Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)

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and in 2000 grew an estimated 3,276 tonnes of opium from poppy cultivation on 82,171 hectares. At this juncture Omar passed a decree banning the cultivation of opium, and production dropped to an estimated 74 metric tonnes from poppy cultivation on 1,685 hectares. Many observers say the ban – which came in a bid for international recognition at the United Nations – was only issued in order to raise opium prices and increase profit from the sale of large existing stockpiles. The year 1999 had yielded a record crop and had been followed by a lower but still large 2000 harvest. The trafficking of accumulated stocks by the Taliban continued in 2000 and 2001. In 2002, the UN mentioned the "existence of significant stocks of opiates accumulated during previous years of bumper harvests." In September 2001 – before 11 September attacks against the United States – the Taliban allegedly authorized Afghan peasants to sow opium again.

99: 550: 525: 164: 602: 2257:, receiving 100 lashes. Female employment was restricted to the medical sector, where male medical personnel were prohibited from treating women and girls. This extensive ban on the employment of women further resulted in the widespread closure of primary schools, as almost all teachers prior to the Taliban's rise had been women, further restricting access to education not only to girls but also to boys. Restrictions became especially severe after the Taliban took control of the capital. In February 1998, for instance, religious police forced all women off the streets of 2222: 2654: 1772: 2478: 2737: 1508: 85: 1497: 2524:

Buddha that had been slightly damaged due to rains. This shocked me. I thought, these callous people have no regard for thousands of living human beings – the Afghans who are dying of hunger, but they are so concerned about non-living objects like the Buddha. This was extremely deplorable. That is why I ordered its destruction. Had they come for humanitarian work, I would have never ordered the Buddha's destruction."

2751: 2765: 1919:(concealing the body with clothing), and to be accompanied outside their households by male relatives; those who violated these restrictions were punished. Men were forbidden to shave their beards and required to let them grow and keep them long according to the Taliban's liking, and to wear turbans outside their households. 2066:. We abide by the Amir's view even if he alone takes this view. There will not be a head of state. Instead there will be an Amir al-Mu'minin. Mullah Omar will be the highest authority, and the government will not be able to implement any decision to which he does not agree. General elections are incompatible with 2695:, the Finance Minister of the United Front, Wahidullah Sabawoon, declared the Taliban had no annual budget but that they "appeared to spend US$ 300 million a year, nearly all of it on war." He added that the Taliban had come to increasingly rely on three sources of money: "poppy, the Pakistanis and bin Laden." 2670:

establish a monopoly on all trade. By 2001, the per-capita income of the 25 million population was under $ 200, and the country was close to total economic collapse. As of 2007, the economy had begun to recover, with estimated foreign reserves of three billion dollars and a 13% increase in economic growth.

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In an economic sense, it seems, however, he had little choice, as due to the war of attrition continuing with the Northern Alliance, the income from continued opium production was all that prevented the country from starvation. By 2000 Afghanistan accounted for an estimated 75% of the world's supply

2531:

stated that the destruction was not a retaliation against the economic sanctions by the international community: "We are destroying the statues in accordance with Islamic law, and it is purely a religious issue." A statement issued by the Ministry of religious affairs of the Taliban regime justified

2720:

signed into effect executive order 13129. This order implemented a complete ban on any trade between the US and the Taliban regime and on 10 August they froze £5,000,000 in Ariana assets. On 19 December 2000, UN resolution 1333 was passed. It called for all assets to be frozen and for all states to

2009:

does not allow politics or political parties. That is why we give no salaries to officials or soldiers, just food, clothes, shoes, and weapons. We want to live a life like the Prophet lived 1400 years ago, and jihad is our right. We want to recreate the time of the Prophet, and we are only carrying

2523:

But in March 2001, the statues were destroyed by the Taliban following a decree issued by Mullah Omar. In a subsequent interview, Mullah Omar said: "I did not want to destroy the Bamiyan Buddha. In fact, some foreigners came to me and said they would like to conduct the repair work of the Bamiyan

2293:

learned through a 1999 news report that the Taliban had banned kite flying, a restriction he found particularly cruel, the news "struck a personal chord" for him, as he had grown up with the sport while living in Afghanistan. Hosseini was motivated to write a 25-page short story about two boys who

1981:

education". Several of them, such as the Minister of Health and Governor of the State bank, were primarily military commanders who were ready to leave their administrative posts to fight when needed. Military reverses that trapped them behind lines or led to their deaths increased the chaos in the

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This prompted an international outcry from nations such as Japan, India, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Nepal, Iran, Qatar, and Russia. Even Saudi Arabia and the UAE, both of which were among only three nations to recognize the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, voiced their opposition. The Arab branch of

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soon fell in value. The Taliban imposed a 50% tax on any company operating in the country, and those who failed to pay were attacked. They also imposed a 6% import tax on anything brought into the country, and by 1998 had control of the major airports and border crossings which allowed them to

2253:, a traditional dress covering the entire body except for a small slit out of which to see. Those accused of disobeying were publicly beaten. In one instance, a young woman named Sohaila was charged with adultery after walking with a man who was not a relative; she was publicly flogged in 2689:. The Taliban controlled 96% of Afghanistan's poppy fields and made opium its largest source of taxation. Taxes on opium exports became one of the mainstays of Taliban income and their war economy. According to Rashid, "drug money funded the weapons, ammunition and fuel for the war." In 2074:

The Taliban were very reluctant to share power, and since their ranks were overwhelmingly Pashtun they ruled as overlords over the 60% of Afghans from other ethnic groups. In local government, such as Kabul city council or Herat, Taliban loyalists, not locals, dominated, even when the

2020:), together with what they believed to be the early Islamic model. Discussion was followed by a building of a consensus by the "believers". Before capturing Kabul, there was talk of stepping aside once a government of "good Muslims" took power, and law and order were restored. 2673:

Under the Transit treaty between Afghanistan and Pakistan a massive network for smuggling developed. It had an estimated turnover of 2.5 billion dollars with the Taliban receiving between $ 100 and $ 130 million per year. These operations along with the trade from the

6055: 2320:: "The Taliban believe in non-interference in the affairs of other countries and similarly desire no outside interference in their country's internal affairs". Despite these isolationist policies, the Taliban entered in a deal for oil, electricity, and gas with 1702:. A small Taliban militia first emerged near Kandahar in the spring and summer of 1994, committing vigilante acts against minor warlords, with a fund of 250,000 USD from local businessmen. They soon began to receive backing from local Durrani Pashtun leaders. 1721:, with Mujahideen warlords often surrendering to them without a fight and the "heavily armed population" giving up their weapons. The Taliban initially enjoyed enormous good will from Afghans weary of the corruption, brutality, and the incessant fighting of 1717:, a few weeks later they freed "a convoy trying to open a trade route from Pakistan to Central Asia" from another group of warlords attempting to extort money. In the next three months this hitherto "unknown force" took control of twelve of Afghanistan's 34 2182:. On 4 April 1996, Mullah Omar had "the Cloak of the Prophet Mohammed" taken from its shrine for the first time in 60 years. Wrapping himself in the relic, he appeared on the roof of a building in the center of Kandahar while hundreds of Pashtun 2715:

took power the country's infrastructure was in ruins, Telecommunications had failed, the road network was destroyed and Ministry of Finance buildings were in such a state of disrepair some were on the verge of collapse. On 6 July 1999 president

3402: 2249:. For example, the Taliban issued edicts forbidding women from being educated, forcing girls to leave schools and colleges. Women leaving their houses were required to be accompanied by a male relative and were obligated to wear the 2410:

in 2001, international opposition to the Taliban regime running the Islamic Emirate drastically increased, and the only remaining diplomatic recognition by Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates was rescinded under growing pressure.

1949:

in Afghanistan; the Taliban succeeded in nearly eradicating the majority of the opium production (99%) by 2001. Under the Taliban governance of Afghanistan, both drug users and dealers were severely prosecuted. The Afghan custom of

1736:

people are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and comprised the vast majority of the Taliban movement. As the Taliban expanded from their southern and south-eastern strongholds, they encountered more resistance; their brand of

2170:), together with what they believed to be the early Islamic model. Discussion was followed by a building of a consensus by the "believers". As the group's power grew, decisions were made by Mullah Omar without consulting the 2710:

being cleared. Throughout the country millions of acres were denuded to supply timber to the Pakistani markets, with no attempt made at reforestation, which has led to significant environmental damage. By 2001, when the

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During the Taliban rule of 1996–2001, they banned many recreational activities and games, such as football, kite flying, and chess. General entertainment such as televisions, cinemas, music with instrumental

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first initiated contact with the Taliban in 1998. In November 2000, China's then-ambassador to Pakistan, Lu Shulin, became the first senior representative of a non-Muslim country to meet with Mullah Omar.

