Prisoner of war - Knowledge

3818: 3066: 4830: 3195: 3858: 33: 2636: 6128:"But when the outcries of the lackies and boies, which ran awaie for feare of the Frenchmen thus spoiling the campe came to the kings eares, he doubting least his enimies should gather togither againe, and begin a new field; and mistrusting further that the prisoners would be an aid to his enimies, or the verie enimies to their takers in deed if they were suffered to live, contrarie to his accustomed gentleness, commended by sound of trumpet, that everie man (upon pain and death) should uncontinentlie slaie his prisoner. When this dolorous decree, and pitifull proclamation was pronounced, pitie it was to see how some Frenchmen were suddenlie sticked with daggers, some were brained with pollaxes, some slaine with malls, others had their throats cut, and some their bellies panched, so that in effect, having respect to the great number, few prisoners were saved." 2794: 3287: 77: 4349: 4854: 4109: 4085: 3074: 6045:, The University of Chicago – "Originally, captured soldiers had been made to fight with their own weapons and in their particular style of combat. It was from these conscripted prisoners of war that the gladiators acquired their exotic appearance, a distinction being made between the weapons imagined to be used by defeated enemies and those of their Roman conquerors. The Samnites (a tribe from Campania which the Romans had fought in the fourth and third centuries BC) were the prototype for Rome's professional gladiators, and it was their equipment that first was used and later adopted for the arena. Two other gladiatorial categories also took their name from defeated tribes, the Galli (Gauls) and Thraeces (Thracians)." 3757: 3558: 3874: 3894: 4217: 4360: 3834: 3784: 2421: 3803: 3047: 5094: 5283: 5335: 4556: 2329: 4027:

where food rations were meager and conditions squalid. One American admitted "The only difference between the stalags and concentration camps was that we weren't gassed or shot in the former. I do not recall a single act of compassion or mercy on the part of the Germans." Typical meals consisted of a bread slice and watery potato soup which was still more substantial than what Soviet POWs or concentration camp inmates received. Another prisoner stated that "The German plan was to keep us alive, yet weakened enough that we wouldn't attempt escape."

5314: 8944:, "American and Australian soldiers massacred Japanese prisoners of war" according to The Faraway War by Prof Richard Aldrich of Nottingham University. From the diaries of Charles Lindberg: as told by a US officer, "Oh, we could take more if we wanted to", one of the officers replied. "But our boys don't like to take prisoners." "It doesn't encourage the rest to surrender when they hear of their buddies being marched out on the flying field and machine-guns turned loose on them." On Australian soldiers attitudes 4540: 4407: 3846: 4595:

and employers resented the idle prisoners, and efforts were made to decentralise the camps and reduce security enough that more prisoners could work. By the end of May 1944, POW employment was at 72.8%, and by late April 1945 it had risen to 91.3%. The sector that made the most use of POW workers was agriculture. There was more demand than supply of prisoners throughout the war, and 14,000 POW repatriations were delayed in 1946 so prisoners could be used in the spring farming seasons, mostly to thin and block

4548: 4876:). Their POWs were housed in three camps, according to their potential usefulness to the North Korean army. Peace camps and reform camps were for POWs that were either sympathetic to the cause or who had valued skills that could be useful to the North Korean military; these enemy soldiers were indoctrinated and sometimes conscripted into the North Korean army. While POWs in peace camps were reportedly treated with more consideration, regular prisoners of war were usually tortured or treated very poorly. 3772: 3573:, the Japanese captured 350,000 POWs, of which 131,134 came from Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Of these 131,134 POWs, 35,756 died while detained, the death rate of Western prisoners was thus 27.1 per cent, seven times that of Western POWs under the Germans and Italians. The death rate of Chinese was much higher. Thus, while 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, 28,500 from the Netherlands, and 14,473 from the United States were released after the 5158: 5236: 4653:

occupation zones of Germany, as well as providing relief to the prisoners held there. On 4 February 1946, the Red Cross was also permitted to visit and assist prisoners in the US occupation zone of Germany, although only with very small quantities of food. "During their visits, the delegates observed that German prisoners of war were often detained in appalling conditions. They drew the attention of the authorities to this fact, and gradually succeeded in getting some improvements made".

4818: 2621: 3955: 3491: 11290: 4070:. He wrote about semi-starvation, the casual murder of individual prisoners by guards and how, when they were released (now from a German camp), they found a deserted German town filled with foodstuffs that they (with other released prisoners) ate.. It is estimated that of the 700,000 Italians taken prisoner by the Germans, around 40,000 died in detention and more than 13,000 lost their lives during the transportation from the Greek islands to the mainland. 4846: 2200: 2432:

the state. The European states strove to exert increasing control over all stages of captivity, from the question of who would be attributed the status of prisoner of war to their eventual release. The act of surrender was regulated so that it, ideally, should be legitimised by officers, who negotiated the surrender of their whole unit. Soldiers whose style of fighting did not conform to the battle line tactics of regular European armies, such as

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intention but they carried it out. Not only Russia made use of such labour. France was given hundreds of thousands of German prisoners of war captured by the Americans, and their physical condition became so bad that the American Army authorities themselves protested. In England and the United States, too, some German prisoners of war were being put to work long after the surrender, and in Russia thousands of them worked until the mid-50s."

4524: 5257: 5211: 5187: 2462:, French for "discourse", in which a captured officer surrendered his sword and gave his word as a gentleman in exchange for privileges. If he swore not to escape, he could gain better accommodations and the freedom of the prison. If he swore to cease hostilities against the nation who hold him captive, he could be repatriated or exchanged but could not serve against his former captors in a military capacity. 4019: 11302: 2781:(towards Soviet POWs and Western Allied commandos) were notorious for atrocities against prisoners of war. The German military used the Soviet Union's refusal to sign the Geneva Convention as a reason for not providing the necessities of life to Soviet POWs; and the Soviets also used Axis prisoners as forced labour. The Germans also routinely executed Allied commandos captured behind German lines per the 4838: 3058: 4180: 4105:, the Axis powers took 4.6 million Soviet prisoners, of whom 1.8 million were found alive in camps after the war and 318,770 were released by the Axis during the war and were then drafted into the Soviet armed forces again. By comparison, 8,348 Western Allied prisoners died in German camps during 1939–45 (3.5% of the 232,000 total). 3817: 2543:

to the prison to ensure it was of sufficient quality. Despite the generous supply and quality of food, some prisoners died of starvation after gambling away their rations. Most of the men held in the prison were low-ranking soldiers and sailors, including midshipmen and junior officers, with a small number of

4883:. The Chinese hoped to gain worldwide publicity, and while some prisoners refused to participate, some 500 POWs of eleven nationalities took part. They came from all the North Korean prison camps and competed in football, baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, track and field, soccer, gymnastics, and 2606:, even while the belligerents were at war. A cartel was usually arranged by the respective armed service for the exchange of like-ranked personnel. The aim was to achieve a reduction in the number of prisoners held, while at the same time alleviating shortages of skilled personnel in the home country. 3920:

After the French armies surrendered in summer 1940, Germany seized two million French prisoners of war and sent them to camps in Germany. About one third were released on various terms. Of the remainder, the officers and non-commissioned officers were kept in camps and did not work. The privates were

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was particularly high. Gavan Daws has calculated that "of all POWs who died in the Pacific War, one in three was killed on the water by friendly fire". Daws states that 10,800 of the 50,000 POWs shipped by the Japanese were killed at sea while Donald L. Miller states that "approximately 21,000 Allied

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During the 19th century, there were increased efforts to improve the treatment and processing of prisoners. As a result of these emerging conventions, a number of international conferences were held, starting with the Brussels Conference of 1874, with nations agreeing that it was necessary to prevent

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was intended to be a model depot providing the most humane treatment of prisoners of war. The British government went to great lengths to provide food of a quality at least equal to that available to locals. The senior officer from each quadrangle was permitted to inspect the food as it was delivered

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In line with this development the treatment of prisoners of war became increasingly regulated in international treaties, particularly in the form of the so-called cartel system, which regulated how the exchange of prisoners would be carried out between warring states. Another such treaty was the 1648

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In Europe, the treatment of prisoners of war became increasingly centralised, in the time period between the 16th and late 18th century. Whereas prisoners of war had previously been regarded as the private property of the captor, captured enemy soldiers became increasingly regarded as the property of

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and declared war on Germany, the United States initially made plans to send Italian POWs back to fight Germany. Ultimately though, the government decided instead to loosen POW work requirements prohibiting Italian prisoners from carrying out war-related work. About 34,000 Italian POWs were active in

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In February 1944, 59.7% of POWs in America were employed. This relatively low percentage was due to problems setting wages that would not compete against those of non-prisoners, to union opposition, as well as concerns about security, sabotage, and escape. Given national manpower shortages, citizens

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In accordance with Article 27 of the Geneva Convention, the POWs were used in various productive activities. In return for providing work, the prisoners were granted payment and accommodation, as well as free time for cleaning, rest, and religious or other activities by their employers, according to

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Between 1941 and 1945 the Axis powers took about 5.7 million Soviet prisoners. About one million of them were released during the war, in that their status changed but they remained under German authority. A little over 500,000 either escaped or were liberated by the Red Army. Some 930,000 more

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Information on conditions in the stalags is contradictory depending on the source. Some American POWs claimed the Germans were victims of circumstance and did the best they could, while others accused their captors of brutalities and forced labour. In any case, the prison camps were miserable places

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was suspended, Confederate officials approached Union General Benjamin Butler, Union Commissioner of Exchange, about resuming the cartel and including the black prisoners. Butler contacted Grant for guidance on the issue, and Grant responded to Butler on 18 August 1864 with his now famous statement.

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made it the responsibility of the Islamic government to provide food and clothing, on a reasonable basis, to captives, regardless of their religion; however, if the prisoners were in the custody of a person, then the responsibility was on the individual. On certain occasions where Muhammad felt the

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until mid-1947 by the Allies. The JSP were used until 1947 for labour purposes, such as road maintenance, recovering corpses for reburial, cleaning, and preparing farmland. Early tasks also included repairing airfields damaged by Allied bombing during the war and maintaining law and order until the

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For correspondence with their families, the prisoners were provided with postcards. However, most of these were not used as the POWs feared reprisals from the Soviet authorities upon learning that they were prisoners in Romania. The punishment of POWs in the Romanian camps was applied following the

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in 1918. The US held 48,000. The most dangerous moment for POWs was the act of surrender, when helpless soldiers were sometimes killed or mistakenly shot down. Once prisoners reached a POW camp conditions were better (and often much better than in World War II), thanks in part to the efforts of the

4664:. Although the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention, the U.S. chose to hand over several hundred thousand German prisoners to the Soviet Union in May 1945 as a "gesture of friendship". U.S. forces also refused to accept the surrender of German troops attempting to surrender to them in 3577:, the number for the Chinese was only 56. The 27,465 US Army POWs captured in the Pacific Theater, including Filipinos, had a 40.4 per cent death rate. The War Ministry in Tokyo issued an order at the end of the war allowing local commanders to kill remaining POWs without formal orders from Tokyo. 3027:

In 2000, the U.S. military replaced the designation "Prisoner of War" for captured American personnel with "Missing-Captured". A January 2008 directive states that the reasoning behind this is since "Prisoner of War" is the international legal recognised status for such people there is no need for

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At the start of the American Civil War a system of paroles operated. Captives agreed not to fight until they were officially exchanged. Meanwhile, they were held in camps run by their own army where they were paid but not allowed to perform any military duties. The system of exchanges collapsed in

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in 1415. This was done in retaliation for the French killing of the boys and other non-combatants handling the baggage and equipment of the army, and because the French were attacking again and Henry was afraid that they would break through and free the prisoners who would rejoin the fight against

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pilots and observers were captured in the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine and the Levant. One third of all Australian prisoners were captured on Gallipoli including the crew of the submarine AE2 which made a passage through the Dardanelles in 1915. Forced marches and crowded railway journeys preceded

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After the surrender of Germany in May 1945, the POW status of the German prisoners was in many cases maintained, and they were for several years used as public labourers in countries such as the UK and France. Many died when forced to clear minefields in countries such as Norway and France. "By

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In September 1943 after the Armistice, Italian officers and soldiers in many places waiting for orders were arrested by Germans and Italian fascists and taken to internment camps in Germany or Eastern Europe, where they were held for the duration of the war. The International Red Cross could do

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There was much harsh treatment of POWs in Germany, as recorded by the American ambassador (prior to America's entry into the war), James W. Gerard, who published his findings in "My Four Years in Germany". Even worse conditions are reported in the book "Escape of a Princess Pat" by the Canadian

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During World War I, about eight million men surrendered and were held in POW camps until the war ended. All nations pledged to follow the Hague rules on fair treatment of prisoners of war, and in general the POWs had a much higher survival rate than their peers who were not captured. Individual

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When a military member is taken prisoner, the Code of Conduct reminds them that the chain of command is still in effect (the highest ranking service member eligible for command, regardless of service branch, is in command), and requires them to support their leadership. The Code of Conduct also

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Eugene Davidsson, "The Trial of the Germans: An Account of the Twenty-Two Defendants Before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg", (1997) pp. 518–519 "the Allies stated in 1943 their intention of using forced workers outside Germany after the war, and not only did they express the

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After the German surrender, the International Red Cross was prohibited from providing aid, such as food or prisoner visits, to POW camps in Germany. However, after making appeals to the Allies in the autumn of 1945, the Red Cross was allowed to investigate the camps in the British and French

4192:, the organisations leading the camps were to permanently control how the prisoners were accommodated, cared for, fed, and used. Due to some problems that arose with the food allowance in 1942, it was decided that the prisoners were to be fed like the Romanian troops, with an allocated 30 7591: 8626:

Views in the Media were mirrored in the House of commons, where the arguments were characterized by a series of questions, the substance of which were always the same. Here too the talk was often of slave labour, and this debate was not laid to rest until the government announced its

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Prisoners of war from China, the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Japanese-occupied Asia, held by Japanese imperial armed forces were subject to murder, torture, beatings, extrajudicial punishment, brutal treatment,

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have done or are doing some of the very things we are prosecuting the Germans for. The French are so violating the Geneva Convention in the treatment of prisoners of war that our command is taking back prisoners sent to them. We are prosecuting plunder and our Allies are practising

4144:. Until August 1944, 5,221 Soviet prisoners died in Romanian camps mainly to disease during winter. The POWs were treated according to the 1929 Geneva Convention, which was ratified by Romania on 15 September 1931. Initially, the prisoners were held in five POW camps in 2825:. (The Convention recognises a few other groups as well, such as "nhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into regular armed units".) 4001:. Berga was the deadliest work detachment for American captives in Germany. 73 men who participated, or 21 percent of the detachment, perished in two months. 80 of the 350 POWs were Jews." Another well-known example was a group of 168 Australian, British, Canadian, 3947:, which had been signed by these countries. Consequently, western Allied officers were not usually made to work and some personnel of lower rank were usually compensated, or not required to work either. The main complaints of western Allied prisoners of war in 9601:

Bligh, Alexander. 2015. "The 1973 War and the Formation of Israeli POW Policy – A Watershed Line? ". In Udi Lebel and Eyal Lewin (eds.), The 1973 Yom Kippur War and the Reshaping of Israeli Civil–Military Relations. Washington, DC: Lexington Books (2015),

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DOD's POW/MIA Mission: Capability and Capacity to Account for Missing Persons Undermined by Leadership Weaknesses and Fragmented Organizational Structure: Testimony before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of

2187:, who were held in his town under appalling conditions and destined for a life of slavery, took the initiative in ransoming them by selling his church's precious gold and silver vessels and letting them return to their country. For this he was eventually 3164:

217 Australian and unknown numbers of British, New Zealand and Indian soldiers were captured by Ottoman forces. About 50 per cent of the Australian prisoners were light horsemen including 48 missing believed captured on 1 May 1918 in the Jordan Valley.

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on what the officers believed were private casual conversations. Much of the listening was carried out by German refugees, in many cases Jews. The work of these refugees in contributing to the Allied victory was declassified over half a century later.

4579:, of the roughly 1,000 US combat veterans he had interviewed, only one admitted to shooting a prisoner, saying he "felt remorse, but would do it again". However, one-third of interviewees told him they had seen fellow US troops kill German prisoners. 7803:(p. 290)—"2.8 million young, healthy Soviet POWs" killed by the Germans, "mainly by starvation ... in less than eight months" of 1941–42, before "the decimation of Soviet POWs ... was stopped" and the Germans "began to use them as laborers". 4247:. After Marshal Antonescu's visits, a new camp was to be set up, and the prisoners were to be treated according to the Geneva Convention. In September, all 110 POWs were transferred to the villas belonging to the Brașov and Giurgiu City Halls at 2157:

Typically, victors made little distinction between enemy combatants and enemy civilians, although they were more likely to spare women and children. Sometimes the purpose of a battle, if not of a war, was to capture women, a practice known as

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Regardless of regulations determining treatment of prisoners, violations of their rights continue to be reported. Many cases of POW massacres have been reported in recent times, including the murder of Israeli prisoners of war in the 1973

4887:. For the POWs, this was also an opportunity to meet with friends from other camps. The prisoners had their own photographers, announcers, and even reporters, who after each day's competition published a newspaper, the "Olympic Roundup". 3017:

requires service members to resist giving information to the enemy (beyond identifying themselves, that is, "name, rank, serial number"), receiving special favours or parole, or otherwise providing their enemy captors aid and comfort.

