Tajiks - Knowledge

738: 2002: 746: 594: 4397:"The Historical Era gene flow derived from the Eastern Steppe with the representative of Mongolia_Xiongnu_o1 made a more substantial contribution to Kyrgyz and other Turkic-speaking populations (i.e., Kazakh, Uyghur, Turkmen, and Uzbek; 34.9–55.2%) higher than that to the Tajik populations (11.6–18.6%; fig. 4A), suggesting Tajiks suffer fewer impacts of the recent admixtures (Martínez-Cruz et al. 2011). Consequently, the Tajik populations generally present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age. Our results are consistent with linguistic and genetic evidence that the spreading of Indo-European speakers into Central Asia was earlier than the expansion of Turkic speakers (Kuz′mina and Mallory 2007; Yunusbayev et al. 2015)." 1233:, the head of the Uzbek Communist Party, Tajiks had to choose either stay in Uzbekistan and get registered as Uzbek in their passports or leave the republic for Tajikistan, which is mountainous and less agricultural. It is only in the last population census (1989) that the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely declared based on the respondent's ethnic self-identification. This had the effect of increasing the Tajik population in Uzbekistan from 3.9% in 1979 to 4.7% in 1989. Some scholars estimate that Tajiks may make up 35% of Uzbekistan's population, and believe that just like Afghanistan, there are more Tajiks in Uzbekistan than in Tajikistan. 4041:"The Tajik mtDNA gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of eastern Eurasian and western Eurasian haplotypes"...."The genetic features of other ethnic populations likely also reflect their documented demographic histories. For instance, the small mtDNA distance between the Tajik and Uzbek populations suggests a recent shared history. Tajiks and Uzbeks were only formally differentiated in 1929 when the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was established, and up to 40% of the current Uzbek population is of Tajik ancestry (Library of Congress Federal Research Division Country Profile: Uzbekistan Feb 2007)." 695:, a leading historian of Iranian and Central Asian history, the Persian migration to Central Asia may be considered the beginning of the modern Tajik nation, and ethnic Persians, along with some elements of East-Iranian Bactrians and Sogdians, as the main ancestors of modern Tajiks. In later works, Frye expands on the complexity of the historical origins of the Tajiks. In a 1996 publication, Frye explains that many "factors must be taken into account in explaining the evolution of the peoples whose remnants are the Tajiks in Central Asia" and that "the peoples of Central Asia, whether 1451: 234: 585: 1502: 3925: 2294: 991: 2298: 4077:, p. 392: "The south Asian component is comprised of nine mtDNA sequences (9.9%) belonging to the macrohaplogroups M and R . Two sequences were assigned to main branches of M including M3a1 (1.1%) and M30 (1.1%). Macrohaplogroup R was represented by six mtDNA sequences (6.6%) belonging to R0a (1 sample), R1 (2 samples), R2 (1 sample), and R5a (2 samples). One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) belonged to aforementioned U2b2, a south Asian autochthonous subhaplogroup of the macrohaplogroup R ." 872:, now under Turkish rule, as early as the poet ʿOnṣori, ca. 1025 (Dabirsiāqi, pp. 3377, 3408). Iranians soon accepted it as an ethnonym, as is shown by a Persian court official's referring to mā tāzikān "we Tajiks" (Bayhaqi, ed. Fayyāz, p. 594). The distinction between Turk and Tajik became stereotyped to express the symbiosis and rivalry of the (ideally) nomadic military executive and the urban civil bureaucracy (Niẓām al-Molk: tāzik, pp. 146, 178–79; Fragner, "Tādjīk. 2" in EI2 10, p. 63). 194: 952: 5816: 88: 2075: 1668: 214: 174: 128: 108: 1178: 51: 254: 568: 154: 5054: 1706: 1525:

samples). Both historical and more recent geneflow (~1500 years ago) shaped the genetic makeup of Southern Central Asian populations, such as the Tajiks. A follow-up study by Dai et al. (2022) estimated that the Tajiks derive between 11.6 and 18.6% ancestry from admixture with from an East-Eurasian

1360:

According to the last Soviet census in 1989, there were 3,149 Tajiks in Turkmenistan, or less than 0.1% of the total population of 3.5 million at that time. The first population census of independent Turkmenistan conducted in 1995 showed 3,103 Tajiks in a population of 4.4 million (0.07%), most of

716:

The Tajiks are the direct descendants of the Iranian peoples whose continuous presence in Central Asia and northern Afghanistan is attested from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The ancestors of the Tajiks constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwārezm (Khorezm) and Bactria, which

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B. A. Litvinsky, Ahmad Hasan Dani (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Age of Achievement, A.D. 750 to the end of the 15th-century. Excerpt: "...they were the basis for the emergence and gradual consolidation of what became an Eastern Persian-Tajik ethnic identity." pp. 101. UNESCO.

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West Eurasian maternal lineages included haplogroups H, J, K, T, I, W and U. East Eurasian lineages included haplogroups M, C, Z, D, G, A, Y and B. South Asian lineages detected in this study included haplogroups M and R. One lineage in the Tajik sample was assigned to the North African maternal

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languages. The Tajiks and their ancestors have inhabited Northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Central Asia continuously for many millennia. Northern Afghanistan in particular was significantly Tajik in ethnic makeup for most of its history, and only recently inhabited by other groups like the

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Lena Jonson (1976) "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", I.B.Tauris, p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 3% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya,

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Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Routledge, 1998. p. 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international

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who in the past were considered by the government of the Soviet Union nationalities separate from the Tajiks. In the 1926 and 1937 Soviet censuses, the Yaghnobis and Pamiri language speakers were counted as separate nationalities. After 1937, these groups were required to register as Tajiks.

2041:, dropped the Russian suffix "-ov" from his surname and directed others to adopt Tajik names when registering births. According to a government announcement in October 2009, approximately 4,000 Tajik nationals have dropped "ov" and "ev" from their surnames since the start of the year. 1761:

introduced the Latin script in 1928, and later the Cyrillic script, the Persian dialect of Tajikistan came to be disassociated from the Tajik language. Many Tajik authors have lamented this artificial separation of the Tajik language from its Iranian heritage. One Tajik poem relates:

737: 1521:(~8%). According to the authors, the South Asian (Great Andamanese) affinity of Tajiks was previously unreported, although evidence for the presence of a deep South Asian ancestry was already found previously in other Central Asian samples (e.g. among modern Turkmens and historical 1224:

Official statistics in Uzbekistan state that the Tajik community accounts for 5% of the nation's population. However, these numbers do not include ethnic Tajiks who, for a variety of reasons, choose to identify themselves as Uzbeks in population census forms. During the Soviet

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of eastern Afghanistan have deliberately been listed as Tajik by census takers and government agents. This is a result of the census takers being Tajik themselves, wanting to increase their own numbers for “consequent benefits”. Although, Pashayi-speaking

2058:. In 1989, the original name of the language (Farsi) had been added to its official name in brackets, though Rahmon's government renamed the language to simply "Tajiki" in 1994. On 6 October 2009, Tajikistan adopted the law that removes Russian as the 683:. Possibly are descendants from other groups, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians and non-Iranian peoples. The latter group may include Greeks who were known to have settled in the Tajikistan and Uzbekistan region following the conquests of 1493:

Y-DNA. ~45% of Tajik men share R1a (M17), ~18% J (M172), ~8% R2 (M124), and ~8% C (M130 & M48). Tajiks of Panjikent score 68% R1a, Tajiks of Khojant score 64% R1a. The high frequency of haplogroup R1a in the Tajiks probably reflects a strong

2001: 2062:

and mandated Tajik as the language to be used in official documents and education, with an exception for members Tajikistan's ethnic minority groups, who would be permitted to receive an education in the language of their choosing.

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in China. Some of the famous Islamic scholars were from either modern or historical East-Iranian regions lying in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and therefore can arguably be viewed as Tajiks. They include

1810:, which included parts of modern Central Asia and much of Afghanistan and constitutes as the Tajik's ancestral homeland, played a key role in the development and propagation of Persian language and culture throughout much of 1420:, between 700 and 1,200 Tajiks arrived in Pakistan, mainly as students, the children of Tajik refugees in Afghanistan. In 2002, around 300 requested to return home and were repatriated back to Tajikistan with the help of the 3363:

Country Factfiles. — Afghanistan, page 153. // Atlas. Fourth Edition. Editors: Ben Hoare, Margaret Parrish. Publisher: Jonathan Metcalf. First published in Great Britain in 2001 by Dorling Kindersley Limited. London:

3989:"The Tajik mtDNA pool was characterized by substantial admixture of western and eastern Eurasian haplogroups, 62.6% and 26.4% sequences, respectively. It also contained 9.9% of South Asian and 1.1% of African haplotypes." 1397:

or federal subjects near the Kazakhstan border. There are currently estimated to be over one million Tajik guest workers living in Russia, with their remittances accounting for as much as half of Tajikistan's economy.

