77:
2417:
4374:
451:
788:
852:
any habilitation, is paid at the end of the academic year nearly €3000 for the entire academic year, without salary during the academic year. There are about 28 thousand "Professori a contratto" in Italy, . Associate
Professors have a gross salary in between 52.937,59 and 96.186,12 euros per year, Full Professors have a gross salary in between 75.431,76 and 131.674 Euros per year, and adjunct professors of around 3,000 euros per year.
2405:
309:
1176:. A research professor is usually the most senior rank of a research-focused career pathway in those countries and is regarded as equal to the ordinary full professor rank. Most often they are permanent employees, and the position is often held by particularly distinguished scholars; thus the position is often seen as more prestigious than an ordinary full professorship. The title is used in a somewhat similar sense in the
2393:
442:, even if these persons do not have the academic qualifications typically necessary for professorship and they do not take up professorial duties. However, such "professors" usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution. In general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis.
536:
Other roles of professorial tasks depend on the institution, its legacy, protocols, place (country), and time. For example, professors at research-oriented universities in North
America and, generally, at European universities, are promoted primarily on the basis of research achievements and external
1333:
Since the 1980s and 1990s, various stereotypes were re-evaluated, including professors. Writers began to depict professors as just normal human beings and might be quite well-rounded in abilities, excelling both in intelligence and in physical skills. An example of a fictional professor not depicted
918:
factor in the university was enhanced by legislation in 2001 (LOU). Some indicative numbers can be interesting, in spite of the variance in the data. We report net monthly payments (after taxes and social security fees), without bonuses: Ayudante, €1,200; Ayudante Doctor, €1,400; Contratado Doctor;
1414:
professor at the fictional
Middleton University. Early in the series, Annalise is a self-sufficient and confident woman, respected for being a great law professor and a great lawyer, feared and admired by her students, whose image breaks down as the series progresses. Sandra Oh stars as an English
851:
As late as 2021, in the
Italian universities there are about 18 thousand Assistant Professors, 23 thousand Associate Professors, and 14 thousand Full Professors. The role of "professore a contratto" (the equivalent of an "adjunct professor"), a non-tenured position which does not require a PhD nor
826:
46,680 in group "W2" (mid-level) and €56,683 in group "W3" (the highest level), without performance-related bonuses. The anticipated average earnings with performance-related bonuses for a German professor is €71,500. The anticipated average earnings of a professor working in
Switzerland vary for
968:
In 2007 the Dutch social fund for the academic sector SoFoKleS commissioned a comparative study of the wage structure of academic professions in the
Netherlands in relation to that of other countries. Among the countries reviewed are the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany,
406:
professor is a title given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature and ongoing research. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary, but they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, and so on.
1521:". Aside from such examples in the performing arts, one apparently novel example is known where the title of professor has latterly been applied to a college appointee with an explicitly "non-academic role", which seems to be primarily linked to claims of "strategic importance".
956:. This usage differs from the predominant usage of the word "professor" internationally, where the unqualified word "professor" only refers to full professors. The majority of university lecturers and instructors in the United States, as of 2015, do not occupy these
878:
The salaries of civil servant professors in Spain are fixed on a nationwide basis, but there are some bonuses related to performance and seniority and a number of bonuses granted by the
Autonomous Regional governments. These bonuses include three-year premiums
810:. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in their institution (e.g., department chair, dean, head of graduate studies, etc.) sometimes earns additional income. Some professors also earn additional income by moonlighting in other jobs, such as
1167:
In a number of countries, the title "research professor" refers to a professor who is exclusively or mainly engaged in research, and who has few or no teaching obligations. For example, the title is used in this sense in the
265:; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers.
1352:
movie franchise had a significant impact on the previous stereotype, and created a new archetype which is both deeply knowledgeable and physically capable. The character generally referred to simply as
1180:, with the exception that research professors in the United States are often not permanent employees and often must fund their salary from external sources, which is usually not the case elsewhere.
919:€1,800; Profesor Titular, €2,000; Catedrático, €2,400. There are a total of 14 payments per year, including 2 extra payments in July and December (but for less than a normal monthly payment).
814:, publishing academic or popular press books, giving speeches, or coaching executives. Some fields (e.g., business and computer science) give professors more opportunities for outside work.
1953:
1367:, although described alternatively as a high-school science teacher or research scientist, is depicted as a sensible advisor, a clever inventor, and a helpful friend to his fellow
300:. The role of professor may be more public-facing than that of more junior staff, and professors are expected to be national or international leaders in their field of expertise.
