Refugee - Knowledge

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factors that led to their present state. Humanitarian groups and media outlets often rely on images of refugees that evoke emotional responses and are said to speak for themselves. The refugees in these images, however, are not asked to elaborate on their experiences, and thus, their narratives are all but erased. From the perspective of the international community, "refugee" is a performative status equated with injury, ill health, and poverty. When people no longer display these traits, they are no longer seen as ideal refugees, even if they still fit the legal definition. For this reason, there is a need to improve current humanitarian efforts by acknowledging the "narrative authority, historical agency, and political memory" of refugees alongside their shared humanity. Dehistorizing and depoliticizing refugees can have dire consequences. Rwandan refugees in Tanzanian camps, for example, were pressured to return to their home country before they believed it was truly safe to do so. Despite the fact that refugees, drawing on their political history and experiences, claimed that Tutsi forces still posed a threat to them in Rwanda, their narrative was overshadowed by the U.N. assurances of safety. When the refugees did return home, reports of reprisals against them, land seizures, disappearances, and incarceration abounded, as they had feared.

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vetted through the resettlement program in the United States between 2001 and 2016, only five were subsequently arrested on terrorism charges; and 17 of the 600,000 Iraqis and Syrians who arrived in Germany in 2015 were investigated for terrorism. One study found that European jihadists tend to be 'homegrown': over 90% were residents of a European country and 60% had European citizenship. While the statistics do not support the rhetoric, a PEW Research Center survey of ten European countries (Hungary, Poland, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece, UK, France, and Spain) released on 11 July 2016, finds that the majority (ranges from 52% to 76%) of respondents in eight countries (Hungary, Poland, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece, and UK) think refugees increase the likelihood of terrorism in their country. Since 1975, in the U.S., the risk of dying in a terror attack by a refugee is 1 in 3.6 billion per year; whereas, the odds of dying in a motor vehicle crash are 1 in 113, by state sanctioned execution 1 in 111,439, or by dog attack 1 in 114,622.

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and expanded their mandate from just humanitarian emergency relief to including human development and protection of the Palestinian society. Communication with host countries where UNRWA is operating (Syria, Jordan and Lebanon) is very important as the agency's mandate changes per region. UNRWA's Medium Term Strategy is a report that lists all the issues that the Palestinians are facing and UNRWA's plan to mitigate the severeness of the issues. The report shows that UNRWA focusses mostly on food assistance, health care, education and shelter for Palestinian refugees. UNRWA has succeeded in placing over 700 schools with over 500,000 students, 140 health centers, 113 women community centers, and has awarded over 475,000 loans. UNRWA's funding relies mostly on voluntary donations. Fluctuations in these donations result in constraints in carrying out the mandate.

1536: 2692: 2526: 2364: 1333: 701: 3062: 2323: 1785:, is disputed. Additionally, academics have critiqued the lack of a theoretical basis of refugee studies and dominance of policy-oriented research. In response, scholars have attempted to steer the field toward establishing a theoretical groundwork of refugee studies through "situating studies of particular refugee (and other forced migrant) groups in the theories of cognate areas (and major disciplines), an opportunity to use the particular circumstances of refugee situations to illuminate these more general theories and thus participate in the development of social science, rather than leading refugee studies into an intellectual cul-de-sac." Thus, the term 1314: 1076: 984: 2401: 2511:

states must not deport genuine refugees. In contrast, the right to non-refoulement allows states to transfer genuine refugees to third party countries with respectable human rights records. The portable procedural model, proposed by political philosopher Andy Lamey, emphasizes the right to non-refoulement by guaranteeing refugees three procedural rights (to a verbal hearing, to legal counsel, and to judicial review of detention decisions) and ensuring those rights in the constitution. This proposal attempts to strike a balance between the interest of national governments and the interests of refugees.

2903:, especially of children, have been documented. In many refugee camps in three war-torn West African countries, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, young girls were found to be exchanging sex for money, a handful of fruit, or even a bar of soap. Most of these girls were between 13 and 18 years of age. In most cases, if the girls had been forced to stay, they would have been forced into marriage. They became pregnant around the age of 15 on average. This happened as recently as in 2001. Parents tended to turn a blind eye because sexual exploitation had become a "mechanism of survival" in these camps. 3243: 3320: 2311: 1270: 1605:, the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the USSR. The interpretation of this Agreement resulted in the forcible repatriation of all Soviets regardless of their wishes. When the war ended in May 1945, British and United States civilian authorities ordered their military forces in Europe to deport to the Soviet Union millions of former residents of the USSR, including many persons who had left Russia and established different citizenship decades before. The forced repatriation operations took place from 1945 to 1947. 2092:

the Republic of Congo to the DRC, 30,000 Angolans returned home from the DRC and Botswana, Ivorian refugees returned from Liberia, Afghans from Pakistan, and Iraqis from Syria. In 2013, the governments of Kenya and Somalia also signed a tripartite agreement facilitating the repatriation of refugees from Somalia. The UNHCR and the IOM offer assistance to refugees who want to return voluntarily to their home countries. Many developed countries also have Assisted Voluntary Return (AVR) programmes for asylum seekers who want to go back or were

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capacity of the existing health system. Political aversion to refugee access into the existing health system may stem from the wider issue of refugee resettlement. One approach to limiting such barriers is to move from a parallel administrative system in which UNHCR refugees may receive better healthcare than host nationals but is unsustainable financially and politically to that of an integrated care where refugee and host nationals receive equal and more improved care all around. In the 1980s, Pakistan attempted to address

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infrastructure, education, and technology. According to the report, food, shelter, and environmental health are a human's basic needs. United Nations agency UNRWA (The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) focuses on addressing these issues to relieve Palestinians from any harm. UNRWA was established as a temporary agency that would carry out a humanitarian response mandate for Palestinian refugees in Gaza, the West Bank, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon.

2958:, and the humanitarian aid directed at refugee relief has very rarely been utilized to fund the acquisition of arms. Although conclusions from case studies of refugee mobilizations raised concerns that humanitarian aid may support rebel groups, more recent empirical evidence does not support the generalizability of these concerns. Support from a refugee-receiving state has rarely been used to enable refugees to mobilize militarily, enabling conflict to spread across borders. 400: 9529: 2629: 1134: 2285:(INA). In other countries, it is often used in different contexts: in everyday usage it refers to a forcibly displaced person who has fled his or her country of origin; in a more specific context it refers to such a person who was, on top of that, granted refugee status in the country the person fled to. Even more exclusive is the Convention refugee status which is given only to persons who fall within the refugee definition of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. 10841: 1609: 1947: 2979:

attacks that occurred in the previous four years. At the incident level, the 2011 Utøya Norway terror attack by Breivik demonstrates the impact of this threat perception on a country's risk from domestic terrorism, in particular ethno-nationalist extremism. Breivik portrayed himself as a protector of Norwegian ethnic identity and national security fighting against immigrant criminality, competition and welfare abuse and an Islamic takeover.

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susceptible to malaria infection, which is a significant cause of mortality in children younger than 5. Malaria was the cause of 16% of the deaths in refugee children younger than 5 years of age. Malaria is one of the most commonly reported causes of death in refugees and displaced persons. Since 2014, reports of malaria cases in Germany had doubled compared to previous years, with the majority of cases found in refugees from Eritrea.

1813: 3125:, the numbers were much lower. There was only 1.4% of refugee students attending schools in Malaysia. This trend is evident across several first settlement countries and carry negative impacts on students once they arrive to their permanent settlement homes, such as the US, and have to navigate a new education system. Some refugees do not have a chance to attend schools in their first settlement countries because they are considered 9551: 3265:, refugees or other migrants. It can also refer to incidents in the country of origin or departure, to large problems whilst on the move or even after arrival in a safe country that involve large groups of displaced persons. At the end of 2020, the UNHCR estimated the number of forcibly displaced people to be about 82.4 million worldwide. Of those, 26.4 million (nearly a third) are refugees while 4.1 million were classified as 2867:

barriers include economic constraints around perceived and actual costs carried by refugees. In addition, refugees must cope with a healthcare workforce unaware of the unique health needs of refugee populations. Perceived legal barriers such as fear that disclosing medical conditions prohibiting reunification of family members and current policies which reduce assistance programs may also limit access to health care services.

2005: 9541: 2416:) and it is subject to the overall efficacy of the country's internal administrative and judicial system as well as the characteristics of the refugee flow to which the country responds. This lack of a procedural direction could create a situation where political and strategic interests override humanitarian considerations in the RSD process. There are also no fixed interpretations of the elements in the 2884:

services. The legal restrictions on access to health care and the administrative barriers in Germany have been criticized since the 1990s for leading to delayed care, for increasing direct costs and administrative costs of health care, and for shifting the responsibility for care from the less expensive primary care sector to costly treatments for acute conditions in the secondary and tertiary sector.

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include all descendants of Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children, regardless of whether they had been granted citizenship elsewhere. This classification process is inconsistent with how all other refugees in the world are classified, including the definition used by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the laws concerning refugees in the United States."

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and ensure that no one profits from violence. Yet this is a very complex issue and every situation is different; conflict is a highly transformative force and the pre-war status-quo can never be reestablished completely, even if that were desirable (it may have caused the conflict in the first place). Therefore, the following are of particular importance to the right to return:

9490: 2847:. Despite inclusive stated policies for refugee access to health care on the international levels, potential barriers to that access include language, cultural preferences, high financial costs, administrative hurdles, and physical distance. Specific barriers and policies related to health service access also emerge based on the host country context. For example, 1934:(IDPs), as well as people in refugee-like and IDP-like situations. The agency is mandated to lead and co-ordinate international action to protect refugees and to resolve refugee problems worldwide. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees. It strives to ensure that everyone can exercise the right to 1990: 3099:

students in the US were still in a transitional status. Refugee students continue to encounter difficulties throughout their years in schools that can hinder their ability to learn. Furthermore, to provide proper support, educators must consider the experiences of students before they settled the US.

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The category of "refugee" tends to have a universalizing effect on those classified as such. It draws upon the common humanity of a mass of people in order to inspire public empathy, but doing so can have the unintended consequence of silencing refugee stories and erasing the political and historical

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had health insurance coverage compared to a little more than half of non-Iraqi immigrants in a Dearborn, Michigan, study. However, greater barriers existed around transportation, language and successful stress coping mechanisms for refugees versus other immigrants, in addition, refugees noted greater

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The refugee camps were built near rivers or irrigation sites had higher malaria prevalence than refugee camps built on dry lands. The location of the camps lent themselves to better breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and thus a higher likelihood of malaria transmission. Children aged 1–15 were the most

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In a study for the United Kingdom, refugees were found to be 4 percentage points more likely to report a mental health problem compared to the non-immigrant population. This contrasts with the results for other immigrant groups, which were less likely to report a mental health problem compared to the

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To receive refugee status, a person must have applied for asylum, making them—while waiting for a decision—an asylum seeker. However, a displaced person otherwise legally entitled to refugee status may never apply for asylum, or may not be allowed to apply in the country they fled to and thus may not

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The residency status in the host country whilst under temporary UNHCR protection is very uncertain as refugees are only granted temporary visas that have to be regularly renewed. Rather than only safeguarding the rights and basic well-being of refugees in the camps or in urban settings on a temporary

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or sometimes also other migrants. It is usually designed to offer acute and temporary accommodation and services and any more permanent facilities and structures often banned. People may stay in these camps for many years, receiving emergency food, education and medical aid until it is safe enough to

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According to the report of the U.S. Committee for Refugees (1995), 10 to 15 percent of 7.5 million Azerbaijani population were refugees or displaced people. Most of them were 228,840 refugee people of Azerbaijan who fled from Armenia in 1988 as a result of deportation policy of Armenia against ethnic

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On 31 December 1938 both the Nansen Office and High Commission were dissolved and replaced by the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League. This coincided with the flight of 500,000 Spanish Republicans, soldiers as well as civilians, to France after their defeat

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Refugee populations consist of people who are terrified and are away from familiar surroundings. There can be instances of exploitation at the hands of enforcement officials, citizens of the host country, and even United Nations peacekeepers. Instances of human rights violations, child labor, mental

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Providing access to healthcare for refugees through integration into the current health systems of host countries may also be difficult when operating in a resource limited setting. In this context, barriers to healthcare access may include political aversion in the host country and already strained

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were analyzed, providing results for 6,743 adult refugees from seven countries. In the larger studies, 9% were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and 5% with major depression, with evidence of much psychiatric co-morbidity. Five surveys of 260 refugee children from three countries yielded

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has found that aid programmes need to move from short-term models of assistance (such as food or cash handouts) to more sustainable long-term programmes that help refugees become more self-reliant. This can involve tackling difficult legal and economic environments, by improving social services, job

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have the right to be reunited if a family member with permanent right of residency applies for the reunification and can prove the people on the application were a family unit before arrival and wish to live as a family unit since separation. If application is successful this enables the rest of the

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that best describes the asylum seeker's reasons to flee. Once the decision was made the asylum seeker receives either Convention refugee status or a complementary form of protection, and can stay in the country—or is refused asylum, and then often has to leave. Only after the state, territory or the

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Voluntary return of refugees into their country of origin, in safety and dignity, is based on their free will and their informed decision. In the last couple of years parts of or even whole refugee populations were able to return to their home countries: e.g. 120,000 Congolese refugees returned from

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The responsibilities for the assistance for protection for Palestinian refugees and human development were originally left to the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP). This agency failed to function, which led the agency to stop working. UNRWA took over these responsibilities

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passed minimum standards as part of its definition of refugee, underlined by article 2 (c) of Directive No. 2004/83/EC, essentially reproducing the narrow definition of refugee offered by the UN 1951 Convention. Nevertheless, by virtue of articles 2 (e) and 15 of the same Directive, persons who have

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or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable

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students from an array of factors such as: rejection by peers, low self-esteem, antisocial behavior, negative perceptions of their academic ability, and lack of support from school staff and parents. Because refugees come from various regions globally with their own cultural, religious, linguistic,

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One potential argument for limiting refugee access to healthcare is associated with costs with states desire to decrease health expenditure burdens. However, Germany found that restricting refugee access led to an increase actual expenditures relative to refugees which had full access to healthcare

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Access to services depends on many factors, including whether a refugee has received official status, is situated within a refugee camp, or is in the process of third country resettlement. The UNHCR recommends integrating access to primary care and emergency health services with the host country in

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and other diseases. Displacement of a people can create favorable conditions for disease transmission. Refugee camps are typically heavily populated with poor sanitary conditions. The removal of vegetation for space, building materials or firewood also deprives mosquitoes of their natural habitats,

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Unlike other refugee groups, the UN created a specific entity called the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) in the aftermath of the war in 1948, which led to a serious refugee crisis in the Arab region, and was responsible for the displacement of 700,000 Palestinian refugees.

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defined refugee studies as "a comprehensive, historical, interdisciplinary and comparative perspective which focuses on the consistencies and patterns in the refugee experience." Following its publishing, the field saw a rapid increase in academic interest and scholarly inquiry, which has continued

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All students need some form of support to help them overcome obstacles and challenges they may face in their lives, especially refugee children who may experience frequent disruptions. There are a few ways in which schools can help refugee students overcome obstacles to attain success in their new

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of out-groups for domestic societal problems, fears and ethno-nationalist sentiment is not new. In the 1890s, the influx of Eastern European Jewish refugees to London coupled with the rise of anarchism in the city led to a confluence of threat-perception and fear of the refugee out-group. Populist

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healthcare access through the creation of Basic Health Units inside the camps. Funding cuts closed many of these programs, forcing refugees to seek healthcare from the local government. In response to a protracted refugee situation in the West Nile district, Ugandan officials with UNHCR created an

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In Canada, barriers to healthcare access include the lack of adequately trained physicians, complex medical conditions of some refugees and the bureaucracy of medical coverage. There are also individual barriers to access such as language and transportation barriers, institutional barriers such as

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The World Health Organization recommends that all people in areas that are endemic for malaria use long-lasting insecticide nets. A cohort study found that within refugee camps in Pakistan, insecticide treated bed nets were very useful in reducing malaria cases. A single treatment of the nets with

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Even in a supposedly "post-conflict" environment, it is not a simple process for refugees to return home. The UN Pinheiro Principles are guided by the idea that people not only have the right to return home, but also the right to the same property. It seeks to return to the pre-conflict status quo

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Local integration is aiming at providing the refugee with the permanent right to stay in the country of asylum, including, in some situations, as a naturalized citizen. It follows the formal granting of refugee status by the country of asylum. It is difficult to quantify the number of refugees who

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of 1935. On 4 July 1936 an agreement was signed under League auspices that defined a refugee coming from Germany as "any person who was settled in that country, who does not possess any nationality other than German nationality, and in respect of whom it is established that in law or in fact he or

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Every person who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his

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In addition, because of the differences in language and culture, students are often placed in lower classes due to their lack of English proficiency. Students can also be made to repeat classes because of their lack of English proficiency, even if they have mastered the content of the class. When

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students from Somalia in a Chicago school questioned whether schools were equipped to provide them with a quality education that met the needs of the pupils. The students were not aware of how to use pencils, which caused them to break the tips requiring frequent sharpening. Teachers may even see

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In the PEW survey previously referenced, 50% of respondents believe that refugees are a burden due to job and social benefit competition. When Sweden received over 160,000 asylum seekers in 2015, it was accompanied by 50 attacks against asylum-seekers, which was more than four times the number of

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on 15 December 1946, specified the agency's field of operations. Controversially, this defined "persons of German ethnic origin" who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany, as individuals who would "not be the concern of the Organization."

