Canada - Knowledge

57: 2614: 2514: 3751: 1613: 2068: 4922: 2878: 22152: 5595: 2786: 43: 3097: 5802: 5218: 6119:. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude or generational distance from ancestral lineage." 1231: 3008: 1849: 4601: 5480: 4783: 3932: 1505: 21692: 5997: 1710: 2472:. In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). 2804: 3365: 147: 5097: 3453: 2768: 1861: 1317: 21995: 4475: 3204: 642: 6011: 5004: 491: 468: 21704: 2445: 5693: 3609: 2271: 667: 619: 593: 560: 538: 105: 4906:. Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national healthcare insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country". Around 30 percent of Canadians' healthcare is paid for through the private sector. This mostly pays for services not covered or partially covered by Medicare, such as 107: 13684: 108: 15744: 3974:

About 80 percent of the population lives within 150 kilometres (93 mi) of the border with the contiguous United States. Canada is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of the population living in urban centres. The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the

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Art in Canada is marked by thousands of years of habitation by its Indigenous peoples, and, in later times, artists have combined British, French, Indigenous, and American artistic traditions, at times embracing European styles while working to promote nationalism. The nature of Canadian art reflects

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ranked Canada second-to-last. Identified weaknesses were comparatively higher infant mortality rate, the prevalence of chronic conditions, long wait times, poor availability of after-hours care, and a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage. An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a

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found that 88 percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". Eighty percent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity,

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is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a provincial responsibility, conducted by provincial and municipal police forces. In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal

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Non-news media content in Canada, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting

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According to a 2022 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world; the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree.

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Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures and laws are enacted

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dominating the land. The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands. The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. During this time, Canada introduced the

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Canada's experience with human rights. Canada's experience can be divided into three phases: 1) Judicially implied rights; 2) Legislatively protected rights; and 3) Constitutionally protected human rights. Before human rights legislation and the Charter, courts in Canada relied on the theory of an

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channels. Government support programs, such as the Canada Music Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Canadian music. As a result of its cultural importance, as well as government initiatives and regulations, the Canadian music

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has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province, has a French-speaking Acadian minority constituting 33 percent of the population. There are also clusters of Acadians in southwestern Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island, and in central

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Canada's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi), is among the lowest in the world. Canada spans latitudinally from the 83rd parallel north to the 41st parallel north and approximately 95 percent of the population is found south of the 55th parallel north.

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economy. In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $ 2.016 trillion. Canada's exports totalled over $ 637 billion, while its imported goods were worth over $ 631 billion, of which approximately $ 391 billion originated from the United States. In 2018, Canada had a

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The Economic Impact of the 2010 Vancouver, Canada, Winter Olympics on Oregon and the Pacific Northwest: hearing before the Subcommittee on Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first

2487:. Canada's annual average temperature over land has risen by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 °C (2.0 to 4.1 °F) in various regions, since 1948. The rate of warming has been higher across the North and in the Prairies. In the southern regions of Canada, 5410:

Canadian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively. The earliest Canadian narratives were of travel and exploration. This progressed into three major themes of historical Canadian

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during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image. Peacekeeping is deeply embedded in Canadian culture and a distinguishing feature that Canadians feel sets their foreign policy apart from the United States. Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military

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The majority of Canadians (81.1 percent) live in family households, 12.1 percent report living alone, and 6.8 percent live with other relatives or unrelated persons. Fifty-one percent of households are couples with or without children, 8.7 percent are single-parent

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Themes of nature, pioneers, trappers, and traders played an important part in the early development of Canadian symbolism. Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles, and the Canadianization of traditional European and Indigenous symbols. The use of the

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included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and have only been discovered through archeological investigations.

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and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign, have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces, and differ structurally from their provincial counterparts.

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there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the

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million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous

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and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. Various treaties and case laws were established to mediate relations between Europeans and many Indigenous peoples. The role of Aboriginal law and the rights they support were reaffirmed by

1561:. More importantly, the Quebec Act afforded Quebec special autonomy and rights of self-administration at a time when the Thirteen Colonies were increasingly agitating against British rule. It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and 17324: 11822: 10776: 9602: 3403:. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel—increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged"—with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 106: 4707:. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. Citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French and official- 15293: 14367: 16752: 1257:, to which they had no natural immunity, conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. 2306:

in the west, the country encompasses 9,984,670 km (3,855,100 sq mi) of territory. Canada also has vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). In addition to sharing

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Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in

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Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4 percent. In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. The 2021 census indicated that

15278: 13427: 13208: 12840: 6292: 11003:"implied bill of rights" to protect traditional civil liberties such as freedom of speech and association. The theoretical foundation for these rights was the importance of free political speech and discussion in a democracy. 1905:

brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. In 1919, Canada joined the

17244:"The Daily — Canada leads the G7 for the most educated workforce, thanks to immigrants, young adults and a strong college sector, but is experiencing significant losses in apprenticeship certificate holders in key trades" 10762: 5509:

declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich, and strengthen the cultural, political, social, and economic fabric of Canada". Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in

9152: 4471:(0.3 percent), and other (6 percent). Over 60 percent of Canadians reported a single origin, and 36 percent reported having multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100 percent. 14047: 12390: 11532: 10291: 3860:

operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research and developing rockets and satellites. Canada was the third country to design and construct a satellite when in 1962

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Canada: an Encyclopaedia of the Country: The Canadian Dominion Considered in Its Historic Relations, Its Natural Resources, its Material Progress and its National Development, by a Corps of Eminent Writers and

18645: 130: 10228: 13662: 11190:...most Canadian governments, especially in the federal sphere, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy... 10493: 1755:

in 1866) joined the confederation in 1871 on the promise of a transcontinental railway extending to Victoria in the province within 10 years, while Prince Edward Island joined in 1873. In 1898, during the

24436: 11818: 9594: 2398:(in the southeast) where the lowlands host much of Canada's economic output. Canada has over 2,000,000 lakes—563 of which are larger than 100 km (39 sq mi)—containing much of the world's 5522:—is often overshadowed by imports from the United States. As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the 3434:. Since the 21st century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts has greatly declined. The large decrease was a result of Canada directing its participation to UN-sanctioned military 2854:. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a 13172: 4811:

Rates of religious adherence have steadily decreased since the 1970s. With Christianity in decline after having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life, Canada has become a

1589:, the settlers who had fought against American independence. Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada, where their arrival changed the demographic distribution of the existing territories. 9842: 14363: 1642:. Peace came in 1815; no boundaries were changed. Immigration resumed at a higher level, with over 960,000 arrivals from Britain between 1815 and 1850. New arrivals included refugees escaping the 24401: 3732: 11712: 10374: 10012: 8436: 3438:, rather than directly through the UN. The change to participation via NATO has resulted in a shift towards more militarized and deadly missions rather than traditional peacekeeping duties. 19886: 8574: 1673:

merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America east of Lake Superior by 1855. The signing of the

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as of 2016. Canada is a well-performing OECD country in reading literacy, mathematics, and science, with the average student scoring 523.7, compared with the OECD average of 493 in 2015.

5039:. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. Established in 1663, 13190: 11493: 11429: 4918:. Approximately 65 to 75 percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance; many receive it through their employers or access secondary social service programs. 21764: 13420: 1203: 128: 17050: 13204: 12832: 10632: 10262: 5638:. The latter were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. Though referred to as having seven members, five artists— 3950:

of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40,000,000 in 2023. The main drivers of population growth are

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toward an older population, with more retirees and fewer people of working age. In 2021, the average age in Canada was 41.9 years. Life expectancy is 81.1 years. A 2016 report by the

15690: 11398: 2862:(PMO) is one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown the governor general, 5856: 5415:. In recent decades, Canada's literature has been strongly influenced by immigrants from around the world. By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. 4658:

of approximately 54 percent and 19 percent of Canadians, respectively. As of the 2021 census, just over 7.8 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their

20510: 5199:, and Indigenous cultures and traditions. During the 20th century, Canadians with African, Caribbean, and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture. 3265:

have a long and complex relationship; they are close allies, co-operating regularly on military campaigns and humanitarian efforts. Canada also maintains historic and traditional

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to the dispossession of Indigenous lands through treaties. From the late 18th century, European Canadians forced Indigenous peoples to assimilate into a western Canadian society.

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Canada by province and territory, showing the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 who had a bachelor's degree or higher, and the percentage point change from 2016 to 2021

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is composed of approximately 8,400 full-time sailors and 5,100 part-time sailors. The Army is composed of approximately 22,800 full-time soldiers, 18,700 reservists, and 5,000

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Bourhis, Richard Y; Montaruli, Elisa; Amiot, Catherine E (May 2007). "Language planning and French-English bilingual communication: Montreal field studies from 1977 to 1997".

15660:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] Total – Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households – 25% sample data" 10758: 4067: 4052: 4047: 4032: 4009: 810: 14033: 12810: 9405: 1372:

where, on July 24, he planted a 10-metre (33 ft) cross bearing the words, "long live the King of France", and took possession of the territory New France in the name of

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Fettes, Mark; Norton, Ruth (2001). "Voices of Winter: Aboriginal Languages and Public Policy in Canada". In Castellano, Marlene Brant; Davis, Lynne; Lahache, Louise (eds.).

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is often cited as one of Canada's significant accomplishments and a key distinguishing element of Canadian identity. In Quebec, cultural identity is strong and there is a

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Canada's party system has long been described as a "brokerage system" in which the leading parties (Liberal and Conservative) follow strategies that appeal across major

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Two historically dominant political parties have avoided ideological appeals in favour of a flexible centrist style of politics that is often labelled brokerage politics

5531: 9824: 6222: 21639: 21376: 17269: 7280: 6380: 6029: 1253:. As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent. The decline is attributed to several causes, including the 18099: 14438: 13652: 11965: 11935: 9453:

The Politics of Language: Conflict, Identity, and Cultural Pluralism in Comparative Perspective: Conflict, Identity, and Cultural Pluralism in Comparative Perspective

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is the world's largest freshwater protected area, spanning roughly 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi). Canada's largest national wildlife region is the

21517: 15759: 11747: 10719: 6830: 4695: 3778: 2997: 2684:). The historically predominant Liberals position themselves at the centre of the political scale. Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 1873:

Because Britain still maintained control of Canada's foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought

1264:' early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful. First Nations and Métis peoples played a critical part in the development of 8512: 5564:

networks in both English and French. In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as

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established French as the only official language of the province. Although more than 82 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial

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In total, 165 Canadians died during the war in Afghanistan (158 soldiers, 7 civilians). More than 2,000 members of the CAF were wounded or injured during the war.

24252: 20704: 2548:. About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". Over half of Canada's landscape is intact and relatively free of human development. The 1585:

territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of

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Romney, Paul (Spring 1989). "From Constitutionalism to Legalism: Trial by Jury, Responsible Government, and the Rule of Law in the Canadian Political Culture".

3589:, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. The Canadian economy is dominated by the 20528: 3325: 16645: 9195: 9176: 2163:

In addition to the issues of Quebec sovereignty, a number of crises shook Canadian society in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These included the explosion of

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The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their sovereignty from the Crown and power and authority from the

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per student). As of 2022, 89 percent of adults aged 25 to 64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree, compared to an OECD average of 75 percent.

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previous record of 22.3 percent. In 2021, India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada.

15825: 8489: 5627:, the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. 24416: 17986: 16517:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 16463:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 15879: 13702: 12635: 9952: 9098: 5027:. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and a province's curriculum is overseen by its government. Education in Canada is generally divided into 4002: 3605:

are the most prominent components. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber.

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at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million, with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's

19876: 15520: 13251: 11863: 11716: 11257:"Unpacking the Role of Neoliberalism on the Politics of Poverty Reduction Policies in Ontario, Canada: A Descriptive Case Study and Critical Analysis" 10366: 7890:

Hicks, Bruce M (March 2010). "Use of Non-Traditional Evidence: A Case Study Using Heraldry to Examine Competing Theories for Canada's Confederation".

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vary from region to region. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a

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are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.

15677:"The Daily — Indigenous population continues to grow and is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, although the pace of growth has slowed" 10418: 10004: 7868: 21371: 15851: 13247: 10701: 8448: 8286: 7199:

Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume I

4691: 3967: 802: 472: 11886: 10646: 10198: 3185:, are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively and any changes to that arrangement require a 8570: 5754: 3635: 3301: 2588: 1301: 1017: 19015: 15535:"Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 15028: 14997:

Field Robotics: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines

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of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, education and gender equality. It is one of the world's most

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is the second-largest financial centre in North America, the seventh-largest globally in employment and the heart of Canada's finance industry.

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solutions. Canada is known for its commitment to international peace and security, as well as being a mediator in conflicts, and for providing

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on Earth, with approximately 3,000,000 km (1,200,000 sq mi) undisturbed by roads, cities or industry. Since the end of the last

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Zhang, X.; Flato, G.; Kirchmeier-Young, M.; Vincent, L.; Wan, H.; Wang, X.; Rong, R.; Fyfe, J.; Li, G. (2019). Bush, E.; Lemmen, D.S. (eds.).

6270: 5906:(27 percent). The popularity of specific sports varies; in general, the Canadian-born population was more likely to have participated in 1810: 19666: 17471: 17357: 17054: 13972: 13336:. Collection internationale d'Études canadiennes | International Canadian Studies Series. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 231–250. 10628: 10255: 9798: 7403: 7348: 3995: 3744: 3647: 2496: 2235: 1874: 1289: 977: 623: 19013:

as, for instance, in the following example of a show funded by the Government of Canada at the Peel Art Gallery Museum + Archives, Brampton:

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these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada.

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prior to 1982), affirmed governance based on parliamentary precedent and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments. The

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was in turn split from Nova Scotia as part of a reorganization of Loyalist settlements in the Maritimes, which led to the incorporation of

678: 19186: 13154: 11845: 8168: 2575:. Approximately 13.8 percent of its territorial waters are conserved, including 8.9 percent designated as protected areas. Canada's first 1950:

The first Canadian Army units arrived in Britain in December 1939. In all, over a million Canadians served in the armed forces during the

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and encourage European immigration, the Government of Canada sponsored the construction of three transcontinental railways (including the

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who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations people married European settlers and subsequently developed their own identity.

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Munroe, HD (2009). "The October Crisis Revisited: Counterterrorism as Strategic Choice, Political Result, and Organizational Practice".

3162:, as well as administration of justice (but not criminal law). Although the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, 2520:. Ecozones are identified with a unique colour. Ecoprovinces are subdivisions of ecozones and are identified with a unique numeric code. 22192: 14168: 13947:

Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (April 29, 2024).

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billion, or 12.7 percent of Canada's GDP for that year. In 2022, Canada's per-capita spending on health expenditures ranked 12th among

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Strathdee, C.A.; Gavish, H.; Shannon, W.; Buchwald, M. (1992). "Cloning of cDNAs for Fanconi's anemia by functional complementation".

14850: 13817: 11230: 9134: 5787:" also served as an unofficial national anthem for much of the 20th century and was adopted as the country's official anthem in 1980. 20754: 20724: 20659: 20488: 19239: 17412: 17000: 13222: 13092:

Canada Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook Volume 1 Intelligence Service Organizations, Regulations, Activities

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Ambrosea, Emma; Muddea, Cas (2015). "Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right – Nationalism and Ethnic Politics".

16024: 15786:"The Daily — Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians" 9397: 3380: 2613: 1484:

erupted in colonial North America between 1689 and 1763; the later wars of the period constituted the North American theatre of the

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Schneider, Eric C.; Shah, Arnav; Doty, Michelle M.; Tikkanen, Roosa; Fields, Katharine; Williams, Reginald D. II (August 4, 2021).

14025: 12802: 7305:"Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada" 5306: 5067:

Canada spends an average of 5.3 percent of its GDP on education. The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than

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and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, driven mainly by

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refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together). Provinces and territories have responsibility for social programs such as

1348:. In approximately 1000 AD, the Norse built a small short-lived encampment that was occupied sporadically for perhaps 20 years at 23515: 20600: 18620: 14648: 14182: 13763: 13116: 9728: 9070: 6085:

to satisfy the short-term preferences of a majority of electors who are not located on the ideological fringe." "The traditional

5957:—particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation"—and has hosted high-profile international sporting events such as the 3407:. In 2022, Canada's military expenditure totalled approximately $ 26.9 billion, or around 1.2 percent of the country's 2483:. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of 2179:

of 1990, the first of a number of violent confrontations between provincial governments and Indigenous groups. Canada joined the

2090: 2073: 2064:; though, provincial governments, particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions. 1297: 18199: 18008: 14231: 13733: 11346: 9977: 24391: 22787: 17299: 14950: 13738: 11939: 10467: 9223: 8827: 5556:, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating 3689:, cobalt, and cadmium. Canada has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and 2184: 2032:

Canada's post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a new

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Thornton, Russell (2000). "Population history of Native North Americans". In Haines, Michael R; Steckel, Richard Hall (eds.).

23567: 23122: 20466: 20445: 20424: 20398: 20390: 20370: 20349: 20321: 20300: 20272: 20253: 20232: 20211: 20183: 20162: 20134: 20098: 20062: 20024: 20003: 19982: 19949: 19843: 19816: 19788: 19761: 19734: 19590: 19565: 19538: 19400: 19373: 19346: 19313: 19286: 19223: 19170: 19117: 19092: 19067: 19040: 18998: 18944: 18894: 18867: 18840: 18815: 18788: 18761: 18734: 18701: 18674: 18603: 18576: 18533: 18506: 18479: 18452: 18426: 18399: 18372: 18341: 18311: 18286: 18257: 18230: 18183: 18078: 18051: 17934: 17909: 17783: 17756: 17729: 17702: 17675: 17648: 17592: 17561: 17530: 17227: 17178: 17151: 17124: 17093: 16784: 16714: 16687: 16629: 16602: 16559: 16446: 16419: 16392: 16365: 16338: 16311: 16284: 16257: 16230: 16160: 16133: 16088: 16055: 16004: 15975: 15948: 15917: 15643: 15616: 15589: 15446: 15393: 15358: 15329: 15247: 15220: 15189: 15158: 15053: 15008: 14975: 14815: 14703: 14415: 14347: 14322: 14295: 14214: 14162: 13966: 13899: 13850: 13789: 13604: 13577: 13550: 13523: 13496: 13341: 13314: 13287: 13099: 13075: 13048: 12995: 12912: 12786: 12752: 12725: 12698: 12671: 12608: 12581: 12526: 12484: 12453: 12426: 12367: 12300: 12273: 12220: 12195: 12168: 12129: 12077: 12052: 12025: 11998: 11919: 11776: 11677: 11639: 11587: 11545: 11454: 11326: 11299: 11213: 11183: 11149: 11119: 11053: 11026: 10997: 10977: 10950: 10923: 10896: 10869: 10842: 10815: 10681: 10609: 10582: 10554: 10319: 10182: 10153: 10104: 10037: 9932: 9898: 9867: 9820: 9773: 9666: 9577: 9461: 9434: 9323: 9261: 9029: 9004: 8977: 8950: 8925: 8893: 8839: 8802: 8753: 8715: 8688: 8661: 8634: 8607: 8553: 8387: 8362: 8333: 8261: 8193: 8143: 8116: 8067: 8040: 8010: 7979: 7952: 7813: 7786: 7757: 7730: 7703: 7665: 7638: 7607: 7580: 7555: 7528: 7495: 7468: 7436: 7261: 7234: 7207: 7177: 7150: 7142:

Plants, People, and Places: The Roles of Ethnobotany and Ethnoecology in Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights in Canada and Beyond

7123: 7096: 7069: 7038: 7007: 6980: 6953: 6926: 6897: 6868: 6806: 6772: 6747: 6720: 6695: 6668: 6641: 6616: 6578: 6551: 6524: 6481: 6452: 6416: 6218: 4937: 3728: 3337: 3294: 2859: 1305: 23532: 20041: 14073: 13347: 10343: 7287: 6369: 6106:. The Royal Canadian Air Force is composed of approximately 13,000 Regular Force personnel and 2,400 Air Reserve personnel." 5898:

was the most commonly reported sport by over one-third (35 percent) of Canadians in 2023. This was closely followed by

2904:, this was later, with the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1982, all but completely superseded by the American notion of 22752: 20679: 18095: 15025:"The Canadian Aerospace Industry praises the federal government for recognizing Space as a strategic capability for Canada" 14511: 14431: 14002: 11961: 6376: 5078:

age ranges between 5–7 to 16–18 years, contributing to an adult literacy rate of 99 percent. Just over 60,000 children are

4578:

million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0 percent) of the population, reported themselves as being or having been a

3658: 1924: 1866:

The same poster in English, with subtle differences in text. "They serve France—How can I serve Canada? Buy Victory Bonds".

832: 17983:"A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 2006–2009" 15763: 13874: 11739: 10715: 9477: 6822: 1923:

during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. In response to the downturn, the

1768:

became provinces in 1905. Between 1871 and 1896, almost one quarter of the Canadian population emigrated south to the US.

1389: 24396: 24020: 21741: 21153: 20783: 19904: 15409: 10057: 7892: 5623:, by giving grants to art galleries, as well as establishing and funding art schools across the country, and through the 5020: 3639: 3266: 3101: 3096: 3085: 1428: 836: 754: 14819: 14489: 8520: 5113:" are constitutionally protected. Since the 1960s, Canada has emphasized equality and inclusiveness for all its people. 2681: 1940: 24025: 21323: 20734: 18444:

Crabtracks: Progress and Process in Teaching the New Literatures in English. Essays in Honour of Dieter Riemenschneider

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still must be called by the governor general and can be triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost

2744: 2491:

and the United States—caused by metal smelting, burning coal to power utilities, and vehicle emissions—has resulted in

2239: 2114: 1538: 1392:

due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia.

981: 954: 942: 604: 16108: 14459: 8855:

Mulvale, James P (July 11, 2008). "Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility".

4932:

In common with many other developed countries, Canada is experiencing an increase in healthcare expenditures due to a

3189:, while changes to the roles and powers of the territories may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada. 23290: 22575: 21978: 21092: 20749: 20674: 20669: 20654: 18154: 16176: 14382: 13635: 11504: 9794: 9625: 5523: 5484: 4820: 4383: 3329: 2826:

and authority in Canada. However, while the governor general or monarch may exercise their power without ministerial

2646: 2359: 1998: 1694: 17494: 10079: 9277:

Légaré, André (2008). "Canada's Experiment with Aboriginal Self-Determination in Nunavut: From Vision to Illusion".

9166: 8304: 4823:

in their daily lives, they still believe in God. The practice of religion is generally considered a private matter.

2495:, which has severely impacted waterways, forest growth, and agricultural productivity. Canada is one of the largest 2274:

A topographic map of Canada, in polar projection (for 90° W), showing elevations shaded from green to brown (higher)

23835: 22418: 21891: 21675: 21629: 21293: 20729: 20699: 19925: 19416: 16649: 15485: 15117: 15099: 13398: 9191: 7304: 6074: 6024: 4184: 4179: 4161: 3982:

households, 2.9 percent are multigenerational households, and 29.3 percent are single-person households.

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subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. The

1384:

establish seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast. In general, early settlements during the

938: 883: 19691: 15471: 5109:

Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "

2939:

in the House. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75.

23233: 22777: 21542: 20764: 16814: 14556:"Gross domestic expenditures on research and development, 2020 (final), 2021 (preliminary) and 2022 (intentions)" 13455:

Massie, Justin (April 30, 2019). "Why Canada Goes to War: Explaining Combat Participation in US-led Coalitions".

12862: 8354: 7778: 5872: 5849: 4703: 4687: 4605: 4541:", representing 69.8 percent of the population. The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 4456: 3959: 3651: 3623: 3333: 3064: 3038:. The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions. 2308: 2061: 1714: 1522: 934: 867: 778: 15712: 12320: 12240: 11291:

Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective

10128: 3546:(14th in 2023) and "is widely regarded as among the least corrupt countries of the world". It ranks high in the 2168: 24426: 23812: 23315: 22645: 22554: 22185: 21116: 20492: 20116: 13621: 5970: 5452: 5056: 4716: 3889:. Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including 3590: 3574:

per capita is "well above" the OECD average. Canada ranks among the lowest of the most developed countries for

3369: 2685: 2541: 1979: 545: 16885: 10451:

The new estimate indicates that there are about 80,000 known species in Canada, excluding viruses and bacteria

7971:

The Catholic Faith and the Social Construction of Religion: With Particular Attention to the Québec Experience

5309:, with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. 2564:, with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land). 2148:

followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. In 1997, the

1288:

reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A period of redress began with the formation of a

1235: 1068:(the chief at Stadacona); by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the 24347: 23649: 21190: 20993: 20744: 17024:"British Columbia and Ontario saw the largest percentage point increases in degree holders from 2016 to 2021" 16205: 15817: 14529: 14121: 11607: 9218: 8485: 5954: 5950: 5527: 5500: 5385: 5192: 4805: 4786: 4725: 4579: 3594: 3547: 3305: 3290: 3207: 3073: 3054: 2912: 2618: 2419: 2026: 1854:

French version of the poster roughly translates as "They serve France–Everyone can serve; Buy Victory Bonds".

1285: 1281: 733: 19803: 17982: 17845: 16902: 12627: 9109: 8278: 7229:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. University of Toronto Press. p. 7. 5922:, compared with immigrants, who were more likely to have played soccer (the most popular youth team sport), 2583:

established in 1885 spans 6,641 square kilometres (2,564 sq mi). Canada's oldest provincial park,

2532:, with an equal number yet to be formally recognized or discovered. Although Canada has a low percentage of 2242:. Administered by various Christian churches and funded by the Canadian government from 1828 to 1997, these 2132:

on sovereignty-association in 1980. Attempts to accommodate Quebec nationalism constitutionally through the

24303: 23285: 23273: 22792: 22137: 22044: 21266: 21241: 21173: 20634: 19613: 17243: 15785: 15726: 15676: 15516: 14634: 14555: 13240: 11859: 8707:

Canada's Great War, 1914–1918: How Canada Helped Save the British Empire and Became a North American Nation

7691: 7061: 5619:

The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of

5145: 5101: 4315: 4247: 3947: 3798: 3602: 3575: 3543: 3523: 2867: 2863: 2689: 2677: 2234:

began on January 27, 2020, with widespread social and economic disruption. In 2021, the possible graves of

1983: 1912: 1412: 1208: 1164: 985: 828: 13915: 10507: 10396: 6999:

Indigenous Communities and Settler Colonialism: Land Holding, Loss and Survival in an Interconnected World

1654:. Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. 24406: 24166: 24080: 23975: 23890: 23807: 23305: 23177: 23032: 22639: 22548: 21665: 21246: 21121: 20979: 20593: 17194: 17023: 15727:"The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity" 15069: 14591: 13680: 10414: 7860: 7829:

Allaire, Gratien (May 2007). "From 'Nouvelle-France' to 'Francophonie canadienne': a historical survey".

6444: 6325: 6138: 5978: 5762: 5624: 5140:

of far-right politics, has wide public support. Government policies such as publicly funded health care,

4889: 4213: 3866: 3750: 3457: 3270: 3248: 3198: 2916: 2827: 2752: 2367: 2231: 2227: 2122: 2006: 1936: 1890: 1878: 1597:, as Canada's first city. To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the 1005: 1001: 872: 384: 18910: 16502: 15548: 14616: 10697: 5848:. Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by numerous "Halls of Fame" and museums, such as 5047:

is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. The nation's three top ranking universities are the

4745:

in both languages. In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. There are 11

3715:, with supplementary estimates for 2022 at $ 43.2 billion. As of 2023, the country has produced 15 2537: 2513: 56: 24313: 24228: 23817: 23715: 21609: 21563: 21401: 21256: 21180: 21081: 21065: 20769: 20739: 20709: 20690: 19640: 17957: 17116: 16575: 13870: 12359: 11894: 10653: 10206: 9045:

Landry, Rodrigue; Forgues, Éric (May 2007). "Official language minorities in Canada: an introduction".

8325: 7057:

The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667–1783

6889: 5864: 5746: 5742: 5705: 5608: 5519: 5448: 5290: 5208: 5114: 4998: 4263: 3963: 3763: 3694: 3427: 3359: 3022:

interprets laws and has the power to strike down acts of Parliament that violate the constitution. The

2977: 2882: 2847: 2795: 2748: 1920: 1686: 1534: 1513: 1179: 946: 918: 914: 840: 781:

is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both

724: 705: 346: 280: 24005: 9068:

Esses, Victoria M; Gardner, RC (July 1996). "Multiculturalism in Canada: Context and current status".

8653:

From Treaties to Reserves: The Federal Government and Native Peoples in Territorial Alberta, 1870–1905

4941:

unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among

831:

have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century,

24446: 24283: 23970: 23905: 23895: 23880: 23215: 23162: 23072: 22178: 22049: 21507: 21459: 21425: 21163: 20998: 20895: 20820: 19966: 16530: 15212: 15024: 13657: 13015: 9948: 6190: 6170: 6146: 5750: 5549: 5437:, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English; and Booker Prize recipient 5431: 5411:

literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all of which tie into the

3834: 3678: 3579: 3563: 3159: 3125: 2988:, ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the 2584: 2572: 2336: 1786: 1594: 1115: 24105: 17800: 16734: 12573:

Redrawing Local Government Boundaries: An International Study of Politics, Procedures, and Decisions

11796: 8403: 7722:

The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History

4800:

refers to God; however, Canada has no official church and the government is officially committed to

3665:

and other oil reserves give Canada 13 percent of global oil reserves, constituting the world's

2067: 1220: 23725: 23705: 23670: 23623: 23577: 22929: 22745: 22705: 22213: 22116: 21660: 21288: 21087: 21018: 21008: 21003: 20988: 19509: 18364: 17818:

Garcea, Joseph; Kirova, Anna; Wong, Lloyd (January 2009). "Multiculturalism Discourses in Canada".

16516: 16462: 16080: 15534: 14262: 13699:"Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations – Share of global exports of goods (%), 1978–2020" 12443: 10574: 8777: 8545:

The Nature of Empires and the Empires of Nature: Indigenous Peoples and the Great Lakes Environment

6266: 6116: 5880: 5876: 5670:

became part of the group in 1926. Associated with the group was another prominent Canadian artist,

5635: 5419: 5185: 4057: 4037: 3926: 3724: 3712: 3593:, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. Canada has an unusually important 3400: 3373: 3313: 3045: 2813: 2756: 2576: 2484: 2439: 2212: 2018: 1959: 1954:. Canadian troops played important roles in many key battles of the war, including the failed 1942 1776: 1277: 1168: 906: 296: 17522:

The Moral Foundations of Canadian Federalism: Paradoxes, Achievements, and Tragedies of Nationhood

17350: 13948: 10544: 9790: 7395: 7340: 1701:

of 1867, disputes continued about the exact demarcation of the Alaska–Yukon and Alaska–BC border.

42: 23603: 23295: 23278: 23268: 23243: 23087: 22813: 22565: 22205: 21251: 21217: 21104: 20719: 20627: 20072: 18121: 16476: 14992: 13998: 13627: 12445:

Canadian Public Budgeting in the Age of Crises: Shifting Budgetary Domains and Temporal Budgeting

11470: 8745: 6608: 6142: 5974: 5884: 5659: 5505: 5079: 4954: 4440: 3586: 3559: 3551: 3431: 3274: 3060: 3034:. The governor general appoints the court's nine members on the advice of the prime minister and 3031: 3023: 3012: 2901: 2720: 2669: 2553: 2549: 2488: 2291: 2149: 1894: 1736: 1678: 1598: 1212: 1128:

was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "realm of the Commonwealth".

1039: 894: 656: 519: 251: 20: 20533: 19338: 14756: 14737: 14719: 14674: 13813: 11837: 11768: 11762: 11360:

Ambrose, Emma; Mudde, Cas (2015). "Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right".