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Bligh, Alexander. 2014. "The development of Israel's POW policy: The 1967 War as a test case", Paper presented at the Seventh Annual ASMEA Conference: Searching for Balance in the Middle East and Africa (Washington, D.C., 31 October

4757:(NRA) included suspending prisoners by the neck in wooden cages until they died. In very rare cases, some were beheaded by sword, and a severed head was once used as a football by Chinese National Revolutionary Army (NRA) soldiers. 4123:, signatory countries had to give POWs of all signatory and non-signatory countries the rights assigned by the convention. Shortly after the German invasion in 1941, the USSR made Berlin an offer of a reciprocal adherence to the 8759:

Edward N. Peterson, The American Occupation of Germany, pp. 42, 116, "Some hundreds of thousands who had fled to the Americans to avoid being taken prisoner by the Soviets were turned over in May to the Red Army in a gesture of

4255:). The excellent living conditions at the camp earned it the nickname "gilded cage", with the prisoners describing it as "probably the best prison camp in the world". The treatment of the Allied POWs was overlooked by Princess 3989:

A small number of Allied personnel were sent to concentration camps, for a variety of reasons including being Jewish. As the US historian Joseph Robert White put it: "An important exception ... is the sub-camp for U.S. POWs at

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became POWs of the Western Allies. Some of these were, like the Germans, used as forced labour in France after the cessation of hostilities. After the war, Hungarian POWs were handed over to the Soviets and transported to the

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any individual country to follow suit. This change remains relatively unknown even among experts in the field and "Prisoner of War" remains widely used in the Pentagon which has a "POW/Missing Personnel Office" and awards the

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to serve as a moral code for United States service members who have been taken prisoner. It was created primarily in response to the breakdown of leadership and organisation, specifically when U.S. forces were POWs during the

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is quoted: "Japanese are still being shot all over the place", "The necessity for capturing them has ceased to worry anyone. Nippo soldiers are just so much machine-gun practice. Too many of our soldiers are tied up guarding

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years in camps where disease, poor diet and inadequate medical facilities prevailed. About 25 per cent of other ranks died, many from malnutrition, while only one officer died. The most curious case came in Russia where the

4634:. In 1947, the Ministry of Agriculture argued against repatriation of working German prisoners, since by then they made up 25 per cent of the land workforce, and it wanted to continue having them work in the UK until 1948. 2739:, meaning it is a war crime by the detaining power to deprive the rights afforded to them by the Third Convention's provisions. Article 17 of the Third Geneva Convention states that POWs can only be required to give their 3873: 5025:. A large number of surviving Croatian or Bosnian POWs described the conditions in Serbian concentration camps as similar to those in Germany in World War II, including regular beatings, torture and random executions. 4477:

Stories that circulated during the Cold War claimed 23,000 Americans held in German POW camps had been seized by the Soviets and never been repatriated. The claims had been perpetuated after the release of people like

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and used the coffins for firewood. Food was scarce and prisoners resorted to eating horses, cats, dogs or even human flesh. The bad conditions inside the graveyard contributed to a city-wide epidemic after the battle.

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At the end of the war in 1918 there were believed to be 140,000 British prisoners of war in Germany, including thousands of internees held in neutral Switzerland. The first British prisoners were released and reached

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the contracts signed with the commanders of the prison camps. The main workplaces for prisoners were in agriculture and industrial enterprises, but also in forestry, civil works, and in service of the POW camps.

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We are thankful that this longed for day has arrived, & that back in the old Country you will be able once more to enjoy the happiness of a home & to see good days among those who anxiously look for your

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long distances towards central Germany, often in extreme winter weather conditions. It is estimated that, out of 257,000 POWs, about 80,000 were subject to such marches and up to 3,500 of them died as a result.

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The United States handed over 740,000 German prisoners to France, which was a Geneva Convention signatory but which used them as forced labourers. Newspapers reported that the POWs were being mistreated; Judge

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In 1946, the UK held over 400,000 German POWs, many having been transferred from POW camps in the US and Canada. They were employed as labourers to compensate for the lack of manpower in Britain, as a form of

4722:, a Hungarian soldier taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1944, was discovered in a Russian psychiatric hospital in 2000. It is likely that he was the last prisoner of war from World War II to be repatriated. 3921:

sent out to work. About half of them worked for German agriculture, where food supplies were adequate and controls were lenient. The others worked in factories or mines, where conditions were much harsher.

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In the winter of 1941/1942, the conditions of the POW camps were unsatisfactory, leading to the deaths of prisoners due to various diseases. The conditions were improved in 1942 when, by order of Marshal

2538:. The average prison population was about 5,500 men. The lowest number recorded was 3,300 in October 1804 and 6,272 on 10 April 1810 was the highest number of prisoners recorded in any official document. 4944:

As in previous conflicts, speculation existed, without evidence, that a handful of American pilots captured during the Korean and Vietnam wars were transferred to the Soviet Union and never repatriated.

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George Pearson. It was particularly bad in Russia, where starvation was common for prisoners and civilians alike; a quarter of the over 2 million POWs held there died. Nearly 375,000 of the 500,000

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He rejected the offer, stating in essence, that the Union could afford to leave their men in captivity, the Confederacy could not. After that about 56,000 of the 409,000 POWs died in prisons during the

4749:, fewer than 1,000 remained alive at battle's end. Japanese prisoners of war sent to camps fared well; however, some were killed when attempting to surrender or were massacred just after doing so (see 2351:

famously distinguished between cities or towns that surrendered (where the population was spared but required to support the conquering Mongol army) and those that resisted (in which case the city was

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inhumane treatment of prisoners and the use of weapons causing unnecessary harm. Although no agreements were immediately ratified by the participating nations, work was continued that resulted in new

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surrendered in 1915, 20,000 Russians became prisoners. Over half the Russian losses were prisoners as a proportion of those captured, wounded or killed. About 3.3 million men became prisoners.

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Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 p. 189, (footnote, referenced to:

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Although thousands of Japanese servicemembers were taken prisoner of war, most fought until they were killed or committed suicide. Of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers present at the beginning of the

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describes Trojan and Greek soldiers offering rewards of wealth to opposing forces who have defeated them on the battlefield in exchange for mercy, but their offers are not always accepted; see

5848: 4176:. As the frontline moved further away, the captured prisoners were given to German POW camps, and then they were transferred to Romanian ones after requests from the Romanian authorities. 4101:

in the summer of 1941 and the following spring, 2.8 million of the 3.2 million Soviet prisoners taken died while in German hands. According to Russian military historian General

3739:. Human hair was often used for brushes, plant juices and blood for paint, toilet paper as the "canvas". Some of their works were used as evidence in the trials of Japanese war criminals. 9215:"Were Korean War POWs Sent to U.S.S.R? New Evidence Surfaces: Probe: Former Marine corporal spent 33 months as a prisoner and was interrogated by Soviet agents who thought he was a pilot" 3237:

had to write a report on the circumstances of their capture and to ensure that they had done all they could to avoid capture. Each returning officer and man was given a message from King

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Footnote to: K. W. Bohme, Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges, 15 vols. (Munich, 1962–74), 1, pt. 1:x. (n. 1 above), 13:173; ICRC (n. 12 above), p. 334.

6599:"Myth: General Ulysses S. Grant stopped the prisoner exchange, and is thus responsible for all of the suffering in Civil War prisons on both sides – Andersonville National Historic Site" 6948: 5783: 9382: 8937: 7617: 3226:

and sent across Allied lines without any food or shelter. This created difficulties for the receiving Allies and many ex-prisoners died from exhaustion. The released POWs were met by

8773:, Die deutschen Nachkriegsverluste unter Vertriebenen, Gefangenen und Verschleppter: mit einer übersicht über die europäischen Nachkriegsverluste (Munich and Berlin, 1988), pp. 36f.) 7245: 4873: 2917:

personnel as separatist rebels. However, guerrillas and other irregular combatants generally cannot expect to receive benefits from both civilian and military status simultaneously.

8469: 7268:"An excellent reference for Japan and the treatment of US Airmen Pows is Toru Fukubayashi, "Allied Aircraft and Airmen Lost over Japanese Mainland" 20 May 2007. (PDF File 20 pages)" 6541: 5066:

This section lists nations with the highest number of POWs since the start of World War II and ranked by descending order. These are also the highest numbers in any war since the

3756: 2452:. This treaty established the rule that prisoners of war should be released without ransom at the end of hostilities and that they should be allowed to return to their homelands. 4990:, American, British, Italian, and Kuwaiti POWs (mostly crew members of downed aircraft and special forces) were tortured by the Iraqi secret police. An American military doctor, 4983:, prisoners were well-treated in general by both sides, with military commanders dispatching enemy prisoners back to their homelands in record time following the end of the war. 3222:

On 13 December 1918, the armistice was extended and the Allies reported that by 9 December 264,000 prisoners had been repatriated. A very large number of these had been released

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Tremblay, Robert, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, et al. "Histoires oubliées – Interprogrammes : Des prisonniers spéciaux" Interlude. Aired: 20 July 2008, 14h47 to 15h00.

4805:, the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the USSR. The interpretation of this agreement resulted in the forcible repatriation of all Soviets ( 8738: 8707: 10897: 6199: 3893: 8324:(Военнопленные в СССР. 1939–1956: Документы и материалы Науч.-исслед. ин-т проблем экон. истории ХХ века и др.; Под ред. М.М. Загорулько. – М.: Логос, 2000. – 1118 с.: ил.) 8287: 4958: 9528: 4656:

POWs were also transferred among the Allies, with for example 6,000 German officers transferred from Western Allied camps to the Soviets and subsequently imprisoned in the

3065: 10094: 3024:, the official U.S. military term for enemy POWs is EPW (Enemy Prisoner of War). This name change was introduced in order to distinguish between enemy and U.S. captives. 6056: 4829: 2770:, in particular concerning the right of prisoners of war and internees to send and receive letters and cards (Geneva Convention (GC) III, art. 71 and GC IV, art. 107). 4204:

regulations of the Romanian Army. Executions by firing squad were few. The escapees who were caught and did not commit any acts of sabotage or espionage were tried by

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were found alive in camps after the war. The remaining 3.3 million prisoners (57.5% of the total captured) died during their captivity. Between the launching of

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An improvised camp for Soviet POWs. Between June 1941 and January 1942, the Nazis killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet prisoners of war, whom they viewed as "

5803: 4423: 4119:

The Germans officially justified their policy on the grounds that the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention. Legally, however, under article 82 of the

3833: 6038: 3802: 9414: 3248:

During these many months of trial, the early rescue of our gallant Officers & Men from the cruelties of their captivity has been uppermost in our thoughts.

10745: 10036: 7019: 6598: 4322: 3230:

troops and sent back through the lines in lorries to reception centres where they were refitted with boots and clothing and dispatched to the ports in trains.

6681: 4015:("terrorist aviators") or these aircrews were classified as spies, because they had been disguised as civilians or enemy soldiers when they were apprehended. 9065: 6633: 4954: 3845: 3299: 3194: 10060: 8090: 10054: 10024: 8379: 6803: 5778: 3783: 2222:(later canonised as the city's patron saint) pleaded with the Frankish king for the welfare of prisoners of war and met with a favourable response. Later, 9941: 9890:(University Press of Kansas; 2010); 278 pages; Argues that the US military has failed to incorporate lessons on POW policy from each successive conflict. 9157: 8195: 7267: 6919: 6818: 2547:. About 100 senior officers and some civilians "of good social standing", mainly passengers on captured ships and the wives of some officers, were given 7583: 3554:, Italian soldiers and civilians in East Asia were taken as prisoners of war by Japanese armed forces and subject to the same conditions as other POWs. 11339: 8319: 7068: 2471: 9360: 4599:

in the west. While some in Congress wanted to extend POW labour beyond June 1946, President Truman rejected this, leading to the end of the program.

2363:: "all the people, both men and women, were driven out onto the plain, and divided in accordance with their usual custom, then they were all slain". 9222: 9183: 7085: 6655: 6466:'In Cartellen wird der Werth eines Gefangenen bestimmet', in In der Hand des Feindes: Kriegsgefangenschaft von der Antike bis zum zweiten Weltkrieg 5863: 4208:

and sentenced to prison terms from 3-6 months to several years. After 23 August 1944, the Soviet POWs were handed over to the Soviet headquarters.

3570: 2773:

However, nations vary in their dedication to following these laws, and historically the treatment of POWs has varied greatly. During World War II,

10120: 8804: 8676: 8495: 8452: 8224: 7692: 4009:; two of the POWs died at Buchenwald. Two possible reasons have been suggested for this incident: German authorities wanted to make an example of 2502:. Some Native Americans continued to capture Europeans and use them both as labourers and bargaining chips into the 19th century; see for example 32: 10083: 8945: 8560:

S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II" The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 66, No. 3. (September 1994), pp. 487–520.

8165: 8013: 4482:. Careful scholarly studies demonstrated that this was a myth based on the misinterpretation of a telegram about Soviet prisoners held in Italy. 4375:, where the Soviets captured 91,000 German troops in total (completely exhausted, starving and sick), of whom only 5,000 survived the captivity. 3245:

The Queen joins me in welcoming you on your release from the miseries & hardships, which you have endured with so much patience and courage.

2866:, or more properly they are not combatants. Captured soldiers who do not get prisoner of war status are still protected like civilians under the 9562: 7413: 6495: 5968: 4972:, which ended in Indian victory and the capture of 93,000 Pakistani POWs, they were later slowly repatriated in a deal with Pakistani President 2962:

When a country is responsible for breaches of prisoner of war rights, those accountable will be punished accordingly. An example of this is the

10048: 7844: 7813: 5853: 5173: 5058:

using electrocution, beatings, and sexual abuse. Both sides of the conflict forced prisoners to be naked at times as a humiliating punishment.

4711: 4649:

used during and immediately after the war to interrogate prisoners before sending them to prison camps, was subject to allegations of torture.

4079: 2404:

enemy had broken a treaty with the Muslims he endorsed the mass execution of male prisoners who participated in battles, as in the case of the

2392:. Christians captured during the Crusades were usually either killed or sold into slavery if they could not pay a ransom. During his lifetime ( 2297: 9961: 7557: 6956: 4630:. A public debate ensued in the UK over the treatment of German prisoners of war, with many in Britain comparing the treatment to the POWs to 2635: 9785: 8640: 8531: 4622:

September 1945 it was estimated by the French authorities that two thousand prisoners were being maimed and killed each month in accidents".

4450: 4318: 4310: 9006: 8987: 8934: 6281: 6003: 9784:(University Press of Kentucky, 2010); 468 pages; Sources include American soldiers' own narratives of their experiences guarding POWs plus 7642: 7253: 5808: 5067: 4922: 4572: 4513: 4326: 4314: 4120: 3944: 3511: 2709: 2592: 8477: 2793: 11305: 10877: 8959: 4750: 4491: 4330: 3102: 2821:, wear a "fixed distinctive marking, visible from a distance", bear arms openly, and have conducted military operations according to the 10109: 7141:

Ferguson, Niall (2004), "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat",

3182:

army) who were released and armed to fight on the side of the Entente, who briefly served as a military and diplomatic force during the

10919: 6848: 4505: 2994: 2862:

generally do not qualify because they do not fulfill the criteria of Additional Protocol I. Therefore, they fall under the category of

2809:

entitled to combatant's privilege—which gives them immunity from punishment for crimes constituting lawful acts of war such as killing

9750:

Rennbahn: Trente-deux mois de captivité en Allemagne 1914–1917 Souvenirs d'un soldat belge, étudiant à l'université libre de Bruxelles

9321: 7993: 7317: 2959:

In addition, if wounded or sick on the battlefield, the prisoner will receive help from the International Committee of the Red Cross.