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The United Nations Security Council expressed deep distress over reports indicating that thousands of non-Afghani nationals – some younger than 14 years old – were involved in the fighting on the Taliban

2558:

The Taliban maintained 400 Soviet-built T-54/T-55 and T-62 tanks and more than 200 armored personnel carriers. The Taliban began training its own army and commanders; some were even trained by Pakistan's

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and without consulting other parts of the country. He visited the capital, Kabul, only twice while in power. Instead of an election, their leader's legitimacy came from an oath of allegiance ("

2101:. In May and June 2003, senior Taliban officials proclaimed the Taliban regrouped and ready for guerrilla war to expel US forces from Afghanistan. In late 2004, the then hidden Taliban leader 2982: 2563:. Islamabad continued to support the Taliban, as Pakistani allies, in their push to conquer Afghanistan in the 1990s. The Islamic Army used child soldiers, many of them under 14 years old. 2440:. The decision means the five will no longer be subject to an international travel ban, assets freeze and arms embargo. The five men, all high-ranking members of the Taliban government: 5882: 6345: 4922: 3122: 2054:, for the first time in 60 years. Wrapping himself in the relic, he appeared on the roof of a building in the center of Kandahar while hundreds of Pashtun mullahs below shouted " 5847: 4510: 4991: 3153: 3791: 6986: 2325: 8492: 4425: 2516:, the Bamyan valley came into Taliban control, and Abdul Wahed, a local Taliban commander announced his intentions to destroy the Buddhas. Initially in July 1999, 2380:(UAE) declared the Islamic Emirate to be the rightful government of Afghanistan. The Islamic Emirate would also receive recognition from the partially recognized 2083:

or other non-Pashtun tongues. Critics complained that this "lack of local representation in urban administration made the Taliban appear as an occupying force".

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There was also an environmental toll to the country, heavy deforestation from the illegal trade in timber with hundreds of acres of pine and cedar forests in

1590:

from 1996 to 2001. At its peak, the Taliban government controlled approximately 90% of the country, while remaining regions in the northeast were held by the

2234: 2436:

On 27 January 2010, a United Nations sanctions committee removed five former senior Taliban officials from this list, in a move favored by Afghan president

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during their six-year reign in Afghanistan, but as soon as the U.S. overthrew the Taliban, newly-empowered mujahideen warlords rekindled the practice of

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in 2001, the sanctions were applied to individuals and organizations in all parts of the world; also targeting former members of the Taliban government.

2031:. Mullah Omar visited the capital, Kabul, only twice while in power. Instead of an election, their leader's legitimacy came from an oath of allegiance (" 4484: 8586: 4800: 4460: 4393: 4346: 8536: 2606:. All of these aircraft were destroyed by US forces during the war in Afghanistan in 2001. Most of the MIG-21 fleets ended up in an Afghan junkyard. 2307: 177: 4827: 4633: 3887: 8631: 8234: 8052: 6112: 5246: 4945: 2966: 2340: 1713:

and the surrounding provinces, losing only a few dozen men. Starting with the capture of a border crossing and a huge ammunition dump from warlord

1538: 4973: 8250: 4158: 3859: 2420: 1295: 2725:. In 1999 the UN had passed resolution 1267 which had banned all international flights by Ariana apart from pre-approved humanitarian missions. 8616: 4189: 2343:. Following this incident, Iran threatened to invade Afghanistan by massing up military forces near the Afghan border but intervention by the 8410: 7996: 5179: 4259: 2109:

forces) to "regain the sovereignty of our country". Following a long insurgency, the Taliban once again took control of Afghanistan in 2021.

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Decisions are based on the advice of the Amir-ul Momineen. For us consultation is not necessary. We believe that this is in line with the

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established a sanctions regime to cover individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden and/or the Taliban. Since the

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was forbidden. Taking photographs and displaying pictures or portraits was forbidden, as it was considered by the Taliban as a form of

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bureaucrats" were replaced "with Pashtuns, whether qualified or not". Consequently, the ministries "by and large ceased to function".

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would later describe the Islamic Emirate as an "illegitimate" government. The Taliban government additionally received support from

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Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world / editor in chief, Richard C. Martin, Macmillan Reference US : Thomson/Gale, 2004

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also explained that the Afghan Transit Trade agreed on by Pakistan was "the largest official source of revenue for the Taliban."

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and without consulting other parts of the country. One such instance is the rejection of Loya Jirga decision about expulsion of

1967:

traditionally practiced in various provinces of Afghanistan, was also forbidden under the six-year reign of the Taliban regime.

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and the religious edicts of Mullah Omar. The Taliban forbade pork and alcohol, many types of consumer technology such as most

1795:. Areas under the Taliban's direct control were mainly Afghanistan's major cities and highways. Tribal khans and warlords had 8531: 7912: 6602: 5861: 5833: 5802: 5777: 5752: 5727: 5702: 5677: 5652: 5621: 5588: 5557: 5532: 5467: 5436: 5405: 5380: 5352: 5327: 5302: 5277: 4866: 4035: 3998: 3979: 3954: 3929: 3454: 3209: 2658: 2430: 2098: 1626: 1449: 1256: 411: 4128: 1226: 8621: 6291: 4600: 4415: 3381: 2793: 2603: 2118: 1613:" by the United States, international opposition to the regime drastically increased, with diplomatic recognition from the 1531: 98: 6703: 6234: 5158: 3058: 2513: 5208:"Children Affected by Armed Conflict in South Asia: A review of trends and issues identified through secondary research" 4534: 2157:, upon the entire land of Afghanistan. By 1998, the Taliban controlled 90% of Afghanistan under their interpretation of 7226: 7142: 6698: 6607: 6577: 6285: 6259: 6248: 5049:"CONFLICTS IN KOSOVO, SIERRA LEONE AND ANGOLA, QUESTION OF EAST TIMOR KEY ELEMENTS OF SECURITY COUNCIL'S WORK FOR 1999" 3552: 3498: 2803: 1476: 1466: 1459: 1216: 7838: 3377:"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?: Evaluation of the Taliban Crackdown Against Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan" 388: 8478: 8328: 8242: 8076: 7402: 7394: 6976: 6906: 6861: 6645: 6176: 5959: 5936: 5187: 4569: 4222: 3752: 3316: 2261:

and issued new regulations ordering people to blacken their windows so that women would not be visible from outside.

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A German map showing the political status of Afghanistan in the fall of 1996, just after the Taliban conquered Kabul

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It was reported that when Afghan children were caught kiting, a highly popular activity, they were beaten. When

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While initially maintaining a friendly relationship, relations between the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and

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financed the war in Afghanistan and also had the side effect of destroying start up industries in Pakistan.

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The Taliban government was not recognized by the United Nations, which instead continued to recognize the

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The goal of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan during the period 1996 to 2001 was to return the order of

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Between 1996 and 1999 Mullah Omar reversed his opinions on the drug trade, apparently as it only harmed

2001:... mysterious, secretive, and dictatorial". They did not hold elections, as their spokesman explained: 8446: 8415: 7846: 7432: 6901: 6635: 4970: 3446: 2665:

The Kabul money markets responded positively during the first weeks of the Taliban occupation. But the

2628:, the Taliban, in addition to conscripting men to serve as soldiers, also conscripted men to staff its 2242: 1938: 1116: 609: 4835: 4150: 7927: 7273: 6462: 3971: 3965: 3922:

Leading Ladies of the White House: Communication Strategies of Notable Twentieth-Century First Ladies

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The first major military activity of the Taliban was in October–November 1994 when they marched from

627: 4527:"China Sees Opportunity After America's Withdrawal From Afghanistan. But Can Beijing Do Any Better?" 1799:

direct control over various small towns, villages, and rural areas. The Taliban sought to establish

1694:

ideology with which it ruled. It began to receive support from neighboring Pakistan as well as from

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Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations: Exploring the Causes of Mass Killing Since 1945

2139: 2138:

dominance within the northern areas. The Taliban sought to establish an Islamic government through

1787:

in 1996. By the end of 2000, the Taliban controlled 90% of the country, aside from the opposition (

1718: 1146: 452: 213: 5176: 5087:, "Military Targets Are Elusive. Afghanistan Army Called a Haphazard Operation", 19 September 2001 4251: 2058:!" (Commander of the Faithful), in a pledge of support. Taliban spokesman Mullah Wakil explained: 7560: 7472: 7467: 7427: 7357: 7057: 6971: 6834: 6718: 6547: 6517: 5455:

The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War and the Future of the Region

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The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War and the Future of the Region

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and Pakistan being rescinded. The Islamic Emirate ceased to exist on 7 December 2001 after being

246: 19:

This article is about the first Taliban government from 1996 to 2001. For the current state, see

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Women of Afghanistan in the Post-Taliban Era: How Lives Have Changed and Where They Stand Today

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Women of Afghanistan in the Post-Taliban Era: How Lives Have Changed and Where They Stand Today

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Kullberg, Anssi. "The Background of Chechen Independence Movement III: The Secular Movement".

