680:Hywel Coleman (2010). 11598:Government of Pakistan 11592:, Population Census – 11176:. 2006. Archived from 11170:"Understanding Pashto" 10292:Commonwealth and Nehru 10072:"Bureaucratic Statism" 9507:Jewish Virtual Library 8945:Grierson finds a form 8676:Cheung, Jonny (2007). 8661:Cheung, Jonny (2007). 8465:: CS1 maint: others ( 8044:sanskritdictionary.com 7940:University of Michigan 7874:; this word being the 7724:; this word being the 7499:Apollodorus of Artemia 6635:The News International 5967:The Westminster Review 4980:"Pakhtoons in Kashmir" 4902:The News International 4644:of India, entered the 4573: 4452: 4103: 3938: 3864: 3729: 3721: 3698:Culture of Afghanistan 3581: 3553: 3546: 3515: 3384: 3251:(Taliban regime). The 3058:, from 1951 to 1955), 2915: 2900: 2745:Third Anglo-Afghan War 2737:political intervention 2680: 2626:During the so-called " 2552: 2520: 2499: 2486: 2367:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2024: 1998: 1938: 1906:History of Balochistan 1898:History of Afghanistan 1883: 1823: 1808:. It is told that the 1727: 1707: 1681: 1670: 1659: 1624: 1511: 1482: 1461: 1425: 1395: 1328:Persian Gulf countries 1316:commonwealth countries 1183:in 1947, many of them 1037: 15944:Iranian ethnic groups 15019:Related ethnic groups 13153:"Younis Khan Profile" 12686:"The Frontier Singhs" 12637:Finding lost heritage 12442:the Taliban arrived). 12162:. Hurst. p. 28. 12045:Language Family Trees 11302:Minority Rights Group 11144:. Brill. p. 55. 10290:Darbari, Raj (1983). 9199:Encyclopaedia Iranica 8556:Afghanistan volume 28 8402:Dictionary of Vedanta 7881:meaning 'horsemen' " 7459:www.perseus.tufts.edu 7336:www.perseus.tufts.edu 7263:www.perseus.tufts.edu 7026:www.iranicaonline.org 6890:"The Kingdom of Khan" 5276:The Pathan Borderland 4564: 4444: 4431:Further information: 4343:Pashto-language films 4279:Further information: 4237:Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi 4188:, was an 8th-century 4092:Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi 4086: 4053:. Due to the ongoing 3981:and later, after the 3928: 3850:Congregational Mosque 3839: 3770:Nowruz in Afghanistan 3764:, Pashtuns celebrate 3727: 3719: 3696:Further information: 3570: 3551: 3535: 3502: 3495:Languages of Pakistan 3481:Further information: 3382: 3289:Karzai administration 3091:Mahmood Khan Achakzai 3064:President of Pakistan 3062:, who was the second 2906: 2875: 2864:Mohammad Najibullah's 2844:Mohammad Yunus Khalis 2707:(both members of the 2664: 2536: 2507: 2490: 2460: 2372:Nimat Allah al-Harawi 2360:lend credence to the 2008: 1981: 1917: 1896:Further information: 1838: 1802: 1719: 1697: 1671: 1660: 1649: 1622: 1529:Further information: 1501: 1472: 1451: 1414: 1385: 1288:Further information: 1168:during the same era. 1092:. Bombay (now called 1060:in central India and 1054:Royal House of Rampur 1034: 955:University of Lucknow 915:Further information: 745:Further information: 653:Empires and dynasties 341:Related ethnic groups 15520:northern Afghanistan 15332:Najib Khan Yousafzai 15083:Proto-Indo-Europeans 14995:Tats of the Caucasus 13127:Morgan, Roy (2007). 12750:19 July 2011 at the 12304:Taylor & Francis 12267:. Human Rights Watch 11471:Henderson, Michael. 11342:Wardak, Ali (2003). 11036:10.4238/gmr.15027167 10601:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50 10500:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59 10335:. A.P.H. Pub. Corp. 9807:"Abdul Ghaffar Khan" 9782:"Abdul Ghaffar Khan" 9714:"Last Afghan empire" 9629:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59 9466:Wink, Andre (2002). 9212:de la Vaissière 2003 8643:Bečka, Jiří (1969). 8399:Nath, Samir (2002). 8352:on 24 September 2018 8342:"Old Iranian Online" 8307:Ibn Battuta (2004). 8078:Encyclopædia Iranica 7206:www.sacred-texts.com 6051:Romano, Amy (2003). 5992:Green, Nile (2017). 5279:. Mouton. p. 40 5040:= 84,000 and 15% of 4640:(Mumtaz Jehan), the 4624:(RAWA) in the 1977. 4437:Sport in Afghanistan 4249:Khushal Khan Khattak 4201:Ameer Hamza Shinwari 4123:Pashto-Arabic script 4059:internally displaced 3951:Muhammad Muhsin Khan 3832:Religion in Pakistan 3578:David Neil MacKenzie 3328:Haplogroup H (mtDNA) 3287:and replaced by the 3007:Khushal Khan Khattak 2956:Sher Mohammad Karimi 2948:Mohammad Ishaq Aloko 2940:Ghulam Farooq Wardak 2890:Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai 2739:during the reign of 1408:) in 430 BCE in the 1379:hymns dated between 1185:migrated to Pakistan 901:speaking community. 15843:Waziristan campaign 15710:Pashtun nationalism 15437:Mohammad Najibullah 14320:European Pakistanis 13765:Banuazizi, Ali and 13711:. BBC World Service 13663:on 22 November 2013 13558:. 16 January 2006. 13464:National Geographic 13402:"I have a right to" 13275:The Express Tribune 12462:. Pearson Longman. 12410:Ali, Tariq (2003). 12366:firstedition.com.my 11717:The Express Tribune 11277:Library of Congress 11210:on 17 November 2006 11180:on 12 December 2006 10937:2022NatSR..12.1027T 10880:2022NatSR..12.1027T 10727:2022NatSR..12.1027T 10651:2013PLoSO...876748D 10232:Educational thought 10229:Johri, P.K (1999). 10146:on 11 February 2010 10136:"When men were men" 9964:The Express Tribune 9933:National Geographic 9383:(PhD Thesis): 242. 9214:, pp. 119–137. 8771:Caroe, Olaf. 1984. 8480:Lal, Mohan (1846). 7731:meaning 'horsemen'" 6944:Nile Green (2017). 6926:. Hindustan Times. 6807:"Afghans of Guyana" 6704:. Hindustan Times. 5887:National Geographic 5693:on 11 February 2009 5599:Khalili Collections 5045:Pakistani-Americans 4614:Meena Keshwar Kamal 4608:'s reign in 1929. 4593:National Geographic 4337:Producers based in 4114:, belonging to the 3983:rise of the Taliban 3758:musical instruments 3702:Culture of Pakistan 3362:patrilineal descent 3099:Aftab Ahmad Sherpao 3087:Asfandyar Wali Khan 3031:among many others. 2886:Abdul Ghani Baradar 2832:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 2807:Nur Muhammad Taraki 2767:Pashtun Nationalist 2733:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 2685:Indian independence 2529:Pashtun nationalism 2308:Georg Morgenstierne 2255:Alexander the Great 2221:Henry Walter Bellew 2172:Henry Walter Bellew 2072:Georg Morgenstierne 1886:History and origins 1869:of the race of the 1756:chronicler, in his 1733:), who had Muslim, 1383:1500 and 1200 BCE: 1369:the seventh mandala 1367:, are mentioned in 1245:Mazandaran Province 1048:is named after the 917:Pashtuns of Kashmir 751:Pashtuns of Kashmir 51: 15788:Battle of Nowshera 15778:Battle of Gulnabad 15681:Religious-military 15615:Ahmad Shah Durrani 15352:Malalai of Maiwand 15337:Dost Mohammad Khan 15327:Ahmad Shah Durrani 15307:Aimal Khan Mohmand 15302:Kalu Khan Yusufzai 13972:, 2003, online at 13470:on 9 November 2006 13439:Harvard University 13195:. 2 December 2017. 13171:"Umar Gul Profile" 12822:"Avestan language" 12692:on 22 October 2009 12337:. 13 December 2015 12335:The New York Times 11908:on 22 January 2012 11832:Hallberg, Daniel. 11779:www.thenews.com.pk 11692:on 4 November 2010 11389:on 21 October 2021 11200:"The Pashtun Code" 10925:Scientific Reports 10868:Scientific Reports 10715:Scientific Reports 10375:Cruickshank, Dan. 10140:The Indian Express 10106:. Harper Collins. 9839:on 18 January 2017 9710:Nancy Hatch Dupree 9372:Kurbano, Aydogdy. 9274:. Aralık: 273–275. 8447:on 5 February 2012 8372:"Pashtun | people" 7661:"Pashtun | people" 7437:Marquart, Joseph. 7312:. sacred-texts.com 7290:on 5 February 2012 6817:on 5 November 2006 6683:"Pashtun in India" 6662:The Indian Express 6637:. 16 February 2018 6611:on 1 February 2008 6439:on 17 October 2006 6241:The World Factbook 6144:"Pashto, Northern" 5141:on 16 January 2017 4990:on 9 December 2004 4905:. 16 February 2018 4803:The World Factbook 4694:Pakistan Air Force 4686:three-star general 4666:Khatol Mohammadzai 4574: 4453: 4409:Khattak Wal Atanrh 4401:Mahsood Wal Atanrh 4393:Khattak Wal Atanrh 4389:whirling dervishes 4298:Pashto TV channels 4269:Timur Shah Durrani 4265:Shuja Shah Durrani 4229:Ahmad Shah Durrani 4225:Afzal Khan Khattak 4192:and king from the 4104: 3979:partition of India 3939: 3929:Men doing Islamic 3886:and belong to the 3865: 3750:traditional dances 3730: 3722: 3554: 3527:national languages 3516: 3385: 3285:War in Afghanistan 3269:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 3232:, belonged to the 3072:President of India 3070:who was the third 3018:Abdul Ahad Mohmand 3001:, are referred to 2976:Sirajuddin Haqqani 2932:Anwar ul-Haq Ahady 2924:Abdul Rahim Wardak 2916: 2901: 2876:American diplomat 2836:Jalaluddin Haqqani 2828:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 2681: 2623:'s reign in 1973. 