7695: 7685: 7520: 7030: 7024: 5380:

are defined as uniquely Canadian. Canadian coins feature many of these symbols: the loon on the

4921: 4764:(ASL) is used across the country due to the prevalence of ASL in primary and secondary schools. 2870:

and government agencies. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the

2587:, established in 1893, covers an area of 7,653.45 square kilometres (2,955.01 sq mi). 24323: 24238: 24085: 23797: 23730: 23598: 23547: 23479: 23379: 23369: 23167: 23102: 22909: 22838: 22650: 22101: 21655: 21599: 21587: 21577: 21482: 21452: 21303: 21273: 21261: 21222: 21158: 21099: 21055: 20586: 19921: 19190: 18726: 18549: 18173: 15385: 15379: 13146: 12326:(Report). 1. Parliamentary Information and Research Service, Library of Parliament. p. 3. 10601:

Policies for Sustainably Managing Canada's Forests: Tenure, Stumpage Fees, and Forest Practices

8831: 8253: 8245: 8160: 7145:. McGill-Queen's Indigenous and Northern Studies. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 14. 6236: 6166: 5860: 5776: 5725: 5389: 5212: 5153: 5141: 4933: 4827: 4797: 4761: 3922: 3720: 3500: 3408: 3049: 3027: 3019: 2969: 2921: 2650: 2568: 2247: 2219: 2145: 2141: 2129: 1723: 1658: 1574: 1481: 1462: 1381: 1369: 1138: 1107: 856: 844: 572: 513: 454: 370: 62: 21733: 19778: 19490: 19390: 19363: 19303: 19272: 19213: 19160: 19057: 18988: 18884: 18664: 18566: 18442: 18416: 18331: 18247: 18068: 17899: 17746: 17719: 17692: 17665: 17578: 17168: 17083: 16677: 16549: 16436: 16382: 16355: 16328: 16274: 16247: 16123: 16072: 15934: 15903: 15633: 15606: 15436: 15348: 15237: 15148: 14364:"CER – Market Snapshot: 25 Years of Atlantic Canada Offshore Oil & Natural Gas Production" 14312: 14204: 13840: 13594: 13567: 13277: 13226: 12776: 12742: 12598: 12516: 12353: 12263: 12042: 11909: 11577: 11444: 11289: 11203: 11043: 11016: 10967: 10671: 10094: 10027: 9922: 9656: 9451: 9420: 9313: 8994: 8967: 8883: 8678: 8651: 8597: 8543: 8513:"The Canadian West: An Archival Odyssey through the Records of the Department of the Interior" 8319: 8030: 7969: 7942: 7803: 7720: 7624: 7426: 6997: 6943: 6914: 6796: 6737: 6658: 6568: 6512: 6498:"An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada" 6406: 5422:

have accumulated international literary awards, including novelist, poet, and literary critic

2972:

is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. The

1496:

and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War.

1087:

that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called

146: 24456: 24308: 24288: 24268: 24131: 24095: 24050: 23995: 23787: 23782: 23557: 23504: 23329: 23238: 23207: 23147: 23097: 22879: 22869: 22670: 22623: 22408: 21946: 21881: 21330: 21212: 21168: 21126: 21111: 20861: 20537: 19804:

United States Senate Subcommittee on Trade, Tourism and Economic Development (January 2006).

19724: 19555: 19528: 19442: 19392:

The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier

19133: 19030: 18857: 18805: 18778: 18751: 18691: 18523: 18496: 18389: 18358: 18276: 18220: 17773: 17638: 17547: 17520: 17217: 17141: 17110: 17071:. Canada Year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1959. 16774: 16704: 16619: 16409: 16150: 15965: 15909: 15579: 15517:"The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity" 15375: 15206: 15175: 15043: 14965: 14693: 14405: 14281: 13889: 13540: 13513: 13486: 13304: 13065: 13038: 12928:

Haglung, David G (Autumn 2003). "North American Cooperation in an Era of Homeland Security".

12688: 12571: 12416: 12185: 12160: 12154: 12015: 11988: 11890: 11629: 11173: 11139: 10940: 10913: 10886: 10859: 10832: 10805: 10309: 10143: 9857: 9759: 9569: 9563: 9426: 8792: 8624: 8183: 8133: 8106: 8057: 7996: 7747: 7655: 7597: 7545: 7485: 7456: 7167: 7140: 7113: 7086: 7055: 6970: 6858: 6685: 6602: 6541: 6497: 6438: 5868: 5545: 5496: 5277:

as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's

5169: 5060: 5048: 4903: 4753:

is the majority language in Nunavut and is one of three official languages in the territory.

4551: 4448: 3951: 3857: 3670: 3504: 3418: 3384: 3353: 3349: 3256: 3163: 2874:

and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.

2843: 2831: 2701: 2561: 2533: 2453: 2435: 2363: 2332: 2265: 2041: 1971: 1814: 1740: 1727:

officially proclaimed Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, initially with four provinces:

1628: 1582: 1473: 1458: 1376:. The early 16th century saw European mariners with navigational techniques pioneered by the 1349: 1009: 950: 910: 852: 782: 23459: 20456: 20435: 20360: 20339: 20311: 20290: 20243: 20222: 20201: 20173: 20152: 20124: 20088: 20052: 20014: 19939: 19751: 18593: 18469: 18041: 18014:. The Environics Institute. Queen's University. 2010. p. 4 (PDF page 8). Archived from 16831: 16301: 16220: 15319: 14842: 14152: 13698: 12902: 12715: 12661: 12470: 10599: 9884: 9422:

The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies

8705: 7927: 7251: 7224: 7197: 6921:. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 2. Government Printing Office. p. 285. 6470: 3747:, with over 33 million users, equivalent to around 94 percent of its total population. 2996:

guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually cannot be overridden by any government; a

2160:

was passed by Parliament, outlining the terms of a negotiated departure from Confederation.

2102:

became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government.

24421: 24293: 24212: 24176: 24126: 23985: 23910: 23695: 23572: 23364: 23139: 23117: 23112: 23077: 23019: 22590: 22156: 21435: 21418: 21408: 21350: 21345: 21072: 21042: 20835: 18903: 17454: 17434: 16648:. The Health of Canadians – The Federal Role (Report). Parliament of Canada. Archived from 15936:

Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation. Theories and methods

14912: 14875: 9126: 7805:

Wars of the age of Louis XIV, 1650–1715: an encyclopedia of global warfare and civilization

6054: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5931: 5833: 5821: 5809: 5541: 5537: 5515: 5461: 5315: 5184:. Canadians also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the 5173: 5075: 5016: 4958: 4883: 4839: 4838:

overall representing 53.3 percent of the population, are followed by people reporting

4765: 4583: 4428: 4331: 4127: 4077: 4023: 3943: 3935: 3910: 3630:

Canada's economic integration with the United States has increased significantly since the

3481: 3174: 3151: 2927: 2893: 2823: 2716: 2665: 2604: 2164: 2125: 1886: 1546: 1365: 1293: 1239: 1230: 1069: 890: 790: 716: 482: 316: 247: 77: 15350:

OECD Environmental Performance Reviews OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Canada 2004

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From Wall Street to Bay Street: The Origins and Evolution of American and Canadian Finance

13781:

Bank of Canada/La Banque du Canada: Origines et premieres annees/Origins and Early History

12543: 9540: 5801: 5128:

Canada's approach to governance emphasizing multiculturalism, which is based on selective

3978:

in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.

2045: 1340:

It is believed that the first documented European to explore the east coast of Canada was

8: 24318: 24263: 24100: 24090: 24075: 24065: 24030: 23960: 23875: 23845: 23792: 23509: 23263: 23258: 23157: 23152: 22919: 22874: 22833: 22738: 22531: 22473: 22223: 22170: 22003: 21896: 21791: 21522: 21440: 21396: 21335: 21148: 21028: 20885: 19278: 18554:. Vol. B (Concise ed.). Broadview Press. 2006. p. 1459. GGKEY:1TFFGS4YFLT. 17167:

Blake, Raymond B.; Keshen, Jeffrey A.; Knowles, Norman J.; Messamore, Barbara J. (2017).

16354:

Gregory, Derek; Johnston, Ron; Pratt, Geraldine; Watts, Michael; Whatmore, Sarah (2009).

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Bilingual Today, United Tomorrow: Official Languages in Education and Canadian Federalism

12093: 11157: 10202: 10174: 9890: 8444: 7169:

Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada: Essays on Law, Equity, and Respect for Difference

6099: 5982: 5813: 5663: 5492: 5443: 5405: 5282: 5032: 4994: 4981: 4801: 4746: 4595: 4523: 4486:

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were

4062: 4042: 3806: 3736: 3662: 3567: 3535: 3392: 3155: 3121: 3091: 2945:

divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the 10 provinces.

2942: 2932: 2896:

passes all federal statute laws. It comprises the monarch, the House of Commons, and the

2877: 2785: 2697: 2654: 2580: 2457: 2423: 2371: 2259: 2137: 2057: 2049: 1848: 1837: 1744: 1682: 1651: 1606: 1567: 1485: 1424: 1420: 1373: 1080: 798: 786: 413: 22039: 17382: 17286: 14916: 14879: 7118:. Routledge Studies in Indigenous Peoples and Policy. Taylor & Francis. p. 51. 5859:

with the United States. Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the

5569: 5479: 5042: 3499:

in goods of $ 22 billion and a trade deficit in services of $ 25 billion. The

1824:

extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights.

1048:, meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day 24217: 24040: 24035: 24000: 23980: 23955: 23950: 23945: 23940: 23935: 23920: 23915: 23860: 23767: 23613: 23484: 23374: 23354: 23310: 23253: 23248: 23225: 23192: 23182: 23172: 23054: 21831: 21537: 21413: 21340: 21278: 21185: 21139: 21060: 21023: 20947: 20413: 20016:

Multiculturalism in Canada: Constructing a Model Multiculture with Multicultural Values

19881: 19331: 18969: 18719: 17439: 16972: 16947: 15553:

tops the more than 450 ethnic or cultural origins reported by the population of Canada"

15273: 14287: 13795: 13390: 12833:"Report to parliament on the Government of Canada's international assistance 2021-2022" 12135: 11474: 11393: 11090: 10993: 10236: 9765: 9511: 9294: 9171: 8820: 8226: 7513: 7369: 7341:"Principles respecting the Government of Canada's relationship with Indigenous peoples" 6154: 6082: 5837: 5825: 5651: 5577: 5553: 5412: 5177: 5165: 5161: 5133: 5036: 4867: 4855: 4847: 4777: 4499: 4487: 3931: 3673:; the Canadian Prairies region is one of the most important global producers of wheat, 3598: 2851: 2777: 2740: 2724: 2693: 2638: 2608: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2508: 2395: 2375: 2316: 2110: 2095: 1967: 1781: 1757: 1662: 1643: 1612: 1542: 1423:

arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent year-round European settlements at

1261: 1254: 1100: 930: 922: 902: 898: 264: 238: 16853: 14569: 14186: 13759: 12943: 12907:. Canada and International Affairs. Springer International Publishing. pp. 3–10. 11740:"'A cabinet that looks like Canada:' Justin Trudeau pledges government built on trust" 7484:

Blake, Raymond B.; Keshen, Jeffrey; Knowles, Norman J.; Messamore, Barbara J. (2017).

3000:

allows Parliament and the provincial legislatures to override certain sections of the

2088:

of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the

24243: 24233: 24196: 24070: 24055: 23930: 23900: 23870: 23865: 23840: 23777: 23772: 23762: 23633: 23582: 23469: 23464: 23187: 22823: 22808: 22570: 22034: 21634: 21604: 21552: 21512: 21502: 21474: 21447: 21283: 21229: 21204: 20923: 20913: 20617: 20462: 20441: 20420: 20394: 20386: 20366: 20345: 20317: 20296: 20268: 20249: 20228: 20207: 20179: 20158: 20130: 20108: 20094: 20058: 20020: 19999: 19978: 19971: 19945: 19839: 19812: 19784: 19757: 19730: 19586: 19561: 19534: 19465: 19396: 19369: 19342: 19309: 19282: 19219: 19166: 19113: 19088: 19063: 19036: 18994: 18940: 18890: 18863: 18836: 18811: 18784: 18757: 18730: 18697: 18670: 18599: 18572: 18529: 18502: 18475: 18448: 18422: 18395: 18368: 18337: 18307: 18282: 18253: 18226: 18179: 18150: 18136: 18074: 18047: 18015: 17930: 17905: 17779: 17752: 17725: 17698: 17671: 17644: 17588: 17557: 17526: 17223: 17174: 17147: 17120: 17089: 16977: 16780: 16710: 16683: 16625: 16598: 16555: 16442: 16415: 16388: 16361: 16334: 16307: 16280: 16253: 16226: 16156: 16129: 16084: 16051: 16000: 15996: 15971: 15944: 15940: 15913: 15821: 15639: 15612: 15585: 15472:"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country]" 15442: 15389: 15354: 15325: 15243: 15216: 15185: 15154: 15049: 15004: 14971: 14928: 14699: 14411: 14343: 14318: 14291: 14210: 14158: 13962: 13895: 13846: 13785: 13725: 13631: 13600: 13573: 13546: 13519: 13492: 13337: 13310: 13283: 13095: 13071: 13044: 12991: 12908: 12782: 12748: 12721: 12694: 12667: 12604: 12577: 12522: 12480: 12449: 12422: 12363: 12296: 12269: 12216: 12191: 12164: 12125: 12073: 12048: 12021: 11994: 11915: 11772: 11673: 11635: 11583: 11541: 11450: 11342: 11322: 11295: 11209: 11179: 11145: 11115: 11049: 11022: 10973: 10946: 10919: 10892: 10865: 10838: 10811: 10677: 10605: 10578: 10550: 10315: 10178: 10149: 10100: 10033: 9928: 9894: 9863: 9769: 9662: 9573: 9478:"Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182" 9457: 9430: 9319: 9257: 9025: 9000: 8973: 8946: 8921: 8889: 8835: 8798: 8749: 8711: 8684: 8657: 8630: 8626:

Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life

8603: 8549: 8383: 8358: 8329: 8257: 8189: 8139: 8112: 8063: 8036: 8006: 7975: 7948: 7842: 7809: 7782: 7753: 7726: 7699: 7661: 7634: 7603: 7576: 7551: 7524: 7491: 7464: 7432: 7257: 7230: 7203: 7173: 7146: 7119: 7092: 7065: 7034: 7003: 6976: 6949: 6922: 6893: 6864: 6802: 6768: 6743: 6716: 6691: 6664: 6637: 6612: 6574: 6547: 6520: 6477: 6448: 6412: 6150: 6034: 5845: 5772: 5620: 5149: 5118: 5091: 5052: 5028: 4977: 4907: 4898: 4893: 4859: 4851: 4796:

Canada is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of beliefs and customs. The

4708: 4651: 4515: 4511: 4491: 4349: 4145: 3902: 3571: 3531: 3465: 3447: 2839: 2835: 2415: 2411: 2391: 2324: 2133: 2053: 2033: 1963: 1907: 1897:

Cabinet's proposal to augment the military's dwindling number of active members with

1670: 1493: 1477: 1400: 1158: 1145:. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to 973: 966: 962: 958: 839:

expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of

121: 18937:

Canadian Indigenous Literature and Art: Decolonizing Education, Culture, and Society

14946: 12781:. Oxford Handbooks in Politics & International Relations. OUP USA. p. 363. 10463: 9382: 9210: 7775:

British Atlantic, American frontier: spaces of power in early modern British America

4888:

Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of

4782: 3007: 2105:

At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the

1947:, seven days after the United Kingdom. The delay underscored Canada's independence. 24259: 24223: 24141: 23965: 23735: 23680: 23643: 23618: 23608: 23542: 23494: 23424: 23419: 23414: 23409: 23404: 23394: 23389: 23082: 22828: 22721: 22690: 22660: 22560: 22508: 22398: 21670: 21547: 21497: 21492: 21076: 20805: 20759: 20515: 19861:

Temporary Importations Using the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015 Remission Order

18886:

International Trade Law and Domestic Policy: Canada, the United States, and the WTO

18142: 17880: 17827: 17617: 17553: 16967: 16959: 16928: 16869: 16384:

International Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

15884: 15000: 14920: 14903: 14883: 14866: 14133: 13954: 13464: 13382: 12966: 12939: 12476: 12117: 11528: 11369: 11268: 11082: 9839:"Catholic group to release all records from Marievel, Kamloops residential schools" 9378: 9348: 9286: 9079: 9050: 8864: 8822:

Maturing in Hard Times: Canada's Department of Finance through the Great Depression

8218: 7920: 7901: 7834: 7630: 7115:

Indigenous Intergenerational Resilience: Confronting Cultural and Ecological Crisis

6351: 6103: 6016: 5841: 5796: 5655: 5511: 5456: 5438: 5344:, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Canadian Rockies, and, more recently, the 5129: 5024: 4871: 4812: 4733: 4729: 4679: 4667: 4663: 4643: 4547: 4507: 4503: 4474: 4464: 4404: 4268: 4195: 4150: 4111: 3898: 3782: 3631: 3404: 3340:

in 1948, and seven principal UN human rights conventions and covenants since then.

3117: 2905: 2897: 2688:—the Liberals, who formed a minority government; the Conservatives, who became the 2403: 2344: 2106: 1993:

The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military

1951: 1806: 1732: 1624: 1433: 1396: 1385: 1304:, and betterment of racial discrimination issues, such as addressing the plight of 1269: 631: 331: 211: 17884: 16773:

Gregory, David; Stephens, Tracey; Raymond-Seniuk, Christy; Patrick, Linda (2019).

14407:

Reconfiguring Global Climate Governance in North America: A Transregional Approach

14206:

Environmental Assessment on Energy and Sustainability by Data Envelopment Analysis

11373: 7373: 6543:

The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II

6517:

Holy Nations and Global Identities: Civil Religion, Nationalism, and Globalisation

5658:—were responsible for articulating the group's ideas. They were joined briefly by 5121:

that is distinct from English Canadian culture. As a whole, Canada is in theory a

24386: 24136: 23885: 23855: 23850: 23710: 23700: 23665: 23655: 23638: 23474: 23429: 23344: 23062: 23037: 22884: 22599: 22443: 21776: 21708: 21527: 21464: 21430: 21234: 20959: 20937: 20932: 20505: 19993: 19901:"World Cup 2026: Canada, US & Mexico joint bid wins right to host tournament" 19859: 19833: 19805: 19438: 16730: 15294:"UNHCR calls for concerted action as forced displacement hits new record in 2022" 14069: 13746: 13331: 12930: 12885: 12321:

Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 2004–2006

12290: 11316: 11109: 10335: 9253: 8108:

Canadian Society in the Twenty-first Century: An Historical Sociological Approach

8026: 8002: 7681: 6570:

British Decolonization, 1946–1997: When, Why and How did the British Empire Fall?

6186: 6182: 5687: 5474: 5423: 5393: 5294: 5249: 5217: 5181: 5122: 4843: 4737: 4647: 4563: 4495: 4468: 4093: 3906: 3846: 3838: 3810: 3743:, and is home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. Canada 3555: 3244: 3178: 3141: 3137: 3072:. These rights may include provision of services, such as healthcare through the 2936: 2626: 2476: 2407: 2387: 2383: 2355: 2351: 2243: 2172: 2009:

in Quebec in 1944, Canada finished the war with a large army and strong economy.

1794: 1698: 1647: 1361: 1325: 1133: 1053: 1034:

While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of

997: 878: 870:

and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the

689: 216: 19900: 16995: 13994: 12690:

Canada as a selective power: Canada's Role and International Position after 1989

9761:

Libya, the Responsibility to Protect and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention

7195: 5741:

industry is one of the largest in the world, producing internationally renowned

5594: 1840:

depicting three French women pulling a plow that had been constructed for horses

1469:

broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade.

24278: 24060: 24045: 24010: 23750: 23745: 23628: 23562: 23434: 23092: 23067: 22972: 22889: 22843: 22655: 22580: 22488: 22106: 21961: 21582: 21532: 20954: 20942: 20908: 20714: 19692:"Canadian sport participation – Most frequently played sports in Canada (2010)" 19274:

The Music Business and Recording Industry: Delivering Music in the 21st Century

17610:"From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s" 15045:

The Canadian Space Program: From Black Brant to the International Space Station

13623:

Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage

10969:

Human Rights and Judicial Review in Australia and Canada: The Newest Despotism?

9481: 7455:

Cordell, Linda S.; Lightfoot, Kent; McManamon, Francis; Milner, George (2009).

7286:. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. 2015. p. 5. Archived from 6158: 5888: 5780: 5733: 5729: 5561: 5341: 5286: 5278: 5233: 5196: 5157: 5096: 4831: 4683: 4655: 4621: 4519: 3962:. A record 405,000 immigrants were admitted in 2021. Canada leads the world in 3842: 3794: 3682: 3515: 3487: 3435: 3146: 3133: 3129: 2809: 2642: 2634: 2557: 2295: 2200: 2118: 2037: 1975: 1882: 1802: 1798: 1772: 1709: 1199: 1195: 1064:

to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to

1029: 758: 356: 302: 48: 19059:

Picturing the Land: Narrating Territories in Canadian Landscape Art, 1500–1950

14137: 13468: 11086: 10005:"Canada and Denmark reach settlement over disputed Arctic island, sources say" 9352: 7363: 3905:. Canada has also produced one of the world's most successful and widely used 3534:

to enable financial planning and develop economic policy. Canada has a strong

3452: 2347:—latitude 82.5°N—which lies 817 kilometres (508 mi) from the North Pole. 2339:

to the southeast. Canada is also home to the world's northernmost settlement,

2094:. Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country under 24380: 24362: 24349: 23925: 23690: 23685: 23107: 22965: 22924: 22904: 21994: 21973: 21956: 21901: 21768: 21696: 21050: 20964: 20815: 20500: 19639:

Fournier-Savard, Patric; Gagnon, Valerie; Durocher, Dominic (March 5, 2024).

18281:(2nd Canadian ed.). Nelson Education-McGraw-Hill Education. p. 92. 16107:. Canadian Association of the Deaf – Association des Sourds du Canada. 2015. 16077:

Unfinished constitutional business?: rethinking indigenous self-determination

15181: 14807: 14481: 14099:"'Worst in the world': Here are all the rankings in which Canada is now last" 14029: 13386: 11660: 11075:

Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique

9661:. BESA studies in international security. Taylor & Francis. p. 160. 9290: 8917: 7846: 6513:"Dominion of the Gods: Religious continuity and change in a Canadian context" 6002: 5907: 5713: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5599: 5353: 5241: 4757: 4659: 4460: 4444: 3886: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3767: 3755: 3657:

Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy.

3507:, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over 3496: 3396: 2963: 2925:, requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the 2855: 2394:

in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. The Great Lakes feed the

2303: 2223: 2192: 1932: 1928: 1674: 1666: 1590: 1578: 1562: 1508: 1442: 1321: 926: 762: 750: 178: 165: 23454: 18960:

Cook, Ramsay (1974). "Landscape Painting and National Sentiment in Canada".

17846:"Cultural Diversity in Canada: The Social Construction of Racial Difference" 15855: 10733: 6798:

International Trade in Indigenous Cultural Heritage: Legal and Policy Issues

5771:

dates back over 200 years. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "

4834:

representing 29.9 percent of the population having the most adherents.

2803: 2218:

In 2011, Canadian forces participated in the NATO-led intervention into the

1860: 24015: 23537: 23499: 23399: 22982: 22516: 22448: 22433: 22075: 21487: 20918: 20845: 18204: 17069:

Canada 1956 the Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress

16988: 16981: 16411:

Through a Lens Darkly: How the News Media Perceive and Portray Evangelicals

16104: 15381:

Immigration policy and the terrorist threat in Canada and the United States

15100:"Despite pandemic, Canada's population grows at fastest rate in G7: census" 14760: 14455: 13799: 12139: 11273: 11256: 10759:"Proposed Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area: regulatory strategy" 8868: 5943: 5919: 5717: 5667: 5589: 5427: 5333: 5293:", reflects the colours of the maple leaf through the seasons—green in the 5265: 5257: 5237: 5110: 5012: 4600: 4538: 4436: 4336: 4302: 3786: 3740: 3661:, and Alberta hosts the fourth-largest oil reserves in the world. The vast 3539: 3519: 3468: 3312:

together with the United States in 1958. The country has membership in the

3273:, along with both countries' former colonies through its membership in the 3240: 2673: 2299: 2022: 2002: 1987: 1898: 1765: 1620: 1353: 1345: 1191: 1092: 1088: 993: 766: 115: 20292:

The Canadian Regime: An Introduction to Parliamentary Government in Canada

18146: 17721:

The Fire Now: Anti-Racist Scholarship in Times of Explicit Racial Violence

16735:"Canadian Male and Female Life Expectancy Rates by Province and Territory" 15888: 14932: 14592:"2022 tables: Countries/territories | 2022 tables | Countries/territories" 13779: 12111: 9054: 9022:

The house of difference: cultural politics and national identity in Canada

7838: 2767: 24247: 23756: 23552: 23444: 23439: 23359: 22950: 22934: 22675: 22413: 22383: 22233: 22132: 21886: 21836: 21796: 21013: 20825: 19753:

Montreal Olympics: An Insider's View of Organizing a Self-financing Games

19424: 16963: 10071: 8300: 8032:

Hostages to Fortune: The United Empire Loyalists and the Making of Canada

6792: 6174: 5911: 5737: 5709: 5631: 5604: 5434: 5373: 5369: 5357: 5337: 5305:, and brown after falling. The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after 5225: 4721: 4132: 3966:; it resettled more than 47,600 in 2022. New immigrants settle mostly in 3818: 3690: 3476: 3203: 2773: 2728: 2399: 2320: 2311:—spanning 8,891 km (5,525 mi)—Canada shares a land border with 2157: 1955: 1635: 1616: 1526: 1518: 1489: 1466: 1450: 1404: 1316: 1280:. These early European interactions with First Nations would change from 1224: 1096: 1049: 340: 325: 270: 19271:

Hull, Geoffrey P.; Hutchison, Thomas William; Strasser, Richard (2011).

18973: 17270:"Key facts about Canada's competitiveness for foreign direct investment" 16873: 15818:"2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Highlights" 15760:"Visible Minorities and Aboriginal Peoples in Vancouver's Labour Market" 15581:

Accounting for Ethnic and Racial Diversity: The Challenge of Enumeration

15321:

The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society

14122:"View of 2020 Tax Competitiveness Report: Canada's Investment Challenge" 13958: 13394: 12121: 11094: 9369:

Sorens, J (December 2004). "Globalization, secessionism, and autonomy".

9298: 7905: 7719:

Tucker, Spencer C; Arnold, James; Wiener, Roberta (September 30, 2011).

6355: 5003: 4789:

sculpture by Marlene Hilton Moore at the McMurtry Gardens of Justice in

1601:

divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later

23802: 23740: 23659: 22899: 22864: 22685: 22428: 22368: 22298: 22238: 22111: 21939: 21934: 21816: 20649: 17831: 17584: 16932: 14154:

Historical Atlas of Canada: Addressing the Twentieth Century, 1891–1961

13370: 13040:

NORAD and the Soviet Nuclear Threat: Canada's Secret Electronic Air War

12887:

Canada and the United States: An Introduction to a Complex Relationship

12663:

The Middle Power Project: Canada and the Founding of the United Nations

11422:"What's actually standing in the way of right-wing populism in Canada?" 11070: 6162: 6077:

catch-all approach to appeal to the median Canadian voter ... adopting

5758: 5671: 5345: 5321: 5274: 5229: 4835: 4365: 3894: 3890: 3862: 3826: 3822: 3686: 3491: 3173:, whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the 3041: 2950: 2886: 2791: 2630: 2567:

Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are

2480: 2469: 2465: 2176: 2085: 1820: 1697:

established the border along the Pacific coast, but, even after the US

1558: 1554: 1454: 1415:. In 1600, the French established their first seasonal trading post at 1357: 1336:(orange); California, Pacific Northwest, and Great Basin not indicated. 1329: 1146: 1084: 860: 848: 398: 287: 244: 22070: 20242:

Montello, Daniel R.; Applegarth, Michael T.; McKnight, Tom L. (2021).

20019:. Recovering Political Philosophy. Springer International Publishing. 19614:"The Daily — Participation in Canadian society through sport and work" 17622: 17609: 17051:"2015 federal budget 'disappointing' for post-secondary students: CFS" 14864:

Bolton, C. T. (1972). "Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868".

13866: 12236: 8230: 6573:. British History in Perspective. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 108. 6515:. In Hvithamar, Annika; Warburg, Margit; Jacobsen, Brian Arly (eds.). 3638:(FTA) of 1988 eliminated tariffs between the two countries, while the 3426:

operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations, such as the

3364: 2080:

Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the

1760:

in the Northwest Territories, Parliament created the Yukon Territory.

24161: 24151: 23720: 23027: 22914: 22665: 22615: 22540: 22453: 22438: 22363: 22228: 22018: 21968: 21871: 21846: 21318: 18249:

History of Literature in Canada: English-Canadian and French-Canadian

17667:

Revisiting Multiculturalism in Canada: Theories, Policies and Debates

16776:

Fundamentals: Perspectives on the Art and Science of Canadian Nursing

16753:"Health Status of Canadians – How healthy are we? – Perceived health" 16122:

Jepsen, Julie Bakken; De Clerck, Goedele; Lutalo-Kiingi, Sam (2015).

14924: 14887: 13014:. Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. 2013. Archived from 12971: 12958: 12541: 12355:

Is There a Canadian Philosophy?: Reflections on the Canadian Identity

11713:"House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions" 10526:"State of Canada's Biodiversity Highlighted in New Government Report" 10442:. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council. 2016. p. 2. 9972: 9970: 9083: 8774:

The Conscription Crisis in Quebec – 1917: a Study in Canadian Dualism

7253:

Healing Traditions: The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada

6178: 6010: 5935: 5721: 5565: 5557: 4915: 4911: 4750: 4671: 4297: 3878: 3874: 3830: 3771: 3317: 2705: 2492: 2444: 2340: 2312: 1944: 1901:

was met with vehement objections from French-speaking Quebecers. The

1586: 1416: 1356:. No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when seafarer 1333: 1273: 1065: 1057: 822: 231: 20075:(Report). Statistics Canada. December 2012. Catalogue no 11-402-XWE. 19667:"Study: Soccer most popular sport among Canadian kids post-pandemic" 19126: 18070:

The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity & Belonging

16772: 16469: 16407: 16152:

The Canadian Dictionary of ASL Canadian Cultural Society of the Dead

15435:

McMurry, Peter H.; Shepherd, Marjorie F.; Vickery, James S. (2004).

12855: 12472:

Beyond Equalization: Examining Fiscal Transfers in a Broader Context

10148:. Biogeoscience Institute at the University of Calgary. p. 11. 9687: 7196:

Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada (January 1, 2016).

3829:. Canada has a long history of discovery in genetics, which include 3711:

In 2020, Canada spent approximately $ 41.9 billion on domestic

3026:

is the highest court, final arbiter, and has been led since 2017 by

2595:

which spans 11,570.65 square kilometres (4,467.45 sq mi).

1731:, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Canada assumed control of 1504: 24437:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

24298: 24181: 24171: 23990: 23489: 22761: 22628: 22458: 22393: 22353: 22348: 22333: 22283: 22278: 22263: 22253: 22243: 22091: 21917: 21856: 21826: 21801: 21572: 20810: 20154:

Scarce Heard Amid the Guns: An Inside Look at Canadian Peacekeeping

16551:

Researching Quality in Care Transitions: International Perspectives

14383:"One of the World's Dirtiest Oil Patches Is Pumping More Than Ever" 14024:

Shorrocks, Anthony; Davies, Jim; Lluberas, Rodrigo (October 2018).

12116:(4 ed.). University of Calgary Press. 2018. pp. 117–172. 10281:"Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Across Canada; Chapter 4" 8222: 7226:

Separate Beds: A History of Indian Hospitals in Canada, 1920s-1980s

6115:

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by

6078: 6070: 5895: 5784: 5697: 5630:

Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures, such as painter

5325: 5253: 4946: 4945:

countries, contributing to approximately 2.7 million cases of

4711:

are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories.

4320: 3870: 3759: 3608: 2931:

limits this to four years with a "fixed" election date in October;

2732: 2709: 2661: 2180: 1994: 1748: 1438: 1238:(First Nations, Inuit, Métis) by census division, according to the 1187: 1120: 863: 818: 693: 97: 20458:

Schooling in Transition: Readings in Canadian History of Education

17838: 14900: 13559: 11885:

O'Neal, Brian; Bédard, Michel; Spano, Sebastian (April 11, 2011).

11603: 11015:

Marland, Alex; Giasson, Thierry; Lees-Marshment, Jennifer (2012).

9967: 9119: 8571:"Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914" 8321:

The Territorial Factor: Political Geography in a Globalising World

8293: 7657:

The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy

5753:. Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC. The 4490:(accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by 3869:(ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the 2660:

At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively

2499:, with emissions increased by 16.5 percent between 1990 and 2022. 24191: 24146: 24121: 23675: 23384: 23002: 22955: 22894: 22818: 22772: 22633: 22605: 22493: 22388: 22373: 22338: 22323: 22308: 22096: 21951: 21861: 21841: 21720: 20866: 20830: 20800: 19554:

Butenko, Sergiy; Gil-Lafuente, Jaime; Pardalos, Panos M. (2010).

