Multiple citizenship

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law, a person born in Canada to parents of Italian ancestry may be born with both Canadian and Italian citizenship at birth. Canadian citizenship is automatically acquired by birth within Canada. However, that same person may also acquire Italian citizenship at birth if at least one parent's lineage traces back to an Italian citizen. The person, their parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, and great-great-grandparent may have all transmitted the Italian citizenship to the next child in the line without even knowing it. Therefore, even if the person in this case may have been four generations removed from the last Italian-born (and therefore recognized) citizen, the great-great-grandparent, he would still be born with Italian citizenship. Even though the person may not even be aware of the citizenship, it does not change the fact that he is a citizen since birth. Therefore, the second citizenship (in this case, the Italian citizenship) is "dormant" (or "hidden") due to the fact that the person does not even know he is a citizen and/or does not have official recognition from the country's government. That person would therefore have to gather all necessary documents and present them to the Italian government so that their "dormant" or "hidden" citizenship will be recognized. Once it is recognized, he will be able to do all of the things that any citizen could do, such as apply for a passport.

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nation such as military service, holding political office, or even participating in elections. In some cases, naturalization was conditional on renunciation of previous citizenship. Many nations attempted to resolve the issue of dual citizenship emanating from people born in their territory but who inherited citizenship under the laws of another nation by requiring such individuals to choose one of their nationalities upon reaching the age of maturity. The US State Department, invoking provisions of the Bancroft treaties, systematically stripped US citizenship from naturalized US citizens who returned to live in their native countries for extended periods of time. However, in the absence of multilateral cooperation regarding dual nationality, enforcement was leaky. Many individuals continued to hold dual nationality by circumstance of birth, including most children born in the US to non-citizen parents.

400:, which granted Americans the right to freely renounce their US citizenship. The UK followed suit, and starting from 1870 British subjects who naturalized as US citizens lost their British nationality. During this time, diplomatic incidents had also arisen between the US and several other European countries over their tendency to conscript naturalized US citizens visiting their former homelands. In addition, many 19th century European immigrants to the United States eventually returned to their homelands after naturalizing as US citizens and some cases then attempted to use their US citizenship for diplomatic protection. The US State Department had to decide which US citizens it should protect and which were subjected to local law, resulting in tensions with immigrant communities in the US and European governments. In 1874, President 1056:. Due to changes of the German law on dual citizenship, children of non-EU legal permanent residents can have dual citizenship if they were born and grew up in Germany (the foreign-born parents usually cannot have dual citizenship themselves). As of June 27, 2024, an Act to modernize the Nationality Act (StARModG) provides that Germany now accepts dual citizenship in all cases. German citizens no longer lose their citizenship if they acquire a foreign one and foreigners who choose to become German are no longer required to give up ties to their home country. However, the new law is not retroactive and does not automatically restore citizenship to anyone who lost it because of dual citizenship restrictions under the previous law. 2578:"If you are a U.S. citizen or resident alien residing overseas, or are in the military on duty outside the U.S., on the regular due date of your return, you are allowed an automatic 2-month extension to file your return and pay any amount due without requesting an extension. For a calendar year return, the automatic 2-month extension is to June 15. If you are unable to file your return by the automatic 2-month extension date, you can request an additional extension to October 15 by filing Form 4868 before the automatic 2-month extension date. However, any tax due payments made after June 15 will be subject to both interest charges and failure to pay penalties." (IRS, 2012) 377:

with the feudal theory of perpetual allegiance to the sovereign. This meant that people could hold multiple citizenships, with none of their nations recognizing any other of their citizenships. Until the early modern era, when levels of migration were insignificant, this was not a serious issue. However, when non-trivial levels of migration began, this state of affairs sometimes led to international incidents, with countries of origin refusing to recognize the new nationalities of natives who had migrated, and, when possible, conscripting natives who had naturalized as citizens of another country into military service. The most notable example was the

2900:, Republic Act No. 9225, approved 29 August 2003, provided that natural-born citizens of the Philippines who had lost their Philippine citizenship by reason of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country would be deemed to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking an oath of allegiance to the Republic, that their children whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted, below eighteen years of age, shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines, and that natural born citizens of the Philippines who become citizens of a foreign country subsequent to its enactment would retain their Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath. 2575:(AMT) from tax treaties that protect double taxation. In its current format even if U.S. citizens are paying income taxes at a rate of 56%, far above the maximum U.S. marginal tax rate, the citizen can be subject to US taxes because the calculation of the AMT does not allow full deduction for taxes paid to a foreign country. Other regulations such as the post date of foreign mailed tax returns are not recognized and can result in penalties for late filing if they arrive at the IRS later than the filing date. However, the filing date for overseas citizens has a two-month automatic extension to June 15. 3061:

to local citizens only. Immigrants from another EU or EFTA country can be refused welfare benefits. Welfare fraud may result in deportation. Economically inactive EU citizens who want to stay longer than three months in another Member State have to fulfill the condition of having health insurance and "sufficient resources" in order not to become an "unreasonable burden" for the social assistance system of the host Member State, which otherwise can legitimately expel them. For consular protection in non-EU/non-EFTA countries, immigrants must contact the embassy of the country of their

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international law, tribunals dealing with questions involving dual nationality must determine the effective nationality of the dual national by determining to which nation the individual has more of a "genuine link". Unlike dual nationality, one may only be the effective national of a single nation, and different factors are taken into consideration to determine effective nationality, including habitual residence, family ties, financial and economic ties, cultural integration, participation in public life, armed forces service, and evidence of sentiment of national allegiance.

1255:, which stops just short of full dual citizenship and is, in all aspects, like permanent residency. Such overseas citizens are exempt from the rule forbidding dual citizenship; they may not vote, run for office, join the army, or take up government posts, though these evolving principles are subject to revolving political discretions for those born in India with birthrights. Moreover, people who have acquired citizenship in Pakistan or Bangladesh are not eligible for overseas citizenship. Indian citizens do not need a visa to travel to and work in Nepal or Bhutan (and 2734:. There are problems regarding dual citizenship in Namibia. Eritreans, Egyptians, and South Africans wanting to take another citizenship need permission to maintain their citizenship, though multiple citizenship acquired from birth is not affected. Eritrea taxes its citizens worldwide, even if they have never lived in the country. Equatorial Guinea does not allow dual citizenship, but it is allowed for children born abroad, if at least one parent is a citizen of Equatorial Guinea. Tanzania and Cameroon do not allow dual citizenship. 522:; this was subjected to restrictions from 1983. These laws may create situations where a person may satisfy the citizenship requirements of more than one country simultaneously. This would, in the absence of laws of one country or the other, allow the person to hold multiple citizenships. National laws may include criteria as to the circumstances, if any, in which a person may concurrently hold another citizenship. A country may withdraw its own citizenship if a person acquires a citizenship of another country, for example: 511: 2251:(DoD) Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) office of Industrial Security Clearance Review (ISCR), which decides cases involving security clearances for Contractor personnel doing classified work for all DoD components. In one such case, an administrative judge ruled that it is not clearly consistent with US national interest to grant a request for a security clearance to an applicant who was a dual national of the U.S. and Ireland, despite the fact that it has with good relations with the US. In 408:, decried the phenomenon of people "claiming the benefit of citizenship, while living in a foreign country, contributing in no manner to the performance of the duties of a citizen of the United States, and without intention at any time to return and undertake those duties, to use the claims to citizenship of the United States simply as a shield from the performance of the obligations of a citizen elsewhere." The US government negotiated agreements with various European states known as the 1398: 1134:

passport of another country to the border guards is not forbidden and there are no penalties in the law. If the citizen does so, he is going to be treated as a citizen of another country. However, when the border guards find out, that the person has also Polish citizenship, they are going to treat him as a Polish citizen only and he is not going to be able to leave (or enter) Poland only using his foreign passport. Since then, he is obliged to show them his Polish passport.

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country. In other words, the country "does not recognize" that the person has any other citizenship for the purposes of the country's laws. In particular, citizens of a country may not be permitted to use another country's passport or travel documents to enter or leave the country, or be entitled to consulate assistance from the other country. Also, the dual national may be subject to compulsory military service in countries where they are considered to be nationals.

2040:. They assert that the fact that a second citizenship can be obtained without giving anything up (such as the loss of public benefits, welfare, healthcare, retirement funds, and job opportunities in the country of origin in exchange for citizenship in a new country) both trivializes what it means to be a citizen and nullifies the consequential, transformational, and psychological change that occurs in an individual when they go through the naturalization process. 10528: 9243: 1942:

granting special privileges, (b) affects their expectations about privileges in the decision-making process, and (c) eases the transaction process and reduces costs and risks, for example in the case of investing and conducting business. In addition, a dual legal status can have positive effects on diasporic identification and commitment to causes in the homeland, as well as to a higher naturalization rate of immigrants in their countries of residence.

22: 1956: 1229:) to ethnic Poles who can prove they have Polish ancestors and knowledge of the Polish language and declare their Polish ethnicity in written form. Holders of the Card are not regarded as citizens, but enjoy some privileges other foreigners do not, e.g. entry visa, right to work, education, or healthcare in Poland. As stated above, Poland currently has no specific laws on dual citizenship; second citizenship is tolerated, but not recognized. 2995: 1315: 1156: 935: 907:) even if the parents are not legally present. For example, a child born in the US to Austrian parents automatically has dual citizenship with the US and Austria, even though Austria usually restricts or forbids dual citizenship. There are exceptions, such as the child of a foreign diplomat living in the US. Such a child would be eligible to become a lawful permanent resident, but not a citizen, based on the US birth.This has led to 2650:, 12 April 1930. The protocol states "A person possessing two or more nationalities who habitually resides in one of the countries whose nationality he possesses, and who is in fact most closely connected with that country, shall be exempt from all military obligations in the other country or countries. This exemption may involve the loss of the nationality of the other country or countries." The protocol has several provisions. 1816:. Such citizenship does not replace the member state's citizenship, but is additive in nature, generally conferring rights under EU law and guaranteeing fair treatment broadly equivalent to the treatment a member state's own citizen would receive. However, member states can restrict certain rights, such as voting in national elections and holding specific public roles, to their own citizens. EU citizens can 2564:(in 2020, this was increased to US$ 107,600). This exemption, plus the credit for foreign taxes paid mentioned above, often results in no U.S. taxes being owed, although a U.S. tax return would still have to be filed. In instances where the Australian tax was less than the U.S. tax, and where there was income that could not be exempted from U.S. tax, the U.S. would expect any tax due to be paid. 4771:, 47 (13 June 2023) ("It is declared that s 6(1)(a) of the South African Citizenship Act 88 of 1995 is inconsistent with the Constitution and is invalid from its promulgation on 6 October 1995. It is further declared that those citizens who lost their citizenship by operation of s 6(1)(a) of the South African Citizenship Act 88 of 1995 are deemed not to have lost their citizenship."). 1007:, 15 members of Parliament were found to have been ineligible for election due to holding another citizenship, although most had not been aware of the fact. In many instances, the affected members of Parliament subsequently renounced any other citizenships, before contesting again in subsequent by-elections (that were triggered by their own prior ineligibility) or general elections. 1915:. The United Kingdom allows non-nationals who are Commonwealth citizens to vote and stand for election while resident there, while most other Commonwealth countries make little or no distinction between citizens of other Commonwealth nations and citizens of non-Commonwealth nations. Notably Commonwealth citizenship no longer imparts a right of residence in the UK. 561:) or a legal permanent resident who has lived in the country for several years. In the majority of such countries—for example, in Canada—children born to diplomats and under people outside the jurisdiction of the soil are not granted citizenship at birth. It is usually conferred automatically on the children once one of the parents obtain citizenship. 2777:. To obtain Colombian nationality at birth, a person must have at least one parent who is a national or legal resident of Colombia. A child born outside Colombia who has at least one Colombian parent can be registered as a Colombian national by birth, either upon returning to Colombia (for residents) or at a consulate abroad (for non-residents). 2556:

because Australia taxes its residents, and he would be subject to U.S. taxation because he holds U.S. citizenship. In general, he would be allowed to subtract the Australian income tax he paid from the U.S. tax that would be due. In addition, the U.S. will allow some parts of foreign income to be exempt from taxation; for instance, in 2018 the

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2014 or to automatically revoke the Ukrainian one upon obtaining another in 2017 have been submitted, but none had been made law. As of 2021, the bill being worked on aims to allow multiple citizenships as long as they are reported and such citizens do not work in governments. Dual citizenships are planned to be fully established with the

2599:) that consular officials abroad may not have access to their citizens if they also hold local citizenship. Some countries provide access for consular officials as a matter of courtesy but do not accept any obligation to do so under international consular agreements. The right of countries to act in this fashion is protected via the 2044:

is no longer beneficial. Proponents argue that dual citizenship can actually encourage political activity providing an avenue for immigrants who are unwilling to forsake their country of origin either out of loyalty or due to a feeling of separation from the mainstream society because of language, culture, religion, or ethnicity.

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of international law to one nation that holds their primary national allegiance, while any other nationalities are subordinate. The theory of dominant and effective nationality emerged as early as 1834. Customary international law and precedent have since recognized the idea of dominant and effective nationality, with the

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country as its citizen, who may be required by the laws of this country to use the corresponding passports for foreign travel (such as a child born in the United States to Indian parents). Indian courts have given the executive branch wide discretion over this matter. The OCI does not grant political rights to the holder.

452:, the American diplomat who would later go on to negotiate the first of the Bancroft treaties, which were named for him, stated in 1849 that nations should "as soon tolerate a man with two wives as a man with two countries; as soon bear with polygamy as that state of double allegiance." In 1915, former US President 2422:

citizenship. However, if that other citizenship cannot be reasonably revoked (for example, if it is impossible under the laws of the other country or impossible in practice because it requires an extremely difficult revocation process), then that person will not be disqualified from sitting in Parliament. In the

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countries have varying policies regarding dual citizenship. Under EU rules, a citizen of one EU or EFTA country can live and work indefinitely in the other EU and EFTA countries. However, countries can limit the right to vote and work in certain sensitive fields (such as government, police, military)

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allows dual citizenship for citizens by birth or for its own citizens but do not permit foreign applicants for naturalization to retain their prior citizenship unless they are senior professionals or have made outstanding contributions to Taiwan. This restriction does not apply to Hong Kong and Macau

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allows any foreign-born person meeting income, language, culture, and domicile conditions to become a naturalized citizen. It also allows foreign-born nationals who married to a Korean citizen, Korean men holding dual citizenship by birth who served in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces as compulsory

2791:. The only requirement for citizens with dual nationality to enter Venezuelan territory is to present documents proving their Venezuelan nationality (even if they have expired). Venezuelans who possess dual citizenship have the same rights and duties as Venezuelans who do not possess dual citizenship. 2675:

The potential issues that dual nationality can pose in international affairs have long been recognized, and as a result, international law recognizes the concept of "dominant and effective nationality", under which a dual national will hold only one dominant and effective nationality for the purposes

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In effect, this approach argues that the self-centered taking of an additional citizenship contradicts what it means to be a citizen, in that it becomes a convenient and painless means of attaining improved economic opportunity without any real consequences and can just as easily be discarded when it

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Turkey requires Turkish citizens who apply for another nationality to inform Turkish officials (the nearest Turkish embassy or consulate abroad) and provide the original naturalization certificate, Turkish birth certificate, marriage certificate (if applicable) and two photographs. Dual nationals are

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renouncing all prior "allegiance and fidelity" to any other nation or sovereignty as part of the naturalization ceremony. However, some countries do not recognise one of its citizens renouncing their citizenship. Effectively, the person in question may still possess both citizenships, notwithstanding

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The theory of perpetual allegiance largely fell out of favor with governments during the late 19th century. With the consensus of the time being that dual citizenship would only lead to diplomatic problems, more governments began prohibiting it and revoking the nationality of citizens holding another

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as a national or citizen of that country. There is no international convention that determines the nationality or citizenship status of a person, which is consequently determined exclusively under national laws, that often conflict with each other, thus allowing for multiple citizenship situations to

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in Germany (the parents born and grown up abroad must have resided in Germany for at least eight years and must have had the legal-permanent-resident status for at least three years). Children born to foreigners in Germany after June 27, 2024 will automatically be granted citizenship if at least one

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Most countries in the Americas allow dual citizenship, some only for citizens by descent or with other countries, usually also in the region with which they have agreements. Some countries (e.g., Argentina, Bolivia) do not allow their citizens to renounce their citizenship, so they keep it even when

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Many countries, even those that permit multiple citizenship, do not explicitly recognise multiple citizenship under their laws: individuals are treated either as citizens of that country or not, and their citizenship with respect to other countries is considered to have no bearing. This can mean (in

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in another member state indefinitely. In exceptional cases, a member state may deport or deny entry to citizens of other EU states. Temporary transitional restrictions on free movement rights for citizens of newly admitted states may be imposed for up to 2 years, extendable by an additional 3 years,

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The "dormant citizenship" exists, for example, in Spain: Spanish citizens who have naturalized in an Iberoamerican country and have kept their Spanish citizenship are dual citizens, but have lost many of the rights of Spanish citizens resident in Spain—and hence the EU—until they move back to Spain.