2609:Shuja Shah Durrani 2581:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2553: 2377:Khan-e-Jehan Lodhi 2261:Hephthalite origin 2025: 1939: 1625: 1497:Scythian languages 1314:but also in other 1294:Overseas Pakistani 1254:Timur Shah Durrani 1181:partition of India 1038: 951:partition of India 929:Pathans of Gujarat 480:;), also known as 49: 15881: 15880: 15863:Soviet–Afghan War 15848:Second Waziristan 15828:Siege of Malakand 15818:Battle of Maiwand 15720:Afghan (ethnonym) 15696: 15695: 15663:Khudai Khidmatgar 15432:Abdul Ahad Momand 15362:Abdur Rahman Khan 15347:Victor of Maiwand 15312:Darya Khan Afridi 15185: 15184: 15109:Iranian religions 15099:Iranian languages 14969: 14962: 14955: 14941: 14927: 14920: 14911: 14904: 14897: 14890: 14876: 14867: 14860: 14853: 14832: 14825: 14818: 14811: 14804: 14795: 14788: 14774: 14767: 14728: 14657: 14656: 14193: 14192: 14147:Foreign nationals 13956:978-0-19-636099-7 13916:Habibi, Abdul Hai 13908:978-0-295-98111-6 13866:978-1-4027-5696-2 13841:Dani, Ahmad Hasan 13751:978-1-59448-616-6 13640:. Daily Guardian. 13532:. 16 January 2006 13408:. 16 January 2006 13406:BBC World Service 13193:Business Recorder 13138:978-1-89980-751-2 13113:978-0-19-974339-1 13083:on 5 January 2008 12946:978-1-156-38425-1 12857:978-1-61069-018-8 12780:978-0-923891-72-5 12469:978-0-321-20305-2 12458:The call to write 12429:978-1-85984-457-1 12418:. Verso. p. 12169:978-1-84904-292-5 12118:978-1-57506-019-4 12030:978-0-203-41233-6 11997:978-1-61451-303-2 11970:978-1-4257-9302-9 11943:978-94-6209-218-1 11881:978-90-04-21765-2 11540:"Pashto language" 11485:on 4 October 2012 11356:on 7 October 2006 11328:978-0-7391-8805-7 11151:978-90-04-21765-2 11120:978-90-04-20145-3 10181:978-81-223-0829-7 10113:978-93-94407-64-0 10085:978-1-317-24509-4 9753:Rajesh, K. Guru. 9623:(10): 1063–1070. 9418:978-0-521-20092-9 9257:iranicaonline.org 9052:on 30 August 2010 8917:978-3-642-39479-9 8886:978-3-642-39479-9 8721:978-1-3990-6924-3 8213:978-81-85297-70-5 8183:978-1-909724-75-4 8115:978-81-208-0098-4 7988:978-94-93194-01-4 7780:978-8-12080-436-4 7646:978-88-6687-115-6 7600:978-1-4907-1441-7 7573:978-3-89500-887-0 7540:978-0-521-24304-9 7423:978-3-89500-061-4 7396:978-0-530-94119-6 7369:978-969-35-2020-0 7135:iranicaonline.org 7110:iranicaonline.org 7106:"ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN" 7091:978-1-4088-8885-8 7055:iranicaonline.org 7001:iranicaonline.org 6982:978-1-135-79704-1 6973:Iranian Languages 6957:978-0-520-29413-4 6870:978-81-8475-094-2 6730:978-1-62466-905-7 6415:978-1-107-11765-5 6327:978-1-136-92750-8 6244:(2024 ed.). 6149:SIL International 6007:978-0-520-29413-4 5861:978-0-19-007355-8 5814:978-1-387-68356-7 5781:en.wikisource.org 5758:978-1-56720-736-1 5548:978-0-8047-7666-0 5514:978-0-8156-2448-6 5483:978-0-8047-7012-5 5452:978-1-134-12082-6 5421:978-0-300-09519-7 5390:978-0-521-38158-1 5229:978-1-61451-231-8 5165:profile.id.com.au 4719:Explanatory notes 4674:brigadier general 4570:Nobel Peace Prize 4433:Sport in Pakistan 4378:string instrument 4345:since the 1970s. 4127:extinct languages 4096:Afghan journalism 3852:and contains the 3754:Persian tradition 3744:'s defeat of the 3601:Tarino or Waṇetsi 3599:groups; and also 3562:Pashto morphology 3446:of 1978; the new 3309:Haplogroup G-M201 3257:Abdullah Abdullah 3253:Northern Alliance 3175:Nobel Peace Prize 3076:Abdul Qadeer Khan 2984:Gul Agha Ishakzai 2980:Amir Khan Muttaqi 2928:Abdul Salam Azimi 2819:Mohammad Gulabzoy 2787:guerrilla warfare 2783:Afghan mujahideen 2729:Abdur Rab Nishtar 2709:Khudai Khidmatgar 2670:Khudai Khidmatgar 2644:Abdur Rahman Khan 2640:Siege of Malakand 2595:, as well as the 2435:Maghzan-e-Afghani 2413:and 16th century 2253:who arrived with 2241:Some groups from 2001:Linguistic origin 1935:Achaemenid Empire 1828:, a 16th-century 1810:prophet Sulayman 1531:Afghan (ethnonym) 1515:Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) 1324:Arabian Peninsula 1213:Khorasan Province 921:Pathans of Punjab 755:Pathans of Punjab 743: 742: 474: 353: 352: 152:3,200,000 (2018) 132:19,258,345 (2024) 112:43,633,946 (2023) 16:(Redirected from 15966: 15853:Mohmand campaign 15838:Afghan Civil War 15803:First Afghan War 15793:Battle of Jamrud 15768:Battle of Chausa 15730:Bannu Resolution 15657:Citizens' groups 15654: 15653: 15605:Abdul Hamid Baba 15527:Pashtun clothing 15472:Manzoor Pashteen 15467:Malala Yousafzai 15342:Wazir Akbar Khan 15256:Barakzai dynasty 15212: 15205: 15198: 15189: 15188: 14965: 14958: 14951: 14937: 14923: 14916: 14907: 14900: 14893: 14886: 14872: 14863: 14856: 14849: 14828: 14821: 14814: 14807: 14800: 14791: 14784: 14770: 14763: 14724: 14684: 14677: 14670: 14661: 14660: 14220: 14213: 14206: 14197: 14196: 14185: 14184: 14183: 14005: 13998: 13991: 13982: 13981: 13912: 13870: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13809: 13798: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13716: 13705: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13679: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13659:. Archived from 13648: 13642: 13641: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622: 13607: 13601: 13600: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13567: 13548: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13522: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13511: 13505: 13497:Huma Ahmed-Ghosh 13494: 13486: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13456: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13432: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13413: 13398: 13387: 13384: 13378: 13375: 13369: 13362: 13356: 13343: 13337: 13336: 13330: 13322: 13311: 13305: 13304: 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13267: 13261: 13260: 13257: 13247: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13221: 13215: 13214: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13185: 13179: 13178: 13167: 13161: 13160: 13149: 13143: 13142: 13124: 13118: 13117: 13099: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13079:. Archived from 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13049:on 17 April 2007 13039: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13028: 13023:on 12 April 2014 13013: 13007: 13006: 13000: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12957: 12951: 12950: 12933: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12911: 12905: 12890: 12884: 12883: 12877: 12869: 12843: 12837: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12818: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12807: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12764: 12758: 12738: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12718:. Archived from 12712: 12706: 12705: 12699: 12697: 12682: 12676: 12675: 12664: 12658: 12627: 12622: 12620: 12603: 12597: 12596: 12580: 12574: 12573: 12572:. 8 August 2018. 12562: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12548: 12533: 12522: 12521: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12490: 12484: 12483: 12478: 12476: 12461: 12451: 12445: 12444: 12438: 12436: 12417: 12407: 12401: 12400: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12368:. Archived from 12353: 12347: 12346: 12344: 12342: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12295: 12289: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12210: 12204: 12203: 12194:(1/3): 231–235. 12183: 12174: 12173: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12132: 12123: 12122: 12104: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12093: 12079: 12073: 12072: 12070: 12068: 12054: 12048: 12041: 12035: 12034: 12008: 12002: 12001: 11981: 11975: 11974: 11954: 11948: 11947: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11915: 11913: 11901:G. Morgenstierne 11892: 11886: 11885: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11853: 11838: 11829: 11823: 11822: 11816: 11814: 11799: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11785: 11771: 11765: 11764: 11749: 11743: 11742: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11697: 11677: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11659:mashaalradio.org 11651: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11634: 11628:. Archived from 11617: 11606: 11600: 11580: 11574: 11562:Sociolinguistics 11558: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11536: 11530: 11529: 11501: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11484: 11477: 11468: 11462: 11461: 11443: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11405: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11375: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11361: 11355: 11348: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11269: 11263: 11262: 11226: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11215: 11206:. Archived from 11196: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11185: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11104: 11095: 11094: 11088: 11080: 11078: 11054: 11048: 11047: 11021: 11012: 11006: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10984: 10978: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10956: 10916: 10910: 10909: 10899: 10859: 10853: 10852: 10827:(3–4): 195–206. 