War - Knowledge

3698: 4403:. Relevant quotes include on p332 "The first step in understanding violence is to set aside our abhorrence of it long enough to examine why it can sometimes pay off in evolutionary terms.", "Natural selection is powered by competition, which means that the products of natural selection – survival machines, in Richard Dawkins metaphor – should, by default, do whatever helps them survive and reproduce.". On p323 "If an obstacle stands in the way of something an organism needs, it should neutralize the obstacle by disabling or eliminating it.", "Another human obstacle consists of men monopolozing women who could otherwise be taken as wives.", "The competition can be violent". On p324 "So people have invented, and perhaps evolved, an alternate defense: the advertised deterrence policy known as 183: 3336: 100: 4232:(right to war), dictates which unfriendly acts and circumstances justify a proper authority in declaring war on another nation. There are six main criteria for the declaration of a just war: first, any just war must be declared by a lawful authority; second, it must be a just and righteous cause, with sufficient gravity to merit large-scale violence; third, the just belligerent must have rightful intentions – namely, that they seek to advance good and curtail evil; fourth, a just belligerent must have a reasonable chance of success; fifth, the war must be a last resort; and sixth, the ends being sought must be proportional to means being used. 2704: 4188: 3654: 91: 51: 2792: 80: 3883: 4236: 4259:(right in war), is the set of ethical rules when conducting war. The two main principles are proportionality and discrimination. Proportionality regards how much force is necessary and morally appropriate to the ends being sought and the injustice suffered. The principle of discrimination determines who are the legitimate targets in a war, and specifically makes a separation between combatants, who it is permissible to kill, and non-combatants, who it is not. Failure to follow these rules can result in the loss of legitimacy for the just-war-belligerent. 60: 2811: 2342: 4407:, the law of retaliation, familiar from the biblical injunction "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." If you can credibly say to potential adversaries, "We won't attack first, but if we are attacked, we will survive and strike back," you remove Hobbes's first two incentives for quarrel, gain and mistrust.". On p326 "Also necessary for vengeance to work as a deterrent is that the willingness to pursue it be made public, because the whole point of deterrence is to give would-be attackers second thoughts 3569:, thought war was the paranoid or projective "elaboration" of mourning. Fornari thought war and violence develop out of our "love need": our wish to preserve and defend the sacred object to which we are attached, namely our early mother and our fusion with her. For the adult, nations are the sacred objects that generate warfare. Fornari focused upon sacrifice as the essence of war: the astonishing willingness of human beings to die for their country, to give over their bodies to their nation. 4279: 9080: 11441: 2423: 3283: 71: 11452: 3460: 4157:, and a significant domestic "rally effect" has been demonstrated when conflicts begin. However, studies examining the increased use of force as a function of need for internal political support are more mixed. U.S. war-time presidential popularity surveys taken during the presidencies of several recent U.S. leaders have supported diversionary theory. 3586:

democracy or a fascist dictatorship or a Parliament or a Communist dictatorship. ... the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.

3735:. While this theory has been applied to many conflicts, such counter arguments become less valid as the increasing mobility of capital and information level the distributions of wealth worldwide, or when considering that it is relative, not absolute, wealth differences that may fuel wars. There are those on the extreme 4136:

as it relates to international relations emphasizes factors such as trade, and its role in disincentivizing conflict which will damage economic relations. Critics respond that military force may sometimes be at least as effective as trade at achieving economic benefits, especially historically if not

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Crofoot and Wrangham have argued that warfare, if defined as group interactions in which "coalitions attempt to aggressively dominate or kill members of other groups", is a characteristic of most human societies. Those in which it has been lacking "tend to be societies that were politically dominated

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argues that war is a result of miscalculation of strength. He cites historical examples of war and demonstrates, "war is usually the outcome of a diplomatic crisis which cannot be solved because both sides have conflicting estimates of their bargaining power." Thirdly, bargaining may fail due to the

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For this land which you now inhabit, shut in on all sides by the sea and the mountain peaks, is too narrow for your large population; it scarcely furnishes food enough for its cultivators. Hence it is that you murder and devour one another, that you wage wars, and that many among you perish in civil

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strongly denied universalistic instinctual arguments, arguing that social factors and childhood socialization are important in determining the nature and presence of warfare. Thus, he argues, warfare is not a universal human occurrence and appears to have been a historical invention, associated with

3439:. Many economists believe that government spending on the war caused or at least accelerated recovery from the Great Depression, though some consider that it did not play a very large role in the recovery, though it did help in reducing unemployment. In most cases, such as the wars of Louis XIV, the 7952:

More recently studies (Lebow 2008, Lindemann 2010) demonstrated that striving for self-esteem (i.e. virile self images), and recognition as a Great Power or non-recognition (exclusion and punishment of great powers, denying traumatic historical events) is a principal cause of international conflict

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he Foreign Ministry and the Military High Command were in agreement that political and military hegemony over Serbia and the Western Balkans was a vital war aim. The Hungarian Prime Minister István Count Tisza, by contrast, was more preoccupied with so-called 'negative war aims', notably warding

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Lewis Coser, an American conflict theorist and sociologist, argued conflict provides a function and a process whereby a succession of new equilibriums are created. Thus, the struggle of opposing forces, rather than being disruptive, may be a means of balancing and maintaining a social structure or

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theory: States have the goal of preventing a single state from becoming a hegemon, and war is the result of the would-be hegemon's persistent attempts at power acquisition. In this view, an international system with more equal distribution of power is more stable, and "movements toward unipolarity

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Parker argues that Western armies were stronger because they emphasized discipline, that is, "the ability of a formation to stand fast in the face of the enemy, where they're attacking or being attacked, without giving way to the natural impulse of fear and panic." Discipline came from drills and

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Despite Fornari's theory that man's altruistic desire for self-sacrifice for a noble cause is a contributing factor towards war, few wars have originated from a desire for war among the general populace. Far more often the general population has been reluctantly drawn into war by its rulers. One

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was estimated at a value of 679 billion rubles. The combined damage consisted of complete or partial destruction of 1,710 cities and towns, 70,000 villages/hamlets, 2,508 church buildings, 31,850 industrial establishments, 40,000 mi (64,374 km) of railroad, 4100 railroad stations,

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Throughout the course of human history, the average number of people dying from war has fluctuated relatively little, being about 1 to 10 people dying per 100,000. However, major wars over shorter periods have resulted in much higher casualty rates, with 100–200 casualties per 100,000 over a few

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as much today. Furthermore, trade relations which result in a high level of dependency may escalate tensions and lead to conflict. Empirical data on the relationship of trade to peace are mixed, and moreover, some evidence suggests countries at war do not necessarily trade less with each other.