973:
and taxes. Because of differences between institutions in the US and UK these countries have two listings of which one denotes the salary in top-tier institutions (based on the
1425:
Mysterious, older men with magical powers (and unclear academic standing) are sometimes given the title of "Professor" in literature and theater. Notable examples include
792:
508:, including consulting functions (such as advising government and nonprofit organizations) or providing expert commentary on TV or radio news or public affairs programs;
822:
A report from 2005 by the "Deutscher
Hochschulverband DHV", a lobby group for German professors, the salary of professors, the annual salary of a German professor is
899:, according to compliance with research criteria laid down by the national government). These salary bonuses are relatively small. Nevertheless, the total number of
1756:
2525:
394:
applies to most post-doctoral academics, so a larger percentage are thus designated. In these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees (typically
292:. In many universities, full professors take on senior managerial roles such as leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as
3450:
689:
594:
2914:
2876:
2839:
2802:
746:
2086:
358:'lay claim to, declare openly'". As a title that is "prefixed to a name, it dates from 1706". The "hort form prof is recorded from 1838". The term
1821:
1643:
3090:
2544:
435:
Beyond holding the proper academic title, universities in many countries also give notable artists, athletes and foreign dignitaries the title
2306:
1618:
1422:
The series includes her character's negotiation of liberal arts campus politics, in particular issues of racism, sexism, and social mores.
1203:
individuals often lost in thought. In many cases, fictional professors are socially or physically awkward. Examples include the 1961 film
521:
Conducting administrative or managerial functions, usually at a high level (e.g. deans, heads of departments, research centers, etc.); and
4403:
4178:
4053:
2237:
1453:. A variation of this type of non-academic professor is the "crackpot inventor", as portrayed by Professor Potts in the film version of
4063:
2775:
980:
The table below shows the final reference wages (per year) expressed in net amounts of Dutch euros in 2014 (i.e., converted into Dutch
664:
569:
1934:
4321:
1757:"What makes an expert university teacher? A systematic review and synthesis of frameworks for teacher expertise in higher education"
1177:
1172:(where it is known as a research professor at some universities and professorial research fellow at some other institutions) and in
3219:
2451:
1666:
4170:
4108:
4150:
3481:
3127:
1691:
739:
2109:
4145:
2075:
4155:
1354:
714:
674:
574:
2211:
4188:
2539:
1219:
stories. Professors have also been portrayed as being misguided into an evil pathway, such as
Professor Metz, who helped
941:
719:
928:
432:
as used in the United
Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries; ranking above senior lecturer and below full professor.
4336:
4316:
4295:
249:, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "
4300:
4183:
4026:
732:
659:
1985:
4048:
2421:
2829:
969:
Belgium, France, Sweden and the Netherlands. To improve comparability, adjustments have been made to correct for
933:
387:
383:
362:
is also used with a different meaning: "ne professing religion. This canting use of the word comes down from the
324:
was first used in the late 14th century to mean 'one who teaches a branch of knowledge'. The word comes "...from
2409:
2010:
4038:
2768:
694:
1868:
4331:
4103:
4098:
3582:
1394:
797:
2153:
4326:
4160:
4125:
4076:
3800:
3056:
2444:
1189:
472:, research, and publications in their departments (in countries where a professor is head of a department);
1619:"Assistant? Associate? What the words before "professor" mean: Titles may not mean what you think they do"
4280:
4270:
4137:
3345:
2825:
2397:
1755:
van Dijk, Esther E.; van Tartwijk, Jan; van der Schaaf, Marieke F.; Kluijtmans, Manon (1 November 2020).
1406:
1251:
1228:
1205:
564:
422:, which are not considered professor-level positions in all European countries. In Australia, the title
34:
4260:
3599:
3120:
2362:
2035:
1417:
709:
654:
589:
464:
Professors are qualified experts in their field who generally perform some or all the following tasks:
59:
4285:
4225:
2761:
1540:
1415:
professor, Ji-Yoon Kim, recently promoted to the role of department chair in the 2021 Netflix series
1335:
1277:
624:
619:
609:
599:
437:
30:
4230:
4220:
3577:
3389:
2894:
2472:
1215:
704:
684:
679:
669:
644:
634:
614:
579:
2314:
4408:
4398:
4377:
4275:
4210:
2821:
2681:
2660:
2437:
2183:
2161:
1843:
1730:
1455:
1200:
873:
699:
649:
639:
629:
604:
584:
375:
2336:
4235:
3864:
3606:
2867:
2676:
2620:
2587:
2477:
1377:
893:, according to compliance with teaching criteria set by the university) and six-year premiums (
840:
554:
546:
427:
277:
246:
199:
1916:
1300:, the teachers are known as professors, many of whom play important roles, notably Professors
4290:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4093:
3161:
3113:
2928:
2715:
2687:
2082:
498:
76:
802:
DHV. Bars are for assistant professor, associate professor and full professor, respectively.
