319:, by the end of the first week of the war alone, some 10,000 people, including 2,000 combatants, had been killed, and 16,000 wounded—a civilian-combatant fatality ratio of 4:1. Lebanese government sources later estimated that by the end of the siege of Beirut, a total of about 18,000 had been killed, an estimated 85% of whom were civilians. This gives a civilian to military casualty ratio of about 6:1.
569:(IAF) practice of attacking militants even when they had deliberately located themselves in densely populated areas. The ratio improved to 1:28 ratio in late 2005, meaning one civilian killed for every 28 combatants. It lowered, however, to 1:10 in 2006. In 2007, the ratio was at its lowest ever, more than 1:30. Figures showing an improvement from 1:1 in 2002 to 1:30 in 2008 were also cited by
685:
IDF soldiers and 261 Israeli civilians were injured. The Gaza Health
Ministry, UN and some human rights groups reported that 69–75% of the Palestinian casualties were civilians; Israeli officials estimated that around 50% of those killed were civilians., giving Israeli forces a ratio between 1:1 and 3:1 during the conflict.
855:. And according to US officials only 30%-35% of Hamas has been destroyed, since at the 7th of October Hamas had 20,000 police forces and 30,000 armed forces which, a total of 50,000. 30% would make the number of militants dead at a minimum of 15,000, which is a ratio of 2.4:1 civilian to combatant deaths.
684:
According to the main estimates between 2,125 and 2,310 Gazans were killed and between 10,626 and 10,895 were wounded (including 3,374 children, of whom over 1,000 were left permanently disabled). 66 Israeli soldiers, 5 Israeli civilians (including one child) and one Thai civilian were killed and 469
642:
on the other hand. The final IDF report identified 709 militants out of a total of 1,171 Gaza fatalities, with another 162 whose status could not be confirmed (300 were ID'd as civilians). B'Tselem say 1,391 Palestinians were killed, of whom 759 of them did not take part in the hostilities while 350
933:
Geneva and
Helsinki, Geneva International Peace Research Institute, IPB and Peace Union of Finland, p. 5, which states: "Of the human victims in the First World War only 5% were civilians, in the Second World War already 50%, in Vietnam War between 50 - 90 % and according to some information in
495:
finds non-militant casualty rates started high but declined steeply over time, from about 60% (3 out of 5) in 2004–2007 to less than 2% (1 out of 50) in 2012. In 2011, the study put the overall non-militant casualty rate since 2004 at 15–16%, or a 1:5 ratio, out of a total of between 1,908 and 3,225
1834:
379:
Estimates for the number of casualties caused by the bombing vary widely depending on the source. NATO unofficially claimed a toll of 5,000 enemy combatants killed by the bombardment; the
Yugoslav government, on the other hand, gave a figure of 638 of its security forces killed in Kosovo. Estimates
254:
side is around 49,000 dead and missing (40,000 dead, 9,000 missing). The estimated total Korean war military dead is around 793,000 deaths. The civilian-combatant death ratio in the war is approximately 3:1 or 75%. One source estimates that 20% of the total population of North Korea perished in the
826:
which killed 1,140 Israelis, of which 695 were
Israeli civilians, as well as 373 soldiers from various military positions and 71 foreign civilians, a ratio of 2:1 between civilians and militant forces. During the invasion of the Gaza Strip, the IDF reported around 300 deaths of soldiers, while the
490:
suggested in 2009 that drone strikes may kill "10 or so civilians" for every militant killed, which would represent a civilian to combatant casualty ratio of 10:1. Byman argues that civilian killings constitute a humanitarian tragedy and create dangerous political problems, including damage to the
326:
between 1,000 and 3,000 civilians were killed in the southern campaign. He states that an additional 4,000 to 5,000 civilians died from all actions of all sides during the siege of Beirut, and that some 2,000 Syrian soldiers were killed during the
Lebanon campaign and a further 2,400 PLO guerillas
212:
was the most lethal war in world history, with some 70 million killed in six years. The civilian to combatant fatality ratio in World War II lies somewhere between 3:2 and 2:1, or from 60% to 67%. The high ratio of civilian casualties in this war was due in part to the increasing effectiveness and
387:
If the NATO figures are to be believed, the bombings achieved a civilian to combatant kill ratio of about 1:10, on the
Yugoslav government's figures, conversely, the ratio would be between 4:1 and 10:1. If the most conservative estimates from the sources cited above are used, the ratio was around
118:, most died from disease and hunger as an indirect result of the war. Combat deaths are generally agreed to have totaled about 250,000. According to Eckhardt, these included 125,000 civilian deaths and 125,000 combatant deaths, creating a civilian-combatant death ratio of 1:1 among combat deaths.