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region (Bartol'd , "Tadžiki," pp. 455–57). Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian

4065:, p. 392: "The eastern Eurasian component is represented by haplogroups M8, M10, C, Z, D, G of the macrohaplogroup M, haplogroups A and Y1 of the macrohaplogroup N, and haplogroup B of the macrohaplogroup R ." 1465:

of Tajiks from Tajikistan revealed substantial admixture of West Eurasian and East Eurasian lineages, and also the presence of South Asian and North African lineages, as well. Another study reports that "the Tajik

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Schematic map showing the possible admixture model for Tajik populations. The time in parentheses represent a range. Arrows in different colors indicate ancestral sources and directions of the gene flows.

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in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan. According to official statistics (2000), Surxondaryo Region accounts for 20.4% of all Tajiks in Uzbekistan, with another 34.3% in

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The most plausible and generally accepted origin of the word is Middle Persian tāzīk 'Arab' (cf. New Persian tāzi), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. The Muslim armies that

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Moḥammad Reẓa Shafi‘ī-Kadkanī, ‘Borbad’s Khusravanis – First Iranian Songs’, in Iraj Bashiri (tr and ed), From the Hymns of Zarathustra to the Songs of Borbad, Dushanbe, 2003, p. 135.

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proposed a draft law to have the nation's language referred to as "Tajiki-Farsi" rather than "Tajik." The proposal drew criticism from Russian media since the bill sought to remove the

4053:, p. 392: "The western Eurasian component is represented by haplo- groups HV/, HV0, H, J, K, T, and U of the macrohaplogroup R, and haplogroups I and W of the macrohaplogroup N ." 2025:

script in Tajikistan. Furthermore, Tajikistan in particular has been a focal point for this movement, and the government there has made a conscious effort to revive the legacy of the

1984:

of Afghanistan, as the nation hosted an international symposium that drew scientific and religious leaders. The construction of one of the largest mosques in the world, funded by

4901: 2151: 3098:"Western languages were located in the western portion of the Iranian plateau, separated by the Dasht - e Kavir and Dasht - e Lūt deserts from the Eastern Iranian dialects." 4702: 4573:

writers (See: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1964, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; India and Central Asia, 1955, p 35, P. C. Bagch).

475:) which translates to "farmer or settled villager", in a wider sense "settled" in contrast to "nomadic" and was later used to describe a class of land-owning magnates as " 4755: 1517:. The genetic ancestry of Tajiks consists largely of a West-Eurasian component (~74%), an East Asian-related component (~18%), and a South Asian component samplified by 4933: 4588: 1973:. Recently, the Protestant community of Tajiks descent has experienced significant growth, a 2015 study estimates some 2,600 Muslim Tajik converted to Christianity. 3168:"... In Islamic usage, eventually came to designate the Persians, as opposed to Turks the oldest citation for it which Schraeder could find was in verses of 6127: 5636: 852:

applied this term more specifically to the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were variously the Turks' rivals, models, overlords (under the

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live in Dushanbe and number only a few hundred. From the 1970s to the 1990s the majority of these Tajik-speaking Jews emigrated to the United States and to

745: 1346:, there were about 47,500 Tajiks in Kyrgyzstan in 2007 (0.9% of the total population), up from 42,600 in the 1999 census and 33,500 in the 1989 census. 717:

formed part of Transoxania (Sogdiana). Over the course of time, the eastern Iranian dialect that was used by the ancient Tajiks eventually gave way to

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The ethnic composition of the 1.7 million registered Afghan refugees living in Pakistan are believed to be 85% Pashtun and 15% Tajik, Uzbek and others.

640:(Mountain Badaḵšān, in Tajikistan) and northeastern Afghanistan (Badaḵšān). Historically, the ancient Tajiks were chiefly agriculturalists before the 4672: 3976: 4370: 3648: 1085:, assimiliated into the respective local culture. Tajiks (or Farsiwans respectively) are predominant in four of the largest cities in Afghanistan ( 4728: 4392: 3054: 2835: 3401: 2117:

This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people from Afghanistan the United States is estimated as 80,414 (2005).

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https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/40616/Mobasher_washington_0250E_17869.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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and the exodus of Russians from Central Asia. Nevertheless, Russian fluency is still considered an vital skill for business and education.

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An autosomal DNA study by Guarino-Vignon et al. (2022), suggested that modern Tajiks show genetic continuity with ancient samples from

3618: 2218:, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88). 937:, as well as in overseas communities. Historically, the ancestors of the Tajiks lived in a larger territory in Central Asia than now. 6157: 5959: 5844: 5108: 4836: 4508:

region in Tajikistan. See: Geographical and Economic Studies in the Mahābhārata: Upāyana Parva, 1945, p 11-13, Moti Chandra – India;

4089:, p. 392: "One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) was assigned to subhaplogroup X2j. X2j is considered to be of North African origin ." 3779: 2242: 4891: 4434: 3447: 2358: 6152: 2271: 1787:

Many Tajiks can read, speak or write in Russian, however the prestige and importance of Russian has declined since the fall of the

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The geographical division between the eastern and western Iranians is often considered historically and currently to be the desert

3741: 3716: 2388: 3269: 2045: 1988:, was announced in October 2009. The mosque is planned to be built in Dushanbe and construction is said to be completed by 2014. 593: 6132: 4751: 1776:

Since the 19th century, Tajiki has been strongly influenced by the Russian language and has incorporated many Russian language

4609: 2552: 2463: 6107: 5622: 4970: 4819: 4642: 4466: 3800: 3540: 3483: 3084: 2806: 2779: 2752: 2018: 3031: 2599: 6117: 6112: 5952: 5837: 4862: 2311:

Of this number, approximately 65% are Tajiks according to a group of American researchers (Barbara Robson, Juliene Lipson,

1891: 4582: 3826: 3693: 3560: 1053:'s population, but according to other sources, they form 37–39% of the population. Other sources however, for example the 656:

that lasted until the devastating Mongolian invasion. Several surviving ancient urban centers of the Tajik people include

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but with strong elements from other cultures of Central Asia, such as Turkic and heavily infused with Islamic traditions.

5860: 6147: 6142: 1895: 1328:, there were 26,000 Tajiks in Kazakhstan (0.17% of the total population), about the same number as in the 1989 census. 770: 703:

speaking, have one culture, one religion, one set of social values and traditions with only language separating them."

5694: 5075: 5014: 4923: 3373: 3025: 2970: 2962: 2685: 2593: 2529: 2319: 1962: 1618: 1542:. The authors concluded that Tajiks "present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age". 1343: 1325: 1295: 998: 5069: 3834: 6137: 4461:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 257. 2429: 1961:

is the largest remaining community of Central Asian Jews and resides primarily in Bukhara and Samarkand, while the

1654: 827:(see Bregel, Atlas, Maps 8–10) consisted not only of Arabs, but also of Persian converts from Fārs and the central 675:

Contemporary Tajiks are the descendants of ancient Eastern Iranian inhabitants of Central Asia, in particular, the

3903: 2796: 1603: 542:, when the prestigious Persian language consequently spread further east leading to the gradual extinction of the 530:

of Central Asia, all of whom are known to have inhabited the region at various times. Tajiks are therefore mainly

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on river Vamkshu (Raghu vamsha 4.68), and then he marched against the Kambojas (4.69–70). These Kambojas were of

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Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (September 2002).

1382: 619: 3999:

Irwin, Jodi A. (6 February 2010). "The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns".

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Afghanistan's Experiences: The History of the Most Horrifying Events Involving Politics, Religion, and Terrorism

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Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups"

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Guarino-Vignon, Perle; Marchi, Nina; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio; Heyer, Evelyne; Bon, Céline (14 January 2022).

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loan words than Iranian Persian while retaining vocabulary that has fallen out of use in the latter language.

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The population of Tajiks in Russia was about 350,236 according to the 2021 census, up from 38,000 in the last

5101: 1307: 6102: 5739: 5645: 1355: 421:

ethnic groups are included as Tajiks. In China, the term is used to refer to its Pamiri ethnic groups, the

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both gave rise to a resurgence in Tajik nationalism across the region, including a trial to revert to the

5975: 5543: 3591: 3338: 3206: 2957:. Translated by Burton Watson. Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition), pp. 244–245. Columbia University Press. 1045:

speaking tribes were identified as Tajik, for example, the Furmuli. By this definition, according to the

985: 4332: 3247:"Ethnic Identity and Genealogies - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School" 2658: 409:

in Tajikistan, and the second-largest in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. They speak varieties of Persian, a

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Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002).

1628: 1337: 1319: 1172: 946: 933:, though there are more Tajiks in Afghanistan than in Tajikistan. Tajiks are a substantial minority in 4488:

Numerous scholars have located the Kamboja realm on the southern side of the Hindu Kush ranges in the

3394: 3052: 2833: 1737:, " royal courts", in the sense of "courtly language"), or also Parsi-e Darbari. In Tajikistan, where 1054: 708: 5999: 5893: 5797: 2138: 641: 539: 535: 531: 426: 3460:

There were about 5,000,000 in Afghanistan, where they constituted about one-fifth of the population.