10815: 10809: 10808: 10798: 10788: 10763: 10757: 10756: 10746: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10672: 10662: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10612: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10562: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10512: 10502: 10478: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10418:on 28 July 2011. 10417: 10406: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10372: 10366: 10365: 10363: 10361: 10346: 10340: 10339: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10318:. James Currey. 10312: 10306: 10305: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10274: 10272: 10253: 10247: 10246: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10165: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10151: 10142:. Archived from 10131: 10122: 10121: 10099: 10090: 10089: 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10016: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9966:. Archived from 9955: 9949: 9948: 9942: 9940: 9929: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9855: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9835:. Archived from 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9778: 9772: 9771: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9735: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9702: 9696: 9695: 9689: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9668:. Archived from 9657: 9651: 9650: 9640: 9608: 9602: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9563: 9557: 9556: 9532: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9497: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9463: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9389: 9378: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9310: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9248: 9242: 9240: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9209: 9203: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9174: 9166: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9068:Seleucus Nicator 9059: 9057: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9021: 9013: 9008: 9006: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8853: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8797: 8791: 8790: 8782: 8776: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8752: 8750: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8487: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8464: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8441:George Rawlinson 8439:. Translated by 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8382: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8348:. Archived from 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8270: 8264: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8245: 8243: 8221: 8215: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8133: 8120: 8119: 8099: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8066: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8046:. Archived from 8036: 8030: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7958: 7956: 7929: 7923: 7915: 7909: 7890: 7884: 7867: 7861: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7821: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7761: 7755: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7671: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7614:Cheung, Johnny. 7611: 7605: 7604: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7557: 7548: 7547: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7255: 7249: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7198: 7192: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7141: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7034: 7032: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6941: 6932: 6931: 6919: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6744: 6735: 6734: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6507: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6386: 6384: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6313: 6304: 6303: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6267: 6261: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6187:. Archived from 6177: 6171: 6170: 6163: 6161: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6058: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6034: 6022: 6016: 6015: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5940: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5719:. Archived from 5709: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5689:. Archived from 5667: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5618:Abdul Hai Habibi 5609: 5603: 5602: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5311: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5284: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5243: 5234: 5233: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5054: 5048: 5038:Afghan-Americans 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4976: 4965: 4964: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4850:. 11 April 2023. 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4827: 4793: 4791: 4785: 4777: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4738: 4729: 4714:List of Pashtuns 4670:Afghan Civil War 4620:and founded the 4566:Malala Yousafzai 4332:Voice of America 4257:Pareshan Khattak 4221:Abdul Ghani Khan 4213:Khan Roshan Khan 4174:Abdul Hai Habibi 3959:Sahih Al-Bukhari 3898:tribe while the 3817: 3799: 3766:Islamic holidays 3712:Pashtun clothing 3666: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3634: 3626: 3618: 3579: 3544: 3483:Pashto phonology 3448:communist rulers 3281:Gul Agha Sherzai 3273:Asadullah Khalid 3263:and his brother 3171:Malala Yousafzai 3151:Mujeeb Ur Rahman 3052:Finance Minister 3046:. These include 3025:Zalmay Khalilzad 3015:Afghan Astronaut 2878:Zalmay Khalilzad 2801:views including 2761:from his cousin 2743:, following the 2676:, standing with 2613:Barakzai dynasty 2518: 2497: 2484: 2390:Tabaqat-i Nasiri 2380:in the reign of 2324:Aydogdy Kurbanov 2166:Ancient Egyptian 2041:Sogdian language 1996: 1830:Muslim historian 1821: 1784:Abulfazl Beyhaqi 1705: 1679: 1668: 1657: 1606:Christian Lassen 1509: 1480: 1459: 1423: 1393: 1382: 1284:In other regions 1262:Azad Khan Afghan 1209:Durrani Pashtuns 1179:. Following the 925:Pathans of Sindh 911:Pathans in India 800:Dera Ismail Khan 782:and west of the 759:Pathans of Sindh 747:Pashtun diaspora 735: 728: 721: 634:List of Pashtuns 587: 586: 565:Pashtun diaspora 531:. Additionally, 479: 473:romanized: 472: 470: 462: 461: 458: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 291: 287: 285: 284: 271: 267: 265: 264: 251: 247: 245: 244: 231: 227: 225: 224: 211: 207: 205: 204: 191: 187: 185: 184: 171: 167: 165: 164: 149: 145: 143: 142: 129: 125: 123: 122: 109: 105: 103: 102: 87: 81: 74:Total population 66: 52: 48: 21: 15974: 15973: 15969: 15968: 15967: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15884: 15883: 15882: 15877: 15755: 15749: 15702: 15692: 15676: 15652: 15639: 15595:Khushal Khattak 15566: 15500:Pashtun cuisine 15495:Pashtun culture 15481: 15272:Alauddin Khilji 15260: 15251:Durrani dynasty 15222: 15221:-related topics 15216: 15186: 15181: 15103: 15087: 15066: 15055:Ancient peoples 15050: 15014: 14715:'Ajam of Kuwait 14693: 14691:Iranian peoples 14688: 14658: 14653: 14360:Indus Kohistani 14229: 14224: 14194: 14189: 14181: 14179: 14173: 14142: 14014: 14009: 13979: 13970:Wayback Machine 13948:Spain, James W. 13909: 13867: 13813: 13811: 13807: 13796: 13730: 13728:Further reading 13725: 13724: 13714: 13712: 13707: 13706: 13702: 13692: 13690: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13649: 13645: 13634: 13630: 13620: 13618: 13608: 13604: 13597: 13579: 13575: 13565: 13563: 13550: 13549: 13545: 13535: 13533: 13524: 13523: 13519: 13509: 13507: 13503: 13492: 13488: 13487: 13483: 13473: 13471: 13458: 13457: 13453: 13445: 13435:law.harvard.edu 13430: 13426: 13425: 13421: 13411: 13409: 13400: 13399: 13390: 13385: 13381: 13376: 13372: 13363: 13359: 13353:Wayback Machine 13344: 13340: 13324: 13323: 13313: 13312: 13308: 13303:. 26 June 2012. 