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The Western way of war rests upon five principal foundations: technology, discipline, a highly aggressive military tradition, a remarkable capacity to innovate and to respond rapidly to the innovation of others and – from about 1500 onward – a unique system of war

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Naturally, the common people don't want war; neither in Russia nor in England nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. That is understood. But, after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a

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Swank and Marchand's World War II study found that after sixty days of continuous combat, 98% of all surviving military personnel will become psychiatric casualties. Psychiatric casualties manifest themselves in fatigue cases, confusional states, conversion hysteria, anxiety, obsessional and

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in 1941, some 1.6 million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians). Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of

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differentiates between international and non-international armed conflict in their definition, "International armed conflicts exist whenever there is resort to armed force between two or more States.... Non-international armed conflicts are protracted armed confrontations occurring between

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psychological theory that looks at the leaders is advanced by Maurice Walsh. He argues the general populace is more neutral towards war and wars occur when leaders with a psychologically abnormal disregard for human life are placed into power. War is caused by leaders who seek war such as

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million±133,000 victims based on the assumption that it accounted for the 15.1% of all deaths. Other scholars find the prehistoric percentage much lower, around 2%, similar to the Neanderthals and ancestors of apes and primates. For the period 3000 BCE until 1991, estimates range from

3375:, while survivors may suffer the psychological aftereffects of witnessing the destruction of war. War also results in lower quality of life and worse health outcomes. A medium-sized conflict with about 2,500 battle deaths reduces civilian life expectancy by one year and increases 3312:

on 25 June 1812, less than 40,000 returned. More military personnel were killed from 1500 to 1914 by typhus than from military action. In addition, if it were not for modern medical advances there would be thousands more dead from disease and infection. For instance, during the

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governmental armed forces and the forces of one or more armed groups, or between such groups arising on the territory of a State . The armed confrontation must reach a minimum level of intensity and the parties involved in the conflict must show a minimum of organisation."

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took office and declared he had 'not become the King's First Minister to oversee the liquidation of the British empire'. His view was that an Anglo-American English-speaking alliance would seek to preserve the empire, though ending it was among Roosevelt's implicit war

4124:: Hegemons impose stabilizing conditions on the world order, but they eventually decline, and war occurs when a declining hegemon is challenged by another rising power or aims to pre-emptively suppress them. On this view, unlike for balance-of-power theory, wars become 3227:

In every war in which American soldiers have fought in, the chances of becoming a psychiatric casualty – of being debilitated for some period of time as a consequence of the stresses of military life – were greater than the chances of being killed by enemy

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finance. The combination of all five provided a formula for military success....The outcome of wars has been determined less by technology, then by better war plans, the achievement of surprise, greater economic strength, and above all superior discipline.

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In Western Europe, since the late 18th century, more than 150 conflicts and about 600 battles have taken place. During the 20th century, war resulted in a dramatic intensification of the pace of social changes, and was a crucial catalyst for the growth of

2386:. All of these forms of warfare were used by primitive societies, a finding supported by other researchers. Keeley explains that early war raids were not well organized, as the participants did not have any formal training. Scarcity of resources meant 7503:. Muenchen: Hanser 1998; see also (criticizing youth bulge theory) Marc Sommers (2006): "Fearing Africa's Young Men: The Case of Rwanda." The World Bank: Social Development Papers – Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Paper No. 32, January 2006 2396:

wrote "Pre-literate societies, even those organized in a relatively advanced way, were renowned for their studied cruelty.'" Since the rise of the state some 5,000 years ago, military activity has continued over much of the globe. The invention of

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as high as 4–8 children per woman with a 15–29-year delay. Heinsohn saw both past "Christianist" European colonialism and imperialism, as well as today's Islamist civil unrest and terrorism as results of high birth rates producing youth bulges.

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species, group conflict may be a general feature of animal social behavior. Some proponents of the idea argue that war, while innate, has been intensified greatly by developments of technology and social organization such as weaponry and states.

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These theories suggest differences in people's personalities, decision-making, emotions, belief systems, and biases are important in determining whether conflicts get out of hand. For instance, it has been proposed that conflict is modulated by

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A state with greater military capacity than its adversary is more likely to prevail in wars with 'total' war aims – the overthrow of a foreign government or annexation of territory – than in wars with more limited

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is an intense international rivalry without direct military conflict, but with a sustained threat of it, including high levels of military preparations, expenditures, and development, and may involve active conflicts by indirect means, such as

3447:, warfare primarily results in damage to the economy of the countries involved. For example, Russia's involvement in World War I took such a toll on the Russian economy that it almost collapsed and greatly contributed to the start of the 3614:

Several theories concern the evolutionary origins of warfare. There are two main schools: One sees organized warfare as emerging in or after the Mesolithic as a result of complex social organization and greater population density and

4029:" which is faulty, but still rational. The rationalist theory focused around bargaining, which is currently under debate. The Iraq War proved to be an anomaly that undercuts the validity of applying rationalist theory to some wars. 4008:

with incentives to misrepresent" occurs when two countries have secrets about their individual capabilities, and do not agree on either: who would win a war between them, or the magnitude of state's victory or loss. For instance,

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approach, rationalist theories posit all actors can bargain, would be better off if war did not occur, and likewise seek to understand why war nonetheless reoccurs. Under another rationalist game theory without bargaining, the

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in the early 1990s. However, the evidence examined in the 2008 edition of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management's "Peace and Conflict" study indicated the overall decline in conflicts had stalled.

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Intangibles, such as prestige or power, can also represent war aims, though often (albeit not always) their achievement is framed within a more tangible context (e.g. conquest restores prestige, annexation increases power,

4302:: "Any act of war aimed indiscriminately at the destruction of entire cities of extensive areas along with their population is a crime against God and man himself. It merits unequivocal and unhesitating condemnation." 4341:, temporary cessation, humanitarian pauses and corridors, days of tranquility, de-confliction arrangements. There are a number of disadvantages, obstacles and hesitations against implementing such pauses such as a 3739:

of the political spectrum who provide support, fascists in particular, by asserting a natural right of a strong nation to whatever the weak cannot hold by force. Some centrist, capitalist, world leaders, including

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Robert J. Bunker and Pamela Ligouri Bunker, "The modern state in epochal transition: The significance of irregular warfare, state deconstruction, and the rise of new warfighting entities beyond neo-medievalism."

4004:"Issue indivisibility" occurs when the two parties cannot avoid war by bargaining, because the thing over which they are fighting cannot be shared between them, but only owned entirely by one side or the other. " 3913:

Among prominent historical events that have been attributed to youth bulges are the role played by the historically large youth cohorts in the rebellion and revolution waves of early modern Europe, including the

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One-tenth of mobilised American men were hospitalised for mental disturbances between 1942 and 1945, and after thirty-five days of uninterrupted combat, 98% of them manifested psychiatric disturbances in varying

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At times, war aims were explicitly stated internally or externally in a policy decision, while at other times the war aims were merely discussed but not published, remaining instead in the form of memoranda or

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Welch distinguishes: "tangible goods such as arms, wealth, and – provided they are strategically or economically valuable – territory and resources" from "intangible goods such as credibility and reputation" –

2497:, or germ warfare, is the use of biological infectious agents or toxins such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi against people, plants, or animals. This can be conducted through sophisticated technologies, like 4149:, also known as the "scapegoat hypothesis", suggests the politically powerful may use war to as a diversion or to rally domestic popular support. This is supported by literature showing out-group hostility 2170:

forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by extreme

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fiscal policy was of little consequence even as late as 1942, suggests an interesting twist on the usual view that World War II caused, or at least accelerated, the recovery from the Great Depression.