650:
into the conflict concluded that while there were many individual Gaza policemen who were members of militant groups, the Gaza police forces were a civilian police force and "cannot be said to have been taking a direct part in hostilities and thus did not lose their civilian immunity from direct
349:
are 3,000 fighters and 13,000 civilians, for a ratio of 4.3:1. The combined ratio for both wars is 7.6:1. Casualty numbers for the conflict are notoriously unreliable. The estimates of the civilian casualties during the First
Chechen war range from 20,000 to 100,000, with remaining numbers being
536:
states that "Since
September 2000, 5,848 people have been killed in the conflict - 4,228 have been Palestinians, 1024 were Israelis and 63 were foreigners. This report analyses the key trends of these fatalities". The report found that amongst those killed in that period, 69% of Israelis were
830:
As of July 2024, several reports from news agencies and non-governmental organizations cite a number of more than 40,000 people killed by Israel in Gaza since
October 7th 2023, in addition to an estimated 10,000 bodies missing under the rubble. Among these numbers, 16,000 are estimated to be
680:
have been made available by a variety of sources. Most media accounts have used figures provided by the government in Gaza or non-governmental organizations. Differing methodologies have resulted in varied reports of both the overall death toll and the civilian casualty ratio.
2113:
69:, repeated in academic publications as recently as 2014. These claims, though widely believed and correct regarding some wars, do not hold up as a generalization across the overwhelming majority of wars, particularly in the case of wars such as those in
249:
is 2,730,000. The total estimated North Korean combatant deaths is 213,000 and the estimated
Chinese combatant deaths is over 400,000. In addition to this the Republic of Korea combatant deaths is around 134,000 dead and the combatant deaths for the
327:
were also killed. Of these, 1,000 PLO guerrillas were killed during the siege. According to Gabriel the ratio of civilian deaths to combatants during the siege was about 6 to 1 but this ratio includes civilian deaths from all actions of all sides.
851:
827:
Hamas al Qassam Brigade estimated the number around 4,000 to 5,000 deaths of Israeli soldiers, Following the attack, Israel started extensive aerial bombardment of the Gaza Strip followed by a large-scale ground invasion beginning on the 27th.
140:, but estimates 8.6 million military killed and dead and 6 million civilians killed and dead in the other warring countries. The civilian casualty ratio in this estimate would be about 42%. Most of the civilian fatalities were due to famine,
162:
or warning systems. An estimated 100,000-260,000 civilian casualties were affected by the use of chemical weapons during the conflict and tens of thousands more died from the effects of such weapons in the years after the conflict ended.
1826:
104:
On the average, half of the deaths caused by war happened to civilians, only some of whom were killed by famine associated with war...The civilian percentage share of war-related deaths remained at about 50% from century to century. (p.
634:. All have noted that the ratio differs significantly depending on which figures are used regarding the total number of casualties and their identity. The main sets of figures are those published by the IDF, essentially corroborated by
478:
is notoriously difficult to quantify. In 2010, the U.S. itself put the number of civilians killed from drone strikes in the last two years at no more than 20 to 30, a total that is far too low according to a spokesman for the
671:
1995:
688:
In March 2015, OCHA reported that 2,220 Palestinians had been killed in the conflict, of whom 1,492 were civilians (551 children and 299 women), 605 militants and 123 of unknown status, giving Israeli forces a ratio of 3:1.
2117:
2442:
275:
killed at 1.1 million—estimates which approximate those of a number of other sources. This would give a civilian-combatant fatality ratio of approximately 2:1, or 67%. These figures do not include civilians killed in
350:
similarly unreliable. The tactics employed by Russian forces in both wars were heavily criticized by human rights groups, which accused them of indiscriminate bombing and shelling of civilian areas and other crimes.
136:, along with an estimated 10 million non-combatants, including 6.6 million civilians. The civilian casualty ratio in this estimate would be about 59%. Boris Urlanis notes a lack of data on civilian losses in the
407:
took place), four civilians died, a civilian to combatant casualty ratio of 4:1. Oren cites this figure as evidence that "even the most moral army can make mistakes, especially in dense urban warfare".
93:'s 1991 monograph in which the author states "In the decade of the 1980s, the proportion of civilian deaths jumped to 74 percent of the total and in 1990 it appears to have been close to 90 percent."
54:, casualties inflicted in one aspect or arena of a conflict or to casualties in the conflict as a whole. Casualties usually refer to both dead and injured. In some calculations, deaths resulting from
312:, where the PLO had retreated. The bombardment eventually came to an end with an internationally brokered settlement in which the PLO forces were given safe passage to evacuate the country.
533:
2443:
https://www.newarab.com/news/only-30-35-hamas-fighters-killed-gaza-war-report#:~:text=%22Although%20Hamas'%20communications%20and%20military,indicates%2C%22%20the%20report%20says
565:
that the ratio between military targets and civilians was 1:1 in 2002–2003, when half the casualties in air assaults on the Gaza Strip were civilians. He attributed this to an
643:
did take part in the hostilities, 248 were police officers who were killed inside police stations, and it is not known if 32 who were killed did take part in the hostilities.
417:
1881:
1469:
292:) would give a civilian-combatant fatality ratio of approximately 1:3, or 25%. Using the lowest estimate of Vietnamese military deaths, 400,000, the ratio is about 1:1.
1697:
430:, as of January 2015 roughly 92,000 people had been killed in the Afghanistan war, of which over 26,000 were civilians, for a civilian to combatant ratio of 1:2.5.