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Regarding its relations with the rest of the world, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan held a

8441: 8318: 8104: 7570: 7367: 7052: 7037: 6961: 6956: 6807: 6582: 6150: 5979: 5929: 5853: 5368: 4559: 4456: 4212: 3296: 2528: 1892: 1840: 1663: 757: 104: 5459: 5453: 5428: 5422: 5048: 5018: 3175: 601: 8343: 8313: 8119: 8114: 7876: 7630: 7502: 7104: 7032: 6824: 6651: 6537: 6274: 6224: 5214: 4892: 2615: 2553: 2377: 2216: 1970: 1856: 1832: 1699: 1614: 1606: 424: 7615: 5580: 5574: 2909: 2639:, the Taliban made widespread use of the conscription of children in 1997, 1998 and 1999. 2079:-speaking Taliban could not communicate with the roughly half of the population who spoke 1758: 8: 8389: 8274: 7824: 7710: 7231: 7027: 6380: 6360: 6219: 6191: 6145: 6040: 6035: 6003: 3830: 3813: 3544: 2426: 2283: 2187: 2055: 1792: 1714: 1454: 1434: 90: 4501:"Do not fall into this trap': Taliban takeover leaves China uncertain about Afghanistan" 2520:

decreed in Favour of preserving the statues, with plans to establish a tourism circuit.

8333: 8308: 8266: 8165: 8139: 7797: 7565: 7372: 7221: 7109: 6657: 6522: 6254: 6135: 6095: 6008: 5083: 4316:"'Kite Runner' Author On His Childhood, His Writing, And The Plight Of Afghan Refugees" 3853: 2798: 2742: 2691: 2621: 2583: 2482: 2477: 2221: 2092: 2023:

As the Taliban's power grew, decisions were made by Mullah Omar without consulting the

1946: 1512: 991: 861: 806: 727: 4888: 3686: 2527:

However, during another interview on 13 March 2001, the then Taliban Foreign Minister

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adopted a position of "positive neutrality" and limited cooperation with the Taliban.

8420: 8258: 8175: 8170: 8149: 8144: 7871: 7690: 7650: 7625: 7600: 7590: 7533: 7307: 7241: 7128: 6507: 6340: 6050: 6013: 5857: 5829: 5798: 5773: 5748: 5723: 5698: 5673: 5648: 5617: 5606: 5584: 5553: 5528: 5463: 5432: 5401: 5376: 5348: 5323: 5298: 5273: 5240: 4737: 4565: 4505: 4218: 4031: 3994: 3975: 3950: 3925: 3548: 3520: 3460: 3450: 3312: 3205: 2974: 2832: 2783: 2636: 2509:. International and local opinion strongly condemned the destruction of the Buddhas. 2506: 2462: 2124: 2047: 1934: 1927:

was made compulsory and those who did not respect the religious obligation after the

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was widespread in the Emirate. Abuses were frequently and violently enforced by the

2097:

The rule of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan came to an end in 2001 following the

8546: 8374: 8081: 7802: 7695: 7507: 7256: 7251: 7236: 6532: 6472: 6314: 6204: 5998: 5922: 4420: 4053:"'The Taliban took years of my life': the Afghan women living in the shadow of war" 3540: 3394: 3292: 1706: 1618: 1374: 1011: 941: 647: 437: 320: 5373:

Rebuilding War-Torn States: The Challenge of Post-Conflict Economic Reconstruction

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The Taliban modelled their decision-making process on the Pashtun tribal council (

1879:

were also forbidden, and the birds were killed according to the Taliban's ruling.

1745:

tribal code, was viewed as foreign by the other ethnic groups of Afghanistan. The

1732:

The Taliban considered many of Afghanistan's other ethnic communities as foreign.

8451: 8394: 8124: 8109: 8033: 7977: 7866: 7734: 7595: 7580: 7442: 7362: 7193: 7188: 6477: 6335: 6100: 6067: 5823: 5183: 4977: 4604: 4120: 3891: 3398: 2675: 2385: 2295: 2290: 2028: 1683: 1556: 1206: 931: 767: 717: 687: 5205: 4596: 3123:"TRIBUNE LIBRE N°37 UNDERSTANDING TALIBAN THROUGH THE PRISM OF PASHTUNWALI CODE" 8338: 8195: 8129: 8006: 7886: 7769: 7665: 7610: 7555: 7492: 7340: 7017: 6946: 6512: 6385: 6077: 5974: 4480: 3529:

Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire

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were two 6th-century monumental statues carved into the side of a cliff in the

2450: 2344: 2336: 2313: 2279: 2271: 1960: 1762: 1136: 1061: 1051: 971: 951: 881: 787: 737: 472: 3054: 1725:

warlords. However, reactions and resistance would vary and increase among non-

8525: 8507: 8494: 8348: 8016: 7891: 7812: 7807: 7675: 7660: 7605: 7575: 7487: 7302: 7285: 7246: 6750: 6502: 6467: 6350: 6018: 4992:"Pakistan's godfathers of the Taliban hold the key to the hunt for Bin Laden" 4526: 3532: 3490: 2978: 2629: 2599: 2587: 2403: 2254: 1880: 1771: 1610: 1579: 1384: 1339: 1126: 1106: 1086: 981: 911: 747: 697: 496: 362: 260: 251: 16:

Taliban-led partially recognized government of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001

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9/11 and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: A Chronology and Reference Guide

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Merchant of Death: Money, Guns, Planes, and the Man Who Makes War Possible

4283:"Artistry In The Air – Kite Flying Is Taken To New Heights In Afghanistan" 2855: 2392:, though the country did not provide the Emirate with formal recognition. 2335:

deteriorated in 1998 after Taliban forces seized the Iranian consulate in

2014:

They modeled their decision-making process on the Pashtun tribal council (

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Interview with official representatives of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

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Dupree Hatch, Nancy. "Afghan Women under the Taliban" in Maley, William.

2721:

close any offices belonging to the Taliban. This included the offices of

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The massacres in Mazar-i-Sharif alone in 1998 claimed 8,000–10,000 lives

8185: 8057: 8045: 7881: 7764: 7680: 7263: 7181: 6775: 6770: 6406: 6395: 5099:"WINGS PALETTE – MiG MiG-21/J-7 Fishbed/Mongol – Afghanistan (Taliban)" 4282: 3898:

Stanford University. Updated 15 July 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

2661:, opium production was almost entirely eradicated (99%) by the Taliban. 2591: 1964: 1952: 1864: 1805: 1722: 1633:

in official communications when it was out of power from 2001 to 2021.

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Afghanistan opium poppy cultivation, 1994–2016 (hectares). Before the

84: 7851: 7792: 7774: 7700: 7422: 6785: 6390: 5098: 3991:

The fundamentalist city?: religiosity and the remaking of urban space

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Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden

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transport aircraft, among others. Their civil air service contained

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Shams-us-Safa Aminzai, former Taliban foreign affairs press officer.

2286:

and accessories" and all visual representation of living creatures.

1997:

Rashid described the Taliban government as "a secret society run by

8071: 7954: 7950: 7482: 7335: 7171: 7151: 7062: 6795: 6780: 6755: 6370: 6355: 6214: 6085: 3390: 2575: 2407: 2369: 2264: 2135: 2040: 2036: 1998: 1978: 1780: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1710: 1691: 1675: 1354: 491: 4051:

Graham-Harrison, Emma; Makoii, Akhtar Mohammad (9 February 2019).

3464: 2282:

were also banned. Also included in the list of banned items were "

1629:

two months prior. The Taliban continued to refer to itself as the

8028: 7972: 7856: 7528: 7412: 7216: 7176: 6846: 6765: 6155: 5945: 5722:(illustrated ed.). International Monetary Fund. p. 29. 5345:

War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation

5342: 5320:

War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation

5317: 5206:

Jo Boyden, Jo de Berry, Thomas Feeny, Jason Hart (January 2002).

4127:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 17 November 2001. 3656:

Interview with Taliban spokesman Mullah Wakil in Arabic magazine

3439:

Drugs Politics: Managing Disorder in the Islamic Republic of Iran

3304: 2294:

fly kites in Kabul that he later developed into his first novel,

1991: 1872: 1817: 1671: 1583: 1349: 901: 263: 239: 234: 126: 4656:"U.N. Reconciles itself to Five Members of Mulla Omar's Cabinet" 3345:"US Country Report on Human Rights Practices – Afghanistan 2001" 2105:

announced an insurgency against "America and its puppets" (i.e.