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and excavations in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan show remnants of Zoroastrian fire temples.

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who refer to themselves by the region, province, city, town, or village that they are from; such as

5787: 5548: 5094: 3775: 3155: 410: 2514:"History and Foreign Policy: From Constructed Identities to "Ancient Hatreds" East of the Caspian" 2162: 959:

Tajiks make up around 84.3% of the population of Tajikistan. This number includes speakers of the

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as a reference to Persians in Persian literature can be found in the writings of the Persian poet

6049: 5802: 5729: 5058: 5024: 2585: 2548:

An Acoustic, Historical, And Developmental Analysis of Sarikol Tajik Diphthongs. PhD Dissertation

2034: 351: 20: 5080: 4778: 4442: 3328: 2521: 2513: 2188: 6054: 5928: 5792: 4500:, and the Parama-Kambojas in the territories on the north side of the Hindu Kush in modern-day 3581: 3196: 3163: 2704: 2494: 2238: 1912: 1730: 1531: 1303: 897: 868:

periods (ca. 1000–1260) adopted the term and extended its use to cover Persians in the rest of

4960: 4809: 4456: 3473: 3295: 1814:

after the Muslim conquest. Furthermore, early manuscripts of the historical Persian spoken in

5908: 5888: 5421: 5152: 4386: 3872: 3567:, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, table with number of Tajiks by province 3017: 2904: 1923: 1577: 1450: 877: 811: 754: 371: 3827:"4. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ПО СУБЪЕКТАМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ" 3314:

Markham, C. R. (January 1879) "The Mountain Passes on the Afghan Frontier of British India"

2769: 2410:

State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census

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pre-Islamic heritage of the Tajik people. Early temples for fire worship have been found in

840:

also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century. By the eleventh century (

6076: 6034: 6009: 5509: 4277: 4112: 3626: 2215: 1831: 1647: 1501: 1455: 1417: 1166: 1154: 645: 623: 5563: 4840: 2189:"Permanent population by national and / Or ethnic group, urban / Rural place of residence" 1538:

components, as well as a small contribution from the early population associated with the

1498:. According to another genetic test, 63% of Tajik male samples from Tajikistan carry R1a. 584: 8: 6081: 6039: 5918: 5351: 4431: 4266:"Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia" 4209:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 4160:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 3670: 3439: 3007: 2982: 2856:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 2350: 1904: 1887: 1839: 1835: 1754: 1582: 1106: 994: 837: 823:

early in the eighth century, conquering the Sogdian principalities and clashing with the

762: 692: 684: 4837:"Tajikistan restates its strategic partnership with Russia, while sending mixed signals" 4281: 4116: 2329:

Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.,

841: 6014: 5903: 5820: 5266: 5141: 4357: 4308: 4265: 4032: 3737: 3713: 3586: 3365: 3333: 3201: 2724:

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan : country studies

2380: 1613: 1413: 1407: 1299: 1242: 1210: 1146: 1102: 1057:, state that they constitute about 12–20% of the population, which is mostly excluding 1046: 910: 774: 556: 422: 5025:"The Sogdian Descendants in Mongol and post-Mongol Central Asia: The Tajiks and Sarts" 4585:

Tajikistan in the New Central Asia: Geopolitics, Great Power Rivalry and Radical Islam

4241: 4208: 4184: 4159: 3261: 2880: 2855: 1882:

minorities also exist in scattered pockets. Areas with large numbers of Shias include

5588: 5535: 5525: 5426: 5010: 4966: 4815: 4638: 4462: 4362: 4313: 4295: 4246: 4228: 4189: 4158:

Zerjal, T; Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Tyler-Smith, C (September 2002).

4140: 4135: 4100: 4024: 4016: 3968: 3960: 3642: 3536: 3479: 3369: 3299: 3080: 3021: 2966: 2958: 2910: 2885: 2802: 2775: 2748: 2681: 2589: 2525: 2080: 1518: 1255: 1110: 696: 628:

The Tajiks are an Iranian people, speaking a variety of Persian, concentrated in the

543: 451:, has become acceptable during the last several decades, particularly as a result of 3259: 2263: 990: 636:(Tajikistan and parts of Uzbekistan) and on both banks of the upper Oxus, i.e., the 5393: 5256: 5212: 5160: 5034:. ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2020: 187–198doi: 10.22679/avs.2020.5.1.007. 4605: 4352: 4344: 4303: 4285: 4236: 4220: 4179: 4171: 4130: 4120: 4036: 4008: 3956: 3952: 2875: 2867: 2546: 2455: 2264:"Total population by nationality (assessment at the beginning of the year, people)" 2049: 2022: 1807: 1795: 1726: 1713: 1700: 1486: 1462: 1416:

as of 2012, mainly refugees from Afghanistan. During the 1990s, as a result of the

1394: 1269: 1214: 1138: 1134: 968: 960: 849: 833: 718: 700: 649: 547: 436: 429: 382: 342: 294: 275: 3804: 3765:, Vol. 1, State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 1996, pp. 75–100. 1818:

during the development of Middle to New Persian show that their origins came from

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Ovchinnikov, Igor V.; Malek, Mathew J.; Drees, Kenneth; Kholina, Olga I. (2014).

3720: 3697: 3564: 3234: 3074: 3058: 3011: 2839: 2730: 2575: 2416: 2337: 2323: 2098: 2093: 2038: 1981: 1781: 1640: 1623: 1608: 1475: 1471: 1437: 1230: 1130: 1126: 1118: 972: 853: 778: 758: 637: 633: 448: 418: 386: 330: 5064: 4866: 3535:. University of Chicago, Division of the Humanities, Department of Linguistics. 3529:

A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur

2708:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 2498:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 1976:

Tajikistan marked 2009 as the year to commemorate the Tajik Sunni Muslim jurist

5898: 5719: 5614: 5603: 5401: 5365: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5235: 5191: 5180: 4863:"Some 4,000 Tajiks opt to use the traditional version of their names this year" 4290: 3688: 3555: 3499: 1954: 1883: 1742: 1696: 1692: 1572: 1495: 1362: 1218: 1149: 1142: 1122: 1114: 1090: 1058: 964: 527: 484: 468: 362: 298: 283: 5944: 5829: 4012: 3514:

Ethnohistory of the Qizilbash in Kabul: Migration, State, and a Shi'a Minority

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The voice of the nightingale: a personal account of the Wakhi culture in Hunza

888:

area. These Arabs were said to be from the Taz tribe, which is still found in

6096: 5749: 5704: 5674: 5669: 5504: 5457: 5416: 5379: 5249: 5146: 5131: 4348: 4299: 4232: 4101:"The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity" 4020: 3964: 3897: 3316:

Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography

3246: 2088: 2054: 1916: 1705: 1539: 1366: 1291: 1201:, the Tajiks are the largest part of the population of the ancient cities of 861: 845: 726: 609: 443:, which originally had some previous pejorative usage as a label for eastern 199: 6024: 3616: 3294:

The Oriental Institute, Woking, Butler & Tanner, Frome, United Kingdom,

2239:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" 5771: 5679: 5664: 5659: 5467: 5344: 5277: 5136: 4497: 4489: 4366: 4317: 4250: 4193: 4144: 4125: 4028: 3972: 3714:

Svante E. Cornell, "Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics?"

3676: 2889: 2312: 2014: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1788: 1758: 1558: 1514: 1386: 1378: 1287: 1226: 1074: 951: 869: 824: 488: 452: 390: 4263: 3303: 3107:

Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami by Durga Prasad Dikshit p.192

2771:

The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic

2316: 6029: 6019: 5913: 5573: 5568: 5452: 5300: 5284: 4526: 4493: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1908: 1868: 1845: 1746: 1675: 1050: 1010: 930: 804: 766: 653: 394: 312: 93: 2433: 1926:

release, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim, (approximately 85%

1667: 5864: 5709: 5699: 5684: 5228: 4505: 2906:

Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries

1977: 1958: 1946: 1900: 1777: 1750: 1709: 1679: 1510: 1198: 1186: 1177: 934: 926: 402: 398: 317: 219: 179: 133: 113: 50: 3899: 432:. In Afghanistan, the Pamiris are counted as a separate ethnic group. 5754: 5593: 5583: 5553: 5431: 5335: 5271: 5242: 4542: 3738:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 2723: 2214:

commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million

1671: 1206: 1182: 1070: 857: 657: 511: 455:

administration in Central Asia. Alternative names for the Tajiks are

406: 5558: 4690: 4099:

Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; et al. (August 2001).

3013:

The heritage of Central Asia from antiquity to the Turkish expansion

2994: 2330: 567: 5724: 5598: 5373: 5359: 5170: 4546: 4522: 4224: 4175: 2871: 2698:

M. Longworth Dames; G. Morgenstierne & R. Ghirshman (1999). "AF

2006: 1950: 1853: 1849: 1738: 1260: 1062: 885: 538:, likely adopting the language in the 7th century AD following the 515: 492: 476: 457: 444: 5086: 5744: 5714: 5462: 5406: 5386: 5308: 5198: 4558: 3617:

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (23 February 2000).