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for one million refugees who refused to be repatriated. Even two years after the end of War, some 850,000 people still lived in DP camps across Western Europe. After the establishment of Israel in 1948, Israel accepted more than 650,000 Jewish refugees by 1950. By 1953, over 250,000 refugees were

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means "a dynamic, long‐term process in which a newcomer becomes a full and equal participant in the receiving society... Compared to the general construct of settlement, refugee integration has a greater focus on social, cultural and structural dimensions. This process includes the acquisition of

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refers to "the process of basic adjustment to life ‒ often in the early stages of transition to the new country ‒ including securing access to housing, education, healthcare, documentation and legal rights employment is sometimes included in this process, but the focus is generally on short‐term

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Cross-national empirical verification, or rejection, of populist suspicion and fear of refugees' threat to national security and terror-related activities is relatively scarce. Case studies suggest that the threat of an Islamist refugee Trojan House is highly exaggerated. Of the 800,000 refugees

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Historically, refugee populations have often been portrayed as a security threat. In the U.S and Europe, there has been much focus on the narrative that terrorists maintain networks amongst transnational, refugee, and migrant populations. This fear has been exaggerated into a modern-day Islamist

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of 11% for post-traumatic stress disorder. According to this study, refugees resettled in Western countries could be about ten times more likely to have PTSD than age-matched general populations in those countries. Worldwide, tens of thousands of refugees and former refugees resettled in Western

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Non-refoulement is the right not to be returned to a place of persecution and is the foundation for international refugee law, as outlined in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The right to non-refoulement is distinct from the right to asylum. To respect the right to asylum,

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An asylum seeker is a displaced person or immigrant who has formally sought the protection of the state they fled to as well as the right to remain in this country and who is waiting for a decision on this formal application. An asylum seeker may have applied for Convention refugee status or for

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Once refugees or asylum seekers have found a safe place and protection of a state or territory outside their territory of origin they are discouraged from leaving again and seeking protection in another country. If they do move onward into a second country of asylum this movement is also called

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that has agreed to admit them as refugees. This can be for permanent settlement or limited to a certain number of years. It is the third durable solution and it can only be considered once the two other solutions have proved impossible. The UNHCR has traditionally seen resettlement as the least

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Another refugee wave started in 1967 after the Six-day-War, where mostly Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank were victims of displacement. According to the United Nations, Palestinian refugees struggle with access to health care, food, clean water, sanitation, environmental health and

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The population of Palestinian refugees continues to grow due to multiple UNRWA reclassifications of what is considered to be a refugee. "In 1965, UNRWA changed the eligibility requirements to be a Palestinian refugee to include third-generation descendants, and in 1982, it extended it again, to

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Integrating refugees into the workforce is one of the most important steps to overall integration of this particular migrant group. Many refugees are unemployed, under-employed, under-paid and work in the informal economy, if not receiving public assistance. Refugees encounter many barriers in

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in 26 countries around the world, and this period saw the highest number of refugees ever recorded Refugee children experience traumatic events in their lives that can affect their learning capabilities, even after they have resettled in first or second settlement countries. Educators such as

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Within Australia, officially designated refugees who qualify for temporary protection and offshore humanitarian refugees are eligible for health assessments, interventions and access to health insurance schemes and trauma-related counseling services. Despite being eligible to access services,

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is understood to be "a process in which refugees engage in economic activities (employment or self‐employment) which are commensurate with individuals' professional goals and previous qualifications and experience, and provide adequate economic security and prospects for career advancement."

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In 1965, UNRWA changed the eligibility requirements to be a Palestinian refugee to include third-generation descendants, and in 1982, it extended it again, to include all descendants of Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children, regardless of whether they had been granted

1762:. Although significant contributions had been made before, the latter half of the 20th century saw the establishment of institutions dedicated to the study of refugees, such as the Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem, which was closely followed by the founding of the 1724:(UN), which itself had been founded in 1945, with a mandate to largely finish the UNRRA's work of repatriating or resettling European refugees. It was dissolved in 1952 after resettling about one million refugees. The definition of a refugee at this time was an individual with either a 3215:

schools have the resources and are able to provide separate classes for refugee students to develop their English skills, it can take the average refugee students only three months to catch up with their peers. This was the case with Somali refugees at some primary schools in Nairobi.

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settled and integrated in their first country of asylum and only the number of naturalisations can give an indication. In 2014 Tanzania granted citizenship to 162,000 refugees from Burundi and in 1982 to 32,000 Rwandan refugees. Mexico naturalised 6,200 Guatemalan refugees in 2001.

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Displacement is a long lasting reality for most refugees. Two-thirds of all refugees around the world have been displaced for over three years, which is known as being in 'protracted displacement'. 50% of refugees—around 10 million people—have been displaced for over ten years.

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The emergence of refugee studies as a distinct field of study has been criticized by scholars due to terminological difficulty. Since no universally accepted definition for the term "refugee" exists, the academic respectability of the policy-based definition, as outlined in the

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of 1912–1913 caused 800,000 people to leave their homes. Various groups of people were officially designated refugees beginning in World War I. However, when the First World War began, there were no rules in international law specifically dealing with the situation of refugees.

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One school in NYC has found a method that works for them to help refugee students succeed. This school creates support for language and literacies, which promotes students using English and their native languages to complete projects. Furthermore, they have a learning centered

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are obliged to issue travel documents (i.e. "Convention Travel Document") to refugees lawfully residing in their territory. It is a valid travel document in place of a passport, however, it cannot be used to travel to the country of origin, i.e. from where the refugee fled.

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led to such a very large increase in the number of refugees from Germany that in 1933 the League created a high commission for refugees coming from Germany. Besides other measures by the Nazis which created fear and flight, Jews were stripped of German citizenship by the

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This excluded from its purview a group that exceeded in number all the other European displaced persons put together. Also, because of disagreements between the Western allies and the Soviet Union, the IRO only worked in areas controlled by Western armies of occupation.

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citizenship elsewhere. This classification process is inconsistent with how all other refugees in the world are classified, including the definition used by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the laws concerning refugees in the United States.

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and 500,000 Muslims in Greece) most of whom were forcibly repatriated and denaturalized from homelands of centuries or millennia (and guaranteed the nationality of the destination country) by a treaty promoted and overseen by the international community as part of the

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However, in 2013, the UNHCR conducted them in more than 50 countries and co-conducted them parallel to or jointly with governments in another 20 countries, which made it the second largest RSD body in the world The UNHCR follows a set of guidelines described in the

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on 1 March 1939 stood at almost 150,000. Between 1933 and 1939, about 200,000 Jews fleeing Nazism were able to find refuge in France, while at least 55,000 Jews were able to find refuge in Palestine before the British authorities closed that destination in 1939.

2727:. These long-term mental problems can severely impede the functionality of the person in everyday situations; it makes matters even worse for displaced persons who are confronted with a new environment and challenging situations. They are also at high risk for 9489: 3120:

Statistics found that in places such as Uganda and Kenya, there were gaps in refugee students attending schools. It found that 80% of refugees in Uganda were attending schools, whereas only 46% of students were attending schools in Kenya. Furthermore, for

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persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public

3308:'s mandate there were 21.3 million refugees worldwide. The overall forced displacement worldwide has reached a total of 65.3 million displaced persons at the end of 2015, while it was 59.5 million 12 months earlier. One in every 113 people globally is an 2783:

School of Medicine demonstrated that twenty percent of Sudanese refugee minors living in the United States had a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. They were also more likely to have worse scores on all the Child Health Questionnaire subscales.

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Aside from students, teachers and school staff also face their own obstacles in working with refugee students. They have concerns about their ability to meet the mental, physical, emotional, and educational needs of students. One study of newly arrived

3373:'s mandate were in low and middle-income countries that themselves are close to situations of conflict. Refugees have historically tended to flee to nearby countries with ethnic kin populations and a history of accepting other co-ethnic refugees. The 900:

who are outside their country of nationality or habitual residence and unable to return there owing to serious and indiscriminate threats to life, physical integrity or freedom resulting from generalized violence or events seriously disturbing public

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come from many different backgrounds, and their reasons for resettlement are even more diverse. The number of refugee children has continued to increase as conflicts interrupt communities at a global scale. In 2014 alone, there were approximately 32

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Little empirical evidence supports concerns that refugees commit crimes at higher rates than natives, and some evidence suggests they may even commit crime at lower rates than natives. Very rarely, refugees have been used and recruited as refugee

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In Europe, fear of immigration, Islamification and job and welfare benefits competition has fueled an increase in violence. Immigrants are perceived as a threat to ethno-nationalist identity and increase concerns over criminality and insecurity.

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It is important to understand the cultural differences amongst newly arrived refugees and school culture, such as that of the U.S. This can be seen as problematic because of the frequent disruptions that it can create in a classroom setting.

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Not all refugees who are supported by the UNHCR live in refugee camps. A significant number, more than half, live in urban settings, such as the ~60,000 Iraqi refugees in Damascus (Syria), and the ~30,000 Sudanese refugees in Cairo (Egypt).

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do not need to apply for asylum on arrival in the third countries as they already went through the UNHCR refugee status determination process whilst being in the first country of asylum and this is usually accepted by the third countries.

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receiving countries in finding and sustaining employment commensurate with their experience and expertise. A systemic barrier that is situated across multiple levels (i.e. institutional, organizational and individual levels) is coined "

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The United Nations defines Palestinian refugees as "persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."

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leading them to more closely interact with humans. In the 1970s, Afghanese refugees that were relocated to Pakistan were going from a country with an effective malaria control strategy, to a country with a less effective system.

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is defined as "an organized process of selection, transfer and arrival of individuals to another country. This definition is restrictive, as it does not account for the increasing prevalence of unmanaged migration processes."

920:

The agency defines Palestinian refugees as “persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict.”

1720:, which was shut down in 1947. While the handover was originally planned to take place at the beginning of 1947, it did not occur until July 1947. The International Refugee Organization was a temporary organization of the 2669:. Protracted displacement leads to skills to atrophy, leading qualifications and experiences to be outdated and incompatible to the changing working environments of receiving countries by the time refugees resettle. 2153:, because they have not left their country. As the nature of war has changed in the last few decades, with more and more internal conflicts replacing interstate wars, the number of IDPs has increased significantly. 2038:

return to their country of origin. There, refugees are at risk of disease, child soldier and terrorist recruitment, and physical and sexual violence. There are estimated to be 700 refugee camp locations worldwide.

9326: 2141:(IDPs) and people in IDP-like situations. These are civilians who have been forced to flee their homes, but who have not reached a neighboring country. IDPs do not fit the legal definition of a refugee under the 774:

in England and Scotland. The word meant "one seeking asylum", until around 1916, when it evolved to mean "one fleeing home", applied in this instance to civilians in Flanders heading west to escape fighting in

1802: 1191:

and Turkish refugees. In all of these cases, a refugee was defined as a person in a group for which the League of Nations had approved a mandate, as opposed to a person to whom a general definition applied.

958:

legal rights, mastering the language and culture, reaching safety and stability, developing social connections and establishing the means and markers of integration, such as employment, housing and health."

2293: 1119:

emigrated in the period 1881–1920). Between the Crimean War of 1853–56 and World War I, at least 2.5 million Muslims arrived in the Ottoman Empire as refugees, primarily from Russia and the Balkans. The

3094:

Not all students adjust the same way to their new setting. One student may take only three months, while others may take four years. One study found that even in their fourth year of schooling, Lao and

2982:

Contrary to popular concerns that refugees cause crime, a more empirically grounded concern is that refugees are at high risk of being targets of anti-refugee violence. According to a 2018 study in the

2607:

has occurred annually on 20 June since 2000 by a special United Nations General Assembly Resolution. 20 June had previously been commemorated as "African Refugee Day" in a number of African countries.

2937:

and other forms of sexual exploitation... In recent weeks, online searches for Ukrainian women and keywords like escorts, porn or sex have shot up dramatically in European countries, according to the

2389:

To receive refugee status, a displaced person must go through a Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process, which is conducted by the government of the country of asylum or the UNHCR, and is based on

2863:

medical conditions. The study also found that refugees had higher healthcare utilization rate (92.1%) as compared to the US overall population (84.8%) and immigrants (58.6%) in the study population.

4158:"La vraye et entière histoire des troubles et guerres civiles advenues de nostre temps, tant en France qu'en Flandres & pays circonvoisins, depuis l'an mil cinq cens soixante, jusques à présent" 9243:

Sundquist, K; Johansson, LM; DeMarinis, V; Johansson, SE; Sundquist, J (2005). "Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity: symptoms in a random sample of female Bosnian refugees".

3218:

The histories of refugee students are often hidden from educators, resulting in cultural misunderstandings. However, when teachers, school staff, and peers help refugee students develop a positive

4292:

Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Nardon, Luciara (2020). "Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration".

1390:, including parts of Europe and China. By the end of the War, Europe had more than 40 million refugees. UNRRA was involved in returning over seven million refugees, then commonly referred to as 3176:, which promotes the idea that there are multiple entry points to engage the students in learning. Both strategies have helped refugee students succeed during their transition into US schools. 863: 5947: 3190:. With the support of educators and the school community, education can help rebuild the academic, social, and emotional well-being of refugee students who have suffered from past and present 6438: 3300:

In 2006, there were 8.4 million UNHCR registered refugees worldwide, the lowest number since 1980. At the end of 2015, there were 16.1 million refugees worldwide. When adding the 5.2 million

1789:

in the context of refugee studies can be referred to as "legal or descriptive rubric", encompassing socioeconomic backgrounds, personal histories, psychological analyses, and spiritualities.

8116: 3087:

refugee students as different from other immigrant groups, as was the case with the Bantu pupils. Teachers may sometimes feel that their work is made harder because of the pressures to meet

2614:. Refugee Week is a nationwide festival designed to promote understanding and to celebrate the cultural contributions of refugees, and features many events such as music, dance and theatre. 1091:

The term "refugee" sometimes applies to people who might fit the definition outlined by the 1951 Convention, were it applied retroactively. There are many candidates. For example, after the

7126:

McGowan, Lee (3 July 2014). "Right-Wing Violence in Germany: Assessing the Objectives, Personalities and Terror Trail of the National Socialist Underground and the State's Response to It".

6610: 1407:

After the Soviet armed forces captured eastern Poland from the Germans in 1944, the Soviets unilaterally declared a new frontier between the Soviet Union and Poland approximately at the

1355: 4000: 6833: 2296:

as agreed in the 1951 Refugee convention. Not all countries have signed and ratified this convention and some countries do not have a legal procedure for dealing with asylum seekers.

1507: 1254:. The Nansen Office was plagued by problems of financing, an increase in refugee numbers, and a lack of co-operation from some member states, which led to mixed success overall. 5656: 2990:

In 2018, US president Donald Trump made some comments about refugees and immigrants in Sweden; he stated that the high numbers of crimes are because of refugees and immigrants.

2662: 2962:

terrorism Trojan Horse in which terrorists hide among refugees and penetrate host countries. 'Muslim-refugee-as-an-enemy-within' rhetoric is relatively new, but the underlying

4418: 1466:. Since the spring of 1945, the Poles had been forcefully expelling the remaining German population in these provinces. When the Allies met in Potsdam on 17 July 1945 at the 7589:

Mendenhall, M.; Bartlett, L.; Ghaffar-Kucher, A. (2016). ""If You Need Help, They are Always There for us": Education for Refugees in an International High School in NYC".

3073:

The experiences children go through during times of armed conflict can impede their ability to learn in an educational setting. Schools experience drop-outs of refugee and

7510:

Birman, D., & Tran, N. (2015). The Academic Engagement of Newly Arriving Somali Bantu Students in a U.S. Elementary School. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.

8267: 1691: 1651:

captured by the Germans, 3.5 million had died while in German captivity by the end of the war. The survivors on their return to the USSR were treated as traitors (see

8506: 4253: 8054: 3103:

In their first settlement countries, refugee students may encounter negative experiences with education that they can carry with them post settlement. For example:

1758:, the study of their causes and implications has emerged as a legitimate interdisciplinary area of research, and began to rise by mid to late 20th century, after 8085: 7756: 2929:, "there has been a skyrocketing increase in all forms of illegal trafficking of women and girls in the region – and also boys – including forced sex and labor, 1717: 1383: 8181: 6486: 8651:"Subsidized Sales of Insecticide-Treated Nets in Afghan Refugee Camps Demonstrate the Feasibility of a Transition from Humanitarian Aid Towards Sustainability" 2900: 9917: 6468: 6022:

McMurray, J; Breward, K; Breward, M; Alder, R; Arya, N (2014). "Integrated Primary Care Improves Access to Healthcare for Newly Arrived Refugees in Canada".

