Disease - Knowledge

2173: 1636: 1933:(DALY) metrics are similar but take into account whether the person was healthy after diagnosis. In addition to the number of years lost due to premature death, these measurements add part of the years lost to being sick. Unlike YPLL, these measurements show the burden imposed on people who are very sick, but who live a normal lifespan. A disease that has high morbidity, but low mortality, has a high DALY and a low YPLL. In 2004, the World Health Organization calculated that 1.5 billion disability-adjusted life years were lost to disease and injury. In the developed world, 1918:(YPLL) is a simple estimate of the number of years that a person's life was shortened due to a disease. For example, if a person dies at the age of 65 from a disease, and would probably have lived until age 80 without that disease, then that disease has caused a loss of 15 years of potential life. YPLL measurements do not account for how disabled a person is before dying, so the measurement treats a person who dies suddenly and a person who died at the same age after decades of illness as equivalent. In 2004, the 1352: 85: 2428: 2414: 1066:(e.g., by pharmaceutical manufacturers) or de-medicalization (e.g., by medical and disability insurers). Identifying legitimate predisease can result in useful preventive measures, such as motivating the person to get a healthy amount of physical exercise, but labeling a healthy person with an unfounded notion of predisease can result in 2363:

or choose "pathways". Some are explicitly immigration-themed: the patient has been exiled from the home territory of health to the land of the ill, changing identity and relationships in the process. This language is more common among British healthcare professionals than the language of physical aggression.

1669:, also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases, comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs or symptoms of disease) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. Included in this category are 3165:

When the goal of preventing adverse health outcomes is kept in mind, this review poses the idea that "predisease" as a category on which to act makes sense only if the following 3 conditions are met. First, the people designated as having predisease must be far more likely to develop the disease than

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Another class of metaphors describes the experience of illness as a journey: The person travels to or from a place of disease, and changes himself, discovers new information, or increases his experience along the way. He may travel "on the road to recovery" or make changes to "get on the right track"

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In studying diseases, epidemiology faces the challenge of defining them. Especially for poorly understood diseases, different groups might use significantly different definitions. Without an agreed-on definition, different researchers may report different numbers of cases and characteristics of the

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of a condition, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. Morbidity rates are used in actuarial professions, such as health insurance, life insurance, and long-term care insurance, to determine the premiums charged to customers. Morbidity rates help insurers predict the

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has an unknown cause or source. As medical science has advanced, many diseases with entirely unknown causes have had some aspects of their sources explained and therefore shed their idiopathic status. For example, when germs were discovered, it became known that they were a cause of infection, but

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investigation to study design, data collection, and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Epidemiologists also study the interaction of diseases in a population, a condition known as a

2402:. People with the disease were portrayed in literature as having risen above daily life to become ephemeral objects of spiritual or artistic achievement. In the 20th century, after its cause was better understood, the same disease became the emblem of poverty, squalor, and other social problems. 1899:

Some morbidity databases are compiled with data supplied by states and territories health authorities, at national levels or larger scale (such as European Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)) which may contain hospital discharge data by detailed diagnosis, age and sex. The European HMDB data was

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is any disease that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates, trans fats, or alcoholic

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Some diseases are used as metaphors for social ills: "Cancer" is a common description for anything that is endemic and destructive in society, such as poverty, injustice, or racism. AIDS was seen as a divine judgment for moral decadence, and only by purging itself from the "pollution" of the

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An organic disease is one caused by a physical or physiological change to some tissue or organ of the body. The term sometimes excludes infections. It is commonly used in contrast with mental disorders. It includes emotional and behavioral disorders if they are due to changes to the physical

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of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases can affect people not only physically but also mentally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person's perspective on life.

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a non-disease situation in their life – for example, a person who feels unwell as a result of embarrassment, and who interprets those feelings as sickness rather than normal emotions). Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a collection of

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those not so designated. Second, there must be a feasible intervention that, when targeted to people with predisease, effectively reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Third, the benefits of intervening on predisease must outweigh the harms in the population.

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is a way to avoid an injury, sickness, or disease in the first place. A treatment or cure is applied after a medical problem has already started. A treatment attempts to improve or remove a problem, but treatments may not produce permanent cures, especially in

1128:, to name a few. Mental illness can be of biological (e.g., anatomical, chemical, or genetic) or psychological (e.g., trauma or conflict) origin. It can impair the affected person's ability to work or study and can harm interpersonal relationships. The term 1218:. A chronic disease may be stable (does not get any worse) or it may be progressive (gets worse over time). Some chronic diseases can be permanently cured. Most chronic diseases can be beneficially treated, even if they cannot be permanently cured. 2269:(PTSD) has had a number of positive and negative effects on the financial and other responsibilities of governments, corporations, and institutions towards individuals, as well as on the individuals themselves. The social implication of viewing 2252:

is exempted from the requirement, or even forbidden from participating. People who are sick are also exempted from social duties. For example, ill health is the only socially acceptable reason for an American to refuse an invitation to the

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Epidemiology is the study of the factors that cause or encourage diseases. Some diseases are more common in certain geographic areas, among people with certain genetic or socioeconomic characteristics, or at different times of the year.

2537: 850:, or poor health due to any cause. The term may refer to the existence of any form of disease, or to the degree that the health condition affects the patient. Among severely ill patients, the level of morbidity is often measured by 572:). For example, a bacterial infection can be primary, wherein a healthy person is exposed to bacteria and becomes infected, or it can be secondary to a primary cause, that predisposes the body to infection. For example, a primary 2355:. Because the threat is urgent, perhaps a matter of life and death, unthinkably radical, even oppressive, measures are society's and the patient's moral duty as they courageously mobilize to struggle against destruction. The 3091: 1164:

is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms. Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called

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The identification of a condition as a disease, rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function, can have significant social or economic implications. The controversial recognition of diseases such as

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A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when cause or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms

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is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of their disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill (to have an objectively definable, but

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is sometimes preferred by people with health issues that they do not consider deleterious. However, by emphasizing the medical nature of the condition, this term is sometimes rejected, such as by proponents of the

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Classical classification of human disease derives from the observational correlation between pathological analysis and clinical syndromes. Today it is preferred to classify them by their cause if it is known.