2581: 2351:"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам" 2026: 1943: 1876: 1872: 1861: 1815: 1527: 1202: 1190: 1005:

In Afghanistan, a "Tajik", is typically defined as any primarily

680: 665: 661: 613: 572: 503: 502:

The Tajiks have a mixed origin, and are primarily descended from

414: 259: 4333:"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians" 3898:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1 October 2002).

2029:

empire, the first Tajik-dominated state in the region after the

1767:

Once you said 'you are Iranian', then you said, 'you are Tajik'

555:

in the 19th century. The culture of the Tajiks is predominantly

5986: 5933: 5764: 5689: 5578: 5472: 5219: 5175: 5165: 5053: 4691:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 4570: 4206: 4157: 3116:

The First Spring: The Golden Age of India by Abraham Eraly p.91

2947: 2853: 2623:

Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia

2163:

https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf

1970: 1966: 1819: 1390: 1277: 1098: 1066: 1042: 865: 828: 796: 688: 676: 669: 534:

in their ethnic makeup but speak a Persian dialect, which is a

519: 507: 463: 290: 159: 3395:"ABC NEWS/BBC/ARD poll – Afghanistan: Where Things Stand" 2794: 6044: 5923: 5436: 5291: 5185: 4530: 3260:

Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1997).

2650: 1985: 1857: 1467: 1425: 1094: 1086: 1082: 1078: 892:. In the 7th-century, the Taz began to Islamize Transoxiana. 889: 523: 496: 480: 239: 4086: 4074: 4062: 4050: 3941:"Mitochondrial DNA variation in Tajiks living in Tajikistan" 3938: 3700:, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, p. 195 2993:), German version, tr. by Paul Baudisch, Kindler Verlag AG, 1117:, while making up significant portions of the population in 5206: 4521:

Dr Buddha Prakash maintains that, based on the evidence of

2030: 1931: 1879: 1587: 1006: 906: 800: 629: 279: 1802:

have a common origin. This is due to the fact that one of

1530:, with the remainder of their ancestry being derived from 777:, successfully repelled nine Soviet campaigns from taking 4725:"Today marks 18th year of Tajik independence and success" 4098: 2487: 1490: 1189:, it is predominantly a Tajik populated city, along with 413:. In Tajikistan, since the 1939 Soviet census, its small 145:

other, non-official, scholarly estimates are 8-12 million

4595:(International Library of Central Asia Studies), page 21 4510:

Geographical Data in the Early Purāṇas: A Critical Study

2733:

Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, page 206

2207: 1770:

May he die separated from his roots, he who separated us

4405: 4403: 4007:(3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 195–204. 3873:"2012 UNHCR country operations profile – Pakistan" 3378:

Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

2292: 2221: 1369:

adjoining the borders with Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

4770: 3186:

tr. & ed. Robert Devereaux (Leiden: Brill) 1966 p6

3079:. Eurasian language archives. Eurolingua. p. 48. 2935: 1361:

them (1,922) concentrated in the eastern provinces of

648:

also resulted in the rapid urbanization of historical

4634:

Islam and Islamic Groups: A Worldwide Reference Guide

4448: 3623:

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 1999

3357: 2551:. The University of Texas at Arlington. p. 191. 1381:

census of 1989. Most Tajiks came to Russia after the

925:

The Tajiks are the principal ethnic group in most of

356: 5000:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 4892:"Tajik Islamic Party Seeks Tajiki-Farsi Designation" 4689:

Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).

4400: 3900:"Long-time Tajik refugees return home from Pakistan" 3852: 3516:(Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University), p. 153. 2070: 1867:

Today, however, the great majority of Tajiks follow

1725:

The language of the Tajiks is an eastern dialect of

4727:. Todayszaman.com. 9 September 2009. Archived from 4637:. Longman Law Series. Longman Group UK. p. 1. 3427:

Fundamentalism reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban

2195: 1470:pool gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of 721:, a western dialect spoken in Iran and Afghanistan. 376: 5076:Tajik – The Ethnonym: Origins and Application 3891: 3140: 4989:Tajiks: Pre-ancient, ancient and medieval history 3072: 2788: 729:, situated in the center of the Iranian plateau. 6094: 5644: 4808:Rubin, Barnett; Snyder, Jack (1 November 2002). 3400:. Kabul, Afghanistan: ABC News. pp. 38–40. 2691: 1957:in Central Asia speak a dialect of Persian. The 5974: 5859: 5009:. London: Minority Rights Group International. 4924:"Tajikistan Drops Russian As Official Language" 4749: 4688: 4330: 3125: 2518:The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy 1306:officially recognized by the government of the 1077:etc. who, especially in large urban areas like 644:. While agriculture remained a stronghold, the 190: 6128:Ethnic groups divided by international borders 4865:. Asiaplus.tj. 17 October 1962. Archived from 3292:An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan 2483: 2481: 901:, however, the oldest known usage of the word 5960: 5845: 5630: 5102: 4962:A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East 4752:"Qatar paying for giant mosque in Tajikistan" 2745:A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East 1717: 1648: 860:times on). Persian writers of the Ghaznavid, 84: 39: 3647:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2327:The Afghans – their history and culture 2231: 1185: – although the second largest city of 781:and earned the nickname "Lion of Panjshir" ( 553:Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan 210: 170: 124: 104: 4807: 4624: 4391:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3610: 3230: 3228: 3145:(in French). Éditions Complexe. p. 80. 2955:Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian 2767: 2478: 1678:ceremony for new Persian Year, prepared by 1145:. Despite not being Tajik, the westernmost 16:Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia 5967: 5953: 5852: 5838: 5637: 5623: 5109: 5095: 4839:. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from 4424: 3793: 3768: 3625:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 3432: 3318:(New Monthly Series) 1(1): pp. 38–62, p.48 3073:Soper, J.D.; Bodrogligeti, A.J.E. (1996). 2761: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 1655: 1641: 782: 602:Tajik man and woman in 19th century photos 49: 4834: 4454: 4356: 4307: 4289: 4240: 4183: 4134: 4124: 2879: 2798:Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index 2795:Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach (2006). 1442:80,414 Tajiks live in the United States. 1105:in the northern and western provinces of 250: 4986: 3864: 3384:, Hazara 19%, Uzbek, Turkmen, other 18%" 3225: 2000: 1959:Bukharian Jewish community in Uzbekistan 1806:'s historical cultural capitals, called 1704: 1666: 1500: 1449: 1209:, and are found in large numbers in the 1176: 989: 950: 909:. The 15th-century Turkic-speaking poet 744: 736: 566: 150: 4001:International Journal of Legal Medicine 3707: 3519: 3020:: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 4. 2801:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 829–. 2712: 2629: 2620: 2538: 2507: 2505: 2488:C.E. Bosworth; B.G. Fragner (1999). "TĀ 2046:Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan 1938:, the great number of Tajiks adhere to 1523:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 230: 6095: 4995: 4886: 4884: 4758:from the original on 21 September 2013 4630: 4164:The American Journal of Human Genetics 3763:Population census of Turkmenistan 1995 3663:The History of the Clumsy Delimitation 3574: 3321: 3272:from the original on 27 September 2007 3189: 3000: 2860:The American Journal of Human Genetics 2648: 2621:Minahan, James B. (10 February 2014). 2544: 1991: 1942:. A small number of Tajiks may follow 1489:among modern Tajiks is the Haplogroup 1286:), including Sarikolis (majority) and 1041:, etc. Although in the past, some non- 5948: 5833: 5618: 5090: 5004: 4958: 4409: 3998: 3858: 3672:The History of a National Catastrophe 3450:from the original on 25 November 2011 2987:"Persien: bis zum Einbruch des Islam" 2941: 2742: 2573: 2567: 2555:from the original on 10 December 2013 2391:from the original on 24 February 2021 2201: 1953:are one such group. The community of 1259: 929:, as well as in northern and western 884:, used for a local Arab tribe in the 749:Young Tajik women in the 21st century 691:by Chinese chronicles. According to 687:and some of them were referred to as 5041:from the original on 9 October 2022. 4789:from the original on 1 February 2020 3979:from the original on 17 January 2023 3665:, Irfon Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1991 3598:from the original on 3 February 2021 3525: 3034:from the original on 24 January 2023 3006: 2902: 2511: 2502: 2274:from the original on 28 October 2016 2139:"Afghanistan Population 2024 (Live)" 1892:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province 1719:جمهوری اجتماعی شوروى مختار تاجيكستان 1428:and the two countries' authorities. 783: 435:As a self-designation, the literary 79:Regions with significant populations 5116: 5007:Afghanistan: A Nation of Minorities 4881: 4458:Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan 3407:from the original on 9 October 2022 3345:from the original on 4 January 2021 3253: 3213:from the original on 20 August 2021 2815:from the original on 6 October 2022 2649:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2175:"Tajikistan Population 2024 (Live)" 1996: 1844:Various scholars have recorded the 1718: 346: 40: 13: 4952: 4835:McDermott, Roger (25 April 2007). 4705:from the original on 13 March 2021 4373:from the original on 17 March 2023 4331:Dai et al. 2022 (25 August 2022). 4213:American Journal of Human Genetics 3906:from the original on 19 April 2020 3744:from the original on 14 March 2012 3472:D, Hamid Hadi M. (24 March 2016). 2923:from the original on 10 April 2023 2661:from the original on 10 April 2010 2651:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2602:from the original on 10 April 2023 2268:Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan 1896:Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County 14: 6169: 5046: 4936:from the original on 4 March 2016 4904:from the original on 25 June 2021 4776: 3879:from the original on 24 July 2020 3471: 3130:. Indiana University. p. 54. 3076:Loan Syntax in Turkic and Iranian 1741:script is used, it is called the 1526:steppe source represented by the 1296:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 1049:, Tajiks make up about 25–27% of 732: 6158:Ethnic groups in Parwan Province 5814: 5052: 4916: 4855: 4828: 4801: 4612:from the original on 13 May 2021 3803:. Perepis2002.ru. Archived from 3780:Federal State Statistics Service 3143:L'Afghanistan et ses populations 2466:from the original on 13 May 2021 2361:from the original on 27 May 2020 2243:Federal State Statistics Service 2073: 1431: 592: 583: 252: 232: 212: 192: 172: 152: 126: 106: 86: 6153:Ethnic groups in Kabul Province 6059: 4929:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4897:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4750:Daniel Bardsley (25 May 2010). 4743: 4717: 4682: 4658: 4598: 4576: 4515: 4482: 4415: 4337:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4324: 4257: 4200: 4151: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4044: 3992: 3932: 3926:"American FactFinder - Results" 3918: 3819: 3776:"Национальный состав населения" 3756: 3730: 3682: 3655: 3549: 3506: 3492: 3465: 3419: 3387: 3380:Ethnic Mix: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 3308: 3284: 3239: 3176: 3149: 3134: 3119: 3110: 3101: 3066: 3046: 2976: 2896: 2847: 2827: 2736: 2673: 2614: 2448: 2422: 2403: 2373: 2343: 2286: 2256: 2228:Samarqand and Bukhara regions." 2111: 1757:, as well as in Iran. When the 1412:There are an estimated 220,000 1383:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1349: 1294:ethnic group that lives in the 479:of noble blood" in contrast to 5070:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4608:. State.gov. 24 January 2012. 3957:10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.07.009 3727:, vol. 20, no. 2, Summer 2000. 3062:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 2843:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 2747:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 36–39. 2181: 2167: 2156: 2145: 2131: 1890:provinces in Afghanistan, the 1822:, in present-day Afghanistan. 1282: 1157:refer to themselves as Tajik. 979: 1: 6133:Ethnic groups in Central Asia 4606:"Background Note: Tajikistan" 4512:, 1972, p 165/66, M. R. Singh 2293:United States Census Bureau. 2124: 2052:as Tajikistan's inter-ethnic 1980:, whose ancestry hailed from 1963:Bukharaian Jews of Tajikistan 1753:, Tajiks continue to use the 1331: 1313: 1290:(minority) in China, are the 1160: 940: 848:, lines 280, 282, 3265), the 66: 6108:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5646:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 4105:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 3290:Bellew, Henry Walter (1891) 2768:Paul Bergne (15 June 2007). 2516:. In Shaffer, Brenda (ed.). 2512:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). 1780:. It has also adopted fewer 1356:Demographics of Turkmenistan 917:as a reference to Persians. 876:The word also occurs in the 790: 551:Pashtuns as a result of the 7: 6118:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 6113:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan 5976:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 5544:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism 4811:Post-Soviet Political Order 4668:, Jewish Virtual Library, ( 4432:Turkic Loanwords in Persian 3592:Central Intelligence Agency 3339:Central Intelligence Agency 3329:"Population of Afghanistan" 3207:Central Intelligence Agency 3141:Jean-Charles Blanc (1976). 2774:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 5–. 2066: 2033:advance. For instance, the 1825: 1686: 1445: 1401: 986:Demographics of Afghanistan 920: 377: 357: 10: 6174: 4987:Ghafurov, Bobojon (1991). 