3088: 2843:

as equitable a manner as possible. Prioritized services include areas of maternal and child health, immunizations, tuberculosis screening and treatment, and

2450:, and international legal instruments. If the entity granting refugee status is a state that has signed the 1951 Refugee Convention then the refugee has the 7451:

Dryden-Peterson, S. (2015). The Educational Experiences of Refugee Children in Countries of First Asylum (Rep.). Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.

2938: 8731: 2855:

bureaucratic burdens and lack of entitlement knowledge, and systems level barriers such as conflicting policies, racism and physician workforce shortage.

1489:. Article XII ordered that the remaining German populations in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary be transferred west in an "orderly and humane" manner. 7322: 6326:"Effect of restricting access to health care on health expenditures among asylum-seekers and refugees: a quasi-experimental study in Germany, 1994–2013" 5483:"Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees" 1116: 5506: 3091:

for testing. With refugee children falling behind or struggling to catch up, it can overwhelm teachers and administrators, further leading to anger.

1436: 366: 6446: 2776:

of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress than Swedish-born women. For depression the odds ratio was 9.50 among Bosnian women.

2488:

Have competing claims with others, including the state and its foreign or local business partners (as in Aceh, Angola, Colombia, Liberia and Sudan).

9095:

Rowland, M; Rab, MA; Freeman, T; Durrani, N; Rehman, N (2002). "Afghan refugees and the temporal and spatial distribution of malaria in Pakistan".

8870: 4065: 1165:(1917–1921), most of them aristocrats fleeing the Communist government. It is estimated that about 800,000 Russian refugees became stateless when 3369:

Children were 51% of refugees in 2015 and most of them were separated from their parents or travelling alone. In 2015, 86% of the refugees under

1583: 1539: 1257:

However, the Nansen Office managed to lead fourteen nations to ratify the 1933 Refugee Convention, an early, and relatively modest, attempt at a

708: 3222:, it can help buffer the negative effects refugees' experiences have on them, such as poor academic performance, isolation, and discrimination. 3133:. In other cases, such as Burundians in Tanzania, refugees can get more access to education while in displacement than in their home countries. 9235: 9193: 8994: 8079:, Geneva, Switzerland: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Communications and Public Information Service, 1967 5715:

Lembcke H, Buchmuller T, Leyendecker B (2020). "Refugee mother-child dyads' hair cortisol, post-traumatic stress, and affectionate parenting".

1227:, who had begun to enter the country in large numbers beginning in the 1890s. Most European refugees (principally Jews and Slavs) fleeing the 8946: 6935:

Milton, Daniel; Spencer, Megan; Findley, Michael (1 November 2013). "Radicalism of the Hopeless: Refugee Flows and Transnational Terrorism".

6522: 2556: 1891: 1798: 1782: 1763: 1501: 1196: 893: 819: 690: 6852: 2761:, and working. The participants were 1,000 children aged 12 to 16 years from governmental, private, and United Nations Relief Work Agency 2496:

will likely lose the indefinite leave to remain in this country if they return to their country of origin or the country of first asylum.

1493: 1478: 10645: 10520: 6504: 2146: 1628: 1235:

were barred from going to the United States until after World War II, when Congress enacted the temporary Displaced Persons Act in 1948.

836: 6540: 1535: 1001:

The idea that a person who sought sanctuary in a holy place could not be harmed without inviting divine retribution was familiar to the

10530: 8591:

Kazmi, JH; Pandit, K (2001). "Disease and dislocation: the impact of refugee movements on the geography of malaria in NWFP, Pakistan".

4835: 4426: 2844: 9298: 2925:

said: "We have some indications on online services that the demand for Ukrainian women for sexual purposes has gone up." According to

2750:, or pieces of it, again and again. Depression is also characteristic for PTSD-patients and may also occur without accompanying PTSD. 10788: 8958: 8136: 5653: 3389: 3323: 3078:

and home practices, the new school culture can conflict with the home culture, causing tension between the student and their family.

2918: 2062:

basis the UNHCR's ultimate goal is to find one of the three durable solutions for refugees: integration, repatriation, resettlement.

7798: 2851:, an often recommended malaria treatment is not currently licensed for use in Germany and must be ordered from outside the country. 1431:

according to the Yalta Conference, which stipulated the continued existence of the German Reich as a whole, which would include its

9686: 6080: 6024: 3183: 2030: 1486: 1239: 8414: 8182:"Problem of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers Who Move in an Irregular Manner from a Country in Which They Had Already Found Protection" 2914:

aims to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible mobility of people through planned and well-managed migration policies.

2691: 10637: 10575: 9280: 8317: 3919: 3237: 2577:). UNHCR support in the second country may be less than in the first country and they can even be returned to the first country. 2525: 2282: 1687: 1579: 681:

of origin and who cannot or is unwilling to return there due to well-founded fear of persecution. Such a person may be called an

2772:

refugee women had symptoms of PTSD three or four years after their arrival in Sweden. These women also had significantly higher

2115:

preferable of the "durable solutions" to refugee situations. However, in April 2000 the then UN High Commissioner for Refugees,

10617: 9948: 9594: 7466:

Mcbrien, J. L. (2005). "Educational Needs and Barriers for Refugee Students in the United States: A Review of the Literature".

6892:

Michael Collyer (1 March 2005). "Secret agents: Anarchists, Islamists and responses to politically active refugees in London".

3839: 2363: 1938:

and find safe refuge in another state or territory and to offer "durable solutions" to refugees and refugee hosting countries.

1919: 4361:"The Punishment of War Crimes Committed against Prisoners of War, Deportees and Refugees during and after the First World War" 1922:(UNRWA). UNHCR also provides protection and assistance to other categories of displaced persons: asylum seekers, refugees who 58:(29.6 million under the mandate of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and 5.9 million under UNRWA's mandate 10612: 8789: 8703: 8474: 8447: 7226: 7064:

Wike, Richard, Bruce Stokes, and Katie Simmons. "Europeans fear wave of refugees will mean more terrorism, fewer jobs."

6630: 4112: 2110:

Third country resettlement involves the assisted transfer of refugees from the country in which they have sought asylum to a

1679: 1432: 1375: 660: 359: 9010: 8364:"The "lost boys of Sudan": functional and behavioral health of unaccompanied refugee minors re-settled in the United States" 6294:

Rowley, EA; Burnham, GM; Drabe, RM (2006). "Evaluating integrated healthcare for refugees and hosts in an African context".

2348:

receive refugee status. This carries certain rights and obligations, according to the legislation of the receiving country.

2339:. Asylum is thus a category that includes different forms of protection. Which form of protection is offered depends on the 10622: 8510: 7734: 3396:. Over 8.2 million refugees fleeing Ukraine have been recorded across Europe, while an estimated 8 million others had been 1332: 910:

fled a war-caused generalized violence are, at certain conditions, eligible for a complementary form of protection, called

8255: 2536:

Family reunification (which can also be a form of resettlement) is a recognized reason for immigration in many countries.

10655: 8297: 762:

in 1540. The word appeared in the English language when French Huguenots fled to Britain in large numbers after the 1685

700: 6978:

Messari, N.; Klaauw, J. van der (1 December 2010). "Counter-Terrorism Measures and Refugee Protection in North Africa".

2404:

After challenging Queen Jezebel, Elijah takes refuge in a cave until the voice of God calls him in this 1860 woodcut by

10803: 10783: 10762: 4608: 3061: 1713: 995: 4776: 4092: 3167:

Providing extensive support and designing curriculum for students to read, write, and speak in their native languages.

2910:

to threaten political enemies or neighbouring countries. It is for this reason amongst others that the United Nations

2880:

population and Ugandan citizens. Local nationals now access health care in facilities initially created for refugees.

10767: 10650: 10493: 8851: 5438: 5038: 2817:

Refugees are often more susceptible to illness for several reasons, including a lack of immunity to local strains of

2485:

People settled on the land know it is not theirs but have nowhere else to go (as in Colombia, Rwanda and Timor-Leste)

1926:

but still need help rebuilding their lives, local civilian communities directly affected by large refugee movements,

1894:(UNHCR) was established on 14 December 1950. It protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the 1852: 880: 4997: 4008: 1435:

as of 31 December 1937. This did not impact on Poland's eastern border, and Stalin refused to be removed from these

1115:

that swept Eastern Europe in the 19th and early 20th centuries prompted mass Jewish emigration (more than 2 million

521: 10515: 7526: 5627: 2157:

Comparison between the number of refugees and IDPs who are supported by the UNHCR between 1998 and 2014, and 2022.

2009: 1157:

as its head. Nansen and the commission were charged with assisting the approximately 1,500,000 people who fled the

771: 613: 352: 9022: 8934: 5601: 4894: 2711:

Refugees typically report poorer levels of health, compared to other immigrants and the non-immigrant population.

9499: 7172:

Wiggen, Mette (1 December 2012). "Rethinking Anti-Immigration Rhetoric after the Oslo and Utøya Terror Attacks".

5576: 5067: 4260: 3601: 3393: 3179:

Various websites contain resources that can help school staff better learn to work with refugee students such as

3037: 2911: 2747: 1736: 1648: 754:, "a taking refuge, place to flee back to". In Western history, the term was first applied to French Protestant 151: 7015:"Homegrown terrorism and transformative learning: an interdisciplinary approach to understanding radicalization" 10505: 9213: 8742: 5516: 3874: 2720: 2673: 2336: 1834: 1420: 9454:

Schaeffer, P (2010), 'Refugees: On the economics of political migration.' International Migration 48(1): 1–22.

9444: 8910: 8890: 5509: 3312:

or a refugee. In 2015, the total number of displaced people worldwide, including refugees, asylum seekers and

2621:, the World Day of Migrants and Refugees is celebrated in January each year, since instituted in 1914 by Pope 2119:, stated "Resettlement can no longer be seen as the least-preferred durable solution; in many cases it is the 1242:(Nansen Office) was established as a successor agency to the commission. Its most notable achievement was the 1219:. The Immigration Act of 1924 was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans, especially 10798: 10570: 10565: 10049: 6208:

Tuepker, A; Chi, CH (2009). "Evaluating integrated healthcare for refugees and hosts in an African context".

4234: 3879: 2746:, nightmares and sleep-paralysis. Flashbacks are characteristic to the disorder: the patient experiences the 2405: 2393:

or national law. RSD can be done on a case-by-case basis as well as for whole groups of people. Which of the

2026: 1749: 1705:, some 700,000 Palestinian Arabs or 85% of the Palestinian Arab population of territories that became Israel 867: 759: 598: 8206:"Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review" 4216: 2394: 2384: 10793: 10627: 10592: 10543: 10267: 9314:

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2017).

5528: 3313: 3130: 2138: 2137:

UNHCR's mandate has gradually been expanded to include protecting and providing humanitarian assistance to

826:

owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a

283: 7101: 10747: 10737: 10604: 9812: 5948:"Ensuring Access to Health Care: Operational Guidance on Refugee Protection and Solutions in Urban Areas" 5677: 3397: 3355: 3327: 3262: 2322: 2232: 2132: 2034: 1931: 1567: 1387: 1057:

to become practically meaningful, and for border crossing to require that people provide identification.

917:

UNRWA has an alternate definition of what is a refugee. An article in the foreign press describes this:

465: 251: 9282:

The truth about asylum — Who's who: Refugee, Asylum Seeker, Refused asylum seeker, Economic migrant

8362:

Geltman, PL; Grant-Knight, W; Mehta, SD; Lloyd-Travaglini, C; Lustig, S; Landgraf, JM; Wise, PH (2005).

5558: 1623:

At the end of World War II, there were more than 5 million "displaced persons" from the Soviet Union in

1411:, despite the protestations from the Polish government-in-exile in London and the western Allies at the 10727: 10066: 9587: 9437: 9052:"Sharp increase of imported Plasmodium vivax malaria seen in migrants from Eritrea in Hamburg, Germany" 5970:"Sharp increase of imported Plasmodium vivax malaria seen in migrants from Eritrea in Hamburg, Germany" 4934:

Malkki, Liisa H. (1995). "Refugees and Exile: From "Refugee Studies" to the National Order of Things".

4069: 3980: 3922:- resettling refugees with the support and funding from private or joint government-private sponsorship 2493: 2105: 1903: 1875: 1773: 1559: 1158: 470: 9458: 2380: 1694:). A further 200,000 Ukrainians left southeast Poland more or less voluntarily between 1944 and 1945. 1313: 10870: 10865: 10752: 10692: 9545: 9476: 8309: 3893: 1915: 1442:

In the last months of World War II, about five million German civilians from the German provinces of

1424: 1205: 653: 608: 207: 9197: 9002: 8151:

Elliott, Mark (June 1973). "The United States and Forced Repatriation of Soviet Citizens, 1944–47".

7480: 7414:

Malkki, Liisa H. (1996). "Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization".

7345:

Malkki, Liisa H. (1996). "Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization".

5761:

Baggio S, Gonçalves L, Heeren A, Heller P, Gétaz L, Graf M, Rossegger A, Endrass J, Wolff H (2020).

10885: 10697: 10687: 10044: 9856: 9518: 8921: 6174:

Gany, F; De Bocanegra, H (1996). "Overcoming barriers to improving the health of immigrant women".

5763:"The Mental Health Burden of Immigration Detention: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4821: 4266: 4186: 3041:

teachers, counselors, and school staff, along with the school environment, are key in facilitating

2400: 1830: 1590:

in 1961, more than 563,700 refugees from East Germany traveled to West Germany for asylum from the

1578:

in history. In all 15 million Germans were affected, and more than two million perished during the

1374:

The conflict and political instability during World War II led to massive numbers of refugees (see

1075: 983: 31: 17: 8548:"Epidemiology and the Clinical Burden of Malaria in the War-Torn Area, Orakzai Agency in Pakistan" 8052: 8044:

Aggrawal A (2005). "Refugee Medicine". In Payne-James JJ, Byard RW, Corey TS, Henderson C (eds.).

6770:"Refugees, Mobilization, and Humanitarian Aid: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon" 6710: 5762: 4467: 4240: 896:(UNHCR) itself, in addition to the 1951 definition, recognizes the following persons as refugees: 10844: 10742: 10677: 9315: 2550: 2479:

Ownership is unclear as families have expanded or split and division of the land becomes an issue

2417: 2413: 2142: 1823: 1729: 1706: 1428: 1297:

The mandate of the High Commission was subsequently expanded to include persons from Austria and

1247: 1216: 827: 5424: 5410: 3269:

and 48 million being internally displaced. 68% of refugees originates from just five countries (

1490: 1475: 10702: 10331: 10073: 7757:"UNHCR: Ukraine, other conflicts push forcibly displaced total over 100 million for first time" 7475: 6742: 3961: 3844: 3382: 3162: 3096: 2769: 2344:

UNHCR—wherever the application was made—recognises the protection needs does the asylum seeker

2093: 1591: 1555: 1395: 1379: 1367: 1092: 763: 414: 8466: 8086:"A State of Insecurity: The Political Economy of Violence in Refugee-Populated Areas of Kenya" 7087: 6251:

Lawrie, N; van Damme, W (2003). "The importance of refugee-host relations: Guinea 1990–2003".

5628:"Day 10, Year of #Mygration: Pope Francis World Day of Migrants and Refugees, 14 January 2018" 4157: 2529:

Pro-refugee protest in Melbourne, Australia, with a banner reading "No one is illegal" with a

10757: 10732: 10722: 10712: 10707: 10560: 9628: 9580: 8715:"Raising the voice of the invisible Urban Refugees | Raising the voice of the invisible" 6615:

Does Immigration Increase Crime?: Migration Policy and the Creation of the Criminal Immigrant

3889: 2872: 2719:

Apart from physical wounds or starvation, a large percentage of refugees develop symptoms of

2618: 1670:

conducted population exchanges following the imposition of a new Poland-Soviet border at the

1474:, signed on 2 August 1945, defined the Polish western border as that of 1937, (Article VIII) 1290: 911: 743:, meaning "hiding place". It refers to "shelter or protection from danger or distress", from 288: 8484:

Higgins, C. (2016). "New evidence on refugee status determination in Australia, 1978–1983".

8179: 5564: 3242: 2967:

rhetoric then too propelled debate over migration control and protecting national security.

1014: 10818: 10813: 10717: 10587: 10538: 9932: 9898: 9883: 9719: 9666: 8247: 6769: 6661: 6337: 3903: 3898: 3834: 3806: 3301: 3290: 3191: 2520: 1907: 1612: 1340: 1046: 933: 646: 383: 202: 8898: 8620:

Khamis, V (2005). "Post-traumatic stress disorder among school age Palestinian children".

8325:

Gelber, Yoav (1993). "The Historical Role of the Central European Immigration to Israel".