1017:. A familiar syndrome name often remains in use even after an underlying cause has been found or when there are a number of different possible primary causes. Examples of the first-mentioned type are that 379:

sounds like it could mean "caught via contagion", but it simply means acquired sometime after birth. It also sounds like it could imply secondary disease, but acquired disease can be primary disease.

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Sickness confers the social legitimization of certain benefits, such as illness benefits, work avoidance, and being looked after by others. The person who is sick takes on a social role called the

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A terminal disease is one that is expected to have the inevitable result of death. Previously, AIDS was a terminal disease; it is now incurable, but can be managed indefinitely using medications.

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If a person will die soon from a disease, regardless of whether that disease typically causes death, then the stage between the earlier disease process and active dying is the terminal phase.

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are diseases that are associated with high social and economic status. Which diseases are associated with which states vary according to time, place, and technology. Some diseases, such as

1826:(also called pain medicine) is that branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach to the relief of pain and improvement in the quality of life of those living with pain. 3199:

a stage in the history of a pathological condition that begins with anatomical or physiological changes that are sufficient to produce recognizable signs and symptoms of a disease

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Recovery can refer to the repairing of physical processes (tissues, organs etc.) and the resumption of healthy functioning after damage causing processes have been cured.

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A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.

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Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011).

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is far more common in societies in which most members live until they reach the age of 80 than in societies in which most members die before they reach the age of 50.

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and the World Health Organization to greatly influence collective and personal well-being. The World Health Organization's Social Determinants Council also recognizes

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is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death, serious debility, or organ failure occurs. Slowly progressive diseases are also

3679: 1522:. In some cases, microorganisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate 1822:

are a subset of treatments that reverse diseases completely or end medical problems permanently. Many diseases that cannot be completely cured are still treatable.

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broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. For this reason, diseases are associated with the dysfunction of the body's normal

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benefit that outweighs the harm of any interventions taken – removing the precancerous tissue prevents cancer, and thus prevents a potential death from cancer.

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is one that persists over time, often for at least six months, but may also include illnesses that are expected to last for the entirety of one's natural life.

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Medical therapies or treatments are efforts to cure or improve a disease or other health problems. In the medical field, therapy is synonymous with the word

764: 2302:, may be associated with both poverty (poor food choices) and affluence (long lifespans and sedentary lifestyles), through different mechanisms. The term 2585: 897:

of a disease or medical condition, or the percentage of people who experience a given condition within a given timeframe (e.g., 20% of people will get

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A disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance that may or may not show specific signs and symptoms. Medical disorders can be categorized into

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is an example of this metaphorical use of language. This language is empowering to some patients, but leaves others feeling like they are failures.

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or food poisoning is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites.

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are still often called by the "syndrome" name despite that they can also be viewed as disease entities and not solely as sets of signs and symptoms.

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to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders. This usage is also commonly seen in the psychiatric literature. Some

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One that has clinical consequences; in other words, the stage of the disease that produces the characteristic signs and symptoms of that disease.

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disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors). Epidemiology can help identify causes as well as guide prevention efforts.

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are the social conditions in which people live that determine their health. Illnesses are generally related to social, economic, political, and

3220: 3767: 3186: 3424: 2995: 2386:"invader" could society become healthy again. More recently, when AIDS seemed less threatening, this type of emotive language was applied to 1710:

is a medical condition or disease that is non-transmissible. Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread directly from one person to another.

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An acquired disease is one that began at some point during one's lifetime, as opposed to disease that was already present at birth, which is

3068: 2233:. In return for these benefits, the sick person is obligated to seek treatment and work to become well once more. As a comparison, consider 1087:

actionability for risk reduction – for example, removal of the precancerous tissue prevents it from turning into a potentially deadly cancer

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is also used in many other areas of medicine, primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms, such as

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refers to the disappearance, possibly temporarily, of symptoms. Complete remission is the best possible outcome for incurable diseases.

3781: 2652: 2830: 2374:: The alcoholic is enslaved by drink, and the smoker is captive to nicotine. Some cancer patients treat the loss of their hair from 4975: 1564: 1125: 1210:

is one that lasts for a long time, usually at least six months. During that time, it may be constantly present, or it may go into

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Most religions grant exceptions from religious duties to people who are sick. For example, one whose life would be endangered by

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instability, behavioral dysregulation, cognitive dysfunction or impairment. Specific illnesses known as mental illnesses include

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or condition is one that is caused by medical intervention, whether as a side effect of a treatment or as an inadvertent outcome.

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to the person affected, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes

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is a way of organizing a medical experience into a coherent story that illustrates the sick individual's personal experience.

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generally includes mental illnesses, in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness, injury, or disease

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van Seventer JM, Hochberg NS (2017), "Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control",

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concepts: Disease is an enemy that must be feared, fought, battled, and routed. The patient or the healthcare provider is a

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that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal

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Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior".

4551: 4381: 4333: 2589: 1559:. Social determinants of health have been recognized by several health organizations such as the Public Health Agency of 3914: 3890: 4862: 4506: 989:, or other characteristics that often occur together, regardless of whether the cause is known. Some syndromes such as 689: 2331:

to make sense of their experiences with disease. The metaphors move disease from an objective thing that exists to an

2237:, which is not interpreted as a disease or sickness, even if the mother and baby may both benefit from medical care. 1979: 2283:. Fear of disease can still be a widespread social phenomenon, though not all diseases evoke extreme social stigma. 2279:

were people who were historically shunned because they had an infectious disease, and the term "leper" still evokes

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is the impact of a health problem in an area measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.

4830: 2563: 1005:, for example, is not a single disease itself but is rather the manifestation of any of several diseases including 965:

implying "a specific disease entity as defined by diagnostic criteria being already met". This is hard to quantify

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for diseases. In the study of communicable and non-communicable diseases, the work of epidemiologists ranges from

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that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi.

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a high risk for progression to disease making one "far more likely to develop" it than others are- for example, a

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that creates an open wound could provide an entry point for bacteria, and lead to a secondary bacterial infection.

5278: 4372: 2646: 2490: 2395: 1689:– a disease that can spread from one person to another, but does not necessarily spread through everyday contact. 3978:

The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures

550:. A doctor must determine what primary disease, a cold or bacterial infection, is causing a patient's secondary 516:, and sometimes a disease's symptoms can be treated sufficiently for the disease to have little or no impact on 2266: 1885: 3896: 2593: 1181:; after recovery from chickenpox, the virus may remain dormant in nerve cells for many years, and later cause 4510: 3900: 2910: 2828:

Johnson R (2002). "The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries".