11686: 10998: 10780: 8822: 8715: 4661: 4606:(DEF) so as not to treat prisoners as POWs. A lot of these soldiers were kept in open fields in makeshift camps in the Rhine valley ( 4509: 3708:

Allied POW camps and ship-transports became accidental targets of Allied attacks. The number of deaths which occurred when Japanese "

2643: 10142: 10066: 4753:). In some instances, Japanese prisoners of war were tortured through a variety of methods. A method of torture used by the Chinese 11358:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

8259: 6716: 5140:

Over 4.5 million taken by the Western Allies before the formal surrender of Germany, another three million after the surrender

3930: 3771: 2937: 1000: 10042: 8284: 8145: 8028: 7111: 6769: 3286: 2072:

Belligerents hold prisoners of war in custody for a range of legitimate and illegitimate reasons, such as isolating them from the

11591: 11069: 10169: 9532: 7870: 7384: 6505: 5818: 5768: 5398: 3915: 1427: 7191: 11392: 11332: 11194: 9239: 4925:

and subjected them to mistreatment and torture. Some American prisoners of war were held in the prison known to US POWs as the

4822: 4789:

1944 and 1945 on 66 US military installations, performing support roles such as quartermaster, repair, and engineering work as

6220: 6064: 2319:; their families would have to send to their captors large sums of wealth commensurate with the social status of the captive. 9921: 9909: 9731: 9141: 8787: 8612: 8423: 8116: 7914: 7854: 7300: 6448: 5944: 5671: 4778: 4567:

During the war, the armies of Western Allied nations such as Australia, Canada, the UK and the US were given orders to treat

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servicemen (excluding Japanese), of whom more than a million died. One specific example is that of the German POWs after the

4348: 4267: 2906: 9091: 8918: 6001:

Wickham, Jason (2014) The Enslavement of War Captives by the Romans up to 146 BC, University of Liverpool PhD Dissertation.

11560: 11208: 9926:

Richard D. Wiggers, "The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War",

9307: 7744: 6527: 6196: 9022:

Insolvibile Isabella, Wops. I prigionieri italiani in Gran Bretagna, Naples, Italy, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2012,

8853: 3233:

Upon arrival at the receiving camp the POWs were registered and "boarded" before being dispatched to their own homes. All

11765: 11719: 11671: 11442: 11293: 10708: 7660: 6078: 6026:

Wickham 2014 notes that for Roman warfare the outcome of capture could lead to release, ransom, execution or enslavement.

3526:, because the Japanese viewed surrender as dishonorable. Moreover, according to a directive ratified on 5 August 1937 by 2388:

of 622–750, Muslims routinely captured large numbers of prisoners. Aside from those who converted, most were ransomed or

2352: 1783: 76: 9947: 9588:"Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century", Greenhill Books, London, 1997, G. F. Krivosheev, editor. 9583: 9257: 7774: 6035: 4853: 4108: 11273: 11152: 10010: 9996: 9979: 9027: 8358: 7528: 7503: 7364: 6826: 6582: 6500: 6423: 6314: 4602:

Towards the end of the war in Europe, as large numbers of Axis soldiers surrendered, the US created the designation of

4263: 2828:

Thus, uniforms and badges are important in determining prisoner-of-war status under the Third Geneva Convention. Under

2477: 1978: 1756: 371: 4833:

Captured Chinese soldiers beg for their lives to a South Korean soldier, thinking they are going to be executed, 1951.

11325: 11243: 11094: 10819: 10637: 10585: 9829: 9804: 9775: 9702: 9687: 9642: 9596: 9515: 9490: 9455: 9422: 9392: 9170: 9133: 8892: 8746: 8351: 8329: 8212: 7959: 7467: 7446: 6936: 6390: 6181: 6147: 6116: 5580: 4124: 4084: 3705:. Escapes among Caucasian prisoners were almost impossible because of the difficulty of hiding in Asiatic societies. 3515: 1432: 10115: 7640:

Joseph Robert White, 2006, "Flint Whitlock. Given Up for Dead: American GIs in the Nazi Concentration Camp at Berga"

7017: 4994:, a 37-year-old flight surgeon captured when her Blackhawk UH-60 was shot down, was also subjected to sexual abuse. 3290:

Jewish USSR POW captured by German Army, August 1941. At least 50,000 Jewish soldiers were executed after selection.

2476:

Early historical narratives of captured European settlers, including perspectives of literate women captured by the

11755: 10803: 9854: 9680:

The Escape Artist: An WW2 Australian prisoner's chronicle of life in German POW camps and his eight escape attempts

5828: 4657: 2374: 2080:

them in an orderly manner after hostilities), demonstrating military victory, punishing them, prosecuting them for

1510: 24: 9665:

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol. VII The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine

9069: 9039: 7054:

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol. VII The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine

6625: 4266:, a new camp was set up in Bucharest. Camp No. 13 from Bucharest was initially located within the barracks of the 11257: 11250: 10982: 10594: 8310: 8094: 5833: 5405: 4934: 4434:' 80,000 evacuees from the Soviet Union in the United Kingdom, only 310 volunteered to return to Poland in 1947. 3215:

and a large reception camp was established at Dover capable of housing 40,000 men, which could later be used for

3073: 3041: 2615: 1855: 1493: 1280: 125: 8376: 3557: 11724: 11621: 11377: 11173: 7274: 4761: 4745:, over 20,000 were killed and only 216 were taken prisoner of war. Of the 30,000 Japanese troops that defended 4052: 3808: 3238: 2763: 1619: 10072: 7714: 7429:

Based on data in "Horyo Saishū Ronkoku Fuzoku-sho 'B'", Kykutō Kokusai Gunji Saiben No. 337, February 19,1948.

4937:

and badly treated. After the war, millions of South Vietnamese servicemen and government workers were sent to

10717: 9877: 6602: 5909:– "Captives taken in war have been called prisoners since mid-14c.; phrase prisoner of war dates from 1630s". 5566: 4306: 4290: 4113: 4006: 2914: 2731:. It applies from the moment a prisoner is captured until his or her release or repatriation. Under the 1949 2378: 2036: 1483: 10104: 10078: 9130:

An American Dream: The Life of an African American Soldier and POW who Spent Twelve Years in Communist China

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Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941–31 December 1946,

7065: 4582:

In Britain, German prisoners, particularly higher-ranked officers, were housed in luxurious buildings where

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1863 when the Confederacy refused to exchange black prisoners. In the late summer of 1864, a year after the

11661: 10961: 10099: 8141: 5940: 5734: 5419: 3958:

Representation of a "Forty-and-eight" boxcar used to transport American POWs in Germany during World War II

3161: 2660:, accounting for nearly 10% of the conflict's fatalities. Of the 45,000 Union prisoners of war confined in 1973: 677: 437: 10131: 6698: 3514:, did not treat prisoners of war in accordance with international agreements, including provisions of the 11487: 11397: 10162: 9331: 9214: 8448: 7089: 6659: 5896: 5843: 5114:

He also believes that there were men who actually died as POWs amongst those listed as missing-in-action.

5051: 4938: 4754: 4568: 4368: 4066:

was among those interned and wrote about this time in his life. The book was translated and published as

3793: 3083: 2492:, and had lasting influence on the body of early American literature, most notably through the legacy of 2168:

involved, according to tradition, a large mass-abduction by the founders of Rome. Typically women had no

1983: 1170: 972: 843: 381: 9782:

The Enemy in Our Hands: America's Treatment of Prisoners of War From the Revolution to the War on Terror

8800: 8232: 6879:

Years later Several ex POWS identified themselves (Ref: AMerican Legion Monthly Magazine September 1927)

5112:

maintains that it seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one million died in Soviet custody.

5032:, Yang Chen and Shih Liang. The two were imprisoned as spies for three years before being interned in a 4872:, the North Koreans developed a reputation for severely mistreating and torturing prisoners of war (see 4359: 11364: 11159: 11138: 10766: 10653: 10221: 9569: 9326: 8673: 8506: 8442: 8295: 7066:

The Postal History Society 1936–2011 – 75th anniversary display to the Royal Philatelic Society, London

5650: 5629: 5482: 4969: 4274:

on St. Ecaterina Street. In June 1944, the non-commissioned officers were transferred to a wing of the

4059: 4048: 3262:

While the Allied prisoners were sent home at the end of the war, the same treatment was not granted to

2910: 2624: 2584: 1447: 8169: 7410: 4777:

and became an Allied co-belligerent. This did not change the status of many Italian POWs, retained in

3550:. After 20 March 1943, the Imperial Navy was ordered to kill prisoners of war taken at sea. After the 11760: 11750: 11709: 11651: 11044: 10954: 10912: 10126: 9957: 9901: 9895: 9789: 9635:

We We're Each Other's Prisoners: An Oral History of World War II American and German Prisoners of War

8601:

Inge Weber-Newth; Johannes-Dieter Steinert (2006). "Chapter 2: Immigration policy—immigrant policy".

6519: 5980: 5858: 5601: 5489: 5268: 5006: 4965: 4419: 4216: 3481: 2877:

armed conflicts. The application of prisoner of war status in non-international armed conflicts like

2555:

although some further afield. They were afforded the courtesy of their rank within English society.

2531: 2420: 1557: 1065: 414: 288: 142: 10136: 9591:"Keine Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht und die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945", Dietz, Bonn 1997, 8578:

Renate Held, "Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in britischer Hand – ein Überblick (in German)" (2008)

7821: 11666: 11631: 11576: 11462: 11005: 10449: 10255: 9617: 9502:

Kurt W. Böhme: "Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in Jugoslawien", Band I/1 der Reihe: Kurt W. Böhme,

8204: 7561: 7209: 5923: 5573: 5454: 4378:

German soldiers were kept as forced labour for many years after the war. The last German POWs like

4165: 3519: 2998: 2867: 2708:

covered the treatment of prisoners of war in detail. These provisions were further expanded in the

2702: 2498: 2325:

had no custom of ransoming prisoners of war, who could expect for the most part summary execution.

2008: 1875: 1422: 1115: 933: 781: 8648: 8539: 4030:

As the Red Army approached some POW camps in early 1945, German guards forced western Allied POWs

11372: 11264: 11187: 11103: 10940: 10752: 10324: 9873: 9003: 8984: 8401: 8150: 8071: 7639: 7352: 6742: 6702: 6010: 5608: 5594: 5496: 4895: 4583: 4446: 4411: 4285:. After 23 August, at the request of the prisoners to be organised into a military unit, General 3940: 3702: 3166: 3115: 2926: 2822: 2814: 2798: 2713: 2456: 1961: 1943: 1699: 1258: 1180: 1125: 723: 386: 37: 10003:

To Fight for My Country, Sir!: Memoirs of a 19-year-old B-17 Navigator Shot Down in Nazi Germany

7397:

Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Department of the Army,

6352: 6259: 3864: 3530:, the constraints of the Hague Conventions were explicitly removed on Chinese prisoners of war. 11402: 11387: 11180: 10870: 10578: 10551: 10424: 10276: 10155: 6949:"375,000 Austrians Have Died in Siberia; Remaining 125,000 War Prisoner...—Article Preview—The" 6928: 5643: 5622: 5587: 4785: 4426:. Thousands were executed; over 20,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the 4262:

In the spring of 1944, with the increasing number of American and British prisoners due to the

3712:"—unmarked transport ships in which POWs were transported in harsh conditions—were attacked by 3551: 3275: 3157:, in April 1916. Many were weak and starved when they surrendered and 4,250 died in captivity. 2882: 2767: 2669: 2665: 2563: 2437: 2385: 2085: 1828: 1803: 1525: 1437: 1310: 1185: 786: 763: 209: 108: 9616:

The stories of several American fighter pilots, shot down over North Vietnam are the focus of

9154: 8963: 8192: 7906: 7900: 7493: 6916: 6304: 2672:

in Chicago, Illinois, 10% of its Confederate prisoners died during one cold winter month; and

2120:

For a large part of human history, prisoners of war would most often be either slaughtered or

11714: 11522: 11512: 11477: 11166: 11117: 10968: 10738: 7930: 6572: 6173: 6167: 5727: 4918: 4857: 4790: 4603: 4431: 3827:, Japan, waving flags of the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands in August 1945 3106: 3046: 3029: 2829: 2603: 2507: 2493: 1417: 1350: 1303: 957: 920: 883: 801: 753: 637: 447: 255: 164: 6855: 3061:

American soldiers of the 11th Engineer Regiment taken as prisoners of war by Germany in 1917

2676:

in New York state, with a death rate of 25% (2,963), nearly equalled that of Andersonville.

11641: 11601: 11482: 11083: 10842: 10731: 10403: 9445: 9357: 9335: 8874: 8438: 7325: 6849:"Department of Defense Instruction January 8, 2008 Incorporating Change 1, August 14, 2009" 6273: 5798: 5763: 5713: 5531: 5391: 5055: 4372: 4286: 4236: 4102: 4098: 4063: 4058:

nothing for them, as they were not regarded as POWs, but the prisoners held the status of "

3724: 3234: 3005: 2523: 2485: 2449: 2303:

Likewise, the inhabitants of conquered cities were frequently massacred during Christians'

2092:

them as their own combatants, collecting military and political intelligence from them, or

1808: 1710: 1567: 1562: 1380: 1345: 1080: 900: 758: 694: 548: 518: 115: 20: 8833: 5014: 4809:) regardless of their wishes. The forced repatriation operations took place in 1945–1947. 8: 11691: 11412: 11407: 11382: 11019: 10759: 5510: 5461: 5022: 4973: 4891: 4841:

An American POW being released by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong captors in February 1973

4555: 4157: 3543: 3485: 3171: 3146: 2986:

during World War II. Most were executed or sentenced to life in prison for their crimes.

2970:. German and Japanese military commanders were prosecuted for preparing and initiating a 2652: 2571: 2539: 2530:

in Huntingdonshire, England in 1797 to house the increasing number of prisoners from the

2527: 2489: 2445: 2425: 2269: 2241: 2165: 1659: 1644: 1520: 1407: 1385: 1360: 1320: 1230: 1040: 945: 895: 662: 652: 617: 409: 399: 169: 93: 8387:

National Defense Research Institute. RAND Corporation, p. 28 Retrieved 18 July 2012

8256: 6720: 5109: 3546:. The most notorious use of forced labour was in the construction of the Burma–Thailand 11729: 11606: 11532: 11427: 11231: 11131: 11124: 11026: 10789: 10338: 10331: 10269: 9483:

Ende des Dritten Reiches – Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Eine perspektivische Rückschau

9387: 8053: 7158: 7119: 6549: 6345: 5685: 5559: 5426: 4806: 4742: 4576: 4501: 4469:. An estimated 60,000 to 347,000 of these Japanese prisoners of war died in captivity. 4437:

Of the 230,000 Polish prisoners of war taken by the Soviet army, only 82,000 survived.

3975: 3951:

POW camps—especially during the last two years of the war—concerned shortages of food.

3713: 3574: 3562: 2949:

Paid for work done and not forced to do work that is dangerous, unhealthy, or degrading

2902: 2863: 2732: 2720: 2657: 2237: 1993: 1848: 1768: 1689: 1634: 1609: 1530: 1476: 1442: 1373: 1290: 1200: 1105: 1050: 940: 905: 858: 733: 704: 657: 595: 570: 404: 218: 137: 8120: 7874: 11636: 11596: 11549: 11497: 11422: 11224: 11201: 10990: 10975: 10947: 10933: 10646: 10509: 10207: 10006: 9992: 9975: 9917: 9905: 9888:

America's Captives: Treatment of POWs From the Revolutionary War to the War on Terror

9825: 9800: 9771: 9727: 9698: 9683: 9668: 9653: 9638: 9622: 9592: 9511: 9486: 9451: 9166: 9137: 9023: 8898: 8888: 8783: 8608: 8419: 8347: 8325: 8208: 7955: 7910: 7850: 7524: 7499: 7463: 7442: 7360: 7296: 7195: 7162: 6932: 6578: 6444: 6419: 6396: 6386: 6310: 6177: 6143: 6129: 6112: 5813: 5788: 5773: 5692: 5657: 5524: 5475: 5433: 5412: 5246:≈200,000 (135,000 taken in Europe, does not include Pacific or Commonwealth figures) 5044: 4735: 4677: 4294: 4256: 3763: 3732: 3499: 3183: 2971: 2901:

by government forces and are sometimes executed on spot or tortured. However, in the

2736: 2724: 2690: 2559: 2511: 2373:

constantly with neighbouring tribes and groups, aiming to collect live prisoners for

2328: 2277: 2173: 2169: 2029: 1938: 1885: 1788: 1778: 1773: 1743: 1726: 1721: 1694: 1639: 1340: 1330: 1325: 1315: 1235: 1225: 1220: 1195: 1165: 1055: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1005: 995: 910: 863: 833: 672: 465: 442: 376: 10061:

First hand account of being a Japanese POW. Part 1 in a series of 4 video interviews

9964:

regarding their individual experiences as POWs and the memoirs they each published:

9485:. Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes. Munich 1995. 9275:"The True Story of India's Decision to Release 93,000 Pakistani POWs After 1971 War" 9235: 5137:(the death rate for German prisoners of war was highest in Yugoslavia with over 50%) 4879:

The 1952 Inter-Camp POW Olympics were held from 15 to 27 November 1952 in Pyuktong,

4248: 4153: 4145: 2955:

Not compelled to give any information except for name, age, rank, and service number

1998: 11770: 11626: 11542: 11507: 11145: 11110: 10856: 10835: 10724: 10683: 10373: 9883: 7896: 7150: 6491: 6224: 5748: 5615: 5468: 5384: 5288: 5273: 5225:; 240,000 taken by the Soviets in 1939; 15,000 taken by Germany in Warsaw in 1944) 5010: 4802: 4774: 4681: 4608: 4532: 4031: 3991: 3880: 3789: 3535: 3527: 3495: 3179: 3145:

often treated prisoners of war poorly. Some 11,800 British soldiers, most from the