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does not permit dual citizenship or dual nationality, except for minors where the second nationality was involuntarily acquired. Indian authorities interpreted this to mean a person cannot have another country's passport while simultaneously holding an Indian one, even for a child claimed by another

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did not permit multiple nationalities and for such a person, the nationality was stripped after that person becoming the age of 22. Since 2011, a person can hold multiple nationalities if he or she has multiple nationalities by birthright (i.e. not by naturalization) and explicitly takes an oath not

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countries, is not sufficient to cause the loss of Spanish nationality by birth. Spain has dual citizenship treaties with Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela; Spaniards residing in

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According to Article 4 of Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs, defines Hong Kong residents are persons who qualify for permanent residency in Hong Kong and do not hold a travel document other than HKSAR passport or BN(O) passport; Macau residents are persons who qualify for

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Switzerland allows dual citizenship, but the conditions for the naturalization of foreigners vary from canton to canton. Male Swiss citizens under the age of 25, including male dual citizens, are required to perform military or civilian service (women can do it voluntarily), and Swiss citizens (men

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In Slovakia, dual citizenship is permitted to Slovak citizens who acquire a second citizenship by birth or through marriage; and to foreign nationals who apply for Slovak citizenship and meet the requirements of the Citizenship Act. Please note that after the 'Hungarian-Slovak citizenship conflict'

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Cyprus has been divided into a southern (Greek) and northern (Turkish) region since the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus on July 20, 1974. Northern Cyprus is not generally recognized by the international community as a sovereign state. The United Nations considers the declaration of independence

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is a condition disqualifying one from security clearance and "is not mitigated by reasons of personal convenience, safety, requirements of foreign law, or the identity of the foreign country" as is explicitly clarified in a Department of Defense policy memorandum which defines a guideline requiring

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Qualitative research on the effect of dual citizenship on the remittances, diaspora investments, return migration, naturalization and political behavior finds several ways in which multiple citizenship can affect these categories. As a bundle of rights, dual citizenship (a) enables dual citizens by

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member state (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) can live and work in other member states, but dual citizenship (even with another GCC state) is not allowed. In 2021, UAE approved amendments in the Emirati Nationality Law to allow investors, professionals, special

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Overseas citizenship of India (OCI): The Indian government introduced OCI in 2005. The OCI is applicable to people who fall in the category of Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and migrated from India acquiring citizenship of a foreign country apart from Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are eligible for

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Changes in the political status of a nation can render its people involuntary holders of citizenship from multiple countries.For example, if a belligerent state were to successfully invade another sovereign nation, seize and occupy that nation's territory by force, control the movement of people in

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Some countries may take measures to avoid creation of multiple citizenship. Since a country has control only over who has its citizenship but has no control over who has any other country's citizenship, the only way for a country to avoid multiple citizenship is to deny its citizenship to people in

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Schuck, Peter H. 2002. Plural Citizenship. In: Randall Hansen, and Patrick Weil (eds.), Dual Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the U.S. and Europe, New York: Berghahn Books, p. 82; United Nations. 2006. International migration and development. Report of the Secretary-General at

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currently does not recognise dual citizenship, while not explicitly banning it. Citizens of Ukraine who hold multiple nationalities are only recognized as Ukrainian on Ukrainian soil, and their other citizenships are ignored. In the past, bills to criminalize the act of holding two citizenships in

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can have dual citizenship; Spanish laws recognize a "dormant citizenship" for citizens naturalizing in Iberoamerican countries. They do not lose their citizenship, but their status and their rights as citizens of Spain—and of the EU—are inactive until they move back to Spain. Foreigners wanting to

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Germany allows dual citizenship without restrictions as of June 27, 2024. Prior to that date, it was allowed in the following cases: with other EU countries and Switzerland; with other countries with special permission or if obtained at birth; children of non-EU/non-Swiss legal permanent residents

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Dual citizenship is allowed in Angola, Burundi, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe; others restrict or forbid

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web page on dual nationality contains the information that most US citizens, including dual nationals, must use a US passport to enter and leave the United States. Under the terms of the South African Citizenship Act, it is an offence for someone aged at least 18 with South African citizenship and

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Still, there are cases in which a person with multiple citizenship will owe tax solely on the basis of holding one such citizenship. For example, consider a person who holds both Australian and United States citizenship, and lives and works in Australia. He would be subject to Australian taxation,

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retrospectively amended the Act, thus enabling Duynhoven to retain his seat. The amendment, nicknamed "Harry's Law", was passed by a majority of 61 votes to 56. The revised Act allows exceptions to Section 55 on the grounds of an MP's country/place of birth, descent, or renewing a foreign passport

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in the United States. As a matter of fact, if a security clearance applicant's dual citizenship is "based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in a foreign country", that can be a mitigating condition. However, taking advantage of the entitlements of a non-US citizenship can cause problems. For

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A statement that a country "does not recognize" multiple citizenship is confusing and ambiguous. Often, it is simply a restatement of the Master Nationality Rule, whereby a country treats a person who is a citizen of both that country and another in the same way as one who is a citizen only of the

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Turkey allows its citizens to have dual citizenship if they inform the authorities before acquiring the second citizenship (see above), and former Turkish citizens who have given up their Turkish citizenship (for example, because they have naturalized in a country that usually does not permit dual

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to acquire Spanish citizenship. On the other hand, foreign nationals who acquire Spanish nationality must relinquish their previous nationality, unless they are natural-born citizens of an Iberoamerican country, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea or Portugal even if these countries do not

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these countries or territories do not lose their rights as Spaniards if they adopt that nationality. For all other countries, Spanish citizenship is lost three years after the acquisition of the foreign citizenship unless the individual declares officially their will to retain Spanish citizenship (

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rulings permitted Americans born with citizenship in another country to keep it without losing their US citizenship. Most nations revoked the nationality of their citizens who naturalized in another nation, as well as if they displayed significant evidence of political or social loyalty to another

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surrounded by EU countries (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City) are not EU or EFTA members, and only Vatican City grants (time-limited) dual citizenship (see above). Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino forbid it. In 2015, however, only 21.6% of the inhabitants of Monaco were citizens. Note

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Under Spanish tax law, Spanish nationals and companies still have tax obligations with Spain if they move to a country that is in the list of tax havens and cannot justify a strong reason, besides tax evasion. They are required to be residents of that country for a minimum of 5 years; after which

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Another example of "dormant citizenship" (or "hidden citizenship") occurs when a person is automatically born a citizen of another country without officially being recognized. In many cases, the person may even be unaware that he holds multiple citizenship. For example, due to Italy's nationality

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country who meet local residency requirements are eligible to vote in elections and run for parliament, with one complicated caveat. Each of those countries has a provision barring anyone who "is by virtue of his own act, under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign

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offer citizenship by investment programs. Most of these countries grant citizenship immediately, provided that due diligence is passed, without a requirement for any physical presence in the country. Malta requires one year of residency before citizenship can be given. Portugal offers a permanent

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Up until the late 19th century, nations often decided whom they claimed as their citizens or subjects and did not recognize any other nationalities they held. Many states did not recognize the right of their citizens to renounce their citizenship without permission due to policies that originated

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another citizenship to enter or depart the Republic of South Africa using the passport of another country. Individuals who possess multiple citizenships, may also be required, before leaving a country of citizenship, to fulfill requirements ordinarily required of its resident citizens, including

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The United States is an immigrant nation. As immigration is primarily directed at family reunification and refugee status rather than education and job skills, the pool of candidates tends to be poorer, less educated, and consistently from less stable countries (either non-democracies or fragile

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EU/EFTA citizens can enter and reside for an unlimited period without a visa in Overseas France. They may use their national identity card instead of their passport as a travel document to enter any French territory. They may also work freely in the parts of Overseas France that are part of the

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Within the EU, mandatory military service exists, at least in peacetime, only in Austria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, and Greece (In all countries but Cyprus, alternative service is available). Within the EFTA countries, only Switzerland requires it (alternative service is available); Iceland and

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defines effective nationality as a "legal bond having as its basis a social fact of attachment, a genuine connection of existence, interests and sentiments, together with the existence of reciprocal rights and duties". International tribunals have adopted and used the principle. Under customary

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A person with multiple citizenship may have a tax liability to his country of residence and also to one or more of his countries of citizenship; or worse, if unaware that one of his citizenships created a tax liability, that country may consider the person to be a tax evader. Many countries and

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Citizenship: a country may tax the worldwide income of its citizens, regardless of whether they reside in that country or whether the income was sourced there (as of 2012: only the United States and Eritrea). A few other countries tax based on citizenship in limited situations: Finland, France,

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The United States is a "civic" nation and not an "ethnic" nation. American citizenship is not based on belonging to a particular ethnicity but on political loyalty to American democracy and values. Regimes based on ethnicity, which support the doctrine of perpetual allegiance as one is always a

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Until June 26, 2024, Germany restricted dual citizenship. Since August 2007, in cases of naturalization, Germany accepted dual citizenship if the other citizenship was either one of an EU member country or Swiss citizenship so that permission was not required anymore in these cases, and in some

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Perd la nationalité française le Français qui, occupant un emploi dans une armée ou un service public étranger ou dans une organisation internationale dont la France ne fait pas partie ou plus généralement leur apportant son concours, n'a pas résigné son emploi ou cessé son concours nonobstant

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In Latvia, since October 1, 2013 dual citizenship has been allowed for citizens of member countries of the EU, NATO and EFTA ; citizens of Australia, Brazil, and New Zealand; citizens of the counties that have mutual recognition of dual citizenship with Latvia; people who were granted the dual

2747:, i.e. a child born there is regarded as a citizen even if the parents are not. Some countries, such as the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uruguay, allow renunciation of citizenship only if it was involuntarily acquired by birth to non-citizen parents. 2443:

applied to renew his citizenship of the Netherlands. Duynhoven, the New Zealand-born son of a Dutch-born father, had possessed dual citizenship from birth but had temporarily lost his Dutch citizenship due to a 1995 change in Dutch law regarding non-residents. While New Zealand's Electoral Act

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member of the ethnic nation, are not concerned with assimilating non-ethnics since they can never become true citizens. In contrast, the essence of a civic nation makes it imperative that immigrants assimilate into the greater whole as there is not an "ethnic" cohesiveness uniting the populace.

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have local legislation restricting certain employment and housing rights to those with "local status". Although the British citizenship of people from these islands gives them full citizenship rights when in the United Kingdom, it did not give them the rights that British citizenship generally

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Some countries have concluded treaties regulating travel and access to employment: A citizen of an EU country can live and work indefinitely in other EU countries and the four EFTA countries, and citizens of the EFTA countries can live and work in EU countries. Such EU citizens can vote in EU

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In Poland a Polish citizen, who is a dual national of another country, is legally treated in the same way as a Polish citizen with one nationality. He cannot exercise additional rights and duties that come from his second citizenship in relation to the Polish government. However, submitting a

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in New Zealand, dual citizens may be elected to Parliament, but MPs once elected may not voluntarily become a citizen of another country, or take any action to have their foreign nationality recognised such as applying for a foreign passport. However, the only person to recently violate this,

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held by the Pope, cardinals residing in Vatican City, active members of the Holy See's diplomatic service, and other directors of Vatican offices and services. Vatican citizenship is lost when the term of office comes to an end, and children cannot inherit it from their parents. Since Vatican

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Poland does not deal with the issue of dual citizenship, but possession of another citizenship is tolerated since there are no penalties for its possession alone. However, penalties do exist for exercising foreign citizenship, such as identifying oneself to Polish authorities using a foreign

2859:

since 1 July 1997 and 20 December 1999 respectively. Hong Kong and Macau residents who are Chinese citizens holding foreign passports must make a declaration of change of nationality to the HKSAR Immigration Department or MSAR Identification Services Bureau in order to be regarded as foreign

2662:

service is often discussed in relation to immigration but is a non-issue as far as nationality is concerned. The right to use public health services may be conditioned on nationality and/or on legal residency. For example, anyone legally resident and employed in the UK is entitled to use the

1122:

Pakistan allows dual citizenship on an inclusionary basis since 1951 with 20 countries: Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, the United Kingdom, and the United

2071:

The study also noted that although dual nationality is likely to disconnect immigrants from the American political system and impede assimilation, the initial signs suggest that these effects seem to be limited almost exclusively to the first generation (although it is mentioned that a full

2421:

also ruled that dual citizenship on its own would not be enough to disqualify someone from validly sitting in Parliament. The individual circumstances of the non-Australian citizenship must be looked at although the person must make a reasonable effort to renounce his or her non-Australian

2469:

had been naturalized US citizens prior to assuming their offices. Both have renounced their US citizenships: Ilves in 1993 and Adamkus in 1998. This was necessary because neither individual's new country permits retention of a former citizenship. Adamkus was a high-ranking official in the

1268:

status to foreigners deemed eligible. This status generally authorises a person to live and work in the issuing country indefinitely. There is not always any right to vote in the host country, and there may be other restrictions (no consular protection) and rights (not subject to military

2263:

fleet, as well as posts requiring high security clearances, require candidates to renounce any other citizenship before joining, though the number of units making such demands has declined. In many combat units, candidates are required to declare but not renounce any foreign citizenship.

1141:, but when being in one of the country they are citizen of, the plural-national is not allowed to request French consular help. For example, a citizen of both France and Italy, they cannot request help from French consulate in Italy and they cannot request Italian consular help in France. 756:

without any residency restrictions, or was legally resident on the island of Ireland for 3 out of the 4 years immediately before their birth (excluding residence on a student visa, awaiting an international protection decision or residence under a declaration of subsidiary protection).

718:

recognizes a renunciation of citizenship only if it is done with competent UK authorities. Consequently, British citizens naturalized in the US remain British citizens in the eyes of the UK government even after they renounce British allegiance to the satisfaction of US authorities.

1588:

have the right to buy property and set up a business on Åland, but Finns without regional citizenship cannot. Finns can get Ålandic citizenship after living on the islands for five years, and Ålanders lose their regional citizenship after living on the Finnish mainland for five

492:. The number of states allowing multiple citizenships further increased after a treaty in Europe requiring signatories to limit dual citizenship lapsed in the 1990s, and countries with high emigration rates began permitting it to maintain links with their respective diasporas. 1030:

power or state" (to quote a representative provision from the constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) from becoming a member of parliament. The precise meaning of those provisions is disputed and is the subject of separate ongoing legal disputes in the countries.

3328:

identification document. Dual citizens are usually not exempted from their duties as Polish citizens such as entering/leaving Poland using a Polish passport or Polish ID card. Under some circumstances, ethnic Poles can apply for the "Polish Card" . (see below) (See also

3254:

citizenship by the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia; people who have applied for dual citizenship before the previous Latvian Citizenship law ; ethnic Latvians or Livonians who registered Latvian citizenship can keep previous citizenships with any country. (See also

3369:

naturalize in Spain must usually renounce their old citizenship; exceptions are made for citizens of some Iberoamerican countries, Puerto Rico, Andorra, France, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and Portugal. Since 2014, Spain has granted Spanish nationality to

701:

Once a country bestows citizenship, it may or may not consider a voluntary renunciation of that citizenship to be valid. In the case of naturalization, some countries require applicants for naturalization to renounce their former citizenship. For example, the US

3163:

left the EC in 1985, but Greenlanders are considered EU citizens. In practice, citizens of Faroe Islands and Greenland can choose between local and "European" passports and can become "full" EU citizens by moving to and living permanently in Denmark. (See also

2806:

Most countries in Asia restrict or forbid dual citizenship. In some of these countries (e.g. Iran, North Korea, Kuwait), it is very difficult or even impossible for citizens to renounce their citizenship, even if a citizen is naturalized in another country.

1216:

Many countries allow foreigners or former citizens to live and work indefinitely there. However, for voting, being voted and working for the public sector or the national security in a country, citizenship of the country concerned is almost always required.