4025:, "Most instigators of conflict overrate their chances of success, while most participants underrate their chances of injury...." King asserts that "Most catastrophic military decisions are rooted in 2914:(WWII). That said, overall the number of casualties from war has not significantly increased in recent times. Quite to the contrary, on a global scale the time since WWII has been unusually peaceful. 2378:, says approximately 90–95% of known societies throughout history engaged in at least occasional warfare, and many fought constantly. Keeley describes several styles of primitive combat such as small 7539: 8295: 7525: 3905:

theory in its most generalized form, a youth bulge occurs when 30 to 40 percent of the males of a nation belong to the "fighting age" cohorts from 15 to 29 years of age. It will follow periods with

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held that, "War is often...a mass discharge of accumulated internal rage (where)...the inner fears of mankind are discharged in mass destruction." Other psychoanalysts such as E.F.M. Durban and

2584:, and may also be opposed by measures to protect the population, and by political and economic actions of various kinds aimed at undermining the insurgents' claims against the incumbent regime. 3406:. Since a high proportion of those killed were young men who had not yet fathered any children, population growth in the postwar Soviet Union was much lower than it otherwise would have been. 5740:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 3689:

of the Malay peninsula. Bobbi S. Low has observed correlation between warfare and education, noting societies where warfare is commonplace encourage their children to be more aggressive.

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argues that what distinguishes the "Western way of war" based in Western Europe chiefly allows historians to explain its extraordinary success in conquering most of the world after 1500:

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strife. Let hatred, therefore, depart from among you; let your quarrels end. Enter upon the road to the Holy Sepulchre; wrest that land from a wicked race, and subject it to yourselves.

3271:, including about 6% in the North and approximately 18% in the South. The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 military personnel. 3681:

certain types of human societies. Montagu's argument is supported by ethnographic research conducted in societies where the concept of aggression seems to be entirely absent, e.g. the

8701: 4564: 4345:. Pauses in conflict can also be ill-advised, for reasons such as "delay of defeat" and the "weakening of credibility". Natural causes for a pause may include events such as the 2019 3321:

reported it conscripted 184,899 sailors, of whom 133,708 (72%) died of disease or were 'missing'. It is estimated that between 1985 and 1994, 378,000 people per year died due to war.

7557: 4243:. "Hitler ordered that Moscow and Leningrad were to be razed to the ground; their inhabitants were to be annihilated or driven out by starvation. These intentions were part of the ' 3955:

marching in formation, target practice, and creating small "artificial kinship groups: such as the company and the platoon, to enhance psychological cohesion and combat efficiency.

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with the United States since, even if "half of mankind died, the other half would remain while imperialism would be razed to the ground and the whole world would become socialist."

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years. While conventional wisdom holds that casualties have increased in recent times due to technological improvements in warfare, this is not generally true. For instance, the

6376: 3974:) operate under the assumption that states or international actors are rational, seek the best possible outcomes for themselves, and desire to avoid the costs of war. Under one 3007:, or as overlapping). Most of the others involved China or neighboring peoples. The death toll of World War II, being over 60 million, surpasses all other war-death-tolls. 2361:, which has been determined to be about 13,400 years old. About forty-five percent of the skeletons there displayed signs of violent death, specifically traumatic bone lesions. 2783:

War aims can change in the course of conflict and may eventually morph into "peace conditions" – the minimal conditions under which a state may cease to wage a particular war.

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By Peter M. Kappeler, Joan B. Silk, 2009, Chapter 8, "Intergroup Aggression in Primates and Humans; The Case for a Unified Theory", Margaret C. Crofoot and Richard W. Wrangham

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argued that war-related behaviors may have been naturally selected in the ancestral environment due to the benefits of victory. He also argued that in order to have credible

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This is one of the earliest expressions of what has come to be called the Malthusian theory of war, in which wars are caused by expanding populations and limited resources.

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Typically, war becomes intertwined with the economy and many wars are partially or entirely based on economic reasons. The common view among economic historians is that the

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Intangible war aims – like the accumulation of credibility or reputation – may have more tangible expression ("conquest restores prestige, annexation increases power").

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Peter Meyer. Social Evolution in Franz M. Wuketits and Christoph Antweiler (eds.) Handbook of Evolution The Evolution of Human Societies and Cultures Wiley-VCH Verlag

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argue that the motivation of states is the quest for security, and conflicts can arise from the inability to distinguish defense from offense, which is called the

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over resources; the other sees human warfare as a more ancient practice derived from common animal tendencies, such as territoriality and sexual competition.

7537: 5945: 8285: 4326: 8260: 5168: 4442: 8231: 4053:. The following subsections consider causes of war from system, societal, and individual levels of analysis. This kind of division was first proposed by 3642:

against other groups (as well as on an individual level), it was important to have a reputation for retaliation, causing humans to develop instincts for

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would be unable to fill the demand, producers must expand into non-capitalist markets to find consumers for their goods, hence driving imperialism.

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Estimates for total deaths due to war vary widely. In one estimate, primitive warfare from 50,000 to 3000 BCE has been thought to have claimed 400

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Three of the ten most costly wars, in terms of loss of life, have been waged in the last century. These are the two World Wars, followed by the

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War can be seen as a growth of economic competition in a competitive international system. In this view wars begin as a pursuit of markets for

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A distinctive feature of war since 1945 is that combat has largely been a matter of civil wars and insurgencies. The major exceptions were the

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The percentages of men killed in war in eight tribal societies, and Europe and the U.S. in the 20th century. (Lawrence H. Keeley, archeologist)

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Fried defines war aims as "the desired territorial, economic, military or other benefits expected following successful conclusion of a war".

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is a rebellion against authority, where irregular forces take up arms to change an existing political order. An insurgency can be fought via

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has also been analyzed as following a massive youth bulge. Youth bulge theory has been subjected to statistical analysis by the World Bank,

7220: 6060: 3581:. Such leaders most often come to power in times of crisis when the populace opts for a decisive leader, who then leads the nation to war. 3203: 7555: 7554:

Kröhnert, Steffen (2004): "Warum entstehen Kriege? Welchen Einfluss haben demografische Veränderungen auf die Entstehung von Konflikten?"

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involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to attack and attempt to damage another nation's information systems.

