Lebanon - Knowledge

4584:, and contributed 3.1% to the country's GDP, as of 2020. Lebanon has the highest proportion of cultivable land in the Arab world. Major crops include apples, peaches, oranges, and lemons. A significant portion of the country's factories, approximately one-third, is dedicated to producing packaged food items, ranging from poultry to pickles. However, despite favorable conditions for farming and diverse microclimates, the country depends on food imports, constituting 80% of its consumption. This is mainly attributed to the small scale of many farms, preventing the benefits of economies of scale. The ongoing economic crisis and devaluation of the Lebanese pound have also negatively impacted the agricultural sector, particularly through elevated costs for essential imports such as seeds and fertilizers. This economic strain compounds existing burdens for farmers, including escalating debts and inefficient agricultural practices. Consequently, farmers are observing a decline in revenues and encountering difficulties in meeting loan repayment obligations. 2145: 2329: 4722: 2417: 2751: 6163: 2765:, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalization of the Lebanese political system. The civil war ended at the end of 1990 after 16 years; it had caused massive loss of human life and property and devastated the country's economy. It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded. Nearly a million civilians were displaced by the war, and some never returned. Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins. The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines. Conflict between Israel and Lebanese militants continued, leading to a series of violent events and clashes including the 3221: 8409:

had predicted it?" In the Middle East, Lebanon seems to offer a corresponding example. When the idea of a Greater Lebanon in 1908 was put forward in a book by Bulus Nujaym, a Lebanese Maronite writing under the pseudonym of M. Jouplain, he suggested that the natural boundaries of Lebanon were exactly the same as drawn in the 1861 and 1863 staff maps of the French military expedition to Syria, maps that added territories on the northern, eastern and southern borders, plus the city of Beirut, to the Mutasarrifiyya of Mount Lebanon. In this case, too, the prior existence of a European military map seems to have created a fact on the ground.

4520: 4044: 151: 2267: 2356:. The mandate was ended by the declaration of the mandatory power, and of the new states themselves, of their independence, followed by a process of piecemeal unconditional recognition by other powers, culminating in formal admission to the United Nations. Article 78 of the UN Charter ended the status of tutelage for any member state: "The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality." So when the UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, after ratification of the 3446: 139: 18787: 5796: 3283: 3620: 4923:). United States also has one the largest Lebanese population, at around 2,000,000. Another region with a significant diaspora are Gulf Countries, where the countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar (around 25,000 people), Saudi Arabia and UAE act as host countries to many Lebanese. 269,000 Lebanese citizens currently reside in Saudi Arabia. Around a third of the Lebanese workforce, about 350,000, live in Gulf countries according to some sources. Over 50% of the Lebanese diaspora are Christian, partly due to the large period of Christian emigration before 1943. 5360: 6360: 4759: 1937: 19251: 3458: 3532:

was designed to be a temporary solution, while the government would have devised a long-term plan. Sixteen years later al-Naameh was still open and exceeded its capacity by 13 million tons. In July 2015 the residents of the area, already protesting in the recent years, forced the closure of the dumpsite. The inefficiency of the government, as well as the corruption inside of the waste management company Sukleen in charge of managing the garbage in Lebanon, have resulted in piles of garbage blocking streets in Mount Lebanon and Beirut.

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jewelry, and carpets. This prosperity was later marred by four decades of conflict. Following the end of the civil war, Lebanon has developed a service-based economy centered around finance, real estate, and tourism. Nearly 65% of the Lebanese workforce attain employment in the services sector. The GDP contribution, accordingly, amounts to roughly 67.3% of the annual Lebanese GDP. However, dependence on the tourism and banking sectors leaves the economy vulnerable to political instability.

2517: 6262: 3536: 4699: 4425: 3729: 682: 3423:. In coastal areas, winters are generally cool and rainy whilst summers are hot and humid. In more elevated areas, temperatures usually drop below freezing during the winter with heavy snow cover that remains until early summer on the higher mountaintops. Although most of Lebanon receives a relatively large amount of rainfall, when measured annually in comparison to its arid surroundings, certain areas in north-eastern Lebanon receives only little because of the 4386: 19957: 19424: 80: 3517:(USFS), through the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI), was inaugurated in 2011 by planting cedar, pine, wild almond, juniper, fir, oak and other seedlings, in ten regions around Lebanon. As of 2016, forests covered 13.6% of Lebanon, and other wooded lands represented a further 11%. Since 2011, over 600,000 trees, including cedars and other native species, have been planted throughout the country as part of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI). 1740: 1585: 2747:. In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians, Muslims, and Syrians. The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi–Moroccan–Algerian committee to solve the crisis. On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all. A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return. 19436: 6346: 5081: 5741:

one-third of the country's public hospitals were operational, each with an average of 20 beds. By 2009, the country had 28 public hospitals, with a total of 2,550 beds. At public hospitals, hospitalized uninsured patients pay 5% of the bill, in comparison with 15% in private hospitals, with the Ministry of Public Health reimbursing the remainder. The Ministry of Public Health contracts with 138 private hospitals and 25 public hospitals.

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economic crisis has precipitated electricity shortages, prompting an increased reliance on diesel generators and subsequently contributing to environmental deterioration and health hazards. The scarcity of power has led to a heightened contamination of water sources. The compromised infrastructure, marked by sewage infiltrating drinking water, has given rise to significant health concerns, including an increase in cases of

18108: 707: 659: 640: 607: 588: 5038: 4638:, generating profits exceeding $ 4 billion. In recent decades, Hezbollah has intensified its engagement in the drug economy, with narcotics serving as a significant revenue stream for the group. Despite some of the harvest being retained for local use, a significant amount is smuggled worldwide. Despite ongoing efforts, the government's inability to control the drug-producing Beqaa Valley and address illicit 3844: 5028: 3094:, Lebanon's main port, destroyed the surrounding areas, killing over 200 people, and injuring thousands more. The cause of the explosion was later determined to be 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate that had been unsafely stored, and accidentally set on fire that Tuesday afternoon. Protests resumed within days following the explosion, which resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Hassan Diab and his 4651: 2623:. On 17 July 1981, Israeli aircraft bombed multi-story apartment buildings in Beirut that contained offices of PLO associated groups. The Lebanese delegate to the United Nations Security Council claimed that 300 civilians had been killed and 800 wounded. The bombing led to worldwide condemnation, and a temporary embargo on the export of U.S. aircraft to Israel. In August 1981, defense minister 4861: 5733: 4325: 2067:. However, this expansion raised concerns for Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, leading to a punitive expedition in 1633. Fakhr al-Din II was captured, imprisoned for two years, and subsequently executed in April 1635, along with one of his sons. Surviving members of his family continued to govern a reduced area under closer Ottoman supervision until the late 17th century. On the death of the 2584: 5653: 12334: 2401:. While some irregular forces crossed the border and carried out minor skirmishes against Israel, it was without the support of the Lebanese government, and Lebanese troops did not officially invade. Lebanon agreed to support the forces with covering artillery fire, armored cars, volunteers and logistical support. On 5–6 June 1948, the Lebanese army – led by the then 5614:. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone, and another 15% "partial francophone", and 70% of Lebanon's secondary schools use French as a second language of instruction. By comparison, English is used as a secondary language in 30% of Lebanon's secondary schools. The use of French is a legacy of France's historic ties to the region, including its 3186:, did not participate the election, leaving a political vacuum to other Sunni politicians to fill. The Lebanese crisis became so severe that multiple boats left the coast holding migrants in a desperate run from the country. Many proved unsuccessful and fatal. In April 2022, 6 people died and around 50 people are rescued after an overloaded boat sunk in 2254:. Greater Lebanon united the regions of Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and the Bekaa, with Beirut as its designated capital. These specified boundaries later evolved into the present-day configuration of Lebanon. This arrangement was later ratified in July 1922. The Lebanese Republic was officially proclaimed on September 1, 1926, with the 1834:, a relative of Uthman, serving as the governor. Mu'awiya sent forces to the coastal region of Lebanon, prompting conversions to Islam among the coastal population. However, the mountainous areas retained their Christian or other cultural practices. Despite Islam and Arabic becoming officially dominant, the population's conversion from Christianity and 4718:, begin collecting taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. Economic recovery has been helped by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers, with family remittances, banking services, manufactured and farm exports, and international aid as the main sources of foreign exchange. 2552:, which was charged with restoring calm. PLO attacks from Lebanon into Israel in 1977 and 1978 escalated tensions between the countries. On 11 March 1978, 11 Fatah fighters landed on a beach in northern Israel and hijacked two buses full of passengers on the Haifa – Tel-Aviv road, shooting at passing vehicles in what became known as the 3190:. And on September 22, at least 94 people were killed when a boat carrying migrants from Lebanon capsized off Syria's coast. 9 people survived. Many were declared missing and some were found either dead or injured. Dead bodies were sent to nearby hospitals. 40 people are still missing as of 24 September. On 1 February 2023, the 2631: 12326: 1901:. The new religion gained followers in the southern portion of Mount Lebanon. The southern portion of Mount Lebanon was ruled by Druze feudal families till the early 14th century. The Maronite population increased gradually in Northern Mount Lebanon and the Druze have remained in Southern Mount Lebanon until the modern era. 3744:. The parliament elects the president for a non-renewable six-year term by a two-thirds majority. The president appoints the Prime Minister, following consultations with the parliament. The president and the prime minister form a cabinet, which must also adhere to the sectarian distribution set out by confessionalism. 6818: 4798:, Jordan, and Japan were the three most popular origin countries of foreign tourists to Lebanon. In summer, a considerable number of visitors to Lebanon consists of Lebanese expatriates coming to visit their hometowns. In 2012, it was reported that an influx of Japanese tourists had caused a rise in popularity of 12303: 8408:

His study shows that the modern map in some cases predicted the nation instead of just recording it; rather than describing existing borders it created the reality it was assumed to depict. The power of the map over the mind was great:"ow could a nation resist being found if a nineteenth-century map

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It is believed that there has been a decline in the ratio of Christians to Muslims over the past 60 years, due to higher emigration rates of Christians, and a higher birth rate in the Muslim population. When the last census was held in 1932, Christians made up 53% of Lebanon's population. In 1956, it

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In 1990, article 95 was amended to provide that the parliament shall take necessary measures to abolish political structure based on religious affiliation, but that until such time only the highest positions in public civil service, including the judiciary, military, security forces, public and mixed

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In February 2016, the government withdrew from negotiations after it was revealed that documents relating to the export of the trash to Russia were forgeries. On 19 March 2016, the Cabinet reopened the Naameh landfill for 60 days in line with a plan it passed few days earlier to end the trash crisis.

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and the surrounding area. The waste had accumulated in temporary locations following the government closure of the county's largest land fill site five months earlier. The contract was jointly signed with Howa International which has offices in the Netherlands and Germany. The contract is reported to

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suspended registration of Syrian refugees at the request of the Lebanese government. In February 2016, the Lebanese government signed the Lebanon Compact, granting a minimum of €400 million of support for refugees and vulnerable Lebanese citizens. As of October 2016, the government estimates that the

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According to surveys from the World Economic Forum's 2013 Global Information Technology Report, Lebanon has been ranked globally as the fourth best country for math and science education, and as the tenth best overall for quality of education. In quality of management schools, the country was ranked

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Throughout the Ottoman and French mandatory periods and into the 1960s, Lebanon experienced prosperity, serving as a hub for banking, financial services, and a key distribution center for the Middle East. The local economy thrived with a foundation in industries related to food processing, clothing,

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law. For Muslims, these tribunals deal with questions of marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance and wills. For non-Muslims, personal status jurisdiction is split: the law of inheritance and wills falls under national civil jurisdiction, while Christian and Jewish religious courts are competent

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In an unprecedented move, the Lebanese parliament has extended its own term twice amid protests, the last being on 5 November 2014, an act which comes in direct contradiction with democracy and article #42 of the Lebanese constitution as no elections have taken place. Lebanon was without a President

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and Costa Brava, east and south of Beirut respectively. Sukleen trucks began removing piled garbage from Karantina and heading to Naameh. Environment Minister Mohammad Machnouk announced during a chat with activists that over 8,000 tons of garbage had been collected up to that point in only 24 hours

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Beirut and Mount Lebanon have been facing a severe garbage crisis. After the closure of the Bourj Hammoud dump in 1997, the al-Naameh dumpsite was opened by the government in 1998. The al-Naameh dumpsite was planned to contain 2 million tons of waste for a limited period of six years at the most. It

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in 1943. Lebanon's history since independence has been marked by alternating periods of relative political stability and prosperity based on Beirut's position as a regional center for finance and trade, interspersed with political turmoil and armed conflict (1948 Arab–Israeli War, Lebanese Civil War

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and most recently the French, Lebanese culture has over the millennia evolved by borrowing from all of these groups. Lebanon's diverse population, composed of different ethnic and religious groups, has further contributed to the country's festivals, musical styles and literature as well as cuisine.

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The Lebanese Armed Forces' primary missions include defending Lebanon and its citizens against external aggression, maintaining internal stability and security, confronting threats against the country's vital interests, engaging in social development activities, and undertaking relief operations in

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countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. The country lost this status with the outbreak of the Civil War, and has not regained it since. Lebanon was rated "Partly Free" in 2013. Even so, Freedom House still ranks Lebanon as among the most democratic nations in the Arab world. According

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confirmed his contact with a number of countries to send assistance via helicopters and firefighting planes, Cyprus, Jordan, Turkey and Greece participated in firefighting. According to press reports on Tuesday (15 October), fire has decreased in different places due to the rains. Lebanon's ongoing

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government. Elections were held in 1943 and on 8 November 1943 the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate. The French reacted by imprisoning the new government. Lebanese nationalists declared a provisional government, and the British diplomatically intervened on their behalf. In

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took control of the Levant, including Mount Lebanon, resulting in the rejuvenation of Mediterranean trade along the Lebanese coast through renewed connections with Byzantium and Italy. This resurgence saw Tripoli and Tyre flourishing well into the 11th century, focusing on exports such as textiles,

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Like a wound that just won't heal, a large expanse patch of fresh asphalt still mottles the grey surface of Rue Minet el-Hosn, where the street veers west around St. George Bay. The patch marks the exact spot where a massive truck bomb exploded 14 February 2005, killing prime minister Rafik Hariri

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Christians celebrate Christmas on 6 January, as they follow the Julian Calendar. Muslim holidays are followed based on the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslim holidays that are celebrated include Eid al-Fitr (the three-day feast at the end of the Ramadan month), Eid al-Adha (The Feast of the Sacrifice)

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is still de facto used to sanction certain crimes, but no longer enforced. The Lebanese court system consists of three levels: courts of first instance, courts of appeal, and the court of cassation. The Constitutional Council rules on constitutionality of laws and electoral frauds. There also is a

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to reach an agreement regarding the exploration of these resources. The seabed separating Lebanon and Cyprus is believed to hold significant quantities of crude oil and natural gas. On 10 May 2013, the Lebanese minister of energy and water clarified that seismic images of the Lebanese sea bed are

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since its independence, winning a total of four medals. Water sports have also shown to be very active in the past years, in Lebanon. Since 2012 and with the emergence of the Lebanon Water Festival NGO, more emphasis has been placed on those sports, and Lebanon has been pushed forward as a water

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have ravaged the country. The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships. In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected in some way – either

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In 2011, there were 236,643 subsidized admissions to hospitals; 164,244 in private hospitals, and 72,399 in public hospitals. More patients visit private hospitals than public hospitals, because the private beds supply is higher. According to the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon, the top 10

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undergoing detailed explanation of their contents and that up till now, approximately 10% have been covered. Preliminary inspection of the results showed, with over 50% probability, that 10% of Lebanon's exclusive economic zone held up to 660 million barrels of oil and up to 30×10 cu ft of gas.

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in decades. As of 2023, the GDP has shrunk by 40% since 2018, and the currency has experienced a significant depreciation of 95%. The annual inflation rate exceeds 200%, rendering the minimum wage equivalent to approximately $ 1 per day. This was the first time Lebanon had devalued its official

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The urban population in Lebanon is noted for its commercial enterprise. Emigration has yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world. In 2008, Remittances from Lebanese abroad totalled $ 8.2 billion and account for one-fifth of the country's economy. In 2005, Lebanon had the

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Israel during the period of the cease-fire, with over 270 documented attacks. People in Galilee regularly had to leave their homes during these shellings. Documents captured in PLO headquarters after the invasion showed they had come from Lebanon. Arafat refused to condemn these attacks on the

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In 2010, spending on healthcare accounted for 7.03% of the country's GDP. In 2009, there were 31.29 physicians and 19.71 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants. The life expectancy at birth was 72.59 years in 2011, or 70.48 years for males and 74.80 years for females. By the end of the civil war, only

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The United Nations assigned Lebanon an education index of 0.871 in 2008. The index, which is determined by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio, ranked the country 88th out of the 177 countries participating. All Lebanese schools are

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was gradual. The Maronite community, in particular, managed to maintain a large degree of autonomy despite the succession of rulers over Lebanon and Syria. The relative (but not complete) isolation of the Lebanese mountains meant the mountains served as a refuge in the times of religious and

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estimate the percentage of Christians to be around 53%. A study based on voter registration numbers shows that by 2011, the Christian population was stable compared to that of previous years, making up 34.35% of the population; Muslims, the Druze included, were 65.47% of the population. The

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A gender and sexuality conference, held annually in Lebanon, since 2013, was moved abroad in 2019 after a religious group on Facebook called for the organizers' arrest and the cancellation of the conference for "inciting immorality." General Security Forces shut down the 2018 conference and

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It is the Commission's view that the assassination of 14 February 2005 was carried out by a group with an extensive organization and considerable resources and capabilities. Building on the findings of the Commission and Lebanese investigations to date and on the basis of the material and

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or other local patriarchs, the Maronites proclaimed allegiance to the Pope in Rome. As such the Franks saw them as Roman Catholic brethren. These initial contacts led to centuries of support for the Maronites from France and Italy, even after the fall of the Crusader states in the region.

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Lebanon is the most religiously diverse country in West Asia and the Mediterranean. Because the relative sizes of different religions and religious sects remains a sensitive issue, a national census has not been conducted since 1932. There are 18 state-recognized religious sects – four

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As a result of longstanding exploitation, few old cedar trees remain in pockets of forests in Lebanon, but there is an active program to conserve and regenerate the forests. The Lebanese approach has emphasized natural regeneration over planting by creating the right conditions for

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over Lebanon following World War I; as of 2005, some 20% of the population used French on a daily basis. The use of Arabic by Lebanon's educated youth is declining, as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English, which are seen as more fashionable.

4560:, borrowing dollars at high interest rates to sustain deficits and maintain a currency peg. By 2019, insufficient new deposits led to an unsustainable situation, resulting in weeks-long bank closures, arbitrary capital controls, and ultimately, the country's default in 2020. 5760:

Recently, there has been an increase in foodborne illnesses in Lebanon. This has raised public awareness on the importance of food safety, including in the realms of food storage, preservation, and preparation. More restaurants are seeking information and compliance with

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country, with the exception for matters related to personal status (succession, marriage, divorce, adoption, etc.), which are governed by a separate set of laws designed for each sectarian community. For instance, the Islamic personal status laws are inspired by the

126: 3057:, unemployment, endemic corruption in the public sector, legislation (such as banking secrecy) that is perceived to shield the ruling class from accountability and failures from the government to provide basic services such as electricity, water and sanitation. 3575:

In September 2018, Lebanon's parliament passed a law that banned open dumping and burning of waste. Despite penalties set in case of violations, Lebanese municipalities have been openly burning the waste, putting the lives of people in danger. In October 2018,

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Until July 2006, Lebanon enjoyed considerable stability, Beirut's reconstruction was almost complete, and increasing numbers of tourists poured into the nation's resorts. The economy witnessed growth, with bank assets reaching over 75 billion US dollars,

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In 2010, the Environment Ministry set a 10-year plan to increase the national forest coverage by 20%, which is equivalent to the planting of two million new trees each year. The plan, which was funded by the United States Agency for International Development

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director estimated that 200,000–300,000 children were need of assistance and were living almost entirely on bread, which was subsidized by the government. Those who could relied on foreign assistance. Hezbollah was receiving about $ 3–5 million a month from

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Industry in Lebanon is mainly limited to small businesses that reassemble and package imported parts. In 2004, industry ranked second in workforce, with 26% of the Lebanese working population, and second in GDP contribution, with 21% of Lebanon's GDP.

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as Roman Catholic Christian states along the coast. These crusader states made a lasting impact on the region, though their control was limited, and the region returned to full Muslim control after two centuries following the conquest by the Mamluks.

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in decades. Lebanon is the first country in the Middle East and North Africa to see its inflation rate exceed 50% for 30 consecutive days, according to Steve H. Hanke, professor of applied economics at the Johns Hopkins University. On 4 August 2020,

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is widely recognized as among the most important figures in modern Arabic letters and among the most important spiritual writers of the 20th century. Several contemporary Lebanese writers have also achieved international success; including

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has a collection of over 400,000 photographs from Lebanon and the Middle East. The photographs can be viewed in a research center and various events and publications have been produced in Lebanon and worldwide to promote the collection.

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system. The valley is 180 km (112 mi) long and 10 to 26 km (6 to 16 mi) wide, its fertile soil is formed by alluvial deposits. The Anti-Lebanon range runs parallel to the Lebanon mountains, its highest peak is in

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after the cease-fire. As of 2017, between 174,000 and 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon with about half in refugee camps (although these are often decades old and resemble neighborhoods). Palestinians often cannot obtain

3709:. After liberalization laws were passed in 2007, the number of banned jobs dropped to around 20. In 2010, Palestinians were granted the same rights to work as other foreigners in the country. Lebanon's national legislature is the 17595: 5861:

was among Lebanon's most prominent painters of the 20th century. Formally trained in Rome and Paris, he exhibited in venues from Paris to New York to Beirut over his career. Many more contemporary artists are active, such as

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claimed that Israel was behind the assassination. The Hariri assassination marked the beginning of a series of assassinations that resulted in the death of many prominent Lebanese figures. The assassination triggered the

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Over the course of 2008 Lebanon rebuilt its infrastructure mainly in the real estate and tourism sectors, resulting in a comparatively robust post war economy. Major contributors to the reconstruction of Lebanon include

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tendering his resignation and echoing protestors' demands for a government of independent specialists. Other politicians targeted by the protests have remained in power. On 19 December 2019, former Minister of Education

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After the Islamic conquest, Mediterranean trade declined for three centuries due to conflicts with the Byzantines. The ports of Tyre, Sidon, Beirut, and Tripoli struggled to recover, sustaining small populations under

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are widely known and appreciated in Lebanon and in the Arab world. Radio stations feature a variety of music, including traditional Lebanese, classical Arabic, Armenian and modern French, English, American, and

8136:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred. 5999:, that could amount to a national cinema. Cinema in Lebanon has been in existence since the 1920s, and the country has produced over 500 films with many films including Egyptian filmmakers and film stars. The 3720:

equally between Christians and Muslims, proportionately between the 18 different denominations and proportionately between its 26 regions. Prior to 1990, the ratio stood at 6:5 in favor of Christians, but the

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became president and a national unity government was established, granting a veto to the opposition. The agreement was a victory for opposition forces, as the government caved in to all their main demands.

2231:, tasked with deciding the fate of former Ottoman territories, it was determined that Syria and Lebanon would fall under French rule; Shortly afterward, the formal division of territories took place in the 2179:

assumed direct control, disrupting supplies and confiscating animals, ultimately leading to a severe famine. During the war, approximately 100,000 people in Beirut and Mount Lebanon died due to starvation.

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cost $ 212 per ton. The waste, which is compacted and infectious, would have to be sorted and was estimated to be enough to fill 2,000 containers. Initial reports that the waste was to be exported to

2927:. The Lebanese government denounced the violence as a coup attempt. At least 62 people died in the resulting clashes between pro-government and opposition militias. On 21 May 2008, the signing of the 14093: 12124: 4787:

announced that 1,851,081 tourists had visited Lebanon in 2009, a 39% increase from 2008. In 2009, Lebanon hosted the largest number of tourists to date, eclipsing the previous record set before the

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Sultanate in 1289 and finally to the Ottoman Empire in 1516. With the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Greater Lebanon fell under French mandate in 1920, and gained independence under president

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In the 1950s, GDP growth was the second highest in the world. Despite having no oil reserves, Lebanon, as the Arab world's banking center and among its trading center, had a high national income.

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The mountain range varies in width between 10 km (6 mi) and 56 km (35 mi); it is carved by narrow and deep gorges. The Lebanon mountains peak at 3,088 metres (10,131 ft)

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the face of intense British pressure and protests by Lebanese nationalists, the French reluctantly released the government officials on 22 November 1943, and accepted the independence of Lebanon.

12372: 6844: 5757:(1.4%), intra-cerebral hemorrhage (1.2%), malignant neoplasm of colon (1.2%), malignant neoplasm of pancreas (1.1%), malignant neoplasm of prostate (1.1%), malignant neoplasm of bladder (0.8%). 4950:. According to the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia of the United Nations, among the Syrian refugees, 71% live in poverty. A 2013 estimate by the United Nations put the number of 21427: 20981: 12576: 2595:

Israeli forces withdrew later in 1978, but retained control of the southern region by managing a 19-kilometre-wide (12 mi) security zone along the border. These positions were held by the

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1975–1990, 2005 Cedar Revolution, 2006 Lebanon War, 2007 Lebanon conflict, 2006–08 Lebanese protests, 2008 conflict in Lebanon, 2011 Syrian Civil War spillover, and 2019–20 Lebanese protests).

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Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002. It is included in the European Union's

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On 17 October 2019, the first of a series of mass civil demonstrations erupted; they were initially triggered by planned taxes on gasoline, tobacco and online phone calls such as through

17540: 11482: 3839:). The districts themselves are also divided into several municipalities, each enclosing a group of cities or villages. The governorates and their respective districts are listed below: 2720:

and assassinations. Their objectives encompassed eliminating Israel, fighting for the Shia cause in the Lebanese civil war, ending Western presence in Lebanon, and establishing a Shiite

11222: 10685: 9319: 14910: 11451: 11009: 15765: 2611:, compared the plight of the Christian minority in southern Lebanon (then about 5% of the population in SLA territory) to that of European Jews during World War II. The PLO routinely 17591: 12134: 7230: 6074:, Jounieh International Festival, Broumana Festival, Batroun International Festival, Ehmej Festival, Dhour Chwer Festival and Tyr Festival. These festivals are promoted by Lebanon's 2074:

While the history of Druze-Christian relations in Lebanon has generally been marked by harmony and peaceful coexistence, there were occasional periods of tension, notably during the

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Among the most lasting effects of the Crusades in this region was the contact between the Franks (i.e., the French) and the Maronites. Unlike most other Christian communities in the

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newspaper in November 2010 stated that Hezbollah has drafted plans for a takeover of the country in case the Special Tribunal for Lebanon issues an indictment against its members.