13295: 13294: 13290: 13280: 13278: 13269: 13268: 13264: 13258: 13240: 13236: 13223: 13222: 13218: 13205: 13204: 13200: 13187: 13186: 13182: 13169: 13168: 13164: 13151: 13150: 13146: 13139: 13125: 13121: 13114: 13100: 13096: 13086: 13084: 13067: 13066: 13062: 13052: 13050: 13041: 13040: 13036: 13026: 13024: 13015: 13014: 13010: 12994: 12993: 12986: 12984: 12975: 12974: 12970: 12959: 12958: 12954: 12947: 12935: 12934: 12930: 12920: 12918: 12913: 12912: 12908: 12891: 12887: 12871: 12870: 12858: 12844: 12840: 12830: 12828: 12820: 12819: 12815: 12805: 12803: 12798: 12797: 12793: 12781: 12765: 12761: 12752:Wayback Machine 12739: 12735: 12725: 12723: 12722:on 15 July 2007 12714: 12713: 12709: 12695: 12693: 12684: 12683: 12679: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12653:Sabrina Toppa, 12652: 12646: 12640: 12634: 12628: 12618: 12616: 12604: 12600: 12581: 12577: 12564: 12563: 12556: 12546: 12544: 12534: 12525: 12511: 12510: 12506: 12491: 12487: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12452: 12448: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12408: 12404: 12389: 12385: 12375: 12373: 12372:on 28 June 2006 12360:The Noble Quran 12354: 12350: 12340: 12338: 12329: 12328: 12324: 12314: 12306:. p. 785. 12296: 12292: 12284: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12237: 12236: 12232: 12222: 12220: 12212: 12211: 12207: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12156: 12152: 12133: 12126: 12119: 12105: 12101: 12091: 12089: 12081: 12080: 12076: 12066: 12064: 12056: 12055: 12051: 12042: 12038: 12031: 12010: 12009: 12005: 11998: 11982: 11978: 11971: 11955: 11951: 11944: 11928: 11924: 11911: 11909: 11894: 11893: 11889: 11882: 11868: 11867: 11863: 11851: 11836: 11830: 11826: 11812: 11810: 11800: 11796: 11783: 11781: 11773: 11772: 11768: 11750: 11746: 11731: 11727: 11709: 11705: 11695: 11693: 11686:British Council 11678: 11674: 11664: 11662: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11636: 11635:on 12 July 2018 11632: 11626: 11615: 11607: 11603: 11590:Wayback Machine 11581: 11577: 11559: 11555: 11545: 11543: 11538: 11537: 11533: 11502: 11498: 11488: 11486: 11482: 11475: 11469: 11465: 11458: 11444: 11440: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11406: 11402: 11392: 11390: 11377: 11376: 11369: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11346: 11340: 11336: 11329: 11313: 11309: 11304:. 19 June 2015. 11296: 11295: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11271: 11270: 11266: 11227: 11223: 11213: 11211: 11198: 11197: 11193: 11183: 11181: 11168: 11167: 11163: 11152: 11136: 11132: 11121: 11105: 11098: 11082: 11081: 11055: 11051: 11019: 11013: 11009: 11002: 10998: 10985: 10981: 10974: 10970: 10917: 10913: 10860: 10856: 10816: 10812: 10764: 10760: 10707: 10703: 10690: 10686: 10630: 10626: 10580: 10576: 10530: 10526: 10479: 10470: 10460: 10458: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10428: 10427: 10423: 10415: 10404: 10400: 10399: 10395: 10385: 10383: 10373: 10369: 10359: 10357: 10347: 10343: 10331: 10330: 10326: 10314: 10313: 10309: 10302: 10288: 10284: 10270: 10268: 10255: 10254: 10250: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10216: 10200: 10196: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10166: 10162: 10149: 10147: 10132: 10125: 10114: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10042: 10038: 10028: 10026: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 10000:on 23 July 2017 9994:Pakistan Herald 9988: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9971: 9956: 9952: 9938: 9936: 9927: 9921: 9917: 9894:10.2307/2645419 9874: 9870: 9865:. 18 June 2018. 9857: 9856: 9852: 9842: 9840: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9790: 9788: 9780: 9779: 9775: 9765: 9751: 9747: 9736: 9732: 9722: 9720: 9703: 9699: 9683: 9682: 9675: 9673: 9672:on 26 July 2013 9658: 9654: 9609: 9605: 9600: 9596: 9581: 9577: 9569: 9565: 9564: 9560: 9533: 9522: 9512: 9510: 9498: 9494: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9464: 9460: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9430: 9426: 9419: 9403: 9399: 9387: 9376: 9370: 9366: 9351: 9347: 9340: 9324: 9320: 9304: 9303: 9296: 9294: 9283: 9279: 9268: 9264: 9249: 9245: 9234: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9210: 9206: 9191: 9184: 9168: 9167: 9131: 9127: 9088: 9084: 9055: 9053: 9035: 9031: 9015: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8995: 8991: 8933: 8929: 8918: 8902: 8898: 8887: 8871: 8867: 8822: 8818: 8806:. p. 105. 8798: 8794: 8783: 8779: 8770: 8766: 8748: 8746: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8722: 8706: 8702: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8674: 8670: 8659: 8655: 8641: 8637: 8625: 8624: 8620: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8570: 8566: 8554: 8553: 8549: 8535: 8531: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8478: 8474: 8458: 8457: 8450: 8448: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8397: 8393: 8380: 8378: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8305: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8241: 8239: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8198: 8194: 8184: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8134: 8123: 8116: 8100: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8068: 8067: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8017: 8003: 7999: 7989: 7973: 7969: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7912: 7891: 7887: 7868: 7864: 7843: 7839: 7831: 7827: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7762: 7758: 7686: 7682: 7669: 7667: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7647: 7627: 7623: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7585: 7581: 7574: 7558: 7551: 7541: 7517: 7513: 7493: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7340: 7338: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7282: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7236: 7232: 7226:Macdonell, A.A. 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7156: 7152: 7139: 7137: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7059: 7057: 7049: 7048: 7044: 7030: 7028: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6942: 6935: 6920: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6886: 6882: 6871: 6855: 6848: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6787:. 27 April 2009 6779: 6778: 6774: 6763: 6759: 6746: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6717: 6713: 6698: 6694: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6564: 6563: 6556: 6554: 6543: 6536: 6529:Hindustan Times 6521: 6517: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6382: 6380: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6314: 6307: 6302:. 30 July 2019. 6294: 6293: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6269: 6268: 6264: 6250: 6248: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6159: 6157: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6089: 6085: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6049: 6045: 6032: 6030: 6023: 6019: 6008: 5990: 5986: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5942: 5941: 5909: 5905: 5891: 5889: 5882: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5848: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5759: 5743: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5717:British Library 5711: 5710: 5706: 5696: 5694: 5668: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5591: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5549: 5533: 5526: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5453: 5437: 5433: 5422: 5406: 5402: 5391: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5349: 5341:. p. 126. 5326: 5322: 5309: 5307: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5282: 5280: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5214: 5210: 5183: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5055: 5051: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4993: 4991: 4978: 4977: 4968: 4952: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4876: 4874: 4862: 4855: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4797: 4796: 4763: 4759: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4698:allowed to vote 4616:campaigned for 4555: 4505:Mohammad Rizwan 4439: 4429: 4367:(percussions), 4323:Baghch-e-Simsim 4291: 4277: 4186:Amir Polad Suri 4139:Pamir languages 4119:language family 4100:Seraj al Akhbar 4081: 4075: 3858:Islamic prophet 3834: 3826:Main articles: 3824: 3784: 3778: 3738:Pashto alphabet 3714: 3708:Pashtun cuisine 3704: 3694: 3692:Pashtun culture 3688: 3680:Pashto alphabet 3659:represented by 3580: 3577: 3558:Eastern Iranian 3545: 3542: 3505:Pashto-speaking 3497: 3479: 3473:Pashto dialects 3469:Pashto alphabet 3465: 3459: 3444:Saur Revolution 3439: 3431:Main articles: 3429: 3377: 3371: 3356:Belonging to a 3336: 3301: 3048:Ghulam Mohammad 3022:U.S. Ambassador 2999:King Zahir Shah 2869:in April 1992. 