396:, as the British authorities considered them to be British subjects. This outraged many Irish-Americans, to which the UK responded by pointing out that, just like British law, US law also recognized perpetual allegiance. As a result, Congress passed the 473:

However, the consensus against dual nationality began to erode due to changes in social mores and attitudes. By the late 20th century, it was becoming gradually accepted again. Many states were lifting restrictions on dual citizenship. For example, the

887:

Some countries automatically bestow citizenship on a person whose parent holds that country's citizenship. If they have different citizenships or are multiple citizens themselves, the child may gain multiple citizenships, depending on whether and how

2233:

In the United States, dual citizenship is associated with two categories of security concerns: foreign influence and foreign preference. Contrary to common misconceptions, dual citizenship in itself is not the major problem in obtaining or retaining

2500:

liability. Almost all countries that impose tax normally base tax liability on source or residency. A very small number of countries tax their non-resident citizens on foreign income; examples include the United States, Eritrea, and the Philippines

570:). Some countries routinely give citizenship to spouses of its citizens or may shorten the time for naturalization but only in a few countries is citizenship granted on the wedding day (e.g., Iran). Some countries have regulations against so-called 3234:

Ireland allows and encourages dual citizenship, but a naturalized citizen can lose Irish citizenship again when naturalized in another country; Ireland was the last European country to abolish unconditional birthright citizenship in order to stop

3065:, not the one of their guest country (exception: In countries where there is no embassy of their home country, citizens of an EU country have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.) 915:

or restricted it (i.e., at least one parent must be a citizen or a legal, permanent resident who has lived in the country for several years). Some countries forbid their citizens to renounce their citizenship or try to discourage them from doing

6395: 1376:

Some countries offer former citizens or citizens of former colonies of the country a simplified (re-)naturalization process. Depending on the laws of the two countries in question, dual citizenship may or may not be allowed. For details, see "

2536:. It has been reported that some US citizens have relinquished US citizenship in order to avoid possible taxes, the expense and complexity of compliance, or because they have been deemed unacceptable to financial institutions in the wake of 4768: 2140:

model grants immigrants access to citizenship and to equal rights without demanding that they give up cultural, linguistic, or intermarriage restrictions or otherwise pressure them to integrate or inter-mix with the mainstream population.

325:

A person holding multiple citizenship is, generally, entitled to the rights of citizenship in each country whose citizenship they are holding (such as right to a passport, right to enter the country, right to work, right to own property,

2153:

and the United States have historically taken this approach, as exemplified by the fact that the United States has no official language, allowing official documents such as election ballots to be printed in a variety of languages. (See

2836:

for children born to legal permanent residents born in Cambodia or to children whose parents are unknown. In 2021 Cambodia banned dual citizenship for prime minister, presidents of the National Assembly, Senate and the Constitutional

6088:

L'intéressé sera, par décret en Conseil d'Etat, déclaré avoir perdu la nationalité française si, dans le délai fixé par l'injonction, délai qui ne peut être inférieur à quinze jours et supérieur à deux mois, il n'a pas mis fin à son

4987:

According to The Indian Citizenship Act, 1955, Persons of Indian Origin are not allowed to have dual citizenship. If an individual holding an Indian passport acquires a passport from another country, they must surrender their Indian

2267:

On the other hand, Israel may view some dual citizens as desirable candidates for its security services due to their ability to legitimately enter neighbouring states which are closed to Israeli passport holders. The related case of

1604:, a lifelong supporter of independence, won a successful court victory that validated his claim that Puerto Rican citizenship was valid and can be claimed by anyone born on the island or with at least one parent who was born there. 1439:

Some countries are more open to multiple citizenship than others, as it may help citizens travel and conduct business overseas. Countries that have taken active steps towards permitting multiple citizenship in recent years include

2867:

military service, Korean women with multiple nationalities by birth who have vowed their intention not to exercise their foreign nationality in the Republic of Korea by the age of 22, and overseas Koreans at least 65 years of age.

4750:

a South African citizen shall cease to be a South African citizen if he or she, whilst not being a minor, by some voluntary and formal act other than marriage, acquires the citizenship or nationality of a country other than the

5175: 3133:

recognises Northern Cyprus as territory of the Republic of Cyprus under Turkish occupation. Turkey permits Citizens of Northern Cyprus to live and work in Turkey under the same requirements as Turkish citizens and provides an

2092:

The differential exclusionary model, which accepts immigrants as temporary "guestworkers" but is highly restrictive with regard to other forms of immigration and to naturalisation of immigrants. Many countries in Asia such as

2346:

head of state and commander-in-chief of the Canadian forces. The French embassy released a statement that this law would not be enforced because the Governor General is essentially a ceremonial figurehead. Nevertheless, Jean

3226:

Hungary allows dual citizenship; grants dual citizenship to people living in, and having ancestors in territories which were annexed from Hungary at the end of World War I, provided they can still speak Hungarian. (See also

532:). Historically, citizenship was traced through the father, but, today, most countries permit the tracing through either parent and some also through a grandparent. Today, the citizenship laws of most countries are based on 744:, anyone born on the island of Ireland was entitled to Irish citizenship automatically. Since 24 June 2004 Irish citizenship has been granted to anyone born on the island of Ireland who has one, or both, parents who; are 5682:

Staton, Jeffrey K. (Florida State University); Jackson, Robert A. (Florida State University); Camache, Damaryas (University of Illinois): "Costly Citizenship, Dual Nationality Institutions, Naturalization, and Political

1371:

in the other country are "inactive". They will be "reactivated" when they move back to live permanently in the other country. This means, in spite of dual citizenship, only one citizenship can be exercised at a time.

3171:

Nationals of Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) are free to enter, reside and work in the Faroe Islands and Greenland; citizens of other EU/EFTA countries can visit them visa-free for 90

7821: 2280:

This perception of dual loyalty can apply even when the job in question does not require security clearance. In the United States, dual citizenship is common among politicians or government employees. For example,

464:, and when he contacted the State Department for assurances that "my constitutional privileges as an American citizen follow me wherever I go", he was informed that France would regard him as a citizen under its 3201:

European Union (overseas departments and regions, and Saint Martin), but those who are not nationals of France need a permit to work in other parts such as French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Wallis and Futuna.

6707: 2374:, holds dual citizenship with France as a result of his mother's nationality; Dion nonetheless indicated a willingness to renounce French citizenship if a significant number of Canadians viewed it negatively. 2874:

residents who do not possess a foreign nationality. Naturalised citizens may apply for resumption of their original citizenship following renunciation and granting of Republic of China (Taiwan) citizenship.

2120:

model, which accepts that immigrants obtain citizenship, but on the condition that they give up some or all cultural, linguistic, or social characteristics that differ from those of the majority population.

2448:

taking office would forfeit his/her seat. This was regarded by many as a technicality, however; and Duynhoven, with his large electoral majority, was almost certain to re-enter Parliament in the event of a

1269:

conscription). Permanent residents may usually apply for citizenship after several years of residency. Depending both on the home country and the guest country, dual citizenship may or may not be permitted.

2963:

classification was merged with OCI in 2015. However, OCIs do not have the right to vote, stand in an election or get government jobs, but they can invest in the country and purchase farmland (agricultural

2410:) determined that the UK is a foreign power for purposes of this section of the constitution, despite Australia holding a common nationality with it at the time that the Constitution was written, and that 443:

Although fully eliminating dual nationality proved to be legally impossible during this time, it was subjected to fierce condemnation and social shaming. It was framed as disloyalty and widely compared to

2047:

A 2007 academic study concluded that dual citizens had a negative effect on the assimilation and political connectedness of first-generation Latino immigrants to the United States, finding dual citizens:

433: 4389: 3520:

Albania, Belarus, Kosovo,, North Macedonia, Moldova, Russia and Serbia allow dual citizenship; in Russia, if the person resides within its territory, they must report their foreign citizenships to the

737:, which consists of 6 of the 9 counties of the Irish province of Ulster, and is part of the United Kingdom. People in Northern Ireland are therefore "entitled to Irish, British, or both" citizenships. 2847:

allow dual citizenship for citizens by birth but do not permit applicants for naturalization to retain their prior citizenship. However, there is no such thing as Hong Kong and Macau citizenship. The

2244:

that "any clearance be denied or revoked unless the applicant surrenders the foreign passport or obtains official permission for its use from the appropriate agency of the United States Government".

7429:"TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ HÜKÜMETİ VE KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ HÜKÜMETİ ARASINDA İKİ ÜLKE VATANDAŞLARINA İLAVE KOLAYLIKLAR TANINMASINA İLİŞKİN ANLAŞMANIN ONAYLANMASININ UYGUN BULUNDUĞUNA DAİR KANUN" 2300:'s office issued an official opinion that a statutory provision that required the Justice Department not to employ a non-"citizen of the United States" did not bar it from employing dual citizens. 1033:

in Kenya, dual citizens may not be elected or appointed to any state office or serve in the armed forces unless their second citizenship was obtained involuntarily, without the ability to opt out.

7452: 6889: 5200: 412:

from 1868 to 1937, under which the signatories pledged to treat the voluntary naturalization of a former citizen or national with another sovereign nation as a renunciation of their citizenship.

4297: 2822:, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam allow dual citizenship. Australia's constitution does not permit dual nationals to be elected to the federal Parliament. The issue of multiple citizenship caused a 3357:

Slovenia generally allows citizens by descent to have dual citizenship and forbids it only in certain cases, but foreigners wanting to naturalize must renounce their old citizenship. (See also

3565:

Note that British citizens do not automatically have the right of abode in the British Overseas Territories, and the visa requirements for British citizens and British nationals vary. See also

3114:

Croatia generally allows citizens by descent to have dual citizenship and forbids it only in certain cases, but foreigners wanting to naturalize must renounce their old citizenship. (See also

2893:

In Papua New Guinea, there was overwhelming support from parliament to amend their Constitution to allow dual citizenship; however, the law had yet to come into force as of February 2014.

1772:. Upon Singapore's independence from Malaysia in 1965, Malaysian citizenship was withdrawn from Singapore citizens, and all Singapore citizens became citizens of the new Republic of Singapore. 3286:

In the Netherlands, dual citizenship is allowed under certain conditions: e.g., foreign citizenship may be kept if obtained at birth or in the event of naturalization via marriage. (See also

842:, which have some exceptions to dual citizenship's admission, such loss, in practice, is not automatic and may depend on the knowledge and the initiative of the executive power to take place. 4781: 5739: 2860:

nationals. Foreign nationals or stateless persons can apply for naturalisation as a Chinese national provided that they are Hong Kong or Macau residents and meet the requirements under CNL.

1821:

with an extra 2 years being possible in case of serious labor market disruption. Currently, no such provisions are in effect for any EU member state, though they were previously applied to

2797:

law does not mention dual nationality or require a person to choose one nationality or another. A U.S. citizen may naturalize in a foreign state without any risk to their U.S. citizenship.

6582: 2404:. This restriction on people with dual or multiple citizenship being members of parliament does not apply to the state parliaments, and the regulations vary by state. A court case (see 1900:. Citizens of members are often eligible for fast track processing to citizenships of other Members, with varying degrees of recognition/tolerance of dual citizenship among the states. 2426:, the High Court disqualified Australia's Deputy Prime Minister and four senators because they held dual citizenship, despite being unaware of their citizenship status when elected. 1237:), which gives them some citizens' rights back, e.g. the right to live and work in Turkey, the right to possess land or the right to inherit, but not, for example, the right to vote. 5704:

Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary. 109th Congress, First Session, September 29, 2005, Serial No. 109–63.

5028: 2230:, having the potential to act contrary to a government's interests, and this may lead to difficulties in acquiring government employment where security clearance may be required. 5511: 2342:

allows the French government to withdraw French nationality from French citizens holding government or military positions in other countries and Jean's appointment made her both

1892:, allow citizens of members to travel across their borders without requiring any travel documentation, although this has previously been temporarily suspended in response to the 4702: 6013:

Alberta-born Sen. Ted Cruz has given up his Canadian dual citizenship. The renunciation became official on May 14, roughly 9 months after he learned he wasn't only an American.

597:. Some countries give citizenship to people who make a substantial monetary investment in their country. There are two countries in the European Union where this is possible: 4137: 2716:

Citizens of these countries may keep their old citizenship even if naturalizing in a country that forbids dual citizenship – or that country may refuse their naturalization.

697:

citizenship is time-limited, dual citizenship is allowed, and persons who would become stateless because of loss of Vatican citizenship automatically become Italian citizens.

456:

published an article deriding the concept of dual nationality as a "self-evident absurdity." Roosevelt's article was spurred by the case of P.A. Lelong, a US citizen born in

8593: 8498: 4974: 4914: 2505:

Residency: a country may tax the income of anyone who lives there, regardless of citizenship or whether the income was earned in that country or abroad (most common system);

344:

A country that allows dual citizenship may still not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory (e.g., in relation to entry into the country,

337:

to renounce all existing citizenship, by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship, or by other devices. Some countries permit a

330:, etc.) but may also be subject to obligations of citizenship (such as a potential obligation for national service, becoming subject to taxation on worldwide income, etc.). 5574:

Naujoks, Daniel. 2013. Migration, Citizenship, and Development. Diasporic Membership Policies and Overseas Indians in the United States. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

5110:

The changes to the law on nationality and passports will allow expatriates to become dual citizens for the first time. Dual citizenship was earlier banned in the Emirates.

4411: 1679:

to restrict residency and movement in the Soviet Union and in apartheid-era South Africa had the effect of tying local "citizens" to their assigned administrative entity (

1367:

The concept of a "dormant citizenship" means that a person has the citizenships of two countries, but as long as while living permanently in one country, their status and

874:

Requiring applicants for naturalization to apply to renounce their existing citizenship(s) and provide proof from those countries that they have renounced the citizenship.

5935: 1925:) are often eligible for fast track processing to citizenships of other CIS countries, with varying degrees of recognition/tolerance of dual citizenship among the states. 7002: 3588: 333:

Some countries do not permit dual citizenship or only do in certain cases (e.g., inheriting multiple nationalities at birth). This may be by requiring an applicant for

4183: 4602: 3243:) Since Brexit and as of 2023, Irish citizens are the only nationality in the world with the right to live and work in both the European Union and the United Kingdom. 1038:

Austria permits dual citizenship only for persons who had obtained another citizenship by birth.Austrians can apply for special permission to keep their citizenship (

8508: 8326: 428:, an attempt was made to codify nationality rules into a universal worldwide treaty, the 1930 Hague Convention, whose chief aims would be to completely abolish both 3620:

permanent residency in Macau and do not hold a travel document other than MSAR passport or those who hold a Portuguese passport prior to the end of Portuguese rule.

8633: 6842: 2880:

forbids its citizens to have dual citizenship, and foreigners cannot become naturalized citizens, unless they can prove a close familial connection to the country.

1111:

and ordered the reinstatement of South African citizenship for those who lost their citizenship in this manner; the judgement however requires confirmation by the

470:

laws, and that the State Department could give no assurances regarding his liability for military service if he voluntarily placed himself in French jurisdiction.

3177:

Estonia forbids dual citizenship, but citizens by descent cannot be deprived of their Estonian citizenship, so they de facto can have dual citizenship. (See also

1241:

OCI after renouncing their Indian citizenship as long as their home country allows dual citizenship in some form or other under their relevant national laws. The

8623: 5099: 4535: 2823: 1018:

in the Philippines, dual citizens by naturalization cannot run for any local elective office. However, dual citizens by birth are eligible to run and be elected.

1004: 741: 6789: 518:

Each country sets its own criteria for citizenship and the rights of citizenship, which change from time to time, often becoming more restrictive. For example,

6026: 5585:

Staton, Jeffrey K.; Jackson, Robert A.; Canache, Damarys (May 2007). "Dual Nationality Among Latinos: What Are the Implications for Political Connectedness?".

5423: 3915:

For example, this is the case in the United States. Citizenship is automatic when the adoption becomes final, with no need for the naturalization process. See

1458: 5153: 484:

ruling by the US Supreme Court prohibited the US government from stripping citizenship from Americans who had dual citizenship without their consent, and the

9604: 6668:"Dueling Nationalities: Dual Citizenship, Dominant and Effective Nationality, and the Case of Anwar al-Aulaqi – Emory University School of Law – Atlanta, GA" 1784: 1634:, education loans and scholarships to children born in the state (or born to parents who were born in the state) and/or residing in the state. The states of 7201: 4660: 1119:

not compelled to use a Turkish passport to enter and leave Turkey; it is permitted to travel with a valid foreign passport and the Turkish national ID card.

903:

Some countries (e.g., Canada, the US, and many other countries in the Americas) regard all children born there automatically to be eligible to be citizens (

3780: 2848: 2627: 1103:, and failure to do so has resulted in the automatic loss of South African citizenship upon acquiring another country's citizenship. On 13 June 2023, the 440:, which provided that "a State may not afford diplomatic protection to one of its nationals against a state whose nationality such person also possesses." 3107:

In Bulgaria, Bulgarian citizens of descent can have dual citizenship, but foreigners wanting to naturalize must renounce their old citizenship. (See also

709:

ruled "a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments", but the US requires applicants for naturalization to swear to

2903:

Sri Lanka allows dual citizenship. However, under the 19th amendment of that country's constitution, dual citizens are not allowed to hold public office.

794:, which allow multiple citizenship in parallel with Chinese citizenship, but prevent consular protection of the involved nation in their own and also in 5208: 5056: 341:, while others do not. Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries. 4560: 3595: 2417:

had not been duly elected to the national parliament because at the time of her election she was a subject or citizen of a foreign power. However, the

2075:

Concern over the effect of multiple citizenship on national cohesiveness is generally more acute in the United States. The reason for this is twofold:

3949:"There's a surge in Americans applying for secondary passports. Political unrest ahead of the election and a rise in antisemitism are 2 major factors" 2444:

allowed candidates with dual citizenship to be elected as MPs, Section 55 of the Act stated that an MP who applied for citizenship of a foreign power

883:

Countries may bestow citizenship automatically (i.e., "by operation of law"), which may result in multiple citizenships, in the following situations:

4943: 2606:

Multiple citizens who travel to a country of citizenship are often required to enter or leave the country on that country's passport. For example, a

1099:

to retain their citizenship prior to acquiring the citizenship of another country via any voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) if over the

289: 7672: 5987: 5766: 436:

proposed laws that would have reduced both but, in the end, were ratified by only 20 nations. One significant development that emerged was the

7962: 6667: 6093:

Lorsque l'avis du Conseil d'Etat est défavorable, la mesure prévue à l'alinéa précédent ne peut être prise que par décret en conseil des ministres.