4351:
4346:
4250:
4120:
4071:
3465:
3431:
3416:
3252:
3199:
3042:
2998:
2904:
2890:
2848:
2793:
1477:
1363:
1223:
832:
458:
293:
1986:"Salary Sapienza University of Rome Italy (in Italian) Tabella stipendi personale Docente"
8:
3735:
3540:
3515:
3495:
3399:
3033:
3018:
2591:
2515:
2510:
1530:
1445:
1281:
418:
412:
281:
262:
258:
161:
864:, the salary of a professor in any public university is 447,300 SAR, or 119 217.18 USD
3892:
3874:
3869:
3857:
3691:
3510:
3490:
3460:
3242:
3214:
2960:
2885:
2737:
2650:
2645:
2629:
2610:
2572:
1799:
1546:
1305:
1269:
1233:
1210:
363:
227:
153:
55:
1471:. Other professors of this type are the thoughtful and kind Professor Digory Kirke of
3897:
3815:
3552:
3505:
3443:
3272:
3052:
2816:
2135:
1781:
1592:
1535:
1401:
1319:
807:
525:
512:
505:
491:
342:'person who professes to be an expert in some art or science; teacher of highest rank
269:
4341:
4215:
4115:
3945:
3753:
3643:
3594:
3567:
3320:
3315:
3168:
3082:
3038:
2955:
2811:
2520:
1771:
1564:
1386:
1286:
1261:
981:
974:
970:
880:
768:
529:
1254:, a typical absent-minded but genius-level professor. A related stereotype is the
288:, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a
4086:
3778:
3589:
3335:
3325:
3077:
3061:
3023:
3008:
2975:
2785:
2742:
2703:
2655:
2615:
2582:
2549:
2487:
1917:"University L'Orientale of Naples – table of annual fees for contract professors"
1776:
1461:
1265:
1241:
1173:
297:
285:
165:
157:
143:
Academic knowledge, research, writing journal articles or book chapters, teaching
81:
4043:
3987:
3826:
3783:
3711:
3455:
3426:
3351:
3305:
3247:
3204:
3047:
3003:
2970:
2853:
2730:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1439:
1169:
828:
353:
4392:
3884:
3681:
3470:
3340:
3330:
3288:
3262:
3257:
3194:
3154:
2188:
2139:
1785:
1385:
of the strict, authoritarian professor who demands perfection from students.
1372:
1348:
1309:
1255:
771:
throughout the world follow a similar hierarchical ranking structure amongst
454:
273:
2753:
1754:
3917:
3844:
3623:
3613:
3532:
3282:
3189:
3139:
2965:
2725:
2720:
2709:
2698:
1559:
1467:
1339:
1327:
1292:
1220:
957:
2429:
940:. In the U.S., the word "professor" informally refers collectively to the
484:
4081:
3912:
3902:
3852:
3834:
3745:
3706:
3500:
3411:
3394:
3028:
1498:
1494:
1472:
1426:
1398:
1390:
1346:, who is skilled at both scholarship and fighting. The popularity of the
1323:
1273:
495:
2416:
2284:
2262:
2212:"A new lie has consequences for everyone on How To Get Away With Murder"
2123:
3927:
3267:
1450:
1343:
1301:
1196:
915:
836:
811:
764:
524:
Assessing students in their fields of expertise (e.g., through grading
450:
399:
347:
325:
223:
203:
1437:
and Professor Drosselmeyer (as he is sometimes known) from the ballet
3973:
3968:
3935:
3907:
3795:
3790:
3726:
3701:
3562:
3277:
3209:
2923:
1510:
1237:
1195:
Traditional fictional portrayals of professors, in accordance with a
787:
108:
1935:"Essere professore a contratto all'università...per 3,75 euro l'ora"
1375:'s portrayal of law school professor Charles W. Kingsfield, Jr., in
3982:
3954:
3940:
3807:
3773:
3731:
3716:
3676:
3421:
2577:
1553:
1490:
1368:
1297:
1246:
937:
776:
772:
760:
469:
403:
313:
195:
179:
128:
112:
1894:
308:
3978:
3963:
3959:
3721:
3671:
3663:
3653:
3557:
3545:
3404:
3300:
3294:
2404:
1502:
1382:
1318:, Professor Plum has been depicted as an absent-minded academic.
480:
476:
219:
191:
116:
51:
Academic title at universities and other educational institutions
2238:"What 'The Chair' Gets Unexpectedly Right About the Ivory Tower"
398:
degrees) or equivalent qualifications who teach in colleges and
374:
A professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most
3950:
3763:
3696:
3636:
3631:
3438:
3105:
3013:
2980:
2899:
2693:
2392:
2011:"Average Professor – Education Salary in Saudi Arabia for 2023"
1509:
and other rough environments have been called "professor". The
1358:
1314:
328:
289:
239:
905:
is a prerequisite for being a member of different committees.
3758:
3686:
3237:
2124:"Cinema, Supernatural Archaeology, and the Hidden Human Past"
1960:
1430:
334:
235:
835:
and 187,937 CHF (€121,461) to 247,280 CHF (€159,774) at the
3768:
3310:
823:
284:
courses in their fields of expertise. In universities with
2060:
1443:. Also, the magician played by Christian Bale in the film
988:
NL comparison, 2014, net salaries, in NL purchasing power
54:
For the broader American term for academic employees, see
1800:"Associate Professor – definition of associate professor"
1411:
806:
A professor typically earns a base salary and a range of
791:
Salary of professors, as reported in the 2005 report the
395:
2087:"International wage differences in academic occupations"
230:
and research institutions in most countries. Literally,
1667:"Dr Who or Professor Who? On Academic Email Etiquette"
2081:
382:
is the highest academic rank at a university. In the
2061:"SoFoKleS | Sociaal Fonds voor de KennisSector"
238:
as a "person who professes". Professors are usually
1692:"Promoted from doctor to professor: what changes?"
1501:in his role as "The Big Professor". In the past,
839:; the regulations are different depending on the
242:in their field and teachers of the highest rank.