2848:Afghan diaspora 2815:Shahnawaz Tanai 2803:Hafizullah Amin 2779:Hafizullah Amin 2713:Mohandas Gandhi 2689:Ashfaqulla Khan 2678:Mohandas Gandhi 2654:divided by the 2648:Pashtun regions 2605:Durrani dynasty 2557:Delhi Sultanate 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2498: 2496: 2485: 2482: 2403:Ten Lost Tribes 2399:tribe of Joseph 2362:oral traditions 2358:anthropologists 2354: 2348: 2343: 2263: 2232:Seleucid Empire 2188: 2100: 2029:Eastern Iranian 2003: 1997: 1991: 1952:Iranian plateau 1937:in 500 BCE 1912: 1894: 1888: 1822: 1816: 1776:Mahmud Ghaznavi 1759:Tarikh-i Yamini 1717:, Afghanistan. 1706: 1703: 1680: 1677: 1669: 1666: 1658: 1655: 1641:Sassanid Empire 1610:J. W. McCrindle 1533: 1527: 1510: 1507: 1493:Eastern-Iranian 1481: 1478: 1464:Joseph Marquart 1460: 1457: 1424: 1421: 1398:Heinrich Zimmer 1394: 1391: 1351:A tribe called 1349: 1344: 1336:Afghan diaspora 1296: 1290:Afghan diaspora 1286: 1241:Ghilji Pashtuns 1201: 939: 913: 907: 776: 766: 761: 739: 585: 525:Eastern Iranian 521:Pashto language 433: 429: 398: 394: 363: 359: 336: 321:Northern Pashto 317:Southern Pashto 282: 280: 262: 260: 242: 240: 222: 220: 202: 200: 182: 180: 162: 160: 153: 140: 138: 120: 118: 100: 98: 82: 69: 57: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15972: 15962: 15961: 15956: 15954:Pashtun people 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15919:Iranian nomads 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15858:Tribal revolts 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15823:Tirah campaign 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15773:Malandari Pass 15770: 15765: 15759: 15757: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15706: 15704: 15698: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15691: 15690: 15684: 15682: 15678: 15677: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15658: 15651: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15580:Amir Kror Suri 15576: 15574: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15542:Pashtun tribes 15539: 15537:Pashto singers 15534: 15529: 15524: 15523: 15522: 15515:Pashtunization 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15491: 15489: 15483: 15482: 15480: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15377:Amanullah Khan 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15268: 15266: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15232: 15230: 15224: 15223: 15215: 15214: 15207: 15200: 15192: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15179: 15177:Zoroastrianism 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15113: 15111: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15101: 15095: 15093: 15089: 15088: 15086: 15085: 15080: 15074: 15072: 15068: 15067: 15065: 15064: 15058: 15056: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15015: 15013: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14971: 14970: 14963: 14956: 14944: 14943: 14942: 14939:Pashtun tribes 14930: 14929: 14928: 14921: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14905: 14891: 14888:Chinese Tajiks 14879: 14878: 14877: 14870: 14869: 14868: 14854: 14842: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14834: 14833: 14819: 14812: 14805: 14798: 14797: 14796: 14777: 14776: 14775: 14768: 14765:Kurdish tribes 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14730: 14729: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14701: 14699: 14695: 14694: 14687: 14686: 14679: 14672: 14664: 14655: 14654: 14652: 14651: 14650: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 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13930:Hopkirk, Peter 13927: 13913: 13907: 13894: 13891:online version 13885: 13871: 13865: 13852: 13838: 13820: 13789: 13778: 13763: 13760: 13757:Ahmed, Akbar S 13754: 13743: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13723: 13722: 13700: 13674: 13643: 13628: 13602: 13595: 13573: 13543: 13517: 13506:on 18 May 2011 13481: 13451: 13419: 13388: 13379: 13370: 13357: 13338: 13306: 13288: 13277:. 23 July 2013 13262: 13234: 13216: 13198: 13180: 13162: 13144: 13137: 13119: 13112: 13094: 13060: 13034: 13008: 12968: 12952: 12945: 12928: 12906: 12885: 12856: 12838: 12813: 12791: 12779: 12759: 12733: 12707: 12677: 12659: 12635:Beena Sarwar, 12613:Pakistan Today 12598: 12575: 12570:thebetterindia 12554: 12523: 12504: 12485: 12481:Sikh Pashtuns. 12468: 12446: 12428: 12402: 12383: 12348: 12322: 12312: 12290: 12278: 12256: 12230: 12205: 12175: 12168: 12150: 12124: 12117: 12099: 12074: 12049: 12036: 12029: 12003: 11996: 11976: 11969: 11949: 11942: 11922: 11887: 11880: 11861: 11824: 11794: 11766: 11744: 11725: 11703: 11672: 11661:. 22 July 2014 11646: 11624: 11601: 11575: 11553: 11531: 11518:10.2307/602038 11496: 11463: 11456: 11438: 11424: 11400: 11367: 11334: 11327: 11307: 11289: 11264: 11237:(3): 482–510. 11221: 11204:The New Yorker 11191: 11161: 11150: 11130: 11119: 11096: 11049: 11007: 10996: 10979: 10968: 10911: 10874:(1027): 1027. 10854: 10810: 10758: 10701: 10684: 10645:(10): e76748. 10624: 10595:(1): 124–131. 10574: 10545:(1): 164–172. 10524: 10468: 10443: 10421: 10393: 10367: 10341: 10324: 10307: 10300: 10282: 10267:on 3 July 2003 10248: 10241: 10221: 10214: 10194: 10180: 10160: 10123: 10112: 10091: 10084: 10062: 10036: 10011: 9981: 9950: 9915: 9888:(7): 621–634. 9868: 9850: 9833:Pakpost.gov.pk 9820: 9809:. I Love India 9798: 9773: 9763: 9745: 9730: 9712:; et al. 9697: 9652: 9603: 9594: 9575: 9558: 9520: 9500:Oreck, Alden. 9492: 9479:978-0391041738 9478: 9458: 9444: 9424: 9417: 9397: 9364: 9355:Afghan Studies 9345: 9338: 9318: 9277: 9262: 9243: 9231:Rezakhani 2017 9223: 9204: 9194:ḴALAJ i. TRIBE 9182: 9145:(2): 417–437. 9125: 9082: 9029: 8989: 8943:. p. 28. 8927: 8916: 8896: 8885: 8865: 8836:(1): 121–126. 8816: 8792: 8777: 8764: 8731: 8720: 8700: 8683: 8668: 8653: 8635: 8618: 8601: 8583: 8564: 8547: 8529: 8512: 8498: 8472: 8425: 8411: 8391: 8363: 8333: 8319: 8299: 8285: 8265: 8256: 8238:on 14 May 2013 8216: 8192: 8182: 8162: 8148: 8121: 8114: 8091: 8074:Ch. M. Kieffer 8061: 8031: 8022: 8015: 7997: 7987: 7967: 7948: 7924: 7910: 7885: 7862: 7837: 7825: 7816: 7807: 7795: 7786: 7779: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7734: 7717: 7698: 7680: 7652: 7645: 7621: 7606: 7599: 7579: 7572: 7549: 7539: 7511: 7491: 7471: 7446: 7429: 7422: 7402: 7395: 7375: 7368: 7348: 7323: 7301: 7275: 7250: 7230: 7218: 7193: 7184: 7170: 7150: 7122: 7097: 7090: 7070: 7042: 7013: 6988: 6981: 6963: 6956: 6933: 6911: 6880: 6869: 6846: 6841:Joshua Project 6828: 6798: 6772: 6757: 6752:Joshua Project 6736: 6729: 6711: 6692: 6687:Joshua Project 6674: 6648: 6622: 6596: 6593:. 23 May 2015. 6578: 6534: 6515: 6472: 6450: 6424: 6414: 6394: 6363: 6356: 6336: 6326: 6305: 6287: 6262: 6227: 6202: 6191:on 17 May 2020 6172: 6152:. Dallas, TX: 6134: 6109: 6083: 6069: 6043: 6017: 6006: 6000:. p. 18. 5984: 5956: 5903: 5870: 5860: 5842: 5823: 5813: 5793: 5768: 5757: 5734: 5723:on 2 July 2010 5704: 5657: 5632: 5604: 5585: 5557: 5547: 5524: 5513: 5493: 5482: 5462: 5451: 5431: 5420: 5400: 5389: 5369: 5347: 5320: 5293: 5265: 5258: 5235: 5228: 5208: 5177: 5152: 5135:perepis2002.ru 5122: 5096: 5075: 5049: 5026: 5005: 4966: 4916: 4888: 4853: 4839: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4795: 4794: 4757: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4712:Main article: 4709: 4708:Notable people 4706: 4642:Marilyn Monroe 4618:women's rights 4606:King Amanullah 4554: 4551: 4525:Mohammad Wasim 4521:Iftikhar Ahmed 4517:Shaheen Afridi 4509:Usman Shinwari 4428: 4425: 4276: 4275:Media and arts 4273: 4241:Hamza Shinwari 4205:Pashto Ghazals 4203:who developed 4178:Amir Kror Suri 4159:Vedic Sanskrit 4077:Main article: 4074: 4071: 4006:, India after 3937:of Afghanistan 3935:Kunar Province 3869:Zoroastrianism 3823: 3820: 3780:Main article: 3777: 3774: 3746:Persian Empire 3690:Main article: 3687: 3684: 3575: 3540: 3477:Pashto grammar 3461:Main article: 3458: 3455: 3428: 3425: 3375:Pashtun tribes 3373:Main article: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3354: 3347: 3335: 3332: 3317:Swabi District 3300: 3297: 3238:Mohammad Yunus 3163:Hamza Shinwari 3155:Mohammad Wasim 3139:Shaheen Afridi 2964:Yousef Pashtun 2952:Omar Zakhilwal 2936:Amirzai Sangin 2898:Suhail Shaheen 2741:Amanullah Khan 2665:Leader of the 2573:Durrani Empire 2524: 2521: 2511: 2494: 2480: 2350:Main article: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2316:Durrani Empire 2279:Josef Markwart 2262: 2259: 2187: 2184: 2099: 2098:Diverse origin 2096: 2057:Khotanese Saka 2033:Munji language 2002: 1999: 1989: 1979:confederation. 