4785: 3877: 2423: 2088:

The degree of angst over the effects of dual citizenship seemingly corresponds to a country's model for managing immigration and ethnic diversity:

6984: 3904:

Article 976 – The following persons are considered to be Iranian subjects: (6) Every woman of foreign nationality who marries an Iranian husband.

1126:

In contrast, Bangladesh allows dual citizenship on an exclusionary basis – only with Non-Resident Bangladeshis who are not previously citizens of

852:

Possible (but not automatic) loss of citizenship if people with multiple citizenships do not renounce their other citizenships after reaching the

416:

nationality. By the mid-20th century, dual nationality was largely prohibited worldwide, although there were exceptions. For example, a series of

4125: 3577: 2967:

Japan does not allow dual citizenship. This was upheld in a decision from the Tokyo District Court in January 2021. In 2016, Japanese politician

2960: 425: 8268: 7619: 7510: 5662: 3837: 3542: 2183: 1934:

It is often observed that dual citizenship may strengthen ties between migrants and their countries of origin and increase their propensity to

4715: 3530:

has a bilateral agreement on dual citizenship with Serbia, Croatia and Sweden. Montenegro has allowed dual citizenship with Serbia since 2022.

6940: 3584: 714:

the technical fact that they may have explicitly renounced one of the country's citizenships before officials of the other. For example, the

642:

residence program by investment, but there is a five-year timeline with periodic short visits in order to be eligible to obtain citizenship.

3430:

Liechtenstein allows citizens by descent to have dual citizenship, but foreigners wanting to naturalize must renounce their old citizenship.

2125:

is the primary example of this model, where immigrants are usually required to learn the official language, and cultural traditions such as

1052:

exceptional cases, non-EU and non-Swiss citizens can keep their old citizenship when they become citizens of Germany. For more details, see

9012: 7533: 6496: 6151: 5123: 2315:

of the State of Lower-Saxony from July 1, 2010, to February 19, 2013. He was the first German minister president to hold dual citizenship.

6843:"Justia Venezuela :: Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela > Título III > Capítulo II :: Ley de Venezuela" 4489: 10332: 10207: 9008: 2397: 1264:

Many countries (e.g. United States, Canada, all EU countries and Switzerland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore) issue

460:

to French immigrant parents. He had planned to travel to France on business but had been warned that he might be conscripted to fight in

6747: 10217: 8313: 7872: 6542: 5890: 5522: 5303:[Notice regarding applications for proceeding to Hong Kong and Macau for settlement]. Xianyou County Government. August 7, 2009 4892: 2706:

Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Uruguay

1627: 7118: 536:. In many cases, this basis for citizenship also extends to children born outside the country, and sometimes even when the parent has 10475: 7640:

citizenship did not recognize dual citizenship. Who acquires another country's nationality automatically forfeits Soviet nationality.

5376: 1783:

allowed on citizens of the state special privileges i.e. purchase of property, government jobs etc. However, the Government of India

553:, most countries have abolished it; while Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the UK have a modified 6370: 5740:

Globalisation, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: "Multiculturalism and Individualism: the Swedish Debate on Dual Citizenship"

4733: 4141: 3451:

and women) are not allowed to work for a foreign (non-Swiss) military. Foreign military service is a felony for Swiss citizens (the

677:

Some countries grant citizenship based on ethnicity and on religion: Israel gives all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel, by the

9373: 8322: 5794:"Guidance to DoD Central Adjudication Facilities (CAF) Clarifying the Application of the Foreign preference Adjucitative Guideline" 3311:

is limited to those who have a connection to the region. Other Dutch can enter the region visa-free for a maximum of 6 months. The

2667:; non-resident British citizens visiting Britain do not have this right unless they are UK state pensioners who hold a UK S1 form. 1787: 646:

has laws enacted that allow foreigners to obtain citizenship through investment, but it is difficult to receive without fluency in

2508:

Source: a country may tax any income generated there, regardless of whether the earner is a citizen, resident, or non-resident; or

2084:

ones) with less familiarity or understanding of American values, making their assimilation both more difficult and more important.

1553:

are tied to the region in which the citizen has permanent residence or household registration. Although within mainland China the

10324: 10262: 6451: 5350: 2852: 2634:

who have multiple nationalities will be obliged to use the passport issued by an EU Member State for entering the Schengen area.

1611:, citizens hold also citizenship of their respective entity, generally that in which they reside. This citizenship can be of the 1527: 1096: 681:, and fast-tracked citizenship. Dual citizenship is permitted, but, when entering the country, the Israeli passport must be used. 356:

by another country for a person who is also its national. Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their

7700: 5793: 10304: 9635: 9281: 8854: 8298: 8200: 8127: 7841:

Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality, 1963

7465: 7271: 6126: 3573: 3322:

Citizens of other EU/EFTA countries can visit Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands visa-free for 90 days.

2454: 1550: 1104: 7030:"Application for Naturalisation as a Chinese National". Immigration Department, Government of the Hong Kong SAR. Eligibility. 3917: 3807: 3319:

of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are valid for entering Bonaire, Sint Eustatius or Saba, but the Dutch identity card is not.

10299: 9016: 7738: 7595: 7339: 6112: 6066:, Opinions of the Attorney General, August 26, 1999 (Beth Nolan, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel) 5082: 4033: 3521: 3012: 2955:

constitution does not allow voluntary Dual Citizenship. However, in response to persistent demands for dual citizenship, The

1332: 1177: 952: 282: 7769: 1086: 574:(e.g., the US), and some revoke the spouse's citizenship if the marriage terminates within a specified time (e.g., Algeria). 10309: 7032:

a person whose application for naturalisation as a Chinese national has been approved shall not retain foreign nationality.

6345: 1616: 1519:(for example, the right to reside and work). In a similar way, a number of British Overseas Territories have a concept of " 1112: 1048:

a citizen). In general, however, any Austrian who takes up second citizenship will automatically lose Austrian citizenship.

6426: 4449: 3948: 3891: 2525: 1764:

citizenship. Singapore citizenship continued to exist as a subnational citizenship, and continued to be legislated by the

10342: 8167: 2856: 2248: 7845: 7840: 5681: 2532:(up to an inflation-adjusted threshold which, as of 2023, is $ 120,000), exemption of basic foreign housing, as well as 10490: 10470: 10449: 8884: 8553: 8240: 7287:"Mobile EU Citizens and the "Unreasonable Burden": How EU Member States Deal with Residence Rights at the Street Level" 5825: 3239:" and to replace it by a modified form: at least one parent must be a citizen or a legal permanent resident. (See also 2382:

and former leader of the Official Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons also holds dual citizenship with France.

1918: 710: 7245: 6067: 1273:

elections, but not national elections, though permitted to vote in local elections where they reside permanently. The

10454: 10337: 10180: 9060: 8979: 8650: 7803: 7306: 6052:

Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999, Pub. L. No. 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681-480, 2681-513-14, § 606

5478: 5451: 5402: 3975: 3569: 3086: 3034: 2631: 2607: 2213: 2032:

The rise in tension between mainstream and migrant communities is cited as evidence of the need to maintain a strong

1998: 1805: 1776: 1765: 1354: 1203: 974: 7827: 7688: 6966: 5865: 5149: 4635: 4586: 3708: 1185: 10202: 4962:

However, Indians who renounce their Indian citizenship can still apply for an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card.

2155: 275: 7650: 5512:"Transformations of Citizenship in Montenegro: a context-generated evolution of citizenship policies; Autumn 2010" 9107: 8989: 8748: 8102: 7942: 7633: 7479: 6515: 5053: 3992: 3435: 3057: 2471: 1965: 1817: 1541:. School enrollment, work permission, and other civic rights and privileges (such as whether one may apply for a 1274: 74: 7767: 7505: 3150:

Denmark has allowed dual citizenship since September 1, 2015. Note that not all Danish citizens are EU citizens.

1053: 10192: 8137: 8117: 8017: 7865: 7332:

Dual Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the U. S. and Europe: The Reinvention of Citizenship

7148: 6790:"Si tengo doble nacionalidad, colombiana y otra u otras ¿Debo solicitar mi pasaporte colombiano? | Cancillería" 6192: 5300: 3863: 3823: 3394:

that Monégasque citizens, including members of the royal family, are not allowed to gamble at Monaco's casinos.

3016: 2773:'s Constitution gives every Colombian the right to have more than one nationality. It does not, however, grant 2681: 1336: 1181: 1074: 956: 831: 674:

previously had citizenship by investment programs; however, these programs have been suspended or discontinued.

485: 4126:

https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/moving-country/irish-citizenship/your-right-to-irish-citizenship/#2ba3c7

4049: 4026:

Dual Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the U.S. and Europe: The Reinvention of Citizenship

10552: 10485: 10257: 10252: 9736: 9004: 8568: 8453: 8318: 8132: 7977: 7165: 7016: 6477: 5701: 5633: 4376: 3546: 3273: 2956: 1703: 1462: 1252: 997:

in Israel, diplomats and members of Parliament must renounce any other citizenship before assuming their job.

846: 827: 381:, triggered by British impressment into naval service of US sailors who were alleged to be British subjects. 8874: 6308: 6283: 6257: 6235: 6210: 4615: 3862:

Branch, Government of Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Communications (June 28, 2002).

3734: 3560:, there are different types of British nationality, so not every British national is also a British citizen. 3404: 2743:

naturalizing in a country that forbids dual citizenship. Most countries in the region observe unconditional

2029:, increases disconnection from the political process, and degrades national or civic identity/cohesiveness. 830:

citizenship may be withdrawn if a Saudi citizen obtains a foreign citizenship without the permission of the

10480: 10314: 10279: 10230: 9954: 9225: 8578: 8538: 8303: 7937: 3093:

In Austria, dual citizenship is possible with special permission or if it was obtained at birth. (See also

2863: 2819: 2520:

U.S. persons living outside the United States are still subject to tax on their worldwide income, although

2371: 2312: 1108: 920:

that territory, and then declare all residents of occupied territory to be citizens of the occupying state.

871:

Denying automatic citizenship by birth if the child may acquire another citizenship automatically at birth.

475: 206: 4685: 2623:, which permits multiple citizenships whilst also requiring compulsory military service for its citizens. 10434: 10424: 10291: 9499: 9095: 9050: 8969: 8964: 8944: 8889: 8879: 8844: 8573: 8493: 8428: 8225: 8112: 8062: 7932: 5770: 2815: 2612: 2348: 1738: 1662: 1481: 845:

Possible (but not automatic) loss of citizenship if another citizenship is acquired voluntarily, such as

823: 811: 775: 594: 549:). The US, Canada, and many Latin American countries grant unconditional birthright citizenship. To stop 417: 338: 174: 7546: 7057: 5230: 3464: 3212:

parent is a legal permanent resident who has been living in Germany for at least five years. (See also

10414: 9753: 9274: 9045: 9022: 8959: 8939: 8899: 8783: 8758: 8753: 8583: 8558: 8463: 8398: 8388: 8378: 8368: 8308: 8293: 8288: 8263: 8245: 8177: 8107: 8077: 7967: 6868:"Entrada y/o Salida de Venezuela para ciudadanos venezolanos con doble nacionalidad – SECCIÓN CONSULAR" 6690: 4108: 3408: 3336: 3266: 3048: 2897: 2811: 2323: 1368: 857: 803: 5713: 4790:

an order of constitutional invalidity has no force unless it is confirmed by the Constitutional Court.

2642:

Military service for dual nationals can be an issue of concern. Several countries have entered into a

10439: 10379: 8914: 8798: 8773: 8728: 8723: 8673: 8598: 8548: 8523: 8518: 8488: 8443: 8433: 8393: 8363: 8353: 8343: 8258: 8235: 8210: 8147: 8067: 7992: 7957: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7858: 7135: 7081: 6568: 5646: 4870: 3444: 3424: 3358: 3228: 3108: 2948:

Kyrgyz Republic allows dual citizenship, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force.

2883: 2788: 2479: 2414: 2393: 2195: 1780: 1619:. One must have citizenship of at least one, but cannot hold both entity citizenships simultaneously. 1461:, all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 1419: 1410: 815: 130: 7749: 7453:

Conditions for granting Czech citizenship, Czech Ministry of Interior; in Czech, machine translation

7219: 5659: 4463: 1561:

Macau, Hong Kong, and the mainland remains controlled. Mainland Chinese who migrate to Hong Kong on

1285:

talents and their families to acquire the Emirati nationality and passport under certain conditions.

10384: 10374: 9731: 9543: 9246: 8999: 8869: 8859: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8788: 8698: 8678: 8663: 8513: 8483: 8438: 8423: 8383: 8373: 8348: 8278: 8273: 8220: 8215: 8205: 8157: 8152: 8142: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8072: 8052: 8047: 8037: 8007: 7997: 7987: 7982: 7972: 7952: 7912: 7902: 7407:"Resolution 541 (1983) Adopted by the Security Council at its 2500th meeting, on November 18, 1983" 7003:"Cambodia parliament adopts constitutional amendments prohibiting dual citizenship for top leaders" 6184: 4267: 3793: 3638: 3400: 3343: 3178: 3115: 3094: 2916: 2906: 2568: 2533: 2529: 2434: 2338:

allowed her to obtain French citizenship several years before her appointment. Article 23-8 of the

1597: 1281: 1166: 1059:

Acquisition of the nationality of Andorra, France, Portugal, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea or

1040: 861: 807: 779: 771: 397: 6101: 5000: 4828:"Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan" 3159:

belong to Denmark, but not the EU, so their inhabitants are Danish citizens, but not EU citizens.

2557: 10531: 10429: 10364: 8974: 8954: 8919: 8909: 8904: 8894: 8864: 8808: 8803: 8763: 8743: 8738: 8703: 8683: 8668: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8528: 8503: 8478: 8468: 8448: 8358: 8283: 8172: 8162: 8097: 8032: 8022: 8012: 8002: 7947: 7907: 7355: 6817: 6764: 6196: 5992: 5587: 5150:"Multiple nationality and multiple citizenship (including dual nationality and dual citizenship)" 3779:

Cite error: The named reference "oup" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

3557: 3381: 3374: 3280: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3185: 3122: 3101: 3005: 2922: 2877: 2664: 2620: 2600: 2572: 2418: 2401: 2367: 2013: 1912: 1893: 1569:

cancelled, while children born in Hong Kong to visiting mainland parents cannot receive mainland

1495: 1325: 1295: 1170: 1065: 1026: 945: 783: 749: 519: 437: 7286: 6500: 6158: 5752: 5547: 1526:

Citizens of the People's Republic of China may be permanent residents of the Hong Kong or Macau

10389: 10018: 9760: 9212: 8994: 8984: 8949: 8849: 8793: 8778: 8713: 8708: 8693: 8588: 8563: 8533: 8458: 8418: 8250: 8122: 8057: 8042: 8027: 7131: 6188: 5494: 3643: 3527: 3351: 3329: 3213: 3192: 3165: 2952: 2910: 2491: 2286: 2072:

assessment of dual nationality beyond the first generation is not possible with present data).

1969: 1769: 1730: 1711: 1608: 1542: 1473: 1022: 799: 588: 405: 6063:

Eligibility of a Dual United States Citizen for a Paid Position with the Department of Justice

5468: 5441: 4520: 2191: 1415: 1277:

between Australia and New Zealand allows their citizens to live and work in the other country.

10444: 10419: 10409: 10399: 10394: 10247: 9315: 9267: 9055: 8813: 8768: 8733: 8718: 8688: 8543: 8473: 8230: 6649:"Refworld – Protocol Relating to Military Obligations in Certain Cases of Double Nationality" 6605:"Dual citizenship – Do you qualify for dual citizenship: Dual citizenship for South Africans" 5660:

Faist, Thomas; Gerdes, Jurgen (Bielefeld University) "Dual Citizenship in an Age of Mobility"

5325:[Wave of 'anchor babies' leaving Hong Kong: turning back into a mainlander is hard]. 4334: 4162: 3533: 3477: 3460: 3296: 3287: 3240: 3220: 3144: 2930: 2521: 2282: 2130: 2022: 1869: 1753: 1746: 1707: 1488: 1242: 1045: 839: 819: 745: 722: 618: 211: 6546: 5908: 5894: 5726: 4944:"Here's how many Indians have surrendered their passport and citizenship in the last decade" 4931:

However, the Government of India introduced the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) in 2005.