8065: 7679: 7429: 6499: 4411:. And this brings us to Hobbes's final reason for quarrel. Thirdly, glory – though a more accurate word would be "honor"." 3399: 8638:

Söhne und Weltmacht: Terror im Aufstieg und Fall der Nationen [Sons and Imperial Power: Terror and the Rise and Fall of Nations]

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Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes Promulgated by His Holiness, Pope Paul VI on December 7, 1965

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theory of war is quasi-economic in that it states all modern wars are caused by competition for resources and markets between great (

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By the end of the war, 70% of European industrial infrastructure was destroyed. Property damage in the Soviet Union inflicted by the

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The term "armed conflict" is used instead of, or in addition to, the term "war" with the former being more general in scope. The

3558:. By this theory, the nation state preserves order in the local society while creating an outlet for aggression through warfare. 2960:

at up to 60 million. As concerns a belligerent's losses in proportion to its prewar population, the most destructive war in

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Most wars have resulted in significant loss of life, along with destruction of infrastructure and resources (which may lead to

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was the most financially costly conflict in history; its belligerents cumulatively spent about a trillion U.S. dollars on the

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War aims are the desired territorial, economic, military or other benefits expected following successful conclusion of a war.

5120: 4827: 4541: 3983:, optimal strategies can still be found that depend upon number of iterations played. In "Rationalist Explanations for War", 3963: 8966: 8933: 8832: 5890: 5652: 5537: 5489: 5444: 5361: 5322: 5278: 5235: 4874: 13925: 13915: 11535: 11501: 9242: 7465: 6734: 6460: 6426: 6214: 6005: 4133: 4095: 3971: 8365: 8008: 4594: 13910: 13763: 13753: 13337: 13247: 11394: 9889: 9840: 5923: 5478:. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs. Vol. 91. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH (published 2015). p. 118. 4363: 4017:

Within the rationalist tradition, some theorists have suggested that individuals engaged in war suffer a normal level of

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Lake, David A. (November 2010). "Two Cheers for Bargaining Theory: Assessing Rationalist Explanations of the Iraq War".

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The two theories are not mutually exclusive and may be used to explain disparate events according to the circumstance.

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There are many theories about the motivations for war, but no consensus about which are most common. Military theorist

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War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending,

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of 1789, and the effect of economic depression upon the largest German youth cohorts ever in explaining the rise of

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to the victorious nations. In certain cases, land is ceded to the victorious nations. For example, the territory of

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since 1775 have totaled over two million. Of the 60 million European military personnel who were mobilized in

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Levy, Jack S. (1989). Tetlock, Philip E.; Husbands, Jo L.; Jervis, Robert; Stern, Paul C.; Tilly, Charles (eds.).

4644:"New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba" 13971: 13830: 12263: 12114: 11611: 10336: 9232: 9049: 8818:

World heritage and war: linee guida per interventi a salvaguardia dei beni culturali nelle aree a rischio bellico

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Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène; Zazzo, Antoine; Antoine, Daniel; Bon, François (27 May 2021).

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Gentlemen, when it comes time to formulate peace conditions, it is time to think of another thing than war aims.

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https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=27e7fdb7d9b671cdcf999f3aab15cca8be25b163

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that support the four critical infrastructures (the power grid, communications, financial, and transportation).

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Population Action International: "The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict after the Cold War"

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probable when power is more equally distributed. This "power preponderance" hypothesis has empirical support.

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said, "Every age has its own kind of war, its own limiting conditions, and its own peculiar preconceptions."

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is the application of destructive force on a large scale against information assets and systems, against the

2142: 1589: 13592: 13402: 13397: 13091: 12129: 11762: 11428: 11138: 10394: 9995: 9946: 9368: 9237: 6956:"In an interview with Gilbert in Göring's jail cell during the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (18 April 1946)" 3489: 2079: 783: 543: 6027: 4954: 14018: 13773: 13417: 13412: 13197: 11585: 11575: 11238: 11143: 10916: 10818: 10285: 10135: 9705: 9574: 9422: 8867: 7410: 6588: 5722:*The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, 1994, p. 622, cited by White 5179: 4146: 3942: 3543: 2089: 1276: 1078: 949: 487: 9036: 8364:. Monograph. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. 3893:, and to a lesser extent in some countries in West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central America. 3622:

The latter school argues that since warlike behavior patterns are found in many primate species such as

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Ankony, Robert C., "Sociological and Criminological Theory: Brief of Theorists, Theories, and Terms",

4907: 4305:

Anti-war movements have existed for every major war in the 20th century, including, most prominently,

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was reduced by 15 to 40 percent. Civilians in war zones may also be subject to war atrocities such as

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Johnson, Noel D.; Koyama, Mark (April 2017). "States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints".

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Higgs, Robert (1 March 1992). "Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the U.S. Economy in the 1940s".

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documented a significant decline in the number and severity of armed conflicts since the end of the

14023: 13783: 13287: 11494: 11272: 11163: 11118: 10878: 10761: 10152: 10125: 10105: 9987: 9879: 9867: 9862: 6849: 6582: 6395:"The Consequences of Contention: Understanding the Aftereffects of Political Conflict and Violence" 4187: 3539: 3394:

indicate around 60 million people died, 40 million of whom were civilians. Deaths in the

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Additionally, it has been estimated anywhere from 18% to 54% of Vietnam war veterans suffered from

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Tangible war aims may involve (for example) the acquisition of territory (as in the German goal of

2114: 1981: 1528: 1221: 1039: 887: 99: 28: 24: 5221: 13956: 13768: 13546: 13267: 13187: 12604: 12193: 12104: 11409: 11095: 9579: 9348: 9254: 8615:

The Human Potential for Peace: An Anthropological Challenge to Assumptions about War and Violence

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The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities

4337:

During a war, brief pauses of violence may be called for, and further agreed to –

4121: 4059: 3934:. Youth bulge theories have been criticized as leading to racial, gender and age discrimination. 3391: 3038: 2366: 2275: 2221:, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic, or ecological circumstances. 2067: 2049: 1805: 1364: 1286: 1231: 829: 492: 13001: 7524:(2004): "The Devil in the Demographics: The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Conflict", 7212: 4503: 2722:

Entities contemplating going to war and entities considering whether to end a war may formulate

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as an evaluation/propaganda tool. War aims may stand as a proxy for national-military resolve.

2651: 1934: 1909: 1631: 1543: 1416: 1291: 892: 869: 315: 214: 12461: 9083: 8073: 7663: 7572:

Hendrixson, Anne: "Angry Young Men, Veiled Young Women: Constructing a New Population Threat"

6781: 6483: 4317:. In the 21st century, worldwide anti-war movements occurred in response to the United States 3850:(1766–1834) wrote that populations always increase until they are limited by war, disease, or 2952:

The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is

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in the first half of the 20th century) or the recognition of economic concessions (as in the

2515:, and resulted in over a million estimated casualties, including more than 100,000 civilians. 1523: 1456: 1409: 1063: 1026: 989: 907: 859: 743: 553: 361: 270: 111: 12564: 8903: 8598: 8597:

Fry, Douglas (2004). "Conclusion: Learning from Peaceful Societies". In Kemp, Graham (ed.).

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Helgerson, John L. (2002): "The National Security Implications of Global Demographic Trends"

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refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general.