4390:
2209:
2181:
2036:"COE – Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty"
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
253:". In some countries and institutions, the word
887:, according to seniority), five-year premiums (
378:nations, as well as northern Europe, the title
3091:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1844:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1731:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1716:David K. Knox "Socrates: The First Professor"
410:The term professor is also used in the titles
257:is also used in titles of lower ranks such as
3121:
2783:
2769:
2445:
2182:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (25 September 2014).
1720:December 1998, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp 115–126
1577:
929:Professors in the United States § Salary
909:
900:
894:
888:
740:
4025:
3805:
1330:who had an affair with one of his patients.
936:commonly occupy any of several positions in
831:(€102,729) to 232,073 CHF (€149,985) at the
490:Performing, leading and publishing advanced
2459:
2210:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (23 October 2015).
1933:Monella, Lillo Montalto (26 January 2018).
1644:"United Kingdom, Academic Career Structure"
1545:(S.T.P.) – degree now awarded as S.T.D. or
351:
337:
316:was one of the earliest recorded professors
15:
3128:
3114:
2776:
2762:
2452:
2438:
1610:
817:
747:
733:
16:
1869:"What exactly is a professor these days?"
1775:
1616:
4013:
2337:"A working life: The Punch and Judy man"
2040:National Center for Education Statistics
786:
449:
307:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
2235:
2121:
1932:
1664:
14:
4391:
2184:"How To Get Away With Murder: "Pilot""
1822:"Australia, Academic Career Structure"
1686:
1684:
4012:
3369:
3109:
2757:
2433:
1517:show is also traditionally known as "
1484:
1162:
518:Mentoring more junior academic staff;
1272:, frequently used professors as the
346:"; the Latin term came from the "...
2236:Dettmar, Kevin (2 September 2021).
1681:
1188:For a more comprehensive list, see
960:ranks, but are part-time adjuncts.
779:; the list above provides details.
540:
48:
4404:Education and training occupations
3371:
3370:
2367:Union Theological College, Belfast
2175:
2110:Classification of Ranks and Titles
1590:
1049:United Kingdom – top universities
483:in their specialties (i.e., they "
49:
4420:
2385:
2307:"Music: Machines & Musicians"
2154:"Viola Davis as Annalise Keating"
1296:series, set at the wizard school
1021:United States – top universities
963:
4373:
4372:
3135:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2313:. 30 August 1937. Archived from
1665:Hartley, Tom (26 January 2013).
1617:Pettigrew, Todd (17 June 2011).
922:
75:
2830:Certificate of Higher Education
2355:
2329:
2299:
2277:
2255:
2229:
2203:
2146:
2115:
2103:
2053:
2028:
2003:
1978:
1926:
1909:
1887:
1861:
1836:
1824:. European University Institute
1814:
1646:. European University Institute
1433:franchise, Professor Marvel in
934:Professors in the United States
855:
366:, but is obsolete in England."
4014:
1792:
1748:
1723:
1710:
1658:
1636:
1449:adopts 'The Professor' as his
369:
312:The Ancient Greek philosopher
13:
1:
2420:The dictionary definition of
1570:
1395:American Broadcasting Company
1244:. The modern animated series
1183:
426:is used in place of the term
1895:"Deutscher Hochschulverband"
1873:Times Higher Education (THE)
1848:Western Governors University
1777:10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100365
1735:Western Governors University
1459:or the Jerry Lewis-inspired
1338:, a professor as well as an
1190:List of fictional professors
303:
7:
2826:Diploma of Higher Education
2565:Research and teaching track
1990:Sapienza Università di Roma
1764:Educational Research Review
1718:Innovative Higher Education
1597:Online Etymology Dictionary
1542:Sacrae Theologiae Professor
1524:
1489:The title has been used by
1407:How to Get Away with Murder
1334:as shy or absent-minded is
1252:Professor Hubert Farnsworth
1206:The Absent-Minded Professor
515:in their academic training;
10:
4425:
3220:Weberian (three-component)
1264:, author and professor of
1187:
926:
871:
793:Deutscher Hochschulverband
767:and other institutions of
544:
333:(14c.) and directly from
60:Professor (disambiguation)
53:
4368:
4309:
4201:
4169:
4136:
4062:
4034:
4021:
4008:
3926:
3883:
3843:
3825:
3744:
3662:
3622:
3531:
3524:
3479:
3382:
3378:
3365:
3228:
3182:
3178:
3149:
3070:
2989:
2948:
2941:
2913:
2875:
2866:
2838:
2801:
2792:
2669:
2638:
2558:
2496:
2465:
2263:"The Wizard of Oz (1939)"
1276:in his novels. Professor
782:
268:Professors often conduct
214:(commonly abbreviated as
185:
171:
147:
139:
134:
122:
102:
94:
89:
74:
4342:Pre-industrial East Asia
1802:. Free Online Dictionary
1216:The Adventures of Tintin
908:The importance of these
867:
846:
827:example between 158,953
555:Academic ranks worldwide
457:, Emeritus Professor at
445:
228:post-secondary education
56:Faculty (academic staff)
31:latest accepted revision
3390:Administrative detainee
2822:Higher National Diploma
2682:Distinguished professor
2661:Postdoctoral researcher
2460:Academic ranks overview
2162:The Walt Disney Company
2122:Hiscock, Peter (2012).