21168: 19622: 12213: 10592: 2896:. At least 169 soldiers, 287 insurgents and 47 civilians were killed in the battle. Funds for the reconstruction of the area have been slow to materialize. Between 2006 and 2008, 17755: 13618: 11069: 13498: 11161: 10903: 13580: 10024: 9470: 9379: 9289: 4437:

There are 18 officially recognized religious groups in Lebanon, each with its own family law legislation and set of religious courts. The Lebanese legal system is based on the

20919: 17179: 14940: 11963: 9671: 120: 14509: 11515: 11131: 20924: 20904: 20894: 20358: 17564: 15865: 14382: 13950: 4750:(with US$ 1.5 billion pledged), the European Union (with about $ 1 billion) and a few other Persian Gulf countries with contributions of up to $ 800 million. 2773:. The internal political situation in Lebanon significantly changed in the early 2000s. After the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon and the death of former president 16194: 11192: 10773: 7601: 4336:(ENP), which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. Lebanon also has bilateral trade agreements with several Arab states and is working toward accession to the 1614:

in the world. The evidence dates back to earlier than 5000 BC. Archaeologists discovered remnants of prehistoric huts with crushed limestone floors, primitive weapons, and

20929: 20914: 20909: 20899: 20889: 20379: 8878: 5638:

descent often speak their ancestral languages with varying degrees of fluency. As of 2009, there were around 150,000 Armenians in Lebanon, or around 5% of the population.

16844: 13346: 10946: 3736:

The Parliament is elected for a four-year term by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation. The executive branch consists of the President, the

2475:

Until the early 1970s, Lebanon was dubbed "the Switzerland of the Middle East" for its unique status as both a snow-capped holiday destination and secure banking hub for

2144: 19615: 15663: 15351: 13130: 11617: 2908:'s presidential term ended in October 2007, the opposition refused to vote for a successor unless a power-sharing deal was reached, leaving Lebanon without a president. 2877:

on 14 August 2006, which ordered a ceasefire, the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, and the disarmament of Hezbollah. Some 1,191 Lebanese and 160 Israelis were

473: 15373: 13920: 10715: 10240: 7039: 4552:

exchange rate in 25 years. According to the United Nations, three out of every four Lebanese individuals fall below the poverty line. The crisis stems from a long-term

18980: 17777: 17510: 14566: 12102: 6877: 1129:. The new Lebanese state was relatively stable for a short period after independence, but this was ultimately shattered by the outbreak of large-scale fighting in the 13434: 10118: 9185: 21462: 10188: 9689:

documentary evidence collected, and the leads pursued until now, there is converging evidence pointing at both Lebanese and Syrian involvement in this terrorist act.

3124:. On 9 October 2021, the entire nation lost power for 24 hours after its two main power stations ran out of power due to the currency and fuel shortage. Days later, 13374: 12741: 9431: 2513:

against Israel. The relocation of Palestinian bases also led to increasing sectarian tensions between Palestinians versus the Maronites and other Lebanese factions.

2196:

of 1916, a secret pact between Britain and France, delineated Lebanon and its surrounding areas as regions open to potential French influence or control. After the

20393: 19467: 14917: 14888: 14212: 7169: 6736: 3525: 2361: 17617: 15468: 13818: 10504: 7666: 6058:

which is celebrated during the annual pilgrimage to Mecca and also celebrates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son to God, the Birth of the Islamic prophet

4467:

system of religious courts having jurisdiction over personal status matters within their own communities, with rules on matters such as marriage and inheritance.

2738:

collapsed. At the end of 1987 US$ 1 was worth £L500. This meant the legal minimum wage was worth just $ 17 a month. Most goods in shops were priced in dollars. A

2289:

for Syria and Lebanon, played a major role in the independence of the nation. The Vichy authorities in 1941 allowed Germany to move aircraft and supplies through

17480: 16633: 16137: 15521: 12825: 6564: 18023:

Sobelman, Daniel. New Rules of the Game: Israel and Hizbollah After the Withdrawal From Lebanon, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel-Aviv University, 2004.

13282: 12452: 8610: 3678:. This system is intended to deter sectarian conflict and to represent fairly the demographic distribution of the 18 recognized religious groups in government. 2316:

visited the area. Under political pressure from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle recognized the independence of Lebanon. On 26 November 1941, General

16521: 16491: 16461: 14442: 12969: 12081: 11421: 9763: 7523: 2258:

inspired by the French constitution on May 23 of the same year. While a Lebanese government was established, the country continued to be under French control.

13064: 12151: 12112: 9644: 9250: 9128: 5676:, and may also add more courses to their curriculum with approval from the Ministry of Education. The first eight years of education are, by law, compulsory. 3568:

as part of the government's trash plan. The plan's execution was ongoing at last report. In 2017, Human Rights Watch found that Lebanon's garbage crisis, and

18878: 16715: 16551: 14749: 13523: 10218: 4540:, and the country has no restrictions on the movement of capital across its borders. The Lebanese government's intervention in foreign trade is minimal. The 3163:

movement (and its allies) lost their parliamentary majority. Hezbollah did not lose any of its seats, but its allies lost seats. Hezbollah's ally, President

16611: 15741: 14085: 8192: 20603: 17643: 16927: 14688: 13797: 11279: 9409: 9059: 8915: 8436: 5669: 16796: 15717: 12247: 12122: 6594: 21477: 19460: 15787: 13320: 12273: 10259: 8820: 16581: 12719: 7779:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 2–8. 6840: 2149: 1956:

to the Muslim Turks, the Byzantines put out a call to the Pope in Rome for assistance in the 11th century. The result was a series of wars known as the

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warned that Lebanon was threatened with "total darkness" at the end of March if no money was secured to buy fuel for power stations. In August 2021, a

12770: 11099: 9432:"On the occasion of the Day of Resistance and Liberation, the Armed Forces Commander General Joseph Aoun delivered the Order of the Day to the troops" 20861: 20351: 17669: 12479: 11351: 4544:

was established with the aim of promoting investment in Lebanon. In 2001, Investment Law No.360 was enacted to reinforce the organisation's mission.

2390:

Lebanon's history since independence has been marked by alternating periods of political stability and turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on

2075: 16282: 14710: 10562: 8783: 4791:. Tourist arrivals reached two million in 2010, but fell by 37% for the first 10 months of 2012, a decline caused by the war in neighbouring Syria. 10738: 9341: 545: 16659: 13188: 12190: 9675: 7748: 4401:

in Lebanon. Hezbollah has 20,000 active fighters and 20,000 in reserves and is supplied with advanced weaponry, including rockets and drones from

2059:

in southern Mount Lebanon and quickly asserted his authority as the paramount emir of the Druze in the Shouf region. Eventually, he was appointed

21122: 15580:

Lebanon, with a population of 3.8 million, has the most religiously diverse society in the Middle East, comprising 17 recognized religious sects.

14273: 10803: 10647: 8740: 2874: 2816: 832: 17251: 15499: 15264: 12947: 11537: 3102:. Demonstrations continued into 2021 with Lebanese blocking the roads with burned tires protesting against the poverty and the economic crisis. 2348:

Following the end of World War II in Europe the French mandate may be said to have been terminated without any formal action on the part of the

21035: 20283: 18644: 17532: 15201: 14836: 12636: 11474: 10095: 7545:

Garfinkel, Yosef (2004). ""Néolithique" and "Énéolithique" Byblos in Southern Levantine Context". In E. J. Peltenburg; Alexander Wasse (eds.).

5762: 4397:

has 72,000 active personnel, including 1,100 in the air force, and 1,000 in the navy. The LAF is considered less powerful and influential than

3255:". The country's surface area is 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi) of which 10,230 square kilometres (3,950 sq mi) is 2573: 1211: 17982:, "Tribes with Flags: A Dangerous Passage Through the Chaos of the Middle East", Atlantic Monthly Press (New York) and Picador (London), 1990 16427: 16338: 13748: 11214: 10677: 9897: 8764: 18806: 18384: 15228: 14190: 14140: 11443: 11001: 3695: 1153: 663: 15762: 14251: 13682: 12910: 12877: 6334:

sport destination internationally. They host different contests and water show sports that encourage their fans to participate and win big.

6078:. Lebanon hosts about 15 concerts from international performers each year, ranking 1st for nightlife in the Middle East, and 6th worldwide. 5690:

Universities in Lebanon, both public and private, largely operate in French or English. The top-ranking universities in the country are the

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Lebanon is a major recipient of foreign military aid. With over $ 400 million since 2005, it is the second largest per capita recipient of

2556:. They killed 37 and wounded 76 Israelis before being killed in a firefight with Israeli forces. Israel invaded Lebanon four days later in 1611: 1592: 718: 16905: 15205: 12132: 10873: 9841: 9527: 8648: 7262: 7074: 3202:. This was the first time Lebanon had devalued its official exchange rate in 25 years. As of 2023, Lebanon is considered to have become a 3085:

have since continued, with protesters denouncing and condemning the designation of Diab as prime minister. Lebanon is suffering the worst

1014:

The earliest evidence of human civilization in Lebanon dates back to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, what was to become Lebanon was part of

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Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,800,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period. Millions of

4845:

fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004. Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004, it was 2.10 for

4721: 4541: 3022:

voiced concerns that the country's sectarian based political system is being undermined by the influx of Syrian refugees. On 6 May 2015,

16743: 16051: 15027: 14771: 13656: 12399: 11390: 10584: 8327: 7330:

Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,621 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites

4532:

states that 'the economic system is free and ensures private initiative and the right to private property'. Lebanon's economy follows a

3330:

alternating with sandy bays and rocky beaches. Lebanon's mountains rise steeply parallel to the Mediterranean coast and form a ridge of

20934: 20849: 18065: 17751: 17423: 17150: 16081: 15607: 13602: 13403: 13225: 11061: 8366: 7829: 6945: 4738:

severely damaged Lebanon's fragile economy, especially the tourism sector. According to a preliminary report published by the Lebanese

2445:

and are legally barred from owning property or performing certain occupations (including law, medicine, and engineering). According to

514: 16765: 13482: 11153: 10843: 7136: 5777:, founded in 1896 in Lebanon, is considered the first modern mental health hospital in the Middle East. The devastating impact of the 4919:(1999 est.). In Canada, there is also a large Lebanese diaspora of approximately 250,000–700,000 people having Lebanese descent. (see 1498:(Phoenician) city-states. As part of the Levant, it was part of numerous succeeding empires throughout ancient history, including the 21447: 20318: 20288: 14534: 13564: 13229: 13096: 12684: 10913: 10296: 10032: 9462: 9371: 9273: 7718: 6280: 4710:

heavily damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a West Asian

3646:, erected in 1943, laid out a governing arrangement intended to harmonize the interests of the country's major religious groups. The 2897: 2627:

began to draw up plans to attack PLO military infrastructure in West Beirut, where PLO headquarters and command bunkers were located.

1133:(1975–1990). Amidst the internal hostilities of this period, Lebanon was also subjugated by two overlapping military occupations: by 611: 17172: 17064: 15122: 14501: 11959: 8843: 7492: 5583:

Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the

1007:. Lebanon has a population of more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi). 21292: 20252: 18138: 18089: 16257: 14980: 11507: 11121: 9789: 9311: 8709: 6703: 2750: 2681:, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO. The civil war re-emerged in September 1982 after the assassination of Lebanese President 1843:. As such, the mountains displayed religious diversity and the existence of several well-established sects and religions, notably, 446: 18056: 17561: 16874: 15849: 14374: 14313: 13942: 11863:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 10781: 10154: 6396:

states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language can be used." See

5950:

While traditional folk music remains popular in Lebanon, modern music reconciling Western and traditional Arabic styles, pop, and

5510:

in Lebanon at 3.3%. Survey data indicates a decrease in religious faith within Lebanon, especially noticeable among young people.

3725:, which put an end to the 1975–1990 civil war, adjusted the ratio to grant equal representation to followers of the two religions. 2063:, overseeing various Ottoman sub-provinces and tax collection. Expanding his influence extensively, he even constructed a fort in 21417: 21272: 21267: 21262: 21257: 21184: 21153: 21098: 19765: 19383: 19260: 18040:

Schlicht, Alfred. The role of Foreign Powers in the History of Syria and Lebanon 1799–1861 in: Journal of Asian History 14 (1982)

14062: 12855: 12658: 11184: 11039: 10530: 7585: 7204: 6677:

The heritage of the Maronites is perceived as anything Phoenician, Greco-Roman, Mediterranean, or internationalist, but not Arab.

4596: 2770: 2612: 2577: 2510: 16688: 16228: 15701:

Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.

14651: 11937: 10441: 9923: 9714:

Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595 (2005)

9583: 9561: 9215: 9162: 8489: 6541: 21252: 21247: 21242: 21237: 21232: 21227: 21222: 21217: 21212: 21088: 16848: 14797: 13342: 11711: 10938: 9613: 6038: 6003:

is not only a regional center of production but also the most liberal and free in the Arab world. According to Press freedom's

5845:

Despite the ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity of the Lebanese, they "share an almost common culture".

5420: 4614:

has recently been discovered inland and in the seabed between Lebanon, Cyprus, Israel and Egypt and talks are underway between

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demanded the creation of a national unity government, over which the mostly Shia opposition groups would have veto power. When

2784:

Demonstrations in Lebanon triggered by the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005

2496: 2468:

were briefly dispatched to Beirut on 15 July. After the crisis, a new government was formed, led by the popular former general

2402: 2209: 1141:. Since the end of the conflicts, there have been extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure. 1138: 15655: 15629: 15343: 15321: 13165: 13123: 5703: 3357:. The Beqaa valley sits between the Lebanon mountains in the west and the Anti-Lebanon range in the east; it is a part of the 2416: 2087: 21194: 21093: 19935: 18627: 18239: 18212: 17923: 17902: 17867: 17417: 17364: 17329: 17290: 17215: 17144: 17032: 16970: 16170: 16045: 15964: 15954: 15937: 15927: 15573: 15546: 15377: 15063: 15021: 14134: 13912: 13015: 12433: 11592: 10707: 10244: 10002: 9090: 8814: 8532: 8401: 8360: 8321: 8266: 8226: 8026: 7972: 7945: 7784: 7556: 7443: 7387: 7338: 7031: 7012: 6574: 5995:, according to film critic and historian, Roy Armes, was the only cinema in the Arabic-speaking region, besides the dominant 2991: 2836: 2591:

demarcation line between Lebanon and Israel, established by the UN after the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 1978

1933:, and others, were directly administered by the Muslim Caliphs and the people became more fully absorbed by the Arab culture. 384: 17929: 17781: 17502: 15827: 14573: 11332: 7978: 7868: 7562: 6866: 4458:

The most notable set of codified laws is the Code des Obligations et des Contrats promulgated in 1932 and equivalent to the

1180:

has defined Lebanon's economic crisis as one of the world's worst since the 19th century. Despite the country's small size,

21422: 20257: 18759: 18369: 17221: 15152: 15092: 13430: 13037: 12603: 10180: 10128: 10059: 9951: 9729:"Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595" 9668:"Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595" 9189: 6906: 6873: 6247: 4826:

estimated to be 4,680,212 (July 2018 est.); however, no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive

4054: 3601:. The health service, grappling with workforce shortages due to emigration, struggles amid a growing public health crisis. 2960: 2704:, a Shiite Islamist militant group and political party, came into existence through the efforts of Shiite clerics who were 2212:, also including areas with significant Muslim and Druze populations in addition to the Christian-dominated Mount Lebanon. 2044:. Lebanon's area was organized into provinces: Northern and Southern Mount Lebanon, Tripoli, Baalbek and Beqaa Valley, and 1591:

is believed to have been first occupied between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC, making it among

138: 17207:(Re)constructing Armenia in Lebanon and Syria: ethno-cultural diversity and the state in the aftermath of a refugee crisis 14287: 13456: 12742:"Results of 2nd round of Lebanon presidential election: Michel Aoun – 83 (winner); blank votes – 36; others/cancelled – 8" 11309: 9732: 7305: 6456:

communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab, but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

6417:

communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab, but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

5901:

was a major figure in the mahjar literary movement developed by Arab emigrants in North America, and an early theorist of

21061: 21052: 20367: 18276: 15178: 13368: 11250: 6166: 5407:

A demographic study conducted by the research firm Statistics Lebanon found that approximately 27% of the population was

2537: 1205: 18085: 15286: 14352: 14220: 7657: 7158: 6743: 6162: 5816:

The culture of Lebanon reflects the legacy of various civilizations spanning thousands of years. Originally home to the

4734:

was also at an all-time high, estimated at $ 10.9 billion at the end of the second quarter of 2006. The month-long

4497:

in Lebanon is widespread. According to 2019 survey by the Pew Research Center, 85% of Lebanese respondents believe that

21082: 21077: 21072: 21067: 21028: 18873: 18828: 17621: 16401: 16364: 15460: 11755: 11736:

Greipsson, Sigurdur Ph.D. Restoration Ecology, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Kennesaw State University, 2011, page 279

10821: 8853: 7468: 6480: 6255: 6219: 6132:– small savoury dishes, such as dips, salads, and pastries. The mezze are typically followed by a selection of grilled 5542: 2878: 2384: 644: 21354: 16663: 16637: 16133: 13774: 12815: 11778: 7799:

A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, article by Roger D. Woodward (ed. Egbert J. Bakker, 2010, Wiley-Blackwell).

5849:

is universally spoken while food, music, and literature are deep-rooted "in wider Mediterranean and Levantine norms".

4630:, including both production and trade. Western intelligence estimate an annual production of over 4 million pounds of 1458: 20793: 20300: 18845: 18420: 18010: 17987: 17960: 17703: 17001: 15694: 15639: 14944: 14426: 14006: 13890: 13290: 12456: 11689: 11673: 9755: 8949: 8291: 8129: 8101: 8076: 8051: 7901: 7862: 7823: 7634: 7595: 5715: 5439:

estimates (2020) the following (data does not include Lebanon's sizable Syrian and Palestinian refugee populations):

4783:

ranked Beirut the No. 1 travel destination worldwide due to its nightlife and hospitality. In January 2010, the

4654: 2271: 2251: 2160:

The Baalbek and Beqaa Valley and Jabal Amel was ruled intermittently by various Shia feudal families, especially the

1477: 1098: 1090: 934: 16513: 16483: 16453: 14599: 14449: 13714: 12073: 11413: 9636: 7515: 3572:

in particular, was posing a health risk to residents and violating the state's obligations under international law.

3326:

at the border with Israel in the south. The fertile coastal plain is formed of marine sediments and river deposited

1430: 20057: 18868: 18177: 17729: 16316: 14741: 14474: 13068: 9501: 8618: 7614:

Archaeological excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.

7019:

Archaeological excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.

6791: 6239: 5711: 4951: 4687:". They achieved great success until 1966 where the program was stopped because of both war and external pressure. 4642:

factories allows for the persistent occurrence of drug trades, impacting Lebanon's economy and regional stability.

3502: 3007: 2854: 2677:

of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after

1964:

from Western Europe to reclaim the former Byzantine Christian territories in the Eastern Mediterranean, especially

1798:. The monks who followed Maron spread his teachings among Lebanese in the region. These Christians became known as 170: 16722: 16543: 16009: 14911:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 8591: 2685:, an Israeli ally, and subsequent fighting. During this time a number of sectarian massacres occurred, such as in 2056: 20295: 20273: 20008: 18964: 18860: 18840: 16603: 15738: 15438: 14996:

In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

14680: 9700: 6719:

In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

6664: 6063: 6050: 5428: 2769:. In May 2000, Israeli forces fully withdrew from Lebanon. Since then, 25 May is regarded by the Lebanese as the 2544:

asked for the Syrian Army to intervene on the side of the Christians and help restore peace. In October 1976 the

17647: 16935: 16389: 16111: 9401: 9043: 8440: 7099: 4505:

indefinitely denied non-Lebanese LGBT activists who attended the conference permission to re-enter the country.

3155:. Lebanon's crisis has been so severe that more than 80 percent of the population is now considered poor by the 3144:

called Lebanon's present situation a 'man-made disaster caused by a handful of men across the political class'.

2919:

forces, sparked by a government declaration that Hezbollah's communications network was illegal, seized western

2857:

into Israeli territory, where they killed three Israeli soldiers and captured two others. Israel responded with

21437: 21162: 20773: 19363: 16832: 15713: 13770: 12556: 12239: 9756:"Clashes spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah raids Israel – Africa & Middle East – International Herald Tribune" 8463: 7696: 6590: 5679:

Lebanon has forty-one nationally accredited universities, several of which are internationally recognized. The

3757: 3749: 3663: 3148: 3137: 2674: 1437: 1415: 592: 486: 333: 21328: 17837: 14629: 13312: 12711: 12269: 5745:

leading causes of reported hospital deaths in 2017 were: malignant neoplasm of bronchus or lung (4.6%), Acute

4779:. Lebanon attracted around 1,333,000 tourists in 2008, thus placing it as 79th out of 191 countries. In 2009, 4714:

and banking hub. The subsequent period of relative peace enabled the central government to restore control in

21482: 21021: 20247: 18888: 18433: 17807: 16573: 14005:[Basil: Oil dream became a reality and we did all the basic steps in record time]. Lebanonfiles.com. 10614: 6075: 6067: 5691: 5680: 4784: 4739: 4343:

Lebanon enjoys good relations with virtually all of the other Arab countries (despite historic tensions with

4333: 3486: 3140:. The postponement of parliamentary elections was said to prolong the political deadlock in the country. The 3117: 2827:, which cited indications that the assassination was organized by Syrian and Lebanese intelligence services. 2694: 1819: 1558: 1530: 817: 14862: 11271: 8894:

133. Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa - Tel Aviv Road

3546:

In December 2015, the Lebanese government signed an agreement with Chinook Industrial Mining, part owned by

19581: 19367: 18921: 18342: 18131: 8421: 7404: 6322: 6042: 5699: 5534: 5416: 4854: 4368: 4319: 3717: 3651: 3514: 2964: 2705: 2492: 2176: 2137:

founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "

2123: 1134: 1079: 798: 793: 783: 775: 17673: 16740:"Table B.8: Top 10 leading causes of reported hospital deaths* by ICD10 4-character code and gender, 2017" 12483: 3462: 1645:

who spread across the Mediterranean in the first millennium BC. The most prominent Phoenician cities were

847: 20018: 20003: 19980: 19586: 18883: 18271: 18217: 18192: 18079: 16290: 14714: 13864: 8780: 8497: 6814: 6778: 6243: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 5687:(USJ) were the first Anglophone and the first Francophone universities to open in Lebanon, respectively. 5611: 5554: 4684: 2433: 2083: 2020: 1444: 1308: 1075: 397: 17449: 12551:, in S. Lipset (ed.), "The Encyclopedia of Democracy". London, Routledge, 1995, Volume III, pp. 853–865 11835: 11641:"National action plan for the reduction of pollution into the mediterranean sea from land based sources" 6180:. Because of Lebanon's unique geography, it is possible to go skiing in the morning and swimming in the 3220: 21432: 21148: 21143: 20278: 20013: 19993: 19988: 18957: 18823: 18811: 18521: 18182: 18167: 13195: 8184: 7744: 6397: 6016: 5607: 5476: 5435:, with the remaining 6% mostly belonging to smaller non-native to Lebanon Christian denominations. The 5300: 4912: 4827: 4413: 4135: 4091: 3972: 3639: 2686: 2332: 2306: 2208:, representing the Maronite Christians, successfully campaigned for an expanded territory at the 1919 1913:

was ruled by Shia feudal families under the Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire. Major cities on the coast,

1720:

took control in the 6th century BC. In 539 BC, The cities of Phoenicia were then incorporated into the

1579: 1122: 769: 745: 288: 109: 19416:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

12939: 8736: 7940:. Studies in Middle Eastern history. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–28, 232, 247. 3485:

and growth. The Lebanese state has created several nature reserves that contain cedars, including the

2967:, which was expected to indict Hezbollah members for the Hariri assassination. The parliament elected 1802:

and moved into the mountains to avoid religious persecution by Roman authorities. During the frequent

1302:

as the name of an administrative unit (as opposed to the mountain range) that was introduced with the

1247: 19928: 19607: 18911: 18816: 18620: 18379: 17243: 15260: 12627: 10087: 6288: 6054: 6004: 5615: 5282: 5246: 5228: 5144: 5009: 4993: 4548: 4259: 4254: 4157: 3899: 3884: 3867: 3777: 3667: 3655: 3386: 3086: 3054: 3040: 2502: 2398: 2247: 2193: 1768: 1272: 1157: 999:

lies a short distance away from the country's coastline. Lebanon is located at the crossroads of the

318: 21349: 14168: 13642:

Jean Hayek et al, 1999. The Structure, Properties, and Main Foundations of the Lebanese Economy. In

3353:

and gradually slope to the south before rising again to a height of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft) in

2223:'s independence and asserted control over Lebanon. However, following a defeat to the French at the 1426: 20844: 20738: 19970: 19647: 18906: 18207: 18197: 18111: 16431: 16342: 15792: 14652:"The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Reviews with the Jordanian King the Situation in Lebanon..." 13740: 11272:"Situation in Lebanon: Severe and prolonged economic depression | Think Tank | European Parliament" 10908: 10877: 10847: 10557: 10499: 9893: 8762: 6488: 6046: 5623: 5432: 4519: 4442: 4337: 3706: 3585: 3081:

was designated the next prime minister and tasked with forming a new cabinet. Protests and acts of

2975:, Prime Minister of Lebanon, making him responsible for forming a new government. Hezbollah leader 2438: 2079: 1411: 308: 20: 21364: 15235: 14182: 14116: 11640: 8581:

Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, by H. Duncan Hall, Carnegie Endowment, 1948, pages 265–266

8021:(2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xxi–xxxv, 2–9. 2777:

in 2000, the Syrian military presence faced criticism and resistance from the Lebanese population.