3123: 2963: 2818: 2806: 2488:, are an example. Such narratives enjoyed some popularity, spawning a genre of the 2257: 2180: 2003: 1968: 1900: 1793: 1731: 1624: 1552: 1545: 1402: 1335: 1285: 1275: 1150: 1070: 1030: 1015: 982: 967: 838: 823: 776: 684: 642: 585: 580: 538: 361: 338: 245: 174: 103: 86: 9765: 3851:

Malnourished Australian POWs forced to work at the Aso mining company, August 1945

3723:

Life in the POW camps was recorded at great risk to themselves by artists such as

2069:. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. 11704: 11656: 11616: 11517: 11467: 11076: 10863: 10812: 10502: 10470: 10389: 9984: 9364: 9261: 9243: 9161: 9095: 9010: 8991: 8941: 8922: 8915: 8857: 8808: 8680: 8602: 8456: 8383: 8362: 8314: 8291: 8263: 8199: 7646: 7417: 7072: 7023: 6923: 6203: 6042: 5741: 5706: 5699: 5552: 5447: 5340: 5029: 4627: 4539: 4044: 3986:, experienced four years of captivity under entirely normal conditions for POWs. 3979: 3728: 3507: 2810: 2588: 2535: 2481: 2073: 1813: 1798: 1716: 1672: 1614: 1270: 1265: 1155: 1145: 1060: 1035: 977: 818: 748: 738: 590: 575: 498: 470: 270: 250: 98: 9768:: Life of the French prisoners of war at the peasants of low Bavaria (1939–1945) 8355: 7752: 5545: 4547: 11646: 11571: 11527: 10926: 10905: 10773: 10701: 10537: 10530: 10523: 10463: 10410: 9817: 9652:

2nd ed. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand, 2008)

9557: 9092:"Chinese operated three types of POW camps for Americans during the Korean War" 8850: 8770: 8340: 7817: 5839:

Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914–1918 Great War

5793: 5720: 5503: 5241: 4950: 4715: 4685: 4586:

were installed. A considerable amount of military intelligence was gained from

4427: 4406: 4387: 4379: 4334: 4164:. By 1942, the number reached 12 camps of which 10 were in Romania, and two in 4011: 3983: 3936: 3295: 3263: 3216: 3175: 3142: 3098: 3002: 2834: 2782: 2774: 2752: 2503: 2389: 2293: 2183:, touched by the plight of Persian prisoners captured in a recent war with the 2151: 2093: 2066: 1988: 1736: 1160: 1120: 1098: 1085: 1075: 1045: 962: 915: 718: 709: 600: 553: 533: 523: 493: 460: 348: 305: 260: 132: 65: 8444:"Americans, Germans, and War Crimes: Converging Narratives from "the Good War" 7689:

Royal Canadian Air Force Association, "Allied Officers Deported to Buchenwald"

7154: 6979:

Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity.

6746: 4719: 3270:, e.g. in France, until 1920. They were released after many approaches by the 11744: 11676: 11611: 11492: 10849: 10569: 10558: 10359: 9967: 9503: 9481:

Rüdiger Overmans: "Die Rheinwiesenlager 1945" in: Hans-Erich Volkmann (ed.):

9254: 8470:"How Britain's German-born Jewish 'secret listeners' helped win World War II" 7871:"Report at the session of the Russian association of WWII historians in 1998" 7778: 6163: 6086: 5517: 5440: 5319: 5033: 5028:

In 2001, reports emerged concerning two POWs that India had taken during the

4998: 4991: 4980: 4930: 4612:). Controversy has arisen about how Eisenhower managed these prisoners. (see 4587: 4479: 4462: 4271: 4205: 4189: 4141: 3982:

who had enlisted in the British Army, and who was captured by the Germans in

3967: 3743: 3736: 3547: 3267: 3094: 3086:

92,000 Russians surrendered during the battle. When the besieged garrison of

2797:

Japanese illustration depicting the beheading of Chinese captives during the

2748: 2744: 2693:

that specified that prisoners of war be treated humanely and diplomatically.

2673: 2599: 2408:

in 627. The Muslims divided up the females and children of those executed as

2370: 2348: 2333: 2281: 2253: 2203: 1835: 1823: 1679: 1599: 1515: 1498: 1355: 1210: 1190: 873: 868: 848: 828: 743: 714: 689: 565: 543: 528: 503: 343: 265: 228: 223: 120: 8902: 8496:"History of Prisoner of War Utilization by the United States Army 1776–1945" 5891: 5354:, of them, it is estimated that between 60,000 and 347,000 died in captivity 4817: 4398:, were not released by the Soviets until 1955, two years after Stalin died. 4239:. The airmen were interned at first in the court of the Central Seminary in 11586: 11581: 11472: 11349: 11317: 11051: 11012: 10676: 10660: 10442: 10396: 10178: 9942:"American Soldiers and POW Killing in the European Theater of World War II" 9737: 9710:

History of prisoner of war utilisation by the United States Army, 1776–1945

7036: 6400: 5538: 5351: 5299: 5163: 5148: 5099: 5040:, where they spent the following 38 years under a special prisoner status. 5018: 4926: 4707: 4614: 4193: 4140:

Between 1941 and 1944, 91,060 Soviet prisoners of war were captured by the

3996: 3971: 3150: 3082:

surrenders were uncommon; usually a large unit surrendered all its men. At

2967: 2778: 2552: 2405: 2322: 2184: 2089: 2077: 2022: 1948: 1928: 1923: 1818: 1763: 1397: 1392: 1215: 1130: 878: 612: 513: 310: 214: 9672: 9657: 9648:

Peter Dennis, Jeffrey Grey, Ewan Morris, Robin Prior with Jean Bou :

6888:

Geo G. Phillimore and Hugh H. L. Bellot, "Treatment of Prisoners of War",

4849:

Recently released American POWs from North Vietnamese prison camps in 1973

3954: 2219: 2128:

could be prisoners of war, categorised according to their ethnic roots as

11452: 10828: 10796: 10669: 10630: 10623: 10516: 10495: 10456: 10417: 10345: 10193: 7521:

Threads of life : a history of the world through the eye of a needle

7379: 5823: 5678: 5636: 5126: 4910: 4903: 4880: 4638: 4596: 4395: 4149: 4089: 4002: 3523: 3154: 3021: 2979: 2661: 2595: 2249: 2211: 2062: 1933: 1684: 1649: 1488: 1175: 1140: 853: 796: 699: 483: 204: 199: 41: 9191: 8600: 8072:"No. 40 Squadron Wellington X ME990 -R F/O. Lawrence Franklin Tichborne" 6380: 5106:

About 3 million taken by USSR (474,967 died in captivity (>15%))

3490: 2284:. When asked by a Crusader how to distinguish between the Catholics and 11457: 10616: 10544: 10380: 10366: 10352: 10317: 10214: 9812:

Beyond the Bamboo Screen: Scottish Prisoners of War under the Japanese.

9744:. First Published Arris Books, 2006. 2nd ed., Constable Robinson, 2007. 9472:, Greenhill Books, London, 1997, G. F. Krivosheev, editor (ref. Streit) 9043: 7931:"Part VIII: Execution of the convention #Section I: General provisions" 5118: 4869: 4861: 4845: 4702: 4383: 4353: 4022:

Telegram notifying parents of an American POW of his capture by Germany

3884: 3750:, recorded their ordeal in seemingly harmless prison quilt embroidery. 3010: 2886: 2878: 2847: 2639: 2620: 2544: 2256:

aimed to not only defeat but also to eliminate enemies. Authorities in

2113: 1890: 1860: 1582: 951: 9264:. Taskforceomegainc.org (17 September 1996). Retrieved on 24 May 2014. 8307: 6745:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 5 May 2008. Archived from 6441:

Zwischen Tätern und Opfern: Gewaltbeziehungen und Gewaltgemeinschaften

3302:, tabulated the total death rate for POWs in World War II as follows: 2289: 2199: 11437: 10477: 10079:

War Memoirs of a British Army Signalman as a prisoner of the Japanese

9627: 9508:

Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges

7973:

Order within Anarchy: The Laws of War as an International Institution

5664: 4914: 4906:

to distant POW camps, only 3,290 were repatriated four months later.

4899: 4730: 4454: 4391: 4240: 3948: 3899:

Captured soldiers of the British Indian Army executed by the Japanese

3747: 3716: 3709: 3110: 2898: 2894: 2859: 2855: 2843: 2728: 2628: 2567: 2273: 2188: 2133: 2125: 2104: 2081: 2058: 1880: 1704: 1654: 1604: 1594: 1589: 1454: 1245: 1240: 1205: 647: 333: 300: 189: 7439:

Prisoners of the Japanese : POWs of World War II in the Pacific

4575:. Some breaches of the Convention took place, however. According to 4523: 3943:, France, the U.S., and other western Allies in accordance with the 3883:

captured at New Guinea moments before his execution with a Japanese

2943:

Allowed to communicate regularly with relatives and receive packages

11699: 11537: 10232: 10200: 8861: 8268: 8014:"1943 – 1944. Prizonieri de război americani și englezi în România" 7722: 5371: 4987: 4714:. Such forced Hungarian labour by the USSR is often referred to as 4466: 4458: 4169: 4161: 3824: 3539: 3131: 3051: 2983: 2890: 2851: 2805:

To be entitled to prisoner-of-war status, captured persons must be

2433: 2400: 2312: 2304: 2265: 2223: 2129: 1895: 1870: 1503: 1135: 1110: 728: 283: 157: 10116:

Notes of Japanese soldier in a USSR prison camp after World War II

6079:"Church Fathers: Church History, Book VII (Socrates Scholasticus)" 4453:

were captured by the Soviet Union. The prisoners were captured in

4343: 2832:, the requirement of a distinctive marking is no longer included. 2506:, a sailor who wrote a memoir about his years as a captive of the 11502: 11447: 11432: 11417: 10290: 10262: 10241: 7814:"Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II" 5222: 5198: 5169: 5134: 5130: 4669: 4631: 4527: 4367:

According to some sources, the Soviets captured 3.5 million

4293:

Regiment. All Western Allied POWs were evacuated to Italy during

3720:

POWs died at sea, about 19,000 of them killed by friendly fire."

3266:

prisoners of the Allies and Russia, many of whom had to serve as

3227: 3208: 3127: 2839: 2285: 2121: 1905: 1865: 1629: 1463: 1459: 806: 791: 667: 328: 323: 293: 232: 194: 10147: 9837:

Useful Captives: The Role of POWs in American Military Conflicts

3966:—or whom the Nazis believed to be Jewish—were killed as part of 3583:

Number of Western Allied POWs and Death Rate Under the Japanese

3109:

held about 720,000, mostly gained in the period just before the

2933:

Treated humanely with respect for their persons and their honour

2517: 10301: 10049:

Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II

9697:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Republished by Penguin, 1992; 9383:"Threats and Responses: Briefly Noted; Iran-Iraq Prisoner Deal" 8029:"Prizonierii americani în "colivia de aur" de la Timișu de Jos" 7005:

Silent Battle: Canadian Prisoners of War in Germany, 1914–1919.

6796:"War in the Gulf: P.O.W.'s; U.S. Says Prisoners Seem War-Weary" 6496:"Site of the Norman Cross Depot for Prisoners of War (1006782)" 5784:

Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–1924)

5216: 5192: 5122: 5037: 4884: 4746: 4665: 4646: 4244: 4018: 3204: 3135: 3087: 2975: 2905:, both sides treated captured troops as POWs presumably out of 2686: 2356: 2316: 2308: 2261: 2160: 1412: 813: 630: 366: 10898:

Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted

9851:

The British Empire and Its Italian Prisoners of War, 1940–1947

9797:

Histoire de la captivité des Français en Allemagne (1939–1945)

9066:"Forced Repatriation to the Soviet Union: The Secret Betrayal" 8782:

David Lubań, "Legal Modernism", Univ of Michigan Press, 1994.

7693:

National Museum of the USAF, "Allied Victims of the Holocaust"

7558:"International Humanitarian Law – State Parties / Signatories" 7460:

Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific

7210:"International Humanitarian Law – State Parties / Signatories" 6385:. New York: Inner Traditions International. pp. 229–233. 4837: 3839:

Liberated Canadian POWs arriving in Manilla, Philippines, 1945

2465: 2381:

in 1487, "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were sacrificed.

2240:'s English army killed many French prisoners of war after the 11215: 10248: 9900:(2nd ed.). Millerton, NY: Grey House Pub, 2006. p. 9563:

Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies

9236:

pp 26–33 Transfer of U.S. Korean War POWs To the Soviet Union

8377:

POW/MIA Issues: Volume 2, World War II and the Early Cold War

6258:

Hassig, Ross (2003). "El sacrificio y las guerras floridas".

4465:, then sent to work as forced labour in the Soviet Union and 4338: 4289:

approved the transfer of 896 POWs to the barracks of the 4th

4231:, the former Normal School used as Camp No. 13 during the war 4173: 4062:". Treatment of the prisoners was generally poor. The author 3212: 2946:

Given adequate food, clothing, housing, and medical attention

2367: 2215: 2146: 2137: 2109: 888: 424: 419: 9935:

Open Road to Faraway: Escapes from Nazi POW Camps 1941–1945.

9470:

Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century

8257:

Japanese POW group says files on over 500,000 held in Moscow

7523:. London: Spectre (Hodder & Stoughton). pp. 50–58. 6699:"The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law: Protected Persons" 6601:. U.S. National Park Service). 18 July 2014. Archived from 6530:

on 27 February 2019 – via Munich Digitization Center.

6223:. Faculty.washington.edu. 29 September 2007. Archived from 5262: 5071: 5002: 4642: 4259:, who was nicknamed "The Angel of Ploiești" by the airmen. 4243:, with the wounded airmen taken to the no. 415 Hospital in 4127:. Third Reich officials left the Soviet "note" unanswered. 3271: 3077:

German soldier of Infantry Regiment 120, POW 1 January 1918

2759: 2740: 2719:

Article 4 of the Third Geneva Convention protects captured

2360: 184: 179: 8823:"Hungarian Prisoners-of-War In French Captivity 1945–1947" 7016:

British National Archives, "The Mesopotamia campaign", at

6574:

Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy

4485: 3241:, written in his own hand and reproduced on a lithograph. 2268:

desirable. Examples of such wars include the 13th-century

9956:

On 12 February 2013, three American POWs gathered at the

8884:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

8493: 7665: 7178:

Savage Continent: Europe in the aftermath of World War II

6917:

Disobedience and Conspiracy in the German Army, 1918–1945

6004:"The Enslavement of War Captives by the Romans to 146 BC" 4894:, of the 11,721 French soldiers taken prisoner after the 4422:

in 1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became

4270:, in a frequently bombed area. It was later moved to the 3963: 3057: 2570:

and prisoner camp for around 6,000 POWs who lived in the

2233:) liberated captives after Genevieve urged him to do so. 57: 9953:

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

6197:"Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan" 5804:

Extermination of Soviet prisoners of war by Nazi Germany

5068:

Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War

4300: 4179: 3962:

Only a small proportion of western Allied POWs who were

3207:

on 15 November. Plans were made for them to be sent via

3138:. In Germany, food was short, but only 5 per cent died. 2768:

restoring and maintaining family contact in times of war

8692:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors" 7994:"Prizonieri de război sovietici în România (1941–1944)" 7293:

Slaughter at Sea: The Story of Japan's Naval War Crimes

6416:'Prisoners in early modern warfare' in Prisoners in War 4825:

bound and killed by North Koreans during the Korean War

4235:

The first Americans were captured in Romania following

3935:

Germany and Italy generally treated prisoners from the

2989: 9115: 9113: 8739:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors" 8708:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors" 8674:

ICRC in WW II: German prisoners of war in Allied hands

8414:

Dear, I.C.B; Foot, M.R.D., eds. (2005). "War Crimes".