1456:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
1280:is a main character in
1232:; or simply evil, like
874:Academic ranks in Spain
818:Germany and Switzerland
537:grant-raising success.
329:
3806:
2621:Senior research fellow
2408:Quotations related to
1696:Times Higher Education
1493:, such as "Professor"
910:
901:
895:
889:
884:
841:Cantons of Switzerland
803:
547:List of academic ranks
461:
352:
338:
317:
290:thesis or dissertation
58:. For other uses, see
4347:Pre-industrial Europe
2929:Candidate of Sciences
2716:Professor of practice
2497:North American system
2285:"The Prestige (2006)"
2085:(23 September 2015).
2083:SEO Economic Research
1897:. Hochschulverband.de
1240:of British detective
927:Further information:
872:Further information:
790:
453:
311:
4204: or countries
4015:By country or region
3253:Class discrimination
2999:Academic certificate
2891:Postgraduate diploma
2400:at Wikimedia Commons
1478:Chronicles of Narnia
1312:. In the board game
1229:Diamonds Are Forever
999:Associate professor
996:Assistant professor
833:University of Zurich
459:Princeton University
3736:Vanniar (Chieftain)
3034:Professional degree
2592:associate professor
2559:Commonwealth system
2516:Associate professor
2511:Assistant professor
1531:Academic discipline
1381:(1973) remains the
1282:George Bernard Shaw
989:
950:associate professor
946:assistant professor
424:associate professor
419:associate professor
413:assistant professor
272:and commonly teach
263:assistant professor
259:associate professor
245:In most systems of
162:professional degree
71:
21:Page version status
4317:18th-century Spain
4171:Standard of living
3875:Upper middle class
3870:Lower middle class
3461:Political prisoner
3243:Chattering classes
3215:Spoon class theory
2961:Doctor of Sciences
2738:Teaching assistant
2651:Research associate
2646:Research assistant
2630:research professor
2611:Research assistant
2573:Associate lecturer
1875:. 13 November 2015
1698:. 14 November 2016
1547:Doctor of Divinity
1485:Non-academic usage
1404:television series
1357:on the television
1234:Professor Moriarty
1211:Professor Calculus
1163:Research professor
987:
804:
462:
364:Elizabethan period
318:
149:Education required
69:
27:
4386:
4385:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4197:
4196:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3898:Lumpenproletariat
3400:illegal immigrant
3361:
3360:
3273:Classless society
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3053:Specialist degree
2937:
2936:
2905:Engineer's degree
2862:
2861:
2849:Bachelor's degree
2817:Foundation degree
2751:
2750:
2540:Adjunct professor
2396:Media related to
2363:"REINFORCEMENTS!"
1591:Harper, Douglas.
1536:Adjunct professor
1364:Gilligan's Island
1320:Christopher Lloyd
1160:
1159:
860:According to The
808:employee benefits
757:
756:
513:graduate students
506:community service
492:original research
270:original research
209:
208:
18:
4416:
4376:
4375:
4203:
4104:Mexican-American
4032:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4010:
4009:
3811:
3754:Business magnate
3644:Knowledge worker
3529:
3528:
3417:dual or multiple
3380:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3321:Social exclusion
3316:Social cleansing
3230:
3180:
3179:
3169:Economic classes
3130:
3123:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3039:Graduate diploma
2956:Higher doctorate
2946:
2945:
2873:
2872:
2812:Associate degree
2799:
2798:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2639:Junior positions
2532:Non-tenure track
2521:Professor (full)
2478:Ranks and titles
2454:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2369:. 26 August 2021
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:. 22 August 2008
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:on 17 April 2008
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2134:(2/3): 156–177.