7290: 6800: 6790: 6760: 6365: 5849:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

5550:

The Organized Crime Community: Essays in Honor of Alan A. Block

4214:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

3866: 3103:"Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern?" 2764: 2537: 2494: 2368:

Between 1996 and 2001, only three widely recognized countries;

2183: 2179: 2147: 2076: 2043: 1987: 1983: 1974: 1909: 1884: 1825: 1389: 1344: 203: 3967:

Modernizing women: gender and social change in the Middle East

8180: 8011: 7417: 7312: 7296: 6856: 6140: 4915:"Over World Protests, Taliban Are Destroying Ancient Buddhas" 4561:

Terrorism and Global Disorder – Adrian Guelke – Google Libros

3784:"Kabul near standstill on day one of the Taliban's 'Emirate'" 2686: 2356: 2258: 2250: 2230: 2166: 2016: 2010:

out what the Afghan people have wanted for the past 14 years.

1929: 1924: 1915: 1860: 1852: 1784: 1667: 657: 190: 2469:

All had been added to the list in January or February 2001.

1982:

national administration. At the national level, "all senior

1941:. In 2000, the Taliban leader Mullah Omar officially banned 7120: 6817: 5770:

Economic sanctions: examining their philosophy and efficacy

5264:

The Taliban: war, religion and the new order in Afghanistan

5152: 4530: 2332: 2150: 2130: 2080: 1876: 1868: 1828: 209: 132:"There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God" 5914: 5670:

Taliban: Islam, oil and the new great game in central Asia

5608:

Reaping the whirlwind: the Taliban movement in Afghanistan

3684: 2967:"Taliban Flag Is Gone in Qatar, but Talks Remain in Doubt" 2532:

the destruction as being in accordance with Islamic law".

2347:

Security Council and the United States prevented the war.

1621:

by the Northern Alliance, which had been bolstered by the

2459:

Mohammad Musa Hottak, former deputy minister of planning.

2406:" by the United States after the September 11 attacks by 2275: 2119:

Cabinet of Afghanistan § Islamic Emirate (1996–2001)

1791:) strongholds found primarily in the northeast corner of 5343:

Pugh, Michael C.; Neil Cooper Jonathan Goodhand (2004).

5318:

Pugh, Michael C.; Neil Cooper Jonathan Goodhand (2004).

4115: 4113: 2831:, in control of the remaining 10% of the country as the 2190:!" (Commander of the Faithful), in a pledge of support. 1674:

students in southern Afghanistan. Overwhelmingly ethnic

5548:

Thourni, Francisco E. (2006). Bovenkerk, Frank (ed.).

4801:"Guest Blog: Why the Buddhas of Bamian were destroyed" 3678: 3010: 4110: 4050: 3812: 3635:, p. 43 Interview with Mullah Wakil, March 1996 2732: 1670:

and Pashtun politico-religious movement composed of

1647: 1565: 147: 124: 64: 4983: 4599:– By Nabi Abdullaev, 14 December 2001 Moscow Times 4416:"China's Outreach to Taliban Draws Mixed Reactions" 3022: 2399:as being the legitimate government of Afghanistan. 2178:"), in imitation of the Prophet and the first four 5695:Conflict in Afghanistan: a historical encyclopedia 5605: 5261: 3914:Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban 5199: 5019:"Former Pakistani officer embodies policy puzzle" 3687:"Taliban appears to be regrouped and well-funded" 3616: 3614: 3601: 3599: 3370: 3368: 3366: 2308:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1803:and to impose a strict interpretation of Islamic 8523: 4630:"Bangor Daily News – Google News Archive Search" 4082: 4080: 4078: 3989:Massoumi, Mejgan (2010). AlSayyad, Nezar (ed.). 3939:Cooke, Miriam (2006). Sherman, Daniel J. (ed.). 3685:Tohid, Owias & Baldauf, Scott (8 May 2003). 2965:Nordland, Rod; Rubin, Alissa J. (24 June 2013). 2892: 2835:, retained widespread international recognition. 2326:Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline 2265:Ban on entertainment and recreational activities 5520:The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy 5170: 5130:"Afghans in Kabul Flee Taliban, Not U.S. Raids" 4717:International Herald Tribune/The New York Times 3970:(2nd Revised ed.). Lynne Rienner. p. 3916:. London: Hurst and Company, 2001, pp. 145–166. 3753:"Asia: Afghanistan: Taliban Leader Vows Return" 3668: 3666: 2421:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 2204: 7949: 5576:Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts and Control 4960: 3611: 3596: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3363: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3146:"Wandering Kuchis pay for their Taliban links" 2472: 2193: 127:lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh 8607:States and territories disestablished in 2001 8592:Pakistan military presence in other countries 7136: 6422: 5930: 4713:"Afghans consider rebuilding Bamiyan Buddhas" 4075: 4011:. Yale Nota Bene Books, 2000, pp. 70 and 106. 3806: 3374: 3301:The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 2964: 2566:The air force under the Taliban maintained 5 2501:that were destroyed in March 2001, after the 2465:, former deputy minister of frontier affairs. 2233:on 26 August 2001. The footage was filmed by 1532: 5878:(old) Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan website 5245:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5121: 5090: 5010: 4394:"Turkmenistan Takes a Chance on the Taliban" 4347:"Turkmenistan Takes a Chance on the Taliban" 4243: 3717: 3711: 3663: 3375:Farrell, Graham; Thorne, John (March 2005). 2940:"Map of areas controlled in Afghanistan '96" 1809:, along with the religious edicts of Mullah 141: 118: 57: 5504:Opium: uncovering the politics of the poppy 4341: 4339: 4121:"Report on the Taliban's War Against Women" 3942:Terror, Culture, Politics: 9/11 Reconsidere 3901: 3858:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3421: 2893:Gunaratna, Rohan; Woodall, Douglas (2015). 2540:, a cultural and educational agency of the 1905:forbidden to attend schools or universities 8602:States and territories established in 1996 8324:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 7143: 7129: 6429: 6415: 5937: 5923: 5742: 5506:. Harvard University Press. pp. 52ff. 5497: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 4453:"In Afghanistan, China Is Put to the Test" 4021: 4019: 3872: 3744: 3291: 3242: 2301: 2134:) by the re-establishment of a state with 1813:, upon the entire country of Afghanistan. 1539: 1525: 162: 4706: 4704: 4386: 4366: 4364: 4274: 3924:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 253. 3919: 3878: 2363: 1937:was banned, and thieves were punished by 1752: 464:587,580 km (226,870 sq mi) 8537:Former political entities in Afghanistan 6436: 5692: 5686: 5375:. Oxford University Press. p. 167. 5367: 5361: 5292: 5286: 4889:"Destruction of Giant Buddhas Confirmed" 4752:"Why the Taliban are destroying Buddhas" 4679:"UN lifts sanctions on 5 former Taliban" 4609: 4336: 4310: 4308: 3988: 3963: 2868:"Role of the Taliban's religious police" 2652: 2544:, labelled the destruction as "savage". 2476: 2220: 2046:. On 4 April 1996, Mullah Omar had "the 1770: 1658:The Taliban and its rule arose from the 36:Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) 7453:Justice and Development Party (Morocco) 6628: 6563:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war 5743:Farah, Douglas; Braun, Stephen (2008). 5717: 5711: 5603: 5597: 5547: 5541: 5516: 5510: 5476: 5389: 5259: 5253: 4856: 4825: 4016: 1913:(physical separation of the sexes) and 1843:, as well as most forms of art such as 1759:Taliban § (Deobandi) Islamic rules 8524: 7458:Justice and Development Party (Turkey) 5842: 5792: 5786: 5767: 5761: 5667: 5661: 5501: 5445: 5414: 5395: 5227:from the original on 16 September 2017 4805:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 4798: 4701: 4557: 4440: 4361: 4210: 4179: 4088:"Women in Afghanistan: the back story" 4025: 3672: 3644: 3632: 3620: 3605: 3590: 3519: 3432: 3218:from the original on 27 September 2022 3197: 2907: 2895:Afghanistan After the Western Drawdown 8617:2001 disestablishments in Afghanistan 8587:History of Afghanistan (1992–present) 8216: 7948: 7913:International propagation of Salafism 7732: 7124: 6410: 6172:Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 5918: 5797:. Brookings Institution. p. 77. 5736: 5572: 5566: 5451: 5420: 5336: 5311: 5127: 4537:from the original on 8 September 2021 4305: 4192:from the original on 22 December 2019 3938: 3720:"Taliban regroups – on the road" 2920:from the original on 13 December 2013 2779:History of Afghanistan (1992–present) 2453:, former deputy minister of commerce. 2241:During the Taliban's period of rule, 2142:alongside a strict interpretation of 1820:, the Taliban regime interpreted the 168:The Islamic Emirate in 2001, in green 8017:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 6292:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 5821: 5636: 5630: 5140:from the original on 18 October 2017 5075: 5059:from the original on 29 October 2014 5016: 4989: 4948:from the original on 13 October 2014 4710: 4689:from the original on 8 November 2012 4293:from the original on 3 February 2017 4249: 4180:Lacayo, Richard (25 November 2001). 3945:. Indiana University Press. p. 3750: 3501:from the original on 8 November 2001 3491:"Afghanistan, Opium and the Taliban" 3382:International Journal of Drug Policy 3351:from the original on 6 February 2009 3156:from the original on 23 October 2018 3028: 3016: 2794:List of Taliban provincial governors 1816:During the five-year history of the 1573:First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 8632:Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) 7733: 7227:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists 4998:from the original on 22 August 2021 4971:Taliban lose grip on Mazar i Sharif 4792: 4636:from the original on 12 August 2021 4590: 4578:from the original on 12 August 2021 4513:from the original on 18 August 2021 4463:from the original on 8 January 2019 4428:from the original on 20 August 2021 4280: 4262:from the original on 16 August 2021 4231:from the original on 16 August 2021 3794:from the original on 16 August 2021 3751:Gall, Carlotta (13 November 2004). 3732:from the original on 19 August 2003 3699:from the original on 18 August 2007 3561:from the original on 21 August 2021 3405:from the original on 15 August 2021 3325:from the original on 10 August 2021 3061:from the original on 5 October 2001 2946:from the original on 25 August 2004 2514:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997-98) 1851:, male and female participation in 1709:in southern Afghanistan to capture 1560: 142: 119: 58: 26:For states with similar names, see 13: 8612:1996 establishments in Afghanistan 5096: 4990:West, Julian (23 September 2001). 4859:"The Rediff Interview/Mullah Omar" 4857:Shehzad, Mohammad (3 March 2001). 4711:Gall, Carlotta (5 December 2006). 4250:Wroe, Nicholas (13 October 2001). 3781: 3545:10.1093/oso/9780190680176.003.0009 3471:from the original on 7 August 2020 3337: 3297:"The Taliban's Religious Attitude" 2985:from the original on 8 August 2021 2659:US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 2086: 1783:, the Taliban eventually captured 28:Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) 14: 8648: 8329:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress 5871: 5795:Terrorism and U.S. foreign policy 5109:from the original on 1 April 2017 5029:from the original on 9 March 2021 4938:"Bamiyan statues: World reaction" 4662:. 27 January 2010. Archived from 4558:Guelke, Adrian (25 August 2006). 4161:from the original on 16 July 2020 4131:from the original on 11 July 2020 4098:from the original on 14 June 2020 4063:from the original on 1 March 2020 3840:from the original on 15 June 2021 3763:from the original on 23 June 2021 3120: 2626:Combatant Status Review Tribunals 2211:Treatment of women by the Taliban 1749:illustrated this ethnic tension. 1648:Early history and ethnic conflict 1609:and subsequent declaration of a " 400:• Name changed to "Emirate" 8562:Former countries in Central Asia 8217: 6298:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5193:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 5164:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 5128:Dixon, Robyn (13 October 2001). 4925:from the original on 17 May 2009 4869:from the original on 13 May 2011 4799:Semple, Michael (2 March 2011). 4487:from the original on 4 July 2019 4372:"Turkmenistan-Foreign Relations" 3920:Wertheime, Molly Meijer (2004). 3435:"Crisis as an Idiom for Reforms" 2763: 2749: 2735: 2402:Following the declaration of a " 1627:U.S.-led invasion of the country 1506: 1496: 1495: 600: 548: 523: 97: 83: 43:Islamic emirate (disambiguation) 8542:History of Islam in Afghanistan 8385:Contemporary Islamic philosophy 6967:Opium production in Afghanistan 5900:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 5815: 5041: 5017:Gall, Carlotta (3 March 2010). 4907: 4881: 4850: 4828:"How the Buddha got his wounds" 4819: 4774:"Aid staff flee Taliban shells" 4766: 4744: 4730: 4648: 4622: 4551: 4408: 4211:Rashid, Ahmed (20 April 2010). 4204: 4173: 4143: 4044: 3964:Moghadam, Valentine M. (2003). 3896:Mapping Militant Organizations. 3775: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3584: 3513: 3483: 3233: 3186:from the original on 6 May 2013 3168: 3095: 3086: 3073: 3047: 3034: 2870:. 