6541:"Putin's war in Ukraine is driving a hidden horror: Sex trafficking of women and children" 5821: 399: 8: 10875: 10202: 10007: 9982: 9962: 9866: 9472: 8071: 6662:"Refugee Admissions and Public Safety: Are Refugee Settlement Areas More Prone to Crime?" 6076:"Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization Among Arab Immigrants and Iraqi Refugees" 5588: 3258: 3126: 3122: 2907: 2724: 2530: 2310: 1575: 1212: 1172:

In 1923, the mandate of the commission was expanded to include the more than one million

1038: 567: 475: 424: 313: 303: 241: 224: 6609:

Owens, Emily G.; Fasani, Francesco; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni; Pinotti, Paolo, eds. (2019),

6341: 4947: 4033: 3180: 1269: 10359: 10341: 10336: 10324: 10158: 9977: 9957: 9927: 9709: 9681: 9397: 9393: 9353:"The Security and Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps and Settlements" 9268: 9229: 9078: 9051: 8825: 8800: 8574: 8547: 8459: 8425: 8342: 8235: 8189: 8168: 7812: 7606: 7493: 7271: 7197: 7151: 7044: 6960: 6917: 6797: 6699: 6636: 6591: 6400: 6360: 6325: 6276: 6233: 6102: 6075: 6049: 5996: 5969: 5740: 5129: 5121: 4951: 4388: 4317: 4171: 3951: 3066: 3015: 3008: 2800: 2754: 2658: 2632: 2451: 2111: 1702: 1598: 1554:

living in Yugoslavia and Romania were deported to slave labour in the Soviet Union, to

1467: 1412: 1305:. According to the Institute for Refugee Assistance, the actual count of refugees from 1149:

The first international co-ordination of refugee affairs came with the creation by the

603: 516: 419: 333: 68: 9360: 9108: 9011:"Reich Citizenship Law (English translation at the University of the West of England)" 8677: 8650: 8604: 8526: 8222: 7624: 6264: 5809: 5442: 3319: 10880: 10364: 10282: 10019: 9972: 9910: 9739: 9401: 9350: 9260: 9147: 9112: 9083: 8847: 8830: 8785: 8699: 8682: 8637: 8608: 8579: 8470: 8443: 8385: 8350: 8227: 8205: 8053:

Assembly of Heads of State and Government (Sixth Ordinary Session) (September 1969).

7610: 7497: 7275: 7263: 7222: 7201: 7189: 7155: 7143: 7083: 7036: 6995: 6964: 6952: 6921: 6909: 6801: 6789: 6750: 6716: 6703: 6691: 6640: 6626: 6595: 6583: 6408: 6365: 6268: 6225: 6183: 6153: 6107: 6041: 6001: 5945: 5778: 5744: 5732: 5697: 5198: 5133: 5113: 5044: 5034: 4955: 4392: 4380: 4321: 4309: 4108: 3869: 3219: 3199: 2893: 2877: 2796: 2780: 2739: 2604: 1471: 1349: 1251: 1184: 1162: 1150: 1142: 1084: 859: 847: 803: 557: 530: 323: 9434:"The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees"' 8239: 7048: 6280: 4581: 10808: 10682: 10582: 10412: 10220: 10110: 10061: 10034: 9787: 9782: 9635: 9389: 9329:. Refugee Council on behalf of the Resettlement Inter-Agency Partnership. June 2004 9327:"Understanding Resettlement to the UK: A Guide to the Gateway Protection Programme" 9272: 9252: 9137: 9104: 9073: 9063: 8820: 8812: 8672: 8662: 8629: 8600: 8569: 8559: 8493: 8375: 8334: 8217: 8160: 7598: 7566: 7556: 7485: 7427: 7423: 7381: 7372:

Feldman, Allen (1994). "On Cultural Anesthesia: From Desert Storm to Rodney King".

7358: 7354: 7302: 7255: 7181: 7135: 7026: 6987: 6944: 6901: 6844: 6781: 6681: 6673: 6618: 6573: 6392: 6355: 6345: 6303: 6260: 6237: 6217: 6143: 6097: 6089: 6053: 6033: 5991: 5981: 5774: 5728: 5724: 5689: 5188: 5105: 4943: 4372: 4301: 4104: 4100: 3971: 3914: 3884: 3650: 3195: 3083: 3032: 3027: 2917:

Concerns about human trafficking and sexual violence have been realized during the

2476:

Cannot access what property they have (Colombia, Guatemala, South Africa and Sudan)

2421: 2372: 2086: 1923: 1899: 1755: 1602: 1416: 1391: 1302: 1200: 991: 629: 577: 572: 541: 500: 328: 246: 229: 9533: 7770: 7385: 6562:"Does Halting Refugee Resettlement Reduce Crime? Evidence from the US Refugee Ban" 6487:"Ukrainian refugees increasingly targeted for sexual exploitation, research finds" 10553: 10245: 10056: 9802: 9792: 9256: 9126:"The Ethnicity of Refugees (ER): A new dataset for understanding flight patterns" 8922:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (July 2011).

8779: 8633: 8564: 8437: 7530: 7244:"Does Aid Reduce Anti-refugee Violence? Evidence from Syrian Refugees in Lebanon" 7216: 7185: 7139: 7078:

Nowrasteh, Alex (13 September 2016). Terrorism and Immigration: A Risk Analysis.

6948: 6905: 6350: 6074:

Elsouhag, D; Arnetz, B; Jamil, H; Lumley, MA; Broadbridge, CL; Arnetz, J (2015).

5660: 5513: 4898: 4780: 4612: 3966: 3925: 3860: 3801: 3339: 3335: 3187: 2574: 2505: 2463: 2447: 2430:

Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status

1725: 1516: 1515:

school teacher leads a group of refugee children just disembarked from a ship at

1497: 1482: 1243: 1188: 1173: 1154: 1010: 974: 855: 767: 704: 694: 582: 562: 485: 480: 460: 440: 338: 308: 236: 9555: 8763:"Tanzania grants citizenship to 162,000 Burundian refugees in historic decision" 8338: 7726: 5030:

UNRWA and Palestinian refugees : from relief and works to human development

3385:

affiliation has been an important feature of debate in refugee-hosting nations.

1803:

United Nations Relief & Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

1601:

against their will into the USSR. On 11 February 1945, at the conclusion of the

10510: 10454: 10293: 10250: 10178: 9922: 9893: 9818: 9772: 9714: 9671: 9352: 9161:"UNHCR completes challenging repatriation of almost 120,000 Congolese refugees" 9050:

Roggelin, L.; Tappe, D.; Noack, B.; Addo, M.M.; Tannich, E.; Rothe, C. (2016).

8380: 8363: 8259: 5693: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3404:

Refugees and people in refugee-like situations by region between 2008 and 2022

3254: 3231: 2922: 2859: 2735: 2686: 2666: 2590: 2537: 2412:

There is no specific method mandated for RSD (apart from the commitment to the

2368: 2150: 2071: 1895: 1721: 1667: 1624: 1528: 1306: 1294:

she does not enjoy the protection of the Government of the Reich" (article 1).

1064: 1060: 1002: 944:

refers to "a non‐organized process of individual transfer to another country."

906: 815: 811: 678: 298: 214: 146: 9513: 9068: 8301: 8017: 7995: 7973: 7951: 7929: 7907: 7885: 7602: 7561: 7544: 7489: 7259: 7031: 7014: 6622: 6578: 6561: 6383:

Pross, C (1998). "Third Class Medicine: Health Care for Refugees in Germany".

6221: 6093: 6037: 5986: 5862: 5675: 5216: 4872: 4376: 3338:

were the largest group in 2015 at 4.9 million. In 2014, Syrians had overtaken

1959:

This number has gone up to at least 5 million refugees in the last 70 years.

1870: 787: 10859: 10351: 10148: 9937: 9807: 9797: 9755: 9729: 9724: 9661: 9621: 9205: 9151: 9142: 9125: 9014: 8546:

Karim, AM; Hussain, I; Malik, SK; Lee, JH; Cho, IH; Kim, YB; Lee, SH (2016).

8354: 8346: 8055:"OAU convention governing the specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa" 7307: 7291:"From protection to persecution: Threat environment and refugee scapegoating" 7290: 7267: 7193: 7147: 7040: 6999: 6956: 6913: 6793: 6785: 6754: 6695: 6677: 6587: 6523:"Israel investigating suspected trafficking of 17-year-old Ukrainian refugee" 5202: 5117: 5048: 4384: 4313: 3975: 3956: 3812: 3309: 3266: 3046: 3042: 2351: 2305: 2047: 1935: 1927: 1675: 1652: 1640: 1551: 1325: 1096: 1006: 802:

The first modern definition of an international refugee status came with the

682: 526: 197: 172: 159: 9409: 9034: 8978: 8180:

Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme (13 October 1989).

5381: 5379: 4605: 4360: 2454:. Further rights include the following rights and obligations for refugees: 1399:

still in Europe, most of them old, infirm, crippled, or otherwise disabled.

677:, conventionally speaking, is a person who has lost the protection of their 10384: 10311: 10090: 10080: 9999: 9749: 9656: 9606: 9264: 9116: 9087: 8834: 8816: 8686: 8667: 8641: 8612: 8583: 8389: 8231: 6412: 6369: 6272: 6229: 6157: 6111: 6045: 6005: 5736: 5701: 4972: 4822:"UNHCR CDR Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Azerbaijan" 4773: 3909: 3828: 2963: 2930: 2611: 2116: 2016: 1998: 1879: 1759: 1735:

The Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, adopted by the

1571: 1563: 1543: 1512: 1443: 1258: 1232: 1104: 807: 716: 712: 450: 126: 92: 9380:

Weiss, Thomas G. (1999). "Principles, politics, and humanitarian action".

6505:"War in Ukraine causes spike in refugees being recruited for prostitution" 6187: 5411:"Refugee Data Finder. Total number of refugees under UNHCR's mandate 2022" 4566:

The State of The World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action

4128: 4126: 4124: 3825:, a mass movement of population, usually forced by war or natural disaster 3146:

Respect the cultural differences amongst refugees and the new home culture

2628: 1133: 1030: 10548: 10379: 10369: 10319: 10301: 10212: 10173: 9967: 9878: 9861: 8801:"Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission" 8497: 8018:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7996:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7974:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7952:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7930:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7908:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7886:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7861:"Global forced displacement trends. (Annexes) UNHCR Statistical Yearbook" 7524:

Reconciling Differences: Indochinese Refugee Students in American Schools

6991: 6307: 5376: 5193: 5176: 4917:

Black, Richard. "Fifty years of refugee studies: From theory to policy."

4819: 3865: 3817: 3282: 3278: 3247: 3074: 2934: 2441: 2390: 2276: 1989: 1671: 1632: 1587: 1459: 1455: 1408: 1298: 1277: 1187:. Over the next several years, the mandate was expanded further to cover 1121: 1050: 1042: 1018: 776: 536: 495: 455: 445: 391: 276: 271: 262: 192: 183: 9567: 9528: 8361: 7571: 7523: 6686: 5827: 4622: 4267:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 2011

1261:

charter, and in general assisted around one million refugees worldwide.

1017:

in about AD 600. Similar laws were implemented throughout Europe in the

10394: 9734: 9026: 8461:

Russian Refugees in France and the United States Between the World Wars

8285: 8172: 7545:"The impact of refugee experiences on education: evidence from Burundi" 7340: 7338: 6848: 6469:"Trafficking and sexual exploitation of Ukrainian refugees on the rise" 6404: 6021: 5968:

Roggelin, L; Tappe, D; Noack, B; Addo, M; Tannich, E; Rothe, C (2016).

5453: 5451: 5125: 4891: 4564: 4305: 4241:

Assembly of Heads of State and Government (Sixth Ordinary Session) 1969

4121: 3854: 3149:

Individual efforts to welcome refugees to prevent feelings of isolation

3116:

Little resources to support language development and learning, and more

3107:

Frequent disruption in their education as they move from place to place

2848: 2831: 2805: 2792: 2022: 1837: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1716:(IRO) was founded on 20 April 1946, and took over the functions of the 1683: 1608: 1180: 864:

Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa

737: 293: 137: 82: 9178:"Angola Repatriation: Antonio returns home after 40 years in DR Congo" 9177: 9160: 8911:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1938: Nansen International Office for Refugees" 8844:

Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881 – 2001

8762: 8439:

Empire of Refugees: North Caucasian Muslims and the Late Ottoman State

8398: 8286:"Forced displacement of Czech population under Nazis in 1938 and 1943" 7843: 7826: 6660:

Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Bansak, Cynthia; Pozo, Susan (March 2021).

6073: 5898: 5605: 5482: 5274: 5150: 4582:"Migrants, refugees, history and precedents | Forced Migration Review" 4438: 4436: 2779:

A study by the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine at the

2397:

is used often depends on the size of the influx of displaced persons.

1777:

was established as the field's first major interdisciplinary journal.

1454:

fled the advance of the Red Army from the east and became refugees in

858:. However, many countries have implemented laws to protect also those 10440: 10435: 10402: 10374: 10262: 10257: 10193: 10168: 10115: 10029: 9744: 9676: 8923: 8891:"Nansen International Office for Refugee: The Nobel Peace Prize 1938" 7860: 7653: 6545: 6148: 6131: 5874: 5833: 5093: 5028: 4789: 4024:

Volume 3 edited by Israel Gutman, New York: Macmillan, 1990 page 1076

3274: 3050: 2955: 2765:

schools in East Jerusalem and various governorates in the West Bank.

2700: 2292:

Once a displaced person is granted refugee status they enjoy certain

1951: 1946: 1550:

Although not approved by Allies at Potsdam, hundreds of thousands of

1447: 1423:

on 7 May 1945, the Allies occupied the remainder of Germany, and the

1321: 1080: 978: 755: 9242: 8164: 8020:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2008 7998:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2009 7976:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2010 7954:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2011 7932:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2012 7910:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2013 7888:. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. 2014 7784: 7542: 7335: 6396: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5815: 5448: 5425:"Refugee Data Finder. Total number of IDPs of concern to UNHCR 2022" 5109: 1812: 1301:, which Germany annexed after 1 October 1938 in accordance with the 10449: 10421: 10407: 10274: 10240: 10198: 10183: 10143: 9888: 8781:

Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922

7327: 5364: 4433: 4004: 4001:

Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations

3822: 3374: 3359: 3343: 3173: 2951: 2594: 2482:

Death of owner may leave dependents without clear claim to the land

1656: 1336: 1153:

in 1921 of the High Commission for Refugees and the appointment of

1100: 1034: 219: 166: 112: 9343: 8525: 5967: 5654:

Protracted displacement: uncertain paths to self-reliance in exile

4878: 4742: 4706: 4533: 1013:

in a church or other holy place was first codified in law by King

10445: 10430: 10426: 10188: 10138: 10130: 10120: 10024: 10012: 9767: 9761: 9550: 9468:, in Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Edward Elgar Publishing. 9194:"Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II" 8048:. Vol. 3. London: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 514–525. 6132:"Hurdles to health:Immigrant and refugee healthcare in Australia" 5845: 4860: 4730: 3347: 3286: 3065:

Internally displaced children from other parts of Ukraine in the

2818: 2743: 2728: 2610:

In the United Kingdom World Refugee Day is celebrated as part of

2327: 2315: 1616: 1597:

During the same period, millions of former Russian citizens were

1524: 1451: 1108: 851: 634: 7631: 7588: 7242:

Lehmann, M. Christian; Masterson, Daniel T. R. (November 2020).

4328: 2834:

remained protective throughout the 6 month transmission season.

2432:

to determine which individuals are eligible for refugee status.

1083:

were forced to leave their homes in Anatolia in 1915 during the

758:

looking for a safe place against Catholic persecution after the

10417: 10230: 10163: 10103: 10098: 9905: 9572: 9540: 4754: 3297:, hosting 3.7 million refugees, being the top hosting country. 3294: 2704: 2636: 2622: 2598: 2004: 1994: 1911: 1887: 1644: 1463: 1363: 1359: 1317: 1285: 1273: 1177: 1112: 1068: 791: 130: 78: 9351:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1999).

9344:"UNHCR – Global Trends –Forced Displacement in 2014" 9342:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2015).

9313: 8268:"Forced Repatriation to the Soviet Union: The Secret Betrayal" 7323:"Trump claims vindication for baffling Sweden terror comments" 6293: 5946:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2011).

5177:"UNRWA and the Palestinian Refugees: A History within History" 4820:

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (1 September 1995).

4774:"The Institutional Features of the Prisoners of War Treaties," 4694: 4682: 4340: 2734:

Among other symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder involves

1470:, a chaotic refugee situation faced the occupying powers. The 1087:, and many either died or were murdered on their way to Syria. 10225: 10153: 9704: 9325: 8714: 7013:

Wilner, Alex S.; Dubouloz, Claire-Jehanne (1 February 2010).

6608: 5886: 5676:

Giuntella, O.; Kone, Z.L.; Ruiz, I.; C. Vargas-Silva (2018).