1586:
609:
559:, they calculated that 816 Palestinians had been killed in Gaza during the two-year period, 360 of whom were civilians. Military journalist Amos Harel wrote in
2360:
423:
148:
rather than combat action. The relatively low ratio of civilian casualties in this war is due to the fact that the front lines on the main battlefront, the
1751:
1736:
2411:
2204:
512:
calculated that 8,200–13,275 civilians were killed in Coalition airstrikes, mainly up to the end of 2017, with especially high casualty rates during the
359:
2347:
456:
from 20 March 2003 to 14 March 2013 indicate that of 174,000 casualties only 39,900 were combatants, resulting in a civilian casualty rate of 77%.
2585:
2482:
2316:
1856:
549:
reported to the Israeli Cabinet that of the 810 Palestinians killed in Gaza in 2006 and 2007, 200 were civilians (a ratio of approximately 1:3).
2547:
1807:
1204:
2566:
2505:
1506:
2276:
448:, a United Kingdom-based organization, American and Coalition forces had killed at least 28,736 combatants as well as 13,807 civilians in the
2171:
2524:
2372:
345:, 4,000 separatist fighters and 40,000 civilians are estimated to have died, giving a civilian-combatant ratio of 10:1. The numbers for the
308:
away from its northern borders. The war culminated in a seven-week-long Israeli naval, air and artillery bombardment of Lebanon's capital,
2138:
1743:
1672:
2392:
1902:
1653:
835:
has estimated for most of the conflict that around 70% of the dead are women and children; these numbers have been corroborated by the
621:
2423:
1728:
775:
Total killed referenced information from Hamas GHM. Cross-referenced information from GHM with other sources for civilian percentage
483:
2090:
1923:
2604:
2463:
1885:
817:
2612:
2593:
2574:
2555:
2532:
2513:
2490:
2471:
1306:
1212:
1178:
1153:
752:
74:
2361:
https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/144733?__cf_chl_tk=KPxZssrq4UFFGusbgijyjUR8CnwLOvi3DRvhZKAY1OI-1724263236-0.0.1.1-4052
1757:
1705:
1521:
1788:
1618:
780:
452:, indicating a civilian to combatant casualty ratio inflicted by coalition forces of 1:2. However, overall, figures by the
336:
655:
465:
305:
167:
1969:
1466:
2412:
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-death-toll-how-many-palestinians-has-israels-campaign-killed-2024-07-25/
2254:
2143:
2068:
1583:
491:
legitimacy of the Pakistani government and alienation of the Pakistani populace from America. An ongoing study by the
384:
counted approximately 500 civilians killed by the bombing; the Yugoslav government estimated between 1,200 and 5,000.
1435:
1409:
934:
Lebanon 97%. It has been appraised that in a conventional war in Europe up to 99% of the victims would be civilians."
724:
575:
journalist Yaakov Katz. However, in operations in Gaza since 2008, the ratio again dropped, as low as 3:1 during the
555:
assessed this to be an underestimation of civilian casualties. Using figures from Israeli human rights organisation
529:
2225:
805:
Uses its own intelligence reports as well as Palestinian sources and media reports to determine combatant deaths.
520:
investigation found that in the Battle of Mosul, of the >9,000 fatalities, between 42% and 60% were civilians.
1953:
823:
513:
155:
1603:
832:
948:"The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children", Report of the expert of the Secretary-General, 26 Aug 1996, p. 9.
1750:. Statistical Analysis of Casualties in the Palestinian – Israeli Conflict, September 2000 – September 2002.
576:
505:
2293:
2064:
864:
86:
284:. However, the lowest estimate of 411,000 civilians killed during the war (including civilians killed in
2060:
439:
2628:
853:
50:, or total casualties. The measurement can apply either to casualties inflicted by or to a particular
1541:
884:
840:
677:
471:
376:. The bombing lasted about 2½ months, until forcing the withdrawal of the Yugoslav army from Kosovo.
213:
lethality of strategic weapons which were used to target enemy industrial or population centers, and
1635:
1259:
225:
during World War II. A substantial number of civilians in this war were also deliberately killed by
2397:
1774:
Barak Ravid (14 January 2008). "Haaretz probe: Shin Bet count of Gaza civilian deaths is too low".
962:
654:
The civilian casualty ratio in the 2008–09 Gaza War was 83 percent according to the figures of the
77:
which are central to the claims. Some of the citations can be traced back to a 1991 monograph from
65:
Starting in the 1980s, it has often been claimed that 90 percent of the victims of modern wars are
2178:
1038:
1735:. Short summary page with "Breakdown of Fatalities: September 27, 2000 through January 1, 2005."
1238:
597:
316:
203:
158:
and wind frequently carried poison gas into nearby towns where civilians did not have access to
2661:
1450:
1034:
631:
492:
404:
127:
97:
2424:"More than 40,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza, the territory's Health Ministry says"
1827:"The Israeli Army Has Dropped the Restraint in Gaza, and the Data Shows Unprecedented Killing"
1740:
2428:
2377:
2373:"Women and children are the main victims of the Israel-Hamas war with 16,000 killed, UN says"
1476:
993:
904:
847:
627:
605:
593:
487:
268:
218:
1899:
1657:
1559:
166:
Germany suffered 750,000 civilian dead during and after the war due to famine caused by the
2097:
1056:
Casualties of conflict: report for the world campaign for the protection of victims of war.