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Demographic theories can be grouped into two classes, Malthusian and youth bulge theories:

3724: 3574: 3364: 3345: 3301: 2903: 2655: 2611: 2565: 2549: 1914: 1816: 1673: 1668: 1486: 1451: 1186: 1006: 864: 800: 654: 624: 221: 20: 12728: 6411: 6394: 5667:

Gómez, José María et al (Summer 2016). "The phylogenetic roots of human lethal violence,"

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subject to combat in war often suffer mental and physical injuries, including depression,

8: 13870: 13865: 13728: 13447: 13327: 13297: 13217: 12743: 12683: 12004: 11924: 11551: 11487: 11456: 10891: 10848: 10743: 10529: 10519: 10467: 10369: 10359: 10309: 10280: 9654: 9275: 9270: 9158: 7392: 6364:, Alan McFarlane, The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap (2003) 4235: 4197: 4168: 3799: 3609: 3508: 3440: 3330: 3314: 3098: 2768:

Implicit war aims can take the form of minutes of discussion, memoranda and instructions.

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or civilians. For instance, of the nine million people who were on the territory of the

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Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white American males aged 13 to 43 died in the

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Davenport, Christian; Mokleiv Nygård, Håvard; Fjelde, Hanne; Armstrong, David (2019).

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An Interactive map of all the battles fought around the world in the last 4,000 years

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Wars, Internal Conflicts and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East

8424: 7979: 7915: 7833: 7821: 7714: 7628: 7192: 7153: 6644: 6614: 6521: 6406: 6327: 6319: 5759: 5751: 5693: 5217: 5079: 5063: 5022: 5006: 4679: 4663: 4172: 4103: 4080: 4010: 3923: 3871: 3736: 3720: 3595: 3482: 3432: 3376: 2957: 2751: 2659: 2637: 2595: 2561: 2531: 2523: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2336: 2109: 2074: 2006: 1899: 1837: 1730: 1658: 1651: 1508: 1441: 1391: 1381: 1256: 1176: 1136: 1121: 1088: 1073: 944: 929: 882: 790: 748: 691: 686: 644: 467: 444: 351: 280: 209: 192: 13031: 7847: 7330: 4262:

The just war theory was foundational in the creation of the United Nations and in

3542:

where a person transfers his or her grievances into bias and hatred against other

13815: 13810: 13805: 13723: 13484: 13157: 13076: 13036: 13006: 12991: 12956: 12951: 12921: 12896: 12881: 12856: 12841: 12776: 12753: 12738: 12723: 12708: 12579: 12534: 12519: 12509: 12331: 12326: 12183: 12178: 12158: 12146: 11404: 11399: 11070: 11065: 10984: 10964: 10793: 10714: 10699: 10645: 10604: 10472: 10210: 10142: 9936: 9452: 9390: 9380: 9353: 9318: 8950: 8917: 8864: 8816: 8507: 8259:. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. June 2011. 8238: 8194: 8188: 7800: 7781: 7757: 7579: 7561: 7543: 7510: 7449: 7436: 7417: 7398: 7195:

in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat

7127: 6602: 6557: 6380: 6361: 6244: 6198: 6114: 6002:"Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century" 5894: 5887: 5656: 5649: 5519: 5471: 5428: 5345: 5306: 5262: 5209: 4912: 4878: 4871: 4400: 4298: 4211: 4176: 4091: 4087: 3898: 3803: 3745: 3732: 3425: 3421: 3062: 2980: 2810: 2601: 2387: 2379: 2303: 1919: 1904: 1822: 1778: 1720: 1376: 1371: 1261: 1251: 1166: 1141: 1083: 924: 854: 844: 696: 681: 604: 576: 376: 356: 204: 8016: 6452: 6430: 6001: 79: 13612: 13474: 13382: 13372: 13101: 12976: 12961: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12871: 12846: 12801: 12781: 12643: 12614: 12589: 12544: 12524: 12486: 12441: 12321: 12311: 12168: 11999: 11812: 11545: 11521: 11379: 11354: 11220: 11148: 11045: 11004: 10994: 10969: 10906: 10863: 10731: 10672: 10667: 10640: 10569: 10544: 10487: 10343: 10243: 10002: 9810: 9544: 9363: 9313: 8502: 8358: 7365: 7276: 5697: 5520:"The Debate in the Reichstag on Internal Political Conditions, April 5–6, 1916" 5472:"'A Life and Death Question': Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the First World War" 5388: 4667: 4586: 4358: 4018: 3980: 3847: 3829:

see expanding population and scarce resources as a source of violent conflict.

3787: 3779: 3728: 3677: 3562: 3384: 2965: 2961: 2800: 2605: 2553: 2341: 2163: 2094: 1842: 1266: 1226: 1204: 1191: 1181: 1151: 1068: 1021: 824: 815: 706: 659: 639: 629: 599: 566: 454: 411: 366: 238: 171: 50: 7632: 7157: 6648: 6618: 6576:

said, "One could not have had a better demonstration of the Keynesian ideas."

5919: 4045:. More recent databases of wars and armed conflict have been assembled by the 3987:

examined three rationalist explanations for why some countries engage in war:

14007: 13407: 13237: 13147: 13096: 13066: 13056: 12986: 12981: 12971: 12831: 12821: 12811: 12786: 12653: 12631: 12549: 12456: 12429: 12414: 12356: 12039: 11601: 11359: 11128: 10838: 10803: 10689: 10682: 10650: 10599: 10574: 10549: 10331: 10297: 10203: 10066: 10039: 10020: 9732: 9539: 9375: 9215: 9188: 8793: 8785: 7170: 7055: 6656: 6578: 6354: 6107: 6082: 5075: 5018: 5010: 4675: 4468:"HOW IS THE TERM "ARMED CONFLICT" DEFINED IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW?" 4432:"How is the Term "Armed Conflict" Defined in International Humanitarian Law?" 4292:

Religious groups have long formally opposed or sought to limit war as in the

4278: 4216: 4099: 4054: 3834: 3830: 3635: 3566: 3523: 3520: 3054: 2203: 1941: 1929: 1785: 1705: 1621: 1604: 1461: 1316: 1296: 979: 974: 954: 934: 849: 820: 795: 671: 649: 634: 609: 449: 371: 334: 329: 226: 35: 11466: 7983: 6184:

On Killing – The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War & Society

5619: 5563: 2972:). In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths, down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. 14013: 13875: 13795: 13748: 13387: 13071: 13061: 13051: 12916: 12911: 12851: 12826: 12796: 12791: 12698: 12693: 12539: 12419: 12153: 12089: 11959: 11949: 11944: 11863: 11853: 11797: 11687: 11541: 11445: 11188: 11060: 11035: 10738: 10657: 10232: 10100: 10090: 10051: 10027: 9772: 9497: 9395: 8988: 8465:

How Much War in History: Definitions, Estimates, Extrapolations, and Trends

7939: 7521: 7428:

Heinsohn, G. (2005): "Population, Conquest and Terror in the 21st Century"

6955: 6777: 6572:

Referring to the effect of World War II spending on the economy, economist

6341: 5773: 5526:. Hoover War Library publications. Stanford University Press. p. 233. 5093: 5067: 5036: 4693: 4310: 4255: 4222: 3984: 3775: 3714: 3686: 3658: 3578: 3485:

of the 1930s ended as nations increased their production of war materials.