4323:

Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939

2288:

following the projected capture (1209) of the city of

9897:

The Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War & Internment

9861:

Prisoners of the Reich, Germany's Captives, 1939–1945

9531:. Stern.de – Politik. 6 February 2012. Archived from 8668: 8666: 8604:

German migrants in post-war Britain: an enemy embrace

8418:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 983–984. 8193:

Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression

8119:. Worldwar2database.com. 27 July 2011. Archived from 4183:

Soviet POWs escorted by a Romanian cavalryman in 1941

3777:

Australian and Dutch POWs at Tarsau, Thailand in 1943

9824:

1979 Stein & Day; 1991, 1996 Scarborough House.

8280: 8278: 7462:. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. pp. 295–297. 7246:"Japanese troops ate flesh of enemies and civilians" 6623: 6054: 5779:

Armenian POWs during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

4874:

Treatment of POWs by North Korean and Chinese forces

4751:

Allied war crimes during World War II in the Pacific

4672:, and handed them over to the Soviet Union instead. 4363:

German prisoners of war being paraded through Moscow

2440:, were often denied the status of prisoners of war. 9650:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

9570:

Full text of Third Geneva Convention, 1949 revision

9110: 8596: 8594: 7661:"'Soldiers and Slaves' Details Saga of Jewish POWs" 7041:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

6542:"Die Aufzeichnungen des Totengräbers Ahlemann 1813" 6490: 3069:

US POWs at German prison camp Rastatt, Germany 1918

11710:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 9844:Prisoners of War and Their Captors in World War II 9637:, 1st ed.; 1997, BasicBooks (HarperCollins, Inc). 9465: 9463: 9238:. Nationalalliance.org. Retrieved on 24 May 2014. 8663: 8308:POW in the USSR 1939–1956: Documents and Materials 8252: 8250: 6344: 5054:, Ukrainian POWs have described being tortured by 4760:After the war, many Japanese POWs were kept on as 3811:rescued from Los Baños Internment Camp, March 1945 2472:Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War 9946:United States. Government Accountability Office. 8572: 8275: 7584:"Pride and Peril: Jewish American POWs in Europe" 6570: 6351:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 4734:A group of Japanese soldiers captured during the 3701:No direct access to the POWs was provided to the 3542:, starvation rations, poor medical treatment and 11742: 11238:United Kingdom and British overseas territories 8591: 7895: 6810: 6443:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 107–129. 6382:Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources 5864:World War II Radio Heroes: Letters of Compassion 4923:United States servicemembers as prisoners of war 4543:US Army: Card of capture for German POWs – front 4005:and US aviators who were held for two months at 3470: 9460: 8247: 7243: 6656:"Andersonville: Prisoner of War Camp-Reading 1" 6577:. University of Alabama Press. pp. 57–73. 6309:. Columbia University Press. pp. 371–372. 6137: 6136:, quoted by Andrew Gurr in his introduction to 4344:Germans, Romanians, Italians, Hungarians, Finns 3126:prisoners of war taken by Russians perished in 2696: 10110:New Zealand PoWs of Germany, Italy & Japan 9989:Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton 9770:– Mémoires et Cultures – 2007. 9667:10th ed. (Sydney: Angus & Robinson, 1941) 9358:Two Chinese prisoners from '62 war repatriated 9040:"Repatriation – The Dark Side of World War II" 8864:, 17 September 2000. Accessed 11 December 2016 8503:Center of Military History, United States Army 8217: 7863: 5854:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC) 4801:On 11 February 1945, at the conclusion of the 4080:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war 3561:Thousands of US and Filipino POWs died on the 2710:1929 Geneva Convention on the Prisoners of War 2194: 11333: 10163: 10143:Jewish POW swapped by Germans in World War II 8146:The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field 6682:"US Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands" 6055:Eisenberg, Bonnie; Ruthsdotter, Mary (1998). 4319:Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 4311:Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 2518:French Revolutionary wars and Napoleonic wars 2030: 11347: 10055:Reports made by World War I prisoners of war 9748: 9380: 8952: 8117:"German POWs in Allied Hands – World War II" 7715:"Death March from Stalag Luft 4 during WWII" 7545:The Unfree French: Life under the Occupation 7318:"Forgotten tragedy of Italian war detainees" 7192:"World War II – prisoners of war POWs Japan" 6927:". Robert B. Kane, Peter Loewenberg (2008). 6658:. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from 6280:. Latinamericanstudies.org. pp. 46–51. 6107:Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. 5966: 5809:German prisoners of war in the United States 4688:in October 1945 that the Allies themselves, 4514:German prisoners of war in the United States 4327:Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 4315:Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 3823:Allied prisoners of war at Aomori camp near 2762:has a special role to play, with regards to 2583:The extensive period of conflict during the 2096:them in new political or religious beliefs. 11378:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 9529:"Kriegsgefangene: Viele kamen nicht zurück" 9175: 8489: 8487: 7923: 7351: 7234:, Kikan Sensô Sekinin Kenkyû 9, 1995, p. 22 6819:"Pentagon: We Don't Call Them POWs Anymore" 6347:Islam. Its History, Teaching, and Practices 6138:Shakespeare, William; Gurr, Andrew (2005). 6134:Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland 4492:Lists of World War II prisoner-of-war camps 4331:German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 3198:Celebration for returning POWs, Berlin 1920 3050:German soldiers captured by the British in 2466:European settlers captured in North America 11340: 11326: 10920:International Network of Prison Ministries 10170: 10156: 8203:". Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer (1999). 8048: 8046: 7846:Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory 7039:, Ewan Morris, Robin Prior with Jean Bou, 6526:(in German). p. 305ff. Archived from 6245:Meyer, Michael C. and William L. Sherman. 6142:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24. 6111:. 3rd ed., New York: Penguin Books, 1993. 4929:. Communist Vietnamese held in custody by 4571:prisoners strictly in accordance with the 4506:Forced labor of Germans after World War II 3512:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War 3510:, which had signed but never ratified the 2995:The United States Military Code of Conduct 2037: 2023: 19:"POW" redirects here. For other uses, see 7347: 7345: 7343: 7295:. Pen & Sword Maritime. p. 252. 4781:, the UK and US due to labour shortages. 4510:Japanese prisoners of war in World War II 4211: 3762:Water colour sketch of "Dusty" Rhodes by 2936:Able to inform their next of kin and the 2689:being adopted and becoming recognised as 10746:Mentally ill people in the United States 10137:Historic films about POWs in World War I 9972:She Went to War: The Rhonda Cornum Story 9842:Moore, Bob, & Kent Fedorowich eds., 9719:; Charles Tuttle Company, Vermont, 1965. 9682:, 1984 Artlook Books Western Australia. 8962:. CNN. 23 September 1996. Archived from 8935:American troops 'murdered Japanese PoWs' 8887:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 8632: 8484: 8413: 8163: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7140: 7116:International Committee of the Red Cross 6816: 6518: 6342: 6249:. Oxford University Press, 5th ed. 1995. 6057:"History of the Women's Rights Movement" 5347:16,000–50,000 captured by Western Allies 5070:entered into force on 19 June 1931. The 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4816: 4765:arrival of Allied forces in the region. 4729: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4522: 4405: 4358: 4347: 4251:, in the newly established Camp No. 14 ( 4215: 4178: 4107: 4083: 4073: 4017: 3953: 3931:Belgian prisoners of war in World War II 3556: 3489: 3285: 3193: 3149:, became prisoners after the five-month 3072: 3064: 3056: 3045: 2938:International Committee of the Red Cross 2792: 2706:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land 2634: 2619: 2480:, exist in some number. The writings of 2419: 2327: 2198: 2103: 1001:List of military strategies and concepts 31: 16:Military term for a captive of the enemy 11592:Right to an adequate standard of living 10121:German prisoners of war in Allied hands 9566:. Vol. 36, No. 2. 2008. pp. 19–35. 8960:"Photos document brutality in Shanghai" 8873: 8135: 8043: 7658: 7385:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 6793: 6624:Richard Wightman Fox (7 January 2008). 6463: 6438: 6101: 5819:Korean War POWs detained in North Korea 5769:13th Psychological Operations Battalion 5376: 4486:Treatment of POWs by the Western Allies 3924: 3916:French prisoners of war in World War II 3498:surrendering to the Japanese after the 3189: 2424:Casting the dice for life or death, by 11743: 11393:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 10999:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland) 9835:Krebs, Daniel, and Lorien Foote, eds. 9448:: The Russian-Geran Conflict 1941–1945 9165:. William C. Jeffries (2006). p. 388. 9084: 8736: 8705: 8638: 8301: 8166:"Polish deportees in the Soviet Union" 7842: 7518: 7491: 7411:Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines 7340: 7290: 7232:Nitchû Sensô ni Okeru Horyo Gyakusatsu 6413: 6271: 6162: 5074:had not signed the Geneva Convention. 4222:Bucharest Faculty of Orthodox Theology 2873:The criteria are applied primarily to 2484:, captured in the chaotic fighting of 2260:often considered the extermination of 11321: 10151: 10073:Current status of Vietnam War POW/MIA 10025:Prisoners of war and humanitarian law 9893: 9300:"Falkland Islands: a gentleman's war" 9212: 9181: 8091:"German POWs and the Art of Survival" 8000: 7978: 6691: 6378: 6333:. Islamic Texts Society, 1992, p. 104 6302: 5945:North African Campaign (World War II) 5844:Military Chaplain#Noncombatant status 5365: 5295:114,861 lost or captured by US and UK 4496:Allied war crimes during World War II 4301:Treatment of POWs by the Soviet Union 2609: 2578: 2355:, and all the population killed). In 2332:Aztec sacrifices, as depicted in the 2065:power during or immediately after an 11301: 9880:, 2011, retrieved: 16 November 2011. 9839:(University Press of Kansas, 2021). 9799:, Éditions Gallimard, France, 1967. 9415:"Ukraine / Russia: Prisoners of war" 8737:Butler, Desmond (17 December 2001). 8706:Butler, Desmond (17 December 2001). 8494:George G. Lewis; John Mehwa (1982). 8416:The Oxford Companion to World War II 8334: 8011: 7992:Duțu, Alesandru (25 November 2015). 7991: 7905:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 7457: 7420:". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) 7359:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 2, 3. 7315: 7175: 6719:. Peace Pledge Union. Archived from 5043:The last prisoners of the 1980–1988 4812: 4424:prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 4276:"Regina Elisabeta" Military Hospital 3118:and inspections by neutral nations. 2990:U.S. Code of Conduct and terminology 2952:Released quickly after conflicts end 2298:Kill them all, God will know His own 10067:German POWs and the art of survival 9560:, "What is a Prisoner of War For?" 8820: 8467: 7498:. Simon and Schuster. p. 317. 6890:Transactions of the Grotius Society 6767: 6172:. Oxford University Press. p. 5324:≈130,000 (95,532 taken by Germany) 4268:6th Guard Regiment "Mihai Viteazul" 2478:indigenous peoples of North America 2206:riders with prisoners, 14th century 13: 9928:Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen 9757: 9610: 9225:from the original on 9 April 2023. 7849:. London: Pan Books. p. 271. 7244:McCarthy, Terry (12 August 1992). 7112:"Search results – Resource centre" 6794:Schmitt, Eric (19 February 1991). 6501:National Heritage List for England 5889: 5061: 4551:Reverse of US Army Card of capture 4390:, who had been declared guilty of 3909: 3475: 2929:, prisoners of war (POW) must be: 2347:In the 13th century the expanding 2076:still in the field (releasing and 14: 11782: 11513:Right to refuse medical treatment 10177: 10018: 9134:University of Massachusetts Press 8012:Duțu, Alesandru (2 August 2015). 6636:from the original on 15 June 2013 6369:, "Period of revelation", p. 159. 5083:Number of POWs held in captivity 5005:paramilitary forces supported by 4112:Naked Soviet prisoners of war in 3569:According to the findings of the 3097:held 2.5 million prisoners; 2788: 2522:The earliest known purpose-built 2179:In the fourth century AD, Bishop 11300: 11289: 11288: 10043:Archive of World War II memories 9849:Bob Moore, and Kent Fedorowich. 9846:, Berg Press, Oxford, UK, 1997. 9822:Nazi Prisoners of War in America 9708:George G. Lewis and John Mewha, 9521: 9496: 9475: 9437: 9407: 9374: 9350: 9314: 9292: 9267: 9248: 9229: 9213:Burns, Robert (29 August 1993). 9206: 9147: 9122: 9058: 9032: 9016: 8997: 8978: 8928: 8909: 8867: 8843: 8814: 8793: 8776: 8763: 8753: 8730: 8699: 8686: 8641:"The secrets of the London Cage" 8639:Cobain, Ian (12 November 2005). 8581: 8563: 8554: 8538:. 2 October 1989. Archived from 8524: 8461: 8432: 8407: 8390: 8368: 8225:"シベリア抑留、露に７６万人分の資料軍事公文書館でカード発見" 8184: 8168:. Wajszczuk.v.pl. Archived from 8157: 8093:. Historynet.com. Archived from 8088: 8026: 7118:. 3 October 2013. Archived from 6306:God's Rule: Government and Islam 6284:from the original on 19 May 2023 6109:The Penguin Dictionary of Saints 5933: 5829:List of notable prisoners of war 5350:560,000–760,000 captured by the 5333: 5312: 5281: 5255: 5234: 5209: 5185: 5156: 5092: 4957:in Lebanon by Syrian forces and 4658:Sachsenhausen concentration camp 4410:Katyn 1943 exhumation; photo by 4297:from 31 August to 3 September. 3892: 3872: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3816: 3801: 3782: 3770: 3755: 3742:Female prisoners (detainees) at 2817:, a combatant must be part of a 2712:and were largely revised in the 2311:in the 11th and 12th centuries. 2099: 2086:exploiting them for their labour 75: 25:Prisoner of war (disambiguation) 11070:Countries by incarceration rate 10983:Prison Fellowship International 9869:Prisoners and Detainees in War 9551: 9068:. Hillsdale.edu. Archived from 8109: 8082: 8064: 8060:(in Romanian). 28 October 2022. 8020: 7965: 7944: 7902:The Third Reich – A New History 7889: 7873:. Gpw.tellur.ru. Archived from 7836: 7806: 7793: 7767: 7737: 7707: 7698: 7681: 7652: 7632: 7606: 7576: 7550: 7537: 7512: 7485: 7476: 7451: 7432: 7423: 7404: 7391: 7373: 7309: 7284: 7260: 7237: 7224: 7202: 7184: 7169: 7134: 7104: 7078: 7059: 7046: 7029: 7010: 6997: 6984: 6971: 6941: 6908: 6895: 6882: 6873: 6841: 6787: 6761: 6735: 6709: 6674: 6648: 6617: 6591: 6564: 6534: 6512: 6484: 6472: 6457: 6432: 6407: 6372: 6359: 6336: 6323: 6296: 6274:"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice" 6265: 6252: 6239: 6213: 6208:The Journal of Japanese Studies 6190: 5969:"What is a Prisoner of War For" 5912: 5834:List of prisoner-of-war escapes 5406:As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me 4953:by their Egyptian captors, the 4786:Italy surrendered to the Allies 4038: 3281: 3042:Prisoners of war in World War I 2701:Chapter II of the Annex to the 2679: 2627:prisoners of war on the way to 2616:American Civil War prison camps 2415: 2228: 11725:Sexual and reproductive health 11622:Right to a healthy environment 10127:World War II U.S. POW Archives 9381:Nazila Fathi (14 March 2003). 8298:, 56th session, 13 April 2000. 8231:. 24 July 2009. Archived from 7659:Inskeep, Steve (30 May 2005). 7088:. Royal.gov.uk. Archived from 6955:. 8 April 2012. Archived from 6817:Thompson, Mark (17 May 2012). 6272:Harner, Michael (April 1977). 6156: 6122: 6071: 6048: 6029: 5995: 5960: 5882: 4762:Japanese Surrendered Personnel 4135: 4053:Massacre of the Acqui Division 3298:, in addition to figures from 3035: 2764:international humanitarian law 2735:, POWs acquires the status of 2642:soldier on his release from a 2551:outside the prison, mainly in 1: 11642:Right to public participation 9987:– a collection of his poetry 9878:Institute of European History 8607:. Routledge. pp. 24–30. 8451:, Vol. 94, No. 4. March 2008 7801:Hitler's Willing Executioners 7616:. Jafi.org.il. Archived from 7590:. 26 May 2021. Archived from 6247:The Course of Mexican History 5870: 5567:Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence 5052:invasion of Ukraine by Russia 4725: 4697: 4680:, chief US prosecutor in the 4307:POW labor in the Soviet Union 4114:Mauthausen concentration camp 4007:Buchenwald concentration camp 3974:policies. For example, Major 3471:Treatment of POWs by the Axis 2591:(1793–1815), followed by the 2393: 2379:Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan 2377:. For the re-consecration of 2337: 11662:Right to science and culture 10962:Prison Advice and Care Trust 10112:New Zealand Official History 10084:Canada's Forgotten PoW Camps 10039:UK National Archives ADM 103 9094:. April 1997. Archived from 8879:Victory in the Pacific, 1945 8142:Benjamin Fischer (historian) 6892:, Vol. 5, (1919), pp. 47–64. 6743:"Story of an idea- the Film" 6680:Hall, Yancey (1 July 2003). 6221:"Central Asian world cities" 5953: 5941:Western Front (World War II) 5939:see references on the pages 5420:The Bridge on the River Kwai 4645:prisoner of war facility in 4472: 4253:Lagărul de prizonieri nr. 14 3162:Sinai and Palestine campaign 2997:was promulgated in 1955 via 2697:Hague and Geneva Conventions 2598:, led to the emergence of a 2210:According to legend, during 36:Serbian prisoners of war in 7: 11488:Right to keep and bear arms 11398:Freedom from discrimination 10090:German army list of Stalags 9894:Vance, Jonathan F. (2006). 9184:"In South Vietnamese Jails" 8449:Journal of American History 7745:"Guests of the Third Reich" 7324:. NHK World. Archived from 6905:(1999) pp. 368–69 for data. 6626:"National Life After Death" 6548:(in German). Archived from 5897:Online Etymology Dictionary 5756: 5672:Summer of My German Soldier 5399:Another Time, Another Place 4964:Indian intervention in the 4796: 4768: 4755:National Revolutionary Army 4440: 3970:or were subjected to other 3794:Santo Tomas Internment Camp 3101:held 2.9 million, and 2195:Middle Ages and Renaissance 2172:, and were held legally as 1494:Military–industrial complex 973:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 11787: 11766:Imprisonment and detention 11294:Imprisonment and detention 10222:Stanford prison experiment 10100:Colditz Oflag IVC POW Camp 10095:German army list of Oflags 10037:Prisoners of War 1755–1831 9712:; Dept. of the Army, 1955. 9322:"war story: Rhonda Cornum" 9182:Thanh, Ngo Ba; Luce, Don. 9155:Trap Door to the Dark Side 8296:Commission on Human Rights 7560:. Cicr.org. Archived from 7492:Miller, Donald L. (2008). 7086:"The Queen and technology" 6571:Roger Pickenpaugh (2013). 5926:, Arnaud Amalric was only 5630:Rambo: First Blood Part II 5369: 5221:675,000 (420,000 taken by 5168:5.7 million taken by 4518: 4499: 4489: 4304: 4130: 4077: 4049:Italian military internees 4042: 3928: 3913: 3904: 3479: 3039: 2613: 2585:American Revolutionary War 2469: 2057:) is a person who is held 18: 11685: 11652:Right to rest and leisure 11558: 11363: 11356: 11283: 11093: 11061: 11036: 10955:Prison abolition movement 10913:Florida Justice Institute 10889: 10693: 10608: 10568: 10487: 10434: 10309: 10300: 10231: 10185: 9958:Pritzker Military Library 9937:2001. Cualann Press Ltd. 9930:52 (1993) pp. 91–94. 9790:Pritzker Military Library 9753:3rd edition (Paris, 1920) 9693:Rivett, Rohan D. (1946). 9128:Adams, Clarence. (2007). 9042:. Fff.org. Archived from 9013:23 September 1996 image 3 8994:23 September 1996 image 2 8807:29 September 2011 at the 8346:, Doubleday, April 2003, 8290:29 September 2007 at the 8054:"Operatiunea Reunion (I)" 7749:guestsofthethirdreich.org 7155:10.1191/0968344504wh291oa 6439:Batelka, Philipp (2017). 6414:Wilson, Peter H. (2010). 5859:Vietnam War POW/MIA issue 5269:Coalition of the Gulf War 5174:million died in captivity 5085: 5079: 4966:Bangladesh Liberation War 4773:In 1943, Italy overthrew 4660:, at the time one of the 4451:Japanese prisoners of war 4420:Soviet invasion of Poland 4401: 3582: 3482:Far East prisoners of war 3310: 3307: 2920: 2532:French Revolutionary Wars 2514:coast from 1802 to 1805. 2214:'s siege and blockade of 1558:Loss-of-strength gradient 415:Combat information center 11667:Right to social security 11632:Right to Internet access 11577:Equal pay for equal work 11463:Presumption of innocence 11006:The Prison Phoenix Trust 10450:Administrative detention 9940:Harris, Justin Michael. 9863:, 1998; on British POWs 9786:Webcast Author Interview 9678:Alfred James Passfield, 9618:American Film Foundation 9160:25 December 2022 at the 9132:. Amherst & Boston. 8851:Hungarian POW identified 8830:www.hungarianhistory.com 8455:14 November 2010 at the 8205:Harvard University Press 8198:25 December 2022 at the 7775:"Le porte della Memoria" 7588:The National WWII Museum 7252:. London. Archived from 7212:. Icrc.org. 27 July 1929 7071:21 December 2016 at the 6922:25 December 2022 at the 6768:Penrose, Mary Margaret. 6686:National Geographic News 6464:Hohrath, Daniel (1999). 6343:Nigosian, S. A. (2004). 6303:Crone, Patricia (2004). 5924:Caesarius of Heisterbach 5875: 5143:1.3 million unknown 5047:were exchanged in 2003. 4559:Certificate of Discharge 3520:Second Sino-Japanese War 2868:Fourth Geneva Convention 2668:, 13,000 (28%) died. At 2499:The Last of the Mohicans 2116:, Egypt, 13th century BC 1876:Military science fiction 1361:Technology and equipment 782:List of military tactics 11756:17th-century neologisms 11543:right to be a candidate 11373:Equality before the law 11084:Films featuring prisons 10941:Mount Tamalpais College 10595:Prisoner-of-war escapes 10325:Corrective labor colony 10132:Korean War POW Archives 9874:European History Online 9855:excerpt and text search 9814:1999. Cualann Press Ltd 9742:Hitler's British Slaves 9577:Encyclopædia Britannica 9356:Shaikh Azizur Rahman, " 8940:19 October 2018 at the 8921:3 November 2012 at the 8856:11 October 2017 at the 8801:The Legacy of Nuremberg 8361:13 October 2007 at the 8313:2 November 2007 at the 8262:24 January 2008 at the 8151:Studies in Intelligence 7843:Davies, Norman (2006). 7022:10 October 2017 at the 6977:Richard B. Speed, III. 6774:Encyclopædia Britannica 6703:Doctors Without Borders 6524:"Collected Works vol 6" 6480:Encyclopædia Britannica 6367:Introduction of Ad-Dahr 6041:26 January 2020 at the 5595:The Password is Courage 4970:third Indo-Pakistan war 4941:, where many perished. 4896:Battle of Dien Bien Phu 4821:A U.S. Army POW of the 4412:International Red Cross 3703:International Red Cross 3167:Australian Flying Corps 3116:International Red Cross 2927:Third Geneva Convention 2823:laws and customs of war 2815:Third Geneva Convention 2813:. To qualify under the 2799:First Sino-Japanese War 2714:Third Geneva Convention 2455:There also evolved the 2353:ransacked and destroyed 1944:Wartime sexual violence 1700:Full-spectrum dominance 1511:Supply-chain management 11403:Freedom of information 11388:Freedom of association 10718:Contemplative programs 10425:Youth detention center 10277:Prisoner of conscience 9970:– with Peter Copeland 9749: 7519:Hunter, Clare (2019). 6379:Lings, Martin (1983). 5588:P.O.W.- Bandi Yuddh Ke 5021:forces killed POWs at 5009:forces killed POWs at 4865: 4850: 4842: 4834: 4826: 4823:21st Infantry Regiment 4738: 4695: 4564: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4415: 4382:, the highest-scoring 4364: 4356: 4264:restarted air campaign 4232: 4184: 4116: 4093: 4023: 3959: 3865:Cabanatuan prison camp 3566: 3552:Armistice of Cassibile 3503: 3291: 3276:Allied Supreme Council 3260: 3199: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3054: 2883:Additional Protocol II 2802: 2727:fighters, and certain 2666:Andersonville, Georgia 2647: 2632: 2631:prison in October 1864 2428: 2386:early Muslim conquests 2344: 2207: 2117: 1856:Awards and decorations 1829:Peace through strength 1804:Low-intensity conflict 1438:Conscientious objector 1311:Area of responsibility 45: 11715:Intersex human rights 11523:Right of self-defense 11478:Right to a fair trial 10969:Prison-Ashram Project 10139:European Film Gateway 10033:UK National Archives. 9766:Treize Qu'ils Etaient 9717:Mutine at Koje Island 9119:Adams, (2007), p. 62. 8875:Morison, Samuel Eliot 8679:26 April 2009 at the 8474:www.timesofisrael.com 8076:aircrewremembered.com 7495:D-Days in the Pacific 7291:Felton, Mark (2007). 6036:"The Roman Gladiator" 5967:John Hickman (2002). 5581:The One That Got Away 5370:Further information: 5179:World War II (total) 4919:North Vietnamese Army 4856: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4820: 4791:Italian Service Units 4733: 4690: 4604:Disarmed Enemy Forces 4563:(Front- and Backside) 4558: 4550: 4542: 4526: 4449:, 560,000 to 760,000 4409: 4362: 4351: 4219: 4196:per soldier per day. 4182: 4111: 4087: 4074:Eastern European POWs 4021: 3957: 3560: 3493: 3289: 3243: 3235:commissioned officers 3197: 3076: 3068: 3060: 3049: 3030:Prisoner of War Medal 2999:Executive Order 10631 2978:, ill treatment, and 2889:are often treated as 2830:Additional Protocol I 2796: 2703:1907 Hague Convention 2638: 2623: 2604:exchange of prisoners 2494:James Fenimore Cooper 2470:Further information: 2423: 2331: 2202: 2107: 2088:, recruiting or even 448:Torpedo data computer 438:Ship gun fire-control 35: 11602:Right to development 11483:Right to family life 11433:Freedom from torture 11418:Freedom from slavery 11153:Ireland, Republic of 10843:Solitary confinement 10404:Prisoner-of-war camp 10086:CBC Digital Archives 10057:UK National Archives 9962:webcast conversation 9620:'s 1999 documentary 9579:(CD ed.). 2002. 9369:The Washington Times 9363:28 July 2020 at the 9242:14 July 2014 at the 8439:James J. Weingartner 8402:Saint Helen's Island 8382:4 March 2016 at the 8374:Paul M. Cole (1994) 8154:, Winter 1999–2000. 7645:11 June 2007 at the 7614:"Ben Aharon Yitzhak" 7458:Daws, Gavan (1994). 