1964:) between the 1948:Iranian tribes 1930:Pactyan people 1890:Main article: 1887: 1884: 1851:Mutla-ul-Anwar 1814: 1792:Khilji dynasty 1788:Ghurid Kingdom 1743:Tarikh-ul Hind 1711:Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam 1701: 1693:Brihat-samhita 1675: 1664: 1653: 1526: 1523: 1505: 1476: 1455: 1443:Thomas Holdich 1419: 1389: 1377:Vedic Sanskrit 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1304:United Kingdom 1285: 1282: 1250:Durrani Empire 1211:living in the 1200: 1197: 966:colonial India 909:Main article: 906: 903: 868:Mazar-i-Sharif 765: 762: 741: 740: 738: 737: 730: 723: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 656: 655: 649: 648: 647: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 603: 602: 596: 595: 584: 581: 527:branch of the 351: 350: 348:Iranic peoples 343: 342: 338: 337: 332:Predominantly 329: 328: 324: 323: 313:Central Pashto 301: 300: 296: 295: 292: 276: 275: 272: 256: 255: 252: 236: 235: 232: 216: 215: 214:100,000 (2009) 212: 209:United Kingdom 196: 195: 194:538,000 (2021) 192: 176: 175: 174:169,000 (2022) 172: 156: 155: 154:21,677 (2011) 150: 134: 133: 130: 114: 113: 110: 94: 93: 89: 88: 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15971: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15924:Modern nomads 15922: 15920: 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15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15521: 15518: 15517: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15492: 15490: 15488: 15484: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15462:Malalai Kakar 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15442:Mohammed Omar 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15387:Mulla Powinda 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15317:Mirwais Hotak 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15297:Sher Shah Sur 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15263: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15246:Hotak dynasty 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15233: 15231: 15229: 15225: 15220: 15213: 15208: 15206: 15201: 15199: 15194: 15193: 15190: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15112: 15110: 15106: 15100: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15090: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15078:Indo-Iranians 15076: 15075: 15073: 15069: 15063: 15060: 15059: 15057: 15053: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15031:Bukharan Jews 15029: 15027: 15024: 15023: 15021: 15017: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14968: 14964: 14961: 14957: 14954: 14953:Arab-Persians 14950: 14949: 14948: 14945: 14940: 14936: 14935: 14934: 14931: 14926: 14922: 14919: 14915: 14910: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14880: 14875: 14871: 14866: 14862: 14861: 14859: 14855: 14852: 14848: 14847: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14831: 14827: 14826: 14824: 14823:Southern Lurs 14820: 14817: 14813: 14810: 14806: 14803: 14799: 14794: 14790: 14789: 14787: 14783: 14782: 14781: 14778: 14773: 14769: 14766: 14762: 14761: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14727: 14726:Baloch tribes 14723: 14722: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14698:Ethnic groups 14696: 14692: 14685: 14680: 14678: 14673: 14671: 14666: 14665: 14662: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14624: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14582: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14549: 14546: 14545: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14517: 14514: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14486: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14450: 14446: 14445:Urdu speakers 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14235: 14232: 14228: 14221: 14216: 14214: 14209: 14207: 14202: 14201: 14198: 14188: 14176: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14145: 14139: 14136: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14108: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14019:Ethnic groups 14017: 14013: 14006: 14001: 13999: 13994: 13992: 13987: 13986: 13983: 13975: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13953: 13949: 13946: 13943: 13942:1-56836-022-3 13939: 13935: 13931: 13928: 13925: 13924:1-58736-169-8 13921: 13917: 13914: 13910: 13904: 13900: 13895: 13892: 13889: 13886: 13883: 13882:0-19-577634-8 13879: 13875: 13874:Dupree, Louis 13872: 13868: 13862: 13858: 13853: 13850: 13849:969-35-0554-9 13846: 13842: 13839: 13836: 13835:0-19-577221-0 13832: 13828: 13824: 13821: 13806: 13802: 13795: 13790: 13787: 13786:0-8156-2448-4 13783: 13779: 13776: 13775:0-8156-2608-8 13772: 13768: 13764: 13761: 13758: 13755: 13752: 13748: 13744: 13741: 13740:0-86356-438-0 13737: 13733: 13732: 13710: 13704: 13689: 13685: 13678: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13647: 13639: 13632: 13617: 13613: 13606: 13598: 13596:0-292-72756-9 13592: 13588: 13584: 13577: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13547: 13531: 13527: 13521: 13502: 13498: 13491: 13485: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13455: 13444: 13440: 13436: 13429: 13423: 13407: 13403: 13397: 13395: 13393: 13383: 13374: 13367: 13361: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13342: 13334: 13328: 13320: 13316: 13310: 13302: 13298: 13292: 13276: 13272: 13266: 13255: 13251: 13250:The Telegraph 13246: 13238: 13230: 13229:Espn Cricinfo 13226: 13220: 13212: 13208: 13202: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13176: 13172: 13166: 13158: 13157:espn cricinfo 13154: 13148: 13140: 13134: 13130: 13123: 13115: 13109: 13105: 13098: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13048: 13044: 13038: 13022: 13018: 13012: 13004: 12998: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12964: 12963: 12956: 12948: 12942: 12938: 12932: 12916: 12910: 12903: 12902:0-7818-0972-X 12899: 12895: 12889: 12881: 12875: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12853: 12849: 12842: 12827: 12823: 12817: 12801: 12795: 12788: 12787: 12782: 12776: 12772: 12771: 12763: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12746: 12742: 12737: 12721: 12717: 12711: 12704: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12656: 12650: 12644: 12641:Sonia Dhami, 12638: 12632: 12629:Ruchi Kumar, 12626: 12615: 12614: 12609: 12602: 12595: 12590: 12586: 12579: 12571: 12567: 12561: 12559: 12543: 12539: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12520: 12516: 12515: 12508: 12500: 12496: 12489: 12482: 12471: 12465: 12460: 12459: 12450: 12443: 12431: 12425: 12421: 12416: 12415: 12406: 12398: 12394: 12387: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12361: 12352: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12319: 12315: 12313:9780824049461 12309: 12305: 12301: 12294: 12287: 12282: 12266: 12260: 12245:. 1 July 2002 12244: 12240: 12234: 12219: 12215: 12209: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12182: 12180: 12171: 12165: 12161: 12154: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12131: 12129: 12120: 12114: 12110: 12103: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12063: 12062:glottolog.org 12059: 12053: 12046: 12040: 12032: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12007: 11999: 11993: 11989: 11988: 11980: 11972: 11966: 11962: 11961: 11953: 11945: 11939: 11935: 11934: 11926: 11919: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11891: 11883: 11877: 11873: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11821: 11809: 11805: 11798: 11791: 11780: 11776: 11770: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11748: 11740: 11736: 11729: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11707: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11676: 11660: 11656: 11650: 11631: 11627: 11625:969-8023-14-3 11621: 11614: 11613: 11605: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11584: 11579: 11573: 11571: 11570:3-11-018418-4 11567: 11563: 11557: 11541: 11535: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11500: 11481: 11474: 11467: 11459: 11457:9780415939195 11453: 11449: 11442: 11427: 11425:9780226265650 11421: 11417: 11413: 11412: 11404: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11372: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11330: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11311: 11303: 11299: 11293: 11278: 11274: 11268: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11225: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11195: 