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can represent wealth and abundance, and is a status symbol in famine-prone areas and some places hard-hit by

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When the cause of a disease is poorly understood, societies tend to mythologize the disease or use it as a

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Epidemiology is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research and is highly regarded in

621:, or to have a clinically apparent physical impairment but not feel sick or distressed by it), and to be 235: 89: 2534:"What is the Difference Between an "Injury" and "Disease" for Comcare Commonwealth Compensation Claims?" 568:

of a prior, causal disease, which is referred to as the primary disease or simply the underlying cause (

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describes diseases associated with longevity and that are more common among older people. For example,

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Regular physical activity, such as riding a bicycle or walking, reduces the risk of lifestyle diseases.

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are used interchangeably; however, there are situations when specific terms are considered preferable.

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Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999).

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can be transmitted, e.g. by hand-to-mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of

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by the body – that helps clear infection and promote recovery. Such aspects of illness can include

495: 491: 219: 58: 3416: 2999: 858:, or co-existing disease, is the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions, such as 4961: 4937: 4544: 3052: 2202:

A condition may be considered a disease in some cultures or eras but not in others. For example,

2053: 1860: 1482: 1338: 1010: 1002: 565: 535: 227: 223: 215: 199: 5160: 5137: 5106: 4476: 3793: 2474: 2078: 1542: 1421: 1254: 1170: 1081: 1071: 805: 502:. For example, a third factor might be causing both the disease, and the associated phenomenon. 350: 151: 4236: 3453: 3447: 3242: 1267:

A flare-up can refer to either the recurrence of symptoms or an onset of more severe symptoms.

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submitted by European countries to the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.

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or symbol of whatever that culture considers evil. For example, until the bacterial cause of

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involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ.

1382: 1281: 1243: 1211: 1059: 708:, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances. In mental health, the term 136: 1914:

There are several measures used to quantify the burden imposed by diseases on people. The

938: 746:, disorders, or nonpathologic condition that normally receives medical treatment, such as 8: 5252: 5193: 5124: 5057: 4852: 4820: 4662: 4630: 4439: 3258: 2442: 2287: 1830: 1728: 1583: 1431: 1273: 851: 693: 569: 527: 414: 372: 345:, is not considered a disease. By contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its 256: 207: 175: 155: 4386: 3516: 3376: 486:

particular germs and diseases had not been linked. In another example, it is known that

5039: 4880: 4872: 4857: 4825: 4805: 4713: 4537: 4455: 4293: 4100: 4067: 3957: 3630: 3610: 3577: 3542: 3393: 3361:"Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh" 3360: 3306: 3273: 3156: 2892: 2810: 2752: 2735: 2711: 2692: 2229:, in a culturally acceptable fashion may be publicly and privately honored with higher 1804: 1733:

Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through a variety of means. These include

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A hereditary disease is a type of genetic disease caused by genetic mutations that are

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is the end of a medical condition or a treatment that is very likely to end it, while

214:), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as 5111: 5029: 4998: 4917: 4493: 4472: 4343: 4297: 4285: 4250: 4240: 4229: 4178: 4168: 4138: 4128: 4105: 4087: 4048: 4007: 3982: 3976: 3961: 3949: 3736: 3726: 3615: 3582: 3564: 3498: 3457: 3398: 3311: 3293: 3148: 3058: 2975: 2969: 2884: 2867: 2847: 2802: 2794: 2757: 2716: 2464: 2343:, rather than a passive victim or bystander. The agents of communicable diseases are 2321: 2303: 2299: 2196: 1696: 1657: 1587: 1530: 1368: 1364: 1157: 1022: 906:

likelihood that an insured will contract or develop any number of specified diseases.

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is a broad, generic label for a category of illnesses that may include affective or

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Hanne M, Hawken SJ (December 2007). "Metaphors for illness in contemporary media".

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differentiating a legitimate concern for subclinical or premonitory status and the

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as a disease could be profound, though this classification is not yet widespread.

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calculated that 932 million years of potential life were lost to premature death.

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or epistemology of predisease is contentious, though, because there is seldom a

629:(such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or 234:. In developed countries, the diseases that cause the most sickness overall are 5165: 4927: 4922: 4842: 3330:"Human disease – Pathogenesis, Etiology, Resistance, and Immunity | Britannica" 2433: 1908: 1889: 1161: 1063: 902: 839: 2451:, severe, lifelong disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments 1545:. Many non-infectious diseases have a partly or completely genetic basis (see 5272: 5257: 4810: 4623: 4254: 4091: 4083: 4052: 3918: 3568: 3494: 3297: 2798: 2356: 2280: 2230: 2188: 2082: 1934: 1881: 1784: 1754: 1711: 1538: 1503: 1492: 1372: 1334: 1229: 1193: 1182: 1166: 1121: 1067: 990: 859: 817: 792: 577: 358: 120: 4358: 4339: 4313: 4281: 4182: 4142: 3740: 3143: 3124: 700:

is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms

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is any disease that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air.

1624: 1575: 1488: 1439: 1427: 1404: 1263: 1144: 870: 659: 614: 487: 472: 349:, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease. 99:

is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or

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This rash only affects one part of the body, so it is a localized disease.

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is a scientific resource connecting chemicals, genes, and human diseases.

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of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external

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descriptions of most diseases, with access to current research articles.

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can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of

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Diseases can be caused by any number of factors and may be acquired or

1465:. This is periodically updated. Currently, the last publication is the 1320:. This is a stage in some diseases before the symptoms are first noted. 1174: 994: 966: 930: 894: 847: 751: 717: 655: 498:

with certain diseases; however, association does not necessarily imply

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or by internal dysfunctions. For example, internal dysfunctions of the

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Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women's Health

2618:. Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep Center. Archived from 1590:, and overindulgence in sex, rich food, or alcohol, all of which were 4993: 4787: 4730: 4652: 4579: 4560: 4480: 4377: 2371: 2352: 2332: 2234: 2222: 2115: 1800: 1750: 1738: 1676: 1523: 1499: 1400: 1014: 925: 898: 747: 663: 499: 394: 338: 330: 251: 183: 84: 4399: 2775:

Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals".

