349:
538:
battle casualties, which also include what are called irrecoverable losses—those already dead or who die of wounds before reaching an aid station, those missing in action, and those taken prisoner. Military medical casualties usually greatly exceed irrecoverable losses—for example, the ratio was about 4:1 in World War I and about 3:1 in World War II. A distinction is made between combat and noncombat military medical casualties. The former refers to casualties that are the result of wounds, trauma, burns, ionizing radiation contamination, poisoning, and frostbite; the latter refers to casualties that are the result of noncombat injuries and diseases not related to weapons.
86:
170:, but not someone who sustains injuries which do not prevent them from fighting. Any casualty is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat; the number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. The word has been used in a military context since at least 1513.
537:
Military
Medical Casualties are losses during wars of armed forces personnel on account of wounds or other effects received from various kinds of weapons, as well as those who are admitted to aid stations or medical installations for more than 24 hours. Military medical casualties are one category of
234:
A person who is not a battle casualty, but who is lost to his organization by reason of disease or injury, including persons dying from disease or injury, or by reason of being missing where the absence does not appear to be voluntary or due to enemy action or to being interned.
381:
The word "casualty" has been used since 1844 in civilian life. In civilian usage, a casualty is a person who is killed, wounded or incapacitated by some event; the term is usually used to describe multiple deaths and injuries due to violent incidents or
267:
In relation to personnel, any person incapacitated by wounds sustained or diseases contracted in a combat zone, as well as any person admitted to a medical installation for treatment or recuperation for more than a day. There is a distinction between
87:
471:
124:
usage, a casualty is a person who is killed, wounded or incapacitated by some event; the term is usually used to describe multiple deaths and injuries due to violent incidents or
276:. The former refers to a medical casualty that is a direct result of combat action; the latter refers to a medical casualty that is not a direct result of combat action.
226:
Any casualty incurred as the direct result of hostile action, sustained in combat or relating thereto, or sustained going to or returning from a combat mission.
218:
In relation to personnel, any person who is lost to his organization by reason of being declared dead, wounded, diseased, detained, captured or missing.
480:
637:
569:
725:
Bennett, Stephen Earl and
Richard S. Flickinger. "Americans' Knowledge of U.S. Military Deaths in Iraq, April 2004 to April 2008."
664:
707:
Kummel, Gerhard and Nina
Leonhard"Casualties and Civil-Military Relations: The German Polity between Learning and Indifference."
558:[Russia and the USSR in the Wars of the Twentieth Century: Losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study] (in Russian).
359:
A casualty classification generally used to describe any person who has incurred an injury by means of action of hostile forces.
318:
A casualty classification generally used to describe any person reported missing during combat operations. They may have
651:
453:
Oxford
English Dictionary, 2nd ed gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use
719:
Van Der Meulen, Jan and Joseph
Soeters."Considering Casualties: Risk and Loss during Peacekeeping and Warmaking."
348:
431:
304:
A casualty classification generally used to describe any person killed by means of the action of hostile forces.
373:
A casualty classification generally used to describe any person captured and held in custody by hostile forces.
507:
Department of
Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Incorporating the NATO and IADB Dictionaries
753:
654:, U.S.A.. Medical Field Service School, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. The Army Medical Bulletin Number 24.
670:
290:
A civilian casualty refers to a civilian that is killed or wounded as a direct result of military action.
524:
17:
731:
Varoglu, A. Kadir and Adnan
Bicaksiz"Volunteering for Risk: The Culture of the Turkish Armed Forces."
763:
404:
713:
Smith, Hugh. "What Costs Will
Democracies Bear? A Review of Popular Theories of Casualty Aversion."
599:
555:
701:
Gifford, Brian. "Combat
Casualties and Race: What Can We Learn from the 2003–2004 Iraq Conflict?"
758:
600:"Annex Table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002"
505:
573:
155:
8:
738:
732:
726:
714:
708:
702:
673:
353:
183:
556:"Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: Потери вооруженных сил: Статистическое исследование"
343:
327:
313:
285:
256:
195:
167:
259:
or who died of wounds or diseases before being evacuated to a medical installation.
323:
299:
252:
147:
98:
46:
109:, who becomes unavailable for duty due to any of several circumstances, including
368:
331:
159:
657:
Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and
Atrocities Before the 20th Century
644:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
658:
31:
720:
634:
747:
106:
187:
319:
191:
163:
114:
102:
503:
383:
179:
125:
121:
94:
728:. Armed Forces & Society, Apr 2009; vol. 35: pp. 587–604.
722:. Armed Forces & Society, Jul 2005; vol. 31: pp. 483–486.
704:. Armed Forces & Society, Jan 2005; vol. 31: pp. 201–225.
740:. Armed Forces & Society, Jul 2005; vol. 31: pp. 651–664
734:. Armed Forces & Society, Jul 2005; vol. 31: pp. 583–598
716:. Armed Forces & Society, Jul 2005; vol. 31: pp. 487–512
415:
151:
422:
injury was estimated to be responsible for 6.2% of all deaths.