4814:. Routledge. p. 142. 4291:10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4 3690:Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan 3557:Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan 3429:, p. 170. NYU Press, 1998. 2545:Arlund, Pamela S. (2006). 1829: 1690: 1545: 1435: 1405: 1353: 1338:Demographics of Kyrgyzstan 1335: 1320:Demographics of Kazakhstan 1317: 1308:People's Republic of China 1240: 1173:Demographics of Uzbekistan 1170: 1164: 983: 955:Tajik family in Tajikistan 947:Demographics of Tajikistan 944: 794: 617: 607: 562: 540:Islamic conquest of Persia 18: 6148:Ethnic groups in Malakand 6143:Ethnic groups in Pakistan 5995: 5982: 5884: 5871: 5811: 5780: 5652: 5534: 5518: 5497: 5481: 5445: 5124: 4965:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4785:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. 4779:"TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN" 4013:10.1007/s00414-009-0406-z 3500:"Afghanistan - Qizilbash" 3376:"Population: 28.1 million 2989:(original English title: 1710:Tajik autonomous republic 1372: 1273: 1059:Persianized ethnic groups 809:According to John Perry ( 805:Tayy § Fifth century 472: 405:. Tajiks are the largest 366: 328: 323: 310: 305: 274: 269: 249: 229: 209: 189: 169: 149: 123: 103: 83: 78: 65: 60: 48: 5549:Ancient Iranian religion 4537:affinities who lived in 3126:Lawrence Krader (1971). 2991:"The Heritage of Persia" 2460:U.S. Department of State 2104: 2019:Civil War in Afghanistan 1252:Mountain Tajiks in China 1236: 1181:View of the Registan in 999:President of Afghanistan 536:Western Iranian language 411:Western Iranian language 139: 6138:Ethnic groups in Russia 5489:Ancient Iranian peoples 4783:TAJIK II. TAJIK PERSIAN 4675:13 January 2017 at the 4553:which is thought to be 4087:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4075:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4063:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 4051:Ovchinnikov et al. 2014 3669:. English translation: 3444:Encyclopædia Britannica 3268:. Library of Congress. 3128:Peoples of Central Asia 3057:21 October 2020 at the 2838:21 October 2020 at the 2743:Foltz, Richard (2019). 2586:Oxford University Press 2322:27 January 2010 at the 2295:"US demographic census" 2044:In September 2009, the 2035:President of Tajikistan 1794:The dialects of modern 1055:Encyclopædia Britannica 741:Tajik men in Tajikistan 709:Encyclopædia Britannica 620:Ancient Iranian peoples 461:(Persian-speaker), and 389:ethnic group native to 21:Tajiks (disambiguation) 5821:Afghanistan portal 5005:Jawad, Nassim (1992). 4996:Dupree, Louis (1980). 4455:Abdullaev, K. (2018). 4349:10.1093/molbev/msac179 4126:10.1073/pnas.171305098 3696:6 October 2008 at the 3563:6 October 2008 at the 3266:Country Studies Series 3184:Muhakamat al-lughatain 3164:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2953:Watson, Burton(1993). 2931:– via google.nl. 2705:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2574:Felmy, Sabine (1996). 2520:. MIT Press. pp. 2495:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2010: 1774: 1722: 1683: 1532:Western Steppe Herders 1506: 1458: 1326:1999 population census 1302:. They are one of the 1194: 1002: 956: 898:Encyclopaedia of Islam 874: 856:), and subjects (from 757:, the Tajik-dominated 750: 742: 723: 706:Regarding Tajiks, the 576: 393:, living primarily in 6123:Iranian ethnic groups 5446:Related ethnic groups 4591:10 April 2023 at the 4529:, Raghu defeated the 3801:"2002 Russian census" 3526:Lehr, Rachel (2014). 3512:Fazel, S. M. (2017). 3172:alāl al-Dīn Rūmī ..." 2004: 1924:U.S. State Department 1764: 1708: 1670: 1504: 1453: 1180: 993: 954: 878:Tonyukuk inscriptions 817: 812:Encyclopaedia Iranica 748: 740: 714: 642:Arab Conquest of Iran 608:Further information: 570: 324:Related ethnic groups 5510:Proto-Indo-Europeans 5422:Tats of the Caucasus 5081:Encyclopædia Iranica 5061:at Wikimedia Commons 4900:. 9 September 2009. 4869:on 23 September 2015 4443:Encyclopædia Iranica 4437:27 July 2017 at the 3425:Maley, William, ed. 3262:"Afghanistan: Tajik" 3008:Frye, Richard Nelson 2903:Wink, André (2002). 2415:23 July 2020 at the 2336:13 July 2020 at the 2216:Tajiks in Uzbekistan 2013:The collapse of the 1922:According to a 2009 1832:Islam in Afghanistan 1463:maternal haplogroups 1461:A 2014 study of the 1456:Khwahan, Afghanistan 1418:Tajikistan Civil War 1167:Tajiks of Uzbekistan 646:Islamization of Iran 624:Proto-Indo-Europeans 99:8-15 million (2024) 19:For other uses, see 6103:Ethnic Tajik people 4631:Shaikh, F. (1992). 4282:2022NatSR..12..733G 4117:2001PNAS...9810244W 3840:on 6 September 2018 3629:on 12 February 2021 3368:, 2010, 432 pages. 2983:Richard Nelson Frye 2729:20 May 2021 at the 2301:on 12 February 2020 2005:Tajiks celebrating 1992:Recent developments 1969:in accordance with 1894:in Tajikistan, and 1840:Islam in Uzbekistan 1836:Islam in Tajikistan 1755:Perso-Arabic script 1565:History and culture 1553:Part of a series on 1487:paternal haplogroup 1344:official statistics 995:Burhanuddin Rabbani 838:Rashtrakuta dynasty 821:invaded Transoxiana 773:. Tajik commander, 763:Burhanuddin Rabbani 693:Richard Nelson Frye 685:Alexander the Great 45: 4991:. Dushanbe: Irfon. 4959:Foltz, R. (2023). 4932:. 7 October 2009. 4843:on 14 October 2007 4754:. Thenational.ae. 4731:on 11 October 2014 4549:calls this region 4270:Scientific Reports 3719:5 May 2009 at the 3587:The World Factbook 3366:Dorling Kindersley 3334:The World Factbook 3202:The World Factbook 3166:, Online Edition: 3158:/B.G. Fragner, "Tā 2011: 1798:spoken throughout 1723: 1712:coat of arms with 1684: 1507: 1459: 1414:Tajiks in Pakistan 1408:Tajiks in Pakistan 1300:Northwestern China 1243:Tajiks of Xinjiang 1211:Surxondaryo Region 1195: 1103:qualified majority 1101:) and make up the 1003: 957: 911:Mīr Alī Šer Navā'ī 775:Ahmad Shah Massoud 769:and the communist 751: 743: 577: 423:Tajiks of Xinjiang 119:~8,700,000 (2024) 31: 6090: 6089: 5942: 5941: 5827: 5826: 5781:Foreign nationals 5612: 5611: 5536:Iranian religions 5526:Iranian languages 5396: 5389: 5382: 5368: 5354: 5347: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5303: 5294: 5287: 5280: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5222: 5215: 5201: 5194: 5155: 5057:Media related to 4972:978-0-7556-4967-9 4821:978-1-134-69758-8 4644:978-0-582-09146-7 4468:978-1-5381-0252-7 4430:Michael Knüppel. 3725:European Security 3542:978-1-321-22417-7 3485:978-1-5049-8614-4 3086:978-0-931922-58-9 2997:1964, pp. 485–498 2808:978-0-415-96692-4 2781:978-1-84511-283-7 2754:978-1-7883-1652-1 2655:iranicaonline.org 2436:on 25 August 2010 2315:, Mariam Mehdi). 2081:Tajikistan portal 2009:in Dushanbe park. 1919:and many others. 1871:, although small 1665: 1664: 1324:According to the 907:Jalal ad-Din Rumi 895:According to the 771:Afghan government 755:Soviet–Afghan War 375: 355: 336: 335: 143:~1,700,000 (2021) 6165: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5946: 5945: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5831: 5830: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5616: 5615: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5364: 5350: 5343: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5299: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5218: 5211: 5197: 5190: 5151: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5056: 5042: 5040: 5029: 5020: 5001: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4686: 4680: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4580: 4574: 4519: 4513: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4452: 4446: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4360: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4311: 4293: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4244: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4187: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4138: 4128: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4040: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3839: 3833:. Archived from 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3711: 3705: 3703: 3686: 3680: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3646: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3534: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3406: 3399: 3391: 3385: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3325: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3237: 3232: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3193: 3187: 3182:Ali Shir Nava'i 3180: 3174: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3070: 3064: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3004: 2998: 2980: 2974: 2951: 2945: 2944:, p. 33-60. 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2883: 2851: 2845: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2740: 2734: 2721: 2710: 2709: 2695: 2689: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2646: 2627: 2626: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2485: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2432:. Archived from 2426: 2420: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2347: 2341: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2297:. Archived from 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2135: 2118: 2115: 2083: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2050:Russian language 1997:Cultural revival 1808:Greater Khorasan 1721: 1720: 1714:Persian language 1701:Persian language 1657: 1650: 1643: 1550: 1549: 1519:Great Andamanese 1482:haplogroup X2j. 1476:western Eurasian 1472:eastern Eurasian 1395:Saint Petersburg 1304:56 nationalities 1284: 1275: 1263: 1261:[tudʒik] 1229:" supervised by 1155:Nizari Isma’ilis 961:Pamiri languages 850:Qarakhanid Turks 842:Yusof Ḵāṣṣ-ḥājeb 834:Chalukya dynasty 786: 785: 596: 587: 474: 430:Pamiri languages 425:, who speak the 380: 370: 368: 360: 350: 348: 301: 262: 258: 256: 255: 242: 238: 236: 235: 222: 218: 216: 215: 202: 198: 196: 195: 182: 178: 176: 175: 162: 158: 156: 155: 140: 136: 132: 130: 129: 116: 112: 110: 109: 96: 92: 90: 89: 74: 68: 61:Total population 53: 46: 44: 43: 42: 36: 30: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6086: 5991: 5978: 5973: 5943: 5938: 5880: 5867: 5858: 5828: 5823: 5815: 5813: 5807: 5776: 5648: 5643: 5613: 5608: 5530: 5514: 5493: 5482:Ancient peoples 5477: 5441: 5142:'Ajam of Kuwait 5120: 5118:Iranian peoples 5115: 5049: 5038: 5027: 5023: 5017: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4955: 4953:Further reading 4950: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4890: 4889: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4775: 4771: 4761: 4759: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4687: 4683: 4677:Wayback Machine 4666:"Bukharan Jews" 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4593:Wayback Machine 4581: 4577: 4520: 4516: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4453: 4449: 4439:Wayback Machine 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4401: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4374: 4329: 4325: 4262: 4258: 4205: 4201: 4156: 4152: 4111:(18): 10244–9. 