1292:: a medical condition that exists, but does not get better or worse. 788:

as any illness, injury, or disease except for psychiatric illnesses.

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could lead to a secondary bacterial infection. Similarly, a primary

325:, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as 4942: 4737: 4698: 4683: 4606: 4584: 4459: 4163:

Gwyn, Richard (1999). "10". In Cameron, Lynne, Low, Graham (eds.).

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was discovered in 1882, experts variously ascribed the disease to

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is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms. The

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is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes

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of the disease, and from contaminated water or food (often via

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has spread to other parts; with cancer, this is usually called

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Encyclopedia of Public Health: Volume 1: A – H Volume 2: I – Z

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American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV (2000).

1549:) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another. 1253:"Flareup" redirects here. For the Transformers character, see 1615:(the cause of the disease) with disease itself. For example, 1515: 1438:. Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the 712:

is used as a way of acknowledging the complex interaction of

418: 326: 202:. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, 163: 4529: 3476: 3358: 901:

in a year). This measure of sickness is contrasted with the

4497: 4368: 4320:

discussion with Anne Hardy, David Bradley & Chris Dye (

2697: 1987: 1819: 1239: 1225: 581: 509: 451:. It is often inherited, but some mutations are random and 147: 4231:

Treatments: language, politics, and the culture of illness

3452:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1783:. Among psychologists, the term may refer specifically to 1457:

The most known and used classification of diseases is the

4380:

Comprehensive information on genes that cause disease at

1683:, that commonly spreads from one person to another – and 1143:

or a traumatic brain injury, but not if they are due to

530:

of illness, as opposed to secondary disease, which is a

4235:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 3540: 3477:

Marcantonio M, Pascoe E, Baldacchino F (January 2017).

2864: 1367:

is one that affects only one part of the body, such as

1139:

structures or functioning of the body, such as after a

772:), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all 4329: 4125:

Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior

3271: 3197:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 3057:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 966. 2382:

or metaphor for all the losses caused by the disease.

2225:. A person who responds to a dreaded disease, such as 554:

when deciding whether or not to prescribe antibiotics.

538:

that is caused by the primary disease. For example, a

309:. Commonly, the term is used to refer specifically to 115:. A disease may be caused by external factors such as 3543:"Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States" 3040:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 2972:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

2693:"Health, disease and illness: matters for definition" 2663:– via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. 2195:

How a society responds to diseases is the subject of

1502:

are contagious and commonly believed infectious. The

765:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

3599: 2409: 1718:

are examples of non-communicable diseases in humans.