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1961:"Esplora i dati"
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1565:Scholarly method
1435:The Wizard of Oz
1387:Annalise Keating
1262:Vladimir Nabokov
990:
986:
982:purchasing power
975:Shanghai-ranking
971:purchasing power
913:
904:
898:
892:
801:
749:
742:
735:
551:
550:
541:Around the world
501:in their fields;
357:
345:
341:
332:
286:graduate schools
124:Activity sectors
79:
72:
68:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4356:
4305:
4193:
4165:
4132:
4116:Underprivileged
4058:
4017:
4016:
3992:
3922:
3879:
3839:
3821:
3740:
3658:
3618:
3520:
3475:
3374:
3373:
3357:
3336:Social position
3326:Social mobility
3224:
3174:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3104:
3095:
3078:Honorary degree
3066:
3062:Terminal degree
3024:Magister degree
3009:External degree
2991:
2985:
2933:
2909:
2886:Master's degree
2858:
2834:
2788:
2786:academic degree
2782:
2752:
2747:
2743:Teaching fellow
2704:Head of college
2670:Other positions
2665:
2656:Research fellow
2634:
2616:Research fellow
2583:Senior lecturer
2554:
2492:
2461:
2458:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1527:
1487:
1462:Professor Frink
1378:The Paper Chase
1326:counterpart, a
1242:Sherlock Holmes
1193:
1186:
1174:northern Europe
1165:
1035:United Kingdom
1002:Full professor
966:
931:
925:
876:
870:
858:
849:
820:
795:
785:
769:higher learning
753:
724:
549:
543:
448:
390:, the title of
372:
343:
306:
298:vice-chancellor
296:, principal or
188:
176:
174:
166:terminal degree
158:doctoral degree
154:Master's degree
150:
125:
105:
104:Occupation type
85:
82:Albert Einstein
63:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4409:Professorships
4406:
4401:
4399:Academic ranks
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Ottoman Empire
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Ancient Greece
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:United Kingdom
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4189:Home-ownership
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4044:American Dream
4041:
4035:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3957:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Migrant worker
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3372:By demographic
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3352:Status Anxiety
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Ranked society
3303:
3298:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Class conflict
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3231: topics
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3205:Mudsill theory
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3048:Higher diploma
3045:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Artist diploma
3001:
2995:
2993:
2992:classification
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2854:Honours degree
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:Vice-principal
2728:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:Research track
2600:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2413:
2401:
2387:
2386:External links
2384:
2381:
2380:
2354:
2328:
2298:
2276:
2254:
2228:
2202:
2174:
2145:
2114:
2102:
2074:
2052:
2027:
2015:World Salaries
2002:
1977:
1952:
1925:
1908:
1886:
1860:
1835:
1813:
1791:
1747:
1722:
1709:
1680:
1657:
1635:
1609:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1515:Punch and Judy
1486:
1483:
1440:The Nutcracker
1322:played Plum's
1185:
1182:
1170:United Kingdom
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:United States
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
965:
964:Table of wages
962:
942:academic ranks
924:
921:
869:
866:
862:World Salaries
857:
854:
848:
845:
819:
816:
784:
781:
755:
754:
752:
751:
744:
737:
729:
726:
725:
723:
722:
717:
715:United Kingdom
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
595:Czech Republic
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
561:
558:
557:
545:Main article:
542:
539:
534:
533:
522:
519:
516:
509:
502:
488:
473:
447:
444:
371:
368:
305:
302:
251:full professor
247:academic ranks
207:
206:
189:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
169:
168:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
126:
123:
120:
119:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
84:as a professor
80:
50:
39:12 August 2024
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4421:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4301:United States
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:Other regions
4200:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:United States
4024:
4020:
4011:
4007:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:Socioeconomic
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Social stigma
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Social orphan
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:Nouveau riche
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Class traitor
3261:
3259:
3258:Class society
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Gilbert model
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Diplom degree
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:Undergraduate
2791:
2787:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:Endowed Chair
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Professorship
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2426:at Wiktionary