5565:

Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme 1989

5385: 5352: 4497: 3930: 3370: 3305: 3270: 2762: 2738:, over-alertness, sleeplessness, motor difficulties, failing 2696: 1660: 1520: 1228: 1224: 1166: 1138: 1022: 744: 9562: 9494:

Andy Lamey talks about the refugee crisis on Bookbits radio.

9220: 8248:"Final Compensation Pending for Former Nazi Forced Laborers" 8070: 6419: 5714: 5094:"Refugees unto the Third Generation: UN Aid to Palestinians" 4850: 4848: 4628: 4132: 2281:

In the United States, the term refugee is defined under the

1183:

in 1915 and 1923 due to a series of events now known as the

10235: 9777: 9222:

Statistisches Bundesamt, Die Deutschen Vertreibungsverluste

8256:"Forced Labor at Ford Werke AG during the Second World War" 7401:

The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies

6617:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–155, 5910: 5760: 5507:

Uncharted Territory: Land, Conflict and Humanitarian Action

5340: 4509: 3849: 3378: 3363: 3354:(1 million). the countries that had the largest numbers of 3351: 2773: 2758: 2657:

Protracted displacement can lead to detrimental effects on

1906:. All refugees in the world are under UNHCR mandate except 1636: 1220: 1026: 822:. It defines "refugee" in Article 1.A.2 as any person who: 795: 102: 8073:

Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees

7695: 6717:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1999

5922: 4670: 4448: 2899:

and physical trauma/torture, violence-related trauma, and

2723:(PTSD), and show post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or 2585: 9445:

Strategic Humanitarianism: Host States and Refugee Policy

9361:"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" 6659: 5243: 4845: 4545: 4485: 4291: 4138: 4007:, Switzerland, on 30 January 1923, by the governments of 1402: 1169:

revoked citizenship for all Russian expatriates in 1921.

843: 9473:

Refugee protection: A Guide to International Refugee Law

9094: 8957: 8945: 5868: 5546: 5463: 5457: 4801: 4795: 3155:

Student centered pedagogy as opposed to teacher centered

2809:

countries probably have post-traumatic stress disorder.

9033: 8979:"Refugees at highest ever level, reaching 65m, says UN" 8889: 6834:"Links Between Terrorism and Migration: An Exploration" 5797: 5370: 4442: 2420:

and countries may interpret them differently (see also

1754:

With the occurrence of major instances of diaspora and

1718:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

1384:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

951:

survival needs rather than long‐term career planning."

810:

and in response to the large numbers of people fleeing

9192: 9124:

Rüegger, Seraina; Bohnet, Heidrun (16 November 2015).

9049: 8246: 7849:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2017. 7832:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2018. 7815:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2019. 7801:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2020. 7787:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2021. 7773:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2022. 6808: 6173: 5904: 4748: 4712: 3809:, people displaced when conservation areas are created 1199:

involved about two million people (around 1.5 million

835:

In 1967 the definition was basically confirmed by the

9359: 8897: 7866:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2016 7707: 6768:

Masterson, Daniel; Lehmann, M. Christian (May 2020).

6611:"Refugee Waves and Crime: Evidence from EU Countries" 6323: 6250: 5027:Ḥanafī, Sārī; Hilal, Leila; Takkenberg, Alex (2014). 5026: 4967: 4965: 4866: 4736: 4020:

Bankier, David "Nuremberg Laws" pages 1076–1077 from

2906:

Large groups of displaced persons could be abused as

831:

or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.

8545: 8415:"Greek and Turkish refugees and deportees 1912–1924" 7683: 6934: 5880: 5785: 5756: 5754: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5092:

Sahlieh, S. Aldeeb Abu; Schiff, Benjamin N. (1996).

4718: 4658: 4646: 4399: 4084: 2939:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

2799:

at Warneford Hospital in the United Kingdom. Twenty

1898:

and assists in providing durable solutions, such as

1874:

UNHCR tents at a refugee camp following episodes of

1732:" issued by the International Refugee Organization. 1485:

placing one fourth of Germany's territory under the

806:

in 1921 from the Commission for Refugees. Following

9204: 8977: 7844:"Global forced displacement trends. 2017 (Annexes)" 7827:"Global forced displacement trends. 2018 (Annexes)" 7727:"Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)" 7637: 6129: 4760: 4634: 2385:

Asylum seeker § Status determination processes

854:are generally not encompassed by the international 9035:"Resettlement: A new beginning in a third country" 9021: 8993: 8458: 8413: 8266: 8203: 7671: 6722: 5839: 5292: 4962: 4700: 4688: 4346: 2473:May never have had property (e.g., in Afghanistan) 1659:soldiers imprisoned by the Nazis were sent to the 1635:) in Germany and occupied territories. The Soviet 1586:.) Between the end of War and the erection of the 1394:or DPs, to their country of origin and setting up 879:The 1984 the regional, non-binding Latin-American 9408: 9009: 8399:"From refugee to citizen: a Guatemalan in Mexico" 8117:"Iraqi refugees in Syria feel new strains of war" 7543:Fransen, S.; Vargas-Silva, C.; M. Siegel (2018). 6560:Masterson, Daniel; Yasenov, Vasil (August 2021). 6207: 5751: 5591: 4 December 2000. Retrieved 2021-09-04. 5391: 5358: 4503: 3906:, network that represents non-resident immigrants 2563: 2065: 1979: 1686:were expelled to the east of the new border. The 10857: 9457:Refugee number statistics taken from 'Refugee', 8732:"Shattered dreams of Sudanese refugees in Cairo" 7398: 7241: 6767: 6559: 5671: 5669: 3931:Refugee and Asylum Participatory Action Research 2837: 2514: 2367:For over 30 years, several tens of thousands of 9568:Bridging Youth Refugees and Children's Services 9299:"UNHCR Statistical Yearbook 2014, 14th edition" 9023:"Repatriation -- The Dark Side of World War II" 8899:"The Nazi Ostarbeiter (Eastern Worker) Program" 8869: 8435: 8284: 7648: 7646: 6891: 5678:"Reason for immigration and immigrants' health" 5529:"Convention relating to the Status of Refugees" 5346: 5255: 4515: 4334: 2381:Refugee law § Refugee status determination 2358: 1386:(UNRRA) to provide aid to areas liberated from 1370:, at an American Red Cross evacuation camp 1943 1264: 1103:fled to England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, 883:included the following definition of refugees: 9279: 8933: 8368:Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 8188: 7012: 5916: 4521: 4454: 4144: 3857:, a banned person who may be killed by anybody 3831:, a website to find accommodation for refugees 3181:Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services 2795:was conducted by the psychiatry department of 2791:Many more studies illustrate the problem. One 2151:1969 Organization for African Unity Convention 2126: 1690:occurred from September 1944 to May 1946 (see 9588: 9212: 9123: 8909: 8137:"Global forced displacement hits record high" 8114: 7813:"Global Trends - Forced displacement in 2019" 7799:"Global Trends - Forced displacement in 2020" 7785:"Global Trends - Forced displacement in 2021" 7771:"Global Trends - Forced displacement in 2022" 7701: 7399:Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena; et al. (2014). 6977: 5666: 5249: 5231: 5091: 4998:"UNRWA has changed the definition of refugee" 4551: 4491: 4099:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 121–128. 2635:inside a train at Przemyśl Główny station in 2557:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 2541:family to immigrate to that country as well. 2446:Refugee rights encompass both customary law, 2099: 1892:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1799:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1764:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1491:Agreements of the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference 1476:Agreements of the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference 1197:population exchange between Greece and Turkey 894:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 820:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 691:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 654: 360: 10492: 10272: 9367:. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 1994 8533:. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 1994 8296: 7643: 7536: 7522:Liem Thanh Nguyen, & Henkin, A. (1980). 7288: 6017: 6015: 5941: 5939: 5937: 4807: 4569:. Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 13. 3392:began in Europe in late February 2022 after 2876:integrative healthcare model for the mostly 2330:land at Hamburg on the Cap Anamur II in 1986 1053:gained sufficient prevalence for the phrase 8798: 8648: 8590: 8442:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 8064:Refugee Women: Beyond Gender Versus Culture 8046:Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine 6203: 6201: 6199: 6197: 5928: 5892: 5856: 4294:International Journal of Management Reviews 2499: 2371:refugees have been living in the region of 1584:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950) 837:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 9595: 9581: 9234:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8465:. American Philosophical Society. p. 7218:Anti-Refugee Violence and African Politics 3257:can refer to movements of large groups of 2648: 1914:between 1947 and 1949, as a result of the 1771:to the present. Most notably in 1988, the 1678:were expelled west of the new border (see 1045:. However, it was not until the advent of 693:(UNHCR) if they formally make a claim for 661: 647: 367: 353: 9141: 9077: 9067: 8824: 8676: 8666: 8573: 8563: 8379: 8221: 7584: 7582: 7570: 7560: 7518: 7516: 7479: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7306: 7289:Savun, Burcu; Gineste, Christian (2019). 7077: 7030: 6685: 6577: 6359: 6349: 6319: 6317: 6169: 6167: 6147: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6101: 6012: 5995: 5985: 5934: 5192: 4617:DPs Europe's Displaced Persons, 1945–1951 2921:. European Commissioner for Home Affairs 1853:Learn how and when to remove this message 1502:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50) 10480: 9486: 9175: 9158: 8777: 8504: 8396: 8254: 8204:Fazel, M; Wheeler, J; Danesh, J (2005). 8105: 8096: 8043: 7654:"Global Trends Forced Displacement 2015" 7549:IZA Journal of Development and Migration 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 6425: 6382: 6194: 6081:Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6025:Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 5791: 5334: 5322: 5310: 4890:Stein, Barry N., and Silvano M. Tomasi. 4724: 4664: 4652: 4358: 3948:, a plan to create a nation for refugees 3318: 3241: 3158:Building relationships with the students 3060: 2690: 2627: 2584: 2524: 2399: 2362: 2321: 2309: 2003: 1988: 1945: 1869: 1766:. In particular, the 1981 volume of the 1607: 1534: 1506: 1354: 1331: 1312: 1268: 1240:Nansen International Office for Refugees 1132: 1074: 1059: 982: 866:expanded the 1951 definition, which the 786: 699: 9443:Salehyan, Idean; Savun, Burcu (2024). " 9410:"What is resettlement? A new challenge" 8860: 8483: 8456: 8318:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 8150: 8134: 7689: 7465: 7371: 7125: 6841:Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies 6740: 5469: 4879:International Refugee Organization 1994 4676: 4640: 4405: 4091:Reyhani, Adel-Naim (6 September 2022). 4090: 3920:Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program 3238:List of countries by refugee population 3205: 3136: 1643:men were put under the jurisdiction of 1137:Children preparing for evacuation from 14: 10858: 9365:Infoplease 2000–2006 Pearson Education 9214:"Spanish Civil War fighters look back" 8871:"Nairobi to open mission in Mogadishu" 8841: 8760: 8619: 8531:Infoplease 2000–2006 Pearson Education 8324: 8298:"Forced migration in the 20th century" 8115:Dehghanpisheh, Babak (10 April 2013). 8061: 7713: 7579: 7513: 7454: 7413: 7344: 7171: 7167: 7165: 7080:Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 798 7060: 7058: 6831: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6314: 6164: 6118: 5803: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5298: 5145: 5143: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5022: 5020: 5018: 4933: 4929: 4927: 4854: 4539: 4359:Segesser, Daniel Marc (1 March 2008). 3840:Forced displacement in popular culture 3316:, was at its highest level on record. 2757:children, most of whom were refugees, 1920:United Nations Relief and Works Agency 1792: 1427:confirmed the unfortunate division of 1403:Post-World War II population transfers 723: 10479: 9836: 9576: 9379: 9341: 9296: 9130:Conflict Management and Peace Science 8693: 8507:"Detainee children 'in suicide pact'" 8083: 7677: 7625:"Figures at a glance | UNHCR US" 7434: 7215:Onoma, Ato Kwamena (7 October 2013). 7214: 6876: 6814: 6728: 6060: 5552: 5397: 5174: 4990: 4579: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4184: 2919:2022–present Ukrainian refugee crisis 2858:In the US, all officially designated 2340: 1918:. These refugees are assisted by the 1688:population transfer to Soviet Ukraine 1647:(Death to Spies). Of the 5.7 million 1376:World War II evacuation and expulsion 994:in 1889 made in the aftermath of the 8947:"Patriots ignore greatest brutality" 8527:"International Refugee Organization" 8397:Goldberg, Diana (29 November 2001). 7533:. The Clearinghouse, 54(3), 105–108. 4172:"Base de données du refuge huguenot" 2580: 2289:have official asylum seeker status. 2056: 1835:adding citations to reliable sources 1806: 1250:, for which it was awarded the 1938 1128: 1099:in France, hundreds of thousands of 63:Regions with significant populations 9176:Schmitt, Celine (28 August 2014b). 8846:(Updated ed.). Vintage Books. 8761:Markus, Francis (17 October 2014). 8729: 8505:Holloway, Grant (28 January 2002). 7162: 7055: 7019:Global Change, Peace & Security 6820: 5492: 5261: 5140: 5055: 5033:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis. 5015: 4948:10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002431 4924: 4904:, vol. 15, no. 1/2, 1981, pp. 5–7. 4254:"Cartagena Declaration on Refugees" 4045:Under Article 28 of the Convention. 2768:Another study showed that 28.3% of 2680: 2080: 2021:A refugee camp is a place built by 1580:expulsions of the German population 1348:by the Nationalists in 1939 in the 1021:. The related concept of political 686: 24: 9838: 9837: 9449:Annual Review of Political Science 9426: 9394:10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00322.x 9382:Ethics & International Affairs 9316:"Control of Communicable Diseases" 9285:, London, England: Refugee Council 9159:Schmitt, Celine (5 August 2014a). 8436:Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir (2024). 8308: 8190:"Fact sheet about Malaria. (n.d.)" 7737:from the original on 10 March 2022 6743:"Why Refugee Warriors are Threats" 5386:Understanding Resettlement to 2004 4902:The International Migration Review 4527: 4272: 4097:Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights 3892:, an Iranian refugee who lived in 2544: 2457: 1743: 1714:International Refugee Organization 1709:from their homes by the Israelis. 1320:child refugees and war orphans in 1041:, nations recognized each other's 875:country of origin or nationality. 25: 10897: 9482: 8712: 8327:The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 7248:American Political Science Review 6566:American Political Science Review 5237: 4629:Statistisches Bundesamt, Die 1958 4133:Convention Protocol relating 1967 4066:"UNHCR data | Global Trends" 4022:The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 3362:at 6.9, Syria at 6.6 million and 3289:). 86% of refugees are hosted in 3225: 2993: 2665:, exacerbating the effect of the 2435: 2337:complementary forms of protection 2299: 2270: 1890:, Switzerland, the Office of the 1487:Provisional Polish administration 1425:Berlin declaration of 5 June 1945 1049:in late 18th-century Europe that 1037:was sent to England. By the 1648 881:Cartagena Declaration on Refugees 689:by a contracting state or by the 10840: 10839: 9602: 9549: 9539: 9527: 9321:(Federal Register 82, no. 6890). 8552:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8135:Edwards, Adrian (20 June 2016). 8010: 7988: 7966: 7944: 7922: 7900: 7878: 7853: 7836: 7819: 7805: 7791: 7777: 7763: 7749: 7719: 7617: 7504: 7407: 7392: 7365: 7315: 7282: 7235: 7208: 7119: 7094: 7071: 7006: 6971: 6928: 6885: 6879:The Functions of Social Conflict 6870: 6761: 6734: 6653: 6602: 6553: 6533: 6515: 6497: 6479: 6461: 6431: 6376: 6324:Bozorgmehr, K; Razum, O (2015). 6287: 6244: 6210:Health Economics, Policy and Law 5961: 5840:Fazel, Wheeler & Danesh 2005 5068:"Medium Term Strategy 2016-2021" 3049:of recently arrived refugee and 2041: 1910:, who fled the current state of 1811: 928: 614:White genocide conspiracy theory 398: 8101:. London and Boston: Routledge. 6741:Adelman, Howard (1 July 1998). 5708: 5646: 5632:Research at The Open University 5620: 5594: 5577:United Nations General Assembly 5570: 5521: 5475: 5431: 5417: 5403: 5267: 5209: 5168: 5085: 4911: 4884: 4828: 4813: 4766: 4599: 4573: 4557: 4460: 4421:[The humanist Nansen]. 4411: 4352: 4246: 4039: 4034:League of Nations Treaty Series 4027: 4014: 3993: 3602:Latin America and the Caribbean 3053:children in their new schools. 2912:Sustainable Development Goal 10 2887: 2753:PTSD was diagnosed in 34.1% of 1984: 1822:needs additional citations for 1737:United Nations General Assembly 10481: 8959:"Refugee Status Determination" 8090:New Issues in Refugee Research 8036: 7468:Review of Educational Research 7428:10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050 7359:10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050 7221:. Cambridge University Press. 6774:Journal of Conflict Resolution 6666:International Migration Review 6130:Murray, SB; Skull, SA (2005). 5729:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104470 5663:Overseas Development Institute 5604:. Refugee Week. Archived from 5517:Overseas Development Institute 5098:International Migration Review 4919:International Migration Review 4468:"Displaced Persons Act (1948)" 4425:(in Norwegian). Archived from 4221:Online Etymological Dictionary 4209: 4178: 4164: 4150: 4105:10.4337/9781789903621.refugees 4058: 3875:List of largest refugee crises 3161:Offering praise and providing 2721:post-traumatic stress disorder 2674:Overseas Development Institute 2564:Restriction of onward movement 2283:Immigration of Nationality Act 2066:Integration and naturalisation 1980:Acute and temporary protection 1768:International Migration Review 1655:). Over 1.5 million surviving 996:Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77) 782: 13: 1: 9532:The dictionary definition of 9109:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00341-0 9097:Social Science & Medicine 9001:. 9 July 1979. Archived from 8995:"Refugees: Save Us! Save Us!" 8924:"UNHCR Resettlement Handbook" 8739:Forced Migration Review (FMR) 8605:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00341-0 8593:Social Science & Medicine 8223:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61027-6 7386:10.1525/ae.1994.21.2.02a00100 6265:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14124-4 4936:Annual Review of Anthropology 4796:Patriots ignore greatest 2007 4051: 3880:List of people granted asylum 3002: 2838:Access to healthcare services 2663:refugee workforce integration 2555:Those states that signed the 2515:Right to family reunification 2406:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld 2375:, in the heart of the desert. 1954:Palestine refugee camp (2019) 1750:Economic results of migration 1574:). This entailed the largest 1211:The U.S. Congress passed the 962:Refugee workforce integration 868:Organization of African Unity 599:Criticism of multiculturalism 53: 9519:Resources in other libraries 9257:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.12.001 8805:Emerging Infectious Diseases 8799:Mertans, P; Hall, L (2000). 8634:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.06.013 8565:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004399 7186:10.1080/07393148.2012.729744 7140:10.1080/09644008.2014.967224 6949:10.1080/03050629.2013.834256 6906:10.1080/01419870420000315852 6351:10.1371/journal.pone.0131483 5779:10.18716/ojs/krimoj/2020.2.7 5602:"Refugee Week (UK) About Us" 5458:Refugee Status Determination 5175:Bocco, R. (1 January 2009). 4542:, pp. 323–39, 326 n. 6. 4187:"England's 'First Refugees'" 3987: 3398:displaced within the country 3394:Russia's invasion of Ukraine 3314:internally displaced persons 3263:internally displaced persons 3129:in places like Malaysia for 3056: 3021: 2494:resettled to a third country 2359:Refugee status determination 2139:internally displaced persons 2035:internally displaced persons 1419:of February 1945. After the 1265:Rise of Nazism, 1933 to 1944 766:(the revocation of the 1598 760:first Edict of Fontainebleau 103:Middle East and North Africa 7: 9464:Reyhani, Adel-Naim (2022), 9432:Gibney, Matthew J. (2004), 8865:. Harvard University Press. 8649:Kolaczinski, J. H. (2004). 8153:Political Science Quarterly 6747:Journal of Conflict Studies 5371:Resettlement: new beginning 4836:"ECRI REPORT ON AZERBAIJAN" 4443:Nansen International Office 4365:Immigrants & Minorities 4185:Gwynn, Robin (5 May 1985). 3794: 3356:internally displaced people 3328:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3110:Limited access to schooling 2133:Internally displaced person 2127:Internally displaced person 1932:internally displaced people 1627:. About 3 million had been 1568:Federal Republic of Germany 1388:Axis powers of World War II 732:derives from the root word 10: 10902: 9687:Weberian (three-component) 9438:Cambridge University Press 8935:"Old fears over new faces" 8457:Hassell, James E. (1991). 8381:10.1001/archpedi.159.6.585 7403:. Oxford University Press. 6937:International Interactions 6296:Journal of Refugee Studies 5694:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.01.037 5652:Crawford N. et al. (2015) 4867:United Nations Relief 1994 4784:International Organization 4749:Soviet Prisoners Forgotten 4713:Final Compensation Pending 3981:Third country resettlement 3235: 3229: 3025: 3006: 2891: 2812: 2788:non-immigrant population. 2684: 2548: 2518: 2503: 2461: 2439: 2378: 2303: 2274: 2130: 2106:Third country resettlement 2103: 2100:Third country resettlement 2084: 2069: 2045: 2014: 1950:Eastern part of UNRWA-run 1796: 1774:Journal of Refugee Studies 1747: 1692:Repatriation of Ukrainians 1560:German Democratic Republic 1558:, and subsequently to the 1437:eastern Polish territories 1159:Russian Revolution of 1917 972: 968: 471:Indefinite leave to remain 29: 10835: 10776: 10668: 10636: 10603: 10529: 10501: 10488: 10475: 10393: 10350: 10310: 10292: 10211: 10129: 10089: 9998: 9991: 9946: 9849: 9845: 9832: 9695: 9649: 9645: 9616: 9514:Resources in your library 9477:Inter-Parliamentary Union 9297:UNHCR (8 December 2015). 9206:"Soviet Prisoners-of-War" 9069:10.1186/s12936-016-1366-7 8951:The Sydney Morning Herald 8778:McCarthy, Justin (1995). 8698:. Canada: Anchor Canada. 8339:10.1093/leobaeck/38.1.323 8106:de Zayas, Alfred (2006). 8097:de Zayas, Alfred (1977). 7702:Rüegger & Bohnet 2015 7603:10.1007/s11256-016-0379-4 7562:10.1186/s40176-017-0112-4 7490:10.3102/00346543075003329 7295:Journal of Peace Research 7260:10.1017/S0003055420000349 7032:10.1080/14781150903487956 6894:Ethnic and Racial Studies 6623:10.1017/9781108626286.006 6579:10.1017/S0003055421000150 6222:10.1017/s1744133109004824 6094:10.1007/s10903-014-0119-3 6038:10.1007/s10903-013-9954-x 5987:10.1186/s12936-016-1366-7 4737:Nazi Ostarbeiter (Eastern 4377:10.1080/02619280802442647 3894:Charles de Gaulle Airport 3408: 3186:22 September 2018 at the 2985:Journal of Peace Research 2845:HIV/AIDS-related services 2643: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 1924:returned home voluntarily 1674:in 1944. About 2,100,000 1215:in 1921, followed by the 1206:Treaty of Lausanne (1923) 1025:also has a long history: 988:Refugees from Herzegovina 772:Declaration of Indulgence 770:) in France and the 1687 609:Opposition to immigration 152:Aboard aircraft and ships 111: 101: 91: 77: 67: 62: 52: 47: 10809:Pre-industrial East Asia 9143:10.1177/0738894215611865 8981:. BBC News. 20 June 2016 8861:Naimark, Norman (1995). 8486:Refugee Survey Quarterly 7638:Refugees at highest 2016 7308:10.1177/0022343318811432 6980:Refugee Survey Quarterly 6786:10.1177/0022002719885176 6678:10.1177/0197918320920192 6136:Australian Health Review 5717:Psychoneuroendocrinology 5181:Refugee Survey Quarterly 4779:20 February 2020 at the 4606:DP Camps in Europe Intro 2944: 2677:opportunities and laws. 2500:Right to non-refoulement 2123:solution for refugees." 1941: 1865: 1111:. The repeated waves of 709:East German border guard 32:Refugee (disambiguation) 9857:Administrative detainee 9459:Encyclopædia Britannica 8893:. The Nobel Foundation. 8863:The Russians in Germany 8842:Morris, Benny (2001) . 8092:(Working Paper No. 16). 6385:Health and Human Rights 5893:Mertans & Hall 2000 5857:Kazmi & Pandit 2001 5512:20 January 2021 at the 5505:Sara Pantuliano (2009) 5217:"The UN Refugee Agency" 4761:Soviet Prisoners-of-War 3845:Ghost town repopulation 3127:undocumented immigrants 2714: 2649:Protracted displacement 2573:by the UNHCR (see also 2551:Refugee travel document 2418:1951 Refugee Convention 2414:1951 Refugee Convention 2391:international, regional 2143:1951 Refugee Convention 2033:) to receive refugees, 1783:1951 Refugee Convention 1730:certificate of identity 1682:), while about 450,000 1649:Soviet prisoners of war 1556:Allied-occupied Germany 1496:31 October 2010 at the 1481:31 October 2010 at the 1429:Allied-occupied Germany 1396:displaced persons camps 1248:refugee travel document 1217:Immigration Act of 1924 828:particular social group 10273: 9554:Quotations related to 9495: 8817:10.3201/eid0602.000202 8668:10.1186/1475-2875-3-15 8314:Holocaust Encyclopedia 7529:20 August 2020 at the 4897:24 August 2019 at the 4701:Forced Repatriation to 4689:Repatriation Dark Side 4347:Greek Turkish refugees 3962:Refugee Studies Centre 3331: 3261:, who could be either 3251: 3070: 2708: 2695:Refugee children from 2640: 2601: 2533: 2409: 2376: 2331: 2319: 2012: 2001: 1955: 1883: 1620: 1599:forcefully repatriated 1547: 1532: 1380:Allies of World War II 1371: 1368:Imperial State of Iran 1344: 1329: 1281: 1146: 1145:between 1936 and 1939. 1093:Edict of Fontainebleau 1088: 1072: 1055:country of nationality 998: 903: 890: 877: 833: 799: 764:Edict of Fontainebleau 720: 522:Immigrant assimilation 415:Immigration by country 10814:Pre-industrial Europe 9548:at Wikimedia Commons 9493: 9355:(UNHCR EXCOM Report). 8903:Collectinghistory.net 8509:. CNN. Archived from 8110:. Palgrave/Macmillan. 8062:Bassel, Leah (2012). 7659:. UNHCR. 20 June 2016 7416:Cultural Anthropology 7347:Cultural Anthropology 7174:New Political Science 6877:Coser, Lewis (1956). 6832:Schmid, Alex (2016). 6176:J Am Med Womens Assoc 5871:, pp. 2061–2072. 5859:, pp. 1043–1055. 