2266: 19998: 19596: 19325: 18496: 18474: 18448: 18347: 18332: 18286: 18187: 18124: 17324:. Cultures of the World. Vol. 13. Zawiah. Marshall Cavendish Children's Books. p. 123. 15114: 14243: 13689: 12903: 12881: 8897:, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 March 1978, archived from the original on 15 August 2004 7548:

Neolithic Revolution: New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus

6393: 6326: 6302: 6292: 6284: 6215: 6022: 5684: 5657: 5460: 5373: 5346: 5014: 4998: 4935: 4811: 4665: 4627: 4529: 4523: 4364: 4356: 4043: 3769: 3702: 3691: 3635: 3614: 3267:

to the north and east and a 79 kilometres (49 mi) long border with Israel to the south. The

3167: 3019: 2429: 2255: 1404: 1149: 696: 569: 532: 423: 256: 28: 17384: 17024: 17018: 13980: 13252: 12480:"Chapter 9 Power sharing in Lebanon: Foreign protectors, domestic peace, and democratic failure" 9811: 8845:

The Origins of the US War on Terror: Lebanon, Libya and American intervention in the Middle East

5707: 2164:

in Jabal Amel that remained in power until 1865 when Ottomans took direct ruling of the region.

1782:

during the early spread of the faith. During the late 4th and early 5th century, a hermit named

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http://www.nrl.com/tonga-hold-on-against-gallant-lebanon/tabid/10874/newsid/115449/default.aspx

16897: 9845: 9531: 8640: 7252: 7070: 6053:

Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar and thus celebrate Christmas on 25 December. Armenian

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killed a number of people in the deadliest clashes in the country since 2008. By January 2022,

3095: 3010:

in Lebanon increased from around 250,000 in early 2013 to 1,000,000 in late 2014. In 2013, The

2995: 2840: 2442: 2380: 2357: 2168:, a Lebanese nationalist played an influential role in Lebanon's independence during this era. 2138: 1941: 1864: 1803: 1733: 952: 619: 563: 460: 284: 150: 24: 17317: 17014: 16958: 16160: 16035: 15011: 13091: 11985: 10323: 8389: 8311: 7891: 7328: 6246:. However, their 2021 quarter-final was not as competitive, losing 48–4 to eventual champions 21374: 20242: 19797: 19452: 19357: 18536: 18364: 18337: 17407: 17346: 17282: 17134: 17057:"LibGuides: Middle Eastern & North African Cinema & Film: Egyptian Cinema & Film" 16739: 14775: 13660: 12395: 11382: 10398:"The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey" 8350: 6093: 5923: 5867: 5746: 5522: 5448: 5412: 5354: 5350: 4846: 4731: 4683:

In 1960, a science club from a university in Beirut started a Lebanese space program called "

4394: 4380: 3713: 3671: 3569: 3420: 3170:, was no longer the biggest Christian party after the election. A rival Christian party, the 3091: 3036: 3011: 2928: 2924: 2889: 2844: 2553: 2465: 2376: 2220: 2197: 2029: 2012: 1995: 1717: 1165: 1161: 1102: 751: 371: 353: 20336: 18062: 17173:"Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case Studies of Creative Industries in Arab Countries" 16773: 16073: 15599: 13395: 8804: 8557: 7813: 6937: 2979:

insists that Israel was responsible for the assassination of Hariri. A report leaked by the

21044: 20855: 20808: 20685: 20165: 19960: 19921: 19560: 19225: 18931: 18926: 18771: 18613: 18511: 18501: 18443: 18374: 18281: 18249: 17670:"FIBA Asia – Thrilla in Manila Part II: Riyadi down Mahram again, this time in final video" 14655: 11874: 10123: 8172:

the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..

7132: 6768: 6185: 5647: 5635: 5627: 5578: 5363:

Distribution of main religious groups of Lebanon according to 2009 municipal election data.

5160: 5071: 4193: 4013: 3773: 3756:, in addition to a close but officially non-member minister. The most recent parliamentary 3647: 3445: 3342: 3282: 3215: 3113: 3099: 2952: 2948: 2549: 2521: 2461: 1983: 1712:, flourished throughout the Mediterranean. Subsequently, foreign powers, starting with the 1499: 1201: 761: 501: 301: 14541: 12688: 10292: 7722: 7484: 5497: 3752:. As of August 2019, the Lebanese cabinet included two ministers directly affiliated with 3619: 3493:

Reserve, the Ammouaa and Karm Shbat Reserves in the Akkar district, and the Forest of the

2078:, during which around 10,000 Christians were killed by the Druze. Shortly afterwards, the 79: 8: 20383: 19788: 19302: 18526: 18352: 18320: 18306: 17356: 17350: 17056: 13221: 9785: 9609: 8713: 7159:"World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) Statistical Annex: Country Classification" 6298: 6071: 5884: 5774: 5754: 5503: 5484: 5480: 5336: 4916: 4888: 4884: 4631: 4203: 4035: 3624: 3610: 3436: 3370: 3346: 3268: 3240: 3236: 3141: 3125: 2999: 2980: 2931:

ended the fighting. As part of the accord, which ended 18 months of political paralysis,

2569: 2457: 2228: 1729: 1713: 1693: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1599: 1233: 1019: 1000: 278: 18786: 17473:"Lebanese rugby league team in storm over funny substances – Rugby League – More Sports" 16965:. Cultures of the World (2 ed.). Marshall Cavendish Children's Books. p. 105. 16390:"Country Report: Lebanon". Retrieved 14 December 2006. eIFL.net Regional Workshop (2005) 16250: 15773: 14969: 11878: 10150: 9712: 6692: 5795: 5359: 2232: 1491: 21472: 21202: 20610: 20130: 19778: 19576: 19540: 19281: 18716: 18567: 18560: 18462: 18438: 18398: 18229: 18159: 18151: 18074: 17999: 17115: 16870: 16001: 14321: 14156: 12530: 12522: 12428:(3rd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 402. 12049: 12016: 11903: 11862: 10347:"UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon" 9868:"Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties July–Aug 2006" 9106: 6773: 6656: 6648: 6373: 6030: 5893: 5790: 5778: 5436: 5055: 4943: 4920: 4788: 4770: 4707: 4514: 4463: 4213: 4065: 4030: 3923: 3741: 3577: 3414: 3299: 3248: 3244: 3082: 2944: 2709: 2596: 2588: 2533: 2488: 2446: 2372: 2278:

Lebanon gained a measure of independence while France was occupied by Germany. General

2224: 2205: 1969: 1823: 1822:

from the Byzantines, incorporating the region, including modern-day Lebanon, under the

1534: 1515: 1383: 1181: 1173: 1145: 1130: 1039: 21298: 15982:"The View from Zahle: Security and Economic Conditions in the Central Bekaa 1980-1985" 14054: 12847: 12662: 11031: 10817: 10526: 8501: 8154:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will.. 7194: 4742:

on 30 August 2006, a major economic decline was expected as a result of the fighting.

3592:, broke out and spread over large areas of Lebanon's forests. Lebanese Prime Minister 3457: 2449:, Palestinian refugees in Lebanon live in "appalling social and economic conditions." 1109:. However, French rule over the region weakened significantly in the aftermath of the 19639: 19435: 19060: 18949: 18479: 18006: 17983: 17956: 17919: 17898: 17413: 17360: 17325: 17286: 17275: 17211: 17140: 17119: 17107: 17028: 16997: 16966: 16828: 16695: 16220: 16166: 16041: 15993: 15960: 15933: 15901: 15857: 15690: 15635: 15569: 15017: 14805: 14422: 14267: 14130: 13826: 13791: 13610: 13572: 13531: 13490: 12977: 12552: 12534: 12429: 12364: 12054: 12036: 11929: 11908: 11890: 11669: 11588: 11002:"Lebanon becomes 1st country in Middle East and North Africa to enter hyperinflation" 10797: 10437: 10419: 10378: 9998: 9919: 9819: 9587: 9553: 9281: 9211: 9158: 9086: 9051: 8955: 8945: 8909: 8849: 8810: 8538: 8528: 8397: 8356: 8317: 8287: 8262: 8222: 8125: 8097: 8072: 8047: 8022: 7968: 7941: 7897: 7858: 7819: 7780: 7591: 7552: 7464: 7439: 7383: 7334: 7285:

The Lebanese Diaspora: The Arab Immigrant Experience in Montreal, New York, and Paris

7008: 6975: 6660: 6640: 6570: 6537: 6301:

is also among the more popular sports in the country. The top football league is the

6251: 6181: 6177: 5992: 5866:, a contemporary media artist residing in New York. In the field of photography, the 5858: 5799: 5727: 5631: 5318: 5264: 5212: 5194: 5178: 5126: 5110: 4939: 4876: 4868: 4459: 4271: 4225: 4218: 4150: 4108: 4079: 4025: 3989: 3950: 3855: 3848: 3686: 3398: 3358: 3350: 3303: 3287: 3260: 3072:

As a result of the protests, Lebanon entered a political crisis, with Prime Minister

2881:

in the conflict. Beirut's southern suburb was heavily damaged by Israeli airstrikes.

2797: 2739: 2460:

broke out, instigated by Lebanese Muslims who wanted to make Lebanon a member of the

2349: 2313: 2286: 2165: 1987: 1902: 1886: 1876: 1872: 1756: 1721: 1627: 1566: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1511: 1451: 1262: 1254: 1189: 1126: 1047: 1043: 1004: 992: 21369: 11715: 8094:

The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation

4822:

The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 5,592,631 in 2021, with the number of

3064:

Women protesters forming a line between riot police and protesters in Riad el Solh,

21412: 21308: 21158: 21144:

Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries

19320: 18677: 18576: 18541: 18531: 18516: 18484: 18301: 18234: 18094: 17099: 15313: 14122: 13161: 12514: 12044: 12028: 11898: 11882: 10409: 10368: 10358: 9990: 9008: 9004: 6632: 6157: 6087: 6026: 6000: 5935: 5902: 5592: 5530: 5468: 5440: 5424: 5377: 5369: 5342: 5105: 5042: 4830:

between Lebanon's various religious groups. Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically

4799: 4758: 4735: 4588: 4285: 4264: 4244: 4239: 4208: 4113: 4096: 4050: 4047: 4020: 4008: 3984: 3957: 3913: 3894: 3889: 3874: 3748:

between May 2014 and October 2016. Nationwide elections were finally scheduled for

3547: 3374: 3199: 3187: 2987: 2976: 2972: 2870: 2866: 2810: 2805: 2690: 2670: 2620: 2557: 2335:

during celebrations marking the release by the French of Lebanon's government from

2216: 2161: 2103: 1936: 1926: 1894: 1562: 1321: 1110: 1063: 1031: 881: 671: 17859: 15550: 15056: 13007: 10363: 10346: 6096:, such as Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus. The Lebanese national dishes are the 5080: 3542:

is a mountain range in Lebanon. It averages above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in elevation.

3206:, suffering from chronic poverty, economic mismanagement and a banking collapse. 2204:

ultimately collapsed, losing control over the area. Soon after the war, Patriarch

21442: 20743: 20026: 19892: 19773: 19276: 18992: 18704: 18506: 18415: 18224: 18069: 17913: 17568: 17205: 15819: 15769: 15745: 13041: 12776: 12138: 12128: 12118: 12108: 8787: 8768: 8464:"Aspects of Maronite History (Part Eleven) The twentieth century in Western Asia" 8298:

the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.

7962: 7852: 7546: 6359: 6209: 6101: 6034: 5996: 5959: 5919: 5846: 5588: 5584: 5472: 5464: 4931: 4894: 4823: 4817: 4599:(IATA) standards, they must be declared upon exportation to any foreign country. 4557: 4451:

for marriage, divorce, and custody. Catholics can additionally appeal before the

4176: 4140: 4101: 3979: 3935: 3908: 3832: 3819: 3805: 3791: 3191: 3179: 3171: 3060: 2932: 2780: 2678: 2453: 2421: 2336: 2317: 2239: 2153: 2095: 2052: 1961: 1835: 1807: 1725: 1554: 1519: 1360: 1348: 1333: 1329: 1313: 1106: 1059: 1055: 943: 410: 271: 225: 215: 86: 58: 37: 15144: 15088: 12599: 11414:"Six drown off Lebanon coast after overloaded boat capsizes, says Lebanese navy" 10055: 9987:

The Sunna and Shi’a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East

9983:"The Sunni-Shi'i Struggle over Lebanon: A New Chapter in the History of Lebanon" 9959: 9728: 8525:

A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle that Shaped the Middle East

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reported that the crisis in Lebanon had deepened further, with the value of the

2905: 2541: 21207: 20813: 20323: 19902: 19887: 19802: 18581: 18425: 18202: 17409:

The Mirage of Peace: Understanding the Never-Ending Conflict in the Middle East

17103: 16313:"Aid groups scramble to fix buildings; fill backpacks before school bell rings" 14291: 13460: 11886: 11301: 10746: 9110: 8771:"Palestinians in Lebanon: A Forgotten People", 25 February 2009, Time Magazine. 7297: 6504: 6496: 6472: 6351: 6318: 5967: 5951: 5566: 5562: 5546: 4958: 4842: 4677: 4290: 4249: 4181: 4128: 4084: 3996: 3962: 3945: 3879: 3862: 3722: 3224: 3195: 3156: 3133: 3109: 2893: 2774: 2762: 2735: 2713: 2682: 2666: 2608: 2353: 2201: 2111: 2064: 2037: 2025: 1999: 1830:'s caliphate (644–656), Islam gained significant influence in Damascus, led by 1752: 1686: 1682: 1193: 1169: 1067: 729: 15174: 11302:"Lebanon: Almost three-quarters of the population living in poverty | UN News" 11244: 8959: 6148:, though sometimes a selection of traditional sweets will be offered as well. 5557:

live mainly in Beirut, on the eastern slopes of the Lebanon mountains, and in

5090: 2630: 2297:

where they were used against British forces. The United Kingdom, fearing that

2118:

reform. After 1861 there existed an autonomous Mount Lebanon with a Christian

21406: 21318: 20798: 20493: 19867: 19834: 19484: 19428: 19286: 18489: 18291: 17979: 17111: 17087: 15997: 15861: 15290: 14344: 13830: 13614: 13576: 13535: 13494: 12981: 12368: 12040: 11894: 11538:"Lebanon struggles to emerge from financial crisis and government corruption" 10423: 10382: 9823: 9285: 9055: 8542: 6644: 6330: 6314: 6141: 5980: 5971: 5963: 5940: 5906: 5880: 5841: 5538: 5518: 5456: 5381: 5259: 5037: 4880: 4698: 4673: 4533: 4498: 4438: 4300: 4186: 4171: 3967: 3940: 3918: 3737: 3682: 3643: 3628: 3589: 3564: 3539: 3494: 3470: 3450: 3394: 3354: 3315: 3272: 3252: 2916: 2901: 2885: 2824: 2766: 2731: 2724: 2509:

in Jordan, many Palestinian militants relocated to Lebanon, increasing their

2368: 2068: 1979: 1918: 1856: 1831: 1795: 1654: 1550: 1229: 862: 849: 810: 185: 172: 20041: 16405: 16368: 15905: 14405:

The Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle Over the Baghdad Pact

12393: 12032: 11747: 9994: 6979: 5027: 4363:

countries and hosted the Francophonie Summit in October 2002 as well as the

3259:. Lebanon has a coastline and border of 225 kilometres (140 mi) on the 2939: 2708:. Arising in the aftermath of the 1982 war and drawing inspiration from the 2619:

In April 1980 the presence of UNIFIL soldiers in the buffer zone led to the

2119: 20670: 20630: 20620: 20443: 20140: 19897: 19882: 19877: 19857: 19842: 19550: 19341: 19220: 19185: 18744: 18296: 18266: 18043: 17695: 15631:

Lebanon Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments

14029:"Lebanon's drug trade booms with help from Hezbollah's Captagon connection" 12058: 11912: 11782: 10414: 10397: 9788:. UN – Security Council, Department of Public Information. 11 August 2006. 9372:"Israeli regime's ample weaknesses make its collapse undeniable: Nasrallah" 8939: 8213: 6492: 6476: 6261: 5915: 5911: 5898: 5837: 5803: 5569:

are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Beirut.

5526: 4835: 4795: 4747: 4639: 4553: 4429: 4360: 3556: 3535: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3363: 3307: 3276: 3203: 3175: 3152: 3121: 3015: 2968: 2830: 2789: 2754: 2624: 2565: 2561: 2469: 2406: 2320:

announced that Lebanon would become independent under the authority of the

2298: 2283: 2016: 1922: 1910: 1779: 1760: 1623: 1523: 1284: 1236: 1114: 1071: 1027: 1023: 324: 232: 18046:, Le Liban contemporain. Histoire et société (La découverte, 2003 et 2005) 17355:. Guidebook Series. Humphreys Andrew (2 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 16797:"The Tragic Downfall of ʿAṣfūriyyeh (The Lebanon Hospital for the Insane)" 16367:. Lebanese Directory of Higher Education. 11 December 2007. Archived from 14002: 13886: 11685: 10972:"The lights go out on Lebanon's economy as financial collapse accelerates" 9982: 9033:, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 191–194 7626: 6254:

where, after narrowly failing to qualify for the final, the team defeated

4424: 3318:

stretches from the Syrian border in the north where it widens to form the

2516: 20803: 20518: 20408: 20313: 20222: 19944: 19852: 19440: 19170: 19110: 19105: 19000: 18636: 15893: 15431:"Registered Syrian refugees in surrounding states triple in three months" 14938: 14603: 13718: 10438:"Document - Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) 2017-2020 - full version" 9786:"Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel" 9493: 8214: 7854:

From the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East

7815:

Global Security Watch—Lebanon: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook

6967: 6484: 6365: 6306: 6265: 5975: 4904: 4900: 4668:

in 2023, down from 88th in 2019. Notable scientists from Lebanon include

4352: 3783: 3728: 3598: 3593: 3482: 3461:'Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Libanon' - painting by a Hungarian painter, 3424: 3183: 3164: 3078: 3073: 2693:. The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following 2600: 2545: 2410: 2321: 2279: 2189: 2172: 1764: 1217: 1197: 1118: 1094: 339: 17725: 15763:«El Papa viaja mañana al Líbano en medio de la tensión que vive la zona» 15687:

The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives

14478: 14126: 13943:"IATA - Lebanon Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details" 13887:"Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, U.S.A. 1986–1988" 10056:"Walking the tight wire – Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis" 8595: 8467: 5897:(1923), which has been translated into over twenty different languages. 4711: 4479:

without regard to the denominational affiliation within each community.

4385: 2540:, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias. In June 1976, Lebanese President 2383:, and the Deputy Speaker of Parliament and the Deputy Prime Minister be 1728:. The Phoenician city-states were later incorporated into the empire of 21013: 20680: 20650: 20578: 20568: 20538: 20528: 20483: 20433: 20423: 20115: 20031: 19872: 19862: 19847: 19725: 19230: 19205: 19120: 19100: 19050: 19020: 19010: 18723: 16005: 15981: 15900:. Area Handbook Series (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Division. 14003:"باسيل: حلم النفط صار واقعا وأنجزنا كل الخطوات الأساسية في فترة قياسية" 12526: 12424:

Cohen, Saul Bernard (2015). "Chapter 12: The Middle East Shatterbelt".

11803:

Talhouk, S. N. & Zurayk, S. 2003. Conifer conservation in Lebanon.

11475:"Lebanon to devalue currency by 90% on Feb. 1, central bank chief says" 10818:"Lebanon protests: University professor Hassan Diab nominated to be PM" 10176: 9342:"New details surface 20 years on from Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon" 8937: 6974:. Area Handbook Series (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Division. 6500: 6276: 5863: 5673: 5155: 4537: 4472: 4452: 3710: 3505:

mean score of 3.76/10, ranking it 141st globally out of 172 countries.

3490: 3228: 2721: 2536:

pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the

2060: 2045: 1906: 1898: 1852: 1791: 1787: 1615: 1418: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1185: 1177: 1172:

and fomented political instability, widespread resource shortages, and

1035: 19637: 16312: 16103: 15430: 14943:. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. Archived from 13219: 12017:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 10373: 9129:"After 2 Decades, Scars of Lebanon's Civil War Block Path to Dialogue" 8284:

Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon

6652: 6620: 3151:

since a painful economic crisis dragged it to the brink of becoming a

1774:

The region that is now Lebanon, as with the rest of Syria and much of

1584: 21302: 20503: 20206: 19809: 19394: 19195: 19190: 19070: 18731: 18172: 17579: 14737: 13819:"Hobbyists hope to halt hunger in Lebanon by growing their own crops" 11126: 10774:"Lebanese Protesters Addressed President Aoun with an Urgent Demand/" 10028: 7688: 7107: 6310: 6113: 5821: 5750: 5599:

is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media.

5550: 5517:

primarily live in Western Beirut, the Southern coast of Lebanon, and

4611: 4592: 4581: 4398: 3800: 3753: 3335: 3331: 3256: 3160: 3050: 2912: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2701: 2532:

into South Lebanon, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon. The

2529: 2528:

In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, largely boosted by

2476: 2126:

under European diplomatic pressure following the 1860 massacres. The

2071:, various members of the Shihab clan ruled Mount Lebanon until 1830. 1844: 1799: 1739: 1638: 1637:, and consequently became the homeland of Canaanite descendants, the 1619: 1507: 1034:. After the 7th century, the region came under the rule of different 1015: 980: 250: 17618:"Team Lebanon Profile - 2011 FIBA Asia Championship | FIBA.COM" 16195:"English assumes greater importance in Lebanese linguistic universe" 15492:"Lebanon: Syrian Refugees Cost the Economy $ 4.5 Billion Every Year" 14625: 13222:"Arab Political Systems: Baseline Information and Reforms – Lebanon" 12518: 7412: 5404:

was estimated that the population was 54% Christian and 44% Muslim.

3178:, became the largest Christian-based party in parliament. The Sunni 1606:

Evidence dating back to an early settlement in Lebanon was found in

1393: 1267: 1074:, the first Lebanese proto-state was established in the form of the 19:

This article is about the country. For other uses of "Lebanon", see

21453:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

20753: 20645: 20598: 20558: 20553: 20468: 20453: 20080: 19735: 19505: 19413:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

19271: 19210: 19165: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19035: 18592: 18116: 17829: 17533:"Lebanon's Rugby World Cup bid ends with draw | Sports, Rugby" 15749: 15374:"Senior Seminar: Transnational Migration and Diasporic Communities" 12820: 12329:[Rain participates in extinguishing the fires of Lebanon]. 11383:"Hariri's absence leaves Sunni voters unsure ahead of Lebanon poll" 11333:"After elections in Lebanon, does political change stand a chance?" 9114: 7257: 6449: 6410: 6201: 6189: 6059: 5622:

English is increasingly used in science and business interactions.

5488: 5452: 5223: 5066: 4962:

personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict.

3581: 3474: 3327: 3129: 3046: 2793: 2717: 2130: 2127: 2115: 1957: 1953: 1860: 1775: 1697: 1303: 1083: 1051: 967: 805: 733: 17803: 15622: 12970:"Mediterranean gas sends sparks flying between Lebanon and Israel" 11444:"Death toll from Lebanon migrant boat climbs to 73, minister says" 11352:"Hezbollah allies projected to suffer losses in Lebanon elections" 10648:"Lebanon Protesters Found Strength in Unity, Ditched Sectarianism" 9637:"Syria Involved in Killing Lebanon's Ex-Premier, U.N. Report Says" 9612:(Press release). United Nations – Security Council. 7 April 2005. 6811:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Lebanon)" 5753:(2.2%), exposure to unspecified factor, unspecified place (2.1%), 5558: 5173: 5095: 3580:

researchers witnessed the open burning of dumps in al-Qantara and

3385:

and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre. Lebanon has

1948:

and destruction of the Crusader state, the County of Tripoli, 1289

1771:, the latter which the land of present-day Lebanon was a part of. 1705: 20660: 20635: 20625: 20588: 20573: 20463: 20428: 20418: 20413: 20196: 20186: 20160: 20145: 20120: 20075: 20070: 20065: 19821: 19750: 19730: 19670: 19660: 19655: 19500: 19492: 19235: 19150: 19015: 19005: 18652: 15656:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are" 15013:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z

14884: 14858: 12455:. United States Institute of Peace. 22 March 2009. Archived from 11566:

Egyptian Journal of Geology – Volume 42, Issue 1 – Page 263, 1998

10739:"Nationwide Protests Erupt in Lebanon as Economic Crisis Deepens" 10678:"Protesters march from Al Nour Square to Central Bank in Tripoli" 10088:"Feuding Political Camps in Lebanon Agree to Talk to End Impasse" 7775:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad; Najem, Tom (2021).

7584:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006).

7003:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006).

6453: 6414: 6212:

is held every fall, drawing top runners from Lebanon and abroad.

6197: 6193: 6125: 6117: 6105: 5825: 5507: 5397: 5313: 5295: 5189: 5139: 5121: 5085: 4927: 4908: 4493:

Male homosexuality is illegal in Lebanon. Discrimination against

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were forbidden to work in over 70 jobs because they did not have

3498: 3382: 3323: 3098:

on 10 August 2020, nonetheless continuing to stay in office in a

2821:

United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission

2712:, Hezbollah actively engaged in combat against Israel as well as 1701: 1666: 1662: 1561:

in 1102, encompassed most of present-day Lebanon, falling to the

1503: 266: 17445: 17272: 16158: 16033: 14314:"Personnel | Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory" 13524:"Lebanon goes to the polls amid its worst-ever financial crisis" 12111:

Exportation plan was Lebanon's only option. Envitonment Minister

11473:

Bassam, Laila; Gebeily, Maya; Azhari, Timour (31 January 2023).

8806:

Out of the Middle East: The Emergence of an Arab Global Business

4359:

for the first time in over 35 years. Lebanon is a member of the

1641:, a seafaring people based in the coastal strip of the northern 20748: 20675: 20665: 20533: 20523: 20498: 20488: 20448: 20191: 20100: 20095: 19755: 19720: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19675: 19525: 19520: 19515: 19291: 19215: 19180: 19115: 19095: 19085: 19045: 19030: 19025: 18766: 18754: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18657: 16287:

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports

14970:"Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" 14477:. Center for the Study of the Built Environment. Archived from 10874:"Roadblocks across Lebanon as anger rises over Diab pick as PM" 9105:

Middle East International No 315, 19 December 1987, Publishers

8710:"Lebanon Exiled and suffering: Palestinian refugees in Lebanon" 6693:"Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" 6295:

who were able to earn the Asian and Arab championships before.