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 3997: 3993: 3982: 3980: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3807:on 9 March 2012 3799: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721:Wayback Machine 3712: 3708: 3701: 3698:Wayback Machine 3687: 3683: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3640: 3639: 3632: 3630: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3565:Wayback Machine 3554: 3550: 3543: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3478:. AuthorHouse. 3470: 3466: 3453: 3451: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3379: 3377: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3309: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3181: 3177: 3154: 3150: 3139: 3135: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3071: 3067: 3059:Wayback Machine 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3028: 3005: 3001: 2981: 2977: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2852: 2848: 2840:Wayback Machine 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2809: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2741: 2737: 2731:Wayback Machine 2722: 2713: 2696: 2692: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2647: 2630: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2596: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2510: 2503: 2486: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2417:Wayback Machine 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2338:Wayback Machine 2324:Wayback Machine 2304: 2302: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2099:Kharduri Tajiks 2094:Chagatai Tajiks 2079: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2039:Emomalii Rahmon 1999: 1994: 1982:Parwan Province 1842: 1830:Main articles: 1828: 1743:Tajiki language 1703: 1691:Main articles: 1689: 1661: 1548: 1454:Tajik girls in 1448: 1440: 1438:Tajik Americans 1434: 1410: 1404: 1389:in places like 1375: 1358: 1352: 1340: 1334: 1322: 1316: 1245: 1239: 1231:Sharof Rashidov 1175: 1169: 1163: 988: 982: 973:Yaghnobi people 949: 943: 923: 854:Samanid Dynasty 807: 793: 779:Panjshir Valley 759:Jamiat-e Islami 735: 638:Pamir Mountains 626: 616: 606: 605: 604: 603: 599: 598: 597: 589: 588: 565: 532:Eastern Iranian 427:Eastern Iranian 331:Iranian peoples 315: 288: 287: 253: 251: 233: 231: 213: 211: 193: 191: 173: 171: 153: 151: 144: 138: 137: 127: 125: 107: 105: 87: 85: 69: 56: 38: 37: 34: 33: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6171: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5949: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5619: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5604:Zoroastrianism 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5540: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366:Pashtun tribes 5357: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5318: 5315:Chinese Tajiks 5306: 5305: 5304: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5281: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5195: 5192:Kurdish tribes 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5114: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5073: 5062: 5048: 5047:External links 5045: 5044: 5043: 5021: 5015: 5002: 4993: 4984: 4971: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4915: 4880: 4854: 4827: 4820: 4800: 4769: 4742: 4716: 4681: 4657: 4643: 4623: 4597: 4575: 4514: 4481: 4467: 4447: 4423: 4414: 4412:, p. 103. 4399: 4323: 4256: 4225:10.1086/342096 4219:(3): 466–482. 4199: 4176:10.1086/342096 4150: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4043: 3991: 3951:(6): 390–395. 3945:Legal Medicine 3931: 3917: 3890: 3863: 3861:, p. 208. 3851: 3818: 3792: 3767: 3755: 3729: 3706: 3681: 3654: 3609: 3594:. 6 May 2010. 3573: 3548: 3541: 3518: 3505: 3491: 3484: 3464: 3431: 3418: 3386: 3356: 3320: 3307: 3283: 3252: 3238: 3224: 3209:. 5 May 2010. 3188: 3175: 3148: 3133: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3085: 3065: 3045: 3026: 2999: 2975: 2946: 2934: 2915: 2895: 2872:10.1086/342096 2866:(3): 466–482. 2846: 2826: 2807: 2787: 2780: 2760: 2753: 2735: 2711: 2690: 2672: 2628: 2613: 2594: 2566: 2537: 2530: 2501: 2477: 2447: 2421: 2402: 2372: 2342: 2285: 2255: 2230: 2220: 2206: 2204:, p. 175. 2194: 2180: 2166: 2155: 2144: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2068: 2065: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1955:Bukharian Jews 1827: 1824: 1733:(derived from 1697:Dari (Persian) 1693:Tajik language 1688: 1685: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1496:founder effect 1447: 1444: 1436:Main article: 1433: 1430: 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1374: 1371: 1354:Main article: 1351: 1348: 1336:Main article: 1333: 1330: 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1248:Chinese Tajiks 1241:Main article: 1238: 1235: 1165:Main article: 1162: 1159: 1150:Pashayi people 1091:Mazar-e Sharif 1047:World Factbook 984:Main article: 981: 978: 945:Main article: 942: 939: 922: 919: 792: 789: 734: 733:Modern history 731: 634:Farḡāna valley 601: 600: 591: 590: 582: 581: 580: 579: 578: 564: 561: 528:Turkic peoples 334: 333: 326: 325: 321: 320: 311:Predominantly 308: 307: 303: 302: 272: 271: 267: 266: 263: 247: 246: 243: 227: 226: 223: 207: 206: 203: 187: 186: 183: 167: 166: 163: 147: 146: 141: 121: 120: 117: 101: 100: 97: 81: 80: 76: 75: 63: 62: 58: 57: 54: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6170: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5861:Ethnic groups 5855: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5822: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653:Ethnic groups 5651: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5505:Indo-Iranians 5503: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5458:Bukharan Jews 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5380:Arab-Persians 5377: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250:Southern Lurs 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5153:Baloch tribes 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125:Ethnic groups 5123: 5119: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5016:0-946690-76-6 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4974: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4935: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4823: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4777:Perry, John. 4773: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4627: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4583:Lena Jonson, 4579: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4498:Kunar Valleys 4495: 4491: 4485: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4418: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4394: 4388: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4170:(3): 466–82. 4169: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3664: 3661:Rahim Masov, 3658: 3650: 3644: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3552: 3544: 3538: 3531: 3530: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3501: 3495: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3383: 3375: 3374:9781405350396 3371: 3367: 3360: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3248: 3242: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156:C.E. Bosworth 3152: 3144: 3137: 3129: 3122: 3113: 3104: 3088: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3033: 3029: 3027:1-55876-110-1 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3003: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2972: 2971:0-231-08167-7 2968: 2964: 2963:0-231-08166-9 2960: 2956: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2686:9789231032110 2683: 2676: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2624: 2617: 2601: 2597: 2595:0-19-577599-6 2591: 2588:. p. 4. 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2541: 2533: 2531:0-262-69321-6 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2482: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2435: 2431: 2430:"Все новости" 2425: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2406: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2331:OCLC 56081073 2328: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2190: 2184: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2148: 2140: 2134: 2130: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2089:Bukharan Jews 2087: 2086: 2082: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2060:lingua franca 2057: 2056: 2055:lingua franca 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2003: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1917:Nasir Khusraw 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1624:United States 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1543: 1541: 1540:Tarim mummies 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1485:The dominant 1483: 1479: 1478:haplotypes." 