5816:Sundquist et al. 2005 5579: Session 55 5359:What is resettlement? 5151:"Where We Work UNRWA" 4786:55, no. 4 (2001), 984 4611:16 March 2014 at the 4580:Bundy, Colin (2016). 4504:Reich Citizenship Law 3890:Mehran Karimi Nasseri 3322: 3245: 3064: 2694: 2631: 2619:Roman Catholic Church 2588: 2528: 2403: 2379:Further information: 2366: 2325: 2313: 2275:Further information: 2007: 1992: 1949: 1930:people and so-called 1916:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1873: 1707:fled or were expelled 1680:Repatriation of Poles 1611: 1538: 1510: 1358: 1335: 1316: 1291:Reich Citizenship Law 1272: 1136: 1078: 1063: 986: 912:subsidiary protection 898: 885: 872: 824: 790: 728:In English, the term 703: 591:Opposition and reform 289:Diplomatic protection 10671: or countries 10482:By country or region 9720:Class discrimination 8941:. 21 September 2006. 8694:Lamey, Andy (2011). 7374:American Ethnologist 7102:"Injury Facts Chart" 5905:Roggelin et al. 2016 5659:25 July 2019 at the 5347:Nairobi to open 2014 5275:"Refugees solutions" 4973:"Palestine refugees" 4335:Hamed-Troyansky 2024 3904:No person is illegal 3899:Nansen Refugee Award 3835:Emergency evacuation 3807:Conservation refugee 3302:Palestinian refugees 3291:developing countries 3206:Cultural differences 3137:Overcoming obstacles 2571:"irregular movement" 2521:Family reunification 2008:Refugee camp in the 1908:Palestinian refugees 1831:improve this article 1613:Palestinian refugees 1341:Battle of Stalingrad 1047:romantic nationalism 1011:right to seek asylum 934:Refugee resettlement 842:People fleeing from 93:Asia and the Pacific 30:For other uses, see 10203:Vanniar (Chieftain) 9216:. 28 February 2003. 9029:on 17 January 2012. 8422:Universiteit Leiden 8304:on 21 October 2015. 8262:on 14 October 2007. 8121:The Washington Post 7066:Pew Research Center 6527:The Times of Israel 6475:. 30 November 2022. 6449:on 27 November 2020 6428:, pp. 514–525. 6342:2015PLoSO..1031483B 5869:Rowland et al. 2002 5842:, pp. 1309–14. 5828:Geltman et al. 2005 5555:, pp. 232–266. 4921:35.1 (2001): 57–78. 4857:, pp. 252–258. 4679:, pp. 253–275. 4516:Forced displacement 4472:Immigration History 4455:Old fears over 2006 4429:on 26 January 2013. 4419:"Humanisten Nansen" 3405: 2901:sexual exploitation 2452:right to employment 2158: 1876:xenophobic violence 1793:UN Refugee Agencies 1576:population transfer 1566:), Austria and the 1433:eastern territories 1213:Emergency Quota Act 1161:and the subsequent 1039:Peace of Westphalia 955:Refugee integration 862:. Accordingly, the 724:Etymology and usage 476:Migration diplomacy 425:Illegal immigration 314:Permanent residency 44: 10784:18th-century Spain 10638:Standard of living 10342:Upper middle class 10337:Lower middle class 9928:Political prisoner 9710:Chattering classes 9682:Spoon class theory 9496: 9461:CD Edition (2004). 9224:. Wiesbaden. 1958. 9017:on 28 August 2012. 8877:. 19 February 2014 8748:on 2 December 2017 8498:10.1093/rsq/hdw008 8292:. 13 October 2003. 8108:A Terrible Revenge 8099:Nemesis at Potsdam 8084:Crisp, J. (1999). 6992:10.1093/rsq/hdq034 6849:10.19165/2016.1.04 6308:10.1093/jrs/fej019 5917:Fact sheet Malaria 5830:, pp. 585–91. 5818:, pp. 158–64. 5443:§ 1101(a)(42) 5250:Dehghanpisheh 2013 5194:10.1093/rsq/hdq001 4306:10.1111/ijmr.12222 4145:Truth about asylum 3952:Refugee Phrasebook 3403: 3400:by late May 2022. 3350:(1.1 million) and 3332: 3324:Ukrainian refugees 3252: 3097:Vietnamese refugee 3089:state requirements 3071: 3069:of western Ukraine 3067:Zakarpattia Oblast 3009:Refugee employment 2709: 2659:refugee employment 2641: 2633:Ukrainian refugees 2602: 2534: 2492:Refugees who were 2410: 2377: 2332: 2320: 2314:Erstaufnahmelager 2156: 2112:safe third country 2013: 2002: 1997:for refugees from 1956: 1884: 1703:1948 Palestine War 1621: 1548: 1533: 1468:Potsdam Conference 1413:Teheran Conference 1372: 1345: 1330: 1282: 1276:refugees from the 1147: 1089: 1073: 1015:Æthelberht of Kent 999: 948:Refugee settlement 942:refugee relocation 800: 721: 604:Immigration reform 550:Political theories 517:Social integration 420:Immigration policy 334:Identity cleansing 69:Sub-Saharan Africa 42: 10853: 10852: 10831: 10830: 10827: 10826: 10664: 10663: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10365:Lumpenproletariat 9867:illegal immigrant 9828: 9827: 9740:Classless society 9544:Media related to 9500:Library resources 9491: 9200:on 30 March 2008. 9103:(11): 2061–2072. 9005:on 24 April 2011. 8953:. 13 August 2007. 8939:The Seattle Times 8791:978-0-87850-094-9 8730:Mahmoud, Hala W. 8705:978-0-385-66255-0 8476:978-0-87169-817-9 8449:978-1-5036-3696-5 8216:(9467): 1309–14. 7228:978-1-107-03669-7 6881:. The Free Press. 6632:978-1-108-49455-7 6439:"Goal 10 targets" 5895:, pp. 103–9. 5881:Karim et al. 2016 5806:, pp. 81–95. 5634:. 12 January 2018 5608:on 26 August 2020 5472:, pp. 71–93. 4772:James D. Morrow, 4552:Spanish Civil War 4492:Nobel Peace Prize 4114:978-1-78990-362-1 3870:Spanish Civil War 3792: 3791: 3259:displaced persons 3220:cultural identity 3200:social alienation 3131:Rohingya refugees 3113:Language barriers 2894:Human trafficking 2797:Oxford University 2781:Boston University 2740:short term memory 2605:World Refugee Day 2581:World Refugee Day 2268: 2267: 2057:Durable solutions 1886:Headquartered in 1863: 1862: 1855: 1592:Soviet occupation 1472:Potsdam Agreement 1392:displaced persons 1350:Spanish Civil War 1252:Nobel Peace Prize 1185:Armenian genocide 1151:League of Nations 1143:Spanish Civil War 1129:League of Nations 1095:in 1685 outlawed 1085:Armenian genocide 1007:ancient Egyptians 870:adopted in 1969: 860:Displaced Persons 848:natural disasters 804:League of Nations 750:, "to flee", and 671: 670: 622:Causes topics 558:Civic nationalism 531:Acculturation Gap 377: 376: 324:Right to homeland 121: 120: 16:(Redirected from 10893: 10871:Forced migration 10866:Aftermath of war 10843: 10842: 10670: 10571:Mexican-American 10499: 10498: 10490: 10489: 10477: 10476: 10278: 10221:Business magnate 10111:Knowledge worker 9996: 9995: 9884:dual or multiple 9847: 9846: 9834: 9833: 9788:Social exclusion 9783:Social cleansing 9697: 9647: 9646: 9636:Economic classes 9597: 9590: 9583: 9574: 9573: 9553: 9543: 9531: 9492: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9405: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9356: 9347: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9322: 9320: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9276: 9239: 9233: 9225: 9217: 9209: 9201: 9196:. Archived from 9189: 9187: 9185: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9155: 9145: 9120: 9091: 9081: 9071: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9030: 9025:. Archived from 9018: 9013:. Archived from 9006: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8954: 8942: 8930: 8928: 8918: 8906: 8894: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8875:Standard Digital 8866: 8857: 8838: 8828: 8795: 8784:. Darwin Press. 8774: 8772: 8770: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8747: 8741:. Archived from 8736: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8717:. Urban Refugees 8709: 8696:Frontier Justice 8690: 8680: 8670: 8645: 8622:Child Abuse Negl 8616: 8599:(7): 1043–1055. 8587: 8577: 8567: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8501: 8480: 8464: 8453: 8432: 8431:on 16 July 2007. 8430: 8424:. Archived from 8419: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8393: 8383: 8358: 8321: 8305: 8300:. Archived from 8293: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8263: 8258:. Archived from 8251: 8243: 8225: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8185: 8176: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8111: 8102: 8093: 8080: 8078: 8067: 8058: 8049: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7992: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7865: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7723: 7717: 7711: 7705: 7699: 7693: 7687: 7681: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7658: 7650: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7591:The Urban Review 7586: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7564: 7540: 7534: 7520: 7511: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7483: 7463: 7452: 7449: 7432: 7431: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7342: 7333: 7332: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7254:(4): 1335–1342. 7239: 7233: 7232: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7169: 7160: 7159: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7075: 7069: 7068: 11 (2016). 7062: 7053: 7052: 7034: 7010: 7004: 7003: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6857: 6851:. Archived from 6838: 6829: 6818: 6817:, pp. 1–22. 6812: 6806: 6805: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6689: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6581: 6572:(3): 1066–1073. 6557: 6551: 6550: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6529:. 24 March 2022. 6519: 6513: 6512: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6493:. 26 March 2023. 6483: 6477: 6476: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6445:. Archived from 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6353: 6321: 6312: 6311: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6205: 6192: 6191: 6171: 6162: 6161: 6151: 6149:10.1071/ah050025 6127: 6116: 6115: 6105: 6088:(5): 1305–1312. 6071: 6058: 6057: 6019: 6010: 6009: 5999: 5989: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5943: 5932: 5929:Kolaczinski 2004 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5883:, pp. 1–12. 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5758: 5749: 5748: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5673: 5664: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5598: 5592: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5525: 5519: 5503: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5187:(2–3): 229–252. 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5064: 5053: 5052: 5024: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4931: 4922: 4915: 4909: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4817: 4811: 4808:Forced migration 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4586:www.fmreview.org 4577: 4571: 4570: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4371:(1–2): 134–156. 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4337:, p. 64–65. 4332: 4326: 4325: 4289: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4119: 4118: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4068:. Archived from 4062: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4003:" was signed at 3997: 3972:Refugee children 3915:Political asylum 3885:List of refugees 3651:Northern America 3411:(UN major area) 3406: 3402: 3366:at 4.4 million. 3246:Refugee camp in 3152:Educator support 3123:secondary levels 3033:Refugee children 3028:Refugee children 2878:Sudanese refugee 2830:the insecticide 2681:Medical problems 2538:Divided families 2448:peremptory norms 2422:refugee roulette 2373:Tindouf, Algeria 2341:legal definition 2159: 2155: 2087:Voluntary return 2081:Voluntary return 1858: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1815: 1807: 1756:forced migration 1603:Yalta Conference 1421:German surrender 1417:Yalta Conference 1378:). In 1943, the 1303:Munich Agreement 1201:Anatolian Greeks 818:passed the 1951 794:refugee camp in 663: 656: 649: 630:Economic migrant 578:Plurinationalism 573:Multiculturalism 542:Social exclusion 509:Social processes 501:Voluntary return 402: 379: 378: 369: 362: 355: 329:Voluntary return 242:Lost citizenship 123: 122: 55: 48:Total population 45: 43:Refugees in 2024 41: 27:Displaced person 21: 10901: 10900: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10891: 10890: 10886:Right of asylum 10856: 10855: 10854: 10849: 10823: 10772: 10660: 10632: 10599: 10583:Underprivileged 10525: 10484: 10483: 10459: 10389: 10346: 10306: 10288: 10207: 10125: 10085: 9987: 9942: 9841: 9840: 9824: 9803:Social position 9793:Social mobility 9691: 9641: 9612: 9611: 9601: 9525: 9524: 9523: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9487: 9485: 9429: 9427:Further reading 9424: 9415: 9413: 9370: 9368: 9332: 9330: 9318: 9304: 9302: 9288: 9286: 9227: 9226: 9183: 9181: 9166: 9164: 9056:Malaria Journal 9040: 9038: 8984: 8982: 8968: 8966: 8926: 8880: 8878: 8854: 8792: 8768: 8766: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8734: 8720: 8718: 8706: 8655:Malaria Journal 8536: 8534: 8516: 8514: 8477: 8450: 8428: 8417: 8404: 8402: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8194: 8192: 8165:10.2307/2149110 8141: 8139: 8125: 8123: 8076: 8039: 8034: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8001: 7999: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7979: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7712: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7587: 7580: 7541: 7537: 7531:Wayback Machine 7521: 7514: 7509: 7505: 7481:10.1.1.459.5997 7464: 7455: 7450: 7435: 7412: 7408: 7397: 7393: 7370: 7366: 7343: 7336: 7331:. 7 March 2018. 7321: 7320: 7316: 7287: 7283: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7170: 7163: 7128:German Politics 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7076: 7072: 7063: 7056: 7011: 7007: 6976: 6972: 6933: 6929: 6890: 6886: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6858:on 23 July 2020 6855: 6836: 6830: 6821: 6813: 6809: 6766: 6762: 6739: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6658: 6654: 6645: 6643: 6633: 6607: 6603: 6558: 6554: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6511:. 4 April 2023. 6503: 6502: 6498: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6424: 6420: 6397:10.2307/4065298 6381: 6377: 6336:(7): e0131483. 6322: 6315: 6292: 6288: 6249: 6245: 6206: 6195: 6172: 6165: 6128: 6119: 6072: 6061: 6020: 6013: 5974:Malaria Journal 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5944: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5759: 5752: 5713: 5709: 5674: 5667: 5661:Wayback Machine 5651: 5647: 5637: 5635: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5611: 5609: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5514:Wayback Machine 5504: 5493: 5488:. UNHCR. 1979 . 5485: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5468: 5464: 5456: 5449: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5148: 5141: 5110:10.2307/2547407 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5066: 5065: 5056: 5041: 5025: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4970: 4963: 4932: 4925: 4916: 4912: 4899:Wayback Machine 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4781:Wayback Machine 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4627: 4623: 4613:Wayback Machine 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4578: 4574: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4434: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4290: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4183: 4179: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4122: 4115: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4072:on 19 June 2023 4064: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4036:vol. 171, p. 77 4032: 4028: 4019: 4015: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3967:Right of asylum 3926:Queer migration 3861:Human migration 3802:Asylum shopping 3797: 3410: 3346:(1.6 million), 3340:Afghan refugees 3336:Syrian refugees 3240: 3234: 3228: 3208: 3196:marginalization 3188:Wayback Machine 3139: 3059: 3038:armed conflicts 3030: 3024: 3011: 3005: 2996: 2947: 2896: 2890: 2840: 2815: 2748:traumatic event 2717: 2699:at a clinic in 2689: 2683: 2651: 2646: 2583: 2575:asylum shopping 2566: 2553: 2547: 2545:Right to travel 2523: 2517: 2508: 2506:Non-refoulement 2502: 2466: 2464:Right of return 2460: 2458:Right of return 2444: 2438: 2387: 2361: 2308: 2302: 2279: 2273: 2135: 2129: 2108: 2102: 2089: 2083: 2074: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2019: 1987: 1982: 1962: 1944: 1878:and rioting in 1868: 1859: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1828: 1816: 1805: 1797:Main articles: 1795: 1752: 1746: 1744:Refugee studies 1726:Nansen passport 1629:forced laborers 1540:German refugees 1517:Port of Tilbury 1498:Wayback Machine 1483:Wayback Machine 1405: 1267: 1244:Nansen passport 1223:, Italians and 1155:Fridtjof Nansen 1131: 1009:. However, the 981: 975:Right of asylum 971: 931: 892:As of 2011 the 856:right of asylum 785: 768:Edict of Nantes 726: 705:Konrad Schumann 667: 583:Ethnocentricism 563:Social cohesion 486:Right of asylum 481:Non-refoulement 466:Externalization 461:Immigration law 441:Border security 433:History and law 373: 339:Right of return 284:Criminalization 57: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10899: 10889: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10804:Ottoman Empire 10801: 10796: 10791: 10789:Ancient Greece 10786: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10763:United Kingdom 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10674: 10672: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10656:Home-ownership 10653: 10648: 10642: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10609: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10590: 10580: 10579: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10558: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10535: 10533: 10527: 10526: 10524: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10511:American Dream 10508: 10502: 10496: 10486: 10485: 10473: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10424: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10399: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10354: 10348: 10347: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10316: 10314: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10298: 10296: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10286: 10279: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10254: 10253: 10248: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10217: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10135: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10095: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10077: 10076: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10054: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10004: 10002: 9993: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9923:Migrant worker 9920: 9915: 9914: 9913: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9876: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9859: 9853: 9851: 9843: 9842: 9839:By demographic 9830: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9819:Status Anxiety 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9773:Ranked society 9770: 9765: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9715:Class conflict 9712: 9707: 9701: 9699: 9698: topics 9693: 9692: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9672:Mudsill theory 9669: 9664: 9659: 9653: 9651: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9563:UNHCR RefWorld 9538:at Wiktionary 9522: 9521: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9498: 9497: 9484: 9483:External links 9481: 9480: 9479: 9471:UNHCR (2001). 9469: 9462: 9455: 9452: 9441: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9406: 9377: 9357: 9348: 9339: 9323: 9311: 9294: 9277: 9245:Eur Psychiatry 9240: 9218: 9210: 9202: 9190: 9173: 9156: 9121: 9092: 9047: 9031: 9019: 9007: 8991: 8975: 8955: 8943: 8931: 8919: 8915:Nobelprize.org 8907: 8895: 8887: 8867: 8858: 8852: 8839: 8796: 8790: 8775: 8758: 8727: 8710: 8704: 8691: 8646: 8617: 8588: 8543: 8523: 8513:on 8 June 2008 8502: 8481: 8475: 8454: 8448: 8433: 8411: 8394: 8359: 8322: 8306: 8294: 8282: 8264: 8252: 8244: 8201: 8186: 8177: 8159:(2): 253–275. 8148: 8132: 8112: 8103: 8094: 8081: 8068: 8059: 8050: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8009: 7987: 7965: 7943: 7921: 7899: 7877: 7852: 7835: 7818: 7804: 7790: 7776: 7762: 7748: 7718: 7706: 7694: 7682: 7670: 7642: 7630: 7616: 7578: 7535: 7512: 7503: 7474:(3): 329–364. 7453: 7433: 7406: 7391: 7364: 7353:(3): 377–404. 7334: 7314: 7281: 7234: 7227: 7207: 7180:(4): 585–604. 7161: 7134:(3): 196–212. 7118: 7093: 7070: 7054: 7005: 6970: 6943:(5): 621–645. 6927: 6900:(2): 278–303. 6884: 6869: 6819: 6807: 6780:(5): 817–843. 6760: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6672:(1): 135–165. 6652: 6631: 6601: 6552: 6549:. 20 May 2022. 6532: 6514: 6496: 6478: 6460: 6430: 6418: 6375: 6313: 6302:(2): 158–186. 6286: 6243: 6216:(2): 159–178. 6193: 6163: 6117: 6059: 6032:(4): 576–585. 6011: 5960: 5933: 5931:, pp. 15. 5921: 5909: 5907:, p. 325. 5897: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5844: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5773:(2): 219–233. 5750: 5707: 5665: 5645: 5619: 5593: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5520: 5491: 5474: 5462: 5447: 5430: 5416: 5402: 5390: 5375: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5327: 5315: 5303: 5291: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5208: 5167: 5139: 5084: 5054: 5039: 5014: 5002:Foreign Policy 4989: 4961: 4942:(1): 495–523. 4923: 4910: 4883: 4871: 4859: 4844: 4841:. 31 May 2011. 4827: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4765: 4753: 4741: 4729: 4717: 4705: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4598: 4572: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4508: 4496: 4484: 4459: 4447: 4432: 4423:Arkivverket.no 4410: 4398: 4351: 4339: 4327: 4300:(2): 193–216. 4271: 4259: 4245: 4233: 4208: 4177: 4163: 4149: 4137: 4120: 4113: 4083: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4038: 4026: 4013: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3946:Refugee Nation 3943: 3941:Refugee health 3938: 3936:Refugee crisis 3933: 3928: 3923: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3901: 3896: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3390:refugee crisis 3383:denominational 3330:, 5 March 2022 3304:who are under 3267:asylum seekers 3255:Refugee crisis 3232:Refugee crisis 3230:Main article: 3227: 3226:Refugee crisis 3224: 3207: 3204: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3138: 3135: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3058: 3055: 3023: 3020: 3016:canvas ceiling 3004: 3001: 2995: 2994:Representation 2992: 2946: 2943: 2923:Ylva Johansson 2889: 2886: 2873:Afghan refugee 2860:Iraqi refugees 2839: 2836: 2814: 2811: 2716: 2713: 2687:Refugee health 2685:Main article: 2682: 2679: 2667:canvas ceiling 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2591:Syrian refugee 2582: 2579: 2565: 2562: 2549:Main article: 2546: 2543: 2519:Main article: 2516: 2513: 2504:Main article: 2501: 2498: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2462:Main article: 2459: 2456: 2440:Main article: 2437: 2436:Refugee rights 2434: 2360: 2357: 2352:Quota refugees 2326:Refugees from 2304:Main article: 2301: 2300:Seeking asylum 2298: 2272: 2271:Refugee status 2269: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2131:Main article: 2128: 2125: 2104:Main article: 2101: 2098: 2094:refused asylum 2085:Main article: 2082: 2079: 2072:Naturalization 2070:Main article: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2046:Main article: 2043: 2040: 2015:Main article: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1943: 1940: 1896:United Nations 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1819: 1817: 1810: 1794: 1791: 1745: 1742: 1722:United Nations 1698:Azerbaijanis. 