3474: 3468: 3436: 3395: 3380: 3287: 3118: 3114: 3034: 3004: 2953: 2911: 2571: 2539: 2518: 2358: 2218: 2176: 2128: 2054: 2034: 2029: 1924: 1869: 1503: 1498: 1321: 1236: 984: 718: 619: 416: 320: 13515: 9079: 9068: 6783:

Who Benefits from Global Violence and War: Uncovering a Destructive System

4775: 3308:

than were killed by the Russians. Of the 450,000 soldiers who crossed the

2979:, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of 2390:

were not a cost-effective way to protect the society against enemy raids.

13961: 13840: 13820: 13733: 13718: 13633: 13086: 13081: 13016: 13011: 12861: 12733: 12688: 12678: 12471: 12466: 12404: 12341: 12124: 12099: 12024: 11984: 11954: 11929: 11909: 11888: 11868: 11848: 11838: 11807: 11672: 11364: 11040: 10823: 10629: 10559: 10260: 10007: 9727: 9522: 9465: 9400: 9385: 9308: 8742: 8129: 8125: 7825: 6712: 5905:

Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in

5594:"Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2004" 4711: 4314: 4306: 4042: 3975: 3902: 3791: 3767: 3616: 3531: 3527: 3444: 3428:

has been traded between France and Germany on three different occasions.

3309: 3276: 3133: 2907: 2625: 2512: 2488: 2416: 2234: 2214: 2039: 1790: 1755: 1594: 1281: 1246: 959: 902: 805: 589: 310: 305: 7043:

The Origin of War: Evolution of a Male-Coalitional Reproductive Strategy

59: 13845: 13469: 13277: 13177: 13026: 12946: 12718: 12609: 12451: 12394: 12371: 12336: 12285: 12275: 12243: 12188: 12014: 11994: 11919: 11883: 11787: 11772: 11697: 11622: 11080: 10896: 10321: 9762: 9637: 9632: 7640: 5515: 4026: 3771: 3478: 3360: 3318: 2989: 2747: 2687: 2679: 2663: 2645: 2577: 2434: 2412: 2354: 2250: 2167: 1996: 1966: 1688: 1057: 11374: 8675:

The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present

8555: 8318: 6392: 5672: 4618:"Earliest known war was a repeated conflict in Sudan 13,400 years ago" 4021:, but are still "as rational as you and me". According to philosopher 3889:

by country. War reduces life expectancy. A youth bulge is evident for

3646:

as well as for protecting a group's (or an individual's) reputation ("

3282: 2422: 13951: 13706: 13167: 13106: 12663: 12306: 12233: 12218: 12139: 12059: 12054: 11979: 11934: 11914: 11893: 11878: 11858: 11843: 11707: 11667: 11050: 11023: 10514: 10452: 10169: 9958: 9872: 9857: 9695: 9529: 9487: 9298: 8900:

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare: The Triumph of the West

7770: 7301:"In Mali, waning fortunes of Fulani herders play into Islamist hands" 7178: 6323: 6200:

Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays

5738:

Murray, Christopher JL; Vos, Theo; Lopez, Alan D (17 December 2014).

5214:

Who Wins?: Predicting Strategic Success and Failure in Armed Conflict

5112: 4338: 4240: 4022: 3837:, advocating Crusade as a solution to European overpopulation, said: 3169: 2956:, from 1939 to 1945, with 70–85 million deaths, followed by the 2675: 2654:

can be defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than

2648:

requiring significant sacrifices by the friendly civilian population.

2621: 2543: 2535: 2398: 2294: 2191: 1986: 1810: 1760: 1710: 1700: 1695: 1560: 1351: 1346: 1311: 753: 439: 406: 295: 8855: 8764:

Useful Enemies: When Waging Wars Is More Important Than Winning Them

8697:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention

8547:

Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture

7619:

Fearon, James D. (Summer 1995). "Rationalist Explanations for War".

7020:

Warrior Ants: The Enduring Threat of the Small War and the Land-mine

6776: 5476:

The Purpose of the First World War: War Aims and Military Strategies

4560:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention

3383:

by 3.3%. Additionally, about 1.8% of the population loses access to

2507:

involves the use of weaponized chemicals in combat. Poison gas as a

2306: 13758: 13696: 13675: 13442: 13021: 12758: 12351: 12316: 12290: 12270: 12223: 12034: 11989: 11873: 11777: 11767: 11732: 11702: 11369: 11030: 10584: 10432: 9970: 9747: 9678: 9470: 9323: 9281: 9138: 9120: 9089: 8721: 8695: 8382:

Laura Wise; Sanja Badanjak; Christine Bell; Fiona Knäussel (2021).

7501:

Kriege der Zukunft: Die Bevölkerungsexplosion gefährdet den Frieden

4774:

Martin, Debra L.; Harrod, Ryan P.; Pérez, Ventura R., eds. (2012).

4641: 4558: 4322: 4204: 3706: 3702: 3555: 3547: 3420:

Once a war has ended, losing nations are sometimes required to pay

3372: 3357: 2671: 2591: 2465: 2446: 2427: 2383: 2183: 2172: 2001: 1976: 1609: 1241: 1216: 834: 389: 263: 8157: 8096: 6287:

Johnson's England: An Account of the Life & Manners of His Age

2992:

by some or all parties in the conflict, and increased revenues by

2906:(1618–1648) had about the same number of casualties per capita as 13479: 13392: 12280: 12248: 12238: 12009: 11969: 11802: 11727: 11712: 11692: 10781: 10771: 10589: 10534: 10227: 10190: 10113: 10095: 10078: 10061: 9712: 9666: 9507: 9480: 9333: 9328: 9303: 9173: 8384:"Pandemic Pauses: Understanding Ceasefires in a Time of Covid-19" 8319:"Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience" 3763: 3682: 3643: 2711: 2011: 1971: 1735: 1569: 1565: 912: 897: 773: 434: 429: 399: 338: 300: 7486:

Moller, Herbert (1968): 'Youth as a Force in the Modern World',

6711:. Victorville, California: Victor Valley College. Archived from 5876:

The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap

3661:

city-states over resources may have contributed to the eventual

2244: 2238: 13850: 13738: 12228: 12029: 11817: 11792: 11782: 11752: 11737: 11085: 11014: 10833: 10788: 10442: 10427: 9919: 9559: 9442: 9183: 9178: 8915: 7965:"Prospect Theory, Rational Choice, and International Relations" 5503:

off hostile Romanian, Italian, and even Bulgarian intervention.

3919: 3851: 3551: 3493:

40,000 hospitals, 84,000 schools, and 43,000 public libraries.

3464: 3353: 3305: 3304:'s retreat from Moscow, more French military personnel died of 2976: 2633: 2491:

of drastically different levels of military capability or size.