6269: 6205: 6170: 6121: 6029:

holidays. Christian holidays are celebrated following both the

5955: 5944: 5833: 5829: 5817: 5492: 5389: 5277: 5050: 5032: 4864: 4762: 4715: 4658: 4635: 4615: 4447: 4071: 3930: 3685:

considered Lebanon to be among only two (together with Israel)

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to the west, a 375 kilometres (233 mi) border shared with

3065: 2920: 2397:

In May 1948, Lebanon supported neighboring Arab countries in a

2391: 2371:

of 1943 required that its president be Maronite Christian, its

1974: 1945: 1930: 1840: 1827: 1748: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1607: 1596: 1588: 1495: 1008: 996: 988: 976: 205: 164: 21428:

Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

19913: 19482: 18605: 15929:

In Search of a Prophet: A Spiritual Journey with Kahlil Gibran

13856: 12712:"Lebanese parliament extends own term till 2017 amid protests" 12394:

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (31 March 2003).

11585:

Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan – Middle East: region in transition

11215:"Gunbattles erupt during protest of Beirut blast probe; 6 die" 10939:"Lebanon Looks to China as US, Arabs Refuse to Help in Crisis" 10119:"Lebanese rivals set to elect president after historic accord" 9672:

United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine

8390:"Writing the Boundary: "Khitat al-Shăm" by Muhammad Kurd ʹAli" 8352:

Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State Under the Mandate

8017:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C. (2021). "Chronology; Introduction".

7463:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 0–220. 6092:

Lebanese cuisine is similar to those of many countries in the

3522:

Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests

3138:

scheduled general election expected to be delayed indefinitely

2673:, aiming to support Lebanese forces in driving out the PLO. A 1786:

established a monastic tradition focused on the importance of

21332: 21322: 21312: 20706: 20690: 20640: 20615: 20583: 20548: 20478: 20473: 20438: 20366: 20201: 20170: 20155: 20150: 20135: 20110: 20085: 19817: 19745: 19740: 19715: 19710: 19700: 19680: 19591: 19555: 19545: 19399: 19240: 19200: 19175: 19155: 19090: 19065: 19055: 19040: 18776: 18749: 18739: 18662: 18035:

A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered

15401:"Iraqi refugees in Lebanon 'left behind, forgotten': charity" 14941:"Lebanon : Overview Minority Rights Group International" 14567:"Impact of the July Offensive on the Public Finances in 2006" 11839: 8108:

the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian

6145: 6129: 6128:

wheat. Lebanese restaurant meals begin with a wide array of

6109: 6097: 5888: 5393: 5385: 5207: 4947: 4650: 4619: 4348: 4344: 3828: 3319: 3264: 3023: 3003: 2801: 2640: 2604: 2302: 2290: 2134: 1965: 1914: 1881: 1848: 1783: 1709: 1658: 1650: 984: 20380:

Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

17969:("The Baath and Lebanon"). Beirut: Dar-al-Tali'a Books, 1973 14979:. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. 12848:"IntelBrief: Lebanon Election Shakes Up Political Landscape" 12573:"Freedom in the World, Country Ratings by Region, 1972–2013" 12357:"Lebanon's economic crisis is wrecking the environment, too" 11412:

Mello, Charbel; Kourdi, Eyad; Alberti, Mia (24 April 2022).

11246:

Lebanon enters the new year in a deepening crisis - BBC News

10241:"Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal" 10053: 6702:. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. 6621:"The Political Values of Lebanese Maronite College Students" 6475:, Lebanese legislator and Minister of Economy and Commerce; 4860: 3584:. On Sunday 13 October 2019 at night, a series of about 100 2923:, the most important Sunni center in Lebanon, leading to an 2479:. Beirut was also nicknamed "the Paris of the Middle East." 36:"Lebanese Republic" redirects here. Not to be confused with 21389:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement 20655: 20593: 20563: 20513: 20508: 20458: 20125: 20090: 19535: 19510: 19250: 19160: 19125: 19080: 19075: 18984: 18711: 18672: 18667: 14375:"The Bizarre Tale of the Middle East's First Space Program" 13913:"Lebanese farmers face toughening crisis – DW – 06/15/2021" 13343:"Human rights group urges Lebanon to abolish anti-LGBT law" 12396:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2002: Lebanon" 12214:"Will short-term solution help Lebanon solve trash crisis?" 10553:"Lebanese govt to charge USD 0.20 a day for WhatsApp calls" 10495:"Protests erupt over taxes as govt races to wrap up budget" 9312:"Fighting erupts in Lebanon after rockets hit Jewish state" 8877:. British Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Archived from 7032:"All at sea: The maritime lives of the ancient Phoenicians" 6287:

3 times in a row. Dominant basketball teams in Lebanon are

6184:

in the afternoon. At the competitive level, basketball and

6137: 6133: 5954:

are rapidly advancing in popularity. Lebanese artists like

5732: 5668:

required to follow a prescribed curriculum designed by the

5241: 4831: 4402: 4324: 3812:) which are further subdivided into twenty-five districts ( 3563:

The plan also stipulates the establishment of landfills in

3049:, but quickly expanded into a country-wide condemnation of 2744: 2583: 2294: 2041: 1258: 914: 896: 890: 244: 14600:"Saudi Arabia Key Contributor To Lebanon's Reconstruction" 14028: 13769: 10585:"Protests erupt in Lebanon over plans to impose new taxes" 10054:

Martínez, Beatriz; Francesco Volpicella (September 2008).

8241: 7359: 6208:

are among the other common leisure sports in Lebanon. The

3469:

In ancient times, Lebanon was covered by large forests of

3377:

foremost of which is the 145 kilometres (90 mi) long

3286:

Lebanon from space. Snow cover can be seen on the western

2616:

grounds that the cease-fire was only relevant to Lebanon.

2576:

calling for immediate Israeli withdrawal and creating the

2227:, the kingdom was dissolved. Around the same time, at the 1885:, or poll tax levied on non-Muslims. During the 980s, the 1879:

rule. Christians and Jews were often obligated to pay the

1250:) meaning "white", apparently from its snow-capped peaks. 902: 21169:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries 17503:"Samoa beats Lebanon to be last team in league world cup" 17277:

New media in the Muslim world: the emerging public sphere

16825:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East

15826:. Institute for Comparative Survey Research. March 2015. 14419:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

12014: 11816:

Semaan, M. & Haber, R. 2003. In situ conservation on

11610:"Israel's Withdrawal from Lebanon Given UN's Endorsement" 7774: 7199: 5652: 4776: 3427:

created by the high peaks of the western mountain range.

2823:

published preliminary findings on 20 October 2005 in the

2761:

In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the

2734:’s second term as president drew to an end, the Lebanese 2599:(SLA), a Christian militia under the leadership of Major 2506: 1716:, imposed tribute and attacked non-compliant cities. The 1494:

of 1920. Its territory was in the core of the Bronze Age

1490:

The borders of contemporary Lebanon are a product of the

1240: 825: 21458:

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

18003:

History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine, Vol. 2

16689:"Health Reform In Lebanon: Key Achievements at a glance" 15461:"Sudanese jobless in Lebanon risk life on Israel border" 15062:. Lebanese Information Center Lebanon. 14 January 2013. 14918:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

14889:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

14790: 14288:"Rammal Award attribution by the Euroscience Foundation" 12296:"الحريري يستغيث بأوروبا.. حرائق مهولة تلتهم أحراج لبنان" 11860: 11154:"Lebanon forms new government, ending 13-month standoff" 10844:"Lebanese president asks Hassan Diab to form government" 10465:"Protests spread across Lebanon over proposed new taxes" 9981:

Zisser, Eyal (2011), Bengio, Ofra; Litvak, Meir (eds.),

8976:, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984), pp. 202, 279. 4409:

coordination with public and humanitarian institutions.

3526:

Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests

2900:

led by groups opposed to the pro-Western Prime Minister

2831:

Post-war revolution and spillover of the Syrian conflict

2819:

called for an investigation into the assassination. The

2394:'s position as a regional center for finance and trade. 2040:, with governance administered indirectly through local 17012: 16766:"From kebabs to fattoush – keeping Lebanon's food safe" 15003: 12152:"Sierra Leone denies agreement to accept Lebanon waste" 11508:"Lebanon devalues official exchange rate by 90 percent" 10151:"Hezbollah and allies topple Lebanese unity government" 7583: 7002: 5694:(#2 in the Middle East as of 2022 and #226 worldwide), 4657:'s Campus of Innovation and Sports on Damascus Street, 4568:

largest proportion of skilled labor among Arab States.

2246:, was officially established under French control as a 1355:) in 1920, and eventually in the name of the sovereign 18979: 16404:. Université Saint-Joseph. 6 July 2006. Archived from 15344:"Lebanon starts to feel the pinch of financial crisis" 12298:[Massive fires devour the forest of Lebanon]. 12121:

Sukleen defends itself against corruption allegations.

9274:"Dozens Are Killed As Israelis Attack Camp in Lebanon" 8461: 6238:

reaching the quarter-finals, narrowly losing 24–22 to

6218:

is a relatively new but growing sport in Lebanon. The

5824:, and then subsequently conquered and occupied by the 5587:

is to be used". The majority of Lebanese people speak

3550:, to export over 100,000 tons of untreated waste from 2086:, as a result of a European-Ottoman treaty called the 1050:

caliphates. The 11th century saw the beginning of the

18020:. Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1987. 17644:"Team Lebanon Profile – 2010 FIBA World Championship" 17620:. London2012.fiba.com. 23 August 2011. Archived from 17020:

Media, sex, violence, and drugs in the global village

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Kamalipour, Yahya; Rampal Kuldip (15 November 2001).

15483: 12790:"Will Lebanon's new electoral law end the stalemate?" 12426:

Geopolitics: the geography of international relations

9989:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 145–161, 9945: 9943: 9941: 8687: 8675: 8663: 8170:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53. 7409:

The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series

2865:

fire on targets in Lebanon, and a ground invasion of

2580:(UNIFIL), charged with attempting to establish peace. 2261: 1593:

the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world

1253:

Occurrences of the name have been found in different

1022:. In 64 BC, the region of Lebanon became part of the 935: 917: 911: 905: 899: 18097:

profiles of people and institutions provided by the

18018:

Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon

17893:

Coogan, Michael D.; Smith, Mark S. (15 March 2012).

17023:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 16029: 16027: 15788:"Study shows stable Christian population in Lebanon" 13283:"The countries where homosexuality is still illegal" 12659:"Eager Lebanese race to polls to cast their ballots" 12505:

Lijphart, Arend (1969). "Consociational Democracy".

12071: 12008: 9515:

and 22 others and gouging a deep crater in the road.

8466:. Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn. Archived from 8313:

The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea, 1840–1920

7538: 7461:

The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788

6535: 6434: 6341: 3116:

killed 28 people. September saw the formation of a

2963:

collapsed due to growing tensions stemming from the

2082:, which lasted about 400 years, was replaced by the 1367: 1341: 957: 893: 887: 107: 65: 17752:"Football – Competition : Pan Arab Games 1997" 16956: 14804:. Associated Press. 19 January 2010. Archived from 14742:"The 44 Places to Go in 2009 – Interactive Graphic" 14475:"Deconstructing Beirut's Reconstruction: 1990–2000" 12453:"Lebanon's Confessionalism: Problems and Prospects" 12131:

Lebanon trash not fit to produce fuel – Export firm

11854: 11472: 11185:"Power returns to Lebanon after a 24-hour blackout" 9920:"Life set to get harder for Nahr al-Bared refugees" 9530:. CBC News Indepth. 30 January 2007. Archived from 9463:"Lebanese mark uprising against Syria's domination" 9085:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. pp. 171–175. 8611:"Lebanon's Confessionalism: Problems and Prospects" 7960: 7106:. Government of Canada. 28 May 2009. Archived from 5883:is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind 4957:In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive 2152:, later used as a template for the 1920 borders of 1097:, the region of modern-day Lebanon came under the 884: 17344: 17274: 17273:Dale F. Eickelman; Jon W. Anderson (1 July 2003). 17203: 15568:. New York: Nova Science Publishers. p. 150. 14861:. Embassy of Japan in Lebanon. 12 September 2012. 14798:"Lebanon Says 2009 Was Best on Record for Tourism" 14735: 14711:"Tourist arrivals statistics – Countries Compared" 12626: 11582: 11411: 9938: 9528:"Recent background on Syria's presence in Lebanon" 9402:"Resistance and Liberation Day in Lebanon in 2021" 8617:. United States Institute of Peace. Archived from 7890:Page, Melvin Eugene; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). 7850: 7807: 7805: 7656: 7380:The Oxford guide to people and places of the Bible 3235:Lebanon is located in West Asia between latitudes 2990:threatened to spill over in Lebanon, causing more 1626:fishing communities who lived on the shore of the 20862:OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37 18037:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. 17806:. International Olympic Committee. 26 June 2012. 16104:"Campaign to save the Arabic language in Lebanon" 16024: 15202:"Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce" 15145:"Tenacity and risk – the Lebanese in West Africa" 14772:"Ministry of Tourism :: Destination Lebanon" 14764: 11122:"Lebanon fuel tanker explosion kills at least 28" 11062:"Lebanon's government resigns after Beirut blast" 8434: 8259:Lebanon: war and politics in a fragmented society 7485:"How it all began - A concise history of Lebanon" 7438:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 178. 7433: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 6614: 6612: 6495:, Editor in Chief of "An Nahar" newspaper. 2006: 3030: 21463:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 21404: 17136:Arab filmmakers of the Middle East: a dictionary 15887: 15885: 15883: 15606:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 15547:"Based on data published by Lebanon Demographic" 15051: 15049: 15047: 15045: 14916:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 14829:"Hospitality revenues plunge 40 percent in 2011" 14597: 14529: 14527: 13796:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12447: 12445: 12211: 11930:"Lebanon begins landmark reforestation campaign" 11668:, p. 3, Florence, Italy: Casa Editrice Bonechi. 11092:"Lebanon threatened with total darkness: Ghajar" 10708:"Protesters block Karakoul Druze-Mar Elias road" 10260:"Syrian War Plays Out Along a Street in Lebanon" 9083:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 8938:Ze'ev Schiff; Ehud Yaʼari; Ina Friedman (1985). 8914:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8256: 7544: 2424:'s presidency, Lebanon experienced economic boom 2343: 2171:Lebanon experienced profound devastation in the 1810:occupied what is now Lebanon from 619 till 629. 1125:, with the state's major religious groups being 1121:and subsequently established a distinct form of 1117:. By 1943, Lebanon had gained independence from 21123:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement 18057:Official Government of Lebanon information site 17897:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. 16819: 16817: 16251:"The Global Information Technology Report 2013" 16192: 14939:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 14826: 14675: 14673: 14407:, Brill Academic Pub (August 1, 1997), page 154 14242:ago·, M. Srour·People·2 years (15 March 2019). 13779:, archived from the original on 27 October 2005 13065:"US military aid at stake in Lebanon elections" 12597: 12567: 12565: 12504: 11587:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 85–159. 10085: 9860: 9520: 8316:. University of California Press. p. 287. 7802: 7434:Bienkowski, Piotr; Millard, Alan Ralph (2000). 5591:, which is grouped in a larger category called 4926:As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 1,600,000 4879:are spread throughout the world, especially in 4775:The tourism industry accounts for about 10% of 4471:institutions, shall be divided equally between 3696:electoral democratic country in the Middle East 2250:, following the terms outlined in the proposed 2122:, which had been created as a homeland for the 1794:near the Mediterranean mountain range known as 1778:, became a major center of Christianity in the 21149:Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity 18028:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades 17860:"Past Festivals « Lebanon Water Festival" 17780:. FRANCE 24. 27 September 2009. Archived from 17383:. Lebanese Ministry of Tourism. Archived from 16957:Sheehan, Sean; Latif Zawiah (30 August 2007). 16871:"Media Art Net | Ra'ad, Walid: Biography" 16454:"American University of Beirut (AUB) Rankings" 15952: 15716:. Central Intelligence Agency, United States. 14626:"Donors pledge over $ 940 million for Lebanon" 14572:. Lebanese Ministry of Finance. Archived from 13313:"Lebanon: No Justification for LGBT Crackdown" 12477: 11924: 11922: 11745: 10527:"Lebanon scraps WhatsApp tax as protests rage" 9188:. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from 8221:. University of California Press. p. 94. 7889: 7378:Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (2004). 7054: 6731: 6729: 6609: 5763:International Organization for Standardization 3397:and run through the steep gorges and into the 3381:that rises in the Beqaa Valley to the west of 3275:is disputed by Lebanon in a small area called 2603:backed by Israel. The Israeli Prime Minister, 2413:. This was Lebanon's only success in the war. 1212:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 21029: 20352: 19929: 19623: 19468: 18965: 18621: 18132: 17953:L’idée de langue libanaise d’après Sa‘īd ‘Aql 17915:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War 17405: 17345:Carter, Terry; Dunston Lara (1 August 2004). 17311: 17309: 16710: 16708: 16683: 16681: 15956:Hamra of Beirut: A Case of Rapid Urbanization 15880: 15739:«El santo padre sigue de visita en el Líbano» 15042: 14681:"Lebanon's tourists: Can they be lured back?" 14524: 14499: 13638: 13636: 12940:"Lebanese forces may play bigger role in war" 12816:"Lebanon's New Cabinet: Up to the Challenge?" 12709: 12591: 12442: 12270:"Lebanon: No Action to Enforce New Waste Law" 11960:"Forest and landscape restoration in Lebanon" 10169: 10143: 9754:Myre, Greg; Erlanger, Steven (12 July 2006). 8712:. Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from 7857:. Vintage Books (Random House). p. 305. 7377: 7333:(2nd ed.). McFarland. pp. 214–216. 7133:"Lebanon- Human development report 2021/2022" 6944:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2 March 2023, 4602: 4328:United Nations Lebanon headquarters in Beirut 3520:Lebanon contains two terrestrial ecoregions: 2452:In 1958, during the last months of President 2312:After the fighting ended in Lebanon, General 21139:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation 20882: 17315: 16950: 16814: 16066: 15566:Economics and Geopolitics of the Middle East 15465:Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World 15009: 14903: 14670: 14535:"Lebanon Economic Report: 2nd quarter, 2006" 14121:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 13879: 13644:The Scientific Series in Geography, Grade 11 13220:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 13155: 13153: 13151: 13092:"The Future of U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon" 12628:"Lebanon Gives Palestinians New Work Rights" 12562: 11833: 10615:"Lebanon: WhatsApp tax sparks mass protests" 10287: 10285: 10257: 10081: 10079: 10077: 9753: 9694: 9494:"Language of murder makes itself understood" 8793:. February 21, 2020, Accessed 21 April 2023. 8422:"Youssef KARAM, I b. May 1823 d. 7 Apr 1889" 8217:; Debevoise, Malcolm; Kassir, Samir (2010). 8066: 8041: 7516:"The Making of Lebanon's October Revolution" 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6531: 6529: 6226:, and narrowly missed qualification for the 5698:(#17 in the region and #802-850 worldwide), 5537:primarily live in Eastern Beirut and around 3813: 3338:that runs for most of the country's length. 2634:Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1983: 1288: 1209: 1078:, created in the 19th century as a home for 830: 513:10,452 km (4,036 sq mi) ( 98: 50: 20837: 17895:Stories from Ancient Canaan, Second Edition 17892: 17399: 16721:. Ministry of Public Health. Archived from 16694:. Ministry of Public Health. Archived from 15604:International Religious Freedom Report 2010 15594: 15592: 15590: 15588: 14421:. Cambridge University Press. p. 231. 14416: 14272:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13973:"The Next Big Lebanon-Israel Flare-Up: Gas" 13370:The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists 13159: 13030: 12933: 12931: 12685:"Democratic Governance, Elections, Lebanon" 12191:"Trash arrives at Naameh under Army escort" 11919: 11776: 10802:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10293:"Syria Regional Refugee Response – Lebanon" 8633: 8348: 7721:. Destinationlebanon.gov.lb. Archived from 7365: 7073:. U.S. Department of State. 22 March 2010. 6726: 4542:Investment Development Authority of Lebanon 3763: 3251:. Its land straddles the "northwest of the 2873:. The conflict was officially ended by the 2788:On 14 February 2005, former Prime Minister 2548:agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian 2482: 2432:fled to Lebanon because of the war. Israel 2148:1862 map drawn by the French expedition of 1011:is the country's capital and largest city. 21478:States and territories established in 1943 21036: 21022: 20850:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 20359: 20345: 19966: 19936: 19922: 19630: 19616: 19475: 19461: 18972: 18958: 18628: 18614: 18139: 18125: 18030:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 17778:"Nine days of sport and culture in Beirut" 17592:"2009 Rugby League European Cup Flashback" 17306: 17139:. Indiana University Press. pp. 26–. 16847:. Kaftoun.com. 2 July 2010. Archived from 16705: 16678: 15684: 15390:Chapter II, Section B. Emigration Pre-1943 15261:"10 biggest Lebanese diaspora communities" 15226: 14118:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 13659:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 13633: 13603:"Why protesters firebomb banks in Lebanon" 13483:"The world's worst central banker retires" 13226:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 12180:The Daily Star (Lebanon) 16 February 2016. 10462: 9126: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8647:. U.S. Department of State. January 2009. 8387: 8124:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166. 8016: 7619: 7587:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 7203:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2020. 7005:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 6313:. In recent years, Lebanon has hosted the 6234:tournaments. They qualified again for the 3604: 2464:. Chamoun requested assistance, and 5,000 2305:by pressure on the weak Vichy government, 1982:succeeded in temporarily establishing the 1283:). The name occurs nearly 70 times in the 137: 20319:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees 18088:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 17974:Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon 17412:. Gospel Light Publications. p. 48. 17132: 16795:Reader, The MIT Press (19 January 2023). 16544:"Saint Joseph University of Beirut (USJ)" 16159:Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2006). 16034:Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2008). 15777:. Consultado el 15 de septiembre de 2012. 13688:. washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from 13425: 13423: 13421: 13213: 13186: 13148: 13097:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 13062: 12048: 11902: 10413: 10395: 10372: 10362: 10351:The International Journal of Human Rights 10282: 10086:Worth, Robert; Nada Bakri (16 May 2008). 10074: 8781:"Switzerland of the Middle East unravels" 8734: 8728: 8342: 8303: 8275: 8147: 7104:Canadian International Development Agency 7094: 7092: 6998: 6996: 6796: 6538:"Article 11 of the Lebanese Constitution" 6526: 6188:are among Lebanon's most popular sports. 6010: 5672:. Some of the 1400 private schools offer 4645: 4070:Beirut Governorate comprises the city of 2706:financially supported and trained by Iran 2524:that separated west and east Beirut, 1982 1751:had the region of Syria annexed into the 1478:Learn how and when to remove this message 1261:, and three of the twelve tablets of the 681: 21043: 18090:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 17470: 17088:"Cairo: the Hollywood of the Arab World" 17015:"Between Globalization and Localization" 16996:, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 372 16895: 16218: 15925: 15585: 15563: 14859:"Lebanese Cuisine With a Japanese Twist" 14774:. Lebanon-tourism.gov.lb. Archived from 14493: 14435: 14244:"6 Lebanese Geniuses That Make Us Proud" 14055:"The Gulf, Lebanon and The War on Drugs" 13565:"Lebanon is experiencing a tourism boom" 13361: 13162:"The Lebanese Legal System and Research" 13116: 13089: 12928: 12896: 12880:. Localiban. 17 May 2017. 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In general, meals are finished with 3477:caused by the long dry summer season. 3441:Marine environmental issues in Lebanon 3298:Lebanon is divided into four distinct 2971:, the candidate for the Hezbollah-led 2888:refugee camp became the center of the 2669:attacks from Lebanon on Israel led to 2497:Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon 1192:. Lebanon is a founding member of the 966: 21017: 20340: 19917: 19611: 19456: 18953: 18609: 18596: 18240:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 18213:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon 18120: 17945: 17870:from the original on 5 September 2015 17758:from the original on 10 November 2013 17754:. Footballdatabase.eu. 27 July 1997. 17452:from the original on 22 February 2011 17281:. 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The Lebanese government counts its 4915:). Australia is home to over 270,000 4871:is the most populous city in Lebanon. 3674:and the Deputy Speaker of Parliament 3055:stagnant economy and liquidity crisis 2837:Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon 1557:of the County of Tripoli, founded by 1127:apportioned specific political powers 385:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon 20253:Arab League–European Union relations 18760:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 18597: 18146: 17732:from the original on 5 November 2013 17513:from the original on 31 January 2014 17254:from the original on 2 November 2011 17185:from the original on 17 January 2013 17153:from the original on 18 October 2013 16788: 16319:from the original on 17 January 2013 16231:from the original on 2 December 2012 15953:Khalaf; Kongstad (7 November 2022). 15868:from the original on 29 October 2023 15812: 15666:from the original on 20 October 2019 15471:from the original on 30 October 2021 15441:from the original on 10 October 2012 15376:. Hamline University. 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The narrow and discontinuous 3182:, led by former prime minister 2992:incidents of sectarian violence 2530:Palestinian militant relocation 2006: 1403:needs additional citations for 1152:. It has been classified as an 21418:1943 establishments in Lebanon 20774:Moro National Liberation Front 19364:British Indian Ocean Territory 17994:Lebanon: through Writers' Eyes 17886: 16916:– via www.newyorker.com. 16827:, Facts On File, 2009, p. 406 16514:"Lebanese American University" 16430:. 18 June 2008. Archived from 15714:"Lebanon — The World Factbook" 15522:"Lebanon, Opinion survey 2009" 14713:. NationMaster. Archived from 14183:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 13979:. 6 April 2011. Archived from 13771:United Nations Population Fund 13289:. 12 June 2019. Archived from 12625:Bakri, Nada (17 August 2010). 12302:(in Arabic). 15 October 2019. 10463:Fadi Tawil (17 October 2019). 10345:Janmyr, Maja (16 March 2018). 9009:10.1525/jps.1981.11.1.00p0366x 8645:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 8556:Barr, James (10 August 2020). 8067:Gorton, T.J. (25 April 2013). 8042:Gorton, T.J. (25 April 2013). 7658:"The world's 20 oldest cities" 6876:. 13 March 2024. p. 275. 6761: 6682: 6591:"Lebanon - the World Factbook" 6583: 6556: 6499:, Minister of Industry. 2007: 6403: 6386: 5714:(#600s worldwide as of 2020). 5506:of 2014 put the percentage of 4828:confessional political balance 4690: 4571: 4536:model. Most of the economy is 4482: 3740:, and the Prime Minister, the 3732:One of many protests in Beirut 3430: 3031:National crisis (2019–present) 2892:between the Lebanese Army and 2274:and the states created in 1920 2114:'s subdivisions following the 1813: 143:Location of Lebanon (in green) 1: 20248:Arab League monitors in Syria 19483:Countries and regions in the 17092:Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 16742:. Ministry of Public Health. 15564:Dralonge, Richard N. (2008). 14654:Ain-Al-Yaqeen. Archived from 14602:. Cyprus News. Archived from 13715:"Lebanon – Facts and Figures" 13646:, 110–114. Beirut: Dar Habib. 11608:Philps, Alan (19 June 2000). 10364:10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140 9243:"لبنان.. سنوات الحرب والسلام" 9161:. UN IRIN news. 17 May 2007. 8803:Shair, Kamal (28 July 2006). 8244:Cultural resources in Lebanon 8122:Confrontation and Coexistence 6514: 6068:Byblos International Festival 5874: 5807: 5716:Notre Dame University-Louaize 5692:American University of Beirut 5681:American University of Beirut 4334:European Neighbourhood Policy 3782:Lebanon is divided into nine 3489:, the Jaj Cedar Reserve, the 3120:led by former prime minister 2679:the Israeli siege of the city 2344:Independence from Free France 2235:, signed a few months later. 2108:Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı 2051:In 1590, Druze tribal leader 1893:During the 11th century, the 1633:Lebanon was part of northern 1531:Muslim conquest of the Levant 1326:Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı 1174:high unemployment and poverty 435:• Independence declared 115:"All of us, for our country!" 19582:Southeastern Anatolia Region 17996:. London: Eland Books, 2009. 17912:Morris, Benny (April 2008). 17244:"Lebanon profile – Overview" 17133:Roy Armes (23 August 2010). 16134:"Arabic – a dying language?" 15932:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15896:. In Collelo, Thomas (ed.). 15892:McGowen, Afaf Sabeh (1989). 15263:. StepFEED. 6 January 2016. 15115:"The Arabs of Latin America" 13741:"Facts on Lebanon's economy" 13251:Saliba, Issam (3 May 2012). 13012:Council on Foreign Relations 12792:. Al Jazeera. 15 June 2017. 11777:Alami, Mona (30 July 2009). 10031:. 9 May 2008. Archived from 9436:الموقع الرسمي للجيش اللبناني 8997:Journal of Palestine Studies 8462:Beggiani, Chorbishop Seely. 8439:. Al Jazeera. Archived from 8150:The Druzes and the Maronites 7961:Hillenbrand, Carole (2000). 7938:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011 7747:. About.com. 13 April 2012. 6970:. In Collelo, Thomas (ed.). 6966:McGowen, Afaf Sabeh (1989). 6519: 6323:2009 Jeux de la Francophonie 5700:Lebanese American University 5641: 4320:Foreign relations of Lebanon 3209: 3126:sectarian violence in Beirut 3107:caretaker minister of energy 2965:Special Tribunal for Lebanon 2925:intrastate military conflict 2695:a devastating bombing attack 2493:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 2403:Minister of National Defense 2076:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 1952:Following the fall of Roman 1820:Muslim Arabs conquered Syria 1747:In 64 BC, the Roman general 1573: 1328:), continued in the name of 1223: 7: 21423:1943 establishments in Asia 20289:Economic and Social Council 19587:Southern Denkalya Subregion 18218:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 18080:Central Intelligence Agency 17446:"About BMA | Marathon" 17204:Migliorino, Nicola (2008). 16716:"Statistical Bulletin 2011" 14540:. Bank Audi. Archived from 14086:"Lebanon's Valley of Drugs" 13431:"Doing Business in Lebanon" 13189:"The Lebanese Legal System" 12661:. AlArabbia. Archived from 11583:Etheredge, Laura S (2011). 10058:. Transnational Institute. 9952:"Lebanon back to Normalcy?" 9950:Ruff, Abdul (1 June 2008). 9127:Wood, Josh (12 July 2012). 8498:Public Broadcasting Service 8437:"Dreaming of Greater Syria" 8168:Near East/South Asia Report 7936:Harris, William W. (2015). 7851:Dalrymple, William (1997). 7287:. NYU Press, 2011, page 130 6815:International Monetary Fund 6779:Central Intelligence Agency 6737:"The Lebanese Constitution" 6637:10.1177/0022002790034004007 6569:. Oxford University Press. 6436:al-Jumhūriyya al-Lubnāniyya 6435: 6337: 6224:2000 Rugby League World Cup 5572: 5549:, Akkar, Metn, and Beirut ( 5535:Maronite Catholic residents 5330: 4702:Lebanese real GDP 1970–2017 4685:the Lebanese Rocket Society 4395:Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) 4374: 3393:; 13 rivers originate from 2959:In early January 2011, the 2955:on the outskirts of Beirut. 2434:did not permit their return 2092:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 2084:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 2021:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 1669:, supplying cedar logs for 1370:al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah 1368: 1342: 1309:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 1076:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 958: 558:560/km (1,450.4/sq mi) 398:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 108: 67:al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah 66: 10: 21499: 19368:British Overseas Territory 18981:Countries and dependencies 18112:Wikimedia Atlas of Lebanon 17672:. Fiba.Com. Archived from 17646:. Fiba.com. Archived from 17178:. World Bank. p. 16. 17104:10.1177/001654928002600202 17061:guides.library.cornell.edu 16040:. Macmillan. p. 311. 15010:Jamie Stokes (June 2009). 13683:"Background Note: Lebanon" 12398:. US Department of State. 11887:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 11752:Data indicators by country 10772:The961 (1 November 2019). 10243:. Stratfor. Archived from 8875:"Country Profile: Lebanon" 8641:"Background Note: Lebanon" 8396:. Routledge. p. 178. 8355:. I.B.Tauris. p. 18. 8261:. Routledge. p. 291. 7745:"Lebanon in Ancient Times" 7071:"Background Note: Lebanon" 6398:French language in Lebanon 6155: 6085: 6081: 6017:Public holidays in Lebanon 6014: 5933: 5788: 5784: 5725: 5645: 5576: 5555:Melkite Catholic residents 5392:population, although most 5340: 5334: 5078: 5025: 4968: 4946:, and at least 4,000 from 4877:people of Lebanese descent 4815: 4809: 4768: 4753: 4603:Manufacturing and industry 4512: 4508: 4486: 4378: 4317: 4136:Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate 4092:Baalbek-Hermel Governorate 3767: 3760:were held on 15 May 2022. 3608: 3513:), and implemented by the 3434: 3412: 3408: 3271:with the Israeli-occupied 3213: 3034: 2994:and armed clashes between 2834: 2796:explosion. Leaders of the 2710:Islamic Revolution in Iran 2697:during the previous year. 2660: controlled by the UN 2654: controlled by Israel 2486: 2256:adoption of a constitution 2010: 1998:, who swore allegiance to 1665:collaborated closely with 1580:History of ancient Lebanon 1577: 1381: 1377: 1257:texts from the library of 1123:confessionalist government 1058:, which later fell to the 987:to the north and east, by 35: 18: 21387: 21342: 21281: 21193: 21177: 21131: 21115: 21108: 21051: 21000: 20947: 20875: 20830: 20782: 20762: 20722: 20715: 20699: 20401: 20392: 20375: 20309: 20266: 20235: 20215: 20179: 20056: 20049: 20038: 19979: 19951: 19833: 19787: 19764: 19646: 19569: 19491: 19408: 19381: 19350: 19334: 19313: 19300: 19258: 19247: 18991: 18899: 18859: 18794: 18783: 18643: 18603: 18554: 18470: 18461: 18406: 18397: 18328: 18319: 18257: 18248: 18158: 17918:. Yale University Press. 15689:. Routledge. p. 33. 15685:J. Stewart, Dona (2008). 15634:. Ibp USA. 3 March 2012. 14443:"CIA World Factbook 2001" 14213:"Global Innovation Index" 13717:. Iom.int. Archived from 9316:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 8995:"The Bombing of Beirut". 8848:. Routledge. p. 45. 8609:Harb, Imad (March 2006). 8257:Winslow, Charles (1996). 8096:. Routledge. p. 32. 7590:. ABC-CLIO. p. 104. 7253:"Lebanon country profile" 7007:. ABC-CLIO. p. 104. 6536:Axel Tschentscher, LL.M. 6289:Sporting Al Riyadi Beirut 6151: 6005:Reporters Without Borders 5721: 5718:(NDU) (#701 as of 2021). 5616:League of Nations mandate 5451:, smaller percentages of 5396:today do not identify as 4628:significant drug industry 4158:Mount Lebanon Governorate 3841: 3778:Municipalities of Lebanon 3664:Speaker of the Parliament 3463:Csontváry Kosztka Tivadar 3041:Lebanese liquidity crisis 3002:in Tripoli. According to 2961:national unity government 2373:speaker of the parliament 2333:Martyrs' Square in Beirut 2248:League of Nations Mandate 2188:Amidst the height of the 1200:, and is a member of the 1158:Lebanese liquidity crisis 1154:upper-middle-income state 1111:German invasion of France 1054:and the establishment of 991:to the south, and by the 831: 816: 804: 792: 782: 758: 740: 725: 695: 670: 651: 632: 618: 599: 580: 562: 552: 538: 531: 521: 507: 500: 496: 483: 470: 457: 443: 433: 420: 407: 394: 381: 368: 364: 359: 349: 345: 334:Speaker of the Parliament 330: 315: 298: 294: 277: 265: 231: 221: 211: 201: 157: 148: 136: 100: 93: 75: 45: 20845:Abuja Declaration (1989) 20739:Central African Republic 18208:Emirate of Mount Lebanon 18068:13 February 2024 at the 18059:(archived 11 April 2011) 17864:lebanonwaterfestival.com 17834:lebanonwaterfestival.com 17830:"Lebanon Water Festival" 17804:"Athletes | Heroes" 17696:"Asian Nations Cup 2000" 16662:. SESRIC. Archived from 16636:. SESRIC. Archived from 16484:"University of Balamand" 16256:. World Economic Forum. 15980:Harris, William (1985). 15898:Lebanon: A Country Study 13947:www.iatatravelcentre.com 12598:V-Dem Institute (2023). 11664:(Bonechi et al.) (2004) 10153:. BBC. 12 January 2011. 9021:Smith, op. cit., p. 377. 8985:Smith, op. cit., p. 376. 8494:WWII Behind Closed Doors 7631:Encyclopaedia Britannica 6972:Lebanon: A Country Study 6841:"Gini Index coefficient" 6792:(Archived 2022 edition.) 6489:Lebanese Communist Party 6481:Democratic Left Movement 6379: 6275:Lebanon participates in 6204:, swimming, sailing and 5929: 5543:Greek Orthodox residents 5388:citizens as part of its 4338:World Trade Organization 3764:Administrative divisions 3198:by 90% amid the ongoing 3194:of Lebanon devalued the 2700:During the early 1980s, 2483:Civil War and occupation 2379:, its prime minister be 2080:Emirate of Mount Lebanon 1839:political crises in the 1818:During the 7th century, 1734:siege of Tyre in 332 BCE 1679:oldest verified alphabet 1184:is renowned both in the 1139:Israel from 1985 to 2000 1101:, to be administered by 1066:, and eventually to the 474:Israeli troops withdrawn 21:Lebanon (disambiguation) 19597:South Sinai Governorate 19326:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18026:Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 17594:. Rugby League Planet. 17567:1 December 2017 at the 16165:. Robson. p. 483. 16078:Encyclopædia Britannica 15768:5 November 2012 at the 14968:Hajjar, George (2002). 14115:WIPO (9 January 2024). 13457:"Investment Law No.360" 13257:Law Library of Congress 12775:11 January 2016 at the 12127:10 January 2016 at the 11746:The World Bank (2012). 11639:ECODIT (October 2005). 9995:10.1057/9781137495068_9 9610:"Press Release SC/8353" 9186:"The Future of Lebanon" 8842:Toaldo, Mattia (2013). 8809:. Bloomsbury Academic. 7366:Coogan & Smith 2012 7302:Encyclopedia Britannica 6691:Hajjar, George (2002). 6394:Constitution of Lebanon 6303:Lebanese Premier League 6285:FIBA World Championship 5852: 5658:Saint Joseph University 5561:which is predominantly 5347:Christianity in Lebanon 4812:Demographics of Lebanon 4666:Global Innovation Index 4558:Central Bank of Lebanon 4524:Beirut Central District 4365:Jeux de la Francophonie 3770:Governorates of Lebanon 3692:V-Dem Democracy indices 3636:parliamentary democracy 3615:Human rights in Lebanon 3605:Government and politics 3487:Shouf Biosphere Reserve 3419:Lebanon has a moderate 3168:Free Patriotic Movement 3020:Free Patriotic Movement 2443:Lebanese identity cards 1692:In the 9th century BC, 1610:, considered among the 1304:Ottoman reforms of 1861 1276: 1241: 1150:Human Development Index 1135:Syria from 1976 to 2005 1030:under the aegis of the 487:Syrian troops withdrawn 202:Official languages 29:Libnan (disambiguation) 20734:Bosnia and Herzegovina 20604:Pakistan-OIC relations 19666:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19384:Special administrative 19360:(Sovereign Base Areas) 18755:North Syria Federation 18421:International rankings 18262:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 16873:. Medienkunstnetz.de. 16339:"Business Information" 14500:Johnson, Anna (2006). 13857:"World Bank Open Data" 12687:. UNDP. Archived from 12137:9 January 2016 at the 12117:8 January 2016 at the 12107:8 January 2016 at the 11688:. Country Studies US. 11276:www.europarl.europa.eu 10322:. SADA. Archived from 9718: 20 October 2005. 9081:Armajani, Jon (2020). 8767:26 August 2013 at the 8120:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984). 8092:Hazran, Yusri (2013). 7227:"Lebanon - World bank" 6843:. CIA World Factbook. 6281:Lebanese National Team 6272: 6173: 6011:Holidays and festivals 5947: 5813: 5806:temples in the world, 5737: 5736:Belluve Medical Center 5696:University of Balamand 5660: 5601:Lebanese Sign Language 5597:Modern Standard Arabic 5545:primarily live in the 5364: 4942:, over 1,100,000 from 4934:seekers: 449,957 from 4903:, particularly to the 4872: 4766: 4726: 4703: 4670:Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah 4661: 4646:Science and technology 4530:Lebanon's constitution 4526: 4489:LGBT rights in Lebanon 4434: 4419: 4390: 4329: 4061: 3814: 3733: 3631: 3590:Lebanese Civil Defense 3543: 3466: 3454: 3312:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 3295: 3232: 3069: 2956: 2841:2011 Lebanese protests 2792:was assassinated in a 2785: 2758: 2730:In the late 1980s, as 2662: 2592: 2525: 2425: 2362:five permanent members 2358:United Nations Charter 2340: 2275: 2238:On September 1, 1920, 2210:Paris Peace Conference 2157: 2139:Maronite-Druze dualism 2107: 2033: 1949: 1890:sugar, and glassware. 1744: 1630:over 7,000 years ago. 1603: 1559:Raymond IV of Toulouse 1529:After the 7th-century 1352: 1343:Dawlat Lubnān al-Kabīr 1325: 1210: 1148:, ranked 112th on the 1070:. Under Ottoman ruler 975:, is a country in the 643:$ 21.780 billion ( 591:$ 78.233 billion ( 285:parliamentary republic 25:Liban (disambiguation) 21438:Eastern Mediterranean 21375:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 20243:Arab Peace Initiative 20023:Joint Defence Council 19798:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19791:and other territories 19358:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18385:Speaker of Parliament 15744:27 April 2014 at the 15177:. Countrystudies.us. 14920:, Population Division 14891:, Population Division 13345:. PBS. 1 April 2019. 