18777:

Taras, David; Bakardjieva, Maria; Pannekoek, Frits, eds. (2007).

18750:

Taras, David; Bakardjieva, Maria; Pannekoek, Frits, eds. (2007).

16149:

Bailey, Carole Sue; Dolby, Kathy; Campbell, Hilda Marian (2002).

15438:

Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment

14530:"Canada's oceans and the economic contribution of marine sectors" 14474: 12986:

James, Patrick (2006). Michaud, Nelson; O'Reilly, Marc J (eds.).

11579:

Battle Royal: Monarchists vs. Republicans and the Crown of Canada

11175:

Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada

10861:

Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada

10278: 8996:

Direct Democracy in Canada: The History and Future of Referendums

7944:

An Empire of Regions: A Brief History of Colonial British America

5939: 5903: 5899: 5829: 5708:. Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes 5377: 5349: 5245: 5137: 4816: 4790: 4399: 4388: 4354: 4252: 4234: 4218: 4200: 4166: 4098: 4082: 2645:

has been a distinguishing element of Canada's political culture.

2461: 2196: 2188: 2099: 1761: 1728: 1377: 1341: 1183: 814: 226: 198: 20054:

The World in Canada: Diaspora, Demography, and Domestic Politics

19302:

Acheson, Archibald Lloyd Keith; Maule, Christopher John (2009).

18780:

How Canadians Communicate II: Media, Globalization, and Identity

18753:

How Canadians Communicate II: Media, Globalization, and Identity

17718:

Johnson, Azeezat; Joseph-Salisbury, Remi; Kamunge, Beth (2018).

14695:

Proteins, Enzymes, Genes: The Interplay of Chemistry and Biology

14641: 14230:

Vodden, K; Cunsolo, A. (2021). Warren, F.J.; Lulham, N. (eds.).

13515:

Multicultural education policies in Canada and the United States

12959:"The Only Canadians: Canada's French and the British Connection" 11887:"Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers" 7281:"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action" 5692: 4961:, and diabetes—account for 65 percent of deaths in Canada. 3181:, rather than the monarch directly. The powers flowing from the 2712:

politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society.

24402:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

24273: 24186: 23449: 23349: 22992: 22848: 22680: 22498: 22483: 22478: 22403: 22343: 22313: 22273: 22258: 22248: 21929: 21876: 21866: 21806: 21763: 20840: 20524: 20519: 18743: 17775:

Political Culture and Constitutionalism: A Comparative Approach

17748:

Leviathan Transformed: Seven National States in the New Century

17317: 17219:

University of Toronto: An Architectural Tour (The Campus Guide)

16939: 15993:

Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario

15478: 12515:

Oliver, Peter; Macklem, Patrick; Des Rosiers, Nathalie (2017).

12442:

Doern, G. Bruce; Maslove, Allan M.; Prince, Michael J. (2013).

10415:"Introduction to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) 2017" 10311:

Unnatural Law: Rethinking Canadian Environmental Law and Policy

9312:

Roberts, Lance W.; Clifton, Rodney A.; Ferguson, Barry (2005).

8084:"Meeting Between Laura Secord and Lieut. Fitzgibbon, June 1813" 7853: 7511:

Cartier, Jacques; Biggar, Henry Percival; Cook, Ramsay (1993).

7454: 7314:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. May 31, 2015. 7088:

Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treaty-Making in Canada

6318:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Canada)" 6058: 5923: 5915: 5783:

and, for many years, served as an unofficial national anthem. "

5552:". The largest of these corporations is the country's national 5381: 5365: 5329: 5298: 4950: 4675: 4662:. Some of the most common non-official first languages include 4604:

Approximately 98 percent of Canadians can speak either or

4370: 4286: 4229: 4116: 3882: 3674: 3643: 3215: Countries that host a Canadian Embassy or High Commission 2328: 2283: 1602: 1550: 1202:

are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. The

806: 157: 20172:

Thomas Juneau; Philippe Lagassé; Srdjan Vucetic, eds. (2019).

20093:. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. 18770: 18333:

Warman's Coins And Paper Money: Identification and Price Guide

18138:

The Canadianization Movement: Emergence, Survival, and Success

17717: 17140:

Shanahan, Theresa; Nilson, Michelle; Broshko, Li Jeen (2016).

16948:"Overworked health workers are 'past the point of exhaustion'" 16073:"Indigenous Self-Determination: Is Canada as Good as it Gets?" 15486:"Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA)" 13371:"Peacekeeping: Canada's past, but not its present and future?" 12113:

Law, Politics, and the Judicial Process in Canada, 4th Edition

10543:

Raven, Peter H.; Berg, Linda R.; Hassenzahl, David M. (2012).

7654:

Kelley, Ninette; Trebilcock, Michael J. (September 30, 2010).

5459:

produced a series of children's novels beginning in 1908 with

3297:

in over 270 locations in approximately 180 foreign countries.

2270: 2029:, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. 1982:

and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to

22730: 22468: 22423: 22378: 22358: 22328: 22318: 22303: 22293: 22065: 21851: 20871: 19638: 19212:

Homan, Shane; Cloonan, Martin; Cattermole, Jen, eds. (2017).

19029:

Beauregard, Devin; Paquette, Jonathan, eds. (July 28, 2021).

18993:(2 ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 198–204. 15239:

The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population

13946: 12628:"Diplomatic Missions and Consular Posts Accredited to Canada" 12504:(2nd ed.). Queen's Printer for Saskatchewan. p. 14. 12072:. Emond Montgomery Publications. pp. 3–8, 683–687, 699. 11993:. Dundurn – University of Ottawa Faculty of Law. p. 13. 11178:(4th ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–23. 11141:

Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition

10864:(4th ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–23. 10169:

Etkin, David; Haque, CE; Brooks, Gregory R (April 30, 2003).

8885:

Great Canadian Battles: Heroism and Courage Through the Years

5576:

can include both regulation of content and public financing.

5548:, and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a " 5361: 5302: 5228:. The five flowers on the shield each represent an ethnicity— 3745:

has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world

3659:

Atlantic Canada possess vast offshore deposits of natural gas

3227: Countries that do not host Canadian diplomatic missions 2915:

in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an

2736: 2528:. These ecozones encompass over 80,000 classified species of 2379: 1216: 1124:

was conferred as the country's title. By the 1950s, the term

83: 18595:

Essential Novelists – L. M. Montgomery: Anne of Green Gables

17898:

Hollifield, James; Martin, Philip L.; Orrenius, Pia (2014).

17236: 17016: 16996:"Taking the pulse: A snapshot of Canadian health care, 2023" 16706:

An International Comparison of Financial Consumer Protection

16169: 16121: 15652: 15611:(4th ed.). Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 455–456. 15110: 15062: 14522: 11604:"The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities" 11014: 10673:

Mountain Area Research and Management: Integrated Approaches

10508:"Wild Species 2000: The General Status of Species in Canada" 10433:"Wild Species 2015: The General Status of Species in Canada" 10389: 8161:"The Irish Emigration of 1847 and Its Canadian Consequences" 7333: 6089:

model of Canadian politics leaves little room for ideology."

5779:", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout 5765:

honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements.

4980:

2021 report comparing the healthcare systems of the 11 most

3797:. Other major Canadian scientific contributions include the 2468:), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe 2350:

Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the

2226:

insurgency in Iraq in the mid-2010s. The country celebrated

24156: 22997: 22987: 22977: 22960: 22521: 22463: 22288: 21821: 19553: 18621:

Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape

17411:. Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. Archived from 17222:(2nd ed.). Princeton Architectural Press. p. 11. 17166: 16206:"Religiosity in Canada and its evolution from 1985 to 2019" 15671: 15669: 14843:"James Hillier, 91, Dies; Co-Developed Electron Microscope" 13488:

The United Nations In The Post-cold War Era, Second Edition

13480: 13478: 13450: 13448: 11964:. Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories. 2008. 11821:. Public Services and Procurement Canada. August 15, 2023. 10761:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. February 7, 2013. 8602:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 183–184. 8135:

Historical Atlas of Canada: The land transformed, 1800–1891

8076: 7626:

Cod: The Ecological History of the North Atlantic Fisheries

7483: 6815: 6240: 5927: 5532:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

5261: 4942: 4688:

Canada's federal government practises official bilingualism

2121:

with a series of bombings and kidnappings in 1970, and the

1751:

in July 1870. British Columbia and Vancouver Island (which

1715:

the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories

22200: 16679:

Capitalism Revisited: How to Apply Capitalism in Your Life

15402: 14649:"Canadarm, Canadarm2, and Canadarm3 – A comparative table" 13323: 12747:. Routledge handbooks. Taylor & Francis. p. 131. 11811: 10029:

Colonial Wars of North America, 1512–1763: An Encyclopedia

6030:

List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories

5946:

are also widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels.

5487:(CBC) satellite truck, used for live television broadcasts 4928:. Total health expenditure per capita in US dollars (PPP). 3538:

sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in

2167:

in 1985, the largest mass murder in Canadian history; the

2021:

to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a

1935:) in the 1940s and 1950s. On the advice of Prime Minister 1557:

1774, expanding Quebec's territory to the Great Lakes and

24412:

Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas

20578: 20549: 19560:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 42–44. 18776: 18749: 18304:

The Maple Leaf Forever: A Celebration of Canadian Symbols

17694:

Multiculturalism and Religious Identity: Canada and India

17112:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Children's Issues Worldwide

16918: 16353: 15205:

Hollifield, James; Martin, Philip; Orrenius, Pia (2014).

13362: 13094:. International Business Publications. 2015. p. 27. 12680: 11501:

The Crown in Canada: Present Realities and Future Options

10598:

Luckert, Martin K.; Haley, David; Hoberg, George (2012).

9539:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2000. Archived from 8677:

Jackson, Robert J.; Jackson, Doreen; Koop, Royce (2020).

7599:

Canada and Arctic North America: An Environmental History

7573:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

4985:

lack of healthcare professionals, and hospital capacity.

3252: 3243:

for its role in global affairs with a tendency to pursue

1549:) became a separate colony in 1769. To avert conflict in 1114:

was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the

1013: 738: 20206:. Canadian Essentials. McGill-Queen's University Press. 19189:. The Canadian Communications Foundation. Archived from 17904:(3rd ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 103. 17897: 17486: 15778: 15666: 15204: 13565: 13475: 13445: 12904:

Canada–US Relations: Sovereignty or Shared Institutions?

12894: 12514: 11938:. Intergovernmental Affairs Canada. 2010. Archived from 11540:(2nd ed.). Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 16. 10171:

An Assessment of Natural Hazards and Disasters in Canada

10145:

Cold Matters: The State and Fate of Canada's Fresh Water

9595:"Canadian Armed Forces operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina" 7250:

Kirmayer, Laurence J.; Guthrie, Gail Valaskakis (2009).

3685:, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, 3302:

member of various international organizations and forums

1437:

extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and

1368:. In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the 937:(English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is 882:, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the 797:

million people, the vast majority residing south of the

20571: 20559: 20126:

Made Modern: Science and Technology in Canadian History

19877:"Why Toronto should get excited about the Pan Am Games" 18810:. Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 18. 18391:

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17580:

Constitutional Politics in Canada and the United States

16768: 16766: 16548:

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16408:

Haskell (Wilfrid Laurier University), David M. (2009).

15719: 15541: 14621:

World Top 25,000 Companies by market cap as on Dec 2022

14283:

The American Challenge: The World Resists US Liberalism

14023: 13303:

Sobel, Richard; Shiraev, Eric; Shapiro, Robert (2002).

12292:

Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction

11936:"Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories" 11764:

Thinking government: public sector management in Canada

11494:"The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy?" 11389:"Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave" 11205:

Parties, Elections, and the Future of Canadian Politics

9108:. United Nations. pp. 14–16, 22–37. Archived from 7450: 7448: 4636: Sparsely populated area (< 0.4 persons per km) 3423:

and its participation in major peacekeeping initiatives

3321: 2201:

the darkest era in the history of the Canadian military

2199:, resulting in an incident that has been described as " 1609:), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. 1573:

After the successful American War of Independence, the

19508:

Lindsay, Peter; West, J. Thomas (September 30, 2016).

19333:

Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood

19211: 18721:

Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood

17891: 17088:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. 16330:

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15434: 14482:"The Atlas of Economic Complexity by @HarvardGrwthLab" 14317:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 569. 11767:(2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 9886:

Canada in Crisis: An Agenda for Survival of the Nation

9311: 9192:"Canada is celebrating 150 years of... what, exactly?" 8943:

Alliance and illusion: Canada and the world, 1945–1984

7547:

Historical Atlas of Canada: From the beginning to 1800

5875:. Other popular professional competitions include the 3793:, and discoveries about the interior structure of the 3326:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2759:, to carry out most of their ceremonial royal duties. 2309:

the world's largest land border with the United States

20554: 20359:

Francis, RD; Jones, Richard; Smith, Donald B (2009).

19557:

Optimal Strategies in Sports Economics and Management

19305:

Much Ado about Culture: North American Trade Disputes

19270: 18568:

From Page To Screen: Adaptations of the Classic Novel

17351:"Financial and human resources invested in Education" 17139: 17081: 15876: 15638:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 294–296. 15527: 15198: 14558:(Press release). Statistics Canada. January 27, 2023. 14263:"Expand globally with Canada's free trade agreements" 14093: 14091: 13279:

The Politics of Peacekeeping in the Post-cold War Era

12950: 12774: 12603:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 174–175. 11884: 11672:(6th ed.). Queen's Printer. pp. 1, 16, 26. 8656:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 258–259. 6786: 6784: 5312:

Other prominent symbols include the national motto, "

4642:

A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with

4533:

million people enumerated in 2021, approximately 25.4

4480:

ethnic or cultural origins self-reported by Canadians

2460:, where daily average temperatures are near −15 2044:(English and French) in 1969, and the institution of 2017:

The financial crisis of the Great Depression led the

17640:

Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire

17160: 16914: 16912: 16763: 16547: 16347: 16199: 16197: 15428: 14239:

Canada in a Changing Climate: National Issues Report

14198: 14196: 14185:. Statistics Canada. January 8, 2009. Archived from 13542:

Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire

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Dixon, John; P. Scheurell, Robert (March 17, 2016).

10915:

Political Thought in Canada: An Intellectual History

10888:

Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire

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Indigenous Difference and the Constitution of Canada

6069:"Brokerage politics: A Canadian term for successful 5992: 4682:(461,150), Italian (319,505), German (272,865), and 3693:

representing particularly important industries. The

3624:

Countries and territories with free-trade agreements

3503:

is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by

2382:

prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in

2278:

By total area (including its waters), Canada is the

1927:(CCF) in Saskatchewan introduced many elements of a 1537:

established First Nation treaty rights, created the

1268:, particularly for their role in assisting European 19835:

Economic Issues of Vancouver-Whistler 2010 Olympics

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Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook

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Canada Looks South: In Search of an Americas Policy

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9,984,670 km (3,855,100 sq mi) (