4884: 4663:, Ministry of Employment and Social Security of Spain (in Spanish); retrieved July 18, 2013. 2959:(OCI) scheme was introduced by amending The Citizenship Act, 1955 in August 2005. The older 10557: 10505: 10500: 10404: 10274: 10225: 9619: 9585: 9406: 9353: 9176: 9040: 8603: 7559: 7385:"Resolution 550 (1984) Adopted by the Security Council at its 2539th meeting, May 11, 1984" 6180: 5621: 2462: 2437: 2379: 1908: 1085:

to exercise the other nationality inside the jurisdiction of South Korea. For details, see

6914: 5499:. New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives. October 13, 1976. pp. 3013–3014. 5380: 4062:

ruled 'a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments'

3677: 1980: 8: 9889: 9694: 9669: 9649: 9553: 9166: 9085: 8628: 7828:

Convention Nº8 on the Exchange of Information Concerning Acquisition of Nationality, 1964

7768:

Federal Investigative Services Division of the US Office of Personnel Management (2001).

6031: 5252: 4737: 3633: 3504:

to travel and reside in other Nordic countries without a passport or a residence permit.

3135: 2400:(i), explicitly forbids people who hold allegiance to foreign powers from sitting in the 2351:

her French citizenship two days before taking up office to end the controversy about it.

2297: 1647: 1472:. Certain rights accrue as an incident of state citizenship and access to federal courts 1265: 1233:

citizenship, such as Germany, Austria or the Netherlands) can apply for the "Blue Card" (

730: 693: 606: 537: 353: 236: 226: 164: 147: 5275: 4355: 3864:"Guide CIT 0003 – Application for Canadian Citizenship – Minors (under 18 years of age)" 10046: 10028: 10023: 10011: 9845: 9664: 9644: 9614: 9396: 9368: 9065: 7613: 7312: 6097: 5604: 5322: 4229: 3755: 3508: 2335: 2327: 2235: 2026: 1813: 1546: 1499: 1477: 453: 256: 7712: 6867: 6604: 5354: 770:

Automatic loss of citizenship if another citizenship is acquired voluntarily, such as

10051: 9969: 9706: 9659: 9597: 9426: 9207: 9159: 7799: 7734: 7601: 7591: 7335: 7316: 7302: 7043: 5800: 5608: 5600: 5474: 5447: 5078: 4508: 4029: 3871: 3688: 3683: 3312: 3143:

The Czech Republic has allowed multiple citizenship since January 1, 2014. (See also

2972: 2411: 2339: 2033: 1897: 1809: 1676: 1646:

each has their own immigration control and permanent residency system; citizens from

726: 409: 246: 6721:"Equatorial Guinea: Law No. 3/2011 of July 14, Regulating Equatoguinean Nationality" 4423: 4242: 3925: 2319: 1721:

in 1991, Yugoslav citizens possessed an internal citizenship of their own republic (

1601: 10495: 10369: 10269: 10099: 9907: 9797: 9748: 9721: 9474: 9469: 9322: 9090: 7294: 7094: 6807: 5596: 5029:"President Murmu announces relaxation in OCI norms for Indian diaspora in Suriname" 3953: 3804: 3767: 3669: 3556:

The United Kingdom allows dual citizenship. Note that due to the complexity of the

3365: 2784: 2308: 1612: 766:

cases when they would have another citizenship. This may take the following forms:

734: 663: 401: 345: 251: 169: 152: 7776: 7220:"Renho's nationality disclosure raises discrimination concerns, fails to unite DP" 6710:, I DSP-groep BV & Tilburg School of Humanities, Department of Culture studies 5961: 4090: 2925:

allows dual citizenship except in the case of one being chosen as a member of the

2363: 1976: 1304: 856:

or within a certain period of time after obtaining multiple citizenships, such as

510: 10240: 9932: 9743: 9489: 9479: 9171: 7881: 7179: 6648: 6071: 5666: 5104: 5060: 4536:"SVG Opposition politician moves to oust Deputy PM Sir Louis Straker from office" 3811: 3658: 3455:

of Vatican City are regarded as a "house police", not an army). In the Canton of

3308: 2549: 2440: 2117: 1520: 1377: 1100: 1012: 1000:

in Colombia, dual citizens cannot be Ministers of foreign affairs and of defense.

853: 585: 480: 449: 318: 314: 261: 231: 159: 7406: 7384: 6720: 6629: 4827: 4173:

Chinese Nationality Law explanation on May 15, 1996 by National Peoples Congress

4073: 3924:. Office of Children's Issues, United States Department of State. Archived from 2644:

Protocol relating to Military Obligations in Certain Cases of Double Nationality

2616: 2474:, a federal government department, during his time in the United States. Former 1694:

in 1968, Czechoslovak citizens also possessed an internal citizenship of either

991:

Some countries allow dual citizenship but restrict the rights of dual citizens:

10197: 10141: 9980: 9937: 9865: 9609: 9580: 9505: 9459: 9401: 9358: 9202: 9102: 6545:. Department of foreign Arrairs and International Trade, Canada. Archived from 6328: 4620: 4211: 3663: 3538: 3300: 3130: 3053: 2677: 2466: 2375: 2359: 1904: 1830: 1801: 1695: 1691: 1680: 1562: 1538: 1516: 795: 715: 647: 578: 566: 505: 334: 221: 137: 69: 7605: 7428: 7298: 5565:

the Sixtieth session of the General Assembly. New York: United Nations, p. 63.

4852: 3507:

Irish and British citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's country (

987:

Some countries have special rules relating to multiple citizenships, such as:

10546: 10038: 9835: 9624: 9494: 9484: 9442: 9416: 9411: 9348: 9308: 9232: 9181: 9113: 8655: 5997: 5702:

2006 Dual Citizenship, Birthright Citizenship, and the meaning of Sovereignty

5686: 5176:"Advice about Possible Loss of U.S. Nationality and Foreign Military Service" 4412:

Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia#(i) Allegiance to a foreign power

4059: 3485: 3370: 3236: 3156: 2794: 2659: 2137: 2126: 1643: 1060: 908: 896: 706: 703: 678: 571: 550: 528: 466: 429: 385: 365: 361: 120: 95: 82: 6061: 5829: 5075:

Dual Citizenship in Global Perspective: From Unitary to Multiple Citizenship

4975:"1.6 mn Indians renounced citizenship in last 10 yrs, 70K gave up passports" 4703:"Oscar winner Benicio del Toro, singer Ricky Martin become Spanish citizens" 4379:: Dual citizenship forbidden, but this article is about one known exception. 4212:

Undang-undang Nomor 12 tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia

2528:

to reduce or eliminate double taxation issues for some, namely exemption of

1044:) before taking a second one (for example, both Austria and the US consider 1003:

in Australia, dual citizens cannot be elected to federal Parliament. In the

434:

Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws

10071: 9998: 9777: 9767: 9686: 9436: 9343: 9293: 9128: 7637: 7585: 3456: 2596: 2256: 2227: 1922: 1654: 1531: 1092: 689: 357: 349: 310: 49: 6915:"Vanuatu constitution amended with changes to land issues and citizenship" 5634:"The Naturalization Oath Ceremony, and What It Means To Be a U.S. Citizen" 3772: 2688: 1790:

in 2019, providing uniform status of citizenship across the entire nation.

1397: 10235: 10066: 10056: 10006: 9988: 9899: 9860: 9654: 9565: 9548: 9186: 9144: 5869: 4802: 4561:"Dual citizenship case against St Kitts Opposition Leader set for May 30" 4390:"Green Card for a Person Born in the United States to a Foreign Diplomat" 4214:[Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia] 3849: 3653: 3648: 3452: 3304: 3261:

Lithuania generally prohibits dual citizenship due the Article 12 of the

2450: 2430: 2355: 2150: 2110: 2018: 1665:, along with a local status that is not extended to other New Zealanders. 1593: 1511: 1441: 1222: 1081: 1069: 622: 501: 461: 457: 378: 199: 194: 185: 115: 106: 7480:"FAQ: Vakantie, Hoe lang mag ik op vakantie op de Nederlandse Antillen?" 4243:"Dual citizenship | Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan" 1523:" for their citizens, in addition to their existing British citizenship. 1095:

has required its citizens to apply for, and obtain, permission from the

10081: 9421: 7658: 6985:"Cambodia passes law barring dual citizenship for holders of top posts" 6175: 6001: 5327: 5279: 3471: 3389: 3350:(year 2010) some restrictions to dual citizenship may apply. (See also 3073:

mandatory, but the enforcement is limited, so some sources claim it is

3019: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2592: 2561: 2560:

allowed up to US$ 103,900 of foreign salaried income to be exempt from

2545: 2406: 2269: 1935: 1742: 1718: 1684: 1631: 1467: 1339: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1256: 1251:

In 2005, India amended the 1955 Citizenship Act to introduce a form of

959: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 865: 630: 520:

until 1982, a person born in the UK was automatically a British citizen

216: 60: 7483: 7379: 7377: 5753:"Voting Accessibility – The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC)" 5521:. CITSEE Working Paper Series. University of Edinburgh. Archived from 10127: 10122: 10089: 10061: 9949: 9944: 9880: 9855: 9802: 9716: 9431: 9363: 6532:

US Internal Revenue Service: U.S. Citizens and Resident Aliens Abroad

6329:

Article on renunciation of prior citizenship to holding public office

3160: 2933:, in which case one must relinquish other citizenships when possible. 2840: 2780: 2647: 2260: 2146: 2106: 1846: 1757: 1445: 787: 557:, which requires at least one parent to be a citizen of the country ( 7587:

Kin majorities : identity and citizenship in Crimea and Moldova

5953: 2994: 1314: 1155: 1107:

struck down the relevant legislation as being inconsistent with the

994:

in Egypt and Armenia, dual citizens cannot be elected to Parliament.

934: 514:

Dual citizenship means persons can have or travel with two passports

10136: 10108: 10094: 9961: 9927: 9885: 9870: 9830: 9575: 9154: 9120: 7850: 7731:

Dual Citizenship in Europe: From Nationhood to Societal Integration

7374: 6452:"Foreign Housing Exclusion or Deduction | Internal Revenue Service" 5622:

Renshon, Stanley; "Dual Citizenship and American National Identity"

4948: 4857:

Cabinets approves draft citizenship law | theindependentbd.com

4140:(in German). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Austria. Archived from 3069:

Liechtenstein have no armed forces; in Norway, military service is

2829: 2774: 2770: 2755: 2290: 2240: 1862: 1858: 1822: 1761: 1734: 1699: 1623: 1507: 890: 659: 643: 614: 545: 327: 142: 89: 21: 6812: 6810: 5988:"No, Canada: Sen. Ted Cruz has formally shed his dual citizenship" 5100:"UAE amends citizenship law for expatriates. All you need to know" 3085:

For details, see the nationality law of the country concerned and

2968: 2247:

This guideline has been followed in administrative rulings by the

1706:

in 1993, this was used to determine whether they ought to receive

1577: 1289: 313:

in which a person is at the same time recognized by more than one

10132: 10117: 10113: 9875: 9825: 9817: 9807: 9711: 9699: 9558: 9454: 9448: 7796:

At Home in Two Countries: The Past and Future of Dual Citizenship

7677:

In Rada a bill to criminalize the act of holding two citizenships

7246:"Free movement of workers | EU fact sheets | European Parliament" 7046:, Ministry of Government Legislation; accessed September 7, 2015. 5851: 5714:

Public Policy Institute of California: "Immigrants and Education"

4616:"Germany's citizenship law changes take effect – DW – 06/27/2024" 3501: 3497: 3481: 3265:, which allows it only in narrow and individual cases. (See also 2926: 2304: 2037: 1889: 1881: 1873: 1854: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1726: 1639: 1581: 753: 671: 651: 626: 610: 393: 392:

to participate in the uprising and were caught were charged with

389: 241: 4716:"South Korea: Permanent Dual Nationality Allowed after 60 Years" 2730:

dual citizenship. Lesotho observes dual citizenship, as well as

729:, which at present is divided politically between the sovereign 10104: 9917: 9850: 9790: 9785: 9592: 9259: 7673:В Раду внесен законопроект, наказывающий за двойное гражданство 7534:"Migračné informačné centrum – Migračné informačné centrum IOM" 7272:"Germany can cut welfare for jobless EU nationals, court rules" 5403:"Puerto Rican independence activist gets island citizenship ID" 4424:"Australian MP Joyce wins seat back after dual citizenship row" 3550: 3493: 3489: 2870: 2763: 2759: 2475: 2252: 2142: 2122: 2102: 1885: 1877: 1850: 1842: 1722: 1503: 1138: 835: 638: 634: 602: 489: 445: 53: 7747: 7701:

Oleksiy Danilov: Ukraine Needs Law to Control Dual Citizenship

4764:

Democratic Alliance v The Minister of Home Affairs and another

2482:

relinquished Canadian citizenship upon taking office in 1999.

2293:

renounced his Canadian citizenship birthright on 14 May 2014.

1573:

unless they cancel their Hong Kong permanent residence status.

9912: 9840: 9391: 5141: 4450:"SC: Naturalization Does not Apply to Dual Citizens by Birth" 2942: 2844: 2537: 2386: 2331: 2182:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

2098: 2094: 1635: 1127: 791: 667: 655: 598: 478:

removed restrictions on dual citizenship in the UK, the 1967

7713:

We plan to allow dual citizenship with EU countries – Kuleba

7651:"Dvojno državljanstvo: 20.000 Banjalučana želi pasoš Srbije" 7329: 6478:"Americans abroad are giving up citizenship for lower taxes" 6427:"Foreign Earned Income Exclusion | Internal Revenue Service" 6113:

CBC News: New governor general to give up French citizenship

4023: 3602:

British citizens have the right to live and work in Ireland.

1876:(including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, unlike the EU), 1650:

states are subject to immigration control in the two states.

9922: 9464: 7689:

Poroshenko Proposes Bill To Ban Dual Citizenship In Ukraine

7675:, liga.net; accessed September 7, 2015. (Russian; English: 7432: 6084:

l'injonction qui lui en aura été faite par le Gouvernement.

5072: 4287:

Article 134(1)(a) Constitution of the Republic of Singapore

3589:

Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens

2936: 2751: 2588: 2330:). Although Jean no longer holds citizenship in her native 1658: 733:, which has jurisdiction over the majority of Ireland, and 388:, Irish-born naturalized American citizens who had gone to 7019:. Immigration Department, Government of the Hong Kong SAR. 6497:"Why More U.S. Expatriates Are Turning In Their Passports" 5647:"Monash University Research Repository – People and Place" 4915:"Can Indians have dual citizenship? Here's the fine print" 4871:"Ustawa z dnia 2 kwietnia 2009 r. o obywatelstwie polskim" 4490:"Citizenship status and that eligibility issue …yet again" 2496:

In some cases, multiple citizenship can create additional

2285:

retained his Austrian citizenship during his service as a

1259:), but none of the three countries allow dual citizenship. 7202:"Court rules in favor of Japan's ban on dual nationality" 2712:

Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Maldives, Syria, and Thailand

2497: 2275: 2226:

People with multiple citizenship may be viewed as having

2067:

15% less likely to have ever voted in a national election

16:

Citizenship in multiple countries held by the same person

7168:. The Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs. May 31, 2013. 2984: 868:(where such loss is automatic but with some exceptions). 6157:. Parliament of Australia. July 9, 1900. Archived from 5669:, migrationpolicy.org, 2008; accessed October 25, 2015. 4335:"South African Department of Home Affairs: Citizenship" 4091:"Give up (renounce) British citizenship or nationality" 2700:

Algeria, Angola, Eritrea, Morocco, Nigeria, and Tunisia

2689:

Countries that do not allow renunciation of citizenship

2272:

has caused debate about dual citizenship in Australia.