933:, in which it is commonly used by physicians in the 3895:Standard DALYs (3% discounting, age weights). Also 3445: 2286:Social standing and economic status affect health. 1807:, or informally, by the patient or family members. 1399:is a disease that affects the entire body, such as 1077:One review proposed three criteria for predisease: 4167:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 2214:is considered a sign of spiritual gifts among the 2191:, 1645. It is now generally regarded as a disease. 1623:(the disease). The misuse of basic definitions in 74:"Ailment" redirects here. Not to be confused with 64:"Maladies" redirects here. For the 2012 film, see 3026:Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers 5270: 4404:containing detailed description of most diseases 4352:, fact sheets about many common diseases at the 4203:"Fighting Words Are Rarer Among British Doctors" 4029:"Guidance for Physicians on the Yom Kippur Fast" 3883:"Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004" 2996:"Expat Insurance Glossary by The Insurance Page" 2347:; non-communicable diseases constitute internal 1084:will almost certainly turn into cancer over time 526:A primary disease is a disease that is due to a 385:An acute disease is one of a short-term nature ( 353:are all other diseases, including most forms of 4127:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 703. 3449:Bathsheba's breast: women, cancer & history 2616:"Regents Prep: Living Environment: Homeostasis" 2335:experience. The most popular metaphors draw on 742:is a broad concept that includes all diseases, 222:diseases. The deadliest diseases in humans are 4226: 4122: 1978:Infectious and parasitic diseases, especially 846: 'sick, unhealthy') is a diseased state, 4969: 4545: 4423: 4162: 3757: 3116: 2560:"What is the deadliest disease in the world?" 1888:(to store data and map disease patterns) and 1803:. Treatments may be provided by an organized 1787:or "talk therapy". Common treatments include 714:biological, social, and psychological factors 4026: 4001: 2736:"Health and disease: problems of definition" 2733: 2445:, a disease whose cause is currently unknown 1837:or, in less critical situations, through an 1833:must be provided promptly, often through an 1001:are known to have multiple possible causes. 447:or disease is caused by one or more genetic 4267: 4222: 4220: 4200: 3931: 3925: 3889:. World Health Organization. Archived from 3852:. World Health Organization. Archived from 3602:International Encyclopedia of Public Health 3479:"Sometimes Scientists Get the Flu. Wrong…!" 993:are known to have only one cause (an extra 560:A secondary disease is a disease that is a 15: 4976: 4962: 4552: 4538: 4430: 4416: 3912: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3790:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 3760:"Defining an illness is fodder for debate" 3725:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 3719:Hardy, Paul A., Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). 3272:Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). 3204: 2727: 2684: 1880:(to better understand disease processes), 51:Condition negatively affecting an organism 16: 4099: 3915:"The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro" 3629: 3609: 3576: 3558: 3392: 3305: 3142: 2831:Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2827: 2751: 2710: 1973:Percent of all DALYs lost, US and Canada 1970:Percent of all YPLLs lost, US and Canada 1949:cause the most years lost to being sick. 1884:(the current raw information available), 1284:. The opposite of progressive disease is 512:. Incurable diseases are not necessarily 410:Congenital disorder or congenital disease 4983: 4217: 3981:. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 2690: 2487:, a disease that affects very few people 2171: 1634: 1627:is frequent in scientific publications. 1565:Social determinants of health in poverty 1350: 1126:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 604:are both generally used as synonyms for 83: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 3974: 3932:Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". 3860: 3722:Chronic Pain Management: The Essentials 2774: 1434:by which the disease is caused), or by 1096: 1013:. In yet other syndromes, however, the 14: 5271: 4065: 3846:"European Hospital Morbidity Database" 3822:. Statistics Canada. 24 October 2007. 3782:"National Hospital Morbidity Database" 3643: 3249:from the original on 28 September 2017 3125:"Predisease: when does it make sense?" 3089: 3083: 2938: 2315: 2290:are diseases that are associated with 2167: 226:(blood flow obstruction), followed by 4957: 4533: 4411: 4346:at Washington University in St. Louis 4196: 4194: 4192: 4006:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3210: 3122: 3050: 2566:from the original on 17 December 2014 2531: 2366:Some metaphors are disease-specific. 1961:Percent of all DALYs lost, worldwide 1958:Percent of all YPLLs lost, worldwide 1903: 1518:contamination), etc. Also, there are 1426:Diseases may be classified by cause, 731:Medical condition or health condition 317:microbial agents, including viruses, 4149: 3816:"Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)" 3770:from the original on 3 January 2017. 3747:from the original on 3 October 2015. 3427:from the original on 1 November 2022 3223:from the original on 23 January 2020 3032:from the original on 7 November 2017 2768: 2655:from the original on 7 November 2017 2540:from the original on 27 October 2017 1132:is used technically as a legal term. 546:is a possible secondary disease, or 400:Chronic condition or chronic disease 4442:used to describe disease conditions 4382:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 4334:Comparative Toxicogenomics Database 4027:Gupta N, Gusdorf J (13 July 2023). 3104:from the original on 15 August 2012 2951:from the original on 20 August 2019 2590:National Institute of Mental Health 1196:is a short-lived disease, like the 48: 4863:Fluorescence in situ hybridization 4340:Free online health-risk assessment 4189: 3611:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6 1980:lower respiratory tract infections 1967:Percent of all DALYs lost, Europe 1964:Percent of all YPLLs lost, Europe 1630: 690:emotional and behavioral disorders 111:that are associated with specific 49: 5300: 4307: 4213:from the original on 2 July 2014. 4165:Researching and applying metaphor 3826:from the original on 30 June 2016 3682:from the original on 16 May 2024. 3189:from the original on 23 June 2017 3071:from the original on 4 April 2023 2508: 1941:cause the most loss of life, but 1529:Some diseases, such as most (but 1411: 1228:is the clinical disease stage of 429:. It can also be the result of a 107:. Diseases are often known to be 4831:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 4371:Comprehensive database from the 3365:Science of the Total Environment 3340:from the original on 26 May 2023 3185:(9th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. 2947:. American Medical Association. 2426: 2412: 431:vertically transmitted infection 4373:US National Library of Medicine 4261: 4116: 4059: 4020: 3995: 3968: 3906: 3838: 3808: 3774: 3751: 3712: 3686: 3664: 3637: 3593: 3534: 3509: 3470: 3439: 3417:"Social determinants of health" 3409: 3385:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043 3352: 3322: 3265: 3235: 3171: 3044: 3014: 2988: 2963: 2932: 2903: 2858: 2821: 2491:Sociology of health and illness 2398:as a symbol and a metaphor for 1844: 939:some editors prefer to reserve 617:, medical condition, such as a 458:Hereditary or inherited disease 249:The study of disease is called 212:non-genetic hereditary diseases 198:Death due to disease is called 4066:Rashed AH (29 February 1992). 3758:Tuller, David (4 March 2011). 2941:"Condition, Disease, Disorder" 2667: 2634: 2608: 2578: 2552: 2525: 2394:. Authors in the 19th century 2267:post-traumatic stress disorder 1886:Geographic Information Science 1611:), one should not confuse the 1597:When a disease is caused by a 1156:In an infectious disease, the 985:is the association of several 720:conditions; however, the term 490:is the cause of some forms of 339:bacteria and yeasts in the gut 264: 255:, which includes the study of 13: 1: 4559: 4201:Span, Paula (22 April 2014). 