20555:Official website of the Governor General of Canada 20412: 20267:(6th ed.). Oxford University Press (Canada). 20245:Regional Geography of the United States and Canada 19970: 19330: 19028: 18718: 18043:Aboriginal Peoples of Canada: a short introduction 15880:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 15711:. Statistics Canada. July 25, 2008. Archived from 14088: 13703:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 13505: 13330:Gutiérrez-Haces, Maria Teresa (November 6, 2018). 13306:International Public Opinion and the Bosnia Crisis 13225:. National Defence. March 11, 2021. Archived from 13187:"Strong, Secure, Engaged: Canada's Defence Policy" 13030: 12441: 11907: 11634:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2004. pp. 54–55. 10718:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 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Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2022 16194: 15905:The Constitution of Canada: A Contextual Analysis 15800:"2021 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration" 14757:"2005 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award" 14193: 13333:Identity and Otherness in Canadian Foreign Policy 12655: 12653: 12622: 12620: 12153:Yates, Richard; Bain, Penny; Yates, Ruth (2000). 11245: 10938: 10397:"Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada" 8735: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8548:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 248. 8244:Evenden, Leonard J; Turbeville, Daniel E (1992). 8243: 7510: 7487:Conflict and Compromise: Pre-Confederation Canada 7202:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 3–7. 7132: 6790: 6440:Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names 5676:Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 5674:, known for her landscapes and portrayals of the 3841:, and the identification of the genes that cause 3652:Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements 3221: Interests section and other representations 2850:and chosen and headed by the prime minister, the 2246:attempted to assimilate Indigenous children into 2156:by a province would be unconstitutional, and the 2136:failed in 1990. This led to the formation of the 1182:are generally hypothesized to have migrated from 909:, who holds office by virtue of their ability to 24378: 20572:Canada's official website for travel and tourism 20344:(Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. 19062:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 229. 18301: 17817: 17751:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 146. 17697:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 237. 16903:"Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators by country" 16621:Government Relations in the Health Care Industry 16441:. University of Essex – Routledge. p. 219. 15852:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages 15504: 15153:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 181. 13599:(5th ed.). SAGE Publications. p. 210. 13463:(3). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 575–594. 13276:Sorenson, David S.; Wood, Pia Christina (2005). 13248:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 12775:Courtney, J.; Courtney, J.C.; Smith, D. (2010). 12518:The Oxford Handbook of the Canadian Constitution 12159:. Prentice Hall Allyn and Bacon Canada. p. 11914:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 116. 10168: 10099:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 124. 10078:. Natural Resources Canada. September 12, 2016. 9658:Israel's Armed Forces in Comparative Perspective 9318:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 415. 8794:Law, Politics and the Judicial Process in Canada 8767: 8765: 8303:. Natural Resources Canada. September 12, 2016. 7653: 7424: 6948:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 442. 6634:The Settlement of the Americas: A New Prehistory 6500:. J.C. Fisher & W. Kimble. 1841. p. 20. 5607:. Oil on canvas, 1916, in the collection of the 3821:technology, and the identification of the first 3735:in the worldwide share of articles published in 3642:(NAFTA) expanded the free-trade zone to include 3636:Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement 3389:deployed in multiple foreign military operations 2900:. While Canada inherited the British concept of 1721:Following three constitutional conferences, the 1577:recognized the independence of the newly formed 1043: 939:very highly ranked in international measurements 20415:Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History 19585:. Oxford University Press. pp. xxi–intro. 19162:The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music Policy 18962:Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 18122:"Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants" 17525:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 86. 17375: 17291: 17146:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 59. 17082:Montesinos, Vicente; Manuel Vela, José (2013). 16428: 16177:"Freedom of Religion - by Marlene Hilton Moore" 15970:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 49. 14512:"Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries" 14448: 14151:Harris, R. Cole; Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1987). 13329: 12877: 12468: 12020:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 41–42. 11231:"The baffling history of Canada's party system" 10830: 10807:Canadian Social Policy: Issues and Perspectives 10716:"Spotlight on Marine Protected Areas in Canada" 9791:"Canada's Policy to Confront the Islamic State" 9247: 8629:. University of Regina Press. pp. 99–104. 8595: 8188:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 99. 8132:Harris, Richard Colebrook; et al. (1987). 8104: 7752:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 55–56. 7749:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History 7746:Buckner, Phillip Alfred; Reid, John G. (1994). 7425:Johansen, Bruce E.; Pritzker, Barry M. (2007). 7249: 6863:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 25–27. 6856: 5755:Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences 4968:reported that healthcare spending reached $ 308 4558:million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 3779:Canada's developments in science and technology 2866:, senators, federal court judges, and heads of 2589:Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area 2518:Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada 1427:(in 1605) and Quebec City (in 1608). Among the 1141:fully under Canadian control, referred only to 1052:region used the word to direct French explorer 1018:multiple international organizations and forums 20175:Canadian Defence Policy in Theory and Practice 20087:Easterbrook, W.T.; Aitken, Hugh G. J. (2015). 19756:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 3. 19722: 19520: 19437: 18591: 18447:. BRILL. December 28, 2021. pp. 388–391. 18325: 18323: 18066: 17956:. Nanos Research. October 2016. Archived from 17870: 17262: 16438:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report 16299: 15604: 14150: 13887: 13532: 12990:. Lexington Books. pp. 213–214, 349–362. 12744:Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft 12693:. Societas. Neriton, Wydawnictwo. p. 39. 12650: 12617: 12448:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 1. 12255: 12190:. Kluwer Law International B.V. pp. 10–. 12152: 12096:. Supreme Court of Canada. 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University of Toronto Press. p. 1048. 6432: 6430: 6428: 6408:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 5757:presents Canada's music industry awards, the 5115:The official state policy of multiculturalism 4003: 3865:was launched. Canada is a participant in the 3528:minister of innovation, science, and industry 3289:, owing, in part, to its contribution to the 3104: 2747:. The monarch appoints a representative, the 2664:parties practising "brokerage politics": the 2448:Köppen climate classification types of Canada 2402:. There are also fresh-water glaciers in the 2236:hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered 1789:to assert authority over the territory. This 1685:. This paved the way for British colonies on 1095:. These two colonies were collectively named 449:9,093,507 km (3,511,023 sq mi) 24432:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 22701:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 22696:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 20550:Official website of the Government of Canada 20289:Malcolmson, Patrick; Myers, Richard (2009). 20123:Jones-Imhotep, Edward; Adcock, Tina (2018). 19776: 19301: 18571:. Manchester University Press. p. 197. 18461: 18067:Tettey, Wisdom; Puplampu, Korbla P. (2005). 17927:What Canadians Think About Almost Everything 17772:Franklin, Daniel P; Baun, Michael J (1995). 17771: 17601: 17495:"Where is the Monument to Multiculturalism?" 17173:. University of Toronto Press. p. 249. 16401: 16374: 16252:. University of Toronto Press. p. 345. 16048:Aboriginal education: fulfilling the promise 16045: 15804:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada 15343: 15341: 14990: 14279: 14257: 14255: 14202: 13845:. University of Toronto Press. p. 220. 13838: 13732:(20 ed.). Global Affairs Canada. 2021. 13426:. Environics Institute for Survey Research. 13275: 13241:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022" 12900: 12803:"Development Co-operation Profiles – Canada" 12686: 12600:The boundaries of the Canadian Confederation 12040: 11836:McWhinney, Edward Watson (October 8, 2019). 11710: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11359: 11288:Evans, Geoffrey; de Graaf, Nan Dirk (2013). 10942:Social Welfare in Developed Market Countries 9856:Brescia, Michael M.; Super, John C. (2009). 9855: 9568:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 9419:Betz, Hans-Georg; Immerfall, Stefan (1998). 9149:"Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982" 9067: 8914:Canada and the Liberation of the Netherlands 8318:Dijkink, Gertjan; Knippenberg, Hans (2001). 8111:. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 97–99. 7967: 7947:. University of Toronto Press. p. 331. 7312:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation 6791:Graber, Christoph Beat; Kuprecht, Karolina; 6742:. University of Toronto Press. p. 170. 6656: 6405:Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1991). 5191:Historically, Canada has been influenced by 5040: 3970:, such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. 3885:robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's 3669:. Canada is additionally one of the world's 3585:Since the early 20th century, the growth of 3343: 3291:Dutch liberation during the Second World War 3278: 3079: 2290:, due to having the world's largest area of 1889:and other major engagements of the war. The 22722:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 19507: 19464:Fame, Hockey Hall of (September 28, 1972). 18986: 18862:. University of Calgary Press. p. 37. 18783:. University of Calgary Press. p. 86. 18756:. University of Calgary Press. p. 87. 18501:. University of Toronto Press. p. 55. 18471:Studies in Contemporary Canadian Literature 18387: 18320: 18200:"Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol" 18168: 18166: 17325:"Canada Education spending, percent of GDP" 16203: 15441:. Cambridge University Press. p. 391. 15235: 15093: 15091: 14570:"Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates" 14374: 13888:Rotberg, Robert I.; Carment, David (2018). 13771: 13619: 13484: 13413: 13233: 13070:. University of Toronto Press. p. 91. 12542:Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, 12421:. University of Toronto Press. p. 81. 12376: 12067: 11908:Griffiths, Ann L.; Nerenberg, Karl (2003). 11446:The Selection of Ministers around the World 11201: 11144:. University of Toronto Press. p. 17. 11071:"Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics" 11000:. " Osgoode Hall Review of Law and Policy. 10918:. University of Toronto Press. p. 87. 10837:. University of Toronto Press. p. 56. 10698:"Algonquin Provincial Park Management Plan" 9907: 9862:. University of Toronto Press. p. 38. 9757: 9024:. University of Toronto Press. p. 57. 8902: 8797:. University of Calgary Press. p. 63. 8772:McGonigal, Richard Morton (1962). "Intro". 8472:The Barley and the Stream: The Molson Story 8431: 8429: 8246:"The Pacific Coast Borderland and Frontier" 8138:. University of Toronto Press. p. 21. 8105:Harrison, Trevor; Friesen, John W. (2010). 8062:. University of Toronto Press. p. 24. 7994: 7745: 7660:. University of Toronto Press. p. 27. 7550:. University of Toronto Press. p. 47. 7490:. University of Toronto Press. p. 19. 7457:"L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site" 7091:. University of Toronto Press. p. 34. 6968: 6690:. University of Toronto Press. p. 58. 6510: 6411:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 109. 6404: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6293:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population" 5313: 4926:Health expenditure and financing by country 4842:at 34.6 percent. Other faiths include 3411:(GDP) – placing it 14th for 3391:. The Canadian unified forces comprise the 2593:Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area 2534:endemic species compared to other countries 1799:Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies 1785:to regulate settlement and established the 1605:) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later 1190:and arrived at least 14,000 years ago. The 75: 24452:States and territories established in 1867 22753: 22739: 22193: 22179: 21756: 21742: 20665:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945) 20601: 20587: 20455:Burke, Sara Z.; Milewski, Patrice (2011). 20380:Taylor, Martin Brook; Owram, Doug (1994). 19973:The Unfinished Canadian: The People We Are 19697:. Government of Canada. 2013. p. 34. 19533:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. 19493:. Government of Canada. November 5, 2015. 19165:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 179. 19085:The Group of Seven – Art for a Nation 17472:"Canada – Student performance (PISA 2015)" 16945: 16664: 16624:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 81. 16434: 16320: 16306:. University of Toronto Press. p. 3. 15577: 14790:"Top ten Canadian scientific achievements" 14784: 14782: 14458:. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. 14157:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2. 14119: 13950:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 13908: 12965:(in French) (37). Consortium Erudit: 177. 12713: 11819:"Restoring and modernizing the West Block" 11793:"The Opposition in a Parliamentary System" 11701: 11518: 11160:in an effort to defuse potential tensions. 10647:"The Mountain Guide – Banff National Park" 10618: 10365:Canada, Climate Change (January 9, 2007). 10290:. Government of Canada. pp. 112–193. 10253: 9364: 9362: 7575:. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. 7355: 7297: 6715:. Douglas & Mcintyre. pp. 7, 13. 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6425: 6197:percent simply identified as "Christians". 6047: 5981:. The country is scheduled to co-host the 5289:. Canada's official tartan, known as the " 4010: 3996: 3697:is also a key contributor to the economy. 3671:largest suppliers of agricultural products 3566:and experiences a relatively low level of 3295:Canada has diplomatic and consular offices 3065:constitutionally recognized rights to land 2692:; the New Democratic Party (occupying the 2598: 2211:for any single military mission since the 2187:in the 1990s, including operations in the 1743:, where the Métis' grievances ignited the 1681:, extending the border westward along the 1419:along the Saint Lawrence. French explorer 1079:From the 16th to the early 18th century, " 851:in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three 24417:French-speaking countries and territories 20437:Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada 20384:(2 volumes). University of Toronto Press. 20220: 20110:Economic Survey of Canada - 11 March 2021 19328: 19018:. Government of Canada. January 14, 2020. 18935:Mullen, Carol A. (2020). 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Canada provided asylum for the 1805:", clearing the way for ethnic European 1708: 1629:impending American attack at Beaver Dams 1611: 1503: 1499: 1315: 1311: 1229: 1209:Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada 490: 467: 21137: 20043:Canada Year Book (CYB) annual 1867–1967 19723:Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2011). 19581:Morrow, Don; Wamsley, Kevin B. (2016). 19530:Hall of fame museums: a reference guide 19526: 19497:from the original on November 24, 2015. 19388: 19337:. University of Toronto Press. p. 19187:"The history of broadcasting in Canada" 18856:Beaty, Bart; Sullivan, Rebecca (2006). 18725:. University of Toronto Press. p. 18565:Giddings, Robert; Sheen, Erica (2000). 18521: 18467: 18388:R.G. Moyles, ed. (September 28, 1994). 18306:. The Boston Mills Press. p. iix. 18245: 18134: 18124:. The History Channel. August 25, 2005. 18039: 17925:Bricker, Darrell; Wright, John (2005). 17663: 17636: 17518: 17108: 17048: 16803:. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2017. 16759:. 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After two 1634:The Canadas were the main front in the 1234:A map of Canada showing the percent of 1204:characteristics of Indigenous societies 978:high nominal per capita income globally 24379: 22788:List of current non-sovereign monarchs 21561: 19907:from the original on January 14, 2021. 19864:. Canada Border Services Agency. 2015. 19749: 19453:from the original on December 3, 2013. 19159:Homan, Shane, ed. (January 13, 2022). 19032:Canadian Cultural Policy in Transition 18990:Canadian Studies in the New Millennium 18934: 18830: 18689: 18329: 18102:from the original on December 22, 2015 18073:. University of Calgary. p. 100. 17989:from the original on December 22, 2015 17744: 17670:. University of Calgary. p. 317. 17607: 17576: 17085:Innovations in Governmental Accounting 16519:. Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. 16465:. Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. 16360:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 672. 16300:Bramadat, Paul; Seljak, David (2009). 15990: 15963: 15901: 15788:. 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Infobase Publishing. pp. 2–12. 6660:World Prehistory: A Brief Introduction 6299:from the original on February 9, 2022. 6225:from the original on December 6, 2020. 6092: 6057:and 2,475 km (1,538 mi) via 6053:6,416 km (3,987 mi) via the 5820:Canada's official national sports are 4580:landed immigrant or permanent resident 3116:Canada is a federation composed of 10 2834:, the use of the executive powers (or 2140:in Quebec and the invigoration of the 1943:effective September 10, 1939, by King 1545:to Nova Scotia. St John's Island (now 1492:came under British rule with the 1713 1476:in 1610 along with settlements in the 1251:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 868:accretion of provinces and territories 23018: 22734: 22174: 21737: 21724: 21367:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations 20582: 20199: 19831: 19704:from the original on January 10, 2017 19664: 19658: 19632: 19599: 19457: 19441:; Potvin, Gilles (February 7, 2018). 19417:"Maple Cottage, Leslieville, Toronto" 19158: 19055: 18911:"Tom Thomson, The Jack Pine, 1916–17" 18666:Canadian Communication Policy and Law 18474:. Pinnacle Technology. pp. 8–9. 18356: 18266: 18218: 17690: 17614:Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies 17297: 16779:. Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 75. 16729: 16675: 16592: 16333:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 174. 16326: 16279:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 359. 16245: 16222:Law and Religious Pluralism in Canada 16155:. 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An image of the monarch appears on 5320:" ("From Sea to Sea"), the sports of 3648:Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement 3338:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2207:, resulting in the largest amount of 1827: 1797:resulted in the displacement of many 1306:missing and murdered Indigenous women 1173: 20534:Key Development Forecasts for Canada 20419:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 19777:Horne, John; Whannel, Garry (2016). 19463: 19082: 18959: 18498:Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada 18418:Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada 18336:. Krause Publications. p. 137. 17545: 17427: 16952:Canadian Medical Association Journal 16854:"Health resources - Health spending" 16832:"National Health Expenditure Trends" 16702: 16682:. 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Ontario Provincial Police. 2009. 12094:"Current and Former Chief Justices" 11738:Edwards, Peter (November 4, 2015). 11111:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction 10998:"Human Rights Protection in Canada" 10635:from the original on April 2, 2022. 10496:from the original on March 5, 2021. 10377:from the original on April 11, 2020 10346:from the original on March 21, 2022 10121:"Physical Components of Watersheds" 10082:from the original on June 21, 2021. 10058:Royal Canadian Geographical Society 10015:from the original on June 12, 2022. 9845:from the original on June 25, 2021. 9827:from the original on June 13, 2021. 9739:from the original on March 25, 2024 9729:"Canada in Afghanistan (2001-2014)" 9695:"Canada and the War in Afghanistan" 9636:from the original on March 12, 2024 9605:from the original on March 23, 2024 9593:Defence, National (July 25, 2016). 9505:"Report of Coroner's Investigation" 9396:Leblanc, Daniel (August 13, 2010). 8414:from the original on April 29, 2023 7974:. WestBow Press. pp. 101–102. 7893:British Journal of Canadian Studies 7406:from the original on April 13, 2021 7361: 7351:from the original on June 10, 2023. 7270: 7222: 7022: 6386:from the original on March 13, 2024 4866:(0.2 percent). Canada has the 4768:(LSQ) is used primarily in Quebec. 4666:(679,255 first-language speakers), 3781:include the creation of the modern 3758:robotic arm (left), referred to as 3640:North American Free Trade Agreement 3486:. It is one of the world's largest 3336:(OAS) in 1990. Canada ratified the 3086:Provinces and territories of Canada 2641:political ideology. An emphasis on 2542:environmental issues in the country 2240:Canadian Indian residential schools 2175:targeting female students; and the 2128:was elected in 1976, organizing an 2012: 1581:and set the terms of peace, ceding 955:relationship with the United States 755:ten provinces and three territories 13: 22783:List of current sovereign monarchs 21725: 20224:An Environmental History of Canada 19915: 18669:. Canadian Scholars. p. 199. 18252:. Camden House. pp. 113–114. 17363:from the original on March 8, 2014 16595:Medicare: Canada's Right to Health 15031:from the original on June 9, 2011. 14767:from the original on July 16, 2010 14637:. Statistics Canada. May 31, 2021. 14393:from the original on June 1, 2023. 13651:Diekmeyer, Peter (June 11, 2020). 13433:from the original on March 4, 2024 13350:from the original on March 4, 2024 12552:from the original on March 8, 2023 12418:Suburban Governance: A Global View 12268:. SAGE Publications. p. 995. 11848:from the original on May 29, 2023. 11471:"Constitution Act, 1867: Preamble" 11401:from the original on June 27, 2017 10256:"Canada's Changing Climate Report" 10243:from the original on May 18, 2015. 10233:Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 10127:. December 5, 2012. Archived from 9955:from the original on July 19, 2018 9675:from the original on March 4, 2024 9626:"Canadian Peacekeepers in Somalia" 9229:from the original on March 4, 2016 8573:. Canadian Museum of Immigration. 8568: 8492:from the original on June 14, 2011 8171:from the original on July 7, 2014. 7871:from the original on July 26, 2023 7623:Rose, George A (October 1, 2007). 6996:Laidlaw, Z.; Lester, Alan (2015). 6975:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 39. 6370:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 6273:from the original on June 22, 2024 5063:, which has over 85,000 students. 4741:and western Prince Edward Island. 4692:commissioner of official languages 4423:Ethnic origins of people in Canada 3570:. The country's average household 3015:in Ottawa, west of Parliament Hill 1916:, affirmed Canada's independence. 1910:independently of Britain, and the 1809:. This caused the collapse of the 1638:between the United States and the 1180:first inhabitants of North America 14: 24468: 22576:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 20513:to help reach a consensus. › 20477: 20263:Stanford, Quentin H, ed. (2008). 19875:Peterson, David (July 10, 2014). 19665:Press, Canadian (July 27, 2023). 19215:Popular Music and Cultural Policy 18525:Margaret Atwood: Works and Impact 18098:. The House of Commons Heritage. 17664:Guo, Shibao; Wong, Lloyd (2015). 17409:"Overview of Education in Canada" 17197:. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited 16505:. Statistics Canada. May 8, 2013. 16503:"Religions in Canada—Census 2011" 16357:The Dictionary of Human Geography 14492:from the original on May 20, 2023 14381:Monga, Vipal (January 13, 2022). 13762:. World Federation of Exchanges. 13677:"World Economic Outlook Database" 13282:. Psychology Press. p. 158. 13223:"About the Canadian Armed Forces" 12843:from the original on May 29, 2024 12813:from the original on May 28, 2024 11715:. Queen's Printer. Archived from 11420:Geddes, John (February 8, 2022). 10142:Sandford, Robert William (2012). 10072:"Physiographic Regions of Canada" 9984:from the original on May 20, 2023 9795:Canadian Global Affairs Institute 8185:Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada 7321:from the original on July 6, 2016 6917:. In Bailey, Garrick Alan (ed.). 6267:"Population estimates, quarterly" 5857:major professional sports leagues 5524:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 5485:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 4461:Latin, Central and South American 3853:, among numerous other diseases. 3330:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 3287:relationship with the Netherlands 3255:representing 0.37 percent of its 2984:, granted full autonomy, and the 2872:leader of the Official Opposition 2647:Peace, order, and good government 2546:800 species at risk of being lost 2360:Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands 1813:and the introduction of European 1695:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) 1650:-speaking Scots displaced by the 1236:self-reported indigenous identity 1099:until their union as the British 866:of four provinces. This began an 23301:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22419:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22150: 21993: 21892:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21703: 21702: 21690: 20248:(5th ed.). Waveland Press. 19926:Bibliography of Canadian history 19893: 19868: 19852: 19825: 19797: 19770: 19743: 19716: 19684: 19574: 19547: 19501: 19483: 19431: 19409: 19382: 19355: 19322: 19295: 19264: 19232: 19205: 19179: 19152: 19101: 19076: 19049: 19022: 19007: 18980: 18953: 18928: 18876: 18849: 18824: 18797: 18710: 18683: 18663:Bannerman, Sara (May 20, 2020). 18656: 18638: 18612: 18585: 18558: 18542: 18515: 18488: 18435: 18408: 18381: 18350: 18295: 18239: 18212: 18192: 18128: 18114: 18087: 18060: 18033: 18001: 17975: 17943: 17918: 17864: 17811: 17765: 17738: 17711: 17684: 17657: 17643:. Doubleday Canada. p. 14. 17630: 17570: 17539: 17512: 17464: 17447: 17401: 17343: 17209: 17187: 17133: 17102: 17075: 17061: 17049:Scholey, Lucy (April 21, 2015). 17042: 16895: 16878: 16824: 16807: 16793: 16745: 16723: 16696: 16638: 16611: 16593:Bégin, Monique (1988). "Intro". 16586: 16576:"Public vs. private health care" 16568: 16541: 16523: 16509: 16495: 16303:Religion and Ethnicity in Canada 16239: 16212: 16142: 16115: 16097: 16064: 16039: 16013: 15984: 15957: 15926: 15895: 15870: 15840: 15810: 15792: 15751: 15733: 15701: 15683: 15635:The Changing Canadian Population 15625: 15598: 15571: 15367: 15311: 15256: 15229: 15167: 15150:The Changing Canadian Population 15140: 15035: 15017: 14984: 14957: 14939: 14894: 14857: 14834: 14800: 14748: 14730: 14712: 14685: 14667: 14627: 14609: 14584: 14562: 14548: 14504: 14486:The Atlas of Economic Complexity 14424: 14397: 14356: 14331: 14304: 14273: 14223: 14175: 14144: 14113: 14062: 14040: 14017: 13987: 13940: 13881: 13832: 13806: 13752: 13691: 13669: 13644: 13613: 13586: 13572:. Lexington Books. p. 177. 13485:Mingst, K.; Karns, M.P. (2019). 13421:"Canada's Current Role in World" 13296: 13269: 13215: 13197: 13179: 13161: 13084: 13057: 13004: 12979: 12921: 12707: 12590: 12563: 12535: 12508: 12493: 12462: 12435: 12408: 12345: 12282: 12229: 12204: 12177: 12146: 12086: 12061: 12034: 12007: 11980: 11954: 11928: 11901: 11878: 11852: 11829: 11785: 11754: 11731: 11622: 11596: 11569: 11492:Smith, David E (June 10, 2010). 11485: 11463: 11436: 11413: 11380: 11353: 11335: 11308: 11281: 11222: 11195: 11165: 11131: 11101: 11062: 11035: 11008: 10986: 10959: 10932: 10905: 10891:. Doubleday Canada. p. 14. 10878: 10851: 10824: 10797: 10769: 10751: 10726: 10708: 10690: 10663: 10639: 10591: 10563: 10536: 10518: 10500: 10482: 10456: 10425: 10407: 10328: 10301: 10288:Canada's Changing Climate Report 10247: 10221: 10191: 10162: 10135: 10113: 10086: 10064: 10046: 10019: 9996: 9941: 9921:McColl, R. W. (September 2005). 9876: 9849: 9831: 9821:"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)" 9813: 9782: 9751: 9624:Foot, Richard (August 2, 2019). 9555: 9529: 9496: 9470: 9443: 9412: 9389: 9341:Terrorism and Political Violence 9332: 9305: 9270: 9241: 9202: 9183: 9159: 9141: 9090: 9061: 9038: 9013: 8986: 8966:Alfred Buckner, Phillip (2008). 8704:Tennyson, Brian Douglas (2014). 8680:Canadian Government and Politics 6472:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples 6122: 6025:Index of Canada-related articles 6009: 5995: 5949:Canada has enjoyed success both 5125:of regional ethnic subcultures. 5105:by Francesco Pirelli, in Toronto 5059:. The largest university is the 4840:irreligion or having no religion 4760:, some of which are Indigenous. 4620: English and French – 16% ( 4562:million; 4.7 percent), and 3707:Science and technology in Canada 3681:of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, 2802: 2784: 2766: 2552:is considered to be the largest 2544:, there are currently more than 2497:greenhouse gas emitters globally 2230:in 2017, three years before the 2036:, marked by the adoption of the 1859: 1847: 957:has had a significant impact on 884:Parliament of the United Kingdom 666: 665: 640: 618: 617: 592: 591: 559: 558: 537: 536: 489: 466: 145: 126: 102: 55: 41: 22778:Imperial, royal and noble ranks 20725:Former colonies and territories 20461:. University of Toronto Press. 19729:. Scarecrow Press. p. 71. 19641:"Sports: More than just a game" 19491:"National Sports of Canada Act" 19447:Encyclopedia of Music in Canada 19240:"IFPI Global Music Report 2023" 19112:. Firefly Books. pp. 8–9. 18394:. Broadview Press. p. 15. 18225:. Scarecrow Press. p. 71. 18222:Historical Dictionary of Canada 18141:. University of Toronto Press. 17873:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 17805:McGill-Queen's University Press 17637:McQuaig, Linda (June 4, 2010). 17519:LaSelva, Samuel Victor (1996). 15854:. June 16, 2009. Archived from 15324:. Fraser Institute. p. 5. 15292:Kim, Soo-Jung (June 14, 2023). 15118:"Canada's population reaches 40 14949:. Canadian Space Agency. 2016. 14404:Lopez-Vallejo, Marcela (2016). 13309:. Lexington Books. p. 21. 12957:Morrison, Katherine L. (2008). 12901:Carment, D.; Sands, C. (2019). 12687:Gabryś, M.; Soroka, T. (2017). 12265:Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement 12213:An introduction to Canadian law 12184:Hermida, Julian (May 9, 2018). 11666:How Canadians Govern Themselves 11362:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10676:. Earthscan. pp. 217–218. 10254:Bush, E.; Lemmen, D.S. (2019). 10003:Chase, Steven (June 10, 2022). 9924:Encyclopedia of World Geography 9383:10.1016/j.electstud.2003.10.003 8959: 8934: 8875: 8848: 8811: 8784: 8697: 8670: 8643: 8623:Daschuk, James William (2013). 8616: 8589: 8562: 8535: 8504: 8478: 8463: 8396: 8371: 8355:Michigan State University Press 8342: 8311: 8270: 8237: 8202: 8175: 8152: 8125: 8098: 8049: 8019: 7988: 7961: 7934: 7912: 7883: 7822: 7795: 7779:University Press of New England 7766: 7739: 7712: 7674: 7647: 7616: 7589: 7564: 7537: 7504: 7418: 7387: 7243: 7159: 7078: 7047: 7016: 6989: 6969:True Peters, Stephanie (2005). 6962: 6935: 6919:Indians in Contemporary Society 6906: 6877: 6763:Sonneborn, Liz (January 2007). 6756: 6729: 6704: 6677: 6650: 6625: 6533: 6504: 6490: 6461: 5873:National Basketball Association 5867:teams, and one team in each of 5146:outlawing of capital punishment 4974:health-care systems in the OECD 3916: 3851:early-onset Alzheimer's disease 3646:in 1994 (later replaced by the 3413:military expenditure by country 3334:Organization of American States 3076:, and exemption from taxation. 2978:British North America Act, 1867 2885:in its temporary location, the 2838:) is otherwise directed by the 2502: 2452:Average winter and summer high 2040:in 1965, the implementation of 1875:Canada into the First World War 1724:British North America Act, 1867 1541:out of New France, and annexed 1523:Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1260:Although not without conflict, 22760: 22646:British Indian Ocean Territory 22555:Australian Antarctic Territory 20660:Post-Confederation (1867–1914) 20310:Morton, Frederick Lee (2002). 20145:Foreign relations and military 19365:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound 18883:Krikorian, Jacqueline (2012). 18360:Canadian Literature in English 17985:. Government of Canada. 2011. 17216:Richards, Larry Wayne (2019). 17195:"QS World University Rankings" 16597:. Optimum Pub. International. 16554:. Springer. pp. 128–129. 15269:million immigrants in 2022–24" 12863:"Canada and the United States" 12319:Patterson, Lisa Lynne (2004). 12211:Sworden, Philip James (2006). 11582:. Dundurn Press. p. 196. 11387:Taub, Amanda (June 27, 2017). 11069:Cochrane, Christopher (2010). 10510:. Conservation Council. 2001. 10229:"Regina International Airport" 10096:The surface climates of Canada 9859:North America: An Introduction 9823:. Government of Canada. 2021. 8999:. Dundurn Press. p. 119. 8945:. UBC Press. pp. 11, 31. 