7058:"Legislator to propose changes to naturalization laws" 6127:"Dion would sacrifice French citizenship to become PM" 6018: 4464:"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Constitution, 1979" 3976:"Preah Reach Kram NS/RKM/1096/30 – Law on Nationality" 2255:, certain military units, including most recently the 1459:

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

35: Multiple nationality restricted to certain cases 29: Multiple nationality allowed without restriction 7084:, Pacific Islands Report; accessed September 7, 2015. 6118: 5697: 5695: 2886:

restricts dual citizenship (see above), but observes

2670: 1484:("nations") a status comparable to local citizenship. 1145: 7096:

Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003

6890:"U.S. Citizenship Laws and Policy- Dual Citizenship" 6152:"An Act to constitute the Commonwealth of Australia" 5584: 5278:[Continue improving one-way permit policy]. 4452:. Supreme Court of the Philippines. August 12, 2022. 3472:

The Nordic Passport Union and the Common Travel Area

2693:

Source: German Federal Government (as of July 2023)

2628:

European Travel Information and Authorisation System

2061:

18% less likely to express high levels of civic duty

2058:

19% less likely to consider the US as their homeland

1087:

South Korean nationality law § Dual citizenship

495: 5979: 5767:"Security Clearance Guidelines: Foreign Preference" 2581: 2162: 1515:conferred prior to 2021 when in other parts of the 1494:Although considered part of the United Kingdom for 1491:– Confederation, canton and commune (municipality). 1005:

2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis

924: 6281: 6255: 6208: 5727:Netherlands moves toward total ban on Muslim veils 5692: 5073:Thomas Faist, Peter Kivisto, ed. (November 2007). 4024:Randall Hansen, Patrick Weil, ed. (January 2002). 3596:Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas) 2971:caused a minor scandal having held both Japan and 1387: 1015:, was protected by the passage of retroactive law. 692:, citizenship is based on holding an office, with 7149:"Part II Citizzenship"work=Constitution of India" 6346:"Tax History: Why U.S. Pursues Citizens Overseas" 5473:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 151–152. 4278:Section 10.1 of Nepal Citizenship Act 2063 (2006) 4138:"Verlust der österreichischen Staatsbürgerschaft" 3794:Dual Nationality: Unobjectionable and Unstoppable 2849:nationality law of the People's Republic of China 2389:, dual citizens cannot be elected to Parliament. 543:Citizenship by birth on the country's territory ( 10544: 6647:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 5866:"OSDGC – Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals" 5852:"OSDGC – Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals" 5548:"Living in the EU, your rights | European Union" 4686:"Puerto Rican stars granted Spanish citizenship" 2424:2017 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis 2311:, who holds British and German citizenship, was 1077:. See also the section on "dormant" citizenship. 7506:"De gevolgen van de staatkundige veranderingen" 6746:Nalule, Caroline; Nambooze, Anna (April 2020). 6583:"US State Department Services Dual Nationality" 6494: 6475: 5936:"Ben Zygier case to spark dual passport review" 5791: 4736:(Act 88, Section 6(1)(a)). 1995. Archived from 4392:. United States Department of Homeland Security 3894:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 3735:Dual Nationality: TR's "Self-Evident Absurdity" 3578:Visa requirements for British Overseas citizens 3080: 2750:Dual citizenship is restricted or forbidden in 1929: 1584:) citizenship. People with Ålandic citizenship 1068:). Upon request Spain has allowed persons from 760: 591:when at least one adoptive parent is a citizen. 426:League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930 7511:Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations 7269: 6745: 6309:"New Zealand Electoral Act 1993, Section 55AA" 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3826: 3459:, voting is compulsory. For more details, see 3272:Luxembourg allows dual citizenship. (See also 1557:system has loosened in recent years, movement 1054:German nationality law § Dual citizenship 488:, removed restrictions on dual citizenship in 9275: 7866: 7472: 4885:"Peut-on avoir plusieurs nationalités ?" 4329: 4327: 3918:"Information about the Child Citizenship Act" 3585:Visa policies of British Overseas Territories 2719: 2180:The examples and perspective in this section 1911:for the citizens of the member states of the 1794: 605:; as well as the five Caribbean countries of 283: 10179: 9959: 9013:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 7770:"Citizenship Laws of the World: A Directory" 7728: 7017:"General Information on Chinese Nationality" 6236:"New Zealand Electoral Act 1993, Section 55" 5677: 5675: 5446:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 248. 5428:LAW ON CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA 4784:(Act 108, Section 172). 1996. Archived from 4782:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 4636:"The new nationality law as of 27 June 2024" 4076:, US Citizenship and Immigration Services. ( 3876:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3852:, economist.com; accessed September 7, 2015. 3335:Portugal allows dual citizenship. (See also 2658:The right to healthcare in countries with a 2017:explored questions of whether allowing dual 1630:, each state gives certain benefits such as 1137:The same principle as Poland is enforced in 7703:, promoteukraine.org; accessed May 6, 2021. 7284: 7055: 6691:"Dual citizenship legal for born Namibians" 6421: 6419: 6211:"Minister's Dutch ties put House in a bind" 6168: 5909:"IDF submarine fleet bans dual citizenship" 4936: 4722:. The Library of Congress. August 24, 2010. 4010: 3787: 3760:International Journal of Constitutional Law 3737:, virginia.edu; accessed September 7, 2015. 3342:Romania allows dual citizenship. (See also 3184:Finland allows dual citizenship. (See also 3129:by Northern Cyprus as legally invalid. The 3100:Belgium allows dual citizenship. (See also 1305:"Dormant" citizenship and "right of return" 1184:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 9282: 9268: 7873: 7859: 7755:. Transatlantic Council on Migration (MPI) 7618:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7458: 7330:Randall Hansen, Patrick Weil, ed. (2002). 7099:, Chan Robles Law Library, August 29, 2003 7082:PNG Passes Reciprocal Dual Citizenship Law 6513: 5636:, davechen.net; accessed October 25, 2015. 5470:Multiple Nationality And International Law 5063:, moia.gov.in; accessed September 7, 2015. 4324: 4321:1988'S Federal Constitution, Art. 12, § 4. 4058:United States Supreme Court Chief Justice 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3380:Sweden allows dual citizenship. (See also 3219:Greece allows dual citizenship. (See also 3191:France allows dual citizenship. (See also 3121:Cyprus allows dual citizenship. (See also 2198:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1979:. Please do not remove this message until 1580:have joint regional (Åland) and national ( 1451: 1073:grant their citizens a similar treatment, 290: 276: 7399: 6708:The 2% Taks for Eritreans in the diaspora 6027:"Cruz Will Renounce Canadian Citizenship" 5826:"Industrial Security Clearance Decisions" 5672: 5443:Associated Statehood in International Law 5273: 4853:"Cabinets approves draft citizenship law" 3771: 3709:Egyptian nationality law#Dual citizenship 3279:Malta allows dual citizenship. (See also 3246:Italy allows dual citizenship. (See also 3035:Learn how and when to remove this message 2362:and still retained his dual citizenship. 2307:, politicians can have dual citizenship. 2214:Learn how and when to remove this message 2055:18% less likely to identify as "American" 1999:Learn how and when to remove this message 1355:Learn how and when to remove this message 1204:Learn how and when to remove this message 975:Learn how and when to remove this message 10167: 7846:European Convention on Nationality, 1997 7750:"Dual Citizenship in an Age of Mobility" 7715:, interfax.com.ua; accessed May 6, 2021. 7549:, elmundo.es; accessed October 25, 2015. 6416: 6343: 6124: 5959: 5439: 4907: 3892:"Civil Code of Iran (last amended 1985)" 3814:, richw.org; accessed September 7, 2015. 2517:they are free from any tax obligations. 2354:However, former Canadian Prime Minister 2334:, her marriage to French-born filmmaker 2239:example, possession or use of a foreign 1975:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1945: 1812:, establishing a legal identity for the 878: 509: 20: 7748:Thomas Faist and Jürgen Gerdes (2008). 7626: 7291:EU Citizenship and Free Movement Rights 6339: 6337: 5985: 5121: 5097: 4298:"1954 Saudi Arabian Citizenship System" 4206: 4204: 3836:was invoked but never defined (see the 3713: 2853:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2318:A small controversy arose in 2005 when 2129:are often barred in public spaces (see 2052:32% less likely to be fluent in English 1749:, this system was in effect until 2006. 10545: 7166:"Overseas Citizenship of India Scheme" 6964: 6665: 6569:"Mexican Nationality Law, Article XIV" 6258:"Parties brace to fight 'Harry's law'" 5440:Igarashi, Masahiro (January 9, 2002). 5147: 5122:Stewart, Ashleigh (January 30, 2021). 5077:. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 5001:"Overseas Citizenship of India Scheme" 4895:from the original on December 20, 2021 3861: 3574:Visa requirements for British citizens 2571:has excluded some regulations such as 2276:Multiple citizenship among politicians 1938:funds to their communities of origin. 1921:nations (some republics of the former 1745:) as well as Yugoslav citizenship. In 352:, etc.). Similarly, it may not permit 10166: 9523: 9263: 7854: 7583: 7285:Heindlmaier, Anita (March 20, 2020). 7270:Deutsche Welle (September 15, 2015). 6748:"Report on Citizenship Law: Tasmania" 6630:"EUR-Lex – 32019R0817 – EN – EUR-Lex" 6476:Doreen Carvajal (December 17, 2006). 6282:New Zealand Herald (August 8, 2003). 6024: 5906: 5424:ЗАКОН О ДРЖАВЉАНСТВУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ 5379:. Parliament of Åland. Archived from 5199: 5016:OCI does not confer political rights. 4672: 4648: 3753: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3514: 3373:regardless of nationality. (See also 2985:EU and EFTA countries and microstates 2832:allows dual citizenship and observes 1600:certificates in September 2007 after 1290:Multiple citizenship "not recognized" 7880: 7348: 6941:"Immigration Guide – Naturalization" 6688: 6646: 6334: 6256:New Zealand Herald (July 28, 2003). 6209:New Zealand Herald (July 24, 2003). 5769:. military.about.com. Archived from 5624:Center for Immigration Studies 2001. 5466: 5351:"Åland in Brief — Right of Domicile" 5156:from the original on August 30, 2019 5098:Bhaduri, Ayshee (January 30, 2021). 5054:Overseas Citizenship of India Scheme 4201: 4184:"Article 9 of Constitution of India" 3017:adding citations to reliable sources 2988: 2465:and the former Lithuanian president 2166: 1949: 1617:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1391: 1337:adding citations to reliable sources 1308: 1221:Since 2008, Poland has granted the " 1182:adding citations to reliable sources 1149: 957:adding citations to reliable sources 928: 6967:"Vietnam to allow dual nationality" 6965:Zeller, Frank (November 14, 2008). 6666:Kannof, Abraham U. (January 2011). 6371:"Taxation of Foreign Source Income" 5792:Arthur L. Money (August 16, 2000). 5509: 4769:67/2022 [2023] ZASCA 97 4734:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 4605:, Austrian Embassy, Ottawa, Canada. 4487: 3946: 3831: 3778: 3754:Spiro, Peter J. (January 1, 2010). 2857:Macau Special Administrative Region 2801: 2637: 2461:Both the former Estonian president 2249:United States Department of Defense 1669: 1551:People's Republic of China passport 1476:on State citizenship. In addition, 1115:, which is pending as of July 2023. 911:, so some countries have abolished 13: 9525: 9524: 7722: 7691:, rferl.org; accessed May 6, 2021. 6495:Helena Bachmann (April 20, 2010). 6344:McKinnon, John D. (May 18, 2012). 5962:"Schwarzenegger 'damages Austria'" 5253:"Introduction to Dual Citizenship" 5148:Rahman, Zarina (August 20, 2019). 5091: 3740: 2680:providing an important shift. The 2671:Dominant and effective nationality 2458:issued before the MP took office. 2064:9% less likely to register to vote 1919:Commonwealth of Independent States 1146:Partial citizenship, and residency 684:Citizenship by holding an office ( 14: 10569: 7810: 7729:Thomas Faist, ed. (August 2007). 7116: 7056:Loa Iok-sin (December 15, 2012). 6571:. Secretariat of Foreign Affairs. 5933: 4705:, usatoday.com, November 4, 2011. 3756:"Dual citizenship as human right" 3570:Visa policy of the United Kingdom 3421:Iceland allows dual citizenship. 3415: 3087:Citizenship of the European Union 2608:United States Department of State 2433:, controversy arose in 2003 when 1888:(including Svalbard Islands) and 1766:Legislative Assembly of Singapore 1021:in the independent states of the 625:. Additionally, the countries of 496:Citizenship of multiple countries 10527: 10526: 9289: 9242: 9241: 7963:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7706: 7694: 7682: 7666: 7643: 7577: 7552: 7540: 7526: 7498: 7446: 7421: 7323: 7278: 7263: 7238: 7212: 7199: 7193: 7172: 7158: 7141: 7125: 7110: 7087: 7075: 7049: 7037: 7023: 7009: 6995: 6977: 6958: 6933: 6907: 6882: 6860: 6835: 6782: 6757: 6753:. European University Institute. 6739: 6713: 6701: 6682: 6659: 6640: 6622: 6597: 6575: 6561: 6535: 6526: 6507: 6488: 6469: 6444: 6388: 6363: 6322: 6301: 6275: 6249: 6228: 6202: 6144: 6106: 6076: 6055: 6046: 6025:Blake, Aaron (August 19, 2013). 5927: 5900: 5884: 5858: 5844: 5818: 5785: 5759: 5745: 5601:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00544.x 5274:Chan Yung (September 21, 2013). 3832:Cite error: The named reference 3613: 3441:Norway allows dual citizenship. 2993: 2824:parliamentary eligibility crisis 2775:automatic birthright citizenship 2582:Issues with international travel 2171: 2163:Appearance of foreign allegiance 2156:Immigration to the United States 1954: 1690:Following the federalization of 1489:three-tier system of citizenship 1480:affords members ("citizens") of 1396: 1313: 1154: 933: 925:Complex laws on dual citizenship 9108:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 7634:dissolution of the Soviet Union 6919:Radio New Zealand International 6284:"Labour in laager on passports" 5986:Gillman, Todd (June 10, 2014). 5733: 5719: 5707: 5653: 5639: 5627: 5615: 5577: 5568: 5558: 5540: 5503: 5487: 5460: 5433: 5417: 5395: 5369: 5343: 5315: 5293: 5267: 5245: 5223: 5193: 5168: 5124:"UAE to allow dual citizenship" 5115: 5066: 5047: 5021: 4993: 4967: 4877: 4863: 4845: 4820: 4795: 4774: 4756: 4726: 4708: 4696: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4628: 4608: 4596: 4579: 4553: 4533: 4527: 4481: 4456: 4442: 4416: 4404: 4382: 4370: 4348: 4315: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4260: 4235: 4232:, Ministry of Justice of Japan. 4222: 4176: 4167: 4156: 4130: 4119: 4101: 4083: 4067: 4042: 3985: 3968: 3940: 3909: 3884: 3436:Liechtensteiner nationality law 3207:could have dual citizenship if 3004:needs additional citations for 2787:as stated in Article 34 of the 2737: 2619:. An example of this occurs in 2558:foreign earned income exclusion 2472:Environmental Protection Agency 2370:and the previous leader of the 1768:subject to the approval of the 1388:Multiple citizenship encouraged 1324:needs additional citations for 1275:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement 944:needs additional citations for 432:and dual citizenship. The 1930 319:nationality and citizenship law 10168: 8945:Federated States of Micronesia 8309:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 7482:. Antillenhuis. Archived from 6672:Emory International Law Review 6331:, csmonitor.com, July 7, 1999. 5730:, Guardian, November 11, 2006. 4163:Azerbaijani law on citizenship 3855: 3843: 3817: 3798: 3701: 3364:In Spain, Spanish citizens by 2913:do not allow dual citizenship. 2851:(CNL) has been applied in the 2682:International Court of Justice 1592:The territorial government of 1528:Special Administrative Regions 486:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1976 1: 6125:CBC News (December 8, 2006). 6115:, cbc.ca, September 25, 2005. 5960:BBC News (January 22, 2005). 5907:Zitun, Yoav (June 20, 1995). 5467:Boll, Alfred Michael (2007). 5201:"Tener la doble nacionalidad" 4661:Double nationality agreements 4218:(Law 12, Article 23.a). 2006. 3776:– via academic.oup.com. 3694: 3673:, US Supreme Court Case, 1795 3274:Luxembourgian nationality law 3138:for Northern Cyprus citizens. 2957:Overseas Citizenship of India 2653: 2113:tend to follow this approach. 2011:A study published in 2007 in 1804:law, there is the concept of 1463:citizens of the United States 384:In the aftermath of the 1867 9226:British Overseas Territories 7455:; accessed October 25, 2015. 6818:"Nacionalidad | Cancillería" 6482:International Herald Tribune 5377:"Right of domicile in Åland" 5231:"Rules of Swiss citizenship" 5207:(in Spanish). Archived from 3549:, explicitly forbidden with 3522:Ministry of Internal Affairs 3081:EU countries and microstates 2326:(official representative of 1930:Effects and potential issues 1444:(since January 1, 1992) and 1109:Constitution of South Africa 761:Multiple citizenship avoided 725:applies to the whole of the 589:adopted from another country 476:British Nationality Act 1948 7: 9096:Renunciation of citizenship 6765:"Panama – Dual Citizenship" 6516:"An American Tax Nightmare" 6514:Stu Haugen (May 13, 2015). 4587:Constitution of Kenya, 2010 4488:Limited, Jamaica Observer. 4358:. Japan Ministry Of Justice 4356:"The Choice Of Nationality" 3627: 3541:and, in the context of the 2613:compulsory military service 2548:or agreements for avoiding 2485: 2194:, discuss the issue on the 1981:conditions to do so are met 1482:federally recognized tribes 1474:can sometimes be determined 1409:to comply with Knowledge's 900:apply for each citizenship. 752:, were entitled to live in 584:Citizenship by adoption. A 418:United States Supreme Court 404:, in his annual message to 339:renunciation of citizenship 10: 10574: 9374:Weberian (three-component) 7733:. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. 6585:. U.S. Department of State 6499:. time.com. Archived from 6070:November 17, 2008, at the 5353:. aland.fi. Archived from 4592:(Constitution, 78). 2010. 4109:"UK Visas and Immigration" 3442: 3433: 3422: 3409:San Marino nationality law 3405:Monégasque nationality law 3337:Portuguese nationality law 3267:Lithuanian nationality law 3049:European Union citizenship 3046: 2720:Dual citizenship by region 2512:Hungary, Italy, and Spain. 2489: 2324:Governor General of Canada 1795:Supra-national citizenship 1293: 499: 371: 10522: 10463: 10355: 10323: 10290: 10216: 10188: 10175: 10162: 10080: 10037: 9997: 9979: 9898: 9816: 9776: 9685: 9678: 9633: 9536: 9532: 9519: 9382: 9336: 9332: 9303: 9221: 9195: 9137: 9078: 9031: 8932: 8822: 8649: 8642: 8411: 8336: 8193: 8186: 7895: 7888: 7822:The Hague 1930 Convention 7657:Dual Citizenship: 20,000 7299:10.1163/9789004411784_008 7136:Basic Law: The Government 6971:The Sydney Morning Herald 6769:dualcitizenshipreport.org 6195:1016 (23 June 1999), 5893:, dod.mil (archived from 4074:A Guide to naturalization 3445:Norwegian nationality law 3425:Icelandic nationality law 3359:Slovenian nationality law 3229:Hungarian nationality law 3109:Bulgarian nationality law 2979: 2789:Constitution of Venezuela 2724: 2394:Constitution of Australia 2109:and the countries of the 1754:Singapore joined Malaysia 595:Citizenship by investment 564:Citizenship by marriage ( 75:Aboard aircraft and ships 10496:Pre-industrial East Asia 7943:Central African Republic 7356:"Cyprus country profile" 6894:U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE 6403:www.agenciatributaria.es 6102:with English translation 5552:european-union.europa.eu 4268:Constitution of Malaysia 3639:Canadians of convenience 3401:Andorran nationality law 3344:Romanian nationality law 3307:, right of abode in the 3179:Estonian nationality law 3116:Croatian nationality law 3095:Austrian nationality law 2945:allows dual citizenship. 2939:allows dual citizenship. 2919:allows dual citizenship. 2569:Internal Revenue Service 2544:territories have signed 1909:Commonwealth citizenship 1598:Puerto Rican citizenship 1422:may contain suggestions. 1407:may need to be rewritten 1097:Minister of Home Affairs 1041:Beibehaltungsgenehmigung 526:Citizenship by descent ( 398:Expatriation Act of 1868 41: No nationality law 9544:Administrative detainee 9041:Commonwealth of Nations 7798:. New York: NYU Press. 7794:Peter J. Spiro (2016). 7661:wants Serbia's passport 7584:Knott, Eleanor (2022). 7547:Spanish nationality law 7180:"Merger of PIO and OCI" 5588:The Journal of Politics 5255:. Australian Government 3993:"Consular Services FAQ" 3606: 3558:British nationality law 3382:Swedish nationality law 3375:Spanish nationality law 3281:Maltese nationality law 3263:Lithuanian Constitution 3256:Latvian nationality law 3248:Italian nationality law 3186:Finnish nationality law 3123:Cypriot nationality law 3102:Belgian nationality law 2878:Burmese nationality law 2665:National Health Service 2626:In accordance with the 2601:Master Nationality Rule 2573:Alternative Minimum Tax 2419:High Court of Australia 2402:parliament of Australia 2378:, former Leader of the 2368:Liberal Party of Canada 2014:The Journal of Politics 1913:Commonwealth of Nations 1894:European migrant crisis 1808:, which flows from the 1717:Before the break-up of 1663:New Zealand citizenship 1532:household registration 1452:Subnational citizenship 1448:(since April 4, 2002). 1296:Master Nationality Rule 1105:Supreme Court of Appeal 1066:Spanish nationality law 786:(with the exception of 438:Master Nationality Rule 9960: 8855:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7250:www.europarl.europa.eu 7132:Basic Law: The Knesset 6822:www.cancilleria.gov.co 6794:www.cancilleria.gov.co 6543:"travel report — Iran" 6288:The New Zealand Herald 6262:The New Zealand Herald 6215:The New Zealand Herald 5891:ISCR Case No. 02-21102 5665:July 11, 2009, at the 3644:History of citizenship 3528:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3352:Slovak nationality law 3330:Polish nationality law 3214:German nationality law 3193:French nationality law 3166:Danish nationality law 2492:International taxation 2287:Governor of California 1770:Parliament of Malaysia 1760:citizens were granted 1731:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1609:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1543:Hong Kong SAR passport 1023:Commonwealth Caribbean 515: 43: 10501:Pre-industrial Europe 9238:Partially recognized. 8103:São Tomé and Príncipe 6181:[1999] HCA 30 6164:on December 11, 2011. 5806:on September 22, 2009 5528:on September 16, 2012 5496:Parliamentary Debates 5205:Ministerio de Justica 5152:. Richmond Chambers. 4690:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3922:Intercountry Adoption 3478:Nordic Passport Union 3465:Schweizer Bürgerrecht 3461:Swiss nationality law 3288:Dutch nationality law 3241:Irish nationality law 3221:Greek nationality law 3145:Czech nationality law 2366:, former head of the 2283:Arnold Schwarzenegger 2131:Immigration to Europe 2023:cultural assimilation 1946:National cohesiveness 1870:Nordic Passport Union 1747:Serbia and Montenegro 1243:Constitution of India 1046:Arnold Schwarzenegger 879:Automatic citizenship 742:1999 and 24 June 2004 723:Irish nationality law 619:Saint Kitts and Nevis 513: 212:Diplomatic protection 24: 10553:Multiple citizenship 10358: or countries 10169:By country or region 9407:Class discrimination 9177:Second-class citizen 9150:Multiple citizenship 8619:United Arab Emirates 8253:(Kingdom of Denmark) 7117:aruna, Immigration. 6847:venezuela.justia.com 5773:on February 17, 2009 5405:. signonsandiego.com 4720:Global Legal Monitor 4303:. Articles 11 and 13 3543:annexation of Crimea 3305:European Netherlands 3013:improve this article 2480:Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga 2463:Toomas Hendrik Ilves 2380:New Democratic Party 2192:improve this section 1818:freely live and work 1704:peaceful dissolution 1702:. Upon the nation's 1648:Peninsular Malaysian 1565:have their mainland 1333:improve this article 1253:overseas citizenship 1178:improve this section 1113:Constitutional Court 953:improve this article 307:multiple nationality 303:Multiple citizenship 9890:Vanniar (Chieftain) 9167:Permanent residency 9086:Loss of citizenship 9061:Caribbean Community 8314:Trinidad and Tobago 8299:St. Kitts and Nevis 8201:Antigua and Barbuda 7655:(Serbian; English: 7362:. December 23, 2011 7224:Mainichi Daily News 7189:. January 16, 2015. 7005:. October 27, 2021. 6921:. November 29, 2013 6609:Sable International 6350:Wall Street Journal 6032:The Washington Post 5993:Dallas Morning News 5426:(Serbian; English: 4977:. Business Standard 4692:. November 5, 2011. 4565:jamaica-gleaner.com 4468:pdba.georgetown.edu 4230:The Nationality Law 3850:"Dutchmen grounded" 3773:10.1093/icon/mop035 3634:Accidental American 3480:allows citizens of 2931:government minister 2534:foreign tax credits 2372:official opposition 2298:US Attorney General 1968:of this article is 1496:British nationality 1470:wherein they reside 1266:permanent residency 1025:, nationals of any 731:Republic of Ireland 694:Vatican citizenship 650:. The countries of 607:Antigua and Barbuda 364:or holding certain 237:Permanent residency 10471:18th-century Spain 10325:Standard of living 10029:Upper middle class 10024:Lower middle class 9615:Political prisoner 9397:Chattering classes 9369:Spoon class theory 8241:Dominican Republic 7560:"Dual citizenship" 7334:. Berghahn Books. 7119:"Dual Citizenship" 6503:on April 22, 2010. 6100:December 12, 2008 5357:on August 22, 2007 5233:. Swiss Government 5059:2012-05-04 at the 4919:The Economic Times 4788:on July 25, 2023. 4673:Spanish Civil Code 4649:Spanish Civil Code 4519:has generic name ( 4430:. December 2, 2017 4144:on August 26, 2014 4054:, 3 US 133 (1795)" 4028:. Berghahn Books. 3810:2010-02-04 at the 3707:See, for example, 3515:The rest of Europe 3509:Common Travel Area 3387:The four European 2567:The United States 2336:Jean-Daniel Lafond 2322:was appointed the 2313:minister president 2236:security clearance 2027:social integration 1814:European Community 1712:Slovak citizenship 1626:, a federation of 1547:Macau SAR passport 1500:Crown Dependencies 1487:Switzerland has a 1478:tribal sovereignty 688:). In the case of 516: 454:Theodore Roosevelt 257:Identity cleansing 44: 10540: 10539: 10518: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10351: 10350: 10158: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10052:Lumpenproletariat 9554:illegal immigrant 9515: 9514: 9427:Classless society 9257: 9256: 9231:Open border with 9074: 9073: 8928: 8927: 8407: 8406: 8327:US Virgin Islands 8254: 7978:Equatorial Guinea 7835:Council of Europe 7740:978-0-7546-4914-4 7597:978-0-2280-1150-7 7486:on August 9, 2010 7341:978-1-57181-804-1 6945:www.hikorea.go.kr 6727:. August 29, 2017 6634:eur-lex.europa.eu 5934:Nadin, Mitchell. 5510:Džankić, Jelena. 5323:"「雙非」離港潮:做回內地人很難" 5211:on April 16, 2017 5084:978-0-230-00654-6 4889:Service-Public.fr 4803:"Çok Vatandaşlık" 4035:978-1-57181-804-1 3689:World citizenship 3684:Third Culture Kid 3678:Tănase v. Moldova 3313:identity card BES 3209:born and grown up 3045: 3044: 3037: 2973:Republic of China 2455:Labour Government 2340:French civil code 2289:while US Senator 2224: 2223: 2216: 2034:national identity 2009: 2008: 2001: 1898:COVID-19 pandemic 1810:Maastricht Treaty 1781:Jammu and Kashmir 1677:internal passport 1437: 1436: 1411:quality standards 1365: 1364: 1357: 1214: 1213: 1206: 985: 984: 977: 727:island of Ireland 410:Bancroft Treaties 300: 299: 247:Right to homeland 10565: 10530: 10529: 10357: 10258:Mexican-American 10186: 10185: 10177: 10176: 10164: 10163: 9965: 9908:Business magnate 9798:Knowledge worker 9683: 9682: 9571:dual or multiple 9534: 9533: 9521: 9520: 9475:Social exclusion 9470:Social cleansing 9384: 9334: 9333: 9323:Economic classes 9284: 9277: 9270: 9261: 9260: 9245: 9244: 9091:Denaturalization 8980:Papua New Guinea 8965:Marshall Islands 8647: 8646: 8252: 8191: 8190: 7893: 7892: 7882:Nationality laws 7875: 7868: 7861: 7852: 7851: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7782:on April 4, 2006 7781: 7775:. Archived from 7774: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7754: 7744: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7670: 7664: 7654: 7647: 7641: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7617: 7609: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7381: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7184: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7145: 7139: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6814: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6549:on June 11, 2007 6539: 6533: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6423: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6400: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6341: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6156: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6080: 6074: 6059: 6053: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6008: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5904: 5898: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5868:. Archived from 5862: 5856: 5855: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5828:. Archived from 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5799:. Archived from 5798: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5690: 5679: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5516: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5437: 5431: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5301:"申请赴香港、澳门定居定居须知" 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5180:travel.state.gov 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5070: 5064: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5011: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4926: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4747: 4745: 4740:on July 25, 2023 4730: 4724: 4723: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4612: 4606: 4603:Dual Citizenship 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4567:. April 20, 2018 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4494:Jamaica Observer 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4420: 4414: 4410:See examples in 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4331: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4302: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4239: 4233: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4087: 4081: 4078:Responsibilities 4071: 4065: 4064: 4052:Talbot v. Janson 4046: 4040: 4039: 4021: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3954:Business Insider 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3928:on March 1, 2011 3913: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3899: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3805:Dual citizenship 3802: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3775: 3751: 3738: 3732: 3711: 3705: 3670:Talbot v. Janson 3621: 3617: 3136:alien's passport 3040: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3020: 2997: 2989: 2802:Asia and Oceania 2785:dual nationality 2638:Military service 2597:Soviet republics 2358:was born in the 2309:David McAllister 2219: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1687:, respectively). 