11179: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11158: 11153: 11147: 11143: 11142: 11134: 11127: 11122: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11103: 11101: 11092: 11086: 11077: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11060: 11053: 11045: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11005: 11000: 10992: 10991: 10983: 10977: 10972: 10964: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10946: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10915: 10907: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10858: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10814: 10806: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10762: 10754: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10705: 10697: 10696: 10688: 10680: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10628: 10620: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10578: 10570: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10528: 10520: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10431: 10425: 10414: 10410: 10403: 10397: 10382: 10378: 10371: 10356: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10321: 10317: 10311: 10303: 10301:81-261-2175-0 10297: 10293: 10286: 10279: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10252: 10244: 10242:81-261-2175-0 10238: 10234: 10233: 10225: 10217: 10215:81-7648-056-8 10211: 10207: 10206: 10198: 10183: 10177: 10173: 10172: 10164: 10157: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10128: 10120: 10115: 10109: 10105: 10098: 10096: 10087: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10066: 10051: 10047: 10040: 10025: 10021: 10015: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9970:on 3 May 2020 9969: 9965: 9961: 9954: 9947: 9935: 9934: 9926: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9872: 9864: 9863:UN university 9860: 9854: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9808: 9802: 9787: 9783: 9777: 9770: 9766: 9764:9789352061730 9760: 9756: 9749: 9741: 9734: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9693: 9687: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9614: 9607: 9598: 9590: 9586: 9579: 9568: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9496: 9481: 9475: 9471: 9470: 9462: 9447: 9445:90-04-08265-4 9441: 9437: 9436: 9428: 9420: 9414: 9410: 9409: 9401: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9375: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9349: 9341: 9339:9781610697781 9335: 9331: 9330: 9322: 9314: 9308: 9292: 9288: 9285:Minorsky, V. 9281: 9273: 9266: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9238: 9233:, p. 135 9232: 9227: 9219: 9213: 9208: 9202: 9200: 9195: 9189: 9187: 9178: 9172: 9165: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9133:Minorsky, V. 9129: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9098:(5): 484–90. 9097: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9070:gave them to 9069: 9065: 9051: 9047: 9045: 9040: 9033: 9025: 9019: 9012: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8909: 8908: 8900: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8878: 8877: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8796: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8768: 8761: 8758: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8713: 8712: 8704: 8697: 8693: 8687: 8679: 8672: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8544: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8501: 8499:0-7787-9335-4 8495: 8491: 8486: 8485: 8476: 8468: 8462: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8437: 8429: 8414: 8412:81-7890-056-4 8408: 8404: 8403: 8395: 8388: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8322: 8320:0-415-34473-5 8316: 8312: 8311: 8303: 8288: 8286:90-04-09796-1 8282: 8278: 8277: 8269: 8260: 8253: 8251: 8237: 8233: 8231: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8205:81-85297-70-3 8202: 8196: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8151: 8149:0-631-19841-5 8145: 8141: 8140: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8111: 8107: 8106: 8098: 8096: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8065: 8050:on 7 May 2020 8049: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8026: 8018: 8016:1-874780-92-7 8012: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7971: 7964: 7963: 7951: 7949:3-88939-628-3 7945: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7903: 7901: 7895: 7889: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7849: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7820: 7811: 7804: 7799: 7790: 7782: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7770:Ancient India 7766: 7760: 7751: 7747: 7745: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7723: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7705: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7684: 7677: 7666: 7662: 7656: 7648: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7625: 7618:. p. 39. 7617: 7610: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7583: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7556: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7515: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7494: 7492:9788172110284 7488: 7484: 7483: 7475: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7433: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7406: 7398: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7379: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7352: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7311: 7305: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7239:Median Empire 7234: 7227: 7222: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7188: 7173: 7171:1-84277-117-5 7167: 7163: 7162: 7154: 7147: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7074: 7067: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7039: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6984: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6940: 6938: 6930: 6925: 6918: 6916: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6861: 6853: 6851: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6768: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6574: 6568: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6539: 6530: 6526: 6519: 6511: 6505: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6460: 6454: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6398: 6391: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6357:9781009242523 6353: 6349: 6348: 6347:Under the Gun 6340: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6310: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6236:"Afghanistan" 6231: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6169: 6168: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6138: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6098: 6094: 6087: 6072: 6070:0-8239-3863-8 6066: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6047: 6040: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6009: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5979: 5978:lingua franca 5973: 5969: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5797: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5741: 5739: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5531: 5529: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5497: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5404: 5397: 5392: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5373: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5348:90-04-07120-2 5344: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5317: 5305: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5278: 5277: 5269: 5261: 5259:9781598846607 5255: 5251: 5250: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5085: 5079: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5015: 5009: 5002: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4885: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4848:"Afghanistan" 4843: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4790: 4781: 4776: 4767: 4761: 4753: 4742: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4633:Vida Samadzai 4629: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4485:Misbah-ul-Haq 4482: 4478: 4477:Shahid Afridi 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4446:Shahid Afridi 4443: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4411:known as the 4410: 4406: 4405:Waziro Atanrh 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4341:have created 4340: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4289:Pashto cinema 4286: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4245:Hanif Baktash 4242: 4238: 4234: 4233:Ajmal Khattak 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4112:native tongue 4109: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4067:Nankana Sahib 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846:Kandahar City 3843: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756:and regional 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3726: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3662: 3646: 3645:Karlāṇ tribes 3639:etc.) having 3638: 3631:etc.) having 3630: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3550: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3523:mother tongue 3520: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3454: 3451: 3450:were Ghilji. 