8791:Morton, Frederick Lee (2002). 8710:. Scarecrow Press. p. 4. 8248:. In Janelle, Donald G (ed.). 7919:Hopkins, John Castell (1898). 7515:The Voyages of Jacques Cartier 7431:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 727–728. 6915:"Native Populations of Canada" 6713:Canada: An Illustrated History 6398: 6340: 6285: 6259: 6229: 6211: 5926:or basketball. Sports such as 5583: 5453:Academy Award for Best Picture 5057:University of British Columbia 4826:According to the 2021 census, 4674:(553,380), Spanish (538,870), 3370:McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet 3120:, called provinces, and three 3102:10 provinces and 3 territories 2822:The monarchy is the source of 2489:air pollution from both Canada 1811:Plains Bison in western Canada 1411:, as the first North American 1360:explored and claimed Canada's 1060:. Cartier later used the word 1006:its foreign relations policies 996:, Canada's strong support for 986:its abundant natural resources 504:4.2/km (10.9/sq mi) ( 1: 24392:1867 establishments in Canada 20498: 20434:Thompson, Valerie D. (2015). 20362:Journeys: A History of Canada 19995:A History of Canadian Culture 19750:Howell, Paul Charles (2009). 18807:Cultural Regulation in Canada 18522:Nischik, Reingard M. (2000). 18246:Nischik, Reingard M. (2008). 18009:"Focus Canada (Final Report)" 17885:10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033 17608:Conway, Shannon (June 2018). 16075:. In Hocking, Barbara (ed.). 15741:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 15584:. Routledge. pp. 48–49. 15378:. In Moens, Alexander (ed.). 15353:. OECD. 2014. pp. 142–. 13147:"RCAF 2014 Demo Jet revealed" 13043:. Dundurn Press. p. 10. 12944:10.1016/S0030-4387(03)00072-3 12597:Nicholson, Norman L. (1979). 12156:Introduction to Law in Canada 11911:Handbook of Federal Countries 11860:"About Elections and Ridings" 11374:10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033 11018:Political Marketing in Canada 10912:Fierlbeck, Katherine (2006). 10314:. UBC Press. pp. 67–69. 9256:. pp. 250–254, 344–347. 9219:Canadian Parliamentary Review 8969:Canada and the British Empire 8279:"The Alaska Boundary Dispute" 7781:. pp. 14, 18–19, 22–23. 7463:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 27, 82. 6913:O'Donnell, C. Vivian (2008). 6604:Canada and the British Empire 6601:Buckner, Philip, ed. (2008). 6204: 5528:National Film Board of Canada 5503:, and very regionalized. The 5399: 5224:on the Canadian parliament's 4806:Freedom of religion in Canada 3679:country is a leading exporter 3654:with 51 different countries. 3548:Global Competitiveness Report 3208:Diplomatic missions of Canada 3074:Indian Health Transfer Policy 3055:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2858:of members in the House. The 2653:, are founding principles of 2619:Canadian Parliament Buildings 2562:eight distinct forest regions 2416:Canada is geologically active 2341:Canadian Forces Station Alert 2286:. By land area alone, Canada 2205:troops to Afghanistan in 2001 2185:several peacekeeping missions 2115:Front de libération du Québec 1941:war with Germany was declared 1815:cattle farms and wheat fields 1320:Map of territorial claims in 1282:friendship and peace treaties 1255:transfer of European diseases 849:its colonies in North America 779:border with the United States 22793:List of monarchy referendums 22138:United States Virgin Islands 20440:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 20341:Canada: A Story of Challenge 19977:. McClelland & Stewart. 19944:. McClelland & Stewart. 19903:. BBC Sport. June 13, 2018. 19421:Institute for Canadian Music 18528:. Camden House. p. 46. 16801:"How Healthy are Canadians?" 16381:Punnett, Betty Jane (2015). 15848:"Official Languages and You" 15384:. Fraser Institute. p. 15042:Godefroy, Andrew B. (2017). 15027:. Newswire. March 11, 2010. 12500:Jackson, Michael D. (1990). 12389:. Natural Resources Canada. 12384:"Canada Political Divisions" 12352:Madison, Gary Brent (2000). 8742:A military history of Canada 8351:History of Canada Since 1867 7861:"The Death of General Wolfe" 7692:University of Michigan Press 7062:University of Nebraska Press 7029:. Key Porter Books. p. 6632:Dillehay, Thomas D. (2008). 5850:Canada's Sports Hall of Fame 5384:, the Arms of Canada on the 5144:to redistribute wealth, the 5102:Monument to Multiculturalism 4988: 4589: 4570:million; 4.3 percent). 4416: 3976:Quebec City–Windsor Corridor 3799:artificial cardiac pacemaker 3770:robotic arm, referred to as 3544:Corruption Perceptions Index 3419:Canada's role in developing 3263:Canada and the United States 3124:. These may be grouped into 3004:for a period of five years. 2982:Statute of Westminster, 1931 2678:Conservative Party of Canada 2424:potentially active volcanoes 2253: 2169:École Polytechnique massacre 1913:Statute of Westminster, 1931 1791:period of westward expansion 1165:Timeline of Canadian history 1023: 1014:aid for developing countries 1004:has been closely related to 990:international trade networks 953:. Canada's long and complex 873:Statute of Westminster, 1931 791:a sparsely inhabited country 385:Statute of Westminster, 1931 7: 22640:British Antarctic Territory 22549:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 20705:Crown and Indigenous people 20338:Careless, J. M. S. (2012). 20265:Canadian Oxford World Atlas 19998:. Oxford University Press. 19992:Vance, Jonathan F. (2011). 19527:Danilov, Victor J. (1997). 17951:"Exploring Canadian values" 17577:Newman, Stephen L. (2012). 16225:. UBC Press. pp. 1–4. 16181:McMurtry Gardens of Justice 16128:. De Gruyter. p. 702. 15318:Grubel, Herbert G. (2009). 14947:"Canadian Space Milestones" 14311:Krieger, Joel, ed. (2001). 13995:"Index of Economic Freedom" 13816:. Statistics Canada. 2014. 13681:International Monetary Fund 13369:Carroll, Michael K (2016). 13205:"Canadian Armed Forces 101" 12666:. UBC Press. pp. 2–5. 12070:Canadian Constitutional Law 11507:. p. 6. Archived from 10784:Economist Intelligence Unit 9883:Battram, Robert A. (2010). 9841:. CTV News. June 25, 2021. 9167:"A statute worth 75 cheers" 9106:Social Policy Series, No. 1 8404:"Railway History in Canada" 8159:Gallagher, John A. (1936). 8056:McNairn, Jeffrey L (2000). 8035:. Touchstone. p. 117. 7773:Hornsby, Stephen J (2005). 7544:Kerr, Donald Peter (1987). 6942:Marshall, Ingeborg (1998). 6636:. Basic Books. p. 61. 6445:University of Toronto Press 6326:International Monetary Fund 5988: 5979:2015 Parapan American Games 5971:2015 FIFA Women's World Cup 5894:In terms of participation, 5763:Canadian Music Hall of Fame 5625:Canada Council for the Arts 5307:those of the United Kingdom 5080:homeschooled in the country 4938:chief public health officer 4890:publicly funded health care 4771: 3867:International Space Station 3766:over to the Canadian-built 3253:aid to developing countries 3199:Foreign relations of Canada 3179:King in his federal Council 2846:responsible to the elected 2739:monarch is also monarch of 2536:, due to human activities, 2232:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 1937:William Lyon Mackenzie King 1891:Conscription Crisis of 1917 1717:since Confederation in 1867 1705:Confederation and expansion 1266:European colonies in Canada 10: 24473: 24397:Countries in North America 21923:San Andrés and Providencia 21765:Countries and dependencies 21595:Provincial and territorial 21518:Inventions and discoveries 20655:British Canada (1763–1867) 20608: 20046:. Statistics Canada. 2008. 19919: 19783:. Routledge. p. 157. 19780:Understanding the Olympics 19583:Sport in Canada: A History 19368:. Routledge. p. 324. 19056:McKay, Marylin J. (2011). 18889:. UBC Press. p. 188. 18804:Globerman, Steven (1983). 17724:. Zed Books. p. 148. 17117:Greenwood Publishing Group 16387:. Routledge. p. 116. 16273:Roberts, Lance W. (2005). 16249:The Religions of Canadians 14964:Angelo, Joseph A. (2009). 13871:Transparency International 13171:. National Defence. 2024. 12741:McKercher, B.J.C. (2012). 12360:University of Ottawa Press 11315:Johnston, Richard (2017). 11208:. UBC Press. p. 300. 11021:. UBC Press. p. 257. 10629:"Canada's conserved areas" 10367:"Greenhouse gas emissions" 10177:. pp. 569, 582, 583. 9630:thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 9503:Sourour, Teresa K (1991). 8993:Boyer, J. Patrick (1996). 8882:Humphreys, Edward (2013). 8326:Amsterdam University Press 8252:. Guilford Press. p. 7865:National Gallery of Canada 7054:Preston, David L. (2009). 6890:Cambridge University Press 6663:. Routledge. p. 124. 6546:. I.B.Tauris. p. 49. 5794: 5706:variety of regional scenes 5704:Canadian music reflects a 5685: 5609:National Gallery of Canada 5587: 5472: 5403: 5396:and the obverse of coins. 5209:National symbols of Canada 5206: 5202: 5089: 5085: 4999:Higher education in Canada 4992: 4953:(leading cause of death), 4881: 4821:religion to be unimportant 4775: 4747:Indigenous language groups 4690:, which is applied by the 4593: 4433:ethnic or cultural origins 4420: 3988: 3920: 3704: 3458:Toronto financial district 3445: 3441: 3360:Military history of Canada 3357: 3347: 3267:ties to the United Kingdom 3239:Canada is recognized as a 3196: 3089: 3083: 2961: 2796:Governor General of Canada 2625:Canada is described as a " 2602: 2560:, Canada has consisted of 2506: 2454:temperatures across Canada 2433: 2429: 2390:, and the relatively flat 2263: 2257: 2183:in 1990 and was active in 1921:Great Depression in Canada 1623:warning British commander 1599:Constitutional Act of 1791 1535:Royal Proclamation of 1763 1514:The Death of General Wolfe 1480:to the south. A series of 1162: 1156: 1152: 1083:" referred to the part of 1027: 18: 24205: 24114: 23828: 23591: 23525: 23337: 23328: 23224: 23206: 23138: 23053: 23011: 22943: 22857: 22801: 22768: 22718: 22614: 22589: 22539: 22530: 22507: 22212: 22146: 22125: 22084: 22058: 22027: 22011: 22002: 21991: 21910: 21784: 21775: 21731: 21684: 21648: 21622: 21473: 21389: 21359: 21311: 21302: 21203: 21041: 20977: 20893: 20884: 20854: 20821:Newfoundland and Labrador 20793: 20782: 20688: 20625: 20616: 20203:Canada and Climate Change 20194:Geography and environment 20090:Canadian Economic History 20035:Demography and statistics 19941:The Canadian Encyclopedia 19838:. Pearson Prentice Hall. 19514:The Canadian Encyclopedia 19510:"Canadian Sports History" 19138:The Canadian Encyclopedia 18859:Canadian Television Today 18835:. Fernwood. p. 111. 18135:Cormier, Jeffrey (2004). 17745:Caplow, Theodore (2001). 17455:"PISA – Results in Focus" 16886:"Health at a Glance 2017" 16815:"Health at a Glance 2019" 16531:"Sikh Heritage Month Act" 16481:The Canadian Encyclopedia 16071:Russell, Peter H (2005). 16050:. UBC Press. p. 39. 15695:The Canadian Encyclopedia 15213:Stanford University Press 15174:Zimmerman, Karla (2008). 14410:. Routledge. p. 82. 14338:Brown, Charles E (2002). 14138:10.11575/sppp.v14i1.72311 14070:"Prices - Housing prices" 13778:Watts, George S. (1993). 13726:"U.S.-Canada Trade Facts" 13658:The Canadian Encyclopedia 13596:Cities in a World Economy 13518:. UBC Press. p. 23. 13469:10.1017/s0008423919000040 13169:"Current operations list" 12884:Nord, D.C.; Weller, G.R. 12867:The Canadian Encyclopedia 12576:. UBC Press. p. 75. 11990:The Canadian Constitution 11862:. Library of Parliament. 11842:The Canadian Encyclopedia 11087:10.1017/S0008423910000624 10945:. Routledge. p. 48. 10670:Price, Martin F. (2013). 9699:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9450:Schmid, Carol L. (2001). 9353:10.1080/09546550902765623 9209:Trepanier, Peter (2004). 8941:Bothwell, Robert (2007). 8818:Bryce, Robert B. (1986). 8650:Hall, David John (2015). 8470:Denison, Merrill (1955). 8408:The Canadian Encyclopedia 8349:Bothwell, Robert (1996). 8283:The Canadian Encyclopedia 7998:Native American Movements 7808:. ABC-CLIO. p. 160. 7725:. ABC-CLIO. p. 394. 7400:The Canadian Encyclopedia 7172:. UBC Press. p. 28. 7002:. Springer. p. 150. 6972:Smallpox in the New World 6860:Dying and Death in Canada 6736:Macklem, Patrick (2001). 6468:Magocsi, Paul R. (1999). 6117:Canada's nationality laws 5790: 5775:", was written in 1812. " 5769:Patriotic music in Canada 5696:Original publication of " 5447:, which was adapted as a 5041: 5015:, funded and overseen by 4877: 4453:North American Indigenous 3835:site-directed mutagenesis 3805:, the development of the 3789:, the development of the 3580:foreign direct investment 3564:Index of Economic Freedom 3344:Military and peacekeeping 3080:Provinces and territories 2585:Algonquin Provincial Park 2343:, on the northern tip of 2337:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2302:to the north, and to the 2238:near the former sites of 2046:official multiculturalism 1881:later became part of the 1877:. Volunteers sent to the 1838:Canadian War bond posters 1787:North-West Mounted Police 1661:resulted in the abortive 1595:Saint John, New Brunswick 1290:reconciliation commission 876:, and culminating in the 859:, Canada was formed as a 775:world's longest coastline 732: 713: 700: 685: 655: 630: 611: 585: 571: 552: 530: 512: 498: 479: 460: 453: 443: 433: 419: 412: 408: 395: 380: 367: 363: 352: 337: 322: 312: 308: 293: 276: 261: 257: 237: 225: 204: 194: 153: 144: 92: 71: 37: 30: 22930:Self-proclaimed monarchy 22706:Turks and Caicos Islands 22157:North America portal 22117:Turks and Caicos Islands 20511:templates for discussion 20221:MacDowell, L.S. (2012). 19938:Marsh, James H. (1999). 19362:Hoffmann, Frank (2004). 19329:Edwardson, Ryan (2008). 19083:Hill, Charles C (1995). 18717:Edwardson, Ryan (2008). 18693:The Mass Media in Canada 18495:New, William H. (2012). 18415:New, William H. (2002). 18330:Berman, Allen G (2008). 18219:Gough, Barry M. (2010). 18094:Monaghan, David (2013). 18040:Magocsi, Paul R (2002). 17460:. OECD. 2015. p. 5. 17109:Epstein, Irving (2008). 16709:. Springer. p. 93. 16676:Kroll, David J. (2012). 16246:Scott, Jamie S. (2012). 16081:Aboriginal Studies Press 15964:Hayday, Matthew (2005). 15048:. Springer. p. 41. 14755:Strauss, Evelyn (2005). 14241:. Government of Canada. 14183:"Employment by Industry" 13768:as of November 2018 13745:October 3, 2019, at the 13387:10.1177/0020702015619857 12570:Meligrana, John (2004). 12545:Role of the Commissioner 11108:Brooks, Stephen (2004). 10966:Boughey, Janina (2017). 10604:. UBC Press. p. 1. 10575:Natural Resources Canada 10571:National Atlas of Canada 10340:www.climatewatchdata.org 9291:10.1163/157181108X332659 8778:Harvard University Press 8746:McClelland & Stewart 8740:Morton, Desmond (1999). 8357:. pp. 31, 207–310. 7802:Nolan, Cathal J (2008). 7602:. ABC-CLIO. p. 49. 7256:. UBC Press. p. 9. 6687:Circumpolar Health Atlas 6040: 5881:National Lacrosse League 5877:Canadian Football League 5681: 5468: 5388:, and the beaver on the 5037:post-secondary education 4949:. Four chronic diseases— 4862:(0.9 percent), and 4537:million reported being " 4522:(3.7 percent), and 4431:self-reported over 450 " 3927:List of cities in Canada 3713:research and development 3677:, and other grains. The 3667:third- or fourth-largest 3401:Royal Canadian Air Force 3374:CF-18 Demonstration Team 3314:World Trade Organization 3187:constitutional amendment 2906:the supremacy of the law 2814:Prime Minister of Canada 2719:within the context of a 2485:climate change in Canada 2440:Climate change in Canada 2019:Dominion of Newfoundland 1960:Allied invasion of Italy 1777:Canadian Pacific Railway 1445:, while fur traders and 1441:settled the present-day 1324:by 1750. Possessions of 1278:North American fur trade 1169:Historiography of Canada 949:nations, the product of 917:and is appointed by the 769:, making it the world's 16:Country in North America 23198:Vatican City (Holy See) 22566:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 22206:Commonwealth of Nations 22050:St. Pierre and Miquelon 20755:Persons of significance 20750:National Historic Sites 19808:session, August 5, 2005 19108:Newlands, Anne (1996). 18468:Dominic, K. V. (2010). 17850:Ministère de la Justice 17820:Canadian Ethnic Studies 17383:"Education at a Glance" 16703:Chen, Tsai-Jyh (2018). 15991:Heller, Monica (2003). 15902:Webber, Jeremy (2015). 15374:Custred, Glynn (2008). 14692:Fruton, Joseph (1999). 13999:The Heritage Foundation 13730:Canada's State of Trade 13628:Oxford University Press 13593:Sassen, Saskia (2018). 13539:McQuaig, Linda (2010). 13117:"Human rights treaties" 13064:McKenna, Peter (2012). 13037:Wilson, G.A.A. (2012). 12660:Chapnick, Adam (2011). 12262:Sullivan, L.E. (2005). 11761:Johnson, David (2006). 11576:Johnson, David (2018). 11343:"Election 2015 roundup" 11172:Johnson, David (2016). 10858:Johnson, David (2016). 10490:"COSEWIC Annual Report" 10199:"Statistics, Regina SK" 9789:Juneau, Thomas (2015). 9131:Ministère de la Justice 8912:Goddard, Lance (2005). 8486:"Sir John A. Macdonald" 8380:The Red River Rebellion 8301:"Territorial Evolution" 7345:Ministère de la Justice 7023:Ray, Arthur J. (2005). 6609:Oxford University Press 6511:O'Toole, Roger (2009). 5975:2015 Pan American Games 5885:Canadian Premier League 5726:performing arts centres 5550:handful of corporations 5119:French Canadian culture 4955:cardiovascular diseases 4864:Indigenous spirituality 4756:Canada is home to many 4606:both English and French 3560:The Heritage Foundation 3552:Global Innovation Index 3436:operations through NATO 3308:in 1945 and formed the 3275:Commonwealth of Nations 3061:Canadian Aboriginal law 3032:Chief Justice of Canada 3024:Supreme Court of Canada 3013:Supreme Court of Canada 2947:Provincial legislatures 2902:parliamentary supremacy 2860:Prime Minister's Office 2721:constitutional monarchy 2670:Liberal Party of Canada 2629:", with a tradition of 2599:Government and politics 2550:boreal forest of Canada 2524:Canada is divided into 2384:northern Arctic regions 2319:) to the northeast, on 2298:in the east, along the 2130:unsuccessful referendum 1978:while that country was 1737:North-Western Territory 1691:British Columbia (1858) 1687:Vancouver Island (1849) 1679:Oregon boundary dispute 1409:St John's, Newfoundland 1352:on the northern tip of 1194:archeological sites at 1044: 984:, relying chiefly upon 951:large-scale immigration 895:constitutional monarchy 891:parliamentary democracy 841:various armed conflicts 765:and northward into the 462:• 2024 Q2 estimate 252:constitutional monarchy 205:Official languages 21:Canada (disambiguation) 23480:Islands of Refreshment 22910:Legitimacy (political) 22651:British Virgin Islands 22102:British Virgin Islands 20650:New France (1534–1763) 20411:Finkel, Alvin (2006). 20073:Canada Year Book, 2012 19922:Bibliography of Canada 19832:Fromm, Zuzana (2006). 19389:Jortner, Adam (2011). 18831:Steven, Peter (2011). 17778:. Sharpe. p. 61. 16219:Moon, Richard (2008). 16021:"Aboriginal languages" 15410:"World Bank Open Data" 15265:"Canada to take in 1.3 14340:World Energy Resources 14209:. Wiley. p. 496. 14052:OECD Better Life Index 14026:"Global Wealth Report" 13653:"Capitalism in Canada" 12289:Reynolds, Jim (2015). 12187:Criminal Law in Canada 12014:Olive, Andrea (2015). 11274:10.3390/socsci10120485 11138:Smith, Miriam (2014). 10777:"2021 Democracy Index" 10464:"Canada: Main Details" 10308:Boyd, David R (2011). 10239:. September 25, 2013. 9701:. September 11, 2001. 8869:10.2202/1932-0183.1084 8542:Hele, Karl S. (2013). 8382:. Watson & Dwyer. 8211:Law and History Review 7362:Chapman, Frederick T. 7166:Asch, Michael (1997). 6519:. Brill. p. 137. 6437:Rayburn, Alan (2001). 5955:at the Summer Olympics 5951:at the Winter Olympics 5902:(33 percent) and 5861:National Hockey League 5855:Canada shares several 5817: 5777:The Maple Leaf Forever 5701: 5662:and commercial artist 5612: 5488: 5441:, who wrote the novel 5314: 5269: 5213:Canadian royal symbols 5106: 5008: 4929: 4798:Constitution of Canada 4793: 4762:American Sign Language 4704:Official Languages Act 4639: 4483: 3939: 3923:Demographics of Canada 3775: 3701:Science and technology 3627: 3587:Canada's manufacturing 3542:. It ranks low in the 3501:Toronto Stock Exchange 3461: 3409:gross domestic product 3376: 3279: 3236: 3183:Constitution Act, 1867 3171:Constitution Act, 1867 3113: 3016: 2998:notwithstanding clause 2986:Constitution Act, 1982 2974:Constitution Act, 1867 2970:Constitution of Canada 2957: 2922:Constitution Act, 1982 2889: 2844:ministers of the Crown 2651:Implied Bill of Rights 2622: 2621:and their surroundings 2521: 2479:is covered by ice and 2449: 2294:. Stretching from the 2280:second-largest country 2275: 2142:Reform Party of Canada 2113:movement. The radical 2077: 1718: 1659:responsible government 1631: 1583:British North American 1530: 1370:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 1337: 1242: 1139:Constitution of Canada 1040:St. Lawrence Iroquoian 911:command the confidence 853:British North American 805:. Canada's capital is 445:• Total land area 76: 24427:Member states of NATO 23291:Saint Kitts and Nevis 22880:Criticism of monarchy 22870:Abolition of monarchy 22624:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22532:Dependent territories 22409:Saint Kitts and Nevis 21947:Caribbean Netherlands 21882:Saint Kitts and Nevis 20862:Northwest Territories 20765:Territorial evolution 20538:International Futures 20151:Conrad, John (2011). 20013:Forbes, H.D. (2019). 19466:"Exterior Sculptures" 18690:Vipond, Mary (2011). 18365:The Porcupine's Quill 18357:Keith, W. J. (2006). 18147:10.3138/9781442680616 17691:Sikka, Sonia (2014). 17298:Education, Level Of. 16023:. Statistics Canada. 15910:Bloomsbury Publishing 15889:10.1515/IJSL.2007.031 14653:Canadian Space Agency 13375:International Journal 11891:Library of Parliament 10026:Gallay, Alan (2015). 9951:. Statistics Canada. 9055:10.1515/IJSL.2007.022 8059:The capacity to judge 7941:Nellis, Eric (2010). 7839:10.1515/IJSL.2007.024 7682:LaMar, Howard Roberts 7596:Wynn, Graeme (2007). 7139:Turner, N.J. (2020). 7112:Williams, L. (2021). 7085:Miller, J.R. (2009). 6711:Hayes, Derek (2008). 6684:Rawat, Rajiv (2012). 6567:McIntyre, D. (1998). 6540:Morra, Irene (2016). 5869:Major League Baseball 5804: 5695: 5597: 5482: 5449:film of the same name 5220: 5166:pregnancy termination 5099: 5061:University of Toronto 5049:University of Toronto 5006: 4924: 4785: 4717:Official Language Act 4603: 4506:(11.0 percent), 4502:(12.1 percent), 4498:(12.1 percent), 4494:(14.7 percent), 4477: 4451:(19.3 percent), 4447:(22.9 percent), 4443:(52.5 percent), 3934: 3858:Canadian Space Agency 3753: 3611: 3576:housing affordability 3505:market capitalization 3473:ninth-largest economy 3455: 3432:2003 invasion of Iraq 3385:Canadian Armed Forces 3367: 3358:Further information: 3354:Canadian peacekeeping 3350:Canadian Armed Forces 3257:gross national income 3206: 3164:equalization payments 3099: 3010: 2913:members of Parliament 2880: 2745:Canada's 10 provinces 2616: 2516: 2447: 2436:Temperature in Canada 2333:overseas collectivity 2273: 2266:Environment of Canada 2264:Further information: 2248:Euro-Canadian culture 2191:during and after the 2070: 2042:official bilingualism 1997:for Canada, Britain, 1972:Battle of the Scheldt 1741:Northwest Territories 1713:Animated map showing 1712: 1615: 1507: 1500:British North America 1459:Mississippi watershed 1447:Catholic missionaries 1413:English seasonal camp 1319: 1312:European colonization 1302:settlement agreements 1247:Indigenous population 1233: 1163:Further information: 1108:Confederation in 1867 899:Westminster tradition 542:$ 2.472 trillion 435:• Water (%) 23123:United Arab Emirates 22284:Eswatini (Swaziland) 21979:Federal Dependencies 20836:Prince Edward Island 20365:. Nelson Education. 19279:Taylor & Francis 18652:. February 17, 2020. 17801:"Racial Mosaic, The" 17443:. CIA. May 16, 2006. 17415:on February 14, 2010 17389:. September 12, 2023 17329:TheGlobalEconomy.com 16964:10.1503/cmaj.1096042 16925:commonwealthfund.org 16327:Bowen, Kurt (2004). 16208:. Statistics Canada. 15933:Auer, Peter (2010). 15490:Illustrated Glossary 15414:World Bank Open Data 14812:Inventor of the Week 14794:GCS Research Society 13873:. January 31, 2023. 13018:on February 27, 2014 11987:Dodek, Adam (2016). 11799:on November 25, 2010 11689:on December 29, 2009 11267:(12). MDPI AG: 485. 10885:McQuaig, L. (2010). 10528:. October 22, 2010. 10131:on December 5, 2012. 9655:Cohen, S.A. (2010). 9632:. Historica Canada. 9562:Roach, Kent (2003). 9517:on December 28, 2016 9020:Mackey, Eva (2002). 8920:. pp. 225–232. 8857:Basic Income Studies 8511:Cook, Terry (2000). 8378:Bumsted, JM (1996). 8182:Read, Colin (1985). 7571:Baten, Jörg (2016). 6892:. pp. 13, 380. 6829:. February 9, 2022. 6295:. February 9, 2022. 6083:electoral coalitions 6055:contiguous 48 states 5967:2010 Winter Olympics 5963:1988 Winter Olympics 5959:1976 Summer Olympics 5910:such as ice hockey, 5462:Anne of Green Gables 5316:A mari usque ad mare 5297:, gold in the early 5186:national park system 5148:, strong efforts to 4959:respiratory diseases 4892:, informally called 4884:Healthcare in Canada 4858:(1.0 percent), 4854:(2.1 percent), 4850:(2.3 percent), 4846:(4.9 percent), 4766:Quebec Sign Language 4582:in Canada—above the 4526:(3.5 percent). 4518:(4.3 percent), 4514:(4.7 percent), 4510:(8.1 percent), 4467:(2.1 percent), 4463:(2.5 percent), 4459:(3.8 percent), 4455:(6.1 percent), 4439:groups chosen were: 4429:2021 Canadian census 4024:2021 Canadian census 3964:refugee resettlement 3960:family reunification 3944:2021 Canadian census 3787:discovery of insulin 3603:petroleum industries 3522:of the country. The 3469:mixed-market economy 3387:(CAF) personnel are 3381:domestic obligations 3175:Parliament of Canada 2928:Canada Elections Act 2894:Parliament of Canada 2864:lieutenant governors 2717:parliamentary system 2605:Government of Canada 2282:in the world, after 2228:its sesquicentennial 2215:in the early 1950s. 2165:Air India Flight 182 2154:unilateral secession 2062:Canada Student Loans 1903:Military Service Act 1887:Battle of Vimy Ridge 1693:. The Anglo-Russian 1575:1783 Treaty of Paris 1547:Prince Edward Island 1521:'s death during the 1388:appear to have been 1366:Henry VII of England 1294:Government of Canada 1240:2021 Canadian census 1223:, the last being of 1137:, which brought the 1070:Saint Lawrence River 1016:. Canada is part of 982:largest in the world 935:officially bilingual 715:• Summer ( 78:A mari usque ad mare 19:For other uses, see 24359: / 24319:Trinidad and Tobago 24206:Commonwealth realms 24091:United Baltic Duchy 23234:Antigua and Barbuda 23226:Commonwealth realms 22920:Order of succession 22474:Trinidad and Tobago 22224:Antigua and Barbuda 21897:Trinidad and Tobago 21792:Antigua and Barbuda 21191:Firearms regulation 20178:. Springer Nature. 19470:Hockey Hall of Fame 18833:About Canada: Media 18278:Sociology in Action 18096:"The mother beaver" 18021:on February 4, 2016 17852:. February 24, 2003 17799:Meister, Daniel R. 17546:Dyck, Rand (2011). 17331:. December 31, 1971 17250:. November 30, 2022 17030:. November 30, 2022 16874:10.1787/8643de7e-en 16652:on January 17, 2017 16646:"17.2 Universality" 16582:. December 1, 2006. 16537:. January 14, 2020. 15999:. pp. 72, 74. 15858:on October 27, 2009 15758:Pendakur, Krishna. 15697:. October 27, 2022. 15492:. November 15, 2017 15076:. February 11, 2015 14917:1992Natur.356..763S 14880:1972Natur.235..271B 14655:. December 31, 2002 14518:. January 22, 2015. 14387:Wall Street Journal 14105:. August 11, 2022. 13959:10.34667/tind.46596 12122:10.2307/j.ctv56fggn 12044:World Constitutions 11942:on December 1, 2015 11606:. Queen's Printer. 10577:. 2005. p. 1. 10203:The Weather Network 10125:The Atlas of Canada 10076:The Atlas of Canada 10060:. 2008. p. 20. 10054:Canadian Geographic 9891:Trafford Publishing 8445:Canadian Geographic 8437:"Building a nation" 7906:10.3828/bjcs.2010.5 6356:10.1787/459aa7f1-en 6185:(Holiness) (0.3%), 6100:Royal Canadian Navy 5983:2026 FIFA World Cup 5865:Major League Soccer 5814:Hockey Hall of Fame 5664:Franklin Carmichael 5538:Canadian mass media 5444:The English Patient 5426:, who received two 5406:Canadian literature 5301:, red at the first 5076:mandatory education 4995:Education in Canada 4982:developed countries 4978:Commonwealth Fund's 4802:religious pluralism 4787:Freedom of religion 4709:language minorities 4694:in consonance with 4614: English – 57% 4596:Languages of Canada 4427:Respondents in the 3807:electron microscope 3754:The Canadian-built 3739:, according to the 3737:scientific journals 3663:Athabasca oil sands 3550:(14th in 2019) and 3536:cooperative banking 3524:minister of finance 3509:US$ 2 trillion 3484:2.221 trillion 3471:, with the world's 3393:Royal Canadian Navy 3122:federal territories 3092:Canadian federalism 3036:minister of justice 2943:Canadian federalism 2690:Official Opposition 2655:Canadian federalism 2581:Banff National Park 2458:continental climate 2372:Hudson Bay Lowlands 2260:Geography of Canada 2173:university shooting 2058:Canada Pension Plan 2050:Socially democratic 2007:Conscription Crisis 1745:Red River Rebellion 1652:Highland Clearances 1568:American Revolution 1421:Samuel de Champlain 1286:Settler colonialism 988:and well-developed 929:. The country is a 921:, representing the 175: / 24407:Federal monarchies 21832:Dominican Republic 21372:Population centres 20283:Government and law 20200:Leiss, W. (2022). 19882:The Globe and Mail 19620:. October 10, 2023 19427:on March 31, 2009. 19140:. February 7, 2018 17832:10.1353/ces.0.0069 17440:The World Factbook 17276:. January 17, 2022 16933:10.26099/01dv-h208 16535:laws.justice.gc.ca 16483:. October 27, 2022 15691:"Visible Minority" 15559:. October 26, 2022 15274:The Economic Times 15003:. pp. 35–37. 14847:The New York Times 14720:"Leone N. Farrell" 14623:. January 1, 2020. 14288:Ashgate Publishing 13229:on March 17, 2015. 13153:. March 27, 2014. 11719:on August 28, 2011 11557:on January 5, 2016 11505:Queen's University 11477:. March 29, 1867. 11394:The New York Times 10994:McLachlin, Beverly 10237:Environment Canada 10209:on January 5, 2009 10009:The Globe and Mail 9766:Palgrave Macmillan 9427:St. Martin's Press 9402:The Globe and Mail 9175:. March 17, 2009. 9172:The Globe and Mail 9133:. March 15, 2021. 7374:community.15128627 7223:Lux, M.K. (2016). 7064:. pp. 43–44. 6447:. pp. 14–22. 6379:. March 13, 2024. 5818: 5702: 5700:" in English, 1908 5652:J. E. H. MacDonald 5613: 5554:public broadcaster 5491:Canada's media is 5489: 5413:garrison mentality 5270: 5154:strict gun control 5134:social integration 5107: 5009: 4930: 4908:prescription drugs 4794: 4778:Religion in Canada 4696:section 16 of the 4652:official languages 4640: 4630: French – 21% 4484: 4482:in the 2021 census 3940: 3938:density map (2014) 3776: 3762:, transferred the 3628: 3475:as of 2023, and a 3462: 3383:, more than 3,000 3377: 3237: 3114: 3020:Canada's judiciary 3017: 2917:electoral district 2890: 2868:Crown corporations 2852:head of government 2725:monarchy of Canada 2623: 2609:Politics of Canada 2569:conservation areas 2522: 2509:Wildlife of Canada 2450: 2396:St. Lawrence River 2376:Arctic Archipelago 2368:Western Cordillera 2364:Appalachian region 2317:Kingdom of Denmark 2276: 2117:(FLQ) ignited the 2078: 2005:. Despite another 1968:Battle of Normandy 1828:Early 20th century 1782:Dominion Lands Act 1758:Klondike Gold Rush 1719: 1663:Rebellions of 1837 1644:Great Irish Famine 1632: 1543:Cape Breton Island 1539:Province of Quebec 1531: 1517:(1771) dramatizes 1350:L'Anse aux Meadows 1338: 1262:European Canadians 1243: 1188:Bering land bridge 1174:Indigenous peoples 1126:Dominion of Canada 1101:Province of Canada 1056:to the village of 992:. Recognized as a 943:ethnically diverse 931:Commonwealth realm 903:head of government 829:Indigenous peoples 581:2024 estimate 526:2024 estimate 353:Independence 24342: 24341: 24336: 24335: 24332: 24331: 24021:Piedmont-Sardinia 23773:Sip Song Chau Tai 23583:Thirteen Colonies 23324: 23323: 22728: 22727: 22714: 22713: 22571:Coral Sea Islands 22509:Associated states 22168: 22167: 22164: 22163: 22035:Clipperton Island 21989: 21988: 21718: 21717: 21697:Canada portal 21618: 21617: 21385: 21384: 21199: 21198: 21154:Political parties 21122:Foreign relations 21037: 21036: 20924:Canadian Prairies 20914:Pacific Northwest 20880: 20879: 20778: 20777: 20735:Foreign relations 20495:Libraries GovPubs 20468:978-0-8020-9577-0 20447:978-1-927406-31-1 20426:978-0-88920-475-1 20399:978-0-8020-2801-3 20391:978-0-8020-5016-8 20372:978-0-17-644244-6 20351:978-1-107-67581-0 20323:978-1-55238-046-8 20316:. Frederick Lee. 20302:978-1-4426-0047-8 20274:978-0-19-542928-2 20255:978-1-4786-4712-6 20234:978-0-7748-2103-2 20213:978-0-2280-0985-6 20185:978-3-03-026403-1 20164:978-1-55488-981-5 20157:. Dundurn Press. 20136:978-0-7748-3726-2 20100:978-1-4426-5814-1 20064:978-0-7735-7854-8 20026:978-3-030-19835-0 20005:978-0-19-544422-3 19984:978-0-7710-2181-7 19951:978-0-7710-2099-5 19845:978-0-13-197843-0 19818:978-0-16-076789-0 19790:978-1-317-49519-2 19763:978-0-7735-7656-8 19736:978-0-8108-7522-7 19645:Statistics Canada 19618:Statistics Canada 19592:978-0-19-902157-4 19567:978-3-642-13205-6 19540:978-0-313-30000-4 19402:978-0-19-976529-4 19375:978-1-135-94950-1 19348:978-0-8020-9759-0 19315:978-0-472-02241-0 19288:978-0-415-87560-8 19225:978-1-317-65952-5 19172:978-1-5013-4534-0 19119:978-1-55209-046-6 19094:978-0-7710-6716-7 19069:978-0-7735-3817-7 19042:978-1-00-041721-0 19000:978-1-4426-6538-5 18946:978-90-04-41426-6 18896:978-0-7748-2306-7 18869:978-1-55238-222-6 18842:978-1-55266-447-6 18817:978-0-920380-81-9 18790:978-1-55238-224-0 18763:978-1-55238-224-0 18736:978-0-8020-9519-0 18703:978-1-55277-658-2 18676:978-1-77338-172-5 18605:978-3-9855100-5-4 18578:978-0-7190-5231-6 18535:978-1-57113-139-3 18508:978-0-8020-0761-2 18481:978-1-61820-640-4 18454:978-90-04-48650-8 18428:978-0-8020-0761-2 18401:978-1-55111-049-3 18374:978-0-88984-283-0 18343:978-1-4402-1915-3 18313:978-1-55046-474-0 18288:978-0-17-672841-0 18259:978-1-57113-359-5 18232:978-0-8108-7504-3 18185:978-0-660-18615-3 18175:Symbols of Canada 18080:978-1-55238-175-5 18053:978-0-8020-3630-8 17936:978-0-385-65985-7 17911:978-0-8047-8735-2 17785:978-1-56324-416-2 17758:978-0-7735-2304-3 17731:978-1-78699-382-3 17704:978-0-7735-9220-9 17677:978-94-6300-208-0 17650:978-0-385-67297-9 17623:10.4000/eccs.1118 17594:978-0-7914-8584-2 17563:978-0-17-650343-7 17549:Canadian Politics 17532:978-0-7735-1422-5 17248:Statistics Canada 17229:978-1-61689-824-3 17180:978-1-4426-3555-5 17153:978-1-55339-506-5 17126:978-0-313-33617-1 17095:978-1-4757-5504-6 17028:Statistics Canada 16786:978-1-4963-9850-5 16716:978-981-10-8441-6 16689:978-1-4349-1768-3 16631:978-1-56720-513-8 16604:978-0-88890-219-1 16561:978-3-319-62346-7 16448:978-1-134-72229-7 16421:978-1-894667-92-0 16394:978-1-317-46745-8 16367:978-1-4443-1056-6 16340:978-0-7735-7194-5 16313:978-1-4426-1018-7 16286:978-0-7735-2955-7 16259:978-1-4426-0516-9 16232:978-0-7748-1497-3 16162:978-0-88864-300-1 16135:978-1-61451-817-4 16090:978-0-85575-466-2 16057:978-0-7748-0783-8 16006:978-3-11-017687-2 15997:Mouton de Gruyter 15977:978-0-7735-2960-1 15950:978-3-11-018002-2 15941:Walter de Gruyter 15919:978-1-78225-631-1 15822:Statistics Canada 15806:. March 15, 2022. 