3946:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1 2939:Sefton P (21 November 2011). 2881:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6 2844:10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00069-7 2791:10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6 2502: 2183:culture: "The Tuscan General 1931:disability-adjusted life year 1768: 1722: 1553:Social determinants of health 1520:sexually transmitted diseases 274:In many cases, terms such as 186:, isolated symptoms, deviant 5284:Human diseases and disorders 5189:Obstetric labor complication 4389:The global burden of disease 3604:, Elsevier, pp. 22–39, 3547:Emerging Infectious Diseases 3446:Olson, James Stuart (2002). 3211:Shiel WC Jr (20 June 2019). 2679:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2647:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2532:White T (19 December 2014). 2520:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 1916:years of potential life lost 1541:, and mental disorders, are 1526:or other lifestyle changes. 949:shade causes preference for 542:is a primary disease, where 232:lower respiratory infections 210:(including both genetic and 7: 4354:Centers for Disease Control 3694:"Non communicable diseases" 3672:"Non-communicable diseases" 3243:"definition of subclinical" 3090:Lenzer J (14 August 2012). 2734:McWhinney IR (April 1987). 2586:"Mental Illness – Glossary" 2405: 2021:Neuropsychiatric conditions 1943:neuropsychiatric conditions 1557:environmental circumstances 1498:Only some diseases such as 423:genetic disease or disorder 389:); the term sometimes also 269: 236:neuropsychiatric conditions 90:National Gallery of Denmark 10: 5305: 5184:Complications of pregnancy 3183:Mosby's Medical Dictionary 2396:commonly used tuberculosis 1927:quality-adjusted life year 1848: 1772: 1726: 1476: 1415: 1332: 1261: 1252: 997:at birth). Others such as 889:) can refer to either the 762:for mental illnesses. The 417:is one that is present at 55: 5248: 5230:Connective tissue disease 5215: 5202: 5179: 5151: 5133: 5120: 5102: 5079: 5066: 5053: 5025: 5007: 4989: 4871: 4796: 4567: 4447: 4394:World Health Organization 4033:Georgetown Medical Review 3698:World Health Organization 3521:World Health Organization 3278:Molecular Systems Biology 2919:National Cancer Institute 2460:Host–pathogen interaction 2370:is a common metaphor for 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1947:major depressive disorder 1920:World Health Organization 1512:insects or other carriers 1472: 1459:World Health Organization 1346: 1151: 1050:are common examples. The 778:general medical condition 508:A disease that cannot be 465:(and can run in families) 433:from the mother, such as 5220:Musculoskeletal disorder 5143:Gastrointestinal disease 4084:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521 3495:10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.005 3051:Kirch W (13 June 2008). 2536:. Tindall Gask Bentley. 2449:Developmental disability 2392:type 2 diabetes mellitus 2263:repetitive stress injury 1708:non-communicable disease 1675:– an infection, such as 959:pathophysiologic process 492:diabetes mellitus type 1 59:Disease (disambiguation) 31:latest accepted revision 4938:Microbiological culture 4568:Principles of pathology 4511:Acronym or abbreviation 4282:10.1136/jmh.2006.000253 4227:Diedrich, Lisa (2007). 4123:Martin, Judith (2005). 2691:Emson HE (April 1987). 2294:and low social status; 2248:or during the month of 2179:was a status symbol in 2079:Cardiovascular diseases 2054:motor vehicle accidents 1861:evidence-based medicine 1543:non-infectious diseases 1483:Transmission (medicine) 1042:vanguard of a disease. 1011:coronary artery disease 1003:Acute coronary syndrome 784:policies also define a 351:Non-infectious diseases 228:cerebrovascular disease 224:coronary artery disease 200:death by natural causes 88:"The Sick Girl", 1882, 5279:Diseases and disorders 5161:Female genital disease 5138:Maxillofacial disorder 5107:Cardiovascular disease 4477:Differential diagnosis 3560:10.3201/eid0505.990502 3483:Trends in Parasitology 2475:Philosophy of medicine 2192: 1640: 1619:(the pathogen) causes 1422:Medical classification 1356: 1255:Flareup (Transformers) 1171:varicella zoster virus 969:, but it explains why 815:is also a synonym for 806:autism rights movement 92: 5084:Neurological disorder 4901:Diagnostic immunology 4726:Programmed cell death 4694:Liquefactive necrosis 4068:"The fast of Ramadan" 4002:Sulik, Gayle (2010). 3517:"Disease information" 3213:"Definition of Flare" 3144:10.1093/epirev/mxr002 3130:Epidemiologic Reviews 2778:Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2470:Mitochondrial disease 2455:Environmental disease 2296:diseases of affluence 2175: 1811:Preventive healthcare 1686:communicable diseases 1638: 1601:organism (e.g., when 1354: 1282:degenerative diseases 1007:myocardial infarction 999:Parkinsonian syndrome 945:. Sometimes a slight 919:) is synonymous with 909:Pathosis or pathology 823:in critical condition 619:subclinical infection 307:homeostatic processes 87: 5225:Soft tissue disorder 5171:Male genital disease 4984:Major Disease groups 4896:Medical microbiology 4891:Transfusion medicine 4848:Immunohistochemistry 4798:Anatomical pathology 4689:Coagulative necrosis 3893:on 24 December 2010. 3856:on 2 September 2013. 2875:(Suppl 1): S112–18. 2649:for Health Consumers 2562:. WHO. 16 May 2012. 2185:Alessandro del Borro 1835:emergency department 1383:disseminated disease 1378:Disseminated disease 1318:asymptomatic disease 1097:Types by body system 1060:conflict of interest 694:functional disorders 608:; however, the term 137:autoimmune disorders 57:For other uses, see 5289:Medical terminology 5253:Congenital disorder 5194:Postpartum disorder 5125:Respiratory disease 5058:Hematologic disease 4853:Electron microscopy 4821:Molecular pathology 4699:Gangrenous necrosis 4631:Cellular adaptation 4326:, 15 December 2002) 4045:10.52504/001c.83342 3700:. 16 September 2023 3553:(5). CDC: 607–625. 3377:2011ScTEn.409.3174K 3259:The Free Dictionary 2443:Cryptogenic disease 2316:Language of disease 2288:Diseases of poverty 2168:Society and culture 1831:medical emergencies 1759:such as obligatory 1729:Preventive medicine 1672:contagious diseases 1667:Infectious diseases 1584:sedentary lifestyle 1508:Infectious diseases 1405:high blood pressure 1305:Subclinical disease 1274:Progressive disease 1270:Progressive disease 1064:over-medicalization 943:to its other senses 887:morbidity frequency 852:ICU scoring systems 726:metabolic disorders 662:, and inability to 415:congenital disorder 311:infectious diseases 208:hereditary diseases 204:deficiency diseases 21:Page version status 5040:Metabolic disorder 4881:Clinical chemistry 4873:Clinical pathology 4858:Immunofluorescence 4826:Forensic pathology 4806:Surgical pathology 4714:Fibrinoid necrosis 4456:Signs and symptoms 4207:The New York Times 3975:Fadiman A (1997). 3940:(9492): 1197–209. 3913:Gerten-Jackson C. 3764:The New York Times 3290:10.1038/msb4100163 3179:"clinical disease" 3028:. Elsevier. 2007. 3002:on 27 October 2008 2651:. Elsevier. 2007. 2622:on 25 October 2012 2305:lifestyle diseases 2193: 1904:Burdens of disease 1805:health care system 1641: 1387:metastatic disease 1357: 1297:Refractory disease 1072:benefit–cost ratio 987:signs and symptoms 973:is not invariable. 971:cognitive synonymy 935:medical literature 682:physical disorders 483:idiopathic disease 478:Idiopathic disease 473:iatrogenic disease 468:Iatrogenic disease 373:congenital disease 113:signs and symptoms 109:medical conditions 93: 27: 5266: 5265: 5112:Lymphatic disease 5030:Endocrine disease 4999:Parasitic disease 4951: 4950: 4918:Mass spectrometry 4527: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4507:Eponymous disease 4473:Medical diagnosis 4350:Health Topics A–Z 4344:Your Disease Risk 4314:"Man and Disease" 4246:978-0-8166-4697-5 4174:978-0-521-64964-3 4134:978-0-393-05874-1 4078:(6826): 521–522. 