27 April 2013. Archived from 2784:Waziristan § War on Terror 2609: 2574:fighter bombers. They held six 2151:school of Islamic jurisprudence 1829:school of Islamic jurisprudence 178:Partially-recognised government 8627:2001 disestablishments in Asia 8567:Former countries in South Asia 8319:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 7448:Justice and Construction Party 5640:Green Culture: An A-to-Z Guide 5502:Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud (2010). 4826:Harding, Luke (3 March 2001). 4738:"Bamiyan Valley – Afghanistan" 3176:"Massacre in Mazar Sharif – 2" 2997: 2958: 2932: 2901: 2886: 2860: 2856:Afghanistan (1996–2001, 2021–) 2849: 2821: 2804:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2620:According to the testimony of 2153:and the religious guidance of 2107:transitional Afghan government 1939:amputating their hands or feet 1923:were systematically executed. 1883:were closed and repurposed as 1631:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1553:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 374:• Mullah Omar proclaimed 120:لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله 54:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1: 8582:Former unrecognized countries 8390:Islamic response to modernity 6073:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 5458:. St Martin's Press. p. 5427:. St Martin's Press. p. 5347:. Lynne Rienner. p. 52. 5322:. Lynne Rienner. p. 48. 5177:Summarized transcripts (.pdf) 5159:Summarized transcripts (.pdf) 4754:. Usatoday.com. 22 March 2001 4182:"About Face for Afghan Women" 3718:Tohid, Owias (27 June 2003). 2842: 2713:Afghan Interim Administration 2112: 2070:and therefore we reject them. 1682:tribal code with elements of 155:This Is the Home of the Brave 32:Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) 8532:Islamic State of Afghanistan 7150: 6887:Current provincial governors 6741:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5908:Islamic State of Afghanistan 5894:Islamic State of Afghanistan 5822:Coll, Steve (3 March 2005). 4597:Are Chechens in Afghanistan? 4477:"China's Man in the Taliban" 4287:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 4151:"Woman flogged for adultery" 3399:10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.07.007 2829:Islamic State of Afghanistan 2414: 2397:Islamic State of Afghanistan 2382:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 2205:Role of women in the Emirate 1973:ministers and deputies were 1907:, were requested to observe 1767:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 1600:Islamic State of Afghanistan 544:Islamic State of Afghanistan 531:Islamic State of Afghanistan 7: 8622:1996 establishments in Asia 7993:Militant Islamism based in 7636:Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi 5944: 5903:1996 – 2001 5672:. I.B.Tauris. p. 187. 5452:Nojum, Neamatollah (2002). 5421:Nojum, Neamatollah (2002). 4994:. London: Daily Telegraph. 3347:. State.gov. 4 March 2002. 2728: 2635:According to a report from 2561:Inter-Services Intelligence 2547: 2473:Bamiyan Buddhas controversy 2384:; though Chechen president 2200:Human rights in Afghanistan 2194:Human rights in the Emirate 1571:), also referred to as the 1567:Da Afġānistān Islāmī Amārāt 1566: 1472:Hindu and Buddhist heritage 1282:Transitional Administration 852:Principality of Chaghaniyan 148: 125: 66:Da Afġānistān Islāmī Amārāt 65: 10: 8653: 8447:Political aspects of Islam 7847:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 7433:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 7048:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life) 6987:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline 5720:Reconstructing Afghanistan 5573:Lyman, Michael D. (2010). 5396:Skaine, Rosemarie (2009). 4026:Skaine, Rosemarie (2009). 3993:. Routledge. p. 223. 3447:Cambridge University Press 3204:. Routledge. p. 115. 2646: 2642: 2613: 2551: 2447:, former foreign minister. 2431:US Invasion of Afghanistan 2418: 2341:executed Iranian diplomats 2305: 2243:brutal repression of women 2225:A member of the Taliban's 2214: 2208: 2197: 2116: 2090: 1756: 1651: 1640: 1636: 1328:Related historical regions 40: 25: 18: 8468: 8434: 8403: 8367: 8304:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization 8294: 8227: 8223: 8212: 8158: 8097: 7986: 7965: 7961: 7944: 7905: 7862:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 7837: 7783: 7752: 7745: 7741: 7728: 7546: 7516: 7403:Freedom and Justice Party 7393: 7328: 7321: 7209: 7162: 7158: 7075: 7013: 7004: 6942: 6933: 6842: 6833: 6731: 6679: 6670: 6463:Indus Valley civilisation 6448: 6341:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 6328: 6320:2021–2022 Afghan protests 6307: 6233: 6190: 6164: 6111: 5952: 5905: 5898: 5890: 5697:. ABC-CLIO. p. 148. 5604:Griffin, Michael (2000). 5552:. Springer. p. 130. 5400:. McFarland. p. 58. 5297:. ABC-CLIO. p. 147. 4976:17 September 2018 at the 4217:. Yale University Press. 4030:. McFarland. p. 57. 3725:Christian Science Monitor 3692:Christian Science Monitor 3198:Travis, Hannibal (2013). 2632:– both done at gunpoint. 2146:, in accordance with the 2050:" taken from its shrine, 1747:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif 1598:as a continuation of the 1596:international recognition 1594:, which maintained broad 628:Indus Valley civilisation 564: 502: 490: 478: 468: 458: 451: 447: 434: 421: 408: 398: 385: 376:Commander of the Faithful 372: 368: 354: 343: 339: 327: 313: 309: 299: 295: 283: 279: 269: 245: 233: 222: 196: 183: 173: 161: 136: 113: 79: 74: 52: 8278:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970) 8077:in the Arabian Peninsula 7918:Islamic religious police 7478:Prosperous Justice Party 7438:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan 6684:Administrative divisions 5793:Pillar, Paul R. (2003). 5768:Askari, Hossein (2003). 5693:Clements, Frank (2003). 5517:Shaffer, Brenda (2006). 4834:. London. Archived from 4125:U.S. Department of State 3433:Ghiabi, Maziyar (2019). 2814: 2505:declared that they were 2425:On 15 October 1999, the 1741:, incorporated with the 1561:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت 1147:Principality of Qandahar 214:languages of Afghanistan 59:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت 7561:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī 7473:Malaysian Islamic Party 7468:National Iraqi Alliance 7428:Islamic Salvation Front 7358:Islamic Defenders Front 6548:Second Anglo-Afghan War 6518:Third Battle of Panipat 6165:Human rights/violations 5772:. Potomac. p. 56. 5612:. Pluto Press. p. 5371:, Graciana del (2008). 5260:Marsden, Peter (1998). 4617:The Eurasian politician 4564:. Bloomsbury Academic. 3537:Oxford University Press 3309:Oxford University Press 2584:Aero L-39C Albatrossess 2302:International relations 1865:recreational activities 1824:in accordance with the 197:Official languages 8002:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 7716:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab 7641:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani 7498:State of Law Coalition 7408:Green Algeria Alliance 6618:Second Islamic Emirate 6558:Kingdom of Afghanistan 6553:Third Anglo-Afghan War 6543:First Anglo-Afghan War 6528:Emirate of Afghanistan 6478:Yabghus of Tokharistan 6126:Cabinet (2021–present) 6063:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 5747:. Wiley. p. 146. 5718:Bennett, Adam (2005). 5668:Rashid, Ahmed (2002). 5293:Lansford, Tom (2011). 5218:Refugee Studies Centre 2809:2021 Taliban offensive 2723:Ariana Afghan Airlines 2662: 2649:Economy of Afghanistan 2486: 2445:Wakil Ahmad Muttawakil 2364:Diplomatic recognition 2238: 2099:United States invasion 2072: 2012: 1776: 1753:Rise to power and rule 1678:, the Taliban blended 1654:History of the Taliban 1643:History of Afghanistan 1513:Afghanistan portal 1450:List of heads of state 708:Greco-Bactrian kingdom 8105:Hibatullah Akhundzada 7928:Sufi–Salafi relations 7571:Hibatullah Akhundzada 6598:First Islamic Emirate 5980:Hibatullah Akhundzada 5854:Yale University Press 5523:. MIT Press. p. 5268:. Zed Books. p. 4603:7 August 2009 at the 4457:The National Interest 4092:Amnesty International 3875:, pp. 37, 42–43. 3571:The Taliban outlawed 2908:Marcin, Gary (1998). 2656: 2529:Wakil Ahmad Mutawakel 2480: 2224: 2060: 2003: 1887:. Celebration of the 1774: 758:Indo-Parthian kingdom 738:Indo-Scythian kingdom 329:• 2001 (acting) 8557:2000s in Afghanistan 8552:1990s in Afghanistan 8344:September 11 attacks 8314:Grand Mosque seizure 8120:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 8115:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam 7877:Muhammad Al-Munajjid 7586:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 7503:Islamic Action Front 6704:Environmental issues 6652:Graveyard of empires 6641:Arabs in Afghanistan 6346:Guantanamo detainees 5637:Wehr, Kevin (2011). 5579:. Elsevier. p. 5215:University of Oxford 5182:31 July 2006 at the 4382:on 1 September 2017. 4157:. 28 February 1998. 4094:. 25 November 2014. 3890:17 July 2019 at the 3831:Taylor & Francis 3449:. pp. 101–102. 2616:Taliban conscription 2554:Islamic Emirate Army 2378:United Arab Emirates 2217:Women in Afghanistan 2035:"), in imitation of 1700:United Arab Emirates 1686:teaching to form an 1625:established after a 1615:United Arab Emirates 1607:September 11 attacks 41:For other uses, see 8637:Totalitarian states 8504: / 8276:Islamic Declaration 7825:Young Kashgar Party 6658:Wars in Afghanistan 6578:Democratic Republic 6220:Badri 313 Battalion 6041:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 6036:Shahabuddin Delawar 6004:Abdul Ghani Baradar 5161:, from Nasrullah's 4838:on 28 February 2006 4685:. 27 January 2010. 4404:on 8 December 2019. 4357:on 8 December 2019. 3608:, pp. 101–102. 3019:, pp. 284–285. 2622:Guantanamo captives 2427:UN Security Council 2284:musical instruments 2229:beating a woman in 1901:banned from working 1793:Badakhshan Province 1715:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 1586:that ruled most of 1217:Democratic Republic 350:(consultative body) 8597:Rebellions in Asia 8577:Former theocracies 8334:Algerian Civil War 8309:Iranian Revolution 8268:Islamic Government 8166:Islam and violence 8140:Juhayman al-Otaybi 8053:Sub-Saharan Africa 7798:Authenticity Party 7566:Qazi Hussain Ahmad 7373:Muslim Brotherhood 7222:Islamic governance 6977:Telecommunications 6947:Afghani (currency) 6862:Leadership Council 6646:European influence 6523:Dost Mohammad Khan 6458:Pre-Islamic period 6249:War in Afghanistan 6177:Treatment of women 6096:Abdul Qayyum Zakir 6009:Sirajuddin Haqqani 5960:Leadership Council 5084:The Globe and Mail 4533:. 