15715:on July 14, 2011. 15645:978-0-7735-3793-4 15618:978-1-55130-936-1 15591:978-1-317-98108-4 15557:Statistics Canada 15448:978-0-521-84287-7 15395:978-0-88975-235-1 15360:978-92-64-10778-6 15331:978-0-88975-246-7 15249:978-1-55130-322-2 15222:978-0-8047-8627-0 15191:978-1-74104-571-0 15180:(10th ed.). 15160:978-0-7735-3793-4 15126:Statistics Canada 15074:Statistics Canada 15070:"Section 4: Maps" 15055:978-3-319-40105-8 15010:978-981-4374-27-9 14977:978-1-4381-1018-9 14911:(6372): 763–767. 14761:Lasker Foundation 14705:978-0-300-15359-0 14534:Statistics Canada 14417:978-1-317-07042-9 14349:978-3-540-42634-9 14324:978-0-19-511739-4 14297:978-1-4094-9852-0 14216:978-1-118-97933-4 14164:978-0-8020-3448-9 13968:978-92-805-3432-0 13901:978-1-351-57924-7 13852:978-1-4426-1625-7 13791:978-0-88629-182-2 13760:"Monthly Reports" 13683:. April 2, 2019. 13606:978-1-5063-6260-1 13579:978-0-7391-5580-6 13552:978-0-385-67297-9 13525:978-0-7748-1325-9 13498:978-1-000-30674-3 13343:978-0-7766-2722-9 13316:978-0-7391-0480-4 13289:978-0-7146-8488-8 13101:978-0-7397-1615-1 13077:978-1-4426-1108-5 13050:978-1-4597-0412-1 12997:978-0-7391-1493-3 12914:978-3-030-05036-8 12869:. June 11, 2020. 12788:978-0-19-533535-4 12754:978-1-136-66437-3 12727:978-0-17-648249-7 12700:978-83-7638-792-5 12673:978-0-7748-4049-1 12634:. June 10, 2014. 12610:978-0-7705-1742-7 12583:978-0-7748-0934-4 12528:978-0-19-066482-4 12486:978-0-88975-215-3 12455:978-0-7735-8853-0 12428:978-1-4426-6357-2 12369:978-0-7766-0514-2 12302:978-0-7748-8023-7 12275:978-0-7619-2649-8 12222:978-1-55239-145-7 12197:978-90-411-9627-9 12170:978-0-13-792862-0 12131:978-1-55238-990-4 12079:978-1-55239-085-6 12054:978-81-207-1937-8 12027:978-1-4426-0871-9 12000:978-1-4597-3505-7 11921:978-0-7735-7047-4 11778:978-1-55111-779-9 11679:978-0-662-39689-5 11641:978-0-11-703249-1 11589:978-1-4597-4015-0 11547:978-0-662-46012-1 11534:A Crown of Maples 11514:on June 17, 2010. 11456:978-1-317-63444-7 11328:978-0-7748-3610-4 11301:978-0-19-966399-6 11215:978-0-7748-2411-8 11185:978-1-4426-3521-0 11151:978-1-4426-0695-1 11121:978-0-19-541806-4 11055:978-0-19-533535-4 11028:978-0-7748-2231-2 10996:(June 30, 2014). 10979:978-1-5099-0788-5 10952:978-1-317-36677-5 10925:978-1-55111-711-9 10898:978-0-385-67297-9 10871:978-1-4426-3521-0 10844:978-1-4426-0121-5 10834:Canadian Politics 10817:978-1-55458-409-3 10683:978-1-84977-201-3 10659:on June 15, 2006. 10611:978-0-7748-2069-1 10584:978-0-7705-1198-2 10556:978-0-470-94570-4 10321:978-0-7748-4063-7 10184:978-1-4020-1179-5 10155:978-1-927330-20-3 10106:978-0-7735-1672-4 10039:978-1-317-48718-0 9934:978-0-8160-5786-3 9900:978-1-4269-3393-6 9869:978-0-8020-9675-3 9775:978-1-137-27396-3 9668:978-1-135-16956-5 9579:978-0-7735-2584-9 9543:on August 4, 2011 9463:978-0-19-803150-5 9436:978-0-312-21134-9 9371:Electoral Studies 9325:978-0-7735-7314-7 9263:978-1-55111-595-5 9250:Canadian Politics 9115:on July 17, 2010. 9031:978-0-8020-8481-1 9006:978-1-4597-1884-5 8979:978-0-19-927164-1 8952:978-0-7748-1368-6 8927:978-1-55002-547-7 8895:978-1-78404-098-7 8841:978-0-7735-0555-1 8804:978-1-55238-046-8 8755:978-0-7710-6514-9 8717:978-0-8108-8860-9 8690:978-1-4604-0696-0 8663:978-0-7735-4595-3 8636:978-0-88977-296-0 8609:978-3-642-12194-4 8555:978-1-55458-422-2 8389:978-0-920486-23-8 8364:978-0-87013-399-2 8335:978-90-5629-188-4 8263:978-0-89862-030-6 8195:978-0-7735-8406-8 8145:978-0-8020-3447-2 8118:978-1-55130-371-0 8090:. July 13, 2023. 8088:Collection Search 8069:978-0-8020-4360-3 8042:978-1-4516-8615-9 8012:978-0-8108-6892-2 7981:978-1-4497-2084-1 7954:978-1-4426-0403-2 7815:978-0-313-33046-9 7788:978-1-58465-427-8 7759:978-0-8020-6977-1 7732:978-1-85109-697-8 7705:978-0-690-00008-5 7667:978-0-8020-9536-7 7640:978-1-55081-225-1 7609:978-1-85109-437-0 7582:978-1-107-50718-0 7557:978-0-8020-2495-4 7530:978-0-8020-6000-6 7497:978-1-4426-3553-1 7470:978-0-313-02189-3 7438:978-1-85109-818-7 7347:. July 14, 2017. 7293:on June 15, 2015. 7263:978-0-7748-5863-2 7236:978-1-4426-1386-7 7209:978-0-7735-9818-8 7179:978-0-7748-0581-0 7152:978-0-2280-0317-5 7125:978-1-000-47233-2 7098:978-1-4426-9227-5 7071:978-0-8032-2549-7 7040:978-1-55263-633-6 7009:978-1-137-45236-8 6982:978-0-7614-1637-1 6955:978-0-7735-1774-5 6928:978-0-16-080388-8 6899:978-0-521-49666-7 6870:978-1-55111-873-4 6827:Statistics Canada 6808:978-0-85793-831-2 6774:978-0-8160-6770-1 6749:978-0-8020-4195-1 6722:978-1-55365-259-5 6697:978-1-4426-4456-4 6670:978-1-317-34244-1 6643:978-0-7867-2543-4 6618:978-0-19-927164-1 6580:978-1-349-26922-8 6553:978-0-85772-867-8 6526:978-90-04-17828-1 6483:978-0-8020-2938-6 6454:978-0-8020-8293-0 6418:978-0-313-26257-9 6348:Income inequality 6171:Latter Day Saints 6167:Jehovah's Witness 6151:Eastern Orthodoxy 6079:centrist policies 6035:Outline of Canada 5773:The Bold Canadian 5736:, and television 5621:Canadian Heritage 5578:Canadian tax laws 5493:highly autonomous 5291:maple leaf tartan 5222:The mother beaver 5150:eliminate poverty 5092:Culture of Canada 5029:primary education 5025:local governments 5013:provided publicly 4934:demographic shift 4899:Canada Health Act 4413: 4412: 3968:major urban areas 3936:Canada population 3572:disposable income 3532:Statistics Canada 3479:of approximately 3448:Economy of Canada 3193:Foreign relations 3126:four main regions 3063:provides certain 2933:general elections 2842:, a committee of 2836:royal prerogative 2832:crisis situations 2530:Canadian wildlife 2412:Arctic Cordillera 2392:Canadian Prairies 2325:maritime boundary 2292:fresh water lakes 2146:second referendum 2134:Meech Lake Accord 2034:Canadian identity 1964:Normandy landings 1931:(as pioneered by 1908:League of Nations 1893:erupted when the 1807:block settlements 1671:Act of Union 1840 1494:Treaty of Utrecht 1478:Thirteen Colonies 1401:royal prerogative 1298:cultural genocide 1270:coureurs des bois 1159:History of Canada 1116:London Conference 974:developed country 925:, the ceremonial 923:monarch of Canada 855:colonies through 744: 743: 613:• Per capita 554:• Per capita 421:• Total area 391:December 11, 1931 179:45.400°N 75.667°W 136: 122:God Save the King 109: 88:"From Sea to Sea" 24464: 24447:Northern America 24374: 24373: 24371: 24370: 24369: 24364: 24360: 24357: 24356: 24355: 24352: 24260:Irish Free State 24026:Poland–Lithuania 23335: 23334: 23286:Papua New Guinea 23016: 23015: 22755: 22748: 22741: 22732: 22731: 22691:Pitcairn Islands 22661:Falkland Islands 22561:Christmas Island 22537: 22536: 22399:Papua New Guinea 22214:Sovereign states 22195: 22188: 22181: 22172: 22171: 22155: 22154: 22153: 22009: 22008: 21997: 21782: 21781: 21777:Sovereign states 21758: 21751: 21744: 21735: 21734: 21722: 21721: 21706: 21705: 21695: 21694: 21693: 21559: 21558: 21402:Higher education 21309: 21308: 21294:Science and tech 21181:Multiculturalism 21135: 21134: 21117:Local government 21082:House of Commons 21066:Governor General 20902: 20891: 20890: 20806:British Columbia 20791: 20790: 20645:Pre-colonization 20623: 20622: 20603: 20596: 20589: 20580: 20579: 20472: 20451: 20430: 20418: 20385: 20382:Canadian History 20376: 20355: 20327: 20306: 20278: 20259: 20238: 20217: 20189: 20168: 20140: 20117:Previous surveys 20114: 20104: 20076: 20068: 20047: 20030: 20009: 19988: 19976: 19955: 19909: 19908: 19897: 19891: 19890: 19872: 19866: 19865: 19856: 19850: 19849: 19829: 19823: 19822: 19801: 19795: 19794: 19774: 19768: 19767: 19747: 19741: 19740: 19720: 19714: 19713: 19711: 19709: 19703: 19696: 19688: 19682: 19681: 19679: 19677: 19662: 19656: 19655: 19653: 19651: 19636: 19630: 19629: 19627: 19625: 19610: 19597: 19596: 19578: 19572: 19571: 19551: 19545: 19544: 19524: 19518: 19517: 19505: 19499: 19498: 19487: 19481: 19480: 19478: 19476: 19461: 19455: 19454: 19439:Kallmann, Helmut 19435: 19429: 19428: 19423:. 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March 9, 2011. 18196: 18190: 18189: 18170: 18161: 18160: 18132: 18126: 18125: 18118: 18112: 18111: 18109: 18107: 18091: 18085: 18084: 18064: 18058: 18057: 18037: 18031: 18030: 18028: 18026: 18020: 18013: 18005: 17999: 17998: 17996: 17994: 17979: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17968: 17963:on April 5, 2017 17962: 17955: 17947: 17941: 17940: 17922: 17916: 17915: 17895: 17889: 17888: 17868: 17862: 17861: 17859: 17857: 17842: 17836: 17835: 17815: 17809: 17808: 17796: 17790: 17789: 17769: 17763: 17762: 17742: 17736: 17735: 17715: 17709: 17708: 17688: 17682: 17681: 17661: 17655: 17654: 17634: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17605: 17599: 17598: 17574: 17568: 17567: 17554:Cengage Learning 17543: 17537: 17536: 17516: 17510: 17509: 17507: 17505: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17481: 17479: 17468: 17462: 17461: 17459: 17451: 17445: 17444: 17431: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17420: 17405: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17394: 17379: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17368: 17362: 17355: 17347: 17341: 17340: 17338: 17336: 17321: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17310: 17295: 17289: 17285: 17283: 17281: 17266: 17260: 17259: 17257: 17255: 17240: 17234: 17233: 17213: 17207: 17206: 17204: 17202: 17191: 17185: 17184: 17164: 17158: 17157: 17137: 17131: 17130: 17106: 17100: 17099: 17079: 17073: 17072: 17065: 17059: 17058: 17057:on June 3, 2015. 17053:. Archived from 17046: 17040: 17039: 17037: 17035: 17020: 17014: 17013: 17011: 17009: 17004:. August 2, 2023 16992: 16986: 16985: 16975: 16958:(8): E309–E310. 16943: 16937: 16936: 16916: 16907: 16906: 16899: 16893: 16892: 16890: 16882: 16876: 16868: 16866: 16864: 16850: 16844: 16843: 16841: 16839: 16828: 16822: 16821: 16819: 16811: 16805: 16804: 16797: 16791: 16790: 16770: 16761: 16760: 16749: 16743: 16742: 16731:Weiss, Thomas G. 16727: 16721: 16720: 16700: 16694: 16693: 16673: 16662: 16661: 16659: 16657: 16642: 16636: 16635: 16615: 16609: 16608: 16590: 16584: 16583: 16572: 16566: 16565: 16545: 16539: 16538: 16527: 16521: 16520: 16513: 16507: 16506: 16499: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16488: 16473: 16467: 16466: 16459: 16453: 16452: 16432: 16426: 16425: 16405: 16399: 16398: 16378: 16372: 16371: 16351: 16345: 16344: 16324: 16318: 16317: 16297: 16291: 16290: 16270: 16264: 16263: 16243: 16237: 16236: 16216: 16210: 16209: 16201: 16192: 16191: 16189: 16187: 16173: 16167: 16166: 16146: 16140: 16139: 16119: 16113: 16112: 16105:"Sign languages" 16101: 16095: 16094: 16068: 16062: 16061: 16043: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16032: 16017: 16011: 16010: 15988: 15982: 15981: 15961: 15955: 15954: 15930: 15924: 15923: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15883:(185): 187–224. 15874: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15863: 15844: 15838: 15837: 15835: 15833: 15814: 15808: 15807: 15796: 15790: 15789: 15782: 15776: 15775: 15773: 15771: 15755: 15749: 15748: 15737: 15731: 15730: 15723: 15717: 15716: 15705: 15699: 15698: 15687: 15681: 15680: 15673: 15664: 15663: 15656: 15650: 15649: 15629: 15623: 15622: 15602: 15596: 15595: 15575: 15569: 15568: 15566: 15564: 15545: 15539: 15538: 15531: 15525: 15524: 15513: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15497: 15482: 15476: 15475: 15468: 15453: 15452: 15432: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15406: 15400: 15399: 15371: 15365: 15364: 15345: 15336: 15335: 15315: 15309: 15308: 15306: 15304: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15268: 15260: 15254: 15253: 15233: 15227: 15226: 15211:(3rd ed.). 15202: 15196: 15195: 15171: 15165: 15164: 15144: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15133: 15121: 15114: 15108: 15107: 15095: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15081: 15066: 15060: 15059: 15039: 15033: 15032: 15021: 15015: 15014: 15001:World Scientific 14988: 14982: 14981: 14961: 14955: 14954: 14943: 14937: 14936: 14925:10.1038/356763a0 14898: 14892: 14891: 14888:10.1038/235271b0 14861: 14855: 14854: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14804: 14798: 14797: 14786: 14777: 14776: 14774: 14772: 14752: 14746: 14745: 14734: 14728: 14727: 14716: 14710: 14709: 14689: 14683: 14682: 14671: 14665: 14664: 14662: 14660: 14645: 14639: 14638: 14631: 14625: 14624: 14613: 14607: 14606: 14604: 14602: 14588: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14577: 14566: 14560: 14559: 14552: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14541: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14516:Industry Insider 14508: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14497: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14467: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14436: 14428: 14422: 14421: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14378: 14372: 14371: 14360: 14354: 14353: 14335: 14329: 14328: 14308: 14302: 14301: 14277: 14271: 14270: 14259: 14250: 14249: 14247: 14236: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14200: 14191: 14190: 14189:on May 24, 2011. 14179: 14173: 14172: 14148: 14142: 14141: 14117: 14111: 14110: 14095: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14081: 14066: 14060: 14059: 14044: 14038: 14037: 14021: 14015: 14014: 14012: 14010: 13991: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13980: 13944: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13933: 13927: 13920: 13912: 13906: 13905: 13885: 13879: 13878: 13863: 13857: 13856: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13810: 13804: 13803: 13775: 13769: 13767: 13756: 13750: 13737: 13722: 13711: 13710: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13673: 13667: 13666: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13617: 13611: 13610: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13536: 13530: 13529: 13509: 13503: 13502: 13482: 13473: 13472: 13452: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13438: 13432: 13425: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13381:(1). : 167–176. 13366: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13355: 13327: 13321: 13320: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13273: 13267: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13256: 13245: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13219: 13213: 13212: 13201: 13195: 13194: 13183: 13177: 13176: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13061: 13055: 13054: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13008: 13002: 13001: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12972:10.7202/040800ar 12954: 12948: 12947: 12925: 12919: 12918: 12898: 12892: 12891: 12881: 12875: 12874: 12859: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12848: 12839:. May 15, 2023. 12829: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12799: 12793: 12792: 12772: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12738: 12732: 12731: 12711: 12705: 12704: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12657: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12624: 12615: 12614: 12594: 12588: 12587: 12567: 12561: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12539: 12533: 12532: 12512: 12506: 12505: 12497: 12491: 12490: 12477:Fraser Institute 12466: 12460: 12459: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12412: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12401: 12395: 12388: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12332: 12325: 12316: 12307: 12306: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12259: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12248: 12233: 12227: 12226: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12181: 12175: 12174: 12150: 12144: 12143: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12090: 12084: 12083: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12011: 12005: 12004: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11897:on May 22, 2011. 11893:. Archived from 11882: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11856: 11850: 11849: 11833: 11827: 11826: 11815: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11804: 11789: 11783: 11782: 11758: 11752: 11751: 11735: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11724: 11708: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11688: 11682:. Archived from 11671: 11657: 11646: 11645: 11626: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11600: 11594: 11593: 11573: 11567: 11566: 11564: 11562: 11556: 11550:. Archived from 11539: 11529:MacLeod, Kevin S 11525: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11498: 11489: 11483: 11482: 11467: 11461: 11460: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11417: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11357: 11351: 11350: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11252: 11243: 11242: 11226: 11220: 11219: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11169: 11163: 11162: 11158:social cleavages 11135: 11129: 11128: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11012: 11006: 11005: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10963: 10957: 10956: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10781: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10755: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10738:Protected Planet 10730: 10724: 10723: 10712: 10706: 10705: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10667: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10651: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10567: 10561: 10560: 10540: 10534: 10533: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10504: 10498: 10497: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10448: 10437: 10429: 10423: 10422: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10332: 10326: 10325: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10285: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10260: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10225: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10205:. Archived from 10195: 10189: 10188: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10090: 10084: 10083: 10068: 10062: 10061: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10023: 10017: 10016: 10000: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9978:"Boundary Facts" 9974: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9918: 9905: 9904: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9710: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9652: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9590: 9584: 9583: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9537:"The Oka Crisis" 9533: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9516: 9510:. Archived from 9509: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9484:on June 22, 2008 9474: 9468: 9467: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9416: 9410: 9409: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9366: 9357: 9356: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9285:(2–3): 335–367. 9274: 9268: 9267: 9252:(4th ed.). 9245: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9228: 9215: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9103: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9084:10.1037/h0084934 9065: 9059: 9058: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9017: 9011: 9010: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8909: 8900: 8899: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8825: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8769: 8760: 8759: 8744:(4th ed.). 8737: 8722: 8721: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8523:on June 14, 2011 8508: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8451:on March 3, 2006 8447:. Archived from 8433: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8023: 8017: 8016: 7992: 7986: 7985: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7631:Breakwater Books 7620: 7614: 7613: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7518: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7452: 7443: 7442: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7320: 7309: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7285: 7277: 7268: 7267: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7193: 7184: 7183: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7020: 7014: 7013: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6854: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6598: 6585: 6584: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6475: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6434: 6423: 6422: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6385: 6374: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6350:(Report). OECD. 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6328:. April 16, 2024 6314: 6301: 6300: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6215: 6198: 6196: 6136: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6107: 6104:Canadian Rangers 6096: 6090: 6071:big tent parties 6067: 6061: 6051: 6019: 6017:Countries portal 6014: 6013: 6005: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5797:Sports in Canada 5730:record companies 5656:Frederick Varley 5516:television shows 5506:Broadcasting Act 5457:L. M. Montgomery 5439:Michael Ondaatje 5420:Canadian authors 5319: 5172:, and legalized 5160:attitude toward 5070: 5046: 5045: 5043:Université Laval 4971: 4701:and the federal 4635: 4629: 4619: 4613: 4577: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4548:visible minority 4544: 4536: 4532: 4405:British Columbia 4269:British Columbia 4151:British Columbia 4020: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3986: 3985: 3948:total population 3907:sounding rockets 3783:alkaline battery 3764:P5 truss segment 3695:fishing industry 3632:Second World War 3621: 3615: 3591:service industry 3568:income disparity 3510: 3490:, with a highly 3485: 3466:highly developed 3405:Canadian Rangers 3284: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3118:federated states 3111: 3107: 2911:Each of the 338 2883:House of Commons 2848:House of Commons 2806: 2788: 2770: 2749:governor general 2538:invasive species 2420:many earthquakes 2404:Canadian Rockies 2386:and through the 2345:Ellesmere Island 2244:boarding schools 2220:Libyan Civil War 2107:Quiet Revolution 2096:its own monarchy 2013:Contemporary era 1952:Second World War 1863: 1851: 1841: 1625:James FitzGibbon 1563:French civil law 1486:Seven Years' War 1397:Humphrey Gilbert 1386:Age of Discovery 1047: 1002:internationalism 919:governor general 915:House of Commons 901:. The country's 845:ceded nearly all 796: 757:extend from the 749:is a country in 728: 709: 676: 675: 669: 668: 662: 651: 650: 644: 643: 637: 621: 620: 602: 600: 595: 594: 578: 562: 561: 543: 540: 539: 523: 493: 492: 471:41,012,563 ( 470: 469: 347:House of Commons 283: 281:Governor General 250: 190: 189: 187: 186: 185: 180: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 149: 138: 137: 111: 110: 81: 59: 45: 28: 27: 24472: 24471: 24467: 24466: 24465: 24463: 24462: 24461: 24377: 24376: 24367: 24365: 24361: 24358: 24353: 24350: 24348: 24346: 24345: 24343: 24338: 24337: 24328: 24253:princely states 24201: 24137:Kingdom of Fiji 24110: 23856:Austria-Hungary 23824: 23587: 23521: 23320: 23306:Solomon Islands 23220: 23202: 23134: 23049: 23007: 22939: 22885:Democratization 22853: 22797: 22764: 22759: 22729: 22724: 22710: 22610: 22600:Ross Dependency 22585: 22526: 22503: 22444:Solomon Islands 22216: 22208: 22199: 22169: 22160: 22151: 22149: 22142: 22121: 22080: 22054: 22023: 21998: 21985: 21906: 21771: 21762: 21727: 21719: 21714: 21691: 21689: 21680: 21644: 21614: 21557: 21469: 21460:Social programs 21426:Law enforcement 21381: 21355: 21298: 21195: 21133: 21033: 20973: 20960:Atlantic Canada 20938:Canadian Shield 20933:Northern Canada 20900: 20899: 20876: 20850: 20786:and territories 20785: 20774: 20684: 20631: 20612: 20607: 20514: 20480: 20475: 20469: 20454: 20448: 20433: 20427: 20410: 20379: 20373: 20358: 20352: 20337: 20324: 20309: 20303: 20288: 20275: 20262: 20256: 20241: 20235: 20214: 20186: 20171: 20165: 20150: 20137: 20122: 20107: 20101: 20086: 20071: 20065: 20050: 20040: 20027: 20012: 20006: 19991: 19985: 19965: 19952: 19937: 19928: 19920:Main articles: 19918: 19916:Further reading 19913: 19912: 19899: 19898: 19894: 19873: 19869: 19858: 19857: 19853: 19846: 19830: 19826: 19819: 19802: 19798: 19791: 19775: 19771: 19764: 19748: 19744: 19737: 19721: 19717: 19707: 19705: 19701: 19694: 19690: 19689: 19685: 19675: 19673: 19663: 19659: 19649: 19647: 19637: 19633: 19623: 19621: 19612: 19611: 19600: 19593: 19579: 19575: 19568: 19552: 19548: 19541: 19525: 19521: 19506: 19502: 19489: 19488: 19484: 19474: 19472: 19462: 19458: 19436: 19432: 19415: 19414: 19410: 19403: 19387: 19383: 19376: 19360: 19356: 19349: 19327: 19323: 19316: 19300: 19296: 19289: 19281:. p. 304. 19269: 19265: 19255: 19253: 19249: 19242: 19238: 19237: 19233: 19226: 19210: 19206: 19196: 19194: 19185: 19184: 19180: 19173: 19157: 19153: 19143: 19141: 19132: 19131: 19127: 19120: 19106: 19102: 19095: 19081: 19077: 19070: 19054: 19050: 19043: 19027: 19023: 19014: 19012: 19008: 19001: 18985: 18981: 18958: 18954: 18947: 18939:. Brill Sense. 18933: 18929: 18919: 18917: 18909: 18908: 18904: 18897: 18881: 18877: 18870: 18854: 18850: 18843: 18829: 18825: 18818: 18802: 18798: 18791: 18775: 18771: 18764: 18748: 18744: 18737: 18715: 18711: 18704: 18688: 18684: 18677: 18661: 18657: 18644: 18643: 18639: 18629: 18627: 18623: 18619:Fry, H (2017). 18617: 18613: 18606: 18598:. Tacet Books. 18590: 18586: 18579: 18563: 18559: 18548: 18547: 18543: 18536: 18520: 18516: 18509: 18493: 18489: 18482: 18466: 18462: 18455: 18441: 18440: 18436: 18429: 18413: 18409: 18402: 18386: 18382: 18375: 18355: 18351: 18344: 18328: 18321: 18314: 18300: 18296: 18289: 18275: 18274: 18267: 18260: 18244: 18240: 18233: 18217: 18213: 18198: 18197: 18193: 18186: 18172: 18171: 18164: 18157: 18133: 18129: 18120: 18119: 18115: 18105: 18103: 18092: 18088: 18081: 18065: 18061: 18054: 18038: 18034: 18024: 18022: 18018: 18011: 18007: 18006: 18002: 17992: 17990: 17981: 17980: 17976: 17966: 17964: 17960: 17953: 17949: 17948: 17944: 17937: 17923: 17919: 17912: 17896: 17892: 17869: 17865: 17855: 17853: 17844: 17843: 17839: 17816: 17812: 17797: 17793: 17786: 17770: 17766: 17759: 17743: 17739: 17732: 17716: 17712: 17705: 17689: 17685: 17678: 17662: 17658: 17651: 17635: 17631: 17606: 17602: 17595: 17587:. p. 203. 17575: 17571: 17564: 17544: 17540: 17533: 17517: 17513: 17503: 17501: 17491: 17487: 17477: 17475: 17470: 17469: 17465: 17457: 17453: 17452: 17448: 17433: 17432: 17428: 17418: 17416: 17407: 17406: 17402: 17392: 17390: 17381: 17380: 17376: 17366: 17364: 17360: 17353: 17349: 17348: 17344: 17334: 17332: 17323: 17322: 17318: 17308: 17306: 17296: 17292: 17279: 17277: 17268: 17267: 17263: 17253: 17251: 17242: 17241: 17237: 17230: 17214: 17210: 17200: 17198: 17193: 17192: 17188: 17181: 17165: 17161: 17154: 17138: 17134: 17127: 17107: 17103: 17096: 17080: 17076: 17067: 17066: 17062: 17047: 17043: 17033: 17031: 17022: 17021: 17017: 17007: 17005: 16994: 16993: 16989: 16944: 16940: 16917: 16910: 16901: 16900: 16896: 16888: 16884: 16883: 16879: 16862: 16860: 16852: 16851: 16847: 16837: 16835: 16830: 16829: 16825: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16808: 16799: 16798: 16794: 16787: 16771: 16764: 16751: 16750: 16746: 16728: 16724: 16717: 16701: 16697: 16690: 16674: 16665: 16655: 16653: 16644: 16643: 16639: 16632: 16616: 16612: 16605: 16591: 16587: 16574: 16573: 16569: 16562: 16546: 16542: 16529: 16528: 16524: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16501: 16500: 16496: 16486: 16484: 16475: 16474: 16470: 16461: 16460: 16456: 16449: 16433: 16429: 16422: 16406: 16402: 16395: 16379: 16375: 16368: 16352: 16348: 16341: 16325: 16321: 16314: 16298: 16294: 16287: 16271: 16267: 16260: 16244: 16240: 16233: 16217: 16213: 16202: 16195: 16185: 16183: 16175: 16174: 16170: 16163: 16147: 16143: 16136: 16120: 16116: 16103: 16102: 16098: 16091: 16083:. p. 180. 16069: 16065: 16058: 16044: 16040: 16030: 16028: 16019: 16018: 16014: 16007: 15989: 15985: 15978: 15962: 15958: 15951: 15943:. p. 387. 15931: 15927: 15920: 15912:. p. 214. 15900: 15896: 15875: 15871: 15861: 15859: 15846: 15845: 15841: 15831: 15829: 15816: 15815: 15811: 15798: 15797: 15793: 15784: 15783: 15779: 15769: 15767: 15766:on May 16, 2011 15756: 15752: 15739: 15738: 15734: 15725: 15724: 15720: 15707: 15706: 15702: 15689: 15688: 15684: 15675: 15674: 15667: 15658: 15657: 15653: 15646: 15630: 15626: 15619: 15603: 15599: 15592: 15576: 15572: 15562: 15560: 15547: 15546: 15542: 15533: 15532: 15528: 15515: 15514: 15505: 15495: 15493: 15484: 15483: 15479: 15470: 15469: 15456: 15449: 15433: 15429: 15419: 15417: 15408: 15407: 15403: 15396: 15372: 15368: 15361: 15347: 15346: 15339: 15332: 15316: 15312: 15302: 15300: 15290: 15286: 15266: 15261: 15257: 15250: 15234: 15230: 15223: 15203: 15199: 15192: 15172: 15168: 15161: 15145: 15141: 15131: 15129: 15128:. June 16, 2023 15119: 15116: 15115: 15111: 15096: 15089: 15079: 15077: 15068: 15067: 15063: 15056: 15040: 15036: 15023: 15022: 15018: 15011: 14989: 14985: 14978: 14962: 14958: 14945: 14944: 14940: 14899: 14895: 14862: 14858: 14839: 14835: 14825: 14823: 14808:"James Hillier" 14806: 14805: 14801: 14788: 14787: 14780: 14770: 14768: 14753: 14749: 14736: 14735: 14731: 14718: 14717: 14713: 14706: 14690: 14686: 14673: 14672: 14668: 14658: 14656: 14647: 14646: 14642: 14633: 14632: 14628: 14615: 14614: 14610: 14600: 14598: 14590: 14589: 14585: 14575: 14573: 14568: 14567: 14563: 14554: 14553: 14549: 14539: 14537: 14536:. July 19, 2021 14528: 14527: 14523: 14510: 14509: 14505: 14495: 14493: 14480: 14479: 14475: 14465: 14463: 14454: 14453: 14449: 14441: 14434: 14430: 14429: 14425: 14418: 14402: 14398: 14379: 14375: 14362: 14361: 14357: 14350: 14336: 14332: 14325: 14309: 14305: 14298: 14278: 14274: 14261: 14260: 14253: 14245: 14234: 14228: 14224: 14217: 14201: 14194: 14181: 14180: 14176: 14165: 14149: 14145: 14118: 14114: 14097: 14096: 14089: 14079: 14077: 14068: 14067: 14063: 14046: 14045: 14041: 14022: 14018: 14008: 14006: 13993: 13992: 13988: 13978: 13976: 13969: 13945: 13941: 13931: 13929: 13925: 13918: 13914: 13913: 13909: 13902: 13886: 13882: 13865: 13864: 13860: 13853: 13837: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13812: 13811: 13807: 13792: 13776: 13772: 13758: 13757: 13753: 13747:Wayback Machine 13724: 13723: 13714: 13697: 13696: 13692: 13675: 13674: 13670: 13649: 13645: 13638: 13630:. p. 570. 13618: 13614: 13607: 13591: 13587: 13580: 13564: 13560: 13553: 13537: 13533: 13526: 13510: 13506: 13499: 13483: 13476: 13453: 13446: 13436: 13434: 13430: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13404: 13402: 13367: 13363: 13353: 13351: 13344: 13328: 13324: 13317: 13301: 13297: 13290: 13274: 13270: 13260: 13258: 13254: 13243: 13239: 13238: 13234: 13221: 13220: 13216: 13203: 13202: 13198: 13185: 13184: 13180: 13167: 13166: 13162: 13145: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13113: 13109: 13102: 13090: 13089: 13085: 13078: 13062: 13058: 13051: 13035: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13010: 13009: 13005: 12998: 12984: 12980: 12955: 12951: 12926: 12922: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12882: 12878: 12861: 12860: 12856: 12846: 12844: 12831: 12830: 12826: 12816: 12814: 12801: 12800: 12796: 12789: 12773: 12769: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12739: 12735: 12728: 12717:Global Politics 12712: 12708: 12701: 12685: 12681: 12674: 12658: 12651: 12641: 12639: 12626: 12625: 12618: 12611: 12595: 12591: 12584: 12568: 12564: 12555: 12553: 12540: 12536: 12529: 12513: 12509: 12498: 12494: 12487: 12467: 12463: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12429: 12413: 12409: 12399: 12397: 12393: 12386: 12382: 12381: 12377: 12370: 12362:. p. 128. 12350: 12346: 12336: 12334: 12330: 12323: 12317: 12310: 12303: 12287: 12283: 12276: 12260: 12256: 12246: 12244: 12235: 12234: 12230: 12223: 12209: 12205: 12198: 12182: 12178: 12171: 12151: 12147: 12132: 12110: 12109: 12105: 12092: 12091: 12087: 12080: 12066: 12062: 12055: 12039: 12035: 12028: 12012: 12008: 12001: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11934: 11933: 11929: 11922: 11906: 11902: 11883: 11879: 11869: 11867: 11858: 11857: 11853: 11834: 11830: 11817: 11816: 11812: 11802: 11800: 11791: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11759: 11755: 11736: 11732: 11722: 11720: 11709: 11702: 11692: 11690: 11686: 11680: 11669: 11658: 11649: 11642: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11613: 11611: 11602: 11601: 11597: 11590: 11574: 11570: 11560: 11558: 11554: 11548: 11537: 11526: 11519: 11511: 11496: 11490: 11486: 11475:Queen's Printer 11469: 11468: 11464: 11457: 11441: 11437: 11418: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11385: 11381: 11358: 11354: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11329: 11313: 11309: 11302: 11286: 11282: 11261:Social Sciences 11253: 11246: 11227: 11223: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11186: 11170: 11166: 11152: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11067: 11063: 11056: 11040: 11036: 11029: 11013: 11009: 10991: 10987: 10980: 10964: 10960: 10953: 10937: 10933: 10926: 10910: 10906: 10899: 10883: 10879: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10845: 10829: 10825: 10818: 10802: 10798: 10790: 10779: 10775: 10774: 10770: 10757: 10756: 10752: 10742: 10740: 10732: 10731: 10727: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10684: 10668: 10664: 10656: 10649: 10645: 10644: 10640: 10627: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10569: 10568: 10564: 10557: 10541: 10537: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10506: 10505: 10501: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10473: 10471: 10462: 10461: 10457: 10446: 10435: 10431: 10430: 10426: 10413: 10412: 10408: 10395: 10394: 10390: 10380: 10378: 10363: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10334: 10333: 10329: 10322: 10306: 10302: 10294: 10283: 10277: 10273: 10265: 10258: 10252: 10248: 10227: 10226: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10197: 10196: 10192: 10185: 10167: 10163: 10156: 10140: 10136: 10119: 10118: 10114: 10107: 10091: 10087: 10070: 10069: 10065: 10052: 10051: 10047: 10040: 10024: 10020: 10001: 9997: 9987: 9985: 9976: 9975: 9968: 9958: 9956: 9947: 9946: 9942: 9935: 9919: 9908: 9901: 9881: 9877: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9819: 9818: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9787: 9783: 9776: 9756: 9752: 9742: 9740: 9725: 9721: 9708: 9706: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9669: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9637: 9622: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9591: 9587: 9580: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9544: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9507: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9476: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9448: 9444: 9437: 9429:. p. 173. 