4013:978-0-19-974045-1 3988:978-0-374-52564-4 3796:on 13 August 2013 3732:978-1-900151-85-6 3621:978-0-12-803708-9 3463:978-0-8018-6936-5 3371:(17): 3174–3182. 3123:Viera AJ (2011). 3064:978-1-4020-5613-0 2981:978-0-89042-025-6 2945:AMA Style Insider 2868:Brain Behav Immun 2465:Lists of diseases 2322:illness narrative 2300:diabetes mellitus 2197:medical sociology 2187:", attributed to 2165: 2164: 1955:Disease category 1697:lifestyle disease 1658:Foodborne illness 1365:localized disease 1360:Localized disease 1214:and periodically 1158:incubation period 1118:anxiety disorders 1023:DiGeorge syndrome 875:actuarial science 813:medical condition 801:medical condition 786:medical condition 756:medical condition 754:. While the term 736:medical condition 686:genetic disorders 640:sickness behavior 636:evolved responses 576:that weakens the 557:Secondary disease 514:terminal diseases 505:Incurable disease 347:incubation period 39:19 September 2024 18: 5296: 5156:Urologic disease 4978: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4838:Gross processing 4704:Caseous necrosis 4554: 4547: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4450: 4449: 4432: 4425: 4418: 4409: 4408: 4401:The Merck Manual 4302: 4301: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4234: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4198: 4187: 4186: 4160: 4147: 4146: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4103: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4024: 4018: 4017: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3917:. Archived from 3910: 3904: 3897:DALY spreadsheet 3894: 3879: 3858: 3857: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3792:. Archived from 3778: 3772: 3771: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3652:. United Nations 3641: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3613: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3580: 3562: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3396: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3309: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3254: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3146: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2998:. Archived from 2992: 2986: 2985: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2755: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2714: 2688: 2682: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2592:. Archived from 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2529: 2523: 2512: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2415: 1952: 1951: 1863:for identifying 1816:chronic diseases 1764: 1703:Non-communicable 1649:airborne disease 1547:genetic disorder 1479:Cause (medicine) 1397:systemic disease 1392:Systemic disease 1299: 1298: 1280:; many are also 1278:chronic diseases 1221:Clinical disease 1114:major depression 1015:cause is unknown 957:implying "some 832: 831: 795:than terms like 782:health insurance 776:, uses the term 774:mental disorders 740:health condition 678:mental disorders 673: 672: 652:loss of appetite 587:Terminal disease 445:genetic disorder 421:. It is often a 368:Acquired disease 220:non-communicable 129:hypersensitivity 125:immunodeficiency 79: 72: 62: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5244: 5211: 5198: 5175: 5147: 5129: 5116: 5098: 5075: 5071:Mental disorder 5062: 5049: 5045:Immune disorder 5021: 5003: 4985: 4982: 4952: 4947: 4906:Immunopathology 4886:Hematopathology 4867: 4792: 4563: 4558: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4443: 4436: 4310: 4305: 4266: 4262: 4247: 4225: 4218: 4199: 4190: 4175: 4161: 4150: 4135: 4121: 4117: 4064: 4060: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3973: 3969: 3930: 3926: 3911: 3907: 3901:YLL spreadsheet 3881: 3880: 3861: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3756: 3752: 3733: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3642: 3638: 3622: 3598: 3594: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3270: 3266: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3205: 3192: 3190: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3065: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2863: 2859: 2838:(3–4): 443–50. 2826: 2822: 2773: 2769: 2732: 2728: 2689: 2685: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2530: 2526: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2480:Plant pathology 2432: 2425: 2420:Medicine portal 2418: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2318: 2170: 2112:Premature birth 1906: 1853: 1847: 1824:Pain management 1797:medical devices 1777: 1771: 1758: 1731: 1725: 1633: 1631:Types of causes 1621:West Nile fever 1617:West Nile virus 1485: 1475: 1424: 1416:Main articles: 1414: 1349: 1341: 1296: 1295: 1266: 1258: 1208:chronic disease 1203:Chronic disease 1154: 1099: 1048:prehypertension 1019:Turner syndrome 864:substance abuse 829: 828: 710:mental disorder 670: 669: 574:viral infection 523:Primary disease 518:quality of life 440:Genetic disease 405:chronic disease 363:genetic disease 343:passenger virus 272: 267: 190:, and atypical 160:social problems 80: 73: 63: 56: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 5302: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5166:Breast disease 5163: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4928:Flow cytometry 4925: 4923:Chromatography 4920: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4843:Histopathology 4840: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4769: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4485: 4470: 4468: 4453: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4397: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4356: 4347: 4337: 4327: 4309: 4308:External links 4306: 4304: 4303: 4260: 4245: 4216: 4188: 4173: 4148: 4133: 4115: 4058: 4019: 4012: 3994: 3987: 3967: 3924: 3921:on 2 May 2009. 3905: 3859: 3837: 3807: 3773: 3750: 3731: 3711: 3685: 3663: 3644:Al-Maskari F. 3636: 3620: 3592: 3533: 3508: 3469: 3462: 3438: 3408: 3351: 3334:britannica.com 3321: 3264: 3234: 3203: 3170: 3115: 3082: 3063: 3043: 3013: 2987: 2980: 2962: 2931: 2915:www.cancer.gov 2902: 2857: 2820: 2767: 2726: 2683: 2666: 2633: 2607: 2596:on 28 May 2010 2577: 2551: 2524: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2446: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2434:Biology portal 2423: 2407: 2404: 2317: 2314: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2081:, principally 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1909:Disease burden 1905: 1902: 1890:social science 1849:Main article: 1846: 1843: 1829:Treatment for 1773:Main article: 1770: 1767: 1727:Main article: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1704: 1701: 1693: 1690: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1645: 1632: 1629: 1588:depressed mood 1504:microorganisms 1493:Microorganisms 1474: 1471: 1413: 1412:Classification 1410: 1409: 1408: 1393: 1390: 1379: 1376: 1369:athlete's foot 1361: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1323:Terminal phase 1321: 1310:silent disease 1306: 1303: 1300: 1293: 1290:static disease 1286:stable disease 1271: 1268: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1236: 1233: 1222: 1219: 1204: 1201: 1190: 1162:latency period 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1136: 1133: 1116:, generalized 1106:Mental illness 1103: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1075: 1029: 1026: 977: 974: 961:" rather than 929:also has this 910: 907: 903:mortality rate 883:morbidity rate 867: 833: 826: 825:, for example. 