7416:27 July 2003 at the 7176:Lowe, Keith (2012), 6260:Arqueología Mexicana 6202:4 March 2016 at the 5920:Dialogus Miraculorum 5849:Prisoner of war mail 5764:Prisoner-of-war camp 5377:Films and television 4986:In 1991, during the 4979:In 1982, during the 4939:"re-education" camps 4933:and American forces 4684:, told US President 4373:Battle of Stalingrad 4237:Operation Tidal Wave 4212:Western Allies' POWs 4103:Grigoriy Krivosheyev 4099:Operation Barbarossa 4064:Giovannino Guareschi 3994:, officially called 3925:Western Allies' POWs 3725:Jack Bridger Chalker 3518:, either during the 3190:Release of prisoners 3178:prisoners (from the 3006:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2982:of individuals, and 2562:both sides used the 2524:prisoner-of-war camp 2296:allegedly replied, " 1974:Military occupations 1809:Military engineering 1711:Unrestricted Warfare 1568:Force multiplication 466:Military manoeuvrers 21:POW (disambiguation) 11413:Freedom of religion 11408:Freedom of movement 11383:Freedom of assembly 11365:Civil and political 11020:Prison Reform Trust 10123:(World War II) ICRC 9866:Scheipers, Sibylle 9747:Desflandres, Jean, 9575:"Prisoner of War". 9425:on 31 December 2022 9395:on 26 December 2022 9009:14 May 2011 at the 8990:14 May 2011 at the 8356:Introduction online 8172:on 16 February 2012 8097:on 19 December 2007 7482:Daws (1994), p. 297 6717:"Geneva Convention" 6478:"Prisoner of war", 5979:(2). Archived from 5651:Slaughterhouse Five 5483:Faith of My Fathers 5462:Escape from Sobibor 5298:60,000 captured by 5197:1,800,000 taken by 4992:Major Rhonda Cornum 4974:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 4968:in 1971 led to the 4955:13 October massacre 4892:First Indochina War 4561:of a German General 4447:Soviet–Japanese War 4418:As a result of the 3992:Berga an der Elster 3540:medical experiments 3500:Battle of Singapore 3486:Japanese war crimes 3172:Czechoslovak Legion 3147:British Indian Army 2864:unlawful combatants 2540:Norman Cross Prison 2526:was established at 2490:captivity narrative 2446:Peace of Westphalia 2426:Jan van Huchtenburg 2292:, the papal legate 2270:Albigensian Crusade 2242:Battle of Agincourt 2166:Rape of the Sabines 1660:Penal military unit 1645:Rules of engagement 1321:Command and control 946:Operations research 410:Director (military) 400:Fire-control system 170:Command and control 51:Part of a series on 11730:Right to sexuality 11607:Right to education 11533:Security of person 11428:Freedom of thought 11027:WriteAPrisoner.com 10790:Protective custody 10339:Extermination camp 10270:Political prisoner 10077:Clifford Reddish. 10001:Donald E. Casey – 9726:; Pantheon, 2004. 9724:War Trash: A novel 9633:Lewis H. Carlson, 9510:, Bielefeld 1976, 9388:The New York Times 9260:7 May 2013 at the 9072:on 7 February 2012 9046:on 17 January 2012 8743:The New York Times 8712:The New York Times 8696:, 17 December 2001 7799:Daniel Goldhagen, 7638:See, for example, 7564:on 5 February 2012 7547:(2006) pp. 183–214 7316:Tsuyoshi, Masuda. 7056:(1941) pp. 620–622 6800:The New York Times 6749:on 29 October 2021 6329:Roger DuPasquier. 6227:on 18 January 2012 5973:Scientia Militaria 5930:to have said that. 5728:Von Ryan's Express 5686:Tea with Mussolini 5560:The McKenzie Break 5427:The Brylcreem Boys 5366:In popular culture 5267:≈175,000 taken by 5117:Unknown number in 4959:June 1990 massacre 4935:were also tortured 4890:At the end of the 4866: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4807:Operation Keelhaul 4743:Battle of Iwo Jima 4739: 4662:NKVD special camps 4577:Stephen E. Ambrose 4565: 4553: 4545: 4537: 4502:Operation Keelhaul 4416: 4386:in the history of 4365: 4357: 4233: 4185: 4117: 4094: 4060:military internees 4024: 3976:Yitzhak Ben-Aharon 3960: 3867:, produced in 1946 3863:POW art depicting 3575:surrender of Japan 3567: 3563:Bataan Death March 3504: 3292: 3200: 3079: 3071: 3063: 3055: 2903:American Civil War 2803: 2755:(if applicable). 2733:Geneva Conventions 2721:military personnel 2658:American Civil War 2648: 2633: 2610:American Civil War 2579:Prisoner exchanges 2448:, which ended the 2429: 2345: 2208: 2118: 1769:Counter-insurgency 1690:Command of the sea 1635:Jewish laws on war 1610:Geneva Conventions 1146:Divide and conquer 941:Military operation 906:Tactical objective 405:Fire-control radar 382:Electronic-warfare 46: 11738: 11737: 11637:Right to property 11597:Right to clothing 11582:Fair remuneration 11550:Right to homeland 11498:Right to petition 11423:Freedom of speech 11315: 11314: 11251:England and Wales 10991:Prison Legal News 10976:Prison Fellowship 10934:Justice Defenders 10604: 10603: 10208:Prison healthcare 10105:Lamsdorf Reunited 9922:978-1-59237-170-9 9911:978-1-59237-120-4 9795:Gascare, Pierre. 9780:Doylem Robert C. 9732:978-0-375-42276-8 9623:Return with Honor 9518:, pp. 42–136, 254 9219:Los Angeles Times 9142:978-1-5584-9595-1 8788:978-0-472-10380-5 8749:on 28 March 2023. 8683:, 2 February 2005 8614:978-0-7146-5657-1 8468:Philpot, Robert. 8425:978-0-19-280670-3 8058:iar80flyagain.org 8027:Armă, Alexandru. 7971:James D. Morrow, 7916:978-0-8090-9325-0 7856:978-0-330-35212-3 7441:, by Gavan Daws, 7302:978-1-84415-647-4 6861:on 4 January 2014 6723:on 21 August 2007 6662:on 21 August 2013 6450:978-3-525-30099-2 6169:Europe: A History 6130:Raphael Holinshed 6083:www.newadvent.org 5918:According to the 5890:Harper, Douglas. 5814:Illegal combatant 5789:Civilian Internee 5774:1952 POW olympics 5658:Some Kind of Hero 5574:Missing in Action 5476:Escape to Victory 5455:Empire of the Sun 5434:The Colditz Story 5363: 5362: 4813:Post-World War II 4736:Battle of Okinawa 4678:Robert H. Jackson 4584:listening devices 4573:Geneva Convention 4295:Operation Reunion 4257:Catherine Caradja 4125:Hague Conventions 4121:Geneva Convention 3945:Geneva Convention 3764:Ashley George Old 3733:Ashley George Old 3699: 3698: 3594:Number of Deaths 3516:Hague Conventions 3468: 3467: 3384:Eastern Europeans 3184:Russian Civil War 2972:war of aggression 2807:lawful combatants 2737:protected persons 2691:international law 2646:POW camp, c. 1865 2560:Battle of Leipzig 2512:Pacific Northwest 2486:King Philip's War 2450:Thirty Years' War 2412:(spoils of war). 2315:could hope to be 2278:Northern Crusades 2047: 2046: 1939:Horses in warfare 1886:Anti-war movement 1789:Gunboat diplomacy 1779:Disaster response 1727:Philosophy of war 1722:Principles of war 1695:Deterrence theory 1640:Right of conquest 1563:Lanchester's laws 1331:Principles of war 1021:Counter-offensive 1006:Military campaign 911:Target saturation 834:Counterinsurgency 443:Gun data computer 377:Close air support 339:Aircraft carriers 40:captivity during 11778: 11761:Aftermath of war 11751:Prisoners of war 11627:Right to housing 11561:Economic, social 11508:Right to protest 11503:Right to privacy 11342: 11335: 11328: 11319: 11318: 11308: 11304: 11303: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11276: 11267: 11260: 11258:Northern Ireland 11253: 11246: 11239: 11234: 11227: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11127: 11120: 11113: 11106: 11086: 11079: 11072: 11054: 11047: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10994: 10985: 10978: 10971: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10929: 10922: 10915: 10908: 10901: 10880: 10873: 10866: 10859: 10852: 10845: 10838: 10831: 10822: 10815: 10806: 10799: 10792: 10783: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10755: 10748: 10741: 10734: 10727: 10720: 10711: 10704: 10686: 10679: 10672: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10597: 10588: 10581: 10561: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10533: 10526: 10519: 10512: 10505: 10498: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10464:Maximum security 10459: 10452: 10445: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10406: 10399: 10392: 10383: 10376: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10348: 10341: 10334: 10327: 10320: 10307: 10306: 10293: 10286: 10279: 10272: 10265: 10258: 10251: 10244: 10224: 10217: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10172: 10165: 10158: 10149: 10148: 10031:Prisoners of War 9950:Representatives. 9933:Winton, Andrew, 9915: 9884:Paul J. Springer 9752: 9580: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9535:on 26 March 2023 9525: 9519: 9500: 9494: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9458: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9421:. Archived from 9411: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9391:. Archived from 9378: 9372: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9334:. Archived from 9318: 9312: 9311: 9306:. Archived from 9296: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9285: 9271: 9265: 9252: 9246: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9190:. Archived from 9179: 9173: 9151: 9145: 9126: 9120: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9098:on 19 April 2023 9088: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9062: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9036: 9030: 9020: 9014: 9001: 8995: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8956: 8950: 8932: 8926: 8925:, historynet.com 8916:Battle of Saipan 8913: 8907: 8906: 8871: 8865: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8839:on 1 March 2005. 8838: 8832:. Archived from 8827: 8818: 8812: 8797: 8791: 8780: 8774: 8767: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8745:. Archived from 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8718:on 28 March 2023 8714:. Archived from 8703: 8697: 8690: 8684: 8670: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8647:. Archived from 8636: 8630: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8598: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8542:on 10 March 2007 8532:"Ike's Revenge?" 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8511: 8505:. Archived from 8500: 8491: 8482: 8481: 8480:on 7 April 2023. 8476:. Archived from 8465: 8459: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8411: 8405: 8394: 8388: 8372: 8366: 8344:Gulag: A History 8338: 8332: 8320:Logos Publishers 8305: 8299: 8285:UN Press Release 8282: 8273: 8254: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8221: 8215: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8161: 8155: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8123:on 12 April 2012 8113: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8050: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8009: 7998: 7997: 7989: 7976: 7969: 7963: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7897:Michael Burleigh 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7877:on 20 March 2012 7867: 7861: 7860: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7824:on 30 March 2008 7820:. Archived from 7810: 7804: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7777:. Archived from 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7751:. Archived from 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7721:. Archived from 7711: 7705: 7702: 7696: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7656: 7650: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7620:on 18 March 2012 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7554: 7548: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7489: 7483: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7455: 7449: 7436: 7430: 7427: 7421: 7408: 7402: 7395: 7389: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7349: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7280:on 5 April 2023. 7279: 7273:. Archived from 7272: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7241: 7235: 7230:Akira Fujiwara, 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7198:on 5 April 2023. 7194:. Archived from 7188: 7182: 7180: 7173: 7167: 7165: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7082: 7076: 7063: 7057: 7050: 7044: 7033: 7027: 7014: 7008: 7003:Desmond Morton, 7001: 6995: 6992:The Pity of War. 6988: 6982: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6959:on 26 March 2023 6945: 6939: 6912: 6906: 6903:The Pity of War. 6901:Niall Ferguson, 6899: 6893: 6886: 6880: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6860: 6854:. Archived from 6853: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6825:. Archived from 6814: 6808: 6807: 6806:on 7 April 2023. 6802:. Archived from 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6695: 6689: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6508:on 5 April 2023. 6504:. Archived from 6492:Historic England 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6376: 6370: 6365:Maududi (1967), 6363: 6357: 6356: 6350: 6340: 6334: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6269: 6263: 6256: 6250: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6217: 6211: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6126: 6120: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6085:. Archived from 6075: 6069: 6068: 6067:on 12 July 2018. 6063:. Archived from 6052: 6046: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6015: 6009:. Archived from 6008: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5983:on 26 March 2023 5964: 5947: 5937: 5931: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5886: 5749:The Wooden Horse 5735:The Walking Dead 5616:The Purple Heart 5497:The Great Escape 5469:Escape to Athena 5339: 5337: 5336: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5289:Kingdom of Italy 5287: 5285: 5284: 5274:Persian Gulf War 5261: 5259: 5258: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5110:Rüdiger Overmans 5098: 5096: 5095: 5077: 5076: 4931:South Vietnamese 4860:POWs during the 4803:Yalta Conference 4682:Nuremberg trials 4609:Rheinwiesenlager 4533:Rheinwiesenlager 4284: 4230: 3896: 3881:Leonard Siffleet 3876: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3820: 3809:U.S. Navy nurses 3805: 3790:U.S. Army Nurses 3786: 3774: 3759: 3580: 3579: 3528:Emperor Hirohito 3496:Suffolk Regiment 3305: 3304: 3258: 3180:Austro-Hungarian 3124:Austro-Hungarian 2940:of their capture 2819:chain of command 2811:enemy combatants 2398: 2395: 2342: 2339: 2258:Christian Europe 2232: 2230: 2181:Acacius of Amida 2074:enemy combatants 2039: 2032: 2025: 1794:Humanitarian aid 1732:Security dilemma 1553:Power projection 1336:Economy of force 1316:Chain of command 1031:Defence in depth 1016:Commerce raiding 839:Defeat in detail 175:Defense ministry 79: 70: 69: 60: 48: 47: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11776: 11775: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11734: 11705:Family planning 11690: 11681: 11657:Right of return 11617:Right to health 11565: 11562: 11554: 11518:Right to resist 11468:Right of asylum 11359: 11352: 11346: 11316: 11311: 11299: 11287: 11279: 11272: 11263: 11256: 11249: 11242: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11214: 11207: 11200: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11151: 11144: 11137: 11130: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11102: 11089: 11082: 11075: 11068: 11057: 11050: 11043: 11032: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11004: 10997: 10988: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10960: 10953: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10925: 10918: 10911: 10904: 10896: 10885: 10876: 10871:Women in prison 10869: 10862: 10855: 10848: 10841: 10834: 10827: 10818: 10811: 10802: 10795: 10788: 10779: 10774:Private prisons 10772: 10765: 10758: 10751: 10744: 10737: 10730: 10723: 10716: 10707: 10700: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10659: 10652: 10645: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10600: 10593: 10584: 10577: 10564: 10557: 10550: 10543: 10536: 10529: 10522: 10515: 10508: 10501: 10494: 10483: 10476: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10448: 10441: 10435:Security levels 10430: 10423: 10416: 10409: 10402: 10395: 10388: 10379: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10323: 10316: 10296: 10289: 10284:Prisoner of war 10282: 10275: 10268: 10261: 10254: 10247: 10240: 10227: 10220: 10213: 10206: 10199: 10192: 10181: 10176: 10021: 9912: 9818:Krammer, Arnold 9810:McGowran, Tom, 9792:on 26 June 2010 9763:Devaux, Roger. 9760: 9758:Further reading 9626:, presented by 9613: 9611:Primary sources 9584:Gendercide site 9574: 9554: 9549: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9527: 9526: 9522: 9501: 9497: 9480: 9476: 9468: 9461: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9413: 9412: 9408: 9398: 9396: 9379: 9375: 9365:Wayback Machine 9355: 9351: 9341: 9339: 9338:on 6 April 2023 9320: 9319: 9315: 9310:on 17 May 2022. 9298: 9297: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9262:Wayback Machine 9253: 9249: 9244:Wayback Machine 9234: 9230: 9211: 9207: 9197: 9195: 9194:on 9 April 2023 9180: 9176: 9162:Wayback Machine 9152: 9148: 9127: 9123: 9118: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9075: 9073: 9064: 9063: 9059: 9049: 9047: 9038: 9037: 9033: 9021: 9017: 9011:Wayback Machine 9002: 8998: 8992:Wayback Machine 8983: 8979: 8969: 8967: 8966:on 6 April 2023 8958: 8957: 8953: 8942:Wayback Machine 8933: 8929: 8923:Wayback Machine 8914: 8910: 8895: 8881:. Volume 14 of 8872: 8868: 8858:Wayback Machine 8848: 8844: 8836: 8825: 8821:Tarczai, Bela. 8819: 8815: 8809:Wayback Machine 8798: 8794: 8781: 8777: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8754: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8704: 8700: 8691: 8687: 8681:Wayback Machine 8671: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8651:on 4 April 2023 8637: 8633: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8599: 8592: 8586: 8582: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8564: 8559: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8515: 8513: 8512:on 5 April 2023 8509: 8498: 8492: 8485: 8466: 8462: 8457:Wayback Machine 8437: 8433: 8426: 8412: 8408: 8395: 8391: 8384:Wayback Machine 8373: 8369: 8363:Wayback Machine 8339: 8335: 8315:Wayback Machine 8306: 8302: 8292:Wayback Machine 8283: 8276: 8264:Wayback Machine 8255: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8235:on 26 July 2009 8223: 8222: 8218: 8200:Wayback Machine 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8162: 8158: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8100: 8098: 8087: 8083: 8078:. October 2018. 8070: 8069: 8065: 8052: 8051: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8025: 8021: 8010: 8001: 7990: 7979: 7970: 7966: 7954:. Penguin 2001 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7857: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7781:on 6 April 2023 7773: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7755:on 7 April 2023 7743: 7742: 7738: 7728: 7726: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7704:Ambrose, pp 360 7703: 7699: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7657: 7653: 7647:Wayback Machine 7637: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7597: 7595: 7594:on 5 April 2023 7582: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7543:Richard Vinen, 7542: 7538: 7531: 7517: 7513: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7456: 7452: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7424: 7418:Wayback Machine 7409: 7405: 7396: 7392: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7350: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7328:on 6 April 2023 7314: 7310: 7303: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7256:on 12 May 2023. 7250:The Independent 7242: 7238: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7174: 7170: 7139: 7135: 7125: 7123: 7122:on 19 July 2010 7110: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7084: 7083: 7079: 7073:Wayback Machine 7064: 7060: 7051: 7047: 7034: 7030: 7024:Wayback Machine 7015: 7011: 7002: 6998: 6989: 6985: 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6947: 6946: 6942: 6924:Wayback Machine 6913: 6909: 6900: 6896: 6887: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6829:on 8 April 2023 6815: 6811: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6622: 6618: 6608: 6606: 6605:on 7 March 2023 6597: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6552:on 7 April 2023 6546:leipzig-lese.de 6540: 6539: 6535: 6517: 6513: 6489: 6485: 6477: 6473: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6412: 6408: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6364: 6360: 6341: 6337: 6331:Unveiling Islam 6328: 6324: 6317: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6278:Natural History 6270: 6266: 6257: 6253: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6204:Wayback Machine 6195: 6191: 6184: 6161: 6157: 6150: 6127: 6123: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6053: 6049: 6043:Wayback Machine 6034: 6030: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6006: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5938: 5934: 5917: 5913: 5902: 5900: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5799:Elsa Brändström 5759: 5754: 5707:To End All Wars 5700:Three Came Home 5623:The Railway Man 5448:The Deer Hunter 5379: 5374: 5368: 5341:Empire of Japan 5334: 5332: 5313: 5311: 5282: 5280: 5256: 5254: 5235: 5233: 5210: 5208: 5186: 5184: 5157: 5155: 5113: 5107: 5093: 5091: 5064: 5062:Numbers of POWs 5030:Sino-Indian War 4898:and led by the 4815: 4799: 4771: 4728: 4700: 4562: 4560: 4521: 4516: 4500:Main articles: 4498: 4488: 4475: 4457:, Korea, South 4443: 4404: 4346: 4341: 4305:Main articles: 4303: 4287:Mihail Racoviță 4278: 4224: 4214: 4138: 4133: 4082: 4076: 4068:My Secret Diary 4055: 4045:Operation Achse 4043:Main articles: 4041: 3997:Arbeitskommando 3980:Palestinian Jew 3933: 3927: 3918: 3912: 3910:French soldiers 3907: 3900: 3897: 3888: 3879:Australian POW 3877: 3868: 3861: 3852: 3849: 3840: 3837: 3828: 3821: 3812: 3806: 3797: 3787: 3778: 3775: 3766: 3760: 3729:Philip Meninsky 3644:The Netherlands 3591:Number of POWs 3508:Empire of Japan 3488: 3478: 3476:Empire of Japan 3473: 3313:POWs that died 3312: 3284: 3259: 3256: 3192: 3044: 3038: 2992: 2923: 2909:, although the 2791: 2699: 2682: 2664:, located near 2653:Dix–Hill Cartel 2618: 2612: 2602:system for the 2589:Napoleonic Wars 2581: 2564:city's cemetery 2536:Napoleonic Wars 2520: 2482:Mary Rowlandson 2474: 2468: 2418: 2396: 2340: 2227: 2218:in 464 the nun 2197: 2102: 2051:prisoner of war 2043: 2014: 2013: 1964: 1954: 1953: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1851: 1841: 1840: 1814:Multilateralism 1799:Law enforcement 1759: 1749: 1748: 1717:Just war theory 1675: 1665: 1664: 1615:Geneva Protocol 1585: 1575: 1574: 1548: 1538: 1537: 1479: 1469: 1468: 1376: 1366: 1365: 1306: 1296: 1295: 1261: 1251: 1250: 1181:Network-centric 1101: 1091: 1090: 998: 988: 987: 936: 926: 925: 874:Rapid dominance 779: 769: 768: 724:Electromagnetic 633: 623: 622: 609: 562: 510: 486: 476: 475: 471:Combat training 452: 429: 395:Combat systems: 391: 353: 349:Auxiliary ships 315: 275: 271:Military police 237: 160: 150: 149: 89: 63: 62: 61: 56: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11784: 11774: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11696: 11694: 11683: 11682: 11680: 11679: 11674: 11672:Right to water 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11647:Right of reply 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11572:Digital rights 11568: 11566: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11546: 11545: 11535: 11530: 11528:Right to truth 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11369: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11345: 11344: 11337: 11330: 11322: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11309: 11297: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11277: 11270: 11269: 11268: 11261: 11254: 11247: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11177: 11170: 11163: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11135: 11128: 11121: 11114: 11107: 11099: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11080: 11073: 11065: 11063: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11048: 11045:Rehabilitation 11040: 11038: 11037:Leaving prison 11034: 11033: 11031: 11030: 11023: 11016: 11009: 11002: 10995: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10927:Justice Action 10923: 10916: 10909: 10906:Black and Pink 10902: 10893: 10891: 10887: 10886: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10867: 10860: 10853: 10846: 10839: 10832: 10825: 10824: 10823: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10793: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10770: 10763: 10756: 10749: 10742: 10735: 10728: 10721: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10697: 10695: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10687: 10680: 10673: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10657: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10627: 10620: 10612: 10610: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10598: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10579:Prison escapes 10574: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10562: 10555: 10548: 10541: 10534: 10527: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10499: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10474: 10467: 10460: 10453: 10446: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10421: 10414: 10407: 10400: 10393: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10377: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10342: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10313: 10311: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10294: 10287: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10237: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10218: 10211: 10204: 10197: 10189: 10187: 10183: 10182: 10175: 10174: 10167: 10160: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10140: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10118: 10113: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10070: 10069:Historical Eye 10064: 10058: 10052: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10020: 10019:External links 10017: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10011:978-1448669875 9999: 9997:978-0615659053 9982: 9980:978-0891414636 9954: 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Gullett, 9661: 9646: 9631: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9589: 9586: 9581: 9572: 9567: 9553: 9550: 9547: 9546: 9520: 9495: 9474: 9459: 9436: 9406: 9373: 9349: 9313: 9291: 9266: 9247: 9228: 9205: 9174: 9146: 9121: 9109: 9083: 9057: 9031: 9028:978-8849523560 9015: 8996: 8977: 8951: 8927: 8908: 8893: 8866: 8849:Thorpe, Nick. 8842: 8813: 8792: 8775: 8771:Heinz Nawratil 8762: 8752: 8729: 8698: 8694:New York Times 8685: 8662: 8631: 8613: 8590: 8580: 8571: 8562: 8553: 8523: 8483: 8460: 8431: 8424: 8406: 8389: 8367: 8341:Anne Applebaum 8333: 8300: 8274: 8272:, 7 March 1998 8246: 8216: 8183: 8164:Michael Hope. 8156: 8134: 8108: 8081: 8063: 8042: 8019: 8016:(in Romanian). 