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1452: 1443: 1439: 1432:United States 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:guest workers 1384: 1380: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1342:According to 1339: 1329: 1327: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 977: 974: 970: 966: 962: 953: 948: 938: 936: 932: 928: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 846:Qutadḡu bilig 843: 839: 835: 830: 826: 822: 816: 814: 813: 806: 802: 798: 788: 780: 776: 772: 768: 765:resisted the 764: 760: 756: 747: 739: 730: 728: 727:Dasht-e Kavir 722: 720: 713: 711: 710: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 625: 621: 615: 611: 610:Ghurid Empire 595: 586: 575:, Afghanistan 574: 569: 560: 558: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 470: 466: 465: 460: 459: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 373: 364: 359: 353: 344: 340: 332: 327: 322: 319: 314: 309: 304: 300: 296: 292: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 264: 261: 248: 244: 241: 228: 224: 221: 208: 204: 201: 200:United States 188: 184: 181: 168: 164: 161: 148: 142: 135: 122: 118: 115: 102: 98: 95: 82: 77: 73: 72:19–26 million 64: 59: 52: 47: 26: 22: 6005:Azerbaijanis 5875: 5734: 5564:Baháʼí Faith 5468:Persian Jews 5427:Tats of Iran 5411: 5352:Yidgha–Munji 5267:Mazanderanis 5079: 5068: 5031: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4976:. Retrieved 4961: 4938:. Retrieved 4927: 4918: 4906:. Retrieved 4895: 4871:. Retrieved 4867:the original 4857: 4845:. Retrieved 4841:the original 4830: 4810: 4803: 4791:. Retrieved 4782: 4772: 4760:. Retrieved 4745: 4733:. Retrieved 4729:the original 4719: 4707:. Retrieved 4701:(10): 1–19. 4698: 4694: 4684: 4665: 4660: 4648:. Retrieved 4633: 4626: 4614:. Retrieved 4600: 4584: 4578: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4517: 4509: 4484: 4472:. Retrieved 4457: 4450: 4426: 4417: 4387:cite journal 4375:. Retrieved 4340: 4336: 4326: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4046: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3981:. Retrieved 3948: 3944: 3934: 3920: 3908:. Retrieved 3893: 3881:. Retrieved 3866: 3854: 3842:. Retrieved 3835:the original 3830: 3821: 3809:. Retrieved 3805:the original 3795: 3783:. Retrieved 3770: 3762: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3732: 3724: 3709: 3702:(in Russian) 3689: 3684: 3677:Iraj Bashiri 3671: 3667:(in Russian) 3662: 3657: 3631:. Retrieved 3627:the original 3622: 3619:"Uzbekistan" 3612: 3600:. Retrieved 3585: 3582:"Uzbekistan" 3576: 3569:(in Russian) 3556: 3551: 3528: 3521: 3513: 3508: 3494: 3474: 3467: 3459: 3452:. Retrieved 3443: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3409:. Retrieved 3389: 3381: 3359: 3347:. Retrieved 3332: 3323: 3315: 3310: 3291: 3286: 3274:. Retrieved 3265: 3255: 3241: 3215:. Retrieved 3200: 3197:"Tajikistan" 3191: 3183: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3159: 3151: 3142: 3136: 3127: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3090:. Retrieved 3075: 3068: 3061: 3048: 3036:. Retrieved 3012: 3002: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2954: 2949: 2937: 2925:. Retrieved 2905: 2898: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2842: 2829: 2817:. Retrieved 2797: 2790: 2770: 2763: 2744: 2738: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2675: 2663:. Retrieved 2654: 2622: 2616: 2604:. Retrieved 2576: 2569: 2557:. Retrieved 2547: 2540: 2517: 2493: 2489: 2468:. Retrieved 2459: 2456:"Tajikistan" 2450: 2438:. Retrieved 2434:the original 2424: 2405: 2393:. Retrieved 2384: 2375: 2363:. Retrieved 2354: 2345: 2326: 2313:Farid Younos 2303:. Retrieved 2299:the original 2288: 2276:. Retrieved 2267: 2258: 2246:. Retrieved 2233: 2223: 2209: 2197: 2183: 2169: 2158: 2147: 2133: 2113: 2059: 2053: 2043: 2023:Perso-Arabic 2015:Soviet Union 2012: 1975: 1921: 1905:Imam Bukhari 1866: 1843: 1812:Greater Iran 1804:Greater Iran 1800:Greater Iran 1793: 1789:Soviet Union 1786: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1759:Soviet Union 1749:, unlike in 1734: 1724: 1515:Turkmenistan 1508: 1484: 1480: 1460: 1441: 1411: 1376: 1359: 1350:Turkmenistan 1341: 1323: 1281: 1265: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1227:Uzbekization 1223: 1196: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011:Sunni Muslim 1004: 963:, including 958: 924: 914: 902: 896: 894: 881: 875: 870:Greater Iran 825:Qarluq Turks 818: 810: 808: 752: 724: 715: 707: 705: 674: 627: 526:and various 501: 462: 456: 440: 434: 391:Central Asia 358:Tājīk, Tājek 338: 337: 71: 28:Ethnic group 25: 6020:Karakalpaks 5574:Manichaeism 5569:Khurramites 5453:Armeno-Tats 5032:Joo Yup Lee 4998:Afghanistan 4847:19 December 4664:J. Sloame, 4527:Raghuvamsha 3785:30 December 3748:22 December 3633:19 December 3276:19 December 2625:. ABC-CLIO. 2470:14 February 2440:14 February 2419:(Ukrainian) 2355:stat.gov.kz 2278:28 February 1940:Sunni Islam 1936:Afghanistan 1869:Sunni Islam 1846:Zoroastrian 1747:Afghanistan 1676:White House 1604:Afghanistan 1385:, often as 1051:Afghanistan 980:Afghanistan 931:Afghanistan 767:Soviet Army 761:founded by 753:During the 654:Transoxiana 632:Basin, the 514:, but also 491:during the 437:New Persian 395:Afghanistan 347:تاجيک، تاجک 313:Sunni Islam 289:Secondary: 94:Afghanistan 6097:Categories 5865:Tajikistan 5798:Pakistanis 5710:Nuristanis 5229:Feyli Lurs 5213:Bakhtiaris 5161:Bashkardis 4978:1 November 4709:30 October 4650:1 November 4506:Badakhshan 4474:1 November 4410:Foltz 2023 4276:(1): 733. 3983:17 January 3859:Foltz 2023 3675:, transl. 3454:6 November 3411:29 October 3092:1 November 3038:13 October 2942:Foltz 2023 2927:28 October 2916:0391041746 2702:ĀNISTĀN". 2606:13 October 2395:6 December 2385:www.gov.cn 2305:23 January 2202:Foltz 2023 2125:References 1978:Abu Hanifa 1947:Shia Islam 1913:Abu Dawood 1901:Abu Hanifa 1888:Badakhshan 1778:loan words 1751:Tajikistan 1680:Laura Bush 1629:Uzbekistan 1619:Tajikistan 1596:Population 1511:Tajikistan 1332:Kyrgyzstan 1314:Kazakhstan 1199:Uzbekistan 1187:Uzbekistan 1171:See also: 1161:Uzbekistan 1147:Indo-Aryan 1107:Badakhshan 1061:like some 1009:-speaking 997:served as 971:, and the 941:Tajikistan 935:Uzbekistan 927:Tajikistan 913:also used 795:See also: 784:شیر پنجشیر 618:See also: 571:Tajiks in 557:Persianate 495:and early 403:Uzbekistan 399:Tajikistan 385:-speaking 318:Shia Islam 220:Kazakhstan 180:Kyrgyzstan 134:Uzbekistan 114:Tajikistan 6050:Romanians 6000:Armenians 5894:Armenians 5788:Armenians 5755:Qizilbash 5594:Yarsanism 5584:Mazdaznan 5579:Mazdakism 5554:Assianism 5519:Languages 5432:Yaghnobis 5387:Basseries 5336:Oroshoris 5272:Ossetians 5257:Mamasanis 5243:Hasanvand 4543:Badakshan 4300:2045-2322 4233:0002-9297 4021:0937-9827 3965:1344-6223 3902:. UNHCR. 3844:23 August 3304:182913077 3018:Princeton 2909:. BRILL. 2665:17 August 2365:23 August 2248:31 August 1729:, called 1672:Haft-Seen 1283:Tǎjíkè Zú 1221:regions. 1215:Samarqand 1207:Samarkand 1183:Samarkand 1071:Qizilbash 1039:Kohistani 1027:Panjsheri 1015:Badakhshi 858:Ghaznavid 791:Etymology 681:Bactrians 658:Samarkand 512:Scythians 504:Bactrians 407:ethnicity 372:romanized 352:romanized 316:minority 270:Languages 6070:Kharduri 6065:Chagatai 6055:Russians 5929:Russians 5803:Russians 5760:Turkmens 5730:Punjabis 5725:Pashtuns 5599:Yazidism 5589:Scythian 5402:Semnanis 5394:Sistanis 5374:Persians 5360:Pashtuns 5329:Badzhuis 5322:Shughnis 5236:Hadavand 5181:Kumzaris 5171:Farsiwan 5166:Dehwaris 5036:Archived 4934:Archived 4902:Archived 4787:Archived 4756:Archived 4703:Archived 4673:Archived 4610:Archived 4589:Archived 4547:Xuanzang 4523:Kalidasa 4435:Archived 4377:18 March 4371:Archived 4367:36006373 4318:35031610 4251:12145751 4194:12145751 4145:11526236 4029:20140442 3977:Archived 3973:25155918 3904:Archived 3883:8 August 3877:Archived 3742:Archived 3717:Archived 3694:Archived 3643:cite web 3596:Archived 3561:Archived 3448:Archived 3402:Archived 3349:9 August 3343:Archived 3296:page 126 3270:Archived 3211:Archived 3162:īk", in 3055:Archived 3032:Archived 3010:(1996). 2921:Archived 2890:12145751 2836:Archived 2819:8 August 2813:Archived 2727:Archived 2659:Archived 2600:Archived 2553:Archived 2464:Archived 2413:Archived 2389:Archived 2359:Archived 2334:Archived 2320:Archived 2272:Archived 2270:. 2021. 2067:See also 2017:and the 2007:Mehregan 1951:Farsiwan 1909:Tirmidhi 1854:Buddhist 1826:Religion 1739:Cyrillic 1687:Language 1614:Pakistan 1573:Language 1446:Genetics 1402:Pakistan 1256:Sarikoli 1111:Panjshir 1063:Pashtuns 1019:Baghlani 921:Location 886:Tashkent 679:and the 677:Sogdians 650:Khorasan 544:Bactrian 516:Persians 508:Sogdians 499:period. 493:Sassanid 458:Fārsīwān 449:Iranians 445:Persians 419:Yaghnobi 381:) are a 306:Religion 6030:Koreans 6025:Kazakhs 5914:Koreans 5909:Kazakhs 5899:Badzhui 5889:Afghans 5793:Indians 5745:Hazaras 5720:Pashayi 5715:Pamiris 5690:Gurjars 5463:Hazaras 5417:Talyshs 5407:Shabaks 5309:Pamiris 5220:Shehnis 5199:Yazidis 5147:Balochs 5132:Achomis 4940:25 June 4908:25 June 4873:11 June 4793:20 July 4762:11 June 4735:11 June 4616:11 June 4559:Ptolemy 4551:Kiumito 4535:Iranian 4358:9469894 4309:8760286 4278:Bibcode 4113:Bibcode 4037:2759130 3910:11 June 3811:11 June 3679:, 1996. 3440:"Tajik" 3341:(CIA). 3236:, p. 26 2582:Karachi 2522:100–110 2027:Samanid 1944:Twelver 1930:and 5% 1877:Ismaili 1873:Twelver 1862:Bactria 1816:Mashhad 1796:Persian 1735:Darbārī 1727:Persian 1578:Culture 1546:Culture 1528:Xiongnu 1270:Chinese 1219:Bukhara 1203:Bukhara 1191:Bukhara 1139:Badghis 1135:Baghlan 969:Shughni 712:states: 697:Iranian 666:Khujand 662:Bukhara 614:Kartids 573:Bamiyan 563:History 548:Sogdian 497:Islamic 477:Persian 387:Iranian 383:Persian 374:: 354:: 343:Persian 295:Russian 276:Persian 260:Ukraine 165:350,236 70: 41:تاجيکان 35:Тоҷикон 6077:Tatars 6060:Tajiks 6045:Romani 6035:Kyrgyz 6010:Greeks 5987:Uzbeks 5934:Uzbeks 5924:Romani 5876:Tajiks 5765:Uzbeks 5750:Kyrgyz 5740:Turkic 5735:Tajiks 5705:Moghol 5675:Brahui 5670:Baloch 5559:Bábism 5498:Origin 5473:Shihuh 5412:Tajiks 5345:Wakhis 5292:Kudars 5278:Digors 5176:Gilaks 5137:Aimaqs 5065:Tajiks 5059:Tajiks 5013: 4969: 4818: 4641: 4571:Muslim 4567:Kumedh 4563:Kumadh 4555:Komdei 4539:Pamirs 4496:, and 4465: 4365: 4355: 4316: 4306: 4298: 4249: 4242:419996 4239: 4231: 4192: 4185:419996 4182: 4143: 4133: 4035: 4027: 4019: 3971: 3963: 3831:gks.ru 3602:26 May 3539: 3482: 3372: 3302: 3217:26 May 3083: 3024: 2995:Zürich 2969: 2961: 2913: 2888: 2881:419996 2878: 2805: 2778: 2751: 2684: 2592: 2528: 2381:"塔吉克族" 1971:Aliyah 1967:Israel 1949:; the 1934:). 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