1725:
1671:
Hinnant, Lori; Michael, Maggie; Abdul-Zahra, Qassim; George, Susannah (21 December 2017).
612:. He calculated civilian fatality rates for these as follows: 40%, 40%, 42%, 33% and 61%.
152:, were static for most of the war, so that civilians were able to avoid the combat zones.
8:
2087:
889:
263:
The Vietnamese government has estimated the number of Vietnamese civilians killed in the
149:
40:
2294:"Report of the detailed findings of the Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict"
2155:
588:
at the end of 2023, analysed civilian casualty rates in five Israeli aerial operations:
508:, from 2014, had led to as many as 50,000 ISIL combatant casualties by the end of 2016.
1996:"Reporters grapple with politics, erratic sources in reporting Israeli/Gaza death toll"
1935:
1454:
1421:
1374:
1196:
1059:
1017:
909:
879:
869:
571:
381:
346:
323:
115:
78:
2021:
658:. 13 Israelis were killed during the conflict, including 10 IDF soldiers (4 killed by
2632:
2608:
2589:
2570:
2551:
2528:
2509:
2486:
2467:
1431:
1405:
1378:
1302:
1208:
1174:
1149:
1114:
1021:
899:
874:
589:
566:
342:
191:
179:
90:
2393:"Gaza death toll surpasses 40,000 in grim milestone, says Hamas-run Health Ministry"
638:, the opposing belligerent in the conflict, on the one hand; and those published by
537:
civilians, while the report estimated 59% of Palestinian casualties were civilians.
1366:
1272:
1009:
998:"Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens"
672:
List of Israeli strikes and Palestinian casualties in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
647:
601:
517:
427:
373:
372:
with a bombing campaign against Yugoslav forces, who were conducting a campaign of
301:
234:
1084:
2651:
2094:
1906:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1732:
1622:
1616:"The Year of the Drone: An Analysis of U.S. Drone Strikes in Pakistan, 2004-2012"
1590:
1525:
1518:
1473:
1425:
1092:
1013:
453:
445:
1615:
1427:
The post-Soviet wars: rebellion, ethnic conflict, and nationhood in the Caucasus
943:
1370:
1102:
836:
747:
Defines as a civilian anyone who is not claimed by an armed group as a member.
251:
137:
20:
217:
caused by economic disruption. An estimated 2.1–3 million Indians died in the
2645:
2348:"Israel kills more than 40,000 Palestinians in Gaza, 16,456 of them children"
2306:
P.149: Palestinian Ministry of Health, quoted in A/HRC/28/80/Add.1, para. 24.
947:
659:
475:
70:
2521:
Misfortunes of War: Press and Public Reactions to Civilian Deaths in Wartime
391:
According to military historian and Israeli Ambassador to the United States
2656:
931:
Children and War: Proceedings of Symposium at Siuntio Baths, Finland, 1983.
662:), giving a civilian casualty ratio for Palestinian forces of 24% or 3:10.
392:
209:
132:
Some 7 million combatants on both sides are estimated to have died during
1957:
1939:
1900:
Majority of Palestinians Killed in Operation Cast Lead: Terror Operatives
976:
958:
639:
584:
556:
534:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
264:
226:
222:
145:
133:
51:
2114:"Statistics: Victims of the Israeli Offensive on Gaza since 8 July 2014"
1970:"Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict"
369:
246:
47:
2205:"50 days of Israel's Gaza operation, Protective Edge – by the numbers"
1857:"Hamas admits 600-700 of its men were killed in Cast Lead Israel News"
1262:, Philip Shenon, clipping from the Vietnam Center and Archive website.
2321:
1145:
1115:
Missing Millions: The human cost of the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1930
272:
230:
159:
66:
59:
44:
1350:
2601:
Uncivil Wars: International Security and the New Internal Conflicts
2544:
Wedded to the Land? Gender, Boundaries, & Nationalism in Crisis
1298:
1171:
War Made New: Weapons, Warriors, and the Making of the Modern World
997:
894:
546:
449:
285:
277:
183:
82:
2317:"Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths"
1702:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1273:"Table 6.1A - Vietnam Democide Estimates Sources and Calculations"
1142:
Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Second Edition
156:
Chemical weapons were widely used by all sides during the conflict
561:
551:
509:
214:
187:
96:
A wide-ranging study of civilian war deaths from 1700 to 1987 by
114:
Although it is estimated that over 1 million people died in the
1670:
396:
309:
175:
171:
141:
55:
2061:
Annex: Palestinian Fatality Figures in the 2014 Gaza Conflict
1673:"Mosul is a graveyard: Final IS battle kills 9,000 civilians"
721:
635:
36:
2335:
1812:
1402:
Operation Peace for Galilee, The Israeli-PLO War in Lebanon
1039:"Lives and Statistics: Are 90% of War Victims Civilians?",
400:
365:
289:
281:
2140:
Operation Protective Edge: A war waged on Gaza's children,
1584:"Pakistanis protest civilian deaths in U.S. drone attacks"
2248:
2246:
1639:
480:
418:
Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
245:
The median total estimated Korean civilian deaths in the
2088:'Ministry: Death toll from Gaza offensive topped 2,310,'
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
1698:"Israeli-Palestinian Fatalities Since 2000 - Key Trends"
1357:"The 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon: the casualties".