2425:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2286:
2280:
2264:
2258:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2217:
2216:The A.V. Club
2213:
2206:
2191:
2190:
2189:The A.V. Club
2185:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2063:. Sofokles.nl
2062:
2056:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1896:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1823:
1817:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1669:. Tom Hartley
1668:
1661:
1645:
1639:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1465:character on
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:John Houseman
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1355:the Professor
1351:
1350:
1349:Indiana Jones
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Indiana Jones
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:Henry Higgins
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1256:mad scientist
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:absent-minded
1198:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1178:United States
1175:
1171:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
991:
985:
983:
978:
976:
972:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
923:United States
920:
917:
912:
906:
903:
897:
891:
886:
882:
875:
865:
863:
853:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
815:
813:
809:
799:
794:
789:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
730:
728:
727:
721:
720:United States
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
556:
553:
552:
548:
538:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:peer reviewed
493:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
466:
465:
460:
456:
455:Toni Morrison
452:
443:
441:
439:
433:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:United States
381:
377:
367:
365:
361:
356:
355:
349:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
315:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:undergraduate
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
234:derives from
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
184:
181:
178:
170:
167:
163:
160:(e.g., PhD),
159:
155:
152:
146:
142:
138:
133:
130:
127:
121:
118:
114:
110:
107:
101:
97:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
67:
65:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
4352:Soviet Union
4327:Ancient Rome
4184:Homelessness
4109:Upper Middle
3981: /
3962: /
3953: /
3918:Working poor
3814:
3801:Robber baron
3648:
3624:Intellectual
3614:Royal family
3578:Ancient Rome
3432:second-class
3350:
3293:
3292: /
3287:
3283:High society
3190:Elite theory
3167:
3160:
3153:
3140:Social class
3083:
2966:Habilitation
2949:Postdoctoral
2868:Postgraduate
2726:Head teacher
2721:Schoolmaster
2710:Privatdozent
2708:
2699:Habilitation
2686:
2625:
2596:
2503:Tenure track
2488:Tenure track
2482:
2422:
2412:at Wikiquote
2371:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2341:the Guardian
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:the original
2310:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2242:The Atlantic
2241:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1941:(in Italian)
1938:
1928:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1872:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1794:
1767:
1763:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1671:. Retrieved
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1560:Habilitation
1552:
1541:
1488:
1476:
1468:The Simpsons
1466:
1460:
1454:
1446:The Prestige
1444:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1416:
1405:
1376:
1362:
1347:
1340:archeologist
1332:
1328:psychologist
1313:
1293:Harry Potter
1291:
1285:
1274:protagonists
1260:
1245:
1227:
1226:in the film
1221:Bond villain
1214:
1204:
1194:
1166:
1105:Switzerland
1091:Netherlands
979:
967:
958:tenure-track
953:
949:
945:
932:
907:
877:
861:
859:
856:Saudi Arabia
850:
821:
805:
765:universities
758:
695:South Africa
535:
526:examinations
463:
436:
434:
428:
423:
417:
411:
409:
400:universities
391:
379:
376:Commonwealth
373:
359:
321:
319:
282:professional
278:postgraduate
267:
254:
250:
244:
231:
224:universities
215:
211:
210:
187:Related jobs
140:Competencies
66:
64:
38:
29:This is the
23:
4271:New Zealand
3988:Untouchable
3913:Proletariat
3903:Pea-pickers
3853:Bourgeoisie
3541:Aristocracy
3427:naturalized
3422:native-born
3043:certificate
3029:Microdegree
2990:No dominant
2895:certificate
1702:29 November
1673:28 November
1650:28 November
1593:"Professor"
1499:Soupy Sales
1495:Irwin Corey
1473:C. S. Lewis
1427:Professor X
1399:legal drama
1393:) from the
1391:Viola Davis
1389:(played by
1199:, are shy,
890:quinquenios
796: [
665:New Zealand
660:Netherlands
475:Presenting
370:Description
164:, or other
135:Description
4393:Categories
4261:Luxembourg
4151:Inequality
3816:Superclass
3607:Hereditary
3583:Post-Roman
3574:Patrician
3444:adolescent
3268:Classicide
3019:Licentiate
2784:Levels of
2688:Agrégation
2677:Chancellor
2545:Instructor
2398:Professors
2247:2 November
1828:4 December
1770:: 100365.
1571:References
1451:stage name
1344:adventurer
1306:McGonagall
1302:Dumbledore
1197:stereotype
1184:In fiction
837:ETH Zurich
812:consulting
532:defenses).
511:Mentoring
504:Providing
348:agent noun
330:professeur
326:Old French
226:and other
204:researcher
175:employment
90:Occupation
4286:Sri Lanka
4179:Education
4146:Household
4039:Affluence
3974:Rat tribe
3936:Ant tribe
3908:Precariat
3893:Lazzaroni
3835:Bohemians
3796:Overclass
3791:Old money