1670:Former instances 1653:People from the 1613:Republika Srpska 1432: 1429: 1423: 1400: 1392: 1369:citizen's rights 1360: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1340: 1317: 1309: 1209: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1189: 1158: 1150: 1075:or Sephardi Jews 980: 973: 969: 966: 960: 937: 929: 750:British citizens 735:Northern Ireland 664:Marshall Islands 538:lost citizenship 402:Ulysses S. Grant 346:national service 309:) is a person's 292: 285: 278: 252:Voluntary return 165:Lost citizenship 46: 45: 40: 34: 28: 10573: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10510: 10459: 10347: 10319: 10286: 10270:Underprivileged 10212: 10171: 10170: 10146: 10076: 10033: 9993: 9975: 9894: 9812: 9772: 9674: 9629: 9528: 9527: 9511: 9490:Social position 9480:Social mobility 9378: 9328: 9299: 9298: 9288: 9258: 9253: 9217: 9191: 9172:Right of return 9133: 9070: 9033: 9027: 8990:Solomon Islands 8924: 8890:Northern Cyprus 8885:North Macedonia 8818: 8653: 8638: 8403: 8332: 8182: 7884: 7879: 7813: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7772: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7741: 7725: 7723:Further reading 7720: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7671: 7667: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7631: 7627: 7611: 7610: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7412: 7410: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7383: 7382: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7328: 7324: 7309: 7283: 7279: 7268: 7264: 7254: 7252: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7226:. July 19, 2017 7218: 7217: 7213: 7198: 7194: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7130: 7126: 7115: 7111: 7102: 7100: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7054: 7050: 7044:Nationality Law 7042: 7038: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6750: 6744: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6706: 6702: 6689:Namibian, The. 6687: 6683: 6664: 6660: 6645: 6641: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6552: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6512: 6508: 6493: 6489: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6425: 6424: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6342: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6207: 6203: 6173: 6169: 6161: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6123: 6119: 6111: 6107: 6096:Retrieved from 6095: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6072:Wayback Machine 6060: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6023: 6019: 6006: 6004: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5905: 5901: 5897:on 2005-11-09). 5889: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5872:on June 4, 2011 5864: 5863: 5859: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5832:on June 4, 2011 5824: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5790: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5700: 5693: 5685:(archived from 5680: 5673: 5667:Wayback Machine 5658: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5514: 5508: 5504: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5454: 5438: 5434: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5383:on July 4, 2007 5375: 5374: 5370: 5360: 5358: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5120: 5116: 5105:Hindustan Times 5096: 5092: 5085: 5071: 5067: 5061:Wayback Machine 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5009: 5007: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4980: 4978: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4953: 4952:. June 29, 2023 4942: 4941: 4937: 4924: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4832:www.dgip.gov.pk 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4743: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4701: 4697: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4540:www.wiredja.com 4532: 4528: 4516: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4496: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4227: 4223: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4115:. June 6, 2023. 4107: 4106: 4102: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4072: 4068: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4036: 4022: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3897: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3834:unobjectionable 3833: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3812:Wayback Machine 3803: 3799: 3792: 3788: 3752: 3741: 3733: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3659:Nationality law 3630: 3625: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3517: 3484:(including the 3474: 3447: 3438: 3427: 3418: 3309:Dutch Caribbean 3297:Dutch nationals 3083: 3051: 3041: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3010: 2998: 2987: 2982: 2929:or appointed a 2898:the Philippines 2818:, Philippines, 2804: 2740: 2727: 2722: 2691: 2673: 2656: 2646:established at 2640: 2591:, Mexico, many 2584: 2550:double taxation 2494: 2488: 2453:. As such, the 2441:Harry Duynhoven 2278: 2220: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2189: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2118:assimilationist 2005: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1974: 1959: 1955: 1948: 1932: 1797: 1739:North Macedonia 1681:titular nations 1672: 1628:thirteen states 1563:one-way permits 1521:belonger status 1454: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1414: 1401: 1390: 1378:right of return 1361: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1330: 1318: 1307: 1298: 1292: 1280:A citizen of a 1210: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1175: 1159: 1148: 1101:age of majority 1080:Prior to 2011, 1013:Harry Duynhoven 981: 970: 964: 961: 950: 938: 927: 881: 854:age of majority 840:the Netherlands 763: 577:Citizenship by 508: 500:Main articles: 498: 481:Afroyim v. Rusk 450:George Bancroft 374: 354:consular access 296: 262:Right of return 207:Criminalization 42: 38: 36: 32: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10571: 10561: 10560: 10555: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10491:Ottoman Empire 10488: 10483: 10478: 10476:Ancient Greece 10473: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10450:United Kingdom 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10361: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10345: 10343:Home-ownership 10340: 10335: 10329: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10296: 10294: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10222: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10198:American Dream 10195: 10189: 10183: 10173: 10172: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10111: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10086: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10043: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10003: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9985: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9966: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9822: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9782: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9757: 9756: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9734: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9691: 9689: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9641: 9639: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9610:Migrant worker 9607: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9556: 9546: 9540: 9538: 9530: 9529: 9526:By demographic 9517: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9506:Status Anxiety 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9460:Ranked society 9457: 9452: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9402:Class conflict 9399: 9394: 9388: 9386: 9385: topics 9380: 9379: 9377: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9359:Mudsill theory 9356: 9351: 9346: 9340: 9338: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9319: 9312: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9297: 9296: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9279: 9272: 9264: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9251: 9239: 9236: 9229: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9152: 9147: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9103:Naturalization 9100: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9056:Nordic Council 9053: 9048: 9046:European Union 9043: 9037: 9035: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9009:American Samoa 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8920:United Kingdom 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8826: 8824: 8823:Rest of Europe 8820: 8819: 8817: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8689:Czech Republic 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8660: 8658: 8651:European Union 8644: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8197: 8195: 8188: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8168:Western Sahara 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7958:Congo Republic 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7899: 7897: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7878: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7825: 7818: 7817: 7812: 7811:External links 7809: 7808: 7807: 7792: 7765: 7745: 7739: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7665: 7642: 7625: 7596: 7576: 7551: 7539: 7525: 7497: 7471: 7457: 7445: 7431:(in Turkish). 7420: 7409:. refworld.org 7398: 7387:. refworld.org 7373: 7347: 7340: 7322: 7307: 7277: 7262: 7237: 7211: 7192: 7171: 7157: 7140: 7124: 7109: 7086: 7074: 7048: 7036: 7022: 7008: 6994: 6976: 6957: 6932: 6906: 6881: 6859: 6834: 6806: 6781: 6756: 6738: 6712: 6700: 6681: 6658: 6639: 6621: 6596: 6574: 6560: 6534: 6525: 6506: 6487: 6468: 6443: 6415: 6387: 6362: 6333: 6321: 6300: 6274: 6248: 6227: 6201: 6167: 6143: 6117: 6105: 6075: 6054: 6045: 6017: 5978: 5966:news.bbc.co.uk 5952: 5940:The Australian 5926: 5915:. Ynetnews.com 5899: 5883: 5857: 5843: 5817: 5784: 5758: 5744: 5732: 5718: 5706: 5691: 5689:on 2012-10-06) 5683:Connectedness" 5671: 5652: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5595:(2): 469–482. 5576: 5567: 5557: 5539: 5502: 5486: 5479: 5459: 5452: 5432: 5416: 5394: 5368: 5342: 5331:. May 30, 2013 5314: 5292: 5266: 5244: 5222: 5192: 5167: 5140: 5114: 5090: 5083: 5065: 5046: 5035:. June 6, 2023 5020: 5005:www.mea.gov.in 4992: 4966: 4935: 4921:. May 22, 2023 4906: 4876: 4862: 4844: 4819: 4807:www.nvi.gov.tr 4794: 4773: 4755: 4725: 4707: 4695: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4627: 4621:Deutsche Welle 4607: 4595: 4578: 4552: 4526: 4480: 4455: 4441: 4415: 4403: 4381: 4369: 4347: 4323: 4314: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4266:Article 24 of 4259: 4234: 4221: 4200: 4175: 4166: 4155: 4129: 4118: 4100: 4082: 4066: 4041: 4034: 4009: 3984: 3967: 3947:Altchek, Ana. 3939: 3908: 3883: 3854: 3842: 3825: 3816: 3797: 3786: 3766:(1): 111–130. 3739: 3712: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3674: 3666: 3664:Naturalization 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3592: 3581: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3539:European Union 3531: 3525: 3516: 3513: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3448: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3417: 3416:EFTA countries 3414: 3413: 3412: 3396: 3395: 3385: 3378: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3301:right of abode 3292: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3259: 3251: 3244: 3232: 3224: 3217: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3141: 3140: 3139: 3131:United Nations 3119: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3082: 3079: 3043: 3042: 3001: 2999: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2965: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2920: 2914: 2904: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2881: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2838: 2827: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2778: 2739: 2736: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2690: 2687: 2678:Nottebohm case 2672: 2669: 2655: 2652: 2639: 2636: 2593:Arab countries 2583: 2580: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2490:Main article: 2487: 2484: 2467:Valdas Adamkus 2376:Thomas Mulcair 2360:United Kingdom 2320:Michaëlle Jean 2277: 2274: 2222: 2221: 2186:of the subject 2184:worldwide view 2179: 2177: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2134: 2114: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2007: 2006: 1962: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1916: 1905:United Kingdom 1901: 1866: 1831:Czech Republic 1806:EU citizenship 1802:European Union 1796: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1773: 1750: 1715: 1692:Czechoslovakia 1688: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1651: 1620: 1605: 1602:Juan Mari Brás 1596:began issuing 1590: 1586:(hembygdsrätt) 1574: 1539:mainland China 1524: 1517:European Union 1498:purposes, the 1492: 1485: 1471: 1453: 1450: 1435: 1434: 1404: 1402: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1363: 1362: 1321: 1319: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1270: 1261: 1260: 1248: 1247: 1238: 1230: 1212: 1211: 1194:September 2015 1162: 1160: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1090: 1078: 1057: 1049: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1019: 1016: 1008: 1001: 998: 995: 983: 982: 965:September 2015 941: 939: 932: 926: 923: 922: 921: 917: 901: 880: 877: 876: 875: 872: 869: 850: 843: 832:Prime Minister 796:Mainland China 762: 759: 746:Irish citizens 699: 698: 682: 675: 592: 582: 579:naturalization 575: 572:sham marriages 567:jus matrimonii 562: 541: 506:Naturalization 497: 494: 373: 370: 366:public offices 335:naturalization 298: 297: 295: 294: 287: 280: 272: 269: 268: 267: 266: 265: 264: 259: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 222:Foreign worker 219: 214: 209: 204: 203: 202: 189: 188: 182: 181: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 162: 157: 156: 155: 150: 145: 138:Naturalization 135: 134: 133: 128: 123: 110: 109: 103: 102: 101: 100: 99: 98: 86: 79: 78: 77: 64: 63: 57: 56: 37: 31: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10570: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10533: 10525: 10524: 10521: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10455:United States 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10356:Other regions 10354: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10289: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10181:United States 10178: 10174: 10165: 10161: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9990: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9815: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9769: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9755: 9752: 9751: 9750: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9632: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9620:Socioeconomic 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9599: 9596: 9595: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9567: 9564: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9522: 9518: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9495:Social stigma 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9485:Social orphan 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9444: 9443:Nouveau riche 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9417:Class traitor 9415: 9413: 9412:Class society 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9349:Gilbert model 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9295: 9292: 9291: 9285: 9280: 9278: 9273: 9271: 9266: 9265: 9262: 9250: 9249: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9233:Schengen Area 9230: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9182:Statelessness 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9122: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9114:Ius sanguinis 9111: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9101: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9066:African Union 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034:organizations 9032:International 9030: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9005:United States 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8931: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8821: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8749:Liechtenstein 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8656:Schengen Area 8652: 8648: 8645: 8641: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8319:United States 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8018:Guinea-Bissau 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7876: 7871: 7869: 7864: 7862: 7857: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7816:International 7815: 7814: 7805: 7804:9780814785829 7801: 7797: 7793: 7778: 7771: 7766: 7751: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7714: 7709: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7636:in 1991, The 7635: 7629: 7621: 7615: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7548: 7543: 7535: 7529: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7467: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7408: 7402: 7386: 7380: 7378: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7308:9789004411784 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7281: 7273: 7266: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7200:NEWS, KYODO. 7196: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7167: 7161: 7150: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7128: 7120: 7113: 7098: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7078: 7063: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7018: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6961: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6869: 6863: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6749: 6742: 6726: 6722: 6716: 6709: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6584: 6578: 6570: 6564: 6553:September 26, 6548: 6544: 6538: 6529: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6420: 6404: 6397: 6391: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6338: 6330: 6325: 6310: 6304: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6237: 6231: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6183:, (1999) 199 6182: 6178: 6177: 6171: 6160: 6153: 6147: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6058: 6049: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6003: 5999: 5998:Dallas, Texas 5995: 5994: 5989: 5982: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5892: 5887: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5853: 5847: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5754: 5748: 5742:July 1, 2002. 5741: 5736: 5729: 5728: 5722: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5648: 5642: 5635: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5524: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5498: 5497: 5490: 5482: 5480:9789004148383 5476: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5453:9789041117106 5449: 5445: 5444: 5436: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5409:September 26, 5404: 5398: 5387:September 26, 5382: 5378: 5372: 5361:September 26, 5356: 5352: 5346: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5318: 5302: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5226: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5129: 5128:The Telegraph 5125: 5118: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5050: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5017: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4989: 4976: 4970: 4963: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4939: 4932: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4894: 4891:(in French). 4890: 4886: 4880: 4872: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4759: 4752: 4744:September 22, 4739: 4735: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4657: 4650: 4645: 4637: 4631: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4588: 4582: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4510: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4451: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4373: 4357: 4351: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4318: 4299: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4225: 4213: 4207: 4205: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4170: 4164: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4061: 4060:John Rutledge 4055: 4053: 4045: 4037: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3977: 3971: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3893: 3887: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3829: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3616: 3612: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3547:war in Donbas 3544: 3540: 3535: 3534:Ukrainian law 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486:Faroe Islands 3483: 3479: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3429: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3371:Sephardi Jews 3367: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3295:Although all 3294: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3237:birth tourism 3233: 3230: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3157:Faroe Islands 3154: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3039: 3036: 3028: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3002:This section 3000: 2996: 2991: 2990: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2796: 2795:United States 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2735: 2733: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2704:The Americas: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2660:public health 2651: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2630:(ETIAS), the 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2595:, and former 2594: 2590: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2530:earned income 2527: 2523: 2518: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2412:Senator-elect 2409: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2364:Stéphane Dion 2361: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2296:In 1999, the 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2218: 2215: 2207: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2185: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2138:multicultural 2135: 2132: 2128: 2127:Islamic dress 2124: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2003: 2000: 1992: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1907:recognises a 1906: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1872:, containing 1871: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756:in 1963, all 1755: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1644:East Malaysia 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537:somewhere in 1536: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1431: 1428:February 2020 1421: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1405:This section 1403: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1359: 1356: 1348: 1345:November 2015 1338: 1334: 1328: 1327: 1322:This section 1320: 1316: 1311: 1310: 1302: 1297: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1205: 1197: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1163:This section 1161: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1061:Iberoamerican 1058: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1006: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 992: 990: 989: 988: 979: 976: 968: 958: 954: 948: 947: 942:This section 940: 936: 931: 930: 918: 914: 910: 909:birth tourism 906: 902: 899: 898: 897:jus sanguinis 893: 892: 886: 885: 884: 873: 870: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 848: 844: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828:Saudi Arabian 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 768: 767: 758: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 717: 712: 708: 707:John Rutledge 705: 704:Chief Justice 695: 691: 687: 683: 680: 679:Law of Return 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 593: 590: 587: 583: 580: 576: 573: 569: 568: 563: 560: 559:jus sanguinis 556: 552: 551:birth tourism 548: 547: 542: 539: 535: 534:jus sanguinis 531: 530: 529:jus sanguinis 525: 524: 523: 521: 512: 507: 503: 493: 491: 487: 483: 482: 477: 471: 469: 468: 467:jus sanguinis 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 441: 439: 435: 431: 430:statelessness 427: 422: 419: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 386:Fenian Rising 382: 380: 369: 367: 363: 362:police forces 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 340: 336: 331: 329: 328:right to vote 323: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 293: 288: 286: 281: 279: 274: 273: 271: 270: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 192: 191: 190: 187: 184: 183: 176: 173: 171: 170:denaturalized 168: 167: 166: 163: 161: 158: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131:transnational 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 112: 111: 108: 105: 104: 97: 96:Birth tourism 94: 93: 92: 91: 87: 85: 84: 83:Jus sanguinis 80: 76: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 66: 65: 62: 59: 58: 55: 51: 48: 47: 23: 19: 10506:Soviet Union 10481:Ancient Rome 10338:Homelessness 10263:Upper Middle 10135: / 10116: / 10107: / 10072:Working poor 9968: 9955:Robber baron 9778:Intellectual 9768:Royal family 9732:Ancient Rome 9586:second-class 9570: 9504: 9447: 9446: / 9441: 9437:High society 9344:Elite theory 9321: 9314: 9307: 9294:Social class 9247: 9213:Soviet Union 9208:Ancient Rome 9203:Nazi Germany 9149: 9129:Repatriation 9119: 9112: 9079:By procedure 8614:Turkmenistan 8569:Saudi Arabia 8133:South Africa 8118:Sierra Leone 7923:Burkina Faso 7889:By continent 7795: 7784:. Retrieved 7777:the original 7757:. Retrieved 7730: 7708: 7696: 7684: 7676: 7668: 7656: 7645: 7628: 7590:. Montreal. 7586: 7579: 7567:. Retrieved 7563: 7554: 7542: 7528: 7516:. Retrieved 7509: 7500: 7488:. Retrieved 7484:the original 7474: 7468:. Arubahuis. 7460: 7448: 7436:. Retrieved 7423: 7411:. Retrieved 7401: 7389:. Retrieved 7366:February 14, 7364:. Retrieved 7359: 7350: 7331: 7325: 7290: 7280: 7265: 7253:. Retrieved 7249: 7240: 7228:. Retrieved 7223: 7214: 7205: 7195: 7186: 7174: 7160: 7143: 7127: 7112: 7101:, retrieved 7095: 7089: 7077: 7067:November 21, 7065:. Retrieved 7062:Taipei Times 7061: 7051: 7039: 7031: 7025: 7011: 6997: 6989:Bangkok Post 6988: 6979: 6970: 6960: 6948:. Retrieved 6944: 6935: 6925:December 10, 6923:. Retrieved 6918: 6909: 6897:. Retrieved 6893: 6884: 6872:. Retrieved 6870:(in Spanish) 6862: 6850:. Retrieved 6846: 6837: 6825:. Retrieved 6821: 6797:. Retrieved 6793: 6784: 6772:. Retrieved 6768: 6759: 6741: 6729:. Retrieved 6725:Refworld.org 6724: 6715: 6703: 6695:The Namibian 6694: 6684: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6652: 6642: 6633: 6624: 6612:. Retrieved 6608: 6599: 6587:. Retrieved 6577: 6563: 6551:. Retrieved 6547:the original 6537: 6528: 6519: 6509: 6501:the original 6490: 6481: 6471: 6459:. Retrieved 6455: 6446: 6434:. Retrieved 6430: 6408:December 16, 6406:. Retrieved 6402: 6390: 6378:. Retrieved 6374: 6365: 6353:. Retrieved 6349: 6324: 6312:. Retrieved 6303: 6291:. Retrieved 6287: 6277: 6265:. Retrieved 6261: 6251: 6239:. Retrieved 6230: 6218:. Retrieved 6214: 6204: 6174: 6170: 6159:the original 6146: 6134:. Retrieved 6130: 6120: 6108: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6062: 6057: 6048: 6036:. Retrieved 6030: 6020: 6012: 6005:. Retrieved 5991: 5981: 5969:. Retrieved 5965: 5955: 5945:February 28, 5943:. Retrieved 5939: 5929: 5917:. Retrieved 5912: 5902: 5895:the original 5886: 5874:. Retrieved 5870:the original 5860: 5846: 5836:February 22, 5834:. Retrieved 5830:the original 5820: 5808:. 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Retrieved 4888: 4879: 4873:(in Polish). 4865: 4856: 4847: 4835:. Retrieved 4831: 4822: 4810:. Retrieved 4806: 4797: 4789: 4786:the original 4776: 4763: 4758: 4749: 4742:. Retrieved 4738:the original 4728: 4719: 4710: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4630: 4619: 4610: 4598: 4581: 4569:. Retrieved 4564: 4555: 4543:. Retrieved 4539: 4529: 4497:. Retrieved 4493: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4467: 4458: 4444: 4432:. Retrieved 4427: 4418: 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4384: 4372: 4360:. Retrieved 4350: 4338:. Retrieved 4317: 4307:September 7, 4305:. Retrieved 4292: 4283: 4274: 4262: 4250:. Retrieved 4246: 4237: 4228:Article 11, 4224: 4191:. Retrieved 4187: 4178: 4169: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4142:the original 4132: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4077: 4069: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4025: 4002:December 16, 4000:. Retrieved 3996: 3987: 3970: 3958:. Retrieved 3952: 3942: 3930:. Retrieved 3926:the original 3921: 3911: 3903: 3896:. 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