1075:
Washington DC, World Priorities, Inc. Vol. 14, pp 22-25.
2629:"Chapter VII: The mortality of the civilian population"
610:
Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center
540:
496:
people killed in Pakistan by drone strikes since 2004.
2243:
604:(5 days in May 2023); and the first two months of the
2039:
1542:"Analysis: Lies, leaks, death tolls & statistics"
1043:, London, vol. 52, no. 3, June–July 2010, pp. 115–35.
850:, an estimated less than 1:1 ratio has been reported
424:
Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs
2255:"In Gaza, dispute over civilian vs combatant deaths"
2013:
1752:
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
1737:
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
1295:
Global Security Watch--Lebanon: A Reference Handbook
1058:
Uppsala, Department of Peace and Conflict Research,
1045:
Print edition ISSN 0039-6338. Online ISSN 1468-2699.
964:
New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era
466:
Drone attacks in Pakistan § Civilian casualties
178:
suffered civilian casualties in the millions in the
2626:
2226:"Islamic Jihad: 121 of our fighters killed in Gaza"
2196:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
1577:
1192:
1190:
444:According to a 2010 assessment by John Sloboda of
2065:The 2014 Gaza Conflict: Factual and Legal Aspects
1962:
626:Several analysts have attempted to calculate the
615:
360:Civilian casualties during Operation Allied Force
190:suffered up to 1.5 million civilians dead in the
2643:
2172:"Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza Emergency"
2156:Israeli child 'killed by rocket fired from Gaza'
2074:
1451:"Russian Federation - Human Rights Developments"
1404:, New York: Hill & Wang. 1984, p. 164, 165,
499:
1936:Operation Cast Lead, 27 Dec. '08 to 18 Jan. '09
1625:, New America Foundation. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
1315:
1241:article for a detailed breakdown of casualties.
1187:
1139:
523:
486:. At the other extreme, Daniel L. Byman of the
459:
380:for the civilian toll are similarly disparate.
109:
1782:
1726:"ICT Middleastern Conflict Statistics Project"
665:
582:Yagil Levy, an Israeli sociologist writing in
474:conducted during 2004 and 2018 as part of the
2627:Dumas, Samuel; Vedel-Petersen, K. O. (1923).
2288:
2286:
2277:"Hamas flexes muscles with Gaza drone flight"
1975:. London: United Nations Human Rights Council
1809:Fragmented Lives: Humanitarian Overview, 2014
1231:
2253:Laub, Karin; AlHou, Yousur (8 August 2014).
2144:Defence for Children International-Palestine
1882:"Hamas says 300 fighters killed in Gaza war"
1073:World Military and Social Expenditures 1991.
2458:Anstrom, Jan; Duyvesteyn, Isabelle (2004):
2220:
2218:
2022:"Caution needed with Gaza casualty figures"
1803:
1801:
1773:
1690:
1328:
1085:Eckhardt, W. "Civilian deaths in wartime."
929:Kahnert, M., D. Pitt, et al., Eds. (1983).
2283:
1949:
1947:
1918:Ben-Dror Yemini's article translated from
1490:
1481:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1244:
1103:Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls
528:Estimates of civilian casualties from the
2252:
1719:
1054:Ahlstrom, C. and K.-A. Nordquist (1991).
2215:
1884:. Yahoo News. 2010-11-02. Archived from
1798:
1593:, Saeed Shah, mcclatchy.com, 2010-12-10.
1560:"The War in Iraq: 10 years and counting"
1292:
1286:
1168:
1105:. Users.erols.com. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
966:, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 107.
811:
2202:
2166:
2164:
2108:
2106:
1944:
1924:How Many Civilians Were Killed in Gaza?
1789:"Pinpoint attacks on Gaza more precise"
1636:"Military: 50,000 ISIS fighters killed"
1535:
1533:
1444:
1420:
1385:
2644:
2019:
1654:"US-led Coalition in Iraq & Syria"
1253:
622:Casualties of the Gaza War (2008–2009)
1993:
1954:Fatalities during Operation Cast Lead
1837:from the original on 29 February 2024
1117:. Hist.umn.edu. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
992:
353:
2161:
2103:
1824:
1818:
1767:
1664:
1539:
1530:
846:On the other hand, according to the
541:Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip
337:Casualties of the Second Chechen War
229:as a result of genocide such as the
1140:D. Hank Ellison (August 24, 2007).
656:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights
304:with the stated aim of driving the
295:
13:
2620:
2177:. 4 September 2014. Archived from
2069:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2020:Reuben, Anthony (11 August 2014).