12549:Multiethnic democracy 12074:"Republic of Rubbish" 12033:10.1093/biosci/bix014 11867:Nature Communications 11450:. 23 September 2022. 11160:. 10 September 2021. 9896:. CNN. 13 July 2006. 9842:"Lebanon Under Siege" 9378:. 24 September 2019. 8928:Smith, op. cit., 355. 8786:21 April 2023 at the 8392:. In Hiroyuki (ed.). 8310:Hakim, Carol (2013). 8282:Deeb, Marius (2013). 7327:Room, Adrian (2005). 6593:. 23 September 2021. 6321:. Lebanon hosted the 6264: 6165: 6094:Eastern Mediterranean 5943: 5868:Arab Image Foundation 5798: 5747:myocardial infarction 5735: 5710:(#577 worldwide) and 5670:Ministry of Education 5655: 5487:. Other sources like 5362: 5355:Secularism in Lebanon 5351:Irreligion in Lebanon 4863: 4761: 4732:Market capitalization 4724: 4701: 4653: 4634:and 20,000 pounds of 4522: 4427: 4414:American military aid 4388: 4381:Lebanese Armed Forces 4327: 4046: 3731: 3714:Parliament of Lebanon 3672:Deputy Prime Minister 3622: 3570:open burning of waste 3538: 3501:. Lebanon had a 2019 3460: 3448: 3421:Mediterranean climate 3285: 3223: 3105:On 11 March 2021 the 3063: 3037:17 October Revolution 3012:Lebanese Forces Party 2942: 2890:2007 Lebanon conflict 2845:17 October Revolution 2783: 2753: 2691:several refugee camps 2633: 2586: 2554:Coastal Road massacre 2519: 2466:United States Marines 2419: 2352:or its successor the 2331: 2269: 2221:Arab Kingdom of Syria 2194:Sykes–Picot Agreement 2147: 2030:Fakhreddine II Palace 2028: 2013:Mount Lebanon Emirate 1996:Eastern Mediterranean 1939: 1742: 1718:Neo-Babylonian Empire 1587: 1533:, it was part of the 1166:2020 Beirut explosion 1162:nationwide corruption 523:• Water (%) 459:• Withdrawal of 372:Mount Lebanon Emirate 38:the predecessor state 21483:West Asian countries 21045:Non-Aligned Movement 20856:OIC Resolution 10/11 20809:Non-Aligned Movement 20686:United Arab Emirates 20166:United Arab Emirates 19561:United Arab Emirates 19226:United Arab Emirates 18772:United Arab Emirates 18016:Norton, Augustus R. 17726:"2nd Pan Arab Games" 17509:. 14 November 2007. 16801:The MIT Press Reader 16345:on 14 September 2013 16199:Daily Star (Lebanon) 15091:. Management Today. 14606:on 28 September 2007 14417:Baten, Jörg (2016). 14379:Smithsonian Magazine 14318:alfven.princeton.edu 13861:World Bank Open Data 13373:, 6 September 2020, 13319:. 11 February 2019. 13164:. Nyulawglobal.org. 13008:"What Is Hezbollah?" 12909:. 10 February 2009. 12478:Marie-Joëlle Zahar. 12240:"Human Rights Watch" 11936:. 26 November 2011. 11308:. 3 September 2021. 10880:. 20 December 2019. 10850:. 19 December 2019. 10471:. AP. Archived from 10415:10.1093/jogss/ogz016 10320:"The Refugee Factor" 10247:on 10 November 2013. 9848:on 27 September 2006 9044:"What is Hizbullah?" 9031:The War of the Camps 9003:(1): 218–225. 1981. 8941:Israel's Lebanon War 6968:"Historical Setting" 6903:"Driving in Lebanon" 6222:participated in the 6116:, a salad made from 5708:Université Libanaise 5648:Education in Lebanon 5579:Languages of Lebanon 4194:Nabatieh Governorate 3774:Districts of Lebanon 3716:. Its 128 seats are 3707:Lebanese citizenship 3216:Geography of Lebanon 2953:Shatila refugee camp 2949:Palestinian refugees 2898:a series of protests 2875:UNSC Resolution 1701 2817:UNSC Resolution 1595 2639: controlled by 2550:Arab Deterrent Force 2462:United Arab Republic 2439:Lebanese citizenship 2367:Lebanon's unwritten 1984:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1412:improve this article 1232:originates from the 1202:Non-Aligned Movement 1105:, which established 983:. It is bordered by 964:local pronunciation: 760:• Summer ( 540:• 2022 estimate 16:Country in West Asia 20935:Arab–Islamic (2023) 20384:Hissein Brahim Taha 19261:States with limited 17951:Arkadiusz, Plonka. 17676:on 10 November 2013 17650:on 10 November 2013 17539:. 31 October 2011. 17483:on 10 November 2012 17352:Syria & Lebanon 16845:"Moustafa Farroukh" 16701:on 4 November 2013. 16371:on 11 December 2007 16037:The Story of French 15986:Middle East Journal 15824:World Values Survey 15796:. 7 February 2013. 15553:on 22 January 2013. 15407:. 21 October 2014. 15350:. 6 December 2008. 15293:on 21 December 2014 15208:on 18 November 2008 15151:. 10 January 2010. 14740:(11 January 2009). 14687:. 11 January 2013. 14547:on 23 November 2008 14223:on 2 September 2021 14127:10.34667/tind.46596 13663:on 10 February 2007 13293:on 28 November 2019 12600:"The V-Dem Dataset" 12158:. 10 January 2016. 11879:2020NatCo..11.5978G 11686:"Lebanon – Climate" 11666:Golden Book Lebanon 11620:on 22 February 2009 11614:The Daily Telegraph 11221:. 14 October 2021. 10976:The Washington Post 10784:on 31 December 2019 10714:. 22 October 2019. 10684:. 22 October 2019. 10654:. 27 October 2019. 10591:. 18 October 2019. 10529:. 18 October 2019. 10179:(12 January 2011). 9678:on 28 February 2008 9534:on 19 November 2012 9346:Middle East Monitor 8881:on 17 January 2013. 8761:Andrew Lee Butters 8716:on 11 December 2013 8598:on 27 January 2012. 8388:Tetz Rooke (2013). 7725:on 23 February 2008 7036:press.princeton.edu 6817:. 10 October 2023. 6540:. Servat.unibe.ch. 6428:الجمهورية اللبنانية 6076:Ministry of Tourism 5775:Asfouriyeh Hospital 5755:acute kidney injury 5504:World Values Survey 5337:Religion in Lebanon 4954:at over 1,250,000. 4785:Ministry of Tourism 4740:Ministry of Finance 4708:1975–1990 civil war 4578:agricultural sector 3625:Lebanese parliament 3611:Politics of Lebanon 3515:U.S. Forest Service 3437:Wildlife of Lebanon 3142:European Parliament 2869:, resulting in the 2675:multinational force 2671:an Israeli invasion 2570:UN Security Council 2339:on 22 November 1943 2229:San Remo Conference 2150:Beaufort d'Hautpoul 2088:Règlement Organique 1730:Alexander the Great 1714:Neo-Assyrian Empire 1694:Phoenician colonies 1657:. According to the 1600:World Heritage Site 1365:الجمهورية اللبنانية 1357:Republic of Lebanon 1353:État du Grand Liban 1080:Maronite Christians 1020:Mediterranean Basin 1005:Arabian hinterlands 1001:Mediterranean Basin 973:Republic of Lebanon 939:-ə-non, -⁠nən 859: / 182: / 52:الجمهورية اللبنانية 47:Republic of Lebanon 21329:Gamal Abdel Nasser 21203:Bandung Conference 21163:News Agencies Pool 19577:Khuzestan Province 18879:Metropolitan areas 18434:Telecommunications 18075:The World Factbook 17967:Al-Baath wa-Lubnân 17965:Firzli, Nicola Y. 17946:General references 17784:on 21 October 2012 17250:. 24 August 2011. 16992:McKenzie, Robert. 16293:on 22 October 2008 15437:. 2 October 2012. 15380:on 15 January 2009 14947:on 17 January 2013 14808:on 22 January 2010 14778:on 11 January 2010 14746:The New York Times 14717:on 30 October 2011 14658:on 20 October 2006 13571:. 24 August 2023. 13400:Human Rights Watch 13317:Human Rights Watch 12665:on 17 January 2013 12633:The New York Times 12363:. 6 October 2023. 11754:. The World Bank. 11718:on 17 January 2013 11381:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11350:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11331:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11249:, 2 January 2022, 11130:. 15 August 2021. 11068:. 11 August 2020. 11038:. 11 August 2020. 10652:Report Syndication 10507:on 31 October 2019 10475:on 21 October 2019 10326:on 29 October 2013 10264:The New York Times 10221:on 16 January 2013 10185:The New York Times 10092:The New York Times 10035:on 4 December 2010 9818:. 24 August 2023. 9812:"Hold your breath" 9760:The New York Times 9731:. United Nations. 9641:The New York Times 9278:The New York Times 9192:on 8 November 2006 9133:The New York Times 8504:on 28 October 2009 8148:CHURCHILL (1862). 7415:on 25 January 2009 7283:Abdelhady, Dalia. 7261:. 24 August 2011. 6942:The World Factbook 6774:The World Factbook 6749:on 19 January 2012 6392:Article 11 of the 6374:Outline of Lebanon 6283:qualified for the 6273: 6174: 6031:Gregorian calendar 5948: 5814: 5791:Culture of Lebanon 5779:Lebanese Civil War 5738: 5661: 5465:Maronite Catholics 5437:CIA World Factbook 5365: 4921:Lebanese Canadians 4873: 4824:Lebanese nationals 4789:Lebanese Civil War 4781:The New York Times 4771:Tourism in Lebanon 4767: 4727: 4704: 4662: 4589:commodities market 4527: 4515:Economy of Lebanon 4464:Capital punishment 4453:Vatican Rota court 4435: 4391: 4330: 4123:al-Beqaa al-Gharbi 4066:Beirut Governorate 4062: 3742:head of government 3734: 3652:Maronite Christian 3632: 3578:Human Rights Watch 3544: 3467: 3455: 3415:Climate of Lebanon 3296: 3233: 3100:caretaker capacity 3083:civil disobedience 3070: 3068:; 19 November 2019 2957: 2786: 2759: 2663: 2597:South Lebanon Army 2593: 2534:Lebanese Civil War 2526: 2489:Lebanese Civil War 2447:Human Rights Watch 2426: 2399:war against Israel 2341: 2276: 2225:Battle of Maysalun 2206:Elias Peter Hoayek 2158: 2034: 1950: 1804:Roman–Persian Wars 1757:Imperial Provinces 1745: 1604: 1384:History of Lebanon 1170:Lebanon's currency 1146:developing country 1131:Lebanese Civil War 1082:under the Ottoman 971:), officially the 968:[lɪbˈneːn] 628:2022 estimate 576:2022 estimate 233:Ethnic groups 110:Kullunā li-l-waṭan 21433:Countries in Asia 21400: 21399: 21394: 21393: 21383: 21382: 21350:Houari Boumediene 21011: 21010: 20943: 20942: 20871: 20870: 20826: 20825: 20822: 20821: 20334: 20333: 20258:Foreign relations 20231: 20230: 19911: 19910: 19640:Mediterranean Sea 19605: 19604: 19450: 19449: 19377: 19376: 18947: 18946: 18590: 18589: 18550: 18549: 18457: 18456: 18393: 18392: 18370:Political parties 18343:Foreign relations 18315: 18314: 17925:978-0-300-12696-9 17904:978-0-664-23242-9 17419:978-0-8307-4605-7 17366:978-1-86450-333-3 17347:"Getting Started" 17331:978-0-7614-2081-1 17292:978-0-253-34252-2 17217:978-1-84545-352-7 17146:978-0-253-35518-8 17034:978-0-7425-0061-7 16972:978-0-7614-2081-1 16938:on 12 August 2010 16640:on 5 October 2013 16520:. 11 April 2022. 16490:. 11 April 2022. 16460:. 11 April 2022. 16428:"Yalla! Students" 16172:978-1-86105-917-8 16047:978-0-312-34184-8 15966:978-90-04-49139-7 15939:978-1-5381-8123-2 15662:. 8 August 2018. 15575:978-1-60456-076-3 15318:joshuaproject.net 15312:Project, Joshua. 15023:978-0-8160-7158-6 14294:on 5 January 2009 14136:978-92-805-3432-0 13530:. 28 April 2022. 13402:. 4 August 2021. 13160:El Samad, Firas. 12852:The Soufan Center 12575:. Freedom House. 12547:Lijphart, Arend. 12435:978-1-4422-2349-3 12246:. December 2017. 11594:978-1-61530-414-1 11387:www.aljazeera.com 11356:www.aljazeera.com 11337:www.aljazeera.com 10916:on 9 January 2020 10004:978-1-137-49506-8 9956:Global Politician 9560:. 12 March 2005. 9348:. 29 April 2020. 9247:www.aljazeera.net 9111:Dennis Walters MP 9092:978-1-7936-2136-8 8816:978-1-84511-271-4 8615:USIPeace Briefing 8534:978-1-84983-903-7 8403:978-1-136-18453-6 8362:978-1-86064-857-1 8323:978-0-520-27341-2 8268:978-0-415-14403-2 8228:978-0-520-25668-2 8191:. December 1987. 8028:978-1-5381-2043-9 7974:978-1-57958-354-5 7947:978-0-19-518111-1 7786:978-1-5381-2043-9 7558:978-1-84217-132-5 7514:Sullivan, Helen. 7489:almashriq.hiof.no 7445:978-0-8122-3557-9 7389:978-0-19-517610-0 7340:978-0-7864-2248-7 7014:978-1-57607-919-5 6777:(2024 ed.). 6576:978-0-19-094020-1 6487:, former head of 6433: 6327:have participated 6252:2009 European Cup 6182:Mediterranean Sea 5993:cinema of Lebanon 5859:Moustafa Farroukh 5800:Temple of Bacchus 5728:Health in Lebanon 5624:Lebanese citizens 5327: 5326: 5319:North Governorate 4869:Mediterranean Sea 4460:French Civil Code 4351:), and hosted an 4314:Foreign relations 4272:South Governorate 4226:North Governorate 4109:Beqaa Governorate 4080:Akkar Governorate 4055:Temple of Jupiter 3629:Place de l'Étoile 3399:Mediterranean Sea 3389:all of which are 3371:seasonal torrents 3359:Great Rift Valley 3261:Mediterranean Sea 3136:plummeting and a 2849:On 12 July 2006, 2798:March 14 Alliance 2740:Save the Children 2687:Sabra and Shatila 2407:Emir Majid Arslan 2350:League of Nations 2314:Charles de Gaulle 2287:High commissioner 2166:Youssef Bey Karam 2110:) was one of the 2100:متصرفية جبل لبنان 1988:County of Tripoli 1887:Fatimid Caliphate 1824:Islamic Caliphate 1722:Achaemenid Empire 1628:Mediterranean Sea 1567:Bechara El Khoury 1488: 1487: 1480: 1462: 1338:دولة لبنان الكبير 1318:متصرفية جبل لبنان 1263:Epic of Gilgamesh 1255:Middle Bronze Age 1190:Lebanese diaspora 993:Mediterranean Sea 956: 863:33.833°N 35.833°E 843: 842: 689:medium inequality 653:• Per capita 601:• Per capita 222:Foreign languages 186:33.900°N 35.533°E 129: 21490: 21309:Jawaharlal Nehru 21159:NAM News Network 21113: 21112: 21038: 21031: 21024: 21015: 21014: 20880: 20879: 20835: 20834: 20720: 20719: 20399: 20398: 20361: 20354: 20347: 20338: 20337: 20054: 20053: 20044: 19969: 19968: 19959: 19958: 19938: 19931: 19924: 19915: 19914: 19826: 19814: 19806: 19648:Sovereign states 19632: 19625: 19618: 19609: 19608: 19477: 19470: 19463: 19454: 19453: 19438: 19426: 19425: 19386:regions of China 19321:Christmas Island 19311: 19310: 19253: 18993:Sovereign states 18974: 18967: 18960: 18951: 18950: 18834:Modern conflicts 18789: 18630: 18623: 18616: 18607: 18606: 18598:Related articles 18594: 18593: 18570: 18563: 18468: 18467: 18429: 18404: 18403: 18326: 18325: 18302:Southern Lebanon 18255: 18254: 18235:Cedar Revolution 18141: 18134: 18127: 18118: 18117: 18110: 18109: 17941: 17939: 17937: 17908: 17880: 17879: 17877: 17875: 17856: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17845: 17826: 17820: 17819: 17817: 17815: 17800: 17794: 17793: 17791: 17789: 17774: 17768: 17767: 17765: 17763: 17748: 17742: 17741: 17739: 17737: 17722: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17711: 17702:. 4 March 2011. 17692: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17681: 17666: 17660: 17659: 17657: 17655: 17640: 17634: 17633: 17631: 17629: 17614: 17608: 17607: 17605: 17603: 17588: 17582: 17577: 17571: 17559: 17553: 17552: 17550: 17548: 17529: 17523: 17522: 17520: 17518: 17507:The Courier-Mail 17499: 17493: 17492: 17490: 17488: 17479:. Archived from 17468: 17462: 17461: 17459: 17457: 17442: 17436: 17435: 17433: 17431: 17403: 17397: 17396: 17394: 17392: 17377: 17371: 17370: 17342: 17336: 17335: 17313: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17299: 17280: 17270: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17259: 17240: 17234: 17233: 17231: 17229: 17201: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17190: 17184: 17177: 17169: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17158: 17130: 17124: 17123: 17083: 17077: 17076: 17074: 17072: 17052: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17041: 17010: 17004: 16990: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16979: 16954: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16943: 16934:. Archived from 16928:"Called by life" 16924: 16918: 16917: 16915: 16913: 16898:"Prophet Motive" 16893: 16887: 16886: 16884: 16882: 16867: 16861: 16860: 16858: 16856: 16841: 16835: 16821: 16812: 16811: 16809: 16807: 16792: 16786: 16785: 16783: 16781: 16776:on 20 March 2015 16772:. Archived from 16762: 16756: 16755: 16753: 16751: 16736: 16730: 16729: 16728:on 12 June 2013. 16727: 16720: 16712: 16703: 16702: 16700: 16693: 16685: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16671: 16656: 16650: 16649: 16647: 16645: 16630: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16619: 16608:Top Universities 16600: 16594: 16593: 16591: 16589: 16580:. 16 July 2015. 16578:Top Universities 16570: 16564: 16563: 16561: 16559: 16548:Top Universities 16540: 16534: 16533: 16531: 16529: 16518:Top Universities 16510: 16504: 16503: 16501: 16499: 16488:Top Universities 16480: 16474: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16458:Top Universities 16450: 16444: 16443: 16441: 16439: 16424: 16418: 16417: 16415: 16413: 16398: 16392: 16387: 16381: 16380: 16378: 16376: 16361: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16350: 16335: 16329: 16328: 16326: 16324: 16309: 16303: 16302: 16300: 16298: 16289:. Archived from 16279: 16273: 16272: 16270: 16268: 16262: 16255: 16247: 16241: 16240: 16238: 16236: 16216: 16210: 16209: 16207: 16205: 16190: 16184: 16183: 16181: 16179: 16156: 16150: 16149: 16147: 16145: 16130: 16124: 16123: 16121: 16119: 16110:. 24 June 2010. 16100: 16094: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16070: 16064: 16063: 16061: 16059: 16031: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16017: 15977: 15971: 15970: 15950: 15944: 15943: 15923: 15917: 15916: 15914: 15912: 15889: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15846: 15840: 15839: 15837: 15835: 15816: 15810: 15809: 15807: 15805: 15784: 15778: 15760: 15754: 15736: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15682: 15676: 15675: 15673: 15671: 15652: 15646: 15645: 15626: 15620: 15619: 15617: 15615: 15596: 15583: 15582: 15561: 15555: 15554: 15549:. Archived from 15543: 15537: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15527:. ICRC and Ipsos 15526: 15518: 15512: 15511: 15509: 15507: 15498:. Archived from 15487: 15481: 15480: 15478: 15476: 15467:. 23 June 2020. 15457: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15427: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15416: 15397: 15391: 15389: 15387: 15385: 15370: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15359: 15340: 15334: 15333: 15331: 15329: 15309: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15298: 15289:. Archived from 15283: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15272: 15257: 15251: 15250: 15248: 15246: 15240: 15234:. Archived from 15233: 15227:Price, Charles. 15224: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15213: 15204:. Archived from 15200:Schwarz, Naomi. 15197: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15171: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15141: 15135: 15134: 15132: 15130: 15121:. 12 July 2017. 15111: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15100: 15085: 15079: 15078: 15076: 15074: 15068: 15061: 15053: 15040: 15039: 15037: 15035: 15007: 15001: 14998: 14993: 14991: 14985: 14974: 14963: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14952: 14936: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14925: 14915: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14898: 14896: 14881: 14875: 14874: 14872: 14870: 14855: 14849: 14848: 14846: 14844: 14835:. Archived from 14824: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14813: 14794: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14783: 14768: 14762: 14761: 14759: 14757: 14733: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14707: 14701: 14700: 14698: 14696: 14677: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14663: 14648: 14642: 14641: 14639: 14637: 14622: 14616: 14615: 14613: 14611: 14595: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14584: 14579:on 25 March 2009 14578: 14571: 14563: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14552: 14546: 14539: 14531: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14497: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14486: 14471: 14465: 14464: 14462: 14460: 14454: 14448:. Archived from 14447: 14439: 14433: 14432: 14414: 14408: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14371: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14340: 14334: 14333: 14331: 14329: 14324:on 14 April 2021 14320:. Archived from 14310: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14284: 14278: 14277: 14271: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14239: 14233: 14232: 14230: 14228: 14217:INSEAD Knowledge 14209: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14198: 14179: 14173: 14172: 14166: 14162: 14160: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14112: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14101: 14084:Cwerman, Ralph. 14081: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14070: 14051: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14014: 13999: 13993: 13992: 13990: 13988: 13983:on 10 April 2011 13969: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13958: 13939: 13933: 13932: 13930: 13928: 13919:. 15 June 2021. 13909: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13898: 13883: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13872: 13853: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13842: 13815: 13802: 13801: 13795: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13767: 13761: 13760: 13758: 13756: 13737: 13731: 13730: 13728: 13726: 13711: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13695:on 25 March 2009 13694: 13687: 13679: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13653: 13647: 13640: 13631: 13630: 13628: 13626: 13599: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13561: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13520: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13489:. 31 July 2023. 13479: 13473: 13472: 13470: 13468: 13459:. Archived from 13453: 13447: 13446: 13444: 13442: 13427: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13411: 13392: 13386: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13365: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13354: 13339: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13328: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13298: 13279: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13248: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13200: 13194:. Archived from 13193: 13184: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13173: 13157: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13141: 13135: 13128: 13120: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13109: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13076: 13060: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13044:on 8 August 2004 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13004: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12993: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12935: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12921: 12915: 12908: 12900: 12894: 12893: 12891: 12889: 12884:on 20 April 2021 12874: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12863: 12844: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12786: 12780: 12768: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12757: 12738: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12696: 12681: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12670: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12630: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12611: 12595: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12569: 12560: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12502: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12482:. Archived from 12475: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12459:on 22 March 2009 12449: 12440: 12439: 12421: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12391: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12353: 12347: 12346: 12344: 12342: 12322: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12266: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12236: 12230: 12229: 12227: 12225: 12220:on 11 April 2016 12216:. Archived from 12210: 12208: 12206: 12187: 12181: 12178: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12148: 12142: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12089: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12052: 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11982: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11926: 11917: 11916: 11906: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11831: 11825: 11814: 11808: 11801: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11790: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11743: 11737: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11697: 11682: 11676: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11645: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11616:. Archived from 11605: 11599: 11598: 11580: 11567: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11534: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11523: 11504: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11347: 11341: 11340: 11328: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11241: 11235: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11211: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11200: 11180: 11174: 11173: 11171: 11169: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11102:on 11 March 2021 11098:. Archived from 11088: 11082: 11081: 11079: 11077: 11058: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11047: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 10998: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10987: 10978:. 19 July 2020. 10968: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10954: 10945:. 16 July 2020. 10935: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10900: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10889: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10814: 10808: 10807: 10801: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10780:. Archived from 10769: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10734: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10704: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10663: 10644: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10611: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10523: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10417: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10376: 10366: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10289: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10237: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10127:. Archived from 10114: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10083: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10011: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9958:. Archived from 9947: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9725: 9719: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9685: 9683: 9674:. Archived from 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9632: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9586:. Archived from 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9524: 9518: 9517: 9511: 9509: 9489: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9428: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9376:Mehr News Agency 9368: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9239: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9214:. 31 July 2006. 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9124: 9118: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9040: 9034: 9028: 9022: 9019: 9013: 9012: 8992: 8986: 8983: 8977: 8972:Jillian Becker, 8970: 8964: 8963: 8935: 8929: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8913: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8889: 8883: 8882: 8871: 8860: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8800: 8794: 8778: 8772: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8706: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8588: 8582: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8500:. Archived from 8486: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8286:. Hoover Press. 8279: 8273: 8272: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8069:Renaissance Emir 8064: 8058: 8057: 8044:Renaissance Emir 8039: 8033: 8032: 8014: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7933: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7809: 7800: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7772: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7660: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7611: 7609: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7403:Ross, Kelley L. 7400: 7394: 7393: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7294: 7288: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7174: 7163: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7112: 7096: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7067: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7000: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6934: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6871: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6807: 6794: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6741: 6733: 6724: 6721: 6716: 6714: 6708: 6697: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6672: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6533: 6508: 6479:, Columnist and 6469: 6457: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6432:romanized: 6431: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6407: 6401: 6390: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6176:Lebanon has six 6158:Sport in Lebanon 6088:Lebanese cuisine 6001:media of Lebanon 5987:Media and cinema 5936:Music of Lebanon 5924:Georges Schéhadé 5903:Arab nationalism 5857:In visual arts, 5812: 5809: 5664:13th worldwide. 5593:Levantine Arabic 5531:Southern Lebanon 5519:Northern Lebanon 5343:Islam in Lebanon 5093: 5083: 5040: 5030: 4978: 4966: 4965: 4911:(roughly 30,000 4800:Japanese cuisine 4255:Miniyeh-Danniyeh 3846: 3845: 3838: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3797: 3687:politically free 3676:Eastern Orthodox 3627:building at the 3548:Chinook Sciences 3347:Qurnat as Sawda' 3304:Lebanon mountain 3200:financial crisis 3006:, the number of 2988:Syrian civil war 2977:Hassan Nasrallah 2973:March 8 Alliance 2871:2006 Lebanon War 2867:southern Lebanon 2811:Cedar Revolution 2806:March 8 Alliance 2659: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2621:At Tiri incident 2587:Map showing the 2558:Operation Litani 2233:Treaty of Sèvres 2162:Al Ali Alsagheer 2101: 1960:launched by the 1944:to the Egyptian 1826:. In the era of 1689:one thereafter. 1671:Solomon's Temple 1492:Treaty of Sèvres 1483: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1420: 1396: 1388: 1373: 1366: 1345: 1339: 1319: 1292: 1291: 1273:Ancient Egyptian 1244: 1220:, among others. 1215: 1182:Lebanese culture 1113:in 1940, during 1038:, including the 1032:Byzantine Empire 970: 965: 961: 951: 949: 938: 933: 932: 931: 930: 923: 920: 919: 916: 913: 908: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 874: 873: 871: 870: 869: 864: 860: 857: 856: 855: 852: 836: 835: 773: 749: 716: 715: 709: 708: 702: 691: 690: 684: 683: 677: 661: 660: 642: 641: 625: 609: 608: 590: 589: 573: 439:22 November 1943 416:1 September 1920 212:Local vernacular 197: 196: 194: 193: 192: 187: 183: 180: 179: 178: 175: 160:and largest city 153: 141: 131: 130: 113: 105: 104: 102: 82: 70: 69: 62: 54: 53: 43: 42: 21498: 21497: 21493: 21492: 21491: 21489: 21488: 21487: 21403: 21402: 21401: 21396: 21395: 21390: 21379: 21338: 21289:Josip Broz Tito 21277: 21189: 21173: 21127: 21104: 21047: 21042: 21012: 21007: 20996: 20939: 20867: 20818: 20787: 20785: 20778: 20767: 20765: 20758: 20744:Northern Cyprus 20727: 20726:and territories 20725: 20711: 20695: 20388: 20371: 20365: 20335: 20330: 20305: 20262: 20227: 20211: 20175: 20045: 20036: 19975: 19947: 19942: 19912: 19907: 19893:Sea of Sardinia 19829: 19824: 19812: 19800: 19783: 19774:Northern Cyprus 19760: 19642: 19636: 19606: 19601: 19565: 19487: 19481: 19451: 19446: 19419: 19404: 19388: 19385: 19373: 19346: 19330: 19307: 19304: 19296: 19277:Northern Cyprus 19265: 19262: 19254: 19245: 18987: 18978: 18948: 18943: 18895: 18855: 18790: 18781: 18706:Northern Cyprus 18678:Iraqi Kurdistan 18639: 18634: 18599: 18591: 18586: 18573: 18566: 18559: 18546: 18522:Public holidays 18453: 18427: 18389: 18311: 18244: 18178:Hellenistic era 18154: 18145: 18107: 18070:Wayback Machine 18053: 18033:Salibi, Kamal. 