9417: 9413: 9394: 9390: 9367: 9360: 9337: 9333: 9326: 9310: 9306: 9275: 9271: 9264: 9254:Broadview Press 9246: 9242: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9213: 9207: 9203: 9188: 9184: 9165: 9164: 9160: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9125: 9124: 9120: 9112: 9101: 9095: 9091: 9066: 9062: 9043: 9039: 9032: 9018: 9014: 9007: 8991: 8987: 8980: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8939: 8935: 8928: 8910: 8903: 8896: 8880: 8876: 8853: 8849: 8842: 8816: 8812: 8805: 8789: 8785: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8738: 8725: 8718: 8702: 8698: 8691: 8675: 8671: 8664: 8648: 8644: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8610: 8594: 8590: 8580: 8578: 8569:Gagnon, Erica. 8567: 8563: 8556: 8540: 8536: 8526: 8524: 8509: 8505: 8495: 8493: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8435: 8434: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8390: 8376: 8372: 8365: 8347: 8343: 8336: 8328:. p. 226. 8316: 8312: 8299: 8298: 8294: 8275: 8271: 8264: 8242: 8238: 8207: 8203: 8196: 8180: 8176: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8103: 8099: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8070: 8054: 8050: 8043: 8027:Newman, Peter C 8024: 8020: 8013: 8003:Scarecrow Press 7993: 7989: 7982: 7966: 7962: 7955: 7939: 7935: 7917: 7913: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7800: 7796: 7789: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7744: 7740: 7733: 7717: 7713: 7706: 7679: 7675: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7633:. p. 209. 7621: 7617: 7610: 7594: 7590: 7583: 7569: 7565: 7558: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7509: 7505: 7498: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7396:"Leif Eriksson" 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7271: 7264: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7021: 7017: 7010: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6956: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6855: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6793:Lai, Jessica C. 6789: 6782: 6775: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6734: 6730: 6723: 6709: 6705: 6698: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6644: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6599: 6588: 6581: 6565: 6561: 6554: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6509: 6505: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6484: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6435: 6426: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6316: 6315: 6304: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6194: 6147:Anglican Church 6139:Catholic Church 6137: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6114: 6110: 6097: 6093: 6068: 6064: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6015: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5799: 5793: 5690: 5688:Music of Canada 5684: 5592: 5586: 5530:(NFB), and the 5477: 5475:Media of Canada 5471: 5424:Margaret Atwood 5408: 5402: 5394:$ 20 bank notes 5215: 5207:Main articles: 5205: 5182:cultural values 5142:higher taxation 5123:cultural mosaic 5094: 5088: 5068: 5001: 4993:Main articles: 4991: 4969: 4902:of 1984 and is 4886: 4880: 4832:Roman Catholics 4780: 4774: 4724:populations in 4638: 4637: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4625: 4622:Bilingual belts 4617: 4615: 4611: 4598: 4592: 4575: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4384:Waterloo Region 4180:Ottawa–Gatineau 4027: 4026: 4021: 4018: 4016: 3991: 3956:economic policy 3929: 3921:Main articles: 3919: 3847:cystic fibrosis 3839:T-cell receptor 3811:plate tectonics 3717:Nobel laureates 3709: 3703: 3650:). As of 2023, 3626: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3597:, of which the 3556:Western nations 3508: 3488:trading nations 3480: 3450: 3444: 3379:Alongside many 3362: 3356: 3348:Main articles: 3346: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3201: 3195: 3142:Northern Canada 3138:Atlantic Canada 3109: 3105: 3094: 3088: 3082: 2966: 2960: 2937:confidence vote 2919:or riding. The 2820: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2807: 2799: 2798: 2789: 2781: 2780: 2771: 2649:, alongside an 2617:Aerial view of 2611: 2603:Main articles: 2601: 2573:protected areas 2511: 2505: 2477:Northern Canada 2442: 2434:Main articles: 2432: 2408:Coast Mountains 2388:Rocky Mountains 2356:interior plains 2352:Canadian Shield 2315:(and hence the 2268: 2262: 2256: 2209:Canadian deaths 2203:". Canada sent 2144:in the West. A 2126:Parti Québécois 2082:Canada Act 1982 2038:maple leaf flag 2015: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1830: 1803:Indian reserves 1795:nation building 1753:had been united 1707: 1699:Alaska Purchase 1657:The desire for 1502: 1431:of New France, 1364:in the name of 1326:British America 1314: 1176: 1171: 1161: 1155: 1134:Canada Act 1982 1054:Jacques Cartier 1032: 1026: 998:multilateralism 976:, Canada has a 913:of the elected 879:Canada Act 1982 794: 793:of just over 41 789:regions. It is 723: 720: 704: 690:Canadian dollar 673: 672: 671: 660: 648: 647: 646: 635: 614: 598: 596: 588: 576: 555: 541: 533: 517: 501: 486: 463: 446: 436: 422: 401: 388: 373: 359: 343: 328: 299: 284: 279: 267: 243: 221: 184:45.400; -75.667 183: 181: 177: 174: 169: 166: 164: 162: 161: 160: 140: 139: 127: 112: 103: 87: 67: 66: 65: 60: 52: 51: 46: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 24470: 24460: 24459: 24454: 24449: 24444: 24439: 24434: 24429: 24424: 24419: 24414: 24409: 24404: 24399: 24394: 24389: 24340: 24339: 24334: 24333: 24330: 24329: 24327: 24326: 24321: 24316: 24311: 24306: 24301: 24296: 24291: 24286: 24281: 24276: 24271: 24266: 24257: 24241: 24236: 24231: 24226: 24221: 24215: 24209: 24207: 24203: 24202: 24200: 24199: 24194: 24189: 24184: 24179: 24174: 24169: 24164: 24159: 24154: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24124: 24118: 24116: 24112: 24111: 24109: 24108: 24103: 24098: 24093: 24088: 24083: 24078: 24073: 24068: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24043: 24038: 24033: 24028: 24023: 24018: 24013: 24011:Ottoman Empire 24008: 24003: 23998: 23993: 23988: 23983: 23978: 23973: 23971:Kartli-Kakheti 23968: 23963: 23958: 23953: 23948: 23943: 23938: 23933: 23928: 23923: 23918: 23913: 23908: 23903: 23898: 23893: 23888: 23883: 23878: 23873: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23832: 23830: 23826: 23825: 23823: 23822: 23810: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23770: 23765: 23760: 23753: 23748: 23743: 23738: 23733: 23728: 23723: 23718: 23713: 23708: 23703: 23698: 23693: 23688: 23683: 23678: 23673: 23668: 23663: 23653: 23646: 23641: 23636: 23631: 23626: 23621: 23616: 23611: 23606: 23601: 23595: 23593: 23589: 23588: 23586: 23585: 23580: 23575: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23529: 23527: 23523: 23522: 23520: 23519: 23512: 23507: 23502: 23497: 23492: 23487: 23482: 23477: 23472: 23467: 23462: 23457: 23452: 23447: 23442: 23437: 23432: 23427: 23422: 23417: 23412: 23407: 23402: 23397: 23392: 23387: 23382: 23380:Central Africa 23377: 23372: 23367: 23362: 23357: 23352: 23347: 23341: 23339: 23332: 23326: 23325: 23322: 23321: 23319: 23318: 23316:United Kingdom 23313: 23308: 23303: 23298: 23293: 23288: 23283: 23282: 23281: 23276: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23241: 23236: 23230: 23228: 23222: 23221: 23219: 23218: 23212: 23210: 23204: 23203: 23201: 23200: 23195: 23190: 23185: 23180: 23175: 23170: 23165: 23160: 23155: 23150: 23144: 23142: 23136: 23135: 23133: 23132: 23125: 23120: 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23075: 23070: 23065: 23059: 23057: 23051: 23050: 23048: 23047: 23040: 23035: 23030: 23024: 23022: 23013: 23009: 23008: 23006: 23005: 23000: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22973:Prince regnant 22970: 22969: 22968: 22958: 22953: 22947: 22945: 22941: 22940: 22938: 22937: 22932: 22927: 22922: 22917: 22912: 22907: 22902: 22897: 22892: 22890:Decolonization 22887: 22882: 22877: 22872: 22867: 22861: 22859: 22855: 22854: 22852: 22851: 22846: 22844:Personal union 22841: 22836: 22831: 22826: 22821: 22816: 22814:Constitutional 22811: 22805: 22803: 22799: 22798: 22796: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22769: 22766: 22765: 22758: 22757: 22750: 22743: 22735: 22726: 22725: 22719: 22716: 22715: 22712: 22711: 22709: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22663: 22658: 22656:Cayman Islands 22653: 22648: 22643: 22636: 22631: 22626: 22620: 22618: 22616:United Kingdom 22612: 22611: 22609: 22608: 22603: 22595: 22593: 22587: 22586: 22584: 22583: 22581:Norfolk Island 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22558: 22551: 22545: 22543: 22534: 22528: 22527: 22525: 22524: 22519: 22513: 22511: 22505: 22504: 22502: 22501: 22496: 22491: 22489:United Kingdom 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22441: 22436: 22431: 22426: 22421: 22416: 22411: 22406: 22401: 22396: 22391: 22386: 22381: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22361: 22356: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22336: 22331: 22326: 22321: 22316: 22311: 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22261: 22256: 22251: 22246: 22241: 22236: 22231: 22226: 22220: 22218: 22210: 22209: 22198: 22197: 22190: 22183: 22175: 22166: 22165: 22162: 22161: 22147: 22144: 22143: 22141: 22140: 22135: 22129: 22127: 22123: 22122: 22120: 22119: 22114: 22109: 22107:Cayman Islands 22104: 22099: 22094: 22088: 22086: 22085:United Kingdom 22082: 22081: 22079: 22078: 22073: 22068: 22062: 22060: 22056: 22055: 22053: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22040:St. Barthélemy 22037: 22031: 22029: 22025: 22024: 22022: 22021: 22015: 22013: 22006: 22000: 21999: 21992: 21990: 21987: 21986: 21984: 21983: 21982: 21981: 21976: 21966: 21965: 21964: 21962:Sint Eustatius 21959: 21954: 21944: 21943: 21942: 21937: 21927: 21926: 21925: 21914: 21912: 21908: 21907: 21905: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21869: 21864: 21859: 21854: 21849: 21844: 21839: 21834: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21814: 21809: 21804: 21799: 21794: 21788: 21786: 21779: 21773: 21772: 21761: 21760: 21753: 21746: 21738: 21732: 21729: 21728: 21726:Related topics 21716: 21715: 21713: 21712: 21700: 21685: 21682: 21681: 21679: 21678: 21673: 21668: 21663: 21661:Historiography 21658: 21652: 21650: 21646: 21645: 21643: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21626: 21624: 21620: 21619: 21616: 21615: 21613: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21592: 21591: 21590: 21580: 21575: 21569: 21567: 21556: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21540: 21535: 21530: 21525: 21520: 21515: 21510: 21505: 21500: 21495: 21490: 21485: 21479: 21477: 21471: 21470: 21468: 21467: 21462: 21457: 21456: 21455: 21445: 21444: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21423: 21422: 21421: 21416: 21406: 21405: 21404: 21393: 21391: 21387: 21386: 21383: 21382: 21380: 21379: 21377:Municipalities 21374: 21369: 21363: 21361: 21357: 21356: 21354: 21353: 21348: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21327: 21326: 21315: 21313: 21306: 21300: 21299: 21297: 21296: 21291: 21289:Transportation 21286: 21281: 21276: 21274:Stock exchange 21271: 21270: 21269: 21259: 21254: 21249: 21244: 21242:Communications 21239: 21238: 21237: 21227: 21226: 21225: 21220: 21209: 21207: 21201: 21200: 21197: 21196: 21194: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21177: 21176: 21171: 21166: 21156: 21151: 21145: 21143: 21132: 21131: 21130: 21129: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21108: 21107: 21097: 21096: 21095: 21088:Prime Minister 21085: 21079: 21070: 21069: 21068: 21058: 21053: 21047: 21045: 21039: 21038: 21035: 21034: 21032: 21031: 21026: 21021: 21016: 21011: 21009:National Parks 21006: 21001: 20996: 20991: 20985: 20983: 20975: 20974: 20972: 20971: 20970: 20969: 20968: 20967: 20955:Eastern Canada 20952: 20951: 20950: 20943:Central Canada 20940: 20935: 20930: 20929: 20928: 20927: 20926: 20916: 20909:Western Canada 20905: 20903: 20901:(west to east) 20888: 20882: 20881: 20878: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20858: 20856: 20852: 20851: 20849: 20848: 20843: 20838: 20833: 20828: 20823: 20818: 20813: 20808: 20803: 20797: 20795: 20788: 20780: 20779: 20776: 20775: 20773: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20700:Constitutional 20696: 20694: 20686: 20685: 20683: 20682: 20677: 20672: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20652: 20647: 20641: 20639: 20620: 20614: 20613: 20606: 20605: 20598: 20591: 20583: 20575: 20574: 20563: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20541: 20540: 20531: 20525:Canada profile 20522: 20496: 20479: 20478:External links 20476: 20474: 20473: 20467: 20452: 20446: 20431: 20425: 20405:Social welfare 20402: 20401: 20377: 20371: 20356: 20350: 20329: 20328: 20322: 20307: 20301: 20280: 20279: 20273: 20260: 20254: 20239: 20233: 20218: 20212: 20191: 20190: 20184: 20169: 20163: 20142: 20141: 20135: 20120: 20105: 20099: 20078: 20077: 20069: 20063: 20048: 20032: 20031: 20025: 20010: 20004: 19989: 19983: 19957: 19956: 19950: 19929: 19917: 19914: 19911: 19910: 19892: 19867: 19851: 19844: 19824: 19817: 19796: 19789: 19769: 19762: 19742: 19735: 19715: 19683: 19657: 19631: 19598: 19591: 19573: 19566: 19546: 19539: 19519: 19500: 19482: 19456: 19430: 19408: 19401: 19381: 19374: 19354: 19347: 19321: 19314: 19294: 19287: 19263: 19245:. p. 10. 19231: 19224: 19204: 19178: 19171: 19151: 19125: 19118: 19100: 19093: 19075: 19068: 19048: 19041: 19021: 19006: 18999: 18979: 18968:(2): 263–283. 18952: 18945: 18927: 18902: 18895: 18875: 18868: 18848: 18841: 18823: 18816: 18796: 18789: 18769: 18762: 18742: 18735: 18709: 18702: 18682: 18675: 18655: 18637: 18611: 18604: 18584: 18577: 18557: 18541: 18534: 18514: 18507: 18487: 18480: 18460: 18453: 18434: 18427: 18407: 18400: 18380: 18373: 18367:. p. 19. 18349: 18342: 18319: 18312: 18294: 18287: 18265: 18258: 18238: 18231: 18211: 18191: 18184: 18162: 18155: 18127: 18113: 18086: 18079: 18059: 18052: 18032: 18000: 17974: 17942: 17935: 17917: 17910: 17890: 17879:(2): 213–236. 17863: 17837: 17810: 17807:. p. 234. 17791: 17784: 17764: 17757: 17737: 17730: 17710: 17703: 17683: 17676: 17656: 17649: 17629: 17600: 17593: 17569: 17562: 17556:. p. 88. 17538: 17531: 17511: 17485: 17463: 17446: 17426: 17400: 17374: 17356:. OECD. 2011. 17342: 17316: 17290: 17261: 17235: 17228: 17208: 17186: 17179: 17159: 17152: 17132: 17125: 17119:. p. 73. 17101: 17094: 17074: 17060: 17041: 17015: 16987: 16938: 16908: 16894: 16877: 16845: 16823: 16806: 16792: 16785: 16762: 16744: 16739:Disabled World 16722: 16715: 16695: 16688: 16663: 16637: 16630: 16610: 16603: 16585: 16567: 16560: 16540: 16522: 16508: 16494: 16477:"Christianity" 16468: 16454: 16447: 16427: 16420: 16400: 16393: 16373: 16366: 16346: 16339: 16319: 16312: 16292: 16285: 16265: 16258: 16238: 16231: 16211: 16193: 16168: 16161: 16141: 16134: 16114: 16096: 16089: 16063: 16056: 16038: 16012: 16005: 15983: 15976: 15956: 15949: 15925: 15918: 15894: 15869: 15839: 15824:, Dated 2006. 15809: 15791: 15777: 15750: 15732: 15718: 15700: 15682: 15665: 15651: 15644: 15624: 15617: 15597: 15590: 15570: 15540: 15526: 15503: 15477: 15454: 15447: 15427: 15401: 15394: 15366: 15359: 15337: 15330: 15310: 15284: 15255: 15248: 15228: 15221: 15215:. p. 11. 15197: 15190: 15184:. p. 51. 15166: 15159: 15139: 15109: 15087: 15061: 15054: 15034: 15016: 15009: 14983: 14976: 14956: 14938: 14893: 14874:(2): 271–273. 14856: 14833: 14799: 14778: 14747: 14729: 14711: 14704: 14684: 14666: 14640: 14626: 14608: 14583: 14561: 14547: 14521: 14503: 14473: 14447: 14423: 14416: 14396: 14373: 14355: 14348: 14330: 14323: 14303: 14296: 14290:. p. 38. 14272: 14251: 14222: 14215: 14192: 14174: 14163: 14143: 14112: 14087: 14061: 14039: 14016: 13986: 13967: 13939: 13907: 13900: 13880: 13858: 13851: 13831: 13805: 13790: 13770: 13751: 13712: 13690: 13668: 13643: 13636: 13612: 13605: 13585: 13578: 13558: 13551: 13531: 13524: 13504: 13497: 13474: 13444: 13412: 13361: 13342: 13322: 13315: 13295: 13288: 13268: 13250:. April 2023. 13232: 13214: 13196: 13178: 13160: 13138: 13107: 13100: 13083: 13076: 13056: 13049: 13029: 13003: 12996: 12978: 12949: 12938:(4): 675–691. 12920: 12913: 12893: 12876: 12854: 12824: 12794: 12787: 12767: 12753: 12733: 12726: 12706: 12699: 12679: 12672: 12649: 12616: 12609: 12589: 12582: 12562: 12534: 12527: 12507: 12492: 12485: 12461: 12454: 12434: 12427: 12407: 12375: 12368: 12344: 12308: 12301: 12281: 12274: 12254: 12228: 12221: 12203: 12196: 12176: 12169: 12145: 12130: 12103: 12085: 12078: 12060: 12053: 12033: 12026: 12006: 11999: 11979: 11953: 11927: 11920: 11900: 11877: 11851: 11828: 11810: 11784: 11777: 11753: 11730: 11700: 11678: 11661:Forsey, Eugene 11647: 11640: 11621: 11595: 11588: 11568: 11546: 11517: 11484: 11462: 11455: 11435: 11412: 11379: 11368:(2): 213–236. 11352: 11334: 11327: 11307: 11300: 11280: 11244: 11235:Policy Options 11221: 11214: 11194: 11184: 11164: 11150: 11130: 11120: 11100: 11081:(3): 583–605. 11061: 11054: 11034: 11027: 11007: 10985: 10978: 10958: 10951: 10931: 10924: 10904: 10897: 10877: 10870: 10850: 10843: 10823: 10816: 10796: 10768: 10750: 10725: 10707: 10689: 10682: 10662: 10638: 10617: 10610: 10590: 10583: 10562: 10555: 10535: 10517: 10499: 10481: 10455: 10424: 10406: 10388: 10357: 10327: 10320: 10300: 10271: 10246: 10220: 10190: 10183: 10161: 10154: 10134: 10112: 10105: 10085: 10063: 10045: 10038: 10018: 9995: 9966: 9940: 9933: 9906: 9899: 9875: 9868: 9848: 9830: 9812: 9781: 9774: 9768:. p. 88. 9750: 9719: 9686: 9667: 9647: 9616: 9585: 9578: 9570:15, 59–61, 194 9554: 9528: 9495: 9469: 9462: 9442: 9435: 9411: 9388: 9377:(4): 727–752. 9358: 9347:(2): 288–305. 9331: 9324: 9304: 9269: 9262: 9240: 9201: 9182: 9158: 9140: 9118: 9089: 9078:(3): 145–152. 9060: 9037: 9030: 9012: 9005: 8985: 8978: 8958: 8951: 8933: 8926: 8901: 8894: 8874: 8847: 8840: 8828:McGill-Queen's 8810: 8803: 8783: 8761: 8754: 8723: 8716: 8696: 8689: 8669: 8662: 8642: 8635: 8615: 8608: 8588: 8561: 8554: 8534: 8503: 8477: 8462: 8441:Canadian Atlas 8425: 8395: 8388: 8370: 8363: 8341: 8334: 8310: 8292: 8269: 8262: 8236: 8223:10.2307/743779 8217:(1): 121–174. 8201: 8194: 8174: 8151: 8144: 8124: 8117: 8097: 8075: 8068: 8048: 8041: 8018: 8011: 8005:. p. 49. 7987: 7980: 7960: 7953: 7933: 7911: 7882: 7852: 7833:(185): 25–52. 7821: 7814: 7794: 7787: 7765: 7758: 7738: 7731: 7711: 7704: 7673: 7666: 7646: 7639: 7615: 7608: 7588: 7581: 7563: 7556: 7536: 7529: 7503: 7496: 7476: 7469: 7444: 7437: 7417: 7386: 7354: 7332: 7296: 7269: 7262: 7242: 7235: 7215: 7208: 7185: 7178: 7158: 7151: 7131: 7124: 7104: 7097: 7077: 7070: 7046: 7039: 7015: 7008: 6988: 6981: 6961: 6954: 6934: 6927: 6905: 6898: 6876: 6869: 6844: 6814: 6807: 6780: 6773: 6755: 6748: 6728: 6721: 6703: 6696: 6676: 6669: 6649: 6642: 6624: 6617: 6586: 6579: 6559: 6552: 6532: 6525: 6503: 6489: 6482: 6460: 6453: 6424: 6417: 6397: 6361: 6339: 6302: 6284: 6258: 6228: 6219:"Royal Anthem" 6209: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6131: 6121: 6108: 6091: 6073:that embody a 6062: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6006: 5990: 5987: 5889:Curling Canada 5795:Main article: 5792: 5789: 5781:English Canada 5734:radio stations 5718:conservatories 5686:Main article: 5683: 5680: 5660:Frank Johnston 5636:Group of Seven 5588:Main article: 5585: 5582: 5473:Main article: 5470: 5467: 5432:Nobel laureate 5404:Main article: 5401: 5398: 5342:Canadian horse 5287:Arms of Canada 5283:previous flags 5204: 5201: 5162:women's rights 5158:social liberal 5090:Main article: 5087: 5084: 5031:, followed by 4990: 4987: 4882:Main article: 4879: 4876: 4813:post-Christian 4776:Main article: 4773: 4770: 4758:sign languages 4714:Quebec's 1974 4656:mother tongues 4632: 4626: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4594:Main article: 4591: 4588: 4445:North American 4421:Main article: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4185:Ontario–Quebec 4182: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4164: 4162:Niagara Region 4159: 4156: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4022: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3992: 3989: 3984: 3918: 3915: 3843:Fanconi anemia 3801:, mapping the 3795:atomic nucleus 3731:. The country 3705:Main article: 3702: 3699: 3618: 3612: 3595:primary sector 3530:use data from 3516:Bank of Canada 3446:Main article: 3443: 3440: 3345: 3342: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3197:Main article: 3194: 3191: 3147:Eastern Canada 3134:Central Canada 3130:Western Canada 3084:Main article: 3081: 3078: 3048:predominates. 3028:Richard Wagner 2976:(known as the 2962:Main article: 2959: 2956: 2810:Justin Trudeau 2808: 2801: 2800: 2790: 2783: 2782: 2778:King of Canada 2772: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2757:prime minister 2735:branches. The 2698:Bloc Québécois 2643:social justice 2627:full democracy 2600: 2597: 2558:glacial period 2507:Main article: 2504: 2501: 2431: 2428: 2380:Boreal forests 2296:Atlantic Ocean 2258:Main article: 2255: 2252: 2138:Bloc Québécois 2119:October Crisis 2071:A copy of the 2014: 2011: 1984:its liberation 1976:Dutch monarchy 1883:Canadian Corps 1865: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1779:), passed the 1706: 1703: 1640:United Kingdom 1501: 1498: 1374:King Francis I 1362:Atlantic coast 1313: 1310: 1200:Bluefish Caves 1196:Old Crow Flats 1186:by way of the 1175: 1172: 1157:Main article: 1154: 1151: 1030:Name of Canada 1028:Main article: 1025: 1022: 907:prime minister 759:Atlantic Ocean 742: 741: 736: 730: 729: 721: 714: 711: 710: 702: 698: 697: 687: 683: 682: 663: 653: 652: 649:low inequality 638: 628: 627: 622:$ 54,866 ( 615: 612: 609: 608: 589: 586: 583: 582: 579: 569: 568: 563:$ 60,495 ( 556: 553: 550: 549: 534: 531: 528: 527: 524: 510: 509: 502: 500:• Density 499: 496: 495: 487: 480: 477: 476: 464: 461: 458: 457: 451: 450: 447: 444: 441: 440: 437: 434: 431: 430: 423: 420: 417: 416: 410: 409: 406: 405: 404:April 17, 1982 402: 396: 393: 392: 389: 381: 378: 377: 374: 368: 365: 364: 361: 360: 357:United Kingdom 354: 350: 349: 344: 338: 335: 334: 329: 323: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 306: 305: 303:Justin Trudeau 300: 297:Prime Minister 294: 291: 290: 285: 277: 274: 273: 268: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 241: 235: 234: 229: 223: 222: 220: 219: 214: 208: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 155: 151: 150: 142: 141: 125: 113: 101: 90: 89: 69: 68: 61: 54: 53: 47: 40: 39: 38: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24469: 24458: 24455: 24453: 24450: 24448: 24445: 24443: 24440: 24438: 24435: 24433: 24430: 24428: 24425: 24423: 24420: 24418: 24415: 24413: 24410: 24408: 24405: 24403: 24400: 24398: 24395: 24393: 24390: 24388: 24385: 24384: 24382: 24375: 24372: 24325: 24322: 24320: 24317: 24315: 24312: 24310: 24307: 24305: 24302: 24300: 24297: 24295: 24292: 24290: 24287: 24285: 24282: 24280: 24277: 24275: 24272: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24261: 24258: 24255: 24254: 24249: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24219: 24216: 24214: 24211: 24210: 24208: 24204: 24198: 24195: 24193: 24190: 24188: 24185: 24183: 24180: 24178: 24175: 24173: 24170: 24168: 24165: 24163: 24160: 24158: 24155: 24153: 24150: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24132:Easter Island 24130: 24128: 24125: 24123: 24120: 24119: 24117: 24113: 24107: 24104: 24102: 24099: 24097: 24094: 24092: 24089: 24087: 24084: 24082: 24079: 24077: 24074: 24072: 24069: 24067: 24064: 24062: 24059: 24057: 24054: 24052: 24049: 24047: 24044: 24042: 24039: 24037: 24034: 24032: 24029: 24027: 24024: 24022: 24019: 24017: 24014: 24012: 24009: 24007: 24004: 24002: 23999: 23997: 23994: 23992: 23989: 23987: 23984: 23982: 23979: 23977: 23974: 23972: 23969: 23967: 23964: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23954: 23952: 23949: 23947: 23944: 23942: 23939: 23937: 23934: 23932: 23929: 23927: 23924: 23922: 23919: 23917: 23914: 23912: 23909: 23907: 23904: 23902: 23899: 23897: 23894: 23892: 23889: 23887: 23884: 23882: 23879: 23877: 23874: 23872: 23869: 23867: 23864: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23833: 23831: 23827: 23820: 23819: 23814: 23811: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23774: 23771: 23769: 23766: 23764: 23761: 23759: 23758: 23754: 23752: 23749: 23747: 23744: 23742: 23739: 23737: 23734: 23732: 23729: 23727: 23724: 23722: 23719: 23717: 23714: 23712: 23709: 23707: 23704: 23702: 23699: 23697: 23694: 23692: 23689: 23687: 23684: 23682: 23679: 23677: 23674: 23672: 23671:Jabal Shammar 23669: 23667: 23664: 23661: 23657: 23654: 23652: 23651: 23647: 23645: 23642: 23640: 23637: 23635: 23632: 23630: 23627: 23625: 23622: 23620: 23617: 23615: 23612: 23610: 23607: 23605: 23602: 23600: 23597: 23596: 23594: 23590: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23530: 23528: 23524: 23518: 23517: 23513: 23511: 23508: 23506: 23503: 23501: 23498: 23496: 23493: 23491: 23488: 23486: 23483: 23481: 23478: 23476: 23473: 23471: 23468: 23466: 23463: 23461: 23458: 23456: 23453: 23451: 23448: 23446: 23443: 23441: 23438: 23436: 23433: 23431: 23428: 23426: 23423: 23421: 23418: 23416: 23413: 23411: 23408: 23406: 23403: 23401: 23398: 23396: 23393: 23391: 23388: 23386: 23383: 23381: 23378: 23376: 23373: 23371: 23368: 23366: 23363: 23361: 23358: 23356: 23353: 23351: 23348: 23346: 23343: 23342: 23340: 23336: 23333: 23331: 23327: 23317: 23314: 23312: 23309: 23307: 23304: 23302: 23299: 23297: 23294: 23292: 23289: 23287: 23284: 23280: 23277: 23275: 23272: 23271: 23270: 23267: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23242: 23240: 23237: 23235: 23232: 23231: 23229: 23227: 23223: 23217: 23214: 23213: 23211: 23209: 23205: 23199: 23196: 23194: 23191: 23189: 23186: 23184: 23181: 23179: 23176: 23174: 23171: 23169: 23166: 23164: 23163:Liechtenstein 23161: 23159: 23156: 23154: 23151: 23149: 23146: 23145: 23143: 23141: 23137: 23131: 23130: 23126: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23074: 23071: 23069: 23066: 23064: 23061: 23060: 23058: 23056: 23052: 23046: 23045: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23025: 23023: 23021: 23017: 23014: 23010: 23004: 23001: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22967: 22966:Queen regnant 22964: 22963: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22948: 22946: 22942: 22936: 22933: 22931: 22928: 22926: 22925:Republicanism 22923: 22921: 22918: 22916: 22913: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22905:Head of state 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22886: 22883: 22881: 22878: 22876: 22873: 22871: 22868: 22866: 22863: 22862: 22860: 22856: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22839:Non-sovereign 22837: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22820: 22817: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22806: 22804: 22800: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22770: 22767: 22763: 22756: 22751: 22749: 22744: 22742: 22737: 22736: 22733: 22723: 22717: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22641: 22637: 22635: 22632: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22621: 22619: 22617: 22613: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22601: 22597: 22596: 22594: 22592: 22588: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22557: 22556: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22546: 22544: 22542: 22538: 22535: 22533: 22529: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22515: 22514: 22512: 22510: 22506: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22457: 22455: 22452: 22450: 22447: 22445: 22442: 22440: 22437: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22380: 22377: 22375: 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22360: 22357: 22355: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22345: 22342: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22320: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22260: 22257: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22221: 22219: 22215: 22211: 22207: 22203: 22196: 22191: 22189: 22184: 22182: 22177: 22176: 22173: 22159: 22158: 22145: 22139: 22136: 22134: 22131: 22130: 22128: 22126:United States 22124: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22093: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22083: 22077: 22074: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22064: 22063: 22061: 22057: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22032: 22030: 22026: 22020: 22017: 22016: 22014: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22001: 21996: 21980: 21977: 21975: 21974:Nueva Esparta 21972: 21971: 21970: 21967: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21949: 21948: 21945: 21941: 21938: 21936: 21933: 21932: 21931: 21928: 21924: 21921: 21920: 21919: 21916: 21915: 21913: 21909: 21903: 21902:United States 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21825: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21789: 21787: 21783: 21780: 21778: 21774: 21770: 21769:North America 21766: 21759: 21754: 21752: 21747: 21745: 21740: 21739: 21736: 21730: 21723: 21711: 21710: 21701: 21699: 21698: 21687: 21686: 21683: 21677: 21674: 21672: 21669: 21667: 21664: 21662: 21659: 21657: 21654: 21653: 21651: 21647: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21627: 21625: 21621: 21611: 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21596: 21593: 21589: 21586: 21585: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21570: 21568: 21566: 21565: 21560: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21543:Protectionism 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21529: 21526: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21494: 21491: 21489: 21486: 21484: 21481: 21480: 21478: 21476: 21472: 21466: 21463: 21461: 21458: 21454: 21451: 21450: 21449: 21446: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21428: 21427: 21424: 21420: 21417: 21415: 21412: 21411: 21410: 21407: 21403: 21400: 21399: 21398: 21395: 21394: 21392: 21388: 21378: 21375: 21373: 21370: 21368: 21365: 21364: 21362: 21358: 21352: 21349: 21347: 21344: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21334: 21332: 21329: 21325: 21322: 21321: 21320: 21317: 21316: 21314: 21310: 21307: 21305: 21301: 21295: 21292: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21268: 21265: 21264: 21263: 21260: 21258: 21255: 21253: 21250: 21248: 21245: 21243: 21240: 21236: 21233: 21232: 21231: 21228: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21218:Dairy farming 21216: 21215: 21214: 21211: 21210: 21208: 21206: 21202: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21175: 21172: 21170: 21167: 21165: 21162: 21161: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21146: 21144: 21142: 21141: 21136: 21128: 21125: 21124: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21106: 21105:Supreme Court 21103: 21102: 21101: 21098: 21094: 21091: 21090: 21089: 21086: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21074: 21071: 21067: 21064: 21063: 21062: 21059: 21057: 21054: 21052: 21049: 21048: 21046: 21044: 21040: 21030: 21027: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21015: 21012: 21010: 21007: 21005: 21002: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20986: 20984: 20982: 20981: 20976: 20966: 20965:The Maritimes 20963: 20962: 20961: 20958: 20957: 20956: 20953: 20949: 20946: 20945: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20925: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20917: 20915: 20912: 20911: 20910: 20907: 20906: 20904: 20898: 20897: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20883: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20859: 20857: 20853: 20847: 20844: 20842: 20839: 20837: 20834: 20832: 20829: 20827: 20824: 20822: 20819: 20817: 20816:New Brunswick 20814: 20812: 20809: 20807: 20804: 20802: 20799: 20798: 20796: 20792: 20789: 20787: 20781: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20720:First Nations 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20697: 20695: 20693: 20692: 20687: 20681: 20678: 20676: 20673: 20671: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20646: 20643: 20642: 20640: 20638: 20636: 20630: 20629: 20624: 20621: 20619: 20615: 20611: 20604: 20599: 20597: 20592: 20590: 20585: 20584: 20581: 20577: 20573: 20570: 20569: 20568: 20567: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20547: 20546: 20545: 20539: 20535: 20532: 20530: 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UBC Press. 20226: 20225: 20219: 20215: 20209: 20205: 20204: 20198: 20197: 20196: 20195: 20187: 20181: 20177: 20176: 20170: 20166: 20160: 20156: 20155: 20149: 20148: 20147: 20146: 20138: 20132: 20129:. UBC Press. 20128: 20127: 20121: 20118: 20113:. OECD. 2022. 20112: 20111: 20106: 20102: 20096: 20092: 20091: 20085: 20084: 20083: 20082: 20074: 20070: 20066: 20060: 20056: 20055: 20049: 20045: 20044: 20039: 20038: 20037: 20036: 20028: 20022: 20018: 20017: 20011: 20007: 20001: 19997: 19996: 19990: 19986: 19980: 19975: 19974: 19968: 19967:Cohen, Andrew 19964: 19963: 19962: 19961: 19953: 19947: 19943: 19942: 19936: 19935: 19934: 19933: 19927: 19923: 19906: 19902: 19896: 19888: 19884: 19883: 19878: 19871: 19863: 19862: 19855: 19847: 19841: 19837: 19836: 19828: 19820: 19814: 19810: 19809: 19800: 19792: 19786: 19782: 19781: 19773: 19765: 19759: 19755: 19754: 19746: 19738: 19732: 19728: 19727: 19719: 19700: 19693: 19687: 19672: 19668: 19661: 19646: 19642: 19635: 19619: 19615: 19609: 19607: 19605: 19603: 19594: 19588: 19584: 19577: 19569: 19563: 19559: 19558: 19550: 19542: 19536: 19532: 19531: 19523: 19515: 19511: 19504: 19496: 19492: 19486: 19471: 19467: 19460: 19452: 19448: 19444: 19440: 19434: 19426: 19422: 19418: 19412: 19404: 19398: 19394: 19393: 19385: 19377: 19371: 19367: 19366: 19358: 19350: 19344: 19340: 19335: 19334: 19325: 19317: 19311: 19307: 19306: 19298: 19290: 19284: 19280: 19276: 19275: 19267: 19248: 19241: 19235: 19227: 19221: 19218:. Routledge. 19217: 19216: 19208: 19192: 19188: 19182: 19174: 19168: 19164: 19163: 19155: 19139: 19135: 19129: 19121: 19115: 19111: 19104: 19096: 19090: 19086: 19079: 19071: 19065: 19061: 19060: 19052: 19044: 19038: 19035:. Routledge. 