3449: 3445: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3376: 3363: 3359: 3358:Pashtun tribe 3355: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3242:Indira Gandhi 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222:Sara Ali Khan 3219: 3218:Soha Ali Khan 3215: 3214:Saif Ali Khan 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194:Shahrukh Khan 3191: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3177:recipient in 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3147:Misbah Ul Haq 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123:Jahangir Khan 3120: 3116: 3115:Shahid Afridi 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2972:Mullah Yaqoob 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960:Zalmay Rasoul 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765:in 1973 on a 2764: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725:Yusuf Khattak 2722: 2721:Muslim League 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697:Ajmal Khattak 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646:(1880–1901), 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593:Indian Punjab 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2569:Hotak dynasty 2566: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2541:Sher Ali Khan 2539: 2535: 2530: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2493: 2489: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2329:According to 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306:According to 2304: 2302: 2298: 2297:Sims-Williams 2293: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271:Khalaj people 2268: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2236:Maurya Empire 2233: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2180:Ismail Samani 2177: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2068:Saka language 2065: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2043:, as well as 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1819: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1752:Al-Utbi, the 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689:Varāha Mihira 1686: 1674: 1663: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1522: 1520: 1517:and Strabo's 1516: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:United States 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1270:Afsharid rule 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:Hussain Hotak 1234: 1233:Hussain Hotak 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1194: 1193:local society 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:central India 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:Uttar Pradesh 1043: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010:British India 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 912: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 775: 771: 760: 756: 752: 748: 736: 731: 729: 724: 722: 717: 716: 714: 713: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 662:Khalji Bengal 660: 659: 658: 657: 654: 651: 650: 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Likewise, 881:The city of 880: 777: 667:Khalji Delhi 599: 538: 518: 485: 481: 355: 354: 84: 46:Ethnic group 43: 15808:Ambela Pass 15754:Battles and 15725:Durand Line 15630:Kabir Stori 15590:Rahman Baba 15505:Pashtunwali 15457:Arfa Siddiq 15277:Bahlul Lodi 15265:Key figures 15147:Manichaeism 15142:Khurramites 15026:Armeno-Tats 14555:Salvi Mewar 14526:Spin Tareen 14435:Rajasthanis 13823:Caroe, Olaf 13667:22 December 13281:1 September 12962:Afghanistan 12831:18 February 12726:14 December 12594:embroidery. 12341:14 December 12223:14 December 11431:14 December 11393:14 December 10931:(1): 1027. 10721:(1): 1027. 10461:14 December 10456:Macleans.ca 10360:27 February 10055:28 February 9843:14 December 9676:9 September 8937:The Pathans 8356:10 February 8242:31 December 8139:The Afghans 8054:18 November 7316:21 February 7237:Map of the 6300:World atlas 6280:24 February 6215:www.cia.gov 5923:(1): 1–17. 5650:22 November 5339:E. J. Brill 5145:23 February 5089:17 November 5019:17 November 4994:28 November 4942:31 December 4884:citizenship 4682:Nigar Johar 4678:Afghan Army 4658:Zarine Khan 4587:Afghan Girl 4582:Islamic law 4533:Fawad Ahmed 4513:Naseem Shah 4497:Junaid Khan 4489:Younis Khan 4306:Shamshad TV 4261:Rahman Baba 4020:Baluchistan 3967:irreligious 3955:Noble Quran 3884:Sunni Islam 3531:Afghanistan 3509:Afghanistan 3351:Pashtunwali 3334:Definitions 3261:Abdul Qadir 3226:Zarine Khan 3198:Salman Khan 3167:Kabir Stori 3143:Naseem Shah 3135:Rashid Khan 3131:Hashim Khan 3111:Younis Khan 3095:Sirajul Haq 3011:Rahman Baba 2993:The Afghan 2799:Nationalist 2717:non-violent 2667:non-violent 2656:Durand Line 2652:politically 2617:Mohamedzais 2538:Afghan Amir 2503:R1a1a*-M198 2458:who wrote: 2411:Ibn Battuta 2394:Ghor region 2301:V. Minorsky 2283:Hephthalite 2092:Old Avestan 2045:Khwarezmian 2016:warrior in 1933:during the 1818:Ibn Battuta 1798:Ibn Battuta 1780:Tocharistan 1747:Indus River 1600:words for " 1537:Middle Ages 1489:Geographica 1161:assimilated 1074:Afghanistan 1062:West Bengal 1058:Maharashtra 1006:Afghanistan 974:Farrukhabad 962:British Raj 812:Lashkar Gah 784:Indus River 506:Afghanistan 127:Afghanistan 15888:Categories 15701:Topics and 15635:Ghani Khan 15620:Hamza Baba 15600:Nazo Tokhi 15585:Pir Roshan 15547:Loya jirga 15427:Daoud Khan 15422:Zahir Shah 15392:Bacha Khan 15382:Nadir Shah 15357:Saidu Baba 14802:Feyli Lurs 14786:Bakhtiaris 14734:Bashkardis 14543:Rajasthani 14452:Nuristanis 14355:Hindkowans 14164:Pakistanis 14076:Nuristanis 13715:10 October 13693:10 October 13621:10 October 13566:10 October 13536:10 October 13510:2 December 13474:10 October 13412:10 October 13319:Khyber.org 13211:Sky Sports 13087:15 January 13077:AVT Khyber 13053:18 January 12987:18 January 12981:Khyber.org 12921:18 January 12806:18 January 12802:. Omniglot 12547:9 February 12376:18 January 12271:10 October 12087:Ethnologue 12011:"Pashto". 11912:10 October 11684:(Report). 11546:7 December 11360:10 October 11214:18 January 11184:18 January 10779:(1): 788. 10436:29 January 10386:10 October 9664:. London: 9513:10 January 9485:6 November 9297:10 January 9291:Khyber.ORG 8785:Barmazid. 8381:8 November 7670:3 November 7501: [ 7464:7 November 7341:3 November 7268:2 November 7241:, showing 7211:2 November 6821:18 January 6551:Khyber.org 6494:30 January 6488:Khyber.org 6465:7 November 6443:18 January 6220:19 January 6154:Ethnologue 6076:17 October 5697:10 January 5625:24 October 5170:2 February 4877:2 November 4817:References 4809:Ethnologue 4704:by males. 4596:magazine. 4529:Yasir Shah 4481:Majid Khan 4473:Imran Khan 4469:cricketers 4328:BBC Pashto 4302:AVT Khyber 4253:Nazo Tokhi 4170:Pir Roshan 4141:, such as 3904:Parachinar 3789:lóya jirgá 3706:See also: 3676:Pir Roshan 3651:and South 3467:See also: 3321:Yousafzais 3210:Kader Khan 3202:Feroz Khan 3190:Aamir Khan 3159:Ghani Khan 3103:Imran Khan 2908:Imran Khan 2884:officials 2809:, General 2763:Zahir Shah 2756:Daoud Khan 2701:Bacha Khan 2674:Bacha Khan 2628:Great Game 2621:Zahir Shah 2585:Nader Shah 2527:See also: 2523:Modern era 2426:Israelites 2064:Badakhshan 2022:Uzbekistan 1836:, stated: 1768:Sabuktigin 1580:cavalrymen 1572:Hindu Kush 1429:Achaemenid 1274:Azerbaijan 1266:Azerbaijan 1225:Nader Shah 1122:Akbar Khan 1044:region of 1042:Rohilkhand 1018:Kabuliwala 990:Rohilkhand 986:Saharanpur 836:Abbottabad 768:See also: 677:Lodi Delhi 569:Rohilkhand 229:Tajikistan 85:63 million 15798:Herat War 15756:conflicts 15477:Ali Wazir 15417:Wali Khan 15402:Umra Khan 15292:Gaju Khan 15228:Dynasties 15167:Yarsanism 15157:Mazdaznan 15152:Mazdakism 15127:Assianism 15092:Languages 15005:Yaghnobis 14960:Basseries 14909:Oroshoris 14845:Ossetians 14830:Mamasanis 14816:Hasanvand 14570:Shumashti 14425:Gujaratis 14375:Kashmiris 14154:Armenians 14121:Qizilbash 13932:. 1984. 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