31 August 2021. 4509:. 31 August 2021. 4459:. 18 August 2015. 4424:. 31 August 2021. 3757:The New York Times 3521:McFate, Montgomery 3311:. pp. 34–43. 3152:. 27 August 2005. 3109:on 21 October 2014 3057:. Infoplease.com. 3044:, (2000) pp. 27–29 2971:The New York Times 2799:Taliban insurgency 2743:Afghanistan portal 2692:The New York Times 2663: 2578:helicopters, five 2503:Taliban government 2497:valley of central 2491:Buddhas of Bamiyan 2487: 2239: 2093:Taliban insurgency 1777: 1420:Political violence 1227:Tanai coup attempt 862:Rashidun Caliphate 807:Hephthalite Empire 728:Indo-Greek kingdom 149:Dā Də Bātorāno Kor 8487: 8486: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8208: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8176:Islamic terrorism 8171:Islamic extremism 8150:Ayman al-Zawahiri 8145:Omar Abdel-Rahman 7951:Militant Islamism 7940: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7872:Rabee al-Madkhali 7833: 7832: 7724: 7723: 7691:Haji Shariatullah 7651:Yusuf al-Qaradawi 7631:Abul A'la Maududi 7626:Ruhollah Khomeini 7616:Alija Izetbegović 7601:Rached Ghannouchi 7591:Necmettin Erbakan 7548:Political leaders 7542: 7541: 7534:Islamic modernism 7463:National Congress 7395:Political parties 7308:Two-nation theory 7242:Islamic socialism 7232:Islamic democracy 7118: 7117: 7071: 7070: 7000: 6999: 6929: 6928: 6892:Foreign relations 6727: 6726: 6666: 6665: 6568:Saqqawist Emirate 6508:Siege of Kandahar 6404: 6403: 6210:55th Arab Brigade 6051:Amir Khan Muttaqi 6014:Obaidullah Akhund 5913: 5912: 5906:Succeeded by 5863:978-0-300-08340-8 5835:978-0-14-193579-9 5804:978-0-8157-7077-0 5779:978-1-56720-542-8 5754:978-0-470-26196-5 5729:978-1-58906-324-2 5704:978-1-85109-402-8 5679:978-1-86064-830-4 5654:978-1-4129-9693-8 5623:978-0-7453-1274-3 5590:978-1-4377-4450-7 5559:978-0-387-39019-2 5534:978-0-262-69321-9 5469:978-0-312-29584-4 5438:978-0-312-29584-4 5407:978-0-7864-3792-4 5382:978-0-19-923773-9 5354:978-1-58826-211-0 5329:978-1-58826-211-0 5304:978-1-59884-419-1 5279:978-1-85649-522-6 5134:Los Angeles Times 5097:Ivanov, Grigory. 4980:, 7 November 2001 4506:Los Angeles Times 4483:. 3 August 2015. 4447:Multiple sources: 4321:Radio Free Europe 4252:"A culture muted" 4037:978-0-7864-3792-4 4000:978-0-415-77935-7 3981:978-1-58826-171-7 3956:978-0-253-34672-8 3931:978-0-7425-3672-2 3908:Multiple sources: 3675:, pp. 39–40. 3456:978-1-108-47545-7 3293:Matinuddin, Kamal 3211:978-0-415-53125-2 3182:. 19 April 2013. 3133:on 10 August 2014 2833:Northern Alliance 2637:Oxford University 2463:Abdul Hakim Munib 2048:Cloak of Muhammad 1943:opium cultivation 1789:Northern Alliance 1666:. It began as an 1664:Soviet–Afghan War 1592:Northern Alliance 1549: 1548: 1440:Afghan (ethnonym) 1415:Political history 1319: 1318: 1167:Saqqawist Emirate 1117:Sadozai Sultanate 1070: 1069: 856:7th–8th centuries 825: 824: 678:Macedonian Empire 668:Achaemenid Empire 638:Oxus civilization 574: 573: 560: 559: 556: 555: 536: 535: 394:27 September 1996 315:• 1996–2001 285:• 1996–2001 143:دا د باتورانو کور 8644: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8509: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8497: 8375:Anti-imperialism 8270:(Khomeini, 1970) 8246:(Khomeini, 1940) 8225: 8224: 8214: 8213: 7963: 7962: 7946: 7945: 7750: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7730: 7729: 7696:Hassan Al-Turabi 7508:United Arab List 7326: 7325: 7257:Islamic republic 7252:Islamic monarchy 7237:Islamic feminism 7160: 7159: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7122: 7121: 7098: 7091: 7084: 7011: 7010: 6940: 6939: 6840: 6839: 6677: 6676: 6626: 6625: 6613:Islamic Republic 6573:Daoud's Republic 6538:Afghan–Sikh Wars 6533:Battle of Jamrud 6493:Islamic conquest 6473:Greater Khorasan 6431: 6424: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6361:Amir al-Mu'minin 6315:Taliban in Qatar 6286:Conflict with IS 6131:Religious police 5999:Mohammad Rabbani 5939: 5932: 5925: 5916: 5915: 5891:Preceded by 5888: 5887: 5867: 5839: 5809: 5808: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5643:. Sage. p. 5634: 5628: 5627: 5611: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5474: 5473: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5267: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5212: 5203: 5197: 5174: 5168: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5094: 5088: 5081:York, Geoffrey. 5079: 5073: 5072: 5066: 5064: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4987: 4981: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4944:. 5 March 2001. 4934: 4932: 4930: 4921:. 4 March 2001. 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4780:. 13 August 1998 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4626: 4620: 4619:. 1 October 2003 4613: 4607: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4421:Voice of America 4412: 4406: 4405: 4400:. 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arrested. 1818:Islamic Emirate 1779:Spreading from 1769: 1757:Main articles: 1755: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1545: 1507: 1505: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1329: 1321: 1320: 1312: 1307:Islamic Emirate 1247:Islamic Emirate 1207:Saur Revolution 1080: 1072: 1071: 1002:Mongol Invasion 976:before 879–1215 835: 827: 826: 768:Sasanian Empire 752:135 BC – 248 AD 718:Parthian Empire 688:Seleucid Empire 621: 592: 585: 549: 524: 461: 443:7 December 2001 440: 427: 414: 412:Invasion begins 404:29 October 1997 401: 391: 378: 348:Supreme Council 330: 319: 316: 286: 218: 187: 169: 152: 146: 131: 123: 117: 109: 108: 107: 102: 94: 93: 88: 70: 63: 62: 55: 46: 39: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8650: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8435:Related topics 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8426:United Kingdom 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6648: 6643: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6513:Durrani Empire 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6411: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6386:Talibanization 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6329:Related topics 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6300:(2004–present) 6295: 6294:(2021–present) 6289: 6288:(2015–present) 6283: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6270:2021 offensive 6267: 6265:2006 offensive 6262: 6246: 6239: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6080: 6078:Khalil Haqqani 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5994:Deputy leaders 5991: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5977: 5975:Akhtar Mansour 5972: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5942: 5941: 5934: 5927: 5919: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5873: 5872:External links 5870: 5869: 5868: 5862: 5840: 5834: 5828:. Penguin UK. 5817: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5785: 5778: 5760: 5753: 5735: 5728: 5710: 5703: 5685: 5678: 5660: 5653: 5629: 5622: 5596: 5589: 5565: 5558: 5540: 5533: 5509: 5475: 5468: 5444: 5437: 5413: 5406: 5388: 5381: 5360: 5353: 5335: 5328: 5310: 5303: 5285: 5278: 5252: 5198: 5169: 5151: 5120: 5089: 5074: 5040: 5023:New York Times 5009: 4982: 4959: 4942:news.bbc.co.uk 4906: 4880: 4849: 4818: 4791: 4765: 4743: 4729: 4700: 4666:on 20 May 2013 4660:America At War 4647: 4621: 4608: 4589: 4570: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4523: 4497: 4481:Foreign Policy 4473: 4439: 4407: 4385: 4376:Globalsecurity 4360: 4335: 4324:. 21 June 2012 4304: 4273: 4242: 4223: 4203: 4172: 4142: 4109: 4074: 4043: 4036: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3961: 3955: 3936: 3930: 3917: 3900: 3877: 3865: 3805: 3774: 3743: 3710: 3677: 3662: 3649: 3637: 3625: 3610: 3595: 3593:, p. 100. 3583: 3554:978-0190680176 3553: 3512: 3482: 3455: 3420: 3362: 3336: 3317: 3241: 3239:Griffiths 226. 3232: 3210: 3180:www.hazara.net 3167: 3094: 3085: 3072: 3046: 3033: 3031:, p. 285. 3021: 3009: 2996: 2957: 2931: 2914:King's College 2900: 2897:. p. 117. 2885: 2859: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2760: 2746: 2730: 2727: 2704:Kunar Province 2644: 2641: 2614:Main article: 2611: 2608: 2552:Main article: 2549: 2546: 2542:United Nations 2474: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451:Fazal Mohammad 2448: 2419:Main article: 2416: 2413: 2365: 2362: 2345:United Nations 2337:Mazar-i-Sharif 2303: 2300: 2272:accompaniments 2266: 2263: 2209:Main article: 2206: 2203: 2195: 2192: 2114: 2111: 2091:Main article: 2088: 2085: 1961:sexual slavery 1881:Movie theaters 1763:Talibanization 1754: 1751: 1649: 1646: 1638: 1635: 1623:ISAF coalition 1547: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1503: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1477:Jewish history 1474: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408:Related topics 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1137:Durrani Empire 1133: 1132: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1008: 1007: 1004: 998: 997: 994: 988: 987: 984: 978: 977: 974: 968: 967: 964: 958: 957: 954: 948: 947: 944: 938: 937: 934: 928: 927: 924: 918: 917: 914: 908: 907: 904: 898: 897: 894: 888: 887: 884: 882:Tibetan Empire 878: 877: 874: 868: 867: 864: 858: 857: 854: 848: 847: 844: 836: 833: 832: 829: 828: 823: 822: 819: 813: 812: 809: 803: 802: 799: 793: 792: 790: 784: 783: 780: 774: 773: 770: 764: 763: 762:20 BC – 50? AD 760: 754: 753: 750: 744: 743: 740: 734: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 714: 713: 710: 704: 703: 700: 694: 693: 690: 684: 683: 680: 674: 673: 670: 664: 663: 660: 654: 653: 650: 644: 643: 640: 634: 633: 630: 622: 617: 616: 613: 612: 606: 605: 597: 596: 587: 586: 579: 572: 571: 566: 562: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 546: 537: 534: 533: 528: 516: 515: 510: 500: 499: 494: 488: 487: 482: 476: 475: 470: 466: 465: 462: 459: 456: 455: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 435: 432: 431: 428: 422: 419: 418: 417:7 October 2001 415: 409: 406: 405: 402: 399: 396: 395: 392: 386: 383: 382: 379: 373: 370: 369: 366: 365: 356: 355:Historical era 352: 351: 345: 341: 340: 337: 336: 331: 328: 325: 324: 317: 314: 311: 310: 307: 306: 303: 301:Prime Minister 297: 296: 293: 292: 287: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 271:Supreme Leader 267: 266: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 224: 220: 219: 217: 216: 207: 200: 198: 194: 193: 188: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 167: 159: 158: 134: 133: 111: 110: 103: 96: 95: 89: 82: 81: 80: 77: 76: 72: 71: 56: 53: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8649: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8520: 