19034: 19033: 19025: 19017: 19010: 19002: 18996: 18992: 18991: 18983: 18975: 18971: 18967: 18963: 18956: 18948: 18942: 18938: 18931: 18916: 18912: 18906: 18898: 18892: 18888: 18887: 18879: 18871: 18865: 18861: 18860: 18852: 18844: 18838: 18834: 18827: 18819: 18813: 18809: 18808: 18800: 18792: 18786: 18782: 18781: 18773: 18765: 18759: 18755: 18754: 18746: 18738: 18732: 18728: 18723: 18722: 18713: 18705: 18699: 18695: 18694: 18686: 18678: 18672: 18668: 18667: 18659: 18651: 18647: 18641: 18622: 18615: 18607: 18601: 18597: 18596: 18588: 18580: 18574: 18570: 18569: 18561: 18553: 18552: 18545: 18537: 18531: 18527: 18526: 18518: 18510: 18504: 18500: 18499: 18491: 18483: 18477: 18473: 18472: 18464: 18456: 18450: 18446: 18445: 18438: 18430: 18424: 18420: 18419: 18411: 18403: 18397: 18393: 18392: 18384: 18376: 18370: 18366: 18362: 18361: 18353: 18345: 18339: 18335: 18334: 18326: 18324: 18315: 18309: 18305: 18298: 18290: 18284: 18280: 18279: 18272: 18270: 18261: 18255: 18251: 18250: 18242: 18234: 18228: 18224: 18223: 18215: 18207: 18206: 18201: 18195: 18187: 18181: 18177: 18176: 18169: 18167: 18158: 18156:9781442680616 18152: 18148: 18144: 18140: 18139: 18131: 18123: 18117: 18101: 18097: 18090: 18082: 18076: 18072: 18071: 18063: 18055: 18049: 18045: 18044: 18036: 18017: 18010: 18004: 17988: 17984: 17978: 17959: 17952: 17946: 17938: 17932: 17928: 17921: 17913: 17907: 17903: 17902: 17894: 17886: 17882: 17878: 17874: 17867: 17851: 17847: 17841: 17833: 17829: 17825: 17821: 17814: 17806: 17802: 17795: 17787: 17781: 17777: 17776: 17768: 17760: 17754: 17750: 17749: 17741: 17733: 17727: 17723: 17722: 17714: 17706: 17700: 17696: 17695: 17687: 17679: 17673: 17669: 17668: 17660: 17652: 17646: 17642: 17641: 17633: 17624: 17619: 17615: 17611: 17604: 17596: 17590: 17586: 17582: 17581: 17573: 17565: 17559: 17555: 17551: 17550: 17542: 17534: 17528: 17524: 17523: 17515: 17500: 17499:National Post 17496: 17489: 17473: 17467: 17456: 17450: 17442: 17441: 17436: 17430: 17414: 17410: 17404: 17388: 17384: 17378: 17359: 17352: 17346: 17330: 17326: 17320: 17305: 17304:Education GPS 17301: 17294: 17288: 17287:Raw data OECD 17275: 17271: 17265: 17249: 17245: 17239: 17231: 17225: 17221: 17220: 17212: 17196: 17190: 17182: 17176: 17172: 17171: 17163: 17155: 17149: 17145: 17144: 17136: 17128: 17122: 17118: 17114: 17113: 17105: 17097: 17091: 17087: 17086: 17078: 17070: 17064: 17056: 17052: 17045: 17029: 17025: 17019: 17003: 17002: 16997: 16991: 16983: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16965: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16942: 16934: 16930: 16926: 16922: 16915: 16913: 16905:. OECD. 2017. 16904: 16898: 16891:. OECD. 2017. 16887: 16881: 16875: 16871: 16859: 16855: 16849: 16833: 16827: 16820:. OECD. 2019. 16816: 16810: 16802: 16796: 16788: 16782: 16778: 16777: 16769: 16767: 16758: 16754: 16748: 16740: 16736: 16732: 16726: 16718: 16712: 16708: 16707: 16699: 16691: 16685: 16681: 16680: 16672: 16670: 16668: 16651: 16647: 16641: 16633: 16627: 16623: 16622: 16614: 16606: 16600: 16596: 16589: 16581: 16577: 16571: 16563: 16557: 16553: 16552: 16544: 16536: 16532: 16526: 16518: 16512: 16504: 16498: 16482: 16478: 16472: 16464: 16458: 16450: 16444: 16440: 16439: 16431: 16423: 16417: 16413: 16412: 16404: 16396: 16390: 16386: 16385: 16377: 16369: 16363: 16359: 16358: 16350: 16342: 16336: 16332: 16331: 16323: 16315: 16309: 16305: 16304: 16296: 16288: 16282: 16278: 16277: 16269: 16261: 16255: 16251: 16250: 16242: 16234: 16228: 16224: 16223: 16215: 16207: 16200: 16198: 16182: 16178: 16172: 16164: 16158: 16154: 16153: 16145: 16137: 16131: 16127: 16126: 16118: 16110: 16106: 16100: 16092: 16086: 16082: 16078: 16074: 16067: 16059: 16053: 16049: 16042: 16026: 16022: 16016: 16008: 16002: 15998: 15994: 15987: 15979: 15973: 15969: 15968: 15960: 15952: 15946: 15942: 15938: 15937: 15929: 15921: 15915: 15911: 15907: 15906: 15898: 15890: 15886: 15882: 15881: 15873: 15862:September 10, 15857: 15853: 15849: 15843: 15827: 15823: 15819: 15813: 15805: 15801: 15795: 15787: 15781: 15765: 15761: 15754: 15746: 15742: 15736: 15728: 15722: 15714: 15710: 15704: 15696: 15692: 15686: 15678: 15672: 15670: 15661: 15655: 15647: 15641: 15637: 15636: 15628: 15620: 15614: 15610: 15609: 15601: 15593: 15587: 15583: 15582: 15574: 15558: 15554: 15552: 15544: 15536: 15530: 15522: 15518: 15512: 15510: 15508: 15491: 15487: 15481: 15473: 15467: 15465: 15463: 15461: 15459: 15450: 15444: 15440: 15439: 15431: 15415: 15411: 15405: 15397: 15391: 15387: 15383: 15382: 15377: 15370: 15362: 15356: 15352: 15351: 15344: 15342: 15333: 15327: 15323: 15322: 15314: 15299: 15295: 15288: 15280: 15276: 15275: 15270: 15259: 15251: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15232: 15224: 15218: 15214: 15210: 15209: 15201: 15193: 15187: 15183: 15182:Lonely Planet 15179: 15178: 15170: 15162: 15156: 15152: 15151: 15143: 15127: 15123: 15113: 15105: 15101: 15094: 15092: 15075: 15071: 15065: 15057: 15051: 15047: 15046: 15038: 15030: 15026: 15020: 15012: 15006: 15002: 14998: 14994: 14987: 14979: 14973: 14969: 14968: 14960: 14952: 14948: 14942: 14934: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14905: 14897: 14889: 14885: 14881: 14877: 14873: 14869: 14868: 14860: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14837: 14821: 14817: 14813: 14809: 14803: 14795: 14791: 14785: 14783: 14766: 14762: 14758: 14751: 14743: 14739: 14733: 14725: 14721: 14715: 14707: 14701: 14697: 14696: 14688: 14680: 14676: 14670: 14654: 14650: 14644: 14636: 14630: 14622: 14618: 14612: 14597: 14593: 14587: 14571: 14565: 14557: 14551: 14540:September 15, 14535: 14531: 14525: 14517: 14513: 14507: 14491: 14487: 14483: 14477: 14461: 14457: 14451: 14440: 14437:. FCC. 2017. 14433: 14427: 14419: 14413: 14409: 14408: 14400: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14377: 14369: 14365: 14359: 14351: 14345: 14341: 14334: 14326: 14320: 14316: 14315: 14307: 14299: 14293: 14289: 14285: 14284: 14276: 14268: 14264: 14258: 14256: 14244: 14240: 14233: 14226: 14218: 14212: 14208: 14207: 14199: 14197: 14188: 14184: 14178: 14170: 14166: 14160: 14156: 14155: 14147: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14123: 14116: 14108: 14104: 14103:National Post 14100: 14094: 14092: 14075: 14071: 14065: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14043: 14035: 14031: 14030:Credit Suisse 14027: 14020: 14004: 14000: 13996: 13990: 13974: 13970: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13952: 13951: 13943: 13924: 13917: 13911: 13903: 13897: 13893: 13892: 13884: 13876: 13872: 13868: 13862: 13854: 13848: 13844: 13843: 13835: 13819: 13815: 13809: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13774: 13765: 13761: 13755: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13721: 13719: 13717: 13708: 13704: 13700: 13694: 13686: 13682: 13678: 13672: 13664: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13647: 13639: 13637:9780191647703 13633: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13616: 13608: 13602: 13598: 13597: 13589: 13581: 13575: 13571: 13570: 13562: 13554: 13548: 13544: 13543: 13535: 13527: 13521: 13517: 13516: 13508: 13500: 13494: 13490: 13489: 13481: 13479: 13470: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13451: 13449: 13429: 13422: 13416: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13388: 13384: 13380: 13376: 13372: 13365: 13349: 13345: 13339: 13335: 13334: 13326: 13318: 13312: 13308: 13307: 13299: 13291: 13285: 13281: 13280: 13272: 13253: 13249: 13242: 13236: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13192: 13188: 13182: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13142: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13111: 13103: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13079: 13073: 13069: 13068: 13060: 13052: 13046: 13042: 13041: 13033: 13017: 13013: 13007: 12999: 12993: 12989: 12982: 12973: 12968: 12964: 12960: 12953: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12924: 12916: 12910: 12906: 12905: 12897: 12890:. p. 14. 12889: 12888: 12880: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12858: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12828: 12812: 12808: 12807:OECD iLibrary 12804: 12798: 12790: 12784: 12780: 12779: 12771: 12756: 12750: 12746: 12745: 12737: 12729: 12723: 12719: 12718: 12710: 12702: 12696: 12692: 12691: 12683: 12675: 12669: 12665: 12664: 12656: 12654: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12623: 12621: 12612: 12606: 12602: 12601: 12593: 12585: 12579: 12575: 12574: 12566: 12551: 12547: 12546: 12538: 12530: 12524: 12520: 12519: 12511: 12503: 12496: 12488: 12482: 12479:. p. 8. 12478: 12474: 12473: 12465: 12457: 12451: 12447: 12446: 12438: 12430: 12424: 12420: 12419: 12411: 12392: 12385: 12379: 12371: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12356: 12348: 12329: 12322: 12315: 12313: 12304: 12298: 12295:. UBC Press. 12294: 12293: 12285: 12277: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12258: 12242: 12238: 12232: 12224: 12218: 12214: 12207: 12199: 12193: 12189: 12188: 12180: 12172: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12157: 12149: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12114: 12107: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12081: 12075: 12071: 12064: 12056: 12050: 12046: 12045: 12037: 12029: 12023: 12019: 12018: 12010: 12002: 11996: 11992: 11991: 11983: 11967: 11963: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11923: 11917: 11913: 11912: 11904: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11865: 11861: 11855: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11838:"Sovereignty" 11832: 11824: 11820: 11814: 11798: 11794: 11788: 11780: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11765: 11757: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11734: 11718: 11714: 11707: 11705: 11685: 11681: 11675: 11668: 11667: 11662: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11643: 11637: 11633: 11632: 11625: 11609: 11605: 11599: 11591: 11585: 11581: 11580: 11572: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11536: 11535: 11530: 11524: 11522: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11488: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11466: 11458: 11452: 11448: 11447: 11439: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11416: 11405:September 25, 11400: 11396: 11395: 11390: 11383: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11356: 11348: 11344: 11338: 11330: 11324: 11321:. UBC Press. 11320: 11319: 11311: 11303: 11297: 11293: 11292: 11284: 11275: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11251: 11249: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11225: 11217: 11211: 11207: 11206: 11198: 11191: 11187: 11181: 11177: 11176: 11168: 11161: 11159: 11153: 11147: 11143: 11142: 11134: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11113: 11112: 11104: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11065: 11057: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11038: 11030: 11024: 11020: 11019: 11011: 11004: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10981: 10975: 10971: 10970: 10962: 10954: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10935: 10927: 10921: 10917: 10916: 10908: 10900: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10881: 10873: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10854: 10846: 10840: 10836: 10835: 10827: 10819: 10813: 10809: 10808: 10800: 10789: 10785: 10778: 10772: 10764: 10760: 10754: 10743:September 25, 10739: 10735: 10729: 10721: 10717: 10711: 10703: 10699: 10693: 10685: 10679: 10675: 10674: 10666: 10655: 10648: 10642: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10622: 10613: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10594: 10586: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10566: 10558: 10552: 10548: 10547: 10539: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10513: 10509: 10503: 10495: 10491: 10485: 10469: 10465: 10459: 10452: 10445: 10441: 10434: 10428: 10420: 10416: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10361: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10323: 10317: 10313: 10312: 10304: 10293: 10289: 10282: 10275: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10186: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10165: 10157: 10151: 10147: 10146: 10138: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10108: 10102: 10098: 10097: 10089: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10041: 10035: 10031: 10030: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10006: 9999: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9936: 9930: 9926: 9925: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9902: 9896: 9893:. p. 1. 9892: 9888: 9887: 9879: 9871: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9852: 9844: 9840: 9834: 9826: 9822: 9816: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9785: 9777: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9754: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9723: 9716: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9651: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9589: 9581: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9566: 9558: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9513: 9506: 9499: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9465: 9459: 9455: 9454: 9446: 9438: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9423: 9415: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9392: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9365: 9363: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9327: 9321: 9317: 9316: 9308: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9273: 9265: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9244: 9225: 9221: 9220: 9212: 9205: 9197: 9193: 9186: 9178: 9174: 9173: 9168: 9162: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9122: 9111: 9107: 9100: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9072: 9064: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9041: 9033: 9027: 9023: 9016: 9008: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8989: 8981: 8975: 8971: 8970: 8962: 8954: 8948: 8944: 8937: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8918:Dundurn Press 8915: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8891: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8851: 8843: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8814: 8806: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8787: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8766: 8757: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8700: 8692: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8673: 8665: 8659: 8655: 8654: 8646: 8638: 8632: 8628: 8627: 8619: 8611: 8605: 8601: 8600: 8592: 8576: 8572: 8565: 8557: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8538: 8522: 8518: 8517:The Archivist 8514: 8507: 8491: 8487: 8481: 8473: 8466: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8430: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8391: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8366: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8345: 8337: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8314: 8306: 8302: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8265: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8240: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8205: 8197: 8191: 8187: 8186: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8155: 8147: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8128: 8120: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8071: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8052: 8044: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8014: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7991: 7983: 7977: 7973: 7972: 7964: 7956: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7900:(1): 87–117. 7899: 7895: 7894: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7825: 7817: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7798: 7790: 7784: 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6853: 6851: 6849: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6810: 6804: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6787: 6785: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6759: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6732: 6724: 6718: 6714: 6707: 6699: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6680: 6672: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6653: 6645: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6620: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6582: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6563: 6555: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6536: 6528: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6493: 6485: 6479: 6474: 6473: 6464: 6456: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6420: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6382: 6378: 6371: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6210: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6143:United Church 6140: 6135: 6125: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6007: 6004: 6003:Canada portal 5993: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5908:winter sports 5905: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5808:sculpture by 5807: 5803: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5714:chamber halls 5711: 5707: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5648:Arthur Lismer 5645: 5644:A. Y. Jackson 5641: 5640:Lawren Harris 5637: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5600:The Jack Pine 5596: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5558:its own radio 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5512:English films 5508: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5451:that won the 5450: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5428:Booker Prizes 5425: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5407: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5354:Canadian beer 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5317: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4964:In 2021, the 4962: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4726:New Brunswick 4723: 4719: 4718: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4660:mother tongue 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4623: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4565: 4553: 4549: 4540: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4435:". The major 4434: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4013: 4008: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3946:enumerated a 3945: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887:Space Shuttle 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3815:deep learning 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:visual cortex 3800: 3796: 3792: 3791:polio vaccine 3788: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3769: 3768:space station 3765: 3761: 3757: 3756:Space Shuttle 3752: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3733:ranks seventh 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540:credit unions 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497:trade deficit 3493: 3489: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464:Canada has a 3459: 3454: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3397:Canadian Army 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249:international 3246: 3242: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2965: 2964:Law of Canada 2955: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2715:Canada has a 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:2021 election 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577:National Park 2574: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554:intact forest 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2304:Pacific Ocean 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2267: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2224:Islamic State 2221: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2193:Yugoslav Wars 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2150:Supreme Court 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2123:sovereigntist 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 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1515: 1510: 1509:Benjamin West 1506: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1449:explored the 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395:In 1583, Sir 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322:North America 1318: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1225:mixed descent 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213:First Nations 1210: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1118:and the word 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:multicultural 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 927:head of state 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Casson 5629: 5618: 5614: 5598: 5590:Canadian art 5574: 5536: 5504: 5490: 5460: 5442: 5417: 5409: 5374:butter tarts 5370:nanaimo bars 5334:Canada goose 5311: 5271: 5238:Fleur de lis 5221: 5190: 5178:cannabis use 5127: 5111:just society 5108: 5100: 5073: 5065: 5010: 4963: 4931: 4897: 4887: 4828:Christianity 4825: 4810: 4795: 4755: 4743: 4715: 4713: 4702: 4697: 4654:) being the 4641: 4572: 4528: 4485: 4478:The top 168 4426: 4337:Saskatchewan 4303:Saskatchewan 3980: 3972: 3941: 3917:Demographics 3855: 3777: 3741:Nature Index 3710: 3656: 3629: 3616: Canada 3584: 3520:central bank 3513: 3463: 3421:peacekeeping 3420: 3417: 3378: 3300:Canada is a 3299: 3261: 3245:multilateral 3241:middle power 3238: 3233: Canada 3182: 3170: 3168: 3145: 3115: 3059: 3050:Criminal law 3040: 3018: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2967: 2941: 2926: 2920: 2910: 2891: 2821: 2714: 2682:predecessors 2674:centre-right 2659: 2624: 2566: 2523: 2503:Biodiversity 2474: 2451: 2349: 2300:Arctic Ocean 2288:ranks fourth 2277: 2217: 2162: 2104: 2089: 2081: 2079: 2072: 2031: 2023:Crown colony 2016: 2003:Soviet Union 1992: 1988:Nazi Germany 1949: 1918: 1911: 1902: 1899:conscription 1872: 1819: 1780: 1770: 1766:Saskatchewan 1739:to form the 1722: 1720: 1656: 1633: 1621:Laura Secord 1572: 1532: 1512: 1474:Newfoundland 1471: 1432: 1394: 1354:Newfoundland 1346:Leif Erikson 1339: 1332:(blue), and 1259: 1244: 1211:include the 1192:Paleo-Indian 1177: 1142: 1132: 1130: 1125: 1119: 1111: 1105: 1093:Lower Canada 1089:Upper Canada 1078: 1073: 1061: 1035: 1033: 1010:peacekeeping 994:middle power 971: 889:Canada is a 888: 877: 871: 827: 783:meteorologic 767:Arctic Ocean 746: 745: 734:Internet TLD 587:• Total 532:• Total 485: census 439:11.76 (2015) 383: 376:July 1, 1867 195:Largest city 116:Royal anthem 114: 93: 73:Motto: 72: 63:Coat of arms 25: 24422:G20 members 24366: / 24248:British Raj 24220:(Sri Lanka) 24106:Württemberg 23818:South Yemen 23706:Maguindanao 23599:Afghanistan 23360:Barotseland 23296:Saint Lucia 23269:New Zealand 23178:Netherlands 22951:Chhatrapati 22935:Sovereignty 22875:Aristocracy 22676:Isle of Man 22591:New Zealand 22414:Saint Lucia 22384:New Zealand 22133:Puerto Rico 22059:Netherlands 21887:Saint Lucia 21837:El Salvador 21797:The Bahamas 21538:Individuals 21346:2021 Census 21331:Immigration 21213:Agriculture 21174:Transgender 21014:Great Lakes 20994:Earthquakes 20948:Great Lakes 20855:Territories 20826:Nova Scotia 20745:Monarchical 20730:Immigration 20499:‹ The 19708:January 27, 19197:October 28, 19144:January 11, 18920:October 16, 17967:February 1, 17826:(1): 1–10. 17504:January 11, 17419:October 20, 15832:October 12, 14738:"Leon Katz" 13979:October 17, 13932:October 21, 13800:j.ctt9qf36m 13739:PDF version 12400:October 16, 12337:October 23, 12247:October 24, 12140:j.ctv56fggn 11972:January 30, 11426:Macleans.ca 10546:Environment 10213:January 18, 9949:"Geography" 8165:CCHA Report 7923:Specialists 6837:February 3, 6322:www.imf.org 6251:October 11, 6193:(0.2%). 7.6 6075:pluralistic 5816:in Toronto. 5810:Edie Parker 5759:Juno Awards 5738:music video 5632:Tom Thomson 5605:Tom Thomson 5584:Visual arts 5570:Télé-Québec 5526:(CBC), the 5435:Alice Munro 5358:maple syrup 5338:common loon 5285:and on the 5226:Peace Tower 5170:LGBT rights 5138:suppression 5130:immigration 4722:Francophone 4686:(237,890). 4678:(508,410), 4670:(666,585), 4584:1921 census 4552:South Asian 4529:Of the 36.3 4282:Quebec City 4133:Nova Scotia 3952:immigration 3911:Black Brant 3819:multi-touch 3691:aeronautics 3477:nominal GDP 3428:Vietnam War 3368:A Canadian 2824:sovereignty 2774:Charles III 2729:legislative 2702:Green Party 2666:centre-left 2635:egalitarian 2470:wind chills 2400:fresh water 2321:Hans Island 2171:in 1989, a 2158:Clarity Act 2111:nationalist 2098:. In 1999, 2027:referendums 1956:Dieppe Raid 1646:as well as 1636:War of 1812 1617:War of 1812 1559:Ohio Valley 1527:Quebec City 1519:James Wolfe 1490:Nova Scotia 1488:. Mainland 1467:Beaver Wars 1451:Great Lakes 1405:Elizabeth I 1390:short-lived 1097:the Canadas 1050:Quebec City 959:its history 803:urban areas 773:, with the 670: 0.935 341:Lower house 326:Upper house 313:Legislature 271:Charles III 182: / 24381:Categories 24363:60°N 110°W 24314:Tanganyika 24229:The Gambia 24157:Niuē-Fekai 24096:Yugoslavia 23996:Montenegro 23803:Upper Yafa 23798:Upper Asir 23435:Madagascar 23168:Luxembourg 22900:Government 22865:Abdication 22834:Hereditary 22762:Monarchies 22686:Montserrat 22429:Seychelles 22369:Mozambique 22239:Bangladesh 22112:Montserrat 22045:St. Martin 21940:Martinique 21935:Guadeloupe 21817:Costa Rica 21666:Historians 21523:Literature 21436:Corruption 21419:Euthanasia 21409:Healthcare 21351:Population 21073:Parliament 21043:Government 20680:since 1982 20544:Government 19811:. US GPO. 19676:August 30, 19650:August 30, 19624:August 30, 19475:August 30, 19443:"O Canada" 19110:Emily Carr 17585:SUNY Press 16863:August 31, 16838:August 23, 16656:January 5, 16487:August 31, 16031:October 5, 15420:August 15, 15416:(in Latin) 14742:Science.ca 14724:Science.ca 14679:Science.ca 14675:"Lew Urry" 14080:August 14, 10474:August 10, 8830:. p. 7694:. p. 7325:January 6, 6205:References 6163:Anabaptist 6155:Baptistism 5932:volleyball 5834:basketball 5822:ice hockey 5672:Emily Carr 5497:uncensored 5400:Literature 5346:totem pole 5322:ice hockey 5275:maple leaf 5230:Tudor rose 5174:euthanasia 5069:US$ 20,000 5055:, and the 5021:provincial 4836:Christians 4366:Sherbrooke 3891:Radarsat-1 3863:Alouette 1 3831:stem cells 3827:Cygnus X-1 3823:black hole 3687:molybdenum 3683:platinoids 3492:globalized 3152:healthcare 3090:See also: 3042:Common law 2951:unicameral 2887:West Block 2792:Mary Simon 2700:; and the 2631:liberalism 2481:permafrost 2410:, and the 2374:, and the 2213:Korean War 2177:Oka Crisis 2086:patriation 2001:, and the 1970:, and the 1821:Indian Act 1555:Quebec Act 1457:, and the 1455:Hudson Bay 1425:Port Royal 1407:, founded 1382:Portuguese 1358:John Cabot 1330:New France 1147:Canada Day 1085:New France 787:geological 727:−2.5 to −7 708:−3.5 to −8 645: 29.2 494:36,991,981 455:Population 399:Patriation 317:Parliament 288:Mary Simon 239:Government 227:Demonym(s) 24284:Mauritius 24177:Rarotonga 24162:Nuku Hiva 24152:Mangareva 24127:Bora Bora 24006:Neuchâtel 23976:Lithuania 23881:Catalonia 23768:Sri Lanka 23721:Manchukuo 23696:Kurdistan 23650:Indonesia 23573:Talamanca 23533:Araucanía 23516:and other 23495:Wassoulou 23239:Australia 22915:Oligarchy 22666:Gibraltar 22541:Australia 22454:Sri Lanka 22439:Singapore 22364:Mauritius 22229:Australia 22217:(members) 22019:Greenland 21969:Venezuela 21872:Nicaragua 21847:Guatemala 21441:Terrorism 21397:Education 21336:Languages 21324:Ethnicity 21319:Canadians 21267:Petroleum 21247:Companies 21149:Elections 21029:Volcanism 21004:Mountains 20886:Geography 20794:Provinces 20784:Provinces 20715:Etymology 20675:1960–1981 20670:1945–1960 20628:Year list 20527:from the 20483:Overviews 19256:April 19, 13261:April 29, 13151:Skies Mag 13131:March 15, 13121:Canada.ca 10371:Canada.ca 10350:March 29, 9743:March 25, 9733:Canada.ca 9709:March 25, 9609:March 23, 9599:Canada.ca 8418:March 15, 8167:: 43–57. 7847:0165-2516 6390:March 13, 6332:April 16, 6179:Methodist 6141:(29.9%), 6087:brokerage 5936:badminton 5751:ensembles 5747:musicians 5743:composers 5722:academies 5566:TVOntario 5520:magazines 5418:Numerous 5386:50¢ piece 5033:secondary 4989:Education 4916:optometry 4912:dentistry 4904:universal 4870:, behind 4751:Inuktitut 4672:Cantonese 4590:Languages 4524:Ukrainian 4465:Caribbean 4437:panethnic 4417:Ethnicity 4298:Saskatoon 4257:1,418,118 4223:1,481,806 4189:1,488,307 4155:2,642,825 4146:Vancouver 4121:4,291,732 4087:6,202,225 3879:Canadarm3 3875:Canadarm2 3772:Canadarm2 3725:chemistry 3318:Five Eyes 3271:to France 3156:education 3046:civil law 2751:, on the 2706:Far-right 2633:, and an 2493:acid rain 2418:, having 2313:Greenland 2254:Geography 2195:, and in 2048:in 1971. 1945:George VI 1587:Loyalists 1482:four wars 1463:Louisiana 1443:Maritimes 1434:Canadiens 1429:colonists 1417:Tadoussac 1403:of Queen 1399:, by the 1344:explorer 1334:New Spain 1274:voyageurs 1103:in 1841. 1066:Donnacona 1058:Stadacona 1024:Etymology 843:, France 823:Vancouver 701:Time zone 674:very high 577:(nominal) 355:from the 24368:60; -110 24299:Rhodesia 24294:Pakistan 24213:Barbados 24182:Rimatara 24172:Rapa Iti 24101:Valencia 24076:Tavolara 24066:Scotland 24031:Portugal 23991:Moldavia 23876:Bulgaria 23871:Brittany 23846:Asturias 23726:Mongolia 23716:Maldives 23578:Trinidad 23568:Suriname 23526:Americas 23510:Zimbabwe 23505:Zanzibar 23490:Wituland 23465:Ngazidja 23460:Ndzuwani 23395:Ethiopia 23118:Thailand 23098:Malaysia 23078:Cambodia 23028:Eswatini 22824:Elective 22809:Absolute 22720:Source: 22671:Guernsey 22629:Anguilla 22459:Tanzania 22394:Pakistan 22354:Maldives 22349:Malaysia 22334:Kiribati 22279:Dominica 22264:Cameroon 22254:Botswana 22244:Barbados 22092:Anguilla 21918:Colombia 21857:Honduras 21827:Dominica 21802:Barbados 21709:Category 21649:Research 21623:Contents 21605:Heraldic 21513:Identity 21508:Holidays 21503:Folklore 21414:Abortion 21341:Religion 21279:Taxation 21186:Cannabis 21164:Intersex 21140:Politics 21112:Military 21024:Wildlife 20811:Manitoba 20740:Military 20710:Economic 20635:timeline 20501:template 19969:(2007). 19932:Overview 19905:Archived 19887:Archived 19699:Archived 19495:Archived 19451:Archived 19247:Archived 18974:41298655 18100:Archived 17987:Archived 17435:"Canada" 17393:March 8, 17358:Archived 17335:March 9, 17309:March 8, 17300:"Canada" 17280:March 9, 17254:March 8, 17034:March 8, 16982:36849179 16733:(2017). 16580:CBC News 16186:June 12, 16109:Archived 16025:Archived 15826:Archived 15770:June 30, 15745:Archived 15551:Canadian 15521:Archived 15279:Archived 15122:million" 15104:CBC News 15080:July 23, 15029:Archived 14951:Archived 14851:Archived 14820:Archived 14765:Archived 14601:June 10, 14490:Archived 14460:Archived 14439:Archived 14391:Archived 14368:Archived 14267:Archived 14243:Archived 14169:Archived 14107:Archived 14074:Archived 14072:. OECD. 14056:Archived 14054:. 2021. 14048:"Canada" 14034:Archived 14003:Archived 14001:. 2020. 13973:Archived 13953:. 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10241:Archived 10175:Springer 10080:Archived 10013:Archived 9982:Archived 9959:March 4, 9953:Archived 9843:Archived 9825:Archived 9799:Archived 9737:Archived 9703:Archived 9673:Archived 9634:Archived 9603:Archived 9521:March 8, 9406:Archived 9299:24674996 9224:Archived 9196:Archived 9177:Archived 9153:Archived 9135:Archived 8575:Archived 8490:Archived 8412:Archived 8305:Archived 8287:Archived 8169:Archived 8092:Archived 8029:(2016). 7875:July 23, 7869:Archived 7684:(1977). 7404:Archived 7379:July 23, 7349:Archived 7316:Archived 6831:Archived 6795:(2012). 6381:Archived 6297:Archived 6277:June 24, 6271:Archived 6245:Archived 6223:Archived 6191:Reformed 6183:Wesleyan 6177:(0.9%), 6175:Lutheran 6173:(0.2%), 6169:(0.4%), 6165:(0.4%), 6157:(1.2%), 6153:(1.7%), 6149:(3.1%), 6145:(3.3%), 6129:colour". 5989:See also 5896:swimming 5871:and the 5863:, three 5846:football 5838:baseball 5826:lacrosse 5806:Our Game 5785:O Canada 5698:O Canada 5634:and the 5534:(CRTC). 5382:$ 1 coin 5326:lacrosse 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24147:Huahine 24122:Abemama 24115:Oceania 24086:Tuscany 24041:Romania 24036:Prussia 24001:Navarre 23981:Majorca 23961:Ireland 23956:Imereti 23951:Iceland 23946:Hungary 23941:Hanover 23936:Granada 23926:Germany 23921:Georgia 23916:Galicia 23906:Finland 23896:Corsica 23891:Cilicia 23861:Bavaria 23851:Austria 23836:Albania 23808:Vietnam 23751:Sarawak 23741:Qu'aiti 23676:Kathiri 23639:Dapitan 23614:Bukhara 23563:Miskito 23485:Tunisia 23475:Shilluk 23385:Dahomey 23375:Burundi 23365:Bagirmi 23345:Adamawa 23264:Jamaica 23259:Grenada 23244:Bahamas 23208:Oceania 23158:Denmark 23153:Belgium 23148:Andorra 23063:Bahrain 23038:Morocco 23033:Lesotho 23012:Current 23003:Pharaoh 22956:Emperor 22895:Dynasty 22849:Regency 22829:Federal 22819:Diarchy 22773:Monarch 22634:Bermuda 22606:Tokelau 22494:Vanuatu 22389:Nigeria 22374:Namibia 22339:Lesotho 22324:Jamaica 22309:Grenada 22234:Bahamas 22204:of the 22202:Members 22097:Bermuda 22071:Curaçao 22012:Denmark 21952:Bonaire 21911:In part 21862:Jamaica 21842:Grenada 21676:Surveys 21671:Studies 21635:Outline 21610:Tartans 21564:Symbols 21553:Theatre 21498:Cuisine 21475:Culture 21448:Poverty 21390:Society 21284:Tourism 21257:Fishing 21230:Banking 21205:Economy 21061:Monarch 20999:Islands 20896:Regions 20867:Nunavut 20831:Ontario 20801:Alberta 20618:History 20503:below ( 20332:History 20081:Economy 19960:Culture 17367:July 4, 16973:9970629 16858:theOECD 15563:July 8, 15303:July 4, 14933:1574115 14913:Bibcode 14876:Bibcode 14796:. 2015. 14496:May 20, 14466:May 20, 13814:"About" 12847:May 29, 12817:May 28, 11803:May 23, 11723:May 23, 11693:May 23, 11614:May 23, 10381:May 18, 9988:May 20, 9547:May 23, 9488:May 23, 8527:May 23, 8496:May 23, 8455:May 23, 7410:June 4, 6161:(1.1%) 5940:bowling 5912:skating 5904:running 5900:cycling 5830:curling 5546:digital 5540:, both 5501:diverse 5378:poutine 5350:Inuksuk 5279:current 5246:thistle 5234:English 5203:Symbols 5193:British 5086:Culture 5017:federal 4860:Judaism 4852:Sikhism 4817:secular 4791:Toronto 4738:Ontario 4730:Alberta 4680:Tagalog 4668:Punjabi 4644:English 4516:Italian 4512:Chinese 4492:English 4457:African 4400:Kelowna 4393:575,847 4389:Ontario 4359:785,184 4355:Ontario 4325:834,678 4291:839,311 4253:Alberta 4235:Ontario 4219:Alberta 4214:Calgary 4201:Ontario 4196:Windsor 4167:Ontario 4128:Halifax 4099:Ontario 4083:Ontario 4078:Toronto 3721:physics 3518:is the 3442:Economy 3430:or the 3259:(GNP). 3160:welfare 3002:Charter 2994:Charter 2840:Cabinet 2755:of the 2696:); the 2430:Climate 2197:Somalia 2189:Balkans 2100:Nunavut 1762:Alberta 1729:Ontario 1689:and in 1607:Ontario 1292:by the 1184:Siberia 1153:History 967:culture 963:economy 933:and is 905:is the 897:in the 861:federal 833:British 815:Toronto 761:to the 677: ( 597:$ 2.242 481:• 397:• 382:• 369:• 339:• 324:• 295:• 278:• 265:Monarch 263:• 245:Federal 212:English 199:Toronto 170:75°40′W 167:45°24′N 154:Capital 120: " 96: " 94:Anthem: 24387:Canada 24324:Uganda 24274:Malawi 24239:Guyana 24218:Ceylon 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