1668:Soviet Ukraine 1625:Western Europe 1552:ethnic Germans 1529:United Kingdom 1404: 1401: 1307:Czechoslovakia 1280:, October 1938 1266: 1263: 1130: 1127: 1107:, Germany and 1067:refugees from 1003:ancient Greeks 990:, painting by 970: 967: 930: 927: 907:European Union 816:United Nations 812:Eastern Europe 784: 781: 725: 722: 687:refugee status 685:until granted 669: 668: 666: 665: 658: 651: 643: 640: 639: 638: 637: 632: 624: 623: 619: 618: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 593: 592: 588: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 552: 551: 547: 546: 545: 544: 539: 534: 524: 519: 511: 510: 506: 505: 504: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 435: 434: 430: 429: 428: 427: 422: 417: 409: 408: 404: 403: 395: 394: 388: 387: 375: 374: 372: 371: 364: 357: 349: 346: 345: 344: 343: 342: 341: 336: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 299:Foreign worker 296: 291: 286: 281: 280: 279: 266: 265: 259: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 249: 239: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 215:Naturalization 212: 211: 210: 205: 200: 187: 186: 180: 179: 178: 177: 176: 175: 163: 156: 155: 154: 141: 140: 134: 133: 119: 118: 115: 109: 108: 105: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 85: 75: 74: 71: 65: 64: 60: 59: 50: 49: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10898: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10846: 10838: 10837: 10834: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10775: 10769: 10768:United States 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10669:Other regions 10667: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10528: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10494:United States 10491: 10487: 10478: 10474: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10210: 10204: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10128: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10075: 10072: 10068: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10055: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9945: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9933:Socioeconomic 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9907: 9904: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9835: 9831: 9821: 9820: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9808:Social stigma 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9798:Social orphan 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9757: 9756:Nouveau riche 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9730:Class traitor 9728: 9726: 9725:Class society 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9662:Gilbert model 9660: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9638: 9637: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9608: 9605: 9604: 9598: 9593: 9591: 9586: 9584: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9558:at Wikiquote 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9536: 9530: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9467: 9463: 9460: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9430: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9378: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9349: 9345: 9340: 9328: 9324: 9317: 9312: 9300: 9295: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9251:(2): 158–64. 9250: 9246: 9241: 9237: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9179: 9174: 9162: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9048: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8980: 8976: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8929:. p. 19. 8925: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8859: 8855: 8853:0-679-74475-4 8849: 8845: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8776: 8764: 8759: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8728: 8716: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8697: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8544: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8512: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8468: 8463: 8462: 8455: 8451: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8434: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8412: 8400: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8374:(6): 585–91. 8373: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8333:(1): 323–39. 8332: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8202: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8149: 8138: 8133: 8122: 8118: 8113: 8109: 8104: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8082: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8060: 8056: 8051: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8019: 8013: 7997: 7991: 7975: 7969: 7953: 7947: 7931: 7925: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7881: 7862: 7856: 7845: 7839: 7828: 7822: 7814: 7808: 7800: 7794: 7786: 7780: 7772: 7766: 7758: 7752: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7716:, p. 84. 7715: 7710: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7655: 7649: 7647: 7639: 7634: 7626: 7620: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7585: 7583: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7528: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7380:(2): 408–18. 7379: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7339: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7318: 7309: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7211: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7166: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7061: 7059: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6986:(4): 83–103. 6985: 6981: 6974: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6888: 6880: 6873: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6816: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6427: 6426:Aggrawal 2005 6422: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6318: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6259:(9383): 575. 6258: 6254: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6189: 6185: 6182:(4): 155–60. 6181: 6177: 6170: 6168: 6159: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6018: 6016: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5949: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5792:Holloway 2002 5788: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5755: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5682:Public Health 5679: 5672: 5670: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5649: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5484: 5478: 5471: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5452: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5372: 5367: 5360: 5355: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5335:Schmitt 2014b 5331: 5324: 5323:Schmitt 2014a 5319: 5312: 5311:Goldberg 2001 5307: 5300: 5295: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5218: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5040:9780415715041 5036: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4928: 4920: 4914: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4837: 4831: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4757: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4665:de Zayas 2006 4661: 4654: 4653:de Zayas 1977 4649: 4642: 4637: 4630: 4625: 4619:by Mark Wyman 4618: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4602: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4488: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4456: 4451: 4444: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4355: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4269:, p. 19. 4268: 4263: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4191:History Today 4188: 4181: 4173: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4141: 4134: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4023: 4017: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3976:refugee women 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3957:Refugee Radio 3955: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813:Church asylum 3811: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3310:asylum seeker 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3068: 3063: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047:acculturation 3044: 3043:socialization 3039: 3034: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3010: 3000: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2902: 2895: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2835: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2707:, August 2013 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2542: 2539: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2395:two processes 2392: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2324: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2306:Asylum seeker 2297: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2147:1967 Protocol 2144: 2140: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2088: 2078: 2073: 2063: 2054: 2049: 2048:Urban refugee 2042:Urban refugee 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029:(such as the 2028: 2024: 2018: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1953: 1948: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1857: 1854: 1846: 1843:February 2010 1836: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1820:This section 1818: 1814: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653:Order No. 270 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1326:British India 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1238:In 1930, the 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1126: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097:Protestantism 1094: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 976: 966: 963: 959: 956: 952: 949: 945: 943: 938: 935: 929:Related terms 926: 922: 918: 915: 913: 908: 902: 897: 895: 889: 884: 882: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 838: 832: 829: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 797: 793: 789: 780: 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746: 742: 739: 735: 731: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 683:asylum seeker 680: 676: 664: 659: 657: 652: 650: 645: 644: 642: 641: 636: 633: 631: 628: 627: 626: 625: 621: 620: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 596: 595: 594: 590: 589: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 554: 553: 549: 548: 543: 540: 538: 535: 532: 528: 527:Acculturation 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 513: 512: 508: 507: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 436: 432: 431: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 411: 410: 406: 405: 401: 397: 396: 393: 390: 389: 385: 381: 380: 370: 365: 363: 358: 356: 351: 350: 348: 347: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 278: 275: 274: 273: 270: 269: 268: 267: 264: 261: 260: 253: 250: 248: 247:denaturalized 245: 244: 243: 240: 238: 235: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208:transnational 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 190: 189: 188: 185: 182: 181: 174: 173:Birth tourism 171: 170: 169: 168: 164: 162: 161: 160:Jus sanguinis 157: 153: 150: 149: 148: 145: 144: 143: 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 128: 125: 124: 116: 114: 110: 106: 104: 100: 96: 94: 90: 86: 84: 80: 76: 72: 70: 66: 61: 51: 46: 37: 33: 19: 10819:Soviet Union 10794:Ancient Rome 10651:Homelessness 10576:Upper Middle 10448: / 10429: / 10420: / 10385:Working poor 10281: 10268:Robber baron 10091:Intellectual 10081:Royal family 10045:Ancient Rome 9899:second-class 9871: 9817: 9760: 9759: / 9754: 9750:High society 9657:Elite theory 9634: 9627: 9620: 9607:Social class 9534: 9526: 9504: 9465: 9448: 9433: 9414:. Retrieved 9385: 9381: 9369:. Retrieved 9364: 9331:. Retrieved 9303:. Retrieved 9287:, retrieved 9281: 9248: 9244: 9221: 9198:the original 9182:. Retrieved 9165:. Retrieved 9133: 9129: 9100: 9096: 9059: 9055: 9039:. Retrieved 9027:the original 9015:the original 9003:the original 8998: 8983:. Retrieved 8967:. Retrieved 8962: 8950: 8938: 8914: 8902: 8879:. Retrieved 8874: 8862: 8843: 8811:(2): 103–9. 8808: 8804: 8780: 8767:. Retrieved 8750:. Retrieved 8743:the original 8738: 8719:. Retrieved 8695: 8658: 8654: 8628:(1): 81–95. 8625: 8621: 8596: 8592: 8555: 8551: 8535:. Retrieved 8530: 8515:. Retrieved 8511:the original 8492:(3): 71–93. 8489: 8485: 8460: 8438: 8426:the original 8421: 8403:. Retrieved 8371: 8367: 8330: 8326: 8313: 8302:the original 8290:Radio Prague 8289: 8274:. Retrieved 8260:the original 8213: 8209: 8193:. Retrieved 8156: 8152: 8140:. Retrieved 8124:. Retrieved 8120: 8107: 8098: 8089: 8072: 8063: 8045: 8022:. Retrieved 8012: 8000:. Retrieved 7990: 7978:. Retrieved 7968: 7956:. Retrieved 7946: 7934:. Retrieved 7924: 7912:. Retrieved 7902: 7890:. Retrieved 7880: 7868:. Retrieved 7855: 7838: 7821: 7807: 7793: 7779: 7765: 7751: 7739:. Retrieved 7730: 7721: 7709: 7697: 7690:Edwards 2016 7685: 7673: 7661:. Retrieved 7633: 7619: 7594: 7590: 7572:10419/197465 7552: 7548: 7538: 7506: 7471: 7467: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7400: 7394: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7350: 7346: 7326: 7317: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7217: 7210: 7177: 7173: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7109:. Retrieved 7105: 7096: 7079: 7073: 7065: 7025:(1): 33–51. 7022: 7018: 7008: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6897: 6893: 6887: 6878: 6872: 6860:. Retrieved 6853:the original 6840: 6810: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6746: 6736: 6724: 6712: 6687:10419/185072 6669: 6665: 6655: 6644:, retrieved 6614: 6604: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6544: 6535: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6499: 6491:The Guardian 6490: 6481: 6472: 6463: 6453:23 September 6451:. Retrieved 6447:the original 6442: 6433: 6421: 6391:(2): 40–53. 6388: 6384: 6378: 6333: 6329: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6213: 6209: 6179: 6175: 6142:(1): 25–29. 6139: 6135: 6085: 6079: 6029: 6023: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5951:. Retrieved 5924: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5770: 5767:Kriminologie 5766: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5685: 5681: 5648: 5636:. Retrieved 5631: 5622: 5610:. Retrieved 5606:the original 5596: 5584: 5580: 5572: 5560: 5548: 5538:28 September 5536:. Retrieved 5532: 5523: 5477: 5470:Higgins 2016 5465: 5433: 5419: 5405: 5393: 5366: 5354: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5306: 5294: 5282:. Retrieved 5278: 5269: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5211: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5158:. Retrieved 5154: 5101: 5097: 5087: 5075:. Retrieved 5071: 5029: 5005:. Retrieved 5001: 4992: 4980:. Retrieved 4976: 4939: 4935: 4918: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4886: 4874: 4862: 4830: 4815: 4803: 4798:, p. 2. 4791: 4783: 4768: 4756: 4744: 4732: 4725:Forced Labor 4720: 4708: 4696: 4684: 4677:Elliott 1973 4672: 4660: 4648: 4641:Naimark 1995 4636: 4624: 4616: 4601: 4589:. Retrieved 4585: 4575: 4565: 4559: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4475:. Retrieved 4471: 4462: 4450: 4427:the original 4422: 4413: 4408:, p. 1. 4406:Hassell 1991 4401: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4342: 4330: 4297: 4293: 4262: 4248: 4236: 4224:. Retrieved 4220: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4194: 4190: 4180: 4166: 4152: 4140: 4096: 4086: 4074:. Retrieved 4070:the original 4060: 4041: 4029: 4021: 4016: 3995: 3910:Open borders 3829:Emergencybnb 3424: 3387: 3368: 3334:Among them, 3333: 3326:fleeing the 3299: 3253: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3178: 3170: 3163:affirmations 3140: 3119: 3102: 3093: 3080: 3072: 3031: 3012: 2997: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964:scapegoating 2960: 2948: 2931:prostitution 2926: 2916: 2905: 2897: 2888:Exploitation 2882: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2841: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2767: 2752: 2733: 2718: 2710: 2671: 2656: 2652: 2616: 2612:Refugee Week 2609: 2603: 2570: 2567: 2554: 2535: 2509: 2491: 2467: 2445: 2429: 2426: 2411: 2388: 2350: 2345: 2333: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2136: 2120: 2117:Sadako Ogata 2109: 2090: 2075: 2060: 2051: 2020: 2017:Refugee camp 1999:Sierra Leone 1985:Refugee camp 1974: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1904:resettlement 1885: 1880:South Africa 1849: 1840: 1829:Please help 1824:verification 1821: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1760:World War II 1753: 1734: 1711: 1700: 1696: 1665: 1633:Ostarbeiters 1622: 1596: 1572:West Germany 1564:East Germany 1549: 1544:East Prussia 1531:during 1945. 1444:East Prussia 1441: 1406: 1382:created the 1373: 1362:refugees in 1346: 1296: 1284:The rise of 1283: 1259:human rights 1256: 1237: 1233:Soviet Union 1210: 1194: 1171: 1148: 1117:Russian Jews 1105:South Africa 1090: 1079:One million 1054: 1029:was sent to 1000: 987: 961: 960: 954: 953: 947: 946: 941: 939: 932: 923: 919: 916: 904: 899: 891: 886: 878: 873: 841: 834: 825: 808:World War II 801: 751: 747: 740: 733: 729: 727: 717:West Germany 713:East Germany 674: 672: 490: 451:Repatriation 318: 165: 158: 127:Legal status 87:12.4 million 56:35.3 million 39:Ethnic group 36: 10738:New Zealand 10455:Untouchable 10380:Proletariat 10370:Pea-pickers 10320:Bourgeoisie 10008:Aristocracy 9894:naturalized 9889:native-born 9388:(1): 1–22. 9289:7 September 8969:25 December 8721:18 December 8558:(1): 1–12. 8126:18 December 8037:Works cited 7714:Bassel 2012 7597:(1): 1–25. 5953:11 February 5804:Khamis 2005 5688:: 102–109. 5589:A/RES/55/76 5299:Markus 2014 5223:18 December 5160:19 December 5077:19 December 4982:19 December 4892:"Foreword." 4855:Morris 2001 4540:Gelber 1993 4477:7 September 4011:and Turkey. 3866:La Retirada 3818:Deportation 3788:10,489,800 3761:20,360,562 3758:20,445,899 3755:20,650,315 3752:21,326,917 3749:29,413,033 3522:10,111,523 3510:12,271,919 3388:An ongoing 3283:South Sudan 3279:Afghanistan 3248:South Sudan 2935:pornography 2755:Palestinian 2442:Refugee law 2277:Refugee Act 2264:57,321,197 2261:32,274,600 2227:29,429,078 2224:14,385,300 2023:governments 1936:seek asylum 1701:During the 1672:Curzon Line 1666:Poland and 1588:Berlin Wall 1460:Brandenburg 1456:Mecklenburg 1409:Curzon Line 1299:Sudetenland 1278:Sudetenland 1141:during the 1122:Balkan Wars 1051:nationalism 1043:sovereignty 1019:Middle Ages 992:Uroš Predić 783:Definitions 777:World War I 537:Persecution 456:Deportation 446:Citizenship 392:Immigration 263:Immigration 193:Citizenship 184:Nationality 107:2.4 million 97:6.8 million 73:7.0 million 10876:Population 10860:Categories 10728:Luxembourg 10618:Inequality 10283:Superclass 10074:Hereditary 10050:Post-Roman 10041:Patrician 9911:adolescent 9735:Classicide 9466:"Refugees" 9371:13 October 9062:(1): 325. 8537:13 October 8195:26 October 7678:Unhcr 2015 7663:11 January 7422:(3): 398. 7301:: 88–102. 7082:(Report). 6815:Weiss 1999 6729:Crisp 1999 6253:The Lancet 5980:(1): 325. 5723:. 104470. 5581:Resolution 5553:Lamey 2011 5398:UNHCR 2015 5104:(2): 610. 5007:3 February 4201:18 January 4093:"Refugees" 4052:References 3855:Homo sacer 3785:10,396,600 3782:10,549,700 3779:10,404,800 3776:10,498,000 3773:11,699,300 3770:14,385,300 3767:17,187,488 3764:19,941,347 3596:1,613,400 3569:2,760,771 3566:2,958,113 3563:3,000,709 3560:3,189,403 3557:8,728,098 3549:5,706,400 3519:9,892,341 3516:9,753,909 3513:9,845,603 3502:2,332,900 3475:6,775,502 3472:6,803,799 3469:7,064,848 3466:7,483,184 3463:7,545,579 3236:See also: 3026:See also: 3007:See also: 3003:Employment 2956:terrorists 2892:See also: 2849:primaquine 2832:permethrin 2806:prevalence 2793:meta-study 2725:depression 2346:officially 2258:17,670,400 2255:14,697,900 2252:14,442,200 2249:12,794,300 2221:10,498,000 2218:10,549,700 2215:10,489,800 2206:10,594,100 2203:12,129,600 2200:11,480,900 1993:A camp in 1748:See also: 1684:Ukrainians 1181:Asia Minor 973:See also: 738:Old French 711:, fleeing 294:Expatriate 147:Birthplace 138:Birthright 83:North Asia 10753:Sri Lanka 10646:Education 10613:Household 10506:Affluence 10441:Rat tribe 10403:Ant tribe 10375:Precariat 10360:Lazzaroni 10302:Bohemians 10263:Overclass 10258:Old money 10194:Spartiate 10169:Kshatriya 10159:Hashashin 10116:Professor 10057:Political 10030:Oligarchy 10020:Hanseaten 9938:Stateless 9918:Convicted 9850:By status 9813:Subaltern 9745:Euthenics 9677:New class 9402:146249937 9230:cite book 9152:0738-8942 9136:: 65–88. 8963:unhcr.org 8355:0075-8744 8347:1758-437X 8142:21 August 7741:3 October 7611:151360887 7498:145725106 7476:CiteSeerX 7276:225129140 7268:0003-0554 7202:143485932 7194:0739-3148 7156:144993061 7148:0964-4008 7041:1478-1158 7000:1020-4067 6965:153556065 6957:0305-0629 6922:144981657 6914:0141-9870 6802:211355603 6794:0022-0027 6755:1715-5673 6704:169331047 6696:0197-9183 6641:216605573 6596:233649843 6588:0003-0554 6546:USA Today 5745:203656224 5533:ohchr.org 5284:26 August 5203:1020-4067 5134:150244760 5118:0197-9183 5049:842364630 4956:146314135 4393:144090544 4385:0261-9288 4322:216204168 4314:1468-2370 4217:"Refugee" 3988:Footnotes 3593:1,628,100 3590:1,587,400 3587:1,534,400 3584:1,522,100 3581:1,152,800 3578:1,500,500 3575:2,300,833 3572:2,602,942 3546:5,620,500 3543:5,715,800 3540:5,104,100 3537:5,060,100 3534:6,317,500 3531:7,942,100 3528:8,608,597 3525:9,945,930 3499:2,300,100 3496:2,408,700 3493:2,924,100 3490:3,068,300 3487:3,377,700 3484:4,126,800 3481:5,531,693 3478:6,687,326 3379:sectarian 3375:religious 3275:Venezuela 3075:immigrant 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