18000:Hitti Philip K. 17948: 17935: 17933: 17926: 17905: 17889: 17884: 17883: 17873: 17871: 17858: 17857: 17853: 17843: 17841: 17828: 17827: 17823: 17813: 17811: 17802: 17801: 17797: 17787: 17785: 17776: 17775: 17771: 17761: 17759: 17750: 17749: 17745: 17735: 17733: 17724: 17723: 17719: 17709: 17707: 17694: 17693: 17689: 17679: 17677: 17668: 17667: 17663: 17653: 17651: 17642: 17641: 17637: 17627: 17625: 17616: 17615: 17611: 17601: 17599: 17590: 17589: 17585: 17578: 17574: 17569:Wayback Machine 17560: 17556: 17546: 17544: 17531: 17530: 17526: 17516: 17514: 17501: 17500: 17496: 17486: 17484: 17477:The Independent 17469: 17465: 17455: 17453: 17444: 17443: 17439: 17429: 17427: 17420: 17404: 17400: 17390: 17388: 17387:on 22 July 2011 17379: 17378: 17374: 17367: 17343: 17339: 17332: 17314: 17307: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17271: 17267: 17257: 17255: 17242: 17241: 17237: 17227: 17225: 17218: 17202: 17198: 17188: 17186: 17182: 17175: 17171: 17170: 17166: 17156: 17154: 17147: 17131: 17127: 17084: 17080: 17070: 17068: 17053: 17049: 17039: 17037: 17035: 17011: 17007: 16991: 16987: 16977: 16975: 16973: 16955: 16951: 16941: 16939: 16926: 16925: 16921: 16911: 16909: 16894: 16890: 16880: 16878: 16869: 16868: 16864: 16854: 16852: 16851:on 7 March 2012 16843: 16842: 16838: 16823:Stokes, Jamie. 16822: 16815: 16805: 16803: 16793: 16789: 16779: 16777: 16764: 16763: 16759: 16749: 16747: 16738: 16737: 16733: 16725: 16718: 16714: 16713: 16706: 16698: 16691: 16687: 16686: 16679: 16669: 16667: 16666:on 7 March 2013 16658: 16657: 16653: 16643: 16641: 16632: 16631: 16627: 16617: 16615: 16602: 16601: 16597: 16587: 16585: 16572: 16571: 16567: 16557: 16555: 16542: 16541: 16537: 16527: 16525: 16512: 16511: 16507: 16497: 16495: 16482: 16481: 16477: 16467: 16465: 16452: 16451: 16447: 16437: 16435: 16434:on 18 June 2008 16426: 16425: 16421: 16411: 16409: 16400: 16399: 16395: 16388: 16384: 16374: 16372: 16363: 16362: 16358: 16348: 16346: 16337: 16336: 16332: 16322: 16320: 16311: 16310: 16306: 16296: 16294: 16281: 16280: 16276: 16266: 16264: 16260: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16244: 16234: 16232: 16217: 16213: 16203: 16201: 16191: 16187: 16177: 16175: 16173: 16157: 16153: 16143: 16141: 16132: 16131: 16127: 16117: 16115: 16102: 16101: 16097: 16087: 16085: 16072: 16071: 16067: 16057: 16055: 16048: 16032: 16025: 16015: 16013: 15978: 15974: 15967: 15951: 15947: 15940: 15924: 15920: 15910: 15908: 15890: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15848: 15847: 15843: 15833: 15831: 15818: 15817: 15813: 15803: 15801: 15786: 15785: 15781: 15770:Wayback Machine 15761: 15757: 15746:Wayback Machine 15737: 15733: 15723: 15721: 15712: 15711: 15707: 15697: 15683: 15679: 15669: 15667: 15654: 15653: 15649: 15642: 15628: 15627: 15623: 15613: 15611: 15598: 15597: 15586: 15576: 15562: 15558: 15545: 15544: 15540: 15530: 15528: 15524: 15520: 15519: 15515: 15505: 15503: 15502:on 14 July 2015 15488: 15484: 15474: 15472: 15459: 15458: 15454: 15444: 15442: 15429: 15428: 15424: 15414: 15412: 15399: 15398: 15394: 15383: 15381: 15372: 15371: 15367: 15357: 15355: 15342: 15341: 15337: 15327: 15325: 15310: 15306: 15296: 15294: 15285: 15284: 15280: 15270: 15268: 15259: 15258: 15254: 15244: 15242: 15241:on 19 July 2011 15238: 15231: 15225: 15221: 15211: 15209: 15198: 15194: 15184: 15182: 15173: 15172: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15143: 15142: 15138: 15128: 15126: 15113: 15112: 15108: 15098: 15096: 15087: 15086: 15082: 15072: 15070: 15066: 15059: 15055: 15054: 15043: 15033: 15031: 15024: 15008: 15004: 14989: 14987: 14983: 14972: 14964: 14960: 14950: 14948: 14937: 14933: 14923: 14921: 14913: 14909: 14908: 14904: 14894: 14892: 14883: 14882: 14878: 14868: 14866: 14857: 14856: 14852: 14842: 14840: 14839:on 16 July 2011 14825: 14821: 14811: 14809: 14796: 14795: 14791: 14781: 14779: 14770: 14769: 14765: 14755: 14753: 14734: 14730: 14720: 14718: 14709: 14708: 14704: 14694: 14692: 14679: 14678: 14671: 14661: 14659: 14650: 14649: 14645: 14635: 14633: 14624: 14623: 14619: 14609: 14607: 14596: 14592: 14582: 14580: 14576: 14569: 14565: 14564: 14560: 14550: 14548: 14544: 14537: 14533: 14532: 14525: 14515: 14513: 14498: 14494: 14484: 14482: 14481:on 25 July 2011 14473: 14472: 14468: 14458: 14456: 14455:on 14 June 2007 14452: 14445: 14441: 14440: 14436: 14429: 14415: 14411: 14402: 14398: 14388: 14386: 14373: 14372: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14341: 14337: 14327: 14325: 14312: 14311: 14307: 14297: 14295: 14286: 14285: 14281: 14265: 14264: 14257: 14255: 14240: 14236: 14226: 14224: 14211: 14210: 14206: 14196: 14194: 14181: 14180: 14176: 14164: 14163: 14154: 14153: 14146: 14144: 14137: 14113: 14109: 14099: 14097: 14090:Washington Post 14082: 14078: 14068: 14066: 14053: 14052: 14048: 14038: 14036: 14027: 14026: 14022: 14012: 14010: 14001: 14000: 13996: 13986: 13984: 13971: 13970: 13966: 13956: 13954: 13941: 13940: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13911: 13910: 13906: 13896: 13894: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13870: 13868: 13855: 13854: 13850: 13840: 13838: 13825:. 28 May 2020. 13817: 13816: 13805: 13789: 13788: 13782: 13780: 13768: 13764: 13754: 13752: 13739: 13738: 13734: 13724: 13722: 13721:on 11 June 2008 13713: 13712: 13708: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13685: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13655: 13654: 13650: 13641: 13634: 13624: 13622: 13601: 13600: 13596: 13586: 13584: 13563: 13562: 13555: 13545: 13543: 13522: 13521: 13514: 13504: 13502: 13481: 13480: 13476: 13466: 13464: 13463:on 21 July 2011 13455: 13454: 13450: 13440: 13438: 13429: 13428: 13419: 13409: 13407: 13394: 13393: 13389: 13380: 13378: 13367: 13366: 13362: 13352: 13350: 13341: 13340: 13336: 13326: 13324: 13311: 13310: 13306: 13296: 13294: 13281: 13280: 13276: 13266: 13264: 13249: 13245: 13235: 13233: 13218: 13214: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13191: 13187:Chibli Mallat. 13185: 13181: 13171: 13169: 13158: 13149: 13139: 13137: 13133: 13126: 13122: 13121: 13117: 13107: 13105: 13088: 13084: 13074: 13072: 13061: 13057: 13047: 13045: 13036: 13035: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13006: 13005: 13001: 12991: 12989: 12968: 12967: 12963: 12953: 12951: 12936: 12929: 12919: 12917: 12913: 12906: 12902: 12901: 12897: 12887: 12885: 12876: 12875: 12871: 12861: 12859: 12854:. 17 May 2022. 12846: 12845: 12841: 12831: 12829: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12788: 12787: 12783: 12777:Wayback Machine 12769: 12765: 12755: 12753: 12740: 12739: 12735: 12725: 12723: 12708: 12704: 12694: 12692: 12691:on 18 July 2011 12683: 12682: 12678: 12668: 12666: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12642: 12640: 12623: 12619: 12609: 12607: 12596: 12592: 12582: 12580: 12571: 12570: 12563: 12546: 12542: 12519:10.2307/2009820 12503: 12499: 12489: 12487: 12486:on 13 June 2011 12476: 12472: 12462: 12460: 12451: 12450: 12443: 12436: 12422: 12415: 12405: 12403: 12392: 12388: 12378: 12376: 12355: 12354: 12350: 12340: 12338: 12323: 12319: 12309: 12307: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12279: 12277: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12253: 12251: 12238: 12237: 12233: 12223: 12221: 12204: 12202: 12189: 12188: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12165: 12163: 12150: 12149: 12145: 12139:Wayback Machine 12129:Wayback Machine 12119:Wayback Machine 12109:Wayback Machine 12101: 12097: 12087: 12085: 12070: 12066: 12013: 12009: 11999: 11997: 11984: 11983: 11979: 11969: 11967: 11958: 11957: 11953: 11943: 11941: 11928: 11927: 11920: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11832: 11828: 11824:. 615: 415–417. 11815: 11811: 11807:. 615: 411–414. 11802: 11798: 11788: 11786: 11785:on 12 June 2010 11775: 11771: 11761: 11759: 11744: 11740: 11735: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11710: 11709: 11705: 11695: 11693: 11684: 11683: 11679: 11663: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11643: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11602: 11595: 11581: 11570: 11565: 11561: 11551: 11549: 11544:. 3 July 2023. 11536: 11535: 11531: 11521: 11519: 11506: 11505: 11498: 11488: 11486: 11471: 11467: 11457: 11455: 11442: 11441: 11437: 11427: 11425: 11410: 11406: 11396: 11394: 11379: 11375: 11365: 11363: 11348: 11344: 11329: 11325: 11315: 11313: 11300: 11299: 11295: 11285: 11283: 11270: 11269: 11265: 11256: 11254: 11243: 11242: 11238: 11228: 11226: 11213: 11212: 11208: 11198: 11196: 11181: 11177: 11167: 11165: 11152: 11151: 11147: 11137: 11135: 11120: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11090: 11089: 11085: 11075: 11073: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11045: 11043: 11030: 11029: 11025: 11015: 11013: 11000: 10999: 10995: 10985: 10983: 10970: 10969: 10962: 10952: 10950: 10937: 10936: 10929: 10919: 10917: 10902: 10901: 10897: 10887: 10885: 10872: 10871: 10867: 10857: 10855: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10827: 10825: 10816: 10815: 10811: 10795: 10794: 10787: 10785: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10735: 10731: 10721: 10719: 10706: 10705: 10701: 10691: 10689: 10676: 10675: 10671: 10661: 10659: 10646: 10645: 10638: 10628: 10626: 10613: 10612: 10608: 10598: 10596: 10583: 10582: 10578: 10568: 10566: 10551: 10550: 10546: 10536: 10534: 10525: 10524: 10520: 10510: 10508: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10469:Washington Post 10461: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10436: 10435: 10431: 10394: 10390: 10343: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10291: 10290: 10283: 10273: 10271: 10256: 10252: 10239: 10238: 10234: 10224: 10222: 10209: 10208: 10204: 10194: 10192: 10174: 10170: 10160: 10158: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10134: 10132: 10131:on 5 March 2009 10115: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10084: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10052: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10023: 10022: 10018: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9962:on 28 June 2011 9948: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9892: 9891: 9887: 9877: 9875: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9793: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9752: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9727: 9726: 9722: 9716: S/2005/662 9699: 9695: 9681: 9679: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9633: 9629: 9619: 9617: 9608: 9607: 9603: 9593: 9591: 9590:on 26 July 2008 9582: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9537: 9535: 9526: 9525: 9521: 9507: 9505: 9490: 9486: 9476: 9474: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9443: 9438:. 24 May 2019. 9430: 9429: 9425: 9415: 9413: 9406:Office Holidays 9400: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9370: 9369: 9365: 9355: 9353: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9318:. 5 June 1997. 9310: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9241: 9240: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9182: 9178: 9168: 9166: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9125: 9121: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9079: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9029: 9025: 9020: 9016: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8971: 8967: 8952: 8936: 8932: 8927: 8923: 8907: 8906: 8900: 8898: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8873: 8872: 8863: 8856: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8817: 8801: 8797: 8788:Wayback Machine 8779: 8775: 8769:Wayback Machine 8760: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8708: 8707: 8700: 8692: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8607: 8603: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8554: 8550: 8535: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8473: 8471: 8470:on 29 June 2006 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8433: 8429: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8404: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8363: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8280: 8276: 8269: 8255: 8251: 8240: 8236: 8229: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8164: 8160: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8065: 8061: 8054: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8015: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7975: 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Oxbow Books. 7543: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7397: 7390: 7376: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7341: 7325: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7282: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7098: 7097: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7069: 7068: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7001: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6964: 6960: 6951: 6949: 6936: 6935: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6850: 6848: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6809: 6808: 6797: 6783: 6781: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6727: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6670: 6668: 6617: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6561: 6557: 6547: 6545: 6534: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6511: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6447: 6443: 6425: 6421: 6408: 6404: 6391: 6387: 6382: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6210:Beirut Marathon 6160: 6154: 6090: 6084: 6035:Julian calendar 6019: 6013: 5997:Egyptian cinema 5989: 5960:Majida El Roumi 5938: 5932: 5920:Hanan al-Shaykh 5879:In literature, 5877: 5855: 5847:Lebanese Arabic 5810: 5793: 5787: 5771: 5730: 5724: 5650: 5644: 5589:Lebanese Arabic 5585:French language 5581: 5575: 5567:Druze residents 5523:Shi'a residents 5515:Sunni residents 5357: 5339: 5333: 5328: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5041: 5035: 5031: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4959:armed conflicts 4952:Syrian refugees 4938:, 100,000 from 4895:Lebanese people 4867:located on the 4820: 4818:Lebanese people 4814: 4808: 4773: 4756: 4693: 4648: 4605: 4574: 4549:economic crisis 4517: 4511: 4491: 4485: 4433: 4422: 4416:behind Israel. 4383: 4377: 4322: 4316: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3843: 3780: 3768:Main articles: 3766: 3640:confessionalism 3617: 3609:Main articles: 3607: 3443: 3435:Main articles: 3433: 3417: 3411: 3343:above sea level 3294:mountain ranges 3243:and longitudes 3218: 3212: 3180:Future Movement 3172:Lebanese Forces 3087:economic crisis 3043: 3035:Main articles: 3033: 3008:Syrian refugees 2933:Michel Suleiman 2911:On 9 May 2008, 2847: 2835:Main articles: 2833: 2714:suicide attacks 2661: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2636: 2499: 2487:Main articles: 2485: 2458:an insurrection 2454:Camille Chamoun 2422:Camille Chamoun 2346: 2337:Rashayya prison 2318:Georges Catroux 2264: 2240:Greater Lebanon 2219:proclaimed the 2190:First World War 2186: 2173:First World War 2154:Greater Lebanon 2053:Fakhr al-Din II 2023: 2009: 1942:Fall of Tripoli 1836:Syriac language 1816: 1808:Sasanian Empire 1726:Cyrus the Great 1708:in present-day 1700:in present-day 1582: 1576: 1484: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1421: 1419: 1409: 1397: 1386: 1380: 1330:Greater Lebanon 1226: 1160:, coupled with 1107:Greater Lebanon 1056:Crusader states 963: 936: 926: 925: 910: 883: 879: 867: 865: 861: 858: 853: 850: 848: 846: 845: 839: 768: 765: 744: 713: 712: 711: 700: 688: 687: 686: 675: 654: 635: 623: 602: 583: 567: 555: 544:5,296,814 ( 541: 524: 510: 489: 476: 463: 453:24 October 1945 450: 436: 426: 413: 411:Greater Lebanon 400: 390:1 December 1843 387: 374: 336: 321: 304: 289:confessionalism 261: 237: 216:Lebanese Arabic 190: 188: 184: 181: 176: 173: 171: 169: 168: 167: 161: 144: 132: 118: 114: 106: 89: 84: 83: 71: 64: 63: 56: 48: 41: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21496: 21486: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21398: 21397: 21392: 21391: 21388: 21385: 21384: 21381: 21380: 21378: 21377: 21372: 21370:Nicolás Maduro 21367: 21362: 21360:Nelson Mandela 21357: 21352: 21346: 21344: 21340: 21339: 21337: 21336: 21326: 21316: 21306: 21296: 21285: 21283: 21279: 21278: 21276: 21275: 21270: 21265: 21260: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21208:Brioni Meeting 21205: 21199: 21197: 21191: 21190: 21188: 21187: 21181: 21179: 21175: 21174: 21172: 21171: 21166: 21156: 21151: 21146: 21141: 21135: 21133: 21129: 21128: 21126: 21125: 21119: 21117: 21110: 21106: 21105: 21103: 21102: 21096: 21091: 21086: 21080: 21075: 21070: 21065: 21058: 21056: 21049: 21048: 21041: 21040: 21033: 21026: 21018: 21009: 21008: 21006: 21005: 21001: 20998: 20997: 20995: 20994: 20989: 20987:Largest cities 20984: 20979: 20978: 20977: 20972: 20967: 20965:GDP per capita 20962: 20951: 20949: 20945: 20944: 20941: 20940: 20938: 20937: 20932: 20927: 20922: 20917: 20912: 20907: 20902: 20897: 20892: 20886: 20884: 20877: 20873: 20872: 20869: 20868: 20866: 20865: 20859: 20853: 20847: 20841: 20839: 20832: 20828: 20827: 20824: 20823: 20820: 20819: 20817: 20816: 20814:United Nations 20811: 20806: 20801: 20796: 20790: 20788: 20783: 20780: 20779: 20777: 20776: 20770: 20768: 20763: 20760: 20759: 20757: 20756: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20736: 20730: 20728: 20723: 20717: 20713: 20712: 20710: 20709: 20703: 20701: 20697: 20696: 20694: 20693: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20673: 20668: 20663: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20643: 20638: 20633: 20628: 20623: 20618: 20613: 20608: 20607: 20606: 20596: 20591: 20586: 20581: 20576: 20571: 20566: 20561: 20556: 20551: 20546: 20541: 20536: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20516: 20511: 20506: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20456: 20451: 20446: 20441: 20436: 20431: 20426: 20421: 20416: 20411: 20405: 20403: 20396: 20390: 20389: 20387: 20386: 20376: 20373: 20372: 20364: 20363: 20356: 20349: 20341: 20332: 20331: 20329: 20328: 20327: 20326: 20324:Pan Arab Games 20316: 20310: 20307: 20306: 20304: 20303: 20298: 20293: 20292: 20291: 20286: 20276: 20270: 20268: 20264: 20263: 20261: 20260: 20255: 20250: 20245: 20239: 20237: 20233: 20232: 20229: 20228: 20226: 20225: 20219: 20217: 20213: 20212: 20210: 20209: 20204: 20199: 20194: 20189: 20183: 20181: 20177: 20176: 20174: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20062: 20060: 20051: 20047: 20046: 20039: 20037: 20035: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19985: 19983: 19977: 19976: 19974: 19973: 19963: 19952: 19949: 19948: 19941: 19940: 19933: 19926: 19918: 19909: 19908: 19906: 19905: 19903:Tyrrhenian Sea 19900: 19895: 19890: 19888:Sea of Marmara 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 19860: 19855: 19850: 19845: 19839: 19837: 19831: 19830: 19828: 19827: 19815: 19807: 19794: 19792: 19785: 19784: 19782: 19781: 19776: 19770: 19768: 19762: 19761: 19759: 19758: 19753: 19748: 19743: 19738: 19733: 19728: 19723: 19718: 19713: 19708: 19703: 19698: 19693: 19688: 19683: 19678: 19673: 19668: 19663: 19658: 19652: 19650: 19644: 19643: 19635: 19634: 19627: 19620: 19612: 19603: 19602: 19600: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19573: 19571: 19567: 19566: 19564: 19563: 19558: 19553: 19548: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19503: 19497: 19495: 19489: 19488: 19480: 19479: 19472: 19465: 19457: 19448: 19447: 19445: 19444: 19432: 19418: 19417: 19414: 19410: 19409: 19406: 19405: 19403: 19402: 19397: 19391: 19389: 19382: 19379: 19378: 19375: 19374: 19372: 19371: 19361: 19354: 19352: 19351:United Kingdom 19348: 19347: 19345: 19344: 19338: 19336: 19332: 19331: 19329: 19328: 19323: 19317: 19315: 19308: 19301: 19298: 19297: 19295: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19268: 19266: 19259: 19256: 19255: 19248: 19246: 19244: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18997: 18995: 18989: 18988: 18977: 18976: 18969: 18962: 18954: 18945: 18944: 18942: 18941: 18936: 18935: 18934: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18903: 18901: 18897: 18896: 18894: 18893: 18892: 18891: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18865: 18863: 18857: 18856: 18854: 18853: 18851:Water conflict 18848: 18846:Water politics 18843: 18838: 18837: 18836: 18831: 18821: 18820: 18819: 18809: 18804: 18802:Climate change 18798: 18796: 18792: 18791: 18784: 18782: 18780: 18779: 18774: 18769: 18764: 18763: 18762: 18757: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18736: 18735: 18728: 18714: 18709: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18681: 18680: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18649: 18647: 18641: 18640: 18633: 18632: 18625: 18618: 18610: 18604: 18601: 18600: 18588: 18587: 18585: 18584: 18579: 18572: 18571: 18564: 18556: 18555: 18552: 18551: 18548: 18547: 18545: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18493: 18492: 18482: 18477: 18471: 18465: 18459: 18458: 18455: 18454: 18452: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18431: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18407: 18401: 18395: 18394: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18387: 18382: 18380:Prime Minister 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18361: 18360: 18355: 18345: 18340: 18335: 18329: 18323: 18317: 18316: 18313: 18312: 18310: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18258: 18252: 18246: 18245: 18243: 18242: 18237: 18232: 18227: 18225:French mandate 18222: 18221: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18203:Ottoman Empire 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18164: 18162: 18156: 18155: 18144: 18143: 18136: 18129: 18121: 18115: 18114: 18103: 18102: 18092: 18083: 18060: 18052: 18051:External links 18049: 18048: 18047: 18041: 18038: 18031: 18024: 18021: 18014: 17997: 17990: 17980:Glass, Charles 17977: 17972:Fisk, Robert. 17970: 17963: 17947: 17944: 17943: 17942: 17924: 17909: 17903: 17888: 17885: 17882: 17881: 17851: 17821: 17795: 17769: 17743: 17728:. goalzz.com. 17717: 17687: 17661: 17635: 17624:on 29 May 2013 17609: 17583: 17572: 17554: 17537:The Daily Star 17524: 17494: 17463: 17437: 17418: 17398: 17372: 17365: 17337: 17330: 17305: 17291: 17265: 17235: 17216: 17196: 17164: 17145: 17125: 17078: 17055:Houissa, Ali. 17047: 17033: 17005: 16985: 16971: 16949: 16919: 16902:The New Yorker 16888: 16862: 16836: 16813: 16787: 16757: 16731: 16704: 16677: 16651: 16625: 16595: 16565: 16535: 16505: 16475: 16445: 16419: 16408:on 6 July 2006 16393: 16382: 16356: 16330: 16304: 16274: 16242: 16211: 16185: 16171: 16162:Plus ça change 16151: 16125: 16095: 16065: 16046: 16023: 15992:(3): 270–286. 15972: 15965: 15945: 15938: 15918: 15879: 15841: 15820:"WVS Database" 15811: 15793:The Daily Star 15779: 15755: 15731: 15705: 15695: 15677: 15647: 15640: 15621: 15584: 15574: 15556: 15538: 15513: 15482: 15452: 15422: 15392: 15365: 15335: 15304: 15278: 15252: 15219: 15192: 15166: 15136: 15106: 15080: 15041: 15022: 15002: 15000: 14999: 14958: 14931: 14902: 14876: 14850: 14833:The Daily Star 14819: 14789: 14763: 14728: 14702: 14669: 14643: 14617: 14590: 14558: 14523: 14492: 14466: 14434: 14427: 14409: 14396: 14366: 14335: 14305: 14279: 14234: 14204: 14174: 14165:|website= 14135: 14107: 14076: 14046: 14020: 13994: 13964: 13934: 13904: 13878: 13848: 13803: 13762: 13732: 13706: 13674: 13648: 13632: 13609:. 9 May 2020. 13594: 13553: 13512: 13474: 13448: 13433:. Export.gov. 13417: 13387: 13360: 13334: 13304: 13274: 13243: 13212: 13201:on 16 May 2011 13179: 13147: 13115: 13082: 13071:on 23 May 2012 13055: 13029: 12999: 12961: 12927: 12895: 12869: 12839: 12807: 12781: 12763: 12746:The Daily Star 12733: 12702: 12676: 12650: 12617: 12590: 12561: 12540: 12513:(2): 207–225. 12507:World Politics 12497: 12470: 12441: 12434: 12413: 12386: 12348: 12317: 12287: 12261: 12231: 12195:The Daily Star 12182: 12173: 12156:The Daily Star 12143: 12095: 12064: 12027:(6): 534–545. 12007: 11977: 11951: 11934:The Daily Star 11918: 11853: 11842:on 19 May 2012 11826: 11809: 11796: 11769: 11738: 11729: 11703: 11677: 11657: 11631: 11600: 11593: 11568: 11559: 11529: 11496: 11465: 11435: 11404: 11373: 11342: 11323: 11293: 11263: 11236: 11206: 11175: 11145: 11113: 11096:The Daily Star 11083: 11053: 11023: 10993: 10960: 10927: 10909:The Daily Star 10895: 10865: 10835: 10809: 10764: 10747:Bloomberg News 10729: 10699: 10669: 10636: 10606: 10576: 10565:on 9 June 2020 10558:The Daily Star 10544: 10518: 10500:The Daily Star 10486: 10455: 10429: 10408:(4): 464–481. 10388: 10357:(3): 393–419. 10337: 10310: 10281: 10250: 10232: 10202: 10168: 10142: 10124:The Daily Star 10109: 10073: 10046: 10016: 10003: 9973: 9937: 9911: 9885: 9870:. Mfa.gov.il. 9859: 9833: 9803: 9777: 9746: 9720: 9693: 9658: 9627: 9601: 9575: 9545: 9519: 9484: 9453: 9423: 9393: 9363: 9333: 9303: 9264: 9229: 9203: 9176: 9150: 9119: 9098: 9091: 9073: 9035: 9023: 9014: 8987: 8978: 8965: 8950: 8944:. Touchstone. 8930: 8921: 8884: 8861: 8855:978-0415685016 8854: 8834: 8815: 8795: 8773: 8754: 8739:. Al Jazeera. 8727: 8698: 8696:, p. 260. 8686: 8684:, p. 259. 8674: 8672:, p. 524. 8662: 8632: 8621:on 9 July 2008 8601: 8583: 8574: 8548: 8533: 8515: 8481: 8454: 8443:on 13 May 2011 8427: 8413: 8402: 8380: 8361: 8341: 8322: 8302: 8292: 8274: 8267: 8249: 8234: 8227: 8206: 8176: 8166:Hobby (1985). 8158: 8140: 8130: 8112: 8102: 8084: 8077: 8059: 8052: 8034: 8027: 7992: 7973: 7953: 7946: 7921: 7902: 7882: 7863: 7843: 7824: 7801: 7792: 7785: 7762: 7736: 7710: 7680: 7648: 7618: 7596: 7576: 7557: 7537: 7520:The New Yorker 7506: 7476: 7470:978-1107411432 7469: 7451: 7444: 7426: 7395: 7388: 7370: 7368:, p. 177. 7358: 7339: 7319: 7289: 7276: 7244: 7218: 7186: 7150: 7124: 7113:on 30 May 2008 7111:(Governmental) 7088: 7053: 7023: 7013: 6992: 6958: 6920: 6905:. adcidl.com. 6894: 6858: 6832: 6795: 6760: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6681: 6631:(4): 723–744. 6608: 6582: 6575: 6555: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6505:Antoine Ghanim 6497:Pierre Gemayel 6473:Bassel Fleihan 6463: 6462: 6459: 6458: 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5045: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4964: 4843:fertility rate 4810:Main article: 4807: 4804: 4769:Main article: 4755: 4752: 4725:Port of Beirut 4692: 4689: 4678:Edgar Choueiri 4647: 4644: 4626:Lebanon has a 4604: 4601: 4573: 4570: 4513:Main article: 4510: 4507: 4487:Main article: 4484: 4481: 4428: 4421: 4418: 4379:Main article: 4376: 4373: 4318:Main article: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4298: 4288: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4116: 4106: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3974:Baalbek-Hermel 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3765: 3762: 3723:Taif Agreement 3656:Prime Minister 3638:that includes 3606: 3603: 3594:Saad Al-Hariri 3432: 3429: 3413:Main article: 3410: 3407: 3324:Ras al-Naqoura 3227:, a view from 3225:Kadisha Valley 3214:Main article: 3211: 3208: 3196:Lebanese pound 3157:United Nations 3134:Lebanese pound 3110:Raymond Ghajar 3032: 3029: 2929:Doha Agreement 2894:Fatah al-Islam 2832: 2829: 2775:Hafez al-Assad 2771:Liberation Day 2763:Taif Agreement 2683:Bachir Gemayel 2656: 2650: 2644: 2635: 2609:Menachem Begin 2574:Resolution 425 2511:armed campaign 2501:With the 1970 2484: 2481: 2385:Greek Orthodox 2354:United Nations 2345: 2342: 2272:French Mandate 2263: 2260: 2215:In 1920, King 2202:Ottoman Empire 2185: 2184:French Mandate 2182: 2112:Ottoman Empire 2069:last Maan emir 2038:Ottoman Empire 2032:, 17th century 2008: 2005: 2000:Constantinople 1853:Shiite Muslims 1815: 1812: 1753:Roman Republic 1732:following the 1683:Greek alphabet 1578:Main article: 1575: 1572: 1555:crusader state 1486: 1485: 1400: 1398: 1391: 1382:Main article: 1379: 1376: 1225: 1222: 1194:United Nations 868:33.833; 35.833 841: 840: 838: 837: 828: 822: 820: 814: 813: 808: 802: 801: 796: 790: 789: 786: 780: 779: 766: 759: 756: 755: 742: 738: 737: 730:Lebanese pound 727: 723: 722: 703: 693: 692: 678: 668: 667: 655: 652: 649: 648: 636: 633: 630: 629: 626: 616: 615: 610:$ 11,793 ( 603: 600: 597: 596: 584: 581: 578: 577: 574: 560: 559: 556: 554:• Density 553: 550: 549: 542: 539: 536: 535: 529: 528: 525: 522: 519: 518: 511: 508: 505: 504: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 484: 481: 480: 477: 471: 468: 467: 464: 458: 455: 454: 451: 447:French mandate 444: 441: 440: 437: 434: 431: 430: 427: 421: 418: 417: 414: 408: 405: 404: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 382: 379: 378: 375: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 357: 356: 351: 347: 346: 343: 342: 337: 331: 328: 327: 322: 319:Prime Minister 316: 313: 312: 305: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 287:that includes 281: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 260: 259: 253: 247: 240: 238: 235: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 191:33.900; 35.533 162: 159: 155: 154: 146: 145: 142: 134: 133: 116: 91: 90: 85: 77: 76: 73: 72: 49: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21495: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21410: 21408: 21386: 21376: 21373: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21365:Mohamed Morsi 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21347: 21345: 21341: 21334: 21330: 21327: 21324: 21320: 21319:Kwame Nkrumah 21317: 21314: 21310: 21307: 21304: 21300: 21297: 21294: 21290: 21287: 21286: 21284: 21280: 21274: 21271: 21269: 21266: 21264: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21204: 21201: 21200: 21198: 21196: 21192: 21186: 21183: 21182: 21180: 21176: 21170: 21167: 21164: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21137: 21136: 21134: 21132:Organizations 21130: 21124: 21121: 21120: 21118: 21114: 21111: 21107: 21100: 21097: 21095: 21092: 21090: 21087: 21084: 21081: 21079: 21076: 21074: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21063: 21060: 21059: 21057: 21054: 21050: 21046: 21039: 21034: 21032: 21027: 21025: 21020: 21019: 21016: 21003: 21002: 20999: 20993: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20983: 20980: 20976: 20973: 20971: 20968: 20966: 20963: 20961: 20958: 20957: 20956: 20953: 20952: 20950: 20946: 20936: 20933: 20931: 20928: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20888: 20887: 20885: 20883:Extraordinary 20881: 20878: 20874: 20863: 20860: 20857: 20854: 20851: 20848: 20846: 20843: 20842: 20840: 20836: 20833: 20829: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20799:African Union 20797: 20795: 20792: 20791: 20789: 20786:organizations 20784:International 20781: 20775: 20772: 20771: 20769: 20761: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20745: 20742: 20740: 20737: 20735: 20732: 20731: 20729: 20721: 20718: 20714: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20702: 20698: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20674: 20672: 20669: 20667: 20664: 20662: 20659: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20642: 20639: 20637: 20634: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20612: 20609: 20605: 20602: 20601: 20600: 20597: 20595: 20592: 20590: 20587: 20585: 20582: 20580: 20577: 20575: 20572: 20570: 20567: 20565: 20562: 20560: 20557: 20555: 20552: 20550: 20547: 20545: 20542: 20540: 20537: 20535: 20532: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20507: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20494:Guinea-Bissau 20492: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20455: 20452: 