1347:Washington Post, November 16, 1984
818:Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war
630:'s civilian casualty ratio in the
411:
267:at two million, and the number of
89:as casualties. Other authors cite
14:
2673:
2485:, China Books & Periodicals,
2631:. In Westergaard, Harald (ed.).
2563:Encyclopedia Of The Palestinians
2502:Survey of Arab-Israeli Relations
1519:"Afghan Civilians | Costs of War
470:The civilian casualty ratio for
2588:, Brookings Institution Press,
2436:
2416:
2405:
2385:
2365:
2354:
2340:
2329:
2309:
2300:
2279:. Al Arabiya. 14 December 2014.
2269:
2203:Hartman, Ben (28 August 2014).
2149:
2132:
1987:
1929:
1912:
1892:
1874:
1849:
1825:Levy, Yagil (9 December 2023).
1646:
1628:
1609:
1596:
1552:
1512:
1499:
1460:
1414:
1341:
1265:
1218:
1162:
1133:
1130:, pp. 209 and 268, rounded off.
1120:
1108:
1096:
330:
197:
2257:. Yahoo News. Associated Press
2116:. Pchrgaza.org. Archived from
1507:UN report a victory for terror
1467:Russian Federation 2001 Report
1078:
1065:
1048:
1028:
986:
970:
952:
937:
923:
616:Israel in the 2008–09 Gaza War
472:U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan
258:
121:
1:
2451:
1994:Farhi, Paul (4 August 2014).
979:, Moises Samam, Gino Strada.
824:Hamas led an attack on Israel
676:Reports of casualties in the
532:differ. A 2007 report by the
506:War against the Islamic State
500:War against the Islamic state
403:in 1999 (the period in which
240:
2634:Losses of Life Caused by War
2607:, Lynne Rienner Publishers,
2460:Rethinking the Nature of War
1704:. 2007-08-31. Archived from
1173:. Gotham. pp. 245–250.
1169:Max Boot (August 16, 2007).
1014:10.1080/13621025.2014.886440
865:Non-combatant Casualty Value
592:(~1 week in November 2012);
530:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
524:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
460:US drone strikes in Pakistan
110:Mexican Revolution (1910–20)
87:internally displaced persons
7:
2580:Sadowski, Yahya M. (1998):
1746:September 28, 2007, at the
1540:Katz, Yaakov (2010-10-29).
1293:Sorenson, David S. (2010).
858:
833:Palestinian Health Ministry
666:Israel in the 2014 Gaza war
433:
208:According to most sources,
10:
2678:
2637:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2146:, Ramallah, 16 April 2015.
1909:," IDF Research Department
1604:Do Targeted Killings Work?
1472:November 14, 2007, at the
1430:. NYU Press. p. 100.
1371:10.1177/030639688302400404
1365:(4): 340–343. 1983-04-01.
1237:Sadowski, p. 134. See the
815:
669:
619:
608:, based on reports of the
463:
440:Casualties of the Iraq War
437:
415:
357:
334:
201:
125:
16:Measure of armed conflicts
2550:, Duke University Press,
2479:The Korean War: 1945-1953
1509:, Boston Globe 24-09-2009
885:Fourth generation warfare
841:World Health Organization
678:2014 Israel-Gaza conflict
577:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
2599:Snow, Donald M. (1996):
2582:The Myth of Global Chaos
2561:Mattar, Philip: (2005):
2519:Larson, Eric V. (2007):
2336:https://www.alqassam.ps/
1621:August 30, 2011, at the
1260:"20 Years After Victory"
1201:Warfare in World History
917:
596:(~10 days in May 2021);
33:civilian-combatant ratio
1741:"An Engineered Tragedy"
1239:World War II casualties
600:(3 days, August 2022);
504:The global coalition's
317:International Red Cross
204:World War II casualties
25:civilian casualty ratio
1606:, Brookings 14-07-2009
1275:. University of Hawaii
1071:Sivard, R. L. (1991).
983:, Charta, 2005, p. 38.
651:attack as civilians".
493:New America Foundation
405:Operation Allied Force
302:Israel invaded Lebanon
128:World War I casualties
107:
2429:Associated Press News
2378:Associated Press News
1731:July 3, 2007, at the
1477:Amnesty International
1400:Gabriel, Richard, A,
905:Proportionality (law)
848:Israel Defense Forces
822:In October 7th 2023,
812:2023 Israel–Hamas war
628:Israel Defense Forces
606:2023 Israel-Hamas war
594:Guardian of the Walls
488:Brookings Institution
219:Bengal famine of 1943
102:
2477:Deane, Hugh (1999):
2184:on 13 September 2014
1148:. pp. 567–570.
29:civilian death ratio
2325:. 15 December 2023.
2230:The Times of Israel
2000:The Washington Post
1197:Neiberg, Michael S.
1002:Citizenship Studies
890:Loss exchange ratio
41:civilian casualties
2381:. 20 January 2024.
2093:2015-01-11 at the
1905:2011-05-20 at the
1795:, 30 December 2007
1760:2015-03-05 at the
1754:. Article is here
1642:. 9 December 2016.
1589:2010-12-12 at the
1546:The Jerusalem Post
1524:2013-06-16 at the
1455:Human Rights Watch
1422:Zürcher, Christoph
1301:. pp. 22–23.