809: 791:As it is more 789: 732: 729: 674: 667: 625:without being 594: 591: 588: 585: 558: 555: 524: 521: 506: 503: 479: 476: 469: 466: 459: 456: 441: 438: 411: 408: 401: 398: 383: 380: 369: 366: 299: 271: 268: 266: 263: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5301: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5259: 5258:Fetal disease 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4979: 4974: 4972: 4967: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811:Cytopathology 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4756: 4755:Accumulations 4753: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624:Wound healing 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4532: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4440:medical terms 4433: 4428: 4426: 4421: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4359:Health Topics 4357: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4223: 4221: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4015: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3825: 3821: 3820:statcan.gc.ca 3817: 3811: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3715: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3442: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3268: 3260: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3137:(1): 122–34. 3136: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3086: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3047: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2785:(2): 123–37. 2784: 2780: 2779: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2705:(8): 811–13. 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2654: 2650: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2400:transcendence 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2357:War on Cancer 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2281:social stigma 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2231:social status 2228: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2190: 2189:Andrea Sacchi 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2083:heart attacks 2080: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052:, especially 2051: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935:heart disease 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882:biostatistics 1879: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785:psychotherapy 1782: 1776: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1755:public health 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1730: 1717: 1713: 1712:Heart disease 1709: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1605:is caused by 1604: 1600: 1595: 1594:at the time. 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:heart disease 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1419: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1373:eye infection 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1340: 1336: 1335:Convalescence 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1230:HIV infection 1227: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1194:acute disease 1191: 1189:Acute disease 1188: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183:herpes zoster 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:viral latency 1163: 1159: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122:schizophrenia 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1068:overtreatment 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1009:secondary to 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991:Down syndrome 988: 984: 983: 978: 975: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 942: 936: 932: 928: 927: 922: 918: 914: 911: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 865: 861: 860:schizophrenia 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834: 827: 824: 820: 819: 818:medical state 814: 810: 807: 802: 798: 794: 793:value-neutral 790: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 766: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 730: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 668: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 579: 578:immune system 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 522: 519: 515: 511: 507: 504: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 480: 477: 474: 470: 467: 464: 460: 457: 454: 450: 446: 442: 439: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 409: 406: 402: 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 382:Acute disease 381: 378: 374: 370: 367: 364: 360: 359:heart disease 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 297: 296: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 262: 260: 259: 254: 253: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 121:immune system 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 91: 86: 82: 77: 70: 68: 60: 54: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 5240:Chondropathy 5235:Bone disease 5207:Skin disease 5035:Malnutrition 5012:Benign tumor 4913:Enzyme assay 4759: 4754: 4743:Karyorrhexis 4719:Myocytolysis 4709:Fat necrosis 4614:Inflammation 4602:Hemodynamics 4595:Pathogenesis 4574: 4505: 4488: 4471: 4463: 4454: 4400: 4388: 4321: 4276:(2): 93–99. 4273: 4269: 4263: 4230: 4206: 4164: 4124: 4118: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4003: 3997: 3977: 3970: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3919:the original 3908: 3891:the original 3886: 3854:the original 3849: 3840: 3830:21 September 3828:. Retrieved 3819: 3810: 3798:. Retrieved 3794:the original 3785: 3776: 3763: 3753: 3721: 3714: 3702:. Retrieved 3697: 3688: 3675: 3666: 3654:. Retrieved 3650:UN Chronicle 3649: 3639: 3601: 3595: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3524:. Retrieved 3520: 3511: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3448: 3441: 3429:. Retrieved 3420: 3411: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3342:. Retrieved 3333: 3324: 3284:(124): 124. 3281: 3277: 3267: 3257:– via 3251:. Retrieved 3237: 3225:. Retrieved 3216: 3206: 3198: 3191:. Retrieved 3182: 3173: 3164: 3134: 3128: 3118: 3106:. Retrieved 3095: 3085: 3073:. Retrieved 3053: 3046: 3034:. Retrieved 3025: 3016: 3004:. Retrieved 3000:the original 2990: 2971: 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2944: 2934: 2922:. Retrieved 2914: 2905: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2702: 2696: 2686: 2677: 2669: 2657:. Retrieved 2645: 2636: 2624:. Retrieved 2620:the original 2610: 2598:. Retrieved 2594:the original 2580: 2568:. Retrieved 2554: 2542:. Retrieved 2527: 2518: 2510: 2485:Rare disease 2384: 2376:chemotherapy 2365: 2361: 2349:insurrection 2326: 2319: 2304: 2285: 2275: 2259: 2239: 2220: 2216:Hmong people 2201: 2194: 1992:tuberculosis 1924: 1913: 1907: 1898: 1894: 1865:risk factors 1858: 1854: 1851:Epidemiology 1845:Epidemiology 1828: 1809: 1780: 1778: 1747:vaccinations 1732: 1684: 1670: 1625:epidemiology 1606: 1596: 1576:tuberculosis 1569: 1551: 1528: 1497: 1486: 1456: 1452: 1444: 1440:organ system 1428:pathogenesis 1425: 1339:Recuperation 1317: 1314:silent stage 1313: 1309: 1308:Also called 1289: 1285: 1264:Exacerbation 1185:(shingles). 1155: 1145:psychosocial 1031: 980: 967:denotatively 962: 954: 950: 940: 924: 920: 916: 912: 886: 882: 878: 871:epidemiology 843: 835: 822: 816: 812: 800: 796: 785: 777: 769: 763: 759: 755: 739: 735: 721: 709: 705: 701: 697: 660:hyperalgesia 626: 622: 615:asymptomatic 609: 605: 601: 597: 566:complication 536:complication 488:autoimmunity 376: 335:colonization 302: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 273: 261:, or cause. 257: 250: 248: 216:communicable 197: 172:disabilities 143: 141: 108: 96: 94: 81: 66: 53: 38: 29:This is the 23: 5094:Ear disease 5089:Eye disease 4767:Hemosiderin 4648:Hyperplasia 4643:Hypertrophy 4619:Cell damage 4396:(WHO), 2004 4363:MedlinePlus 4323:In Our Time 4318:BBC Radio 4 4270:Med Humanit 3786:aihw.gov.au 3704:14 February 3656:14 February 3526:14 February 3421:www.who.int 3227:21 December 3217:MedicineNet 3022:"morbidity" 3006:20 November 2626:12 November 2327:People use 2255:White House 2181:Renaissance 1929:(QALY) and 1839:urgent care 1789:medications 1741:, adequate 1681:common cold 1592:social ills 1533:) forms of 1198:common cold 1179:acute phase 1056:bright line 1044:Prediabetes 1036:subclinical 947:connotative 937:, although 923:. The word 877:, the term 856:Comorbidity 799:, the term 718:psychiatric 696:. 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