7999: 7996:(in Romanian). 7977: 7975:, 2014, p. 218 7964: 7943: 7922: 7915: 7888: 7862: 7855: 7835: 7818:Historynet.com 7805: 7792: 7766: 7736: 7725:on 5 July 2017 7706: 7697: 7680: 7651: 7631: 7605: 7575: 7549: 7536: 7530:978-1473687912 7529: 7511: 7505:978-1439128817 7504: 7484: 7475: 7468: 7450: 7431: 7422: 7403: 7390: 7388:, 2001, p. 360 7372: 7366:978-0813327181 7365: 7357:Hidden Horrors 7339: 7308: 7301: 7283: 7259: 7236: 7223: 7201: 7183: 7168: 7149:(2): 148–192, 7143:War in History 7133: 7103: 7077: 7058: 7052:H.S. Gullett, 7045: 7035:Peter Dennis, 7028: 7009: 6996: 6983: 6970: 6953:New York Times 6940: 6907: 6894: 6881: 6872: 6840: 6809: 6786: 6760: 6734: 6708: 6690: 6673: 6647: 6616: 6590: 6584:978-0817317836 6583: 6563: 6533: 6511: 6483: 6471: 6456: 6449: 6431: 6425:978-0199577576 6424: 6418:. OUP Oxford. 6406: 6391: 6371: 6358: 6335: 6322: 6316:978-0231132909 6315: 6295: 6264: 6251: 6238: 6212: 6189: 6182: 6164:Davies, Norman 6155: 6148: 6121: 6100: 6089:on 11 May 2023 6070: 6047: 6028: 6016:on 24 May 2015 5994: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5932: 5911: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5794:Duty to escape 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5742:Who Goes Next? 5738: 5731: 5724: 5721:Uncommon Valor 5717: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5525:Hogan's Heroes 5521: 5514: 5507: 5504:The Great Raid 5500: 5493: 5490:Grand Illusion 5486: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5343: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5291: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5265: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5242:United Kingdom 5230: 5229: 5226: 5219: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5172:(about 3 5166: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5115: 5102: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5063: 5060: 5056:Russian forces 5001:in the 1990s, 4961:in Sri Lanka. 4951:Yom Kippur War 4814: 4811: 4798: 4795: 4770: 4767: 4727: 4724: 4718:—little work. 4716:malenkij robot 4699: 4696: 4686:Harry S Truman 4628:war reparation 4520: 4517: 4487: 4484: 4474: 4471: 4442: 4439: 4428:Katyn massacre 4403: 4400: 4388:aerial warfare 4380:Erich Hartmann 4352:German POW at 4345: 4342: 4335:Katyn massacre 4302: 4299: 4249:Timișul de Jos 4213: 4210: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4078:Main article: 4075: 4072: 4040: 4037: 3984:Greece in 1941 3937:British Empire 3926: 3923: 3914:Main article: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3891: 3889: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3862: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3800: 3798: 3788: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3769: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3672:United States 3669: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3658:United Kingdom 3655: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3571:Tokyo Tribunal 3522:or during the 3494:Troops of the 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3296:Niall Ferguson 3283: 3280: 3264:Central Powers 3254: 3217:demobilisation 3191: 3188: 3143:Ottoman Empire 3040:Main article: 3037: 3034: 2991: 2988: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2934: 2922: 2919: 2835:Francs-tireurs 2790: 2789:Qualifications 2787: 2783:Commando Order 2775:Imperial Japan 2753:service number 2698: 2695: 2681: 2678: 2614:Main article: 2611: 2608: 2593:Anglo-American 2580: 2577: 2519: 2516: 2510:people on the 2504:John R. Jewitt 2467: 2464: 2417: 2414: 2294:Arnaud Amalric 2254:religious wars 2231: 481–511 2196: 2193: 2124:. Early Roman 2101: 2098: 2094:indoctrinating 2067:armed conflict 2045: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1979:Military terms 1976: 1971: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1737:Tripwire force 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1491: 1486: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1259:Administrative 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1186:New generation 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1161:Fleet in being 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1102: 1099:Grand strategy 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1086:Scorched earth 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 999: 994: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 963:Deep operation 960: 955: 948: 943: 937: 932: 931: 928: 927: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 892: 891: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 810: 809: 804: 799: 789: 780: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 764:Unconventional 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 712: 710:Disinformation 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 681: 680: 675: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 634: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 615: 608: 607: 606: 605: 604: 603: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 561: 560: 559: 558: 557: 556: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 509: 508: 507: 506: 501: 496: 487: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 473: 468: 463: 461:Basic training 458: 451: 450: 445: 440: 435: 428: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 390: 389: 387:Reconnaissance 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 314: 313: 308: 306:Special forces 303: 298: 297: 296: 286: 281: 274: 273: 268: 263: 261:Reconnaissance 258: 253: 248: 243: 236: 235: 226: 221: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 161: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 140: 130: 129: 128: 123: 113: 112: 111: 104:Post-classical 101: 96: 90: 85: 84: 81: 80: 72: 71: 53: 52: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11783: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11688: 11684: 11678: 11677:Right to work 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11612:Right to food 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11557: 11551: 11548: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11493:Right to life 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11355: 11351: 11343: 11338: 11336: 11331: 11329: 11324: 11323: 11320: 11307: 11298: 11295: 11286: 11285: 11282: 11275: 11274:United States 11271: 11266: 11262: 11259: 11255: 11252: 11248: 11245: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11222: 11217: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11199: 11196: 11192: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11150: 11147: 11143: 11140: 11136: 11133: 11129: 11126: 11122: 11119: 11115: 11112: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11100: 11098: 11096: 11092: 11085: 11081: 11078: 11074: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11060: 11053: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11035: 11028: 11024: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11007: 11003: 11000: 10996: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10984: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10959: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10945: 10942: 10938: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10910: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890:Organizations 10888: 10879: 10878:United States 10875: 10874: 10872: 10868: 10865: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10847: 10844: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10826: 10821: 10820:United States 10817: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10805: 10804:United States 10801: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10781:United States 10778: 10777: 10775: 10771: 10768: 10764: 10761: 10757: 10754: 10753:Mobile phones 10750: 10747: 10743: 10740: 10736: 10733: 10729: 10726: 10722: 10719: 10715: 10710: 10709:United States 10706: 10705: 10703: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10694:Social issues 10692: 10685: 10681: 10678: 10674: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10658: 10655: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10639: 10638:United States 10635: 10634: 10632: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10596: 10592: 10587: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10567: 10560: 10556: 10553: 10552:Trusty system 10549: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10521: 10518: 10514: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10486: 10479: 10475: 10472: 10468: 10465: 10461: 10458: 10454: 10451: 10447: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10426: 10422: 10419: 10415: 10412: 10408: 10405: 10401: 10398: 10394: 10391: 10387: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10361: 10357: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10340: 10336: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10299: 10292: 10288: 10285: 10281: 10278: 10274: 10271: 10267: 10264: 10260: 10257: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10223: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10205: 10202: 10198: 10195: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10179:Incarceration 10173: 10168: 10166: 10161: 10159: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10144: 10141: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10062: 10059: 10056: 10053: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10041: 10038: 10035: 10032: 10029: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9968:Rhonda Cornum 9966: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9898: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9870: 9865: 9862: 9858: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9845: 9841: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9830:0-8128-8561-9 9827: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9809: 9806: 9805:2-07-022686-7 9802: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9777: 9776:2-916062-51-3 9773: 9769: 9767: 9762: 9761: 9751: 9746: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9718: 9715:Vetter, Hal, 9714: 9711: 9707: 9704: 9703:0-14-014925-2 9700: 9696: 9695:Behind Bamboo 9692: 9689: 9688:0-86445-047-8 9685: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9644: 9643:0-465-09120-2 9640: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9604: 9600: 9598: 9597:3-8012-5023-7 9594: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9578: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9534: 9530: 9524: 9517: 9516:3-7694-0003-8 9513: 9509: 9505: 9504:Erich Maschke 9499: 9492: 9491:3-492-12056-3 9488: 9484: 9478: 9471: 9466: 9464: 9457: 9456:0-304-35864-9 9453: 9449: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9410: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9384: 9377: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9353: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9328: 9323: 9317: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9295: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9251: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9232: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9209: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9178: 9172: 9171:1-4259-5120-1 9168: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9156: 9150: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9116: 9114: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9071: 9067: 9061: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9029: 9025: 9019: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8989: 8986: 8981: 8965: 8961: 8955: 8947: 8946:Eddie Stanton 8943: 8939: 8936: 8931: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8912: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8894:0-252-07065-8 8890: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8852: 8846: 8835: 8831: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8796: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8772: 8766: 8756: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8689: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8669: 8667: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8635: 8628: 8616: 8610: 8606: 8605: 8597: 8595: 8584: 8575: 8566: 8557: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8508: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8488: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8464: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8427: 8421: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8399: 8393: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8371: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8352:0-7679-0056-1 8349: 8345: 8342: 8337: 8331: 8330:5-88439-093-9 8327: 8323: 8321: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8304: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8281: 8279: 8271: 8270: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8253: 8251: 8234: 8230: 8229:Sankeishinbun 8226: 8220: 8214: 8213:0-674-07608-7 8210: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8187: 8171: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8138: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8096: 8092: 8089:Rees, Simon. 8085: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8031:(in Romanian) 8030: 8023: 8015: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7995: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7974: 7968: 7961: 7960:0-14-100131-3 7957: 7953: 7947: 7932: 7926: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7858: 7852: 7848: 7847: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7802: 7796: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7740: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7701: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7655: 7649:(book review) 7648: 7644: 7641: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7579: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7546: 7540: 7532: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7488: 7479: 7471: 7469:1-920769-12-9 7465: 7461: 7454: 7448: 7447:0-688-14370-9 7444: 7440: 7435: 7426: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7407: 7400: 7394: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7368: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7312: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7287: 7276: 7269: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7227: 7211: 7205: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7179: 7172: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7092:on 9 May 2012 7091: 7087: 7081: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7043:(2008) p. 429 7042: 7038: 7032: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7000: 6993: 6987: 6980: 6974: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6937:0-7864-3744-8 6934: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6898: 6891: 6885: 6876: 6857: 6850: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6790: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6687: 6683: 6677: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6586: 6580: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6467: 6460: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6427: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6392:0-89281-046-7 6388: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6339: 6332: 6326: 6318: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6255: 6248: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6193: 6185: 6183:0-19-520912-5 6179: 6175: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6151: 6149:0-521-84792-3 6145: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6118: 6117:0-14-051312-4 6114: 6110: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6032: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5602:Paradise Road 5599: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5441:Danger Within 5438: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5392:Andersonville 5389: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5373: 5359:World War II 5358: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5331: 5330: 5327:World War II 5326: 5323: 5321: 5320:United States 5310: 5309: 5306:World War II 5305: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5264: 5253: 5252: 5249:World War II 5248: 5245: 5243: 5232: 5231: 5228:World War II 5227: 5224: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5206: 5203:World War II 5202: 5200: 5196: 5194: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5090: 5089: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5046: 5045:Iran–Iraq War 5041: 5039: 5035: 5034:mental asylum 5031: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4999:Yugoslav Wars 4995: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4982: 4981:Falklands War 4977: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4905: 4904:death marches 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4712:forced labour 4709: 4704: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4588:eavesdropping 4585: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4557: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4480:John H. Noble 4470: 4468: 4464: 4463:Kuril Islands 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4413: 4408: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4361: 4355: 4350: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4272:Normal School 4269: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4209: 4207: 4206:court-martial 4201: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4190:Ion Antonescu 4181: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4142:Romanian Army 4128: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4033: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4014: 4013: 4012:Terrorflieger 4008: 4004: 4000: 3998: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3968:the Holocaust 3965: 3956: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3922: 3917: 3895: 3890: 3887:sword in 1943 3886: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3780: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3744:Changi Prison 3740: 3738: 3737:Ronald Searle 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3548:Death Railway 3545: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3311:Percentage of 3306: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3268:forced labour 3265: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095:German Empire 3091: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3067: 3059: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3025: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2881:is guided by 2880: 2876: 2875:international 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2795: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745:date of birth 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2674:Elmira Prison 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2576: 2573: 2572:burial vaults 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2422: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349:Mongol Empire 2335: 2334:Codex Mendoza 2330: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282:Baltic region 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248:In the later 2246: 2245:the English. 2243: 2239: 2234: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2154:for example. 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2108:Engraving of 2106: 2100:Ancient times 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1866:Warrior caste 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1836:Show of force 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1824:Peacebuilding 1822: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680:Air supremacy 1678: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620:Islamic rules 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600:Court-martial 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1499:Arms industry 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116:Broken-backed 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 991: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 958:Expeditionary 956: 954: 953: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 938: 935: 930: 929: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 890: 887: 886: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 829:Counterattack 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 778: 773: 772: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 754:Psychological 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 690:Combined arms 688: 686: 683: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 632: 627: 626: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 568: 567: 564: 563: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:Fortification 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 515: 512: 511: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 491: 489: 488: 485: 480: 479: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 347: 345: 344:Landing craft 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 295: 292: 291: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 276: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 234: 230: 229:Standing army 227: 225: 222: 220: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 159: 154: 153: 144: 141: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 127: 124: 122: 121:pike and shot 119: 118: 117: 114: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 91: 88: 83: 82: 78: 74: 73: 67: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 43: 39: 34: 30: 26: 22: 11692:reproductive 11587:Labor rights 11563:and cultural 11473:Right to die 11350:human rights 11348:Substantive 11209:Soviet Union 11052:Work release 11013:Prison Radio 10989: 10760:Overcrowding 10443:House arrest 10397:Penal colony 10283: 10002: 9988: 9985:John Borling 9971: 9948: 9934: 9927: 9896: 9887: 9868: 9860: 9859:David Rolf, 9850: 9843: 9836: 9821: 9811: 9796: 9781: 9764: 9741: 9738:Sean Longden 9723: 9716: 9709: 9694: 9679: 9664: 9649: 9634: 9621: 9576: 9561: 9558:John Hickman 9552:Bibliography 9537:. Retrieved 9533:the original 9523: 9507: 9498: 9482: 9477: 9469: 9444: 9443:Clark, Alan 9439: 9427:. Retrieved 9423:the original 9418: 9409: 9397:. Retrieved 9393:the original 9386: 9376: 9368: 9352: 9340:. Retrieved 9336:the original 9325: 9316: 9308:the original 9303: 9294: 9282:. Retrieved 9278: 9269: 9250: 9231: 9218: 9208: 9196:. Retrieved 9192:the original 9187: 9177: 9153: 9149: 9129: 9124: 9100:. Retrieved 9096:the original 9086: 9074:. Retrieved 9070:the original 9060: 9048:. Retrieved 9044:the original 9034: 9018: 8999: 8980: 8968:. Retrieved 8964:the original 8954: 8930: 8911: 8882: 8878: 8869: 8845: 8834:the original 8829: 8816: 8795: 8790:pp. 360, 361 8778: 8765: 8760:friendship." 8755: 8747:the original 8742: 8732: 8720:. Retrieved 8716:the original 8711: 8701: 8693: 8688: 8653:. Retrieved 8649:the original 8645:The Guardian 8644: 8634: 8625: 8618:. Retrieved 8603: 8583: 8574: 8565: 8556: 8544:. Retrieved 8540:the original 8535: 8526: 8514:. Retrieved 8507:the original 8502: 8478:the original 8473: 8463: 8443: 8434: 8415: 8409: 8397: 8392: 8375: 8370: 8343: 8336: 8318: 8303: 8267: 8239:21 September 8237:. Retrieved 8233:the original 8228: 8219: 8191: 8186: 8174:. Retrieved 8170:the original 8159: 8149: 8137: 8125:. Retrieved 8121:the original 8111: 8099:. Retrieved 8095:the original 8084: 8075: 8066: 8057: 8033:. Retrieved 8022: 7972: 7967: 7951: 7946: 7934:. Retrieved 7925: 7901: 7891: 7879:. Retrieved 7875:the original 7865: 7845: 7838: 7826:. Retrieved 7822:the original 7808: 7800: 7795: 7783:. Retrieved 7779:the original 7769: 7757:. Retrieved 7753:the original 7748: 7739: 7727:. Retrieved 7723:the original 7718: 7709: 7700: 7683: 7671:. Retrieved 7664: 7654: 7634: 7622:. Retrieved 7618:the original 7608: 7596:. Retrieved 7592:the original 7587: 7578: 7566:. Retrieved 7562:the original 7552: 7544: 7539: 7520: 7514: 7494: 7487: 7478: 7459: 7453: 7438: 7434: 7425: 7406: 7398: 7393: 7383: 7375: 7356: 7330:. 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