1226:War and Population
1128:War and Population
1060:Uppsala University
910:Military necessity
880:Asymmetric warfare
870:Casualty recording
572:The Jerusalem Post
399:soldier killed by
382:Human Rights Watch
368:intervened in the
354:NATO in Yugoslavia
347:Second Chechen War
324:Richard A. Gabriel
116:Mexican Revolution
79:Uppsala University
2613:978-1-55587-655-5
2594:978-0-8157-7664-2
2575:978-0-8160-5764-1
2569:, Facts on File,
2556:978-0-8223-2545-1
2533:978-0-8330-3897-5
2514:978-1-85743-261-9
2491:978-0-8351-2644-1
2472:978-0-415-35461-5
2432:. 15 August 2024.
2098:Ma'an News Agency
1602:Daniel L. Byman,
1424:(November 2007).
1308:978-0-313-36578-2
1213:978-0-415-22954-8
1180:978-1-5924-0315-8
1155:978-0-8493-1434-6
1087:Security Dialogue
900:Distinction (law)
875:Collateral damage
809:
808:
799:45% of identified
710:Percent civilians
590:Pillar of Defense
567:Israeli Air Force
422:According to the
343:First Chechen War
315:According to the
192:Armenian genocide
180:Russian Civil War
91:Ruth Leger Sivard
71:former Yugoslavia
2669:
2638:
2538:Layoun, Mary N.
2446:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2101:
2085:
2072:
2058:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1822:
1816:
1805:
1796:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1656:. Archived from
1650:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1626:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1528:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1418:
1412:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1359:Race & Class
1354:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1224:Urlanis, Boris,
1222:
1216:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1137:
1131:
1126:Urlanis, Boris,
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1032:
1026:
1025:
990:
984:
974:
968:
956:
950:
941:
935:
927:
797:36% of the total
692:
691:
648:Goldstone Report
632:2008–09 Gaza War
602:Shield and Arrow
545:The head of the
518:Associated Press
428:Brown University
374:ethnic cleansing
296:1982 Lebanon War
235:ethnic cleansing
182:and invasion of
98:William Eckhardt
2677:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2621:Further reading
2618:
2496:Hartley, Cathy
2454:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2120:on 26 June 2015
2112:
2111:
2104:
2100:3 January 2015.
2095:Wayback Machine
2086:
2075:
2059:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1952:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1907:Wayback Machine
1897:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1823:
1819:
1806:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1772:
1768:
1762:Wayback Machine
1748:Wayback Machine
1739:. Full report:
1733:Wayback Machine
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1623:Wayback Machine
1614:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1591:Wayback Machine
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1564:Iraq Body Count
1558:
1557:
1553:
1538:
1531:
1526:Wayback Machine
1517:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1474:Wayback Machine
1465:
1461:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1419:
1415:
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1386:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1333:
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1320:
1316:
1309:
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1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
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1223:
1219:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1049:
1033:
1029:
991:
987:
975:
971:
957:
953:
942:
938:
928:
924:
920:
861:
820:
814:
798:
674:
668:
624:
618:
543:
526:
514:Battle of Mosul
502:
468:
462:
454:Iraq Body Count
446:Iraq Body Count
442:
436:
420:
414:
412:Afghanistan War
362:
356:
339:
333:
298:
261:
243:
206:
200:
168:Allied blockade
130:
124:
112:
81:which includes
35:, etc.) is the
21:armed conflicts
17:
12:
11:
5:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2640:
2639:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2597:
2578:
2559:
2536:
2527:, RAND Corp.,
2517:
2494:
2475:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2415:
2404:
2384:
2364:
2353:
2339:
2328:
2308:
2299:
2282:
2268:
2242:
2214:
2209:Jerusalem Post
2195:
2160:
2148:
2131:
2102:
2073:
2071:, 14 June 2015
2038:
2012:
1986:
1961:
1943:
1928:
1911:
1891:
1888:on 2010-11-06.
1873:
1848:
1817:
1797:
1791:. Amos Harel,
1781:
1766:
1718:
1689:
1663:
1660:on 2024-05-11.
1645:
1627:
1608:
1595:
1576:
1551:
1529:
1511:
1505:Michael Oren,
1498:
1496:Larson, p. 65.
1489:
1487:Larson, p. 71.
1480:
1459:
1443:
1436:
1413:
1384:
1349:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1307:
1285:
1264:
1252:
1250:Deane, p. 149.
1243:
1230:
1217:
1186:
1179:
1161:
1154:
1132:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1077:
1064:
1047:
1027:
985:
969:
951:
936:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:
912:
907:
902:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
860:
857:
837:United Nations
831:children. The
816:Main article:
813:
810:
807:
806:
803:
800:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:3 January 2015
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
667:
664:
617:
614:
542:
539:
525:
522:
501:
498:
464:Main article:
461:
458:
435:
432:
413:
410:
355:
352:
332:
329:
297:
294:
260:
257:
252:United Nations
242:
239:
199:
196:
186:respectively.