8517: 8508:34.0°N 65.8°E 8480: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8467: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8349:War on terror 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8285: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8211: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098:Major figures 8096: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8070: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7947: 7943: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7892:Ali al-Tamimi 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7839:Major figures 7836: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7814: 7813:Islamist Bloc 7811: 7810: 7809: 7808:Al-Nour Party 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7676:Navvab Safavi 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7661:Tariq Ramadan 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7606:Safwat Hegazi 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7576:Muhammad Asad 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7545: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7488:Welfare Party 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7303:Turkish model 7301: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7286:Post-Islamism 7284: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7247:Islamic state 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7202: 7201:Shia Islamism 7199: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7134: 7132: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6920: 6919:Chief Justice 6917: 6916: 6915: 6914:Supreme Court 6912: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6877:Deputy Leader 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6603:2001 invasion 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593:Islamic State 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6503:Hotak dynasty 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6468:Maurya Empire 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6420: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351:Islamic state 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6276: 6275:Fall of Kabul 6273: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6019:Mullah Yaqoob 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5935: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5844:Rashid, Ahmed 5841: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5806: 5800: 5796: 5789: 5781: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5731: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5448: 5440: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5356: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5306: 5300: 5296: 5289: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5256: 5248: 5242: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5196:- pages 80–90 5195: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5013: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4753: 4747: 4739: 4733: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4705: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4571:9781850438038 4567: 4563: 4562: 4554: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4365: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4323: 4322: 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Williams 3809: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3660:, 1996-10-23. 3659: 3653: 3647:, p. 95. 3646: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3623:, p. 98. 3622: 3617: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3416: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3324: 3320: 3318:0-19-579274-2 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3236: 3229: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3089: 3082: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3055:"The Taliban" 3050: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2910:"The Taliban" 2904: 2896: 2889: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2761: 2758: 2747: 2744: 2733: 2726: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2630:civil service 2627: 2624:before their 2623: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2519: 2518:Mohammed Omar 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2479: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2404:War on Terror 2400: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255:Ghazi Stadium 2252: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2201: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140:law and order 2137: 2133: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2103:Mohammed Omar 2100: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2008: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1903:, girls were 1902: 1899:. Women were 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1811:Mohammed Omar 1808: 1807: 1802: 1801:law and order 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1711:Kandahar City 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1644: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611:War on Terror 1608: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1580:Islamic state 1578: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1558: 1554: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1445:List of years 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1385:Paropamisadae 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1325: 1324: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1267:Islamic State 1265: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1237:Islamic State 1235: 1234: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1127:Afsharid Iran 1125: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1107:Hotak dynasty 1105: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1076: 1075: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 990: 989: 985: 983: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 969: 965: 963: 960: 959: 955: 953: 950: 949: 945: 943: 940: 939: 935: 933: 930: 929: 925: 923: 920: 919: 915: 913: 910: 909: 905: 903: 900: 899: 895: 893: 890: 889: 885: 883: 880: 879: 875: 873: 870: 869: 865: 863: 860: 859: 855: 853: 850: 849: 845: 843: 840: 839: 831: 830: 820: 818: 815: 814: 810: 808: 805: 804: 800: 798: 795: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 781: 779: 776: 775: 771: 769: 766: 765: 761: 759: 756: 755: 751: 749: 748:Kushan Empire 746: 745: 741: 739: 736: 735: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722:247 BC–224 AD 721: 719: 716: 715: 711: 709: 706: 705: 701: 699: 698:Maurya Empire 696: 695: 691: 689: 686: 685: 681: 679: 676: 675: 671: 669: 666: 665: 661: 659: 658:Median Empire 656: 655: 651: 649: 646: 645: 641: 639: 636: 635: 631: 629: 626: 625: 620: 615: 614: 611: 608: 607: 603: 599: 598: 595: 589: 588: 583: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565:Today part of 563: 547: 545: 542: 541: 538: 532: 529: 522: 521: 518: 517: 514: 511: 509: 506: 505: 501: 498: 495: 493: 492:ISO 3166 code 489: 486: 483: 481: 477: 474: 471: 467: 463: 457: 454: 450: 446: 442: 439: 433: 429: 426: 425:Fall of Kabul 420: 416: 413: 407: 403: 397: 393: 390: 384: 380: 377: 371: 367: 364: 363:War on Terror 360: 357: 353: 349: 346: 342: 338: 335: 332: 326: 322: 318: 312: 308: 304: 302: 298: 294: 291: 288: 282: 278: 274: 272: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 248: 244: 241: 238: 236: 232: 228: 225: 221: 215: 211: 208: 205: 202: 201: 199: 195: 192: 189: 182: 179: 176: 172: 165: 160: 156: 150: 139: 135: 129: 128: 116: 112: 106: 100: 92: 86: 78: 73: 67: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 29: 22: 8489: 8479:North Africa 8380:Anti-Zionism 8283: 8275: 8267: 8262:(Qutb, 1964) 8259: 8254:(Asad, 1961) 8251: 8244:Forty Hadith 8243: 8235: 8218:Other topics 7820:People Party 7760:Ahl-i Hadith 7706:Ahmed Yassin 7686:Ali Shariati 7621:Ali Khamenei 7295: 7281:Pan-Islamism 7274:of knowledge 7269:Islamization 7096:Bibliography 6897:Human rights 6852:Constitution 6733:Demographics 6597: 6488:Hindu Shahis 6251:(2001–2021) 6225:Conscription 6046:Hasan Akhund 5899: 5848: 5824: 5816:Bibliography 5794: 5788: 5769: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5719: 5713: 5694: 5688: 5669: 5663: 5639: 5632: 5607: 5599: 5575: 5568: 5549: 5543: 5519: 5512: 5503: 5454: 5447: 5423: 5416: 5397: 5391: 5372: 5363: 5344: 5338: 5319: 5313: 5294: 5288: 5263: 5255: 5229:. 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Kabul. 4811:2 January 4784:2 January 4758:9 October 4582:15 August 4541:30 August 4517:18 August 4491:31 August 4467:31 August 4432:19 August 4266:20 August 4235:20 August 3854:cite book 3827:Routledge 3798:18 August 3565:21 August 3443:Cambridge 3393:: 81–91. 3222:2 January 3190:15 August 3029:Coll 2005 3017:Coll 2005 2979:0362-4331 2572:Sukhoi-22 2415:Sanctions 2129:the Iron 1875:or other 1845:paintings 1719:provinces 1335:Arachosia 1301:2004–2021 1286:2001–2004 1251:1996–2001 1241:1992–1996 1221:1978–1992 1201:1973–1978 1181:1926–1973 1161:1823–1926 1151:1818–1855 1141:1747–1823 1131:1738–1747 1121:1716–1732 1111:1709–1738 1101:1510–1709 1091:1501–1738 1066:1520–1591 1056:1370–1507 1046:1245–1381 1036:1256–1335 1032:Ilkhanate 1026:1224–1266 1016:1226–1245 1006:1219–1226 996:1215–1231 986:1037–1194 942:Saffarids 732:180–90 BC 223:Religion 75:1996–2001 8072:al-Qaeda 7966:Ideology 7955:Jihadism 7803:Al-Islah 7483:Al Wefaq 7383:in Syria 7378:in Egypt 7336:Deobandi 7210:Concepts 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3323:Archived 3295:(1999). 3216:Archived 3184:Archived 3160:25 April 3154:Archived 3079:Rashid, 3059:Archived 3040:Rashid, 3003:Rashid, 2983:Archived 2944:Archived 2918:Archived 2729:See also 2602:, and a 2594:A/Bs, a 2576:Mil-Mi 8 2548:Military 2408:al-Qaeda 2370:Pakistan 2039:and the 1979:madrasah 1977:with a " 1935:Gambling 1897:idolatry 1867:such as 1857:football 1797:de facto 1781:Kandahar 1729:people. 1692:Islamist 1684:Salafist 1676:Pashtuns 1575:, was a 1501:Category 1375:Khorasan 1355:Gandhara 1296:politics 1197:Republic 1097:Safavids 1052:Timurids 966:963–1187 952:Samanids 932:Tahirids 922:Abbasids 892:Umayyads 834:Medieval 610:Timeline 582:a series 580:Part of 469:Currency 8547:Taliban 8499:65°48′E 8496:34°00′N 8411:Balkans 8191:Slavery 8159:Related 8082:in Iraq 8029:Taliban 7973:Qutbism 7906:Related 7857:Ibn Baz 7529:Taliban 7517:Related 7413:Ennahda 7217:Emirate 7177:Qutbism 7164:Outline 7082:Outline 7018:Cuisine 7006:Culture 6982:Tourism 6935:Economy 6882:Cabinet 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