20450: 20447: 20445: 20442: 20440: 20437: 20435: 20432: 20430: 20427: 20425: 20422: 20420: 20417: 20415: 20412: 20410: 20407: 20406: 20404: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20394:Member states 20391: 20385: 20381: 20378: 20377: 20374: 20369: 20362: 20357: 20355: 20350: 20348: 20343: 20342: 20339: 20325: 20322: 20321: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20311: 20308: 20302: 20299: 20297: 20294: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20281: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20271: 20269: 20265: 20259: 20256: 20254: 20251: 20249: 20246: 20244: 20241: 20240: 20238: 20234: 20224: 20221: 20220: 20218: 20214: 20208: 20205: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20184: 20182: 20178: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20063: 20061: 20059: 20055: 20052: 20048: 20043: 20033: 20030: 20028: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19986: 19984: 19982: 19978: 19972: 19964: 19962: 19954: 19953: 19950: 19946: 19939: 19934: 19932: 19927: 19925: 19920: 19919: 19916: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19874: 19871: 19869: 19868:Levantine Sea 19866: 19864: 19861: 19859: 19856: 19854: 19851: 19849: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19840: 19838: 19836: 19835:Marginal seas 19832: 19823: 19819: 19816: 19811: 19808: 19804: 19799: 19796: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19786: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19771: 19769: 19767: 19763: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19709: 19707: 19704: 19702: 19699: 19697: 19694: 19692: 19689: 19687: 19684: 19682: 19679: 19677: 19674: 19672: 19669: 19667: 19664: 19662: 19659: 19657: 19654: 19653: 19651: 19649: 19645: 19641: 19633: 19628: 19626: 19621: 19619: 19614: 19613: 19610: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19574: 19572: 19568: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19502: 19499: 19498: 19496: 19494: 19490: 19486: 19485:Arabian Plate 19478: 19473: 19471: 19466: 19464: 19459: 19458: 19455: 19443: 19442: 19437: 19433: 19431: 19430: 19421: 19420: 19415: 19412: 19411: 19407: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19380: 19369: 19365: 19362: 19359: 19356: 19355: 19353: 19349: 19343: 19340: 19339: 19337: 19333: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19318: 19316: 19312: 19309: 19306: 19299: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19287:South Ossetia 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19257: 19252: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18998: 18996: 18994: 18990: 18986: 18982: 18975: 18970: 18968: 18963: 18961: 18956: 18955: 18952: 18940: 18937: 18933: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18904: 18902: 18898: 18890: 18887: 18886: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18869:Ethnic groups 18867: 18866: 18864: 18862: 18858: 18852: 18849: 18847: 18844: 18842: 18839: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18826: 18825: 18822: 18818: 18815: 18814: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18799: 18797: 18793: 18788: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18752: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18734: 18733: 18729: 18727: 18726: 18722: 18721: 18720: 18719: 18715: 18713: 18710: 18708: 18707: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18679: 18676: 18675: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18650: 18648: 18646: 18642: 18638: 18631: 18626: 18624: 18619: 18617: 18612: 18611: 18608: 18602: 18595: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18574: 18569: 18565: 18562: 18558: 18557: 18553: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18486: 18483: 18481: 18478: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18460: 18450: 18449:Drug industry 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18396: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18351: 18350: 18349: 18346: 18344: 18341: 18339: 18336: 18334: 18331: 18330: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18318: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18292:Mount Lebanon 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18259: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18247: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18231: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18205: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18165: 18163: 18161: 18157: 18153: 18149: 18142: 18137: 18135: 18130: 18128: 18123: 18122: 18119: 18113: 18105: 18104: 18100: 18099:Arab Decision 18096: 18093: 18091: 18087: 18084: 18081: 18077: 18076: 18071: 18067: 18064: 18061: 18058: 18055: 18054: 18045: 18042: 18039: 18036: 18032: 18029: 18025: 18022: 18019: 18015: 18012: 18011:1-931956-61-8 18008: 18004: 18001: 17998: 17995: 17991: 17989: 17988:0-436-18130-4 17985: 17981: 17978: 17975: 17971: 17968: 17964: 17962: 17961:2-7053-3739-3 17958: 17954: 17950: 17949: 17931: 17927: 17921: 17917: 17916: 17910: 17906: 17900: 17896: 17891: 17890: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17855: 17839: 17835: 17831: 17825: 17809: 17805: 17799: 17783: 17779: 17773: 17757: 17753: 17747: 17731: 17727: 17721: 17705: 17701: 17697: 17691: 17675: 17671: 17665: 17649: 17645: 17639: 17623: 17619: 17613: 17597: 17593: 17587: 17581: 17576: 17570: 17566: 17563: 17558: 17542: 17538: 17534: 17528: 17512: 17508: 17504: 17498: 17482: 17478: 17474: 17467: 17451: 17447: 17441: 17425: 17421: 17415: 17411: 17410: 17402: 17386: 17382: 17376: 17368: 17362: 17358: 17354: 17353: 17348: 17341: 17333: 17327: 17323: 17319: 17312: 17310: 17294: 17288: 17284: 17279: 17278: 17269: 17253: 17249: 17245: 17239: 17223: 17219: 17213: 17209: 17208: 17200: 17181: 17174: 17168: 17152: 17148: 17142: 17138: 17137: 17129: 17121: 17117: 17113: 17109: 17105: 17101: 17097: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17066: 17062: 17058: 17051: 17036: 17030: 17026: 17022: 17021: 17016: 17009: 17003: 17002:0-205-40242-9 16999: 16995: 16989: 16974: 16968: 16964: 16960: 16953: 16937: 16933: 16929: 16923: 16907: 16903: 16899: 16892: 16876: 16872: 16866: 16850: 16846: 16840: 16834: 16830: 16826: 16820: 16818: 16802: 16798: 16791: 16775: 16771: 16767: 16761: 16745: 16741: 16735: 16724: 16717: 16711: 16709: 16697: 16690: 16684: 16682: 16665: 16661: 16655: 16639: 16635: 16629: 16613: 16609: 16605: 16599: 16583: 16579: 16575: 16569: 16553: 16549: 16545: 16539: 16523: 16519: 16515: 16509: 16493: 16489: 16485: 16479: 16463: 16459: 16455: 16449: 16433: 16429: 16423: 16407: 16403: 16397: 16391: 16386: 16370: 16366: 16360: 16344: 16340: 16334: 16318: 16314: 16308: 16292: 16288: 16284: 16278: 16259: 16252: 16246: 16230: 16226: 16222: 16215: 16200: 16196: 16189: 16174: 16168: 16164: 16163: 16155: 16139: 16136:. France 24. 16135: 16129: 16113: 16109: 16105: 16099: 16083: 16079: 16075: 16069: 16053: 16049: 16043: 16039: 16038: 16030: 16028: 16011: 16007: 16003: 15999: 15995: 15991: 15987: 15983: 15976: 15968: 15962: 15958: 15957: 15949: 15941: 15935: 15931: 15930: 15922: 15907: 15903: 15899: 15895: 15888: 15886: 15884: 15867: 15863: 15859: 15855: 15854:The Economist 15851: 15845: 15829: 15825: 15821: 15815: 15799: 15795: 15794: 15789: 15783: 15776: 15775: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15759: 15752: 15751: 15747: 15743: 15740: 15735: 15719: 15715: 15709: 15702: 15698: 15696:9781135980795 15692: 15688: 15681: 15665: 15661: 15657: 15651: 15643: 15641:9781438774824 15637: 15633: 15632: 15625: 15609: 15605: 15601: 15595: 15593: 15591: 15589: 15581: 15577: 15571: 15567: 15560: 15552: 15548: 15542: 15523: 15517: 15501: 15497: 15493: 15486: 15470: 15466: 15462: 15456: 15440: 15436: 15432: 15426: 15410: 15406: 15402: 15396: 15379: 15375: 15369: 15353: 15349: 15345: 15339: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15308: 15292: 15288: 15282: 15266: 15262: 15256: 15237: 15230: 15223: 15207: 15203: 15196: 15180: 15176: 15170: 15154: 15150: 15146: 15140: 15124: 15120: 15116: 15110: 15094: 15090: 15084: 15065: 15058: 15052: 15050: 15048: 15046: 15029: 15025: 15019: 15015: 15014: 15006: 14997: 14982: 14978: 14971: 14966: 14965: 14962: 14946: 14942: 14935: 14919: 14912: 14906: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14864: 14860: 14854: 14838: 14834: 14830: 14823: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14793: 14777: 14773: 14767: 14751: 14747: 14743: 14739: 14732: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14690: 14686: 14685:The Economist 14682: 14676: 14674: 14657: 14653: 14647: 14631: 14627: 14621: 14605: 14601: 14594: 14575: 14568: 14562: 14543: 14536: 14530: 14528: 14511: 14507: 14503: 14496: 14480: 14476: 14470: 14451: 14444: 14438: 14430: 14428:9781107507180 14424: 14420: 14413: 14406: 14403:Podeh, Elie. 14400: 14384: 14380: 14376: 14370: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14339: 14323: 14319: 14315: 14309: 14293: 14289: 14283: 14275: 14269: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14238: 14222: 14218: 14214: 14208: 14192: 14188: 14184: 14178: 14170: 14158: 14142: 14138: 14132: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14119: 14111: 14095: 14091: 14087: 14080: 14064: 14060: 14056: 14050: 14035:. 5 July 2021 14034: 14030: 14024: 14008: 14004: 13998: 13982: 13978: 13974: 13968: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13938: 13922: 13918: 13914: 13908: 13892: 13888: 13882: 13866: 13862: 13858: 13852: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13824: 13823:The Economist 13820: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13808: 13799: 13793: 13778: 13777: 13772: 13766: 13750: 13746: 13742: 13736: 13720: 13716: 13710: 13691: 13684: 13678: 13662: 13658: 13652: 13645: 13639: 13637: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13608: 13607:The Economist 13604: 13598: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13569:The Economist 13566: 13560: 13558: 13541: 13537: 13533: 13529: 13528:The Economist 13525: 13519: 13517: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13488: 13487:The Economist 13484: 13478: 13462: 13458: 13452: 13436: 13432: 13426: 13424: 13422: 13405: 13401: 13397: 13391: 13376: 13372: 13371: 13364: 13348: 13344: 13338: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13278: 13262: 13258: 13254: 13247: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13216: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13167: 13163: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13132: 13125: 13119: 13103: 13099: 13098: 13093: 13086: 13070: 13066: 13059: 13043: 13039: 13038:"LAF Mission" 13033: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13003: 12987: 12983: 12979: 12975: 12974:The Economist 12971: 12965: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12934: 12932: 12912: 12905: 12899: 12883: 12879: 12873: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12843: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12811: 12795: 12791: 12785: 12778: 12774: 12771: 12767: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12737: 12721: 12717: 12713: 12706: 12690: 12686: 12680: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12638: 12634: 12629: 12621: 12605: 12601: 12594: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12544: 12536: 12532: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12501: 12485: 12481: 12474: 12458: 12454: 12448: 12446: 12437: 12431: 12427: 12420: 12418: 12401: 12397: 12390: 12374: 12370: 12366: 12362: 12361:The Economist 12358: 12352: 12336: 12333:(in Arabic). 12332: 12328: 12321: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12291: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12235: 12219: 12215: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12177: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12130: 12126: 12123: 12120: 12116: 12113: 12110: 12106: 12103: 12099: 12083: 12079: 12075: 12068: 12060: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12011: 11995: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11965: 11961: 11955: 11939: 11935: 11931: 11925: 11923: 11914: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11857: 11841: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11819: 11818:Cedrus libani 11813: 11806: 11800: 11784: 11780: 11773: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11733: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11691: 11687: 11681: 11675: 11674:88-476-1489-9 11671: 11667: 11661: 11642: 11635: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11604: 11596: 11590: 11586: 11579: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11563: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11533: 11517: 11513: 11512:Aljazeera.com 11509: 11503: 11501: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11469: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11439: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11408: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11377: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11346: 11338: 11334: 11327: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11297: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11267: 11252: 11248: 11247: 11240: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11210: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11179: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11133: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11117: 11101: 11097: 11093: 11087: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11057: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11027: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10997: 10981: 10977: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10915: 10911: 10910: 10905: 10899: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10869: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10839: 10823: 10819: 10813: 10805: 10799: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10768: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10743:Bloomberg.com 10740: 10733: 10717: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10641: 10624: 10620: 10616: 10610: 10594: 10590: 10589:aljazeera.com 10586: 10580: 10564: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10548: 10532: 10528: 10522: 10506: 10502: 10501: 10496: 10490: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10459: 10443: 10439: 10433: 10425: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10392: 10384: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10341: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10298: 10294: 10288: 10286: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10254: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10206: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10172: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10130: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10113: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10061: 10057: 10050: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10006: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9889: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9847: 9843: 9837: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9816:The Economist 9813: 9807: 9791: 9787: 9781: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9750: 9734: 9730: 9724: 9717: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9697: 9690: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9631: 9615: 9611: 9605: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9516: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9488: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9457: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9427: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9268: 9252: 9249:(in Arabic). 9248: 9244: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9123: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9094: 9088: 9084: 9077: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9048:The Economist 9045: 9039: 9032: 9027: 9018: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8991: 8982: 8975: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8951:9780671602161 8947: 8943: 8942: 8934: 8925: 8917: 8911: 8896: 8895: 8888: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8838: 8822: 8818: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8799: 8792: 8789: 8785: 8782: 8777: 8770: 8766: 8763: 8758: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8715: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8695: 8690: 8683: 8678: 8671: 8666: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8605: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8578: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8469: 8465: 8458: 8442: 8438: 8431: 8423: 8417: 8410: 8405: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8384: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8306: 8299: 8295: 8293:9780817916664 8289: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8264: 8260: 8253: 8245: 8238: 8230: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8169: 8162: 8155: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8133: 8131:9789652260499 8127: 8123: 8116: 8109: 8105: 8103:9781317931737 8099: 8095: 8088: 8080: 8078:9780704372979 8074: 8070: 8063: 8055: 8053:9780704372979 8049: 8045: 8038: 8030: 8024: 8020: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7966: 7965: 7957: 7949: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7909: 7905: 7903:9781576073353 7899: 7895: 7894: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7864:9780307948922 7860: 7856: 7855: 7847: 7831: 7827: 7825:9780313365799 7821: 7817: 7816: 7808: 7806: 7796: 7788: 7782: 7778: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7750: 7746: 7740: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7668: 7664: 7663:The Telegraph 7659: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7603: 7599: 7597:1-57607-919-8 7593: 7589: 7588: 7580: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7472: 7466: 7462: 7455: 7447: 7441: 7437: 7430: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7385: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7362: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7332: 7331: 7323: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7298:"Arab League" 7293: 7286: 7280: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7248: 7232: 7229:. June 2021. 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7190: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7138: 7134: 7128: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6997: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6962: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6908: 6904: 6898: 6879: 6875: 6868: 6862: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6793: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6764: 6745: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6720: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6678: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6613: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6530: 6525: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6437: 6423: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6356: 6353: 6342: 6335: 6332: 6331:Olympic Games 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6315:AFC Asian Cup 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142:Arabic coffee 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5977: 5973: 5972:Julia Boutros 5969: 5965: 5964:Wadih El Safi 5961: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5907:Mikhail Naimy 5904: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5881:Kahlil Gibran 5872: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5842:Ottoman Turks 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5811: 150 AD 5805: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5769:Mental health 5766: 5764: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5734: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5539:Mount Lebanon 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5443:67.8% (31.9% 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5283:Mount Lebanon 5281: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5248: 5247:Mount Lebanon 5245: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5229:Mount Lebanon 5227: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5145:Mount Lebanon 5143: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4881:Latin America 4878: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4853:and 1.61 for 4852: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4751: 4749: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4674:Rammal Rammal 4671: 4667: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534:laissez-faire 4531: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4499:homosexuality 4496: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4439:French system 4431: 4426: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4387: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4326: 4321: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4119:Western Beqaa 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3953: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3821: 3816: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3738:head of state 3730: 3726: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3683:Freedom House 3679: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3644:National Pact 3641: 3637: 3634:Lebanon is a 3630: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3588:according to 3587: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3565:Bourj Hammoud 3560: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3540:Mount Lebanon 3537: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3495:Cedars of God 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3459: 3452: 3451:Lebanon cedar 3447: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3395:Mount Lebanon 3392: 3391:non-navigable 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3355:Mount Sannine 3352: 3351:North Lebanon 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316:coastal plain 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3300:physiographic 3293: 3289: 3288:Mount Lebanon 3284: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3273:Golan Heights 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253:Arabian Plate 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3165:Michel Aoun's 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2986:In 2012, the 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2902:Fouad Siniora 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886:Nahr al-Bared 2884:In 2007, the 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2825:Mehlis report 2822: 2818: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2767:Qana massacre 2764: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2732:Amine Gemayel 2728: 2726: 2725:Islamic state 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2642: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369:National Pact 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980:First Crusade 1977: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:Mount Lebanon 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663:Hiram of Tyre 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553:empires. The 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1482: 1479: 1471: 1468:November 2017 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: – 1428: 1424: 1423:Find sources: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1401:This section 1399: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230:Mount Lebanon 1221: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1144:Lebanon is a 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 995:to the west; 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 960: 954: 945: 941: 940: 929: 922: 877: 872: 834: 829: 827: 824: 823: 821: 819: 815: 812: 809: 807: 806:ISO 3166 code 803: 800: 797: 795: 791: 787: 785: 781: 777: 771: 767: 763: 757: 753: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 728: 724: 720: 704: 698: 694: 679: 673: 669: 665: 662:$ 3,283 ( 656: 650: 646: 637: 631: 627: 621: 617: 613: 604: 598: 594: 585: 579: 575: 571: 565: 561: 557: 551: 547: 543: 537: 534: 530: 526: 520: 516: 512: 506: 503: 499: 495: 492:30 April 2005 491: 488: 482: 478: 475: 469: 466:17 April 1946 465: 462: 461:French forces 456: 452: 448: 442: 438: 432: 428: 425: 419: 415: 412: 406: 402: 399: 393: 389: 386: 380: 376: 373: 367: 363: 360:Establishment 358: 355: 352: 348: 344: 341: 338: 335: 329: 326: 323: 320: 314: 311: 310: 306: 303: 297: 293: 290: 286: 282: 280: 276: 273: 270: 268: 264: 258: 254: 252: 248: 246: 242: 241: 239: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 217: 214: 210: 207: 204: 200: 195: 166: 163: 156: 152: 147: 140: 135: 112: 111: 96: 92: 88: 81: 74: 68: 60: 44: 39: 34: 30: 26: 22: 21355:Fidel Castro 20948:Demographics 20838:Declarations 20671:Turkmenistan 20631:Sierra Leone 20621:Saudi Arabia 20543: 20444:Burkina Faso 20296:Institutions 20274:Demographics 20141:Saudi Arabia 20105: 20009:Headquarters 19898:Thracian Sea 19883:Sea of Crete 19878:Ligurian Sea 19858:Balearic Sea 19843:Adriatic Sea 19789:Dependencies 19705: 19551:Saudi Arabia 19530: 19439: 19427: 19342:Kastellorizo 19221:Turkmenistan 19186:Saudi Arabia 19130: 18861:Demographics 18841:Human rights 18745:Saudi Arabia 18730: 18724: 18717: 18705: 18699: 18497:Demographics 18475:Architecture 18416:Central Bank 18348:Human rights 18333:Constitution 18297:Shebaa farms 18287:Governorates 18267:Beqaa Valley 18193:Crusader era 18147: 18098: 18073: 18044:Georges Corm 18034: 18027: 18017: 18002: 17993: 17973: 17966: 17952: 17934:. 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Reuters. 11306:news.un.org 10788:24 November 10712:MTV Lebanon 10682:MTV Lebanon 10330:14 February 10274:19 February 10177:Bakri, Nada 9770:19 February 9651:19 February 9568:11 December 9143:19 February 9107:Lord Mayhew 8694:Morris 2008 8682:Morris 2008 8670:Morris 2008 7914:25 December 7893:Colonialism 7836:25 December 6700:hartsem.edu 6485:George Hawi 6366:Asia portal 6307:Al Ansar FC 6266:Al Ansar FC 6178:ski resorts 6112:), and the 6047:Protestants 5976:Najwa Karam 5894:The Prophet 5885:Shakespeare 5822:Phoenicians 5674:IB programs 5015:Governorate 4999:Governorate 4905:Ivory Coast 4901:West Africa 4849:, 1.76 for 4691:Development 4572:Agriculture 4495:LGBT people 4483:LGBT rights 4441:, and is a 4353:Arab League 3798:; singular 3599:Hepatitis A 3483:germination 3471:cedar trees 3431:Environment 3425:rain shadow 3306:range, the 3184:Saad Hariri 3118:new cabinet 3079:Hassan Diab 3074:Saad Hariri 2601:Saad Haddad 2546:Arab League 2411:Al-Malkiyya 2409:– captured 2377:Shia Muslim 2322:Free French 2280:Henri Dentz 2270:Map of the 2244:Grand Liban 1814:Middle Ages 1765:Coele-Syria 1675:Phoenicians 1639:Phoenicians 1616:burial jars 1516:Hellenistic 1218:Group of 77 1198:Arab League 1196:and of the 1119:Free France 1095:World War I 866: / 710: 0.723 479:24 May 2000 429:23 May 1926 403:9 June 1861 350:Legislature 340:Nabih Berri 189: / 101:كلّنا للوطن 21407:Categories 21293:Yugoslavia 21178:Principles 21099:Yugoslavia 20982:Population 20681:Uzbekistan 20651:Tajikistan 20579:Mozambique 20569:Mauritania 20539:Kyrgyzstan 20529:Kazakhstan 20434:Bangladesh 20424:Azerbaijan 20216:Candidates 20116:Mauritania 20050:Membership 20032:Arab Union 20027:Parliament 19873:Libyan Sea 19863:Ionian Sea 19848:Aegean Sea 19726:Montenegro 19231:Uzbekistan 19206:Tajikistan 19121:Kyrgyzstan 19101:Kazakhstan 19051:East Timor 19021:Bangladesh 19011:Azerbaijan 18889:Irreligion 18537:Television 18428:(currency) 18338:Corruption 18198:Mamluk era 17430:2 February 17391:17 January 17258:4 November 17189:17 January 16942:17 January 16833:0816071586 16670:2 February 16644:2 February 16618:19 October 16558:19 October 16438:17 January 16412:17 January 16375:17 January 16349:17 January 16323:17 January 16235:17 January 16178:26 January 16088:19 October 15894:"Glossary" 15724:10 January 15531:17 January 15496:Fanack.com 15475:30 October 15445:10 October 15384:17 January 15358:30 October 15328:30 October 15245:17 January 15212:17 January 15185:17 January 15159:23 October 15119:The Nation 15099:17 January 14951:17 January 14843:4 November 14812:1 February 14721:4 November 14662:17 January 14636:17 January 14610:17 January 14583:17 January 14551:17 January 14516:31 October 14485:31 October 14459:17 January 14389:14 October 14359:14 October 14328:14 October 14298:14 October 14258:14 October 14147:29 October 13957:1 February 13927:12 January 13897:17 January 13783:9 November 13755:17 January 13725:17 January 13699:17 January 13667:17 January 13441:17 January 13205:17 January 13172:17 January 12832:4 February 12756:31 October 12695:17 January 12669:17 January 12610:14 October 12557:0871878887 12490:17 January 12463:17 January 12406:17 January 12300:Al Jazeera 12280:18 October 12254:8 December 12224:8 December 12205:8 December 12166:10 January 12078:fanack.com 12021:BioScience 11944:17 January 11789:13 January 11762:13 January 11722:17 January 11696:17 January 11650:31 January 11624:17 January 11489:1 February 11229:25 October 11199:17 October 10878:Al Jazeera 10848:Al Jazeera 10828:20 January 10778:the961.com 10757:18 October 10722:26 October 10692:26 October 10662:20 January 10629:18 October 10599:18 October 10569:18 October 10537:18 October 10511:18 October 10479:18 October 10448:12 January 10374:1956/17996 10225:17 January 10195:12 January 10161:12 January 10135:19 October 10102:19 October 9966:19 October 9930:17 January 9796:19 January 9682:2 February 9620:19 January 9594:17 January 9538:17 January 9508:2 February 9477:17 January 9196:17 January 9169:17 January 9066:12 January 8960:1035902227 8720:18 October 8655:31 January 8625:20 January 8508:17 October 8474:17 January 7755:17 January 7729:14 October 7569:18 January 7419:20 January 7211:10 October 7046:27 October 6913:17 January 6825:15 October 6548:17 January 6515:References 6501:Walid Eido 6277:basketball 6144:and fresh 5875:Literature 5864:Walid Raad 5612:of English 5433:Protestant 5380:, and one 5341:See also: 5156:Bint Jbeil 4816:See also: 4538:dollarized 4473:Christians 4357:March 2002 4355:Summit in 4230:ash-Shamal 4204:Bint Jbeil 4198:Jabal Amel 4048:Corinthian 3711:unicameral 3491:Tannourine 3229:Qannoubine 2859:airstrikes 2722:Khomeinist 2522:Green Line 2477:Gulf Arabs 2120:mutasarrıf 2061:Sanjak-bey 2055:succeeded 2046:Jabal Amil 2011:See also: 1907:Jabal Amel 1899:Shia Islam 1792:asceticism 1788:monotheism 1759:under the 1595:. 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3475:wildfires 3387:16 rivers 3336:sandstone 3332:limestone 3322:plain to 3231:Monastery 3210:Geography 3161:Hezbollah 3051:sectarian 2981:Al-Akhbar 2913:Hezbollah 2863:artillery 2851:Hezbollah 2702:Hezbollah 2689:, and in 2665:In 1982, 2589:Blue Line 2456:'s term, 2175:when the 2131:Catholics 2124:Maronites 1970:Palestine 1865:Jacobites 1845:Maronites 1800:Maronites 1620:Neolithic 1574:Antiquity 1526:empires. 1496:Canaanite 1427:"Lebanon" 1224:Etymology 1016:Phoenicia 981:West Asia 953:romanized 784:Drives on 741:Time zone 624:(nominal) 302:President 21282:Founders 21094:Tanzania 20876:Sessions 20754:Thailand 20646:Suriname 20599:Pakistan 20559:Maldives 20554:Malaysia 20469:Djibouti 20454:Cameroon 20081:Djibouti 20019:Military 19981:Politics 19736:Slovenia 19506:Djibouti 19429:Category 19272:Abkhazia 19211:Thailand 19166:Pakistan 19146:Mongolia 19141:Maldives 19136:Malaysia 19036:Cambodia 18884:Religion 18874:Genetics 18829:Timeline 18577:Category 18527:Religion 18365:Military 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