138:Ottoman Empire
123:
120:
111:
108:
62:are included.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2674:
2663:
2662:War on terror
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:, Routledge,
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:, Routledge,
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2303:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1979:September 15,
1971:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1708:on 2021-08-01
1707:
1703:
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1520:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1457:report, 1996.
1456:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1437:9780814797099
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:0-8090-7454-0
1407:
1403:
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1364:
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1300:
1296:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1207:, Routledge,
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
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1129:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1089:20(1): 89-98.
1088:
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1023:
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838:
834:
828:
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819:
804:
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790:
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734:
731:
728:
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723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
673:
663:
661:
660:friendly fire
657:
652:
649:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
623:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Breaking Dawn
595:
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586:
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531:
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489:
485:
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477:
476:War on Terror
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2259:. Retrieved
2235:30 September
2233:. Retrieved
2229:
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2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2179:the original
2151:
2139:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:the original
2063:from report
2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1964:
1931:
1919:
1914:
1894:
1886:the original
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1863:. 2010-11-09
1860:
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1830:
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1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
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1676:
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1567:. Retrieved
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1325:, pp. 91-92.
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1277:. Retrieved
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1035:Adam Roberts
1030:
1005:
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954:
944:Graça Machel
939:
930:
925:
845:
829:
821:
802:14 June 2015
772:22 June 2015
713:Last updated
707:Unidentified
698:Total killed
687:
683:
675:
653:
645:
625:
583:
581:
570:
560:
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527:
503:
469:
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395:, for every
393:Michael Oren
390:
386:
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363:
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331:Chechen wars
321:
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244:
210:World War II
207:
198:World War II
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103:
95:
64:
32:
28:
24:
18:
2188:4 September
1831:Haaretz.com
1815:March 2015.
994:James, Paul
977:Howard Zinn
959:Mary Kaldor
341:During the
265:Vietnam War
259:Vietnam War
237:campaigns.
227:Axis Powers
146:Spanish flu
134:World War I
122:World War I
75:Afghanistan
52:belligerent
2646:Categories
2525:pp. 65, 71
2452:References
1867:2014-01-05
1712:2023-10-19
1279:2014-01-05
1008:(2): 219.
781:Israel MFA
670:See also:
620:See also:
438:See also:
416:See also:
370:Kosovo War
358:See also:
335:See also:
247:Korean War
241:Korean War
202:See also:
126:See also:
48:casualties
2605:pp. 64-66
2464:pp. 72-80
2322:France 24
2261:29 August
2124:27 August
2031:12 August
2005:12 August
1379:220910633
1338:, p. 134.
1205:pp. 68-70
1146:CRC Press
1022:144816686
704:Militants
701:Civilians
364:In 1999,
300:In 1982,
273:Viet Cong
233:or other
231:Holocaust
160:gas masks
67:civilians
60:epidemics
45:combatant
2542:(2001):
2500:(2004):
2398:ABC News
2091:Archived
2026:BBC News
1958:B'Tselem
1940:B'Tselem
1903:Archived
1835:Archived
1758:Archived
1744:Archived
1729:Archived
1619:Archived
1587:Archived
1522:Archived
1470:Archived
1321:Hartley
1299:ABC-CLIO
1228:, p. 278
1199:(2002):
1091:Also at
1041:Survival
996:(2014).
981:Just war
895:Just war
859:See also
839:and the
640:B'Tselem
585:Ha'aretz
557:B'Tselem
547:Shin Bet
450:Iraq War
434:Iraq War
286:Cambodia
278:Cambodia
184:Anatolia
100:states:
83:refugees
1861:Haaretz
1793:Haaretz
1776:Haaretz
1677:AP News
1569:13 July
1334:Layoun
562:Haaretz
552:Haaretz
510:Airwars
397:Serbian
215:famines
188:Armenia
73:and in
2652:Ratios
2611:
2592:
2586:p. 134
2573:
2554:
2548:p. 134
2531:
2512:
2489:
2483:p. 149
2470:
1920:Maariv
1841:14 May
1682:14 May
1434:
1408:
1377:
1323:et al.
1305:
1211:
1177:
1152:
1020:
753:UN HRC
732:≈1,617
716:Notes
695:Source
310:Beirut
176:Turkey
172:Russia
142:typhus
56:famine
27:(also
23:, the
2567:p. 47
2540:et al
2506:p. 91
2498:et al
2182:(PDF)
2175:(PDF)
2158:, BBC
1973:(PDF)
1764:also.
1375:S2CID
1336:et al
1018:S2CID
918:Notes
785:2,125
760:1,462
757:2,251
729:2,310
722:Hamas
636:Hamas
516:. An
484:CIVIC
388:1:1.
255:war.
223:India
144:, or
37:ratio
2609:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2529:ISBN
2510:ISBN
2487:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2263:2014
2237:2014
2190:2014
2126:2014
2033:2014
2007:2014
1981:2009
1843:2024
1813:OCHA
1684:2024
1571:2014
1432:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1150:ISBN
735:≈693
646:The
401:NATO
366:NATO
290:Laos
288:and
282:Laos
280:and
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2657:War
1922:, "
1640:CNN
1367:doi
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791:936
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