418:) were estimated to be 2.8% of all deaths. In the same report,
58:
387:
129:
110:
710:.Armed Forces & Society, Jul 2005; vol. 31: pp. 513–535.
207:
76:
67:
64:
597:
570:"U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary: killed in action"
243:
These definitions are popular among military historians.
61:
55:
52:
737:
Ben-Ari, Eyal. "Epilogue: A 'Good' Military Death."
73:
70:
398:
49:
549:
547:
745:
469:
607:The world health report 2004 – changing history
390:", but non-fatal injuries are also casualties.
132:", but non-fatal injuries are also casualties.
30:"Casualties" redirects here. For the band, see
553:
544:
154:, diseased, disabled by injuries, disabled by
504:United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff (1986).
473:AAP-6, NATO Glossary of terms and definitions
663:Statistical Summary: America's Major Wars
465:
463:
461:
459:
593:
591:
519:
517:
386:. It is sometimes misunderstood to mean "
246:
128:. It is sometimes misunderstood to mean "
650:(1931), by Albert G. Love, Lt. Colonel,
497:
347:
27:Military personnel, unavailable for duty
456:
414:injuries (including war, violence, and
190:, sometimes instead referred to by the
113:, injury, illness, missing, capture or
14:
746:
679:Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls
588:
514:
279:
229:
510:. Joint Chiefs of Staff. p. 246.
449:
447:
251:In relation to personnel, any person
337:
307:
238:
293:
262:
201:
24:
624:
598:World Health Organization (2004).
470:J.J.R. Taillefer (7 August 2000),
444:
362:
221:
25:
775:
376:
135:
399:Military and civilian fatalities
210:uses the following definitions:
45:
432:List of causes of death by rate
672:. By Greg Brecht. Fall, 1987.
562:
13:
1:
633:U.S. Casualties and Veterans
525:"Military Medical Casualties"
437:
669:The world's worst massacres
393:
7:
425:
274:non-combat medical casualty
213:
10:
780:
554:Krivosheyev, G. F. (ed.).
366:
341:
311:
297:
283:
206:The military organisation
29:
666:. U.S. Civil War Center.
408:World health report 2004
352:Shell fragment injury,
270:combat medical casualty
146:is a person in service
356:
247:Irrecoverable casualty
97:usage, is a person in
351:
182:killed or injured by
140:In military usage, a
754:Military terminology
576:on 27 September 2012
156:psychological trauma
322:, or may have been
280:Civilian casualties
230:Non-battle casualty
175:Civilian casualties
674:Whole Earth Review
357:
354:American Civil War
184:military personnel
344:Wounded in action
338:Wounded in action
314:Missing in action
308:Missing in action
286:Civilian casualty
257:missing in action
239:Other definitions
196:collateral damage
16:(Redirected from
771:
764:Killings by type
618:
617:
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586:
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583:
581:
572:. Archived from
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531:
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501:
495:
494:
493:
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485:
479:, archived from
478:
467:
454:
451:
300:Killed in action
294:Killed in action
263:Medical casualty
253:killed in action
202:NATO definitions
148:killed in action
99:military service
93:), as a term in
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91:
90:
89:
82:
79:
78:
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57:
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51:
21:
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631:America's Wars:
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625:Further reading
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401:
396:
379:
371:
369:Prisoner of war
365:
363:Prisoner of war
346:
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316:
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296:
288:
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265:
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224:
222:Battle casualty
216:
204:
176:
144:
138:
85:
84:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
777:
767:
766:
761:
759:War casualties
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742:
741:
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729:
723:
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648:War Casualties
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587:
561:
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513:
496:
486:on 7 July 2019
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442:
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427:
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410:, deaths from
400:
397:
395:
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378:
377:Civilian usage
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367:Main article:
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342:Main article:
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312:Main article:
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298:Main article:
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136:Military usage
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32:The Casualties
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9:
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403:According to
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107:non-combatant
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42:
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19:
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643:Online text
630:
610:. Retrieved
606:
578:. Retrieved
574:the original
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528:. Retrieved
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488:, retrieved
481:the original
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194:expression "
173:
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150:, killed by
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412:intentional
330:, or taken
192:euphemistic
748:Categories
638:Infoplease
612:1 November
580:4 February
438:References
388:fatalities
188:combatants
130:fatalities
18:Casualties
394:Incidence
384:disasters
180:civilians
126:disasters
115:desertion
103:combatant
490:13 March
426:See also
332:prisoner
320:deserted
214:Casualty
164:deserted
160:captured
143:casualty
122:civilian
95:military
41:casualty
416:suicide
328:wounded
168:missing
152:disease
324:killed
603:(PDF)
530:5 May
484:(PDF)
477:(PDF)
166:, or
111:death
83:
614:2008
582:2007
532:2013
492:2018
272:and
208:NATO
178:are
405:WHO
198:".
186:or
120:In
105:or
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