3727:Spartiate
3702:Kshatriya
3692:Hashashin
3649:Professor
3590:Political
3563:Oligarchy
3553:Hanseaten
3471:Stateless
3451:Convicted
3383:By status
3346:Subaltern
3278:Euthenics
3210:New class
3084:Ad eundem
3055:/
3041:/
2924:Doctorate
2893:/
2828:/
2824:/
2626:Professor
2597:Professor
2423:professor
2410:Professor
2373:29 August
2347:29 August
2291:16 August
2269:16 August
2140:0029-5973
2067:16 August
2020:11 August
1995:9 January
1970:9 January
1945:9 January
1901:16 August
1806:16 August
1786:1747-938X
1740:11 August
1628:6 October
1623:Maclean's
1519:Professor
1511:puppeteer
1491:comedians
1418:The Chair
1369:castaways
1290:. In the
1287:Pygmalion
1238:archenemy
1114:€101,493
1030:€103,666
954:professor
570:Australia
565:Argentina
530:viva voce
468:Managing
440:professor
392:professor
380:professor
360:professor
354:profiteri
339:professor
322:professor
320:The term
304:Etymology
294:president
255:professor
232:professor
212:Professor
180:Academics
173:Fields of
129:Academics
109:Education
98:Professor
70:Professor
4378:Category
4310:Historic
4231:Colombia
4221:Cambodia
4156:Personal
4054:Mobility
3983:Freedman
3969:Plebeian
3955:Prisoner
3941:Commoner
3827:Creative
3808:Seigneur
3774:Nobility
3732:Vanniyar
3717:Pendekar
3677:Cossacks
3311:Snobbery
3183:Theories
3071:Unearned
2578:Lecturer
2550:Lecturer
2466:Overview
2321:9 August
2095:12 April
1939:euronews
1554:Emeritus
1525:See also
1503:pianists
1361:series,
1298:Hogwarts
1284:'s play
1247:Futurama
1156:€45,113
1153:€37,500
1150:€34,947
1142:€42,357
1139:€35,783
1136:€30,005
1128:€42,535
1125:€37,429
1122:€32,540
1119:Belgium
1111:€89,951
1108:€78,396
1100:€50,847
1097:€42,062
1094:€34,671
1086:€38,247
1083:€30,088
1080:€24,686
1072:€47,894
1069:€42,124
1066:€33,182
1063:Germany
1058:€84,894
1055:€45,235
1052:€39,855
1044:€60,478
1041:€44,952
1038:€36,436
1027:€68,429
1024:€59,310
1016:€77,061
1013:€52,367
1010:€46,475
993:Country
938:academia
916:prestige
911:sexenios
902:sexenios
896:sexenios
885:trienios
777:academia
773:scholars
761:colleges
710:Thailand
690:Slovakia
675:Portugal
655:Malaysia
590:Colombia
499:journals
481:seminars
477:lectures
470:teaching
438:honorary
404:emeritus
314:Socrates
222:rank at
220:academic
218:) is an
196:lecturer
117:teaching
113:research
35:reviewed
4281:Romania
4276:Nigeria
4161:Poverty
4064:Classes
4049:History
3960:Peasant
3946:Outcast
3885:Working
3865:Burgher
3722:Samurai
3712:Ocēlōtl
3672:Chhetri
3664:Warrior
3654:Scholar
3568:Russian
3558:Magnate
3546:Aristoi
3525:By type
3412:Citizen
3405:refugee
3301:Poverty
3295:Parvenu
3229:Related
3200:Marxian
3162:Stratum
3057:diploma
2917:level 8
2879:level 7
2842:level 6
2805:level 5
2473:Faculty
1602:28 July
1507:saloons
1429:in the
1402:mystery
1383:epitome
1270:Cornell
1266:English
1224:Blofeld
1147:Norway
1133:Sweden
1077:France
881:Spanish
625:Hungary
620:Germany
610:Finland
600:Denmark
485:profess
240:experts
192:Teacher
4236:France
4216:Belize
4211:Africa
4138:Income
4094:Middle
4087:Gentry
3951:Outlaw
3858:Petite
3845:Middle
3779:Landed
3764:Gentry
3697:Knight
3637:Priest
3632:Clergy
3595:Family
3533:Ruling
3482:collar
3439:Clique
3155:Status
3086:degree
3014:Laurea
2981:Fellow
2976:Tenure
2971:Docent
2694:Docent
2588:Reader
2287:. IMDb
2265:. IMDb
2221:21 May
2195:21 May
2167:21 May
2138:
2045:1 July
1879:30 May
1853:30 May
1784:
1549:(D.D.)
1397:(ABC)
1359:sitcom
1315:Cluedo
783:Salary
705:Sweden
685:Serbia
680:Russia
670:Norway
645:Jordan
635:Israel
615:France
580:Canada
575:Brazil
429:reader
388:Canada
200:reader
4332:Aztec
4291:Tibet
4266:Nepal
4256:Italy
4246:India
4241:Haiti
4226:China
4126:Under
4121:Lower
4099:Black
4082:Donor
4077:Black
4072:Upper
3979:Slave
3928:Under
3784:Petty
3759:Elite
3746:Upper
3687:Harii
3682:Cuāuh
3516:White
3496:Green
3395:Alien
3238:Caste
2942:Other
2915:ISCED
2877:ISCED
2840:ISCED
2803:ISCED
2128:Numen
2090:(PDF)
1965:USTAT
1920:(PDF)
1760:(PDF)
1513:of a
1431:X-Men
1410:is a
1310:Snape
952:, or
914:as a
868:Spain
847:Italy
800:]
759:Many
700:Spain
650:Kenya
640:Italy
630:India
605:Egypt
585:China
446:Tasks
402:. An
350:from
335:Latin
280:, or
236:Latin
216:Prof.
95:Names
4251:Iran
3964:Serf
3769:Lord
3707:Nair
3600:List
3511:Pink
3501:Grey
3491:Blue
3480:By "
2375:2021
2349:2021
2323:2009
2311:Time
2293:2013
2271:2013
2249:2022
2223:2016
2197:2016
2169:2016
2136:ISSN
2097:2008
2069:2013
2047:2022
2022:2023
1997:2022
1972:2022
1947:2022
1903:2013
1881:2022
1855:2022
1830:2018
1808:2013
1782:ISSN
1742:2023
1704:2017
1675:2017
1652:2017
1630:2016
1604:2007
1497:and
1324:film
1308:and
1250:has
763:and
479:and
416:and
386:and
261:and
3506:New
2628:or
2590:or
2158:ABC
1772:doi
1505:in
1475:'s
1412:law
1268:at
1213:of
1209:or
984:).
977:).
944:of
829:CHF
775:in
528:or
494:in
487:");
396:PhD
37:on
4395::
2365:.
2339:.
2309:.
2240:.
2214:.
2186:.
2160:.
2156:.
2132:59
2130:.
2126:.
2038:.
2013:.
1988:.
1963:.
1937:.
1871:.
1846:.
1780:.
1768:31
1766:.
1762:.
1733:.
1694:.
1683:^
1621:.
1595:.
1579:^
1481:.
1371:.
1304:,
1258:.
1236:,
948:,
883::
843:.
798:de
276:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
156:,
115:,
111:,
33:,
3734:/
3484:"
3129:e
3122:t
3115:v
2777:e
2770:t
2763:v
2453:e
2446:t
2439:v
2377:.
2351:.
2325:.
2295:.
2273:.
2251:.
2225:.
2199:.
2171:.
2142:.
2112:.
2099:.
2071:.
2049:.
2024:.
1999:.
1974:.
1949:.
1922:.
1905:.
1883:.
1857:.
1832:.
1810:.
1788:.
1774::
1744:.
1706:.
1677:.
1654:.
1632:.
1606:.
1420:.
1342:-
1192:.
879:(
824:€
748:e
741:t
734:v
344:'
62:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.