2253: 1518: 919: 736: 472: 70: 8952:

The Most Dangerous Animal: Human Nature and the Origins of War

8849:

A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization.

6028:"World War I - Killed, wounded, and missing | Britannica" 5684:

Eckhardt, William (1991). "War-related deaths since 3000 BC".

4207:

of war has been the subject of debate for thousands of years.

3459: 2608:

are the primary, or a major, method of achieving capitulation.

13825: 13582: 12258: 11747: 11682: 11344: 10843: 10384: 10379: 9717: 9642: 8582:. Translated by Pfeifer, Alenka. NY: Doubleday Anchor Press. 6680:

Russia's First World War : A Social and Economic History

4210:

The two principal aspects of ethics in war, according to the

4086:

Within the realist school as represented by scholars such as

3867: 3647: 2667: 994: 530: 525: 34:"Conflict zone" redirects here. For the 2001 video game, see 8180: 8013:

Just War Theory and the Recent U.S. Air Strikes Against Iraq

4063:

and has been often used by political scientists since then.

2779:"Negative war aims" forestall or prevent undesired outcomes. 13602: 12253: 11677: 9830: 9293: 9288: 8790:

Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914

5430:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

5347:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

5264:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

3859: 3727:

by economic historians and development economists studying

290: 285: 19:"Warring" and "Warfare" redirect here. For other uses, see 8723:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 4: Transnational Conflict

7936:"Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy (p. 19)" 2217:

scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of

11717: 8359:"The Use of Pauses in Coercion: An Examination in Theory" 7331:"How Climate Change Is Spurring Land Conflict in Nigeria" 4118:

is not actually a major factor in the occurrence of wars.

3627: 3344:

depict the destruction unleashed on civilians during the

2765:

Explicit war aims may involve published policy decisions.

8948: 8476:

Peace against War: The Ecology of International Violence

4804:

War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage

8919:

Resort to arms: international and civil wars, 1816–1980

8421:"When a Virus Strikes, Can the World Pause Its Wars? –" 7076: 3802:

is only possible if there is a corresponding growth in

11479: 9000:

War and Peace and War: Life Cycles of Imperial Nations

8895:. College Station TX: Texas A&M University Press. 8015:. Gonzaga Journal of International Law. Archived from 6835:"The Causes of War: A Review of Theories and Evidence" 6305: 6181: 4888: 4114:

are destabilizing." However, evidence has shown power

3770:) powers, claiming these wars are a natural result of 8038:

Lazar, Seth (21 March 2020). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

7083:

Mind the Gap: Tracing the Origins of Human Universals

6584:

Commanding Heights, see chapter 6 video or transcript

3657:

Increasing population and constant warfare among the

8286:"Why humanitarians wary of "humanitarian corridors"" 7928: 6485:

Rulers And Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union

6177: 6175: 2278: 7213:"The Marxist Theory of Imperialism and its Critics" 3794:was the result of capitalist countries needing new 2805: 2624:is warfare by any means possible, disregarding the 8575: 8489:. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 8473: 7451:Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World 7060:The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature 7045:. Origin Press, Groningen, 1995 chapters 1 & 2 6263: 5433:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5350:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5267:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5169:"Unconventional Warfare: A Historical Perspective" 5109:Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents 4710:. Brneurosci.org. 4 September 2006. Archived from 4477:. ICRC. April 2024. pp. 13–14. Archived from 2268: 8902:(Cambridge University Press, 1995, revised 2008) 8814: 8685:Societies at Peace: Anthropological Perspectives. 7733:Chris Cramer, 'Civil War is Not a Stupid Thing', 7668:(3rd ed.). 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War has also been linked to 3242:compulsive states, and character disorders. 2817:for war per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 2776:"Positive war aims" cover tangible outcomes. 2614:is any form of warfare involving deliberate 2312: 2259: 2194:is warfare that is not restricted to purely 13545: 12080: 8854:Metz, Steven and Cuccia, Philip R. (2011). 8809:Causes of War. The Struggle for Recognition 8716: 8151: 8149: 7594:(Cambridge University Press 1995) pp 2–11, 6823:, 9 February 1946, Volume 95, Number 32158. 6544: 6488:. Harvard University Press. pp. 242–. 5865: 5216:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 17. 4952:Hewitt, Joseph, J. Wilkenfield and T. Gurr 4872:World War One – A New Kind of War | Part II 4741:. Archived from the original on 6 July 2006 4534:The Use of Force in International Relations 13538: 13524: 11645: 11631: 11502: 11488: 9112: 9098: 8916:Small, Melvin; Singer, Joel David (1982). 7997: 7488:Comparative Studies in Society and History 7409:Heinsohn, G. 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The 1994 3856:herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 3481:(as adjusted to 1940 prices). The 3253:14–18: Understanding the Great War 14: 14045: 13977:International political sociology 9030: 9009:London: Cassell, Wellington House 8949:Smith, David Livingstone (2009). 8651:from the original on 4 March 2016 8431:from the original on 6 March 2022 8338:from the original on 6 March 2022 8298:from the original on 6 March 2022 8266:from the original on 6 March 2022 8193:. New York: Basic Books. p. 7854:from the original on 3 April 2019 7341:from the original on 4 March 2021 7273:Geography: an integrated approach 7041:Johan M.G. van der Dennen. 1995. 6842:Behavior, Society and Nuclear War 5135: 4883:14–18 Understanding the Great War 4708:"Review: War Before Civilization" 4140: 3514: 3367:in Europe, the population of the 2737: 13308:The Open Society and Its Enemies 11450: 11440: 11439: 9078: 8412: 8400:from the original on 18 May 2022 8375: 8310: 8278: 8224: 8211: 8158:"The Principles of Jus in Bello" 8136:Oxford University Press. p. 88. 8119: 8088: 8057: 8031: 7805: 7786: 7763: 7743: 7727: 7694: 7655: 7600: 7584: 7566: 7548: 7530: 7515: 7493: 7480: 7468:from the original on 26 May 2013 7441: 7422: 7403: 7385: 7353: 7323: 7293: 7264: 7235: 7223:from the original on 8 July 2017 7204: 7184: 7164: 7146:Explorations in Economic History 7137: 7114: 7101: 7088: 6906:Durbin, E.F.L. and John Bowlby. 6800:from the original on 26 May 2013 6374:History of Europe – Demographics 6217:from the original on 26 May 2013 5522:. In Lutz, Ralph Haswell (ed.). 5142:Federation of American Scientist 3870:region have been exacerbated by 3341:Les Grandes Misères de la guerre 2910:, although it was higher during 2806:Military and civilian casualties 181: 98: 89: 78: 69: 58: 49: 13972:International political economy 12115:Family as a model for the state 11612:List of ongoing armed conflicts 8518:. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 8446: 7972:International Studies Quarterly 7921:10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.139 7606:Parker, :Introduction: pp 2, 3. 7499:Diessenbacher, Hartmut (1994): 7048: 7035: 6970: 6948: 6935: 6922: 6913: 6908:Personal Aggressiveness and War 6900: 6867: 6826: 6812: 6770: 6744: 6727: 6696: 6671: 6637:The Journal of Economic History 6628: 6595: 6514: 6475: 6445: 6419: 6386: 6367: 6348: 6299: 6279: 6251: 6229: 6190: 6182:Lt. Col. Dave Grossman (1996). 6146: 6141: 6126: 6120: 6101: 6075: 6045: 5994: 5964: 5938: 5912: 5899: 5850: 5838: 5825: 5810: 5795: 5780: 5716: 5677: 5661: 5642: 5612: 5586: 5562:Roser, Max (15 November 2017). 5555: 5508: 5474:. In Afflerbach, Holger (ed.). 5463: 5419: 5380: 5337: 5296: 5254: 5201: 5129: 5100: 5043: 4993:Guillemin, Jeanne (July 2006). 4986: 4961: 4946: 4932: 4900: 4848: 4822:. Pearson Longman. p. 22. 4809: 4767: 4726: 4700: 4616:Charles, Krista (27 May 2021). 4327:opposing the War in Afghanistan 4066: 3970:or framework. Rationalism (and 3928:Population Action International 3758:Marxist explanations of warfare 3742:Presidents of the United States 3603: 3454: 3324: 2274:, ultimately deriving from the 13465:Separation of church and state 13363:Collectivism and individualism 13318:The Origins of Totalitarianism 8327:Overseas Development Institute 8097:"The Jus Ad Bellum Convention" 7096:The Nature of Human Aggression 6355:The Thirty Years War (1618–48) 6203:. Cambridge University Press. 5308:Justice and the Genesis of War 4777:The Bioarchaeology of Violence 4635: 4609: 4579: 4526: 4496: 4460: 4424: 4376: 4073:international relations theory 4049:Project, Peter Brecke and the 3994:Incentives to misrepresent or 3968:international relations theory 3958: 3877: 3813: 3503:International relations theory 3223:, disease, injury, and death. 2233:derives from the 11th-century 1: 13505:Category:Political philosophy 13378:Critique of political economy 8995:. Cambridge University Press. 8898:Parker, Geoffrey, ed. (2008) 8804:. Cambridge University Press. 8774:University of Michigan Press. 8726:. London: Sage Publications. 8700:. London: Sage Publications. 8694:; Friedman, Jonathan (2006). 8521:Clausewitz, Carl Von (1976). 8480:. San Francisco: W.H.Freeman. 7130:, Bobbi S. Low, published in 6873:Clausewitz, Carl Von (1976), 6482:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2006). 6156:. Spartacus-Educational.com. 5756:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 5596:. World Health Organization. 4941:Small Wars & Insurgencies 4563:. London: Sage Publications. 4557:; Friedman, Jonathan (2006). 4418: 4106:, two main sub-theories are: 4051:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 3821: 3692: 3530:have argued human beings are 3291: 3262:posttraumatic stress disorder 3221:posttraumatic stress disorder 2815:Disability-adjusted life year 2729: 2293:. The word is related to the 115: 13940:Related fields and subfields 13403:Institutional discrimination 13398:History of political thought 12130:Negative and positive rights 9086:travel guide from Wikivoyage 8540:(2 ed.). Potomac Books. 8525:, Princeton University Press 8357:Nemeth, Maj Lisa A. (2009). 8130:Michael Richard Daniell Foot 7963:Levy, Jack S. (March 1997). 7760:, accessed 16 December 2014. 7175:Fascism: Fascism and Culture 5847:. p. 153, Asa Kasher (2007) 5835:, Basic Books, 2010, p. 250. 5056:Emerging Infectious Diseases 4071:There are several different 3356:, disease, and death in the 3290:killed and scalped by Sioux 2511:was principally used during 2224: 2198:, and can result in massive 2162:between the armed forces of 7: 13413:Justification for the state 13198:Two Treatises of Government 10917:Operational manoeuvre group 8868:Strategic Studies Institute 8851:Oxford, UK: Westview Press. 8800:Lebow, Richard Ned (2008). 8624:. Oxford University Press. 7902:Levy, Jack S. (June 1998). 7173:and Matthew Feldman, eds., 6739:World War II Resource Guide 6607:Journal of Economic History 5686:Bulletin of Peace Proposals 5393:"Churchill by Paul Addison" 5210:"War Aims and War Outcomes" 5208:Sullivan, Patricia (2012). 4958:, Paradigm Publishers, 2007 4591:Online Etymology Dictionary 4352: 3937: 3866:and other countries in the 3833:in 1095, on the eve of the 3409: 2630:legitimate military targets 2196:legitimate military targets 1600:Military–industrial complex 1079:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 14050: 13982:Peace and conflict studies 13598:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 12083:Bellum omnium contra omnes 11350:Peace and conflict studies 11239:Infantry fighting vehicles 9778:Front; Russian land forces 8910:North American Archaeology 8908:Pauketat, Timothy (2005). 8815:Maniscalco, Fabio (2007). 8807:Lindemann, Thomas (2010). 8770:Kelly, Raymond C. (2000). 8758:, Oxford University Press. 8644:(in German). Orell Füssl. 8631:. Oxford University Press. 8617:. Oxford University Press. 8528:Codevilla, Angelo (2005). 8494:Blainey, Geoffrey (1973). 7621:International Organization 7448:Jack A. Goldstone (1993). 7248:W. W. Norton & Company 7199:Cambridge University Press 7018:Anderson, Kenneth (1996). 6383:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 6285:A. S. Turberville (2006). 5819:Humanizing the Laws of War 5698:10.1177/096701069102200410 4668:10.1038/s41598-021-89386-y 4285: 3755: 3751: 3712: 3634:Psychologist and linguist 3607: 3561:The Italian psychoanalyst 3500: 3449:Russian Revolution of 1917 3413: 3328: 2944:Outline of war § Wars 2940:List of wars by death toll 2937: 2934:Largest wars by death toll 2798: 2786: 2742:Tangible/intangible aims: 2662:forces or actions such as 2476: 2462:Human Security Report 2005 2439:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 2334: 2330: 146:Atomic bombing of Nagasaki 33: 18: 13939: 13891: 13689: 13646: 13621: 13575: 13566: 13553: 13500: 13350: 13119: 12767: 12500: 12380: 12299: 12211: 12202: 12068: 11902: 11831: 11660: 11517: 11477: 11472:Links to related articles 11437: 11405:International cooperation 11337: 11312: 11179: 11172: 11094: 11013: 10925: 10877: 10752: 10628: 10413: 10375:Combat information center 10352: 10273: 10183: 9912: 9905: 9836:Infantry fighting vehicle 9786: 9618:Unified combatant command 9588: 9451: 9263: 9131: 9069:Resources in your library 8985:Lynne Rienner Publishing. 8891:Otterbein, Keith (2004). 8884:Montagu, Ashley (1978). 8754:Keeley, Lawrence (1996). 8673:Heuser, Beatrice. (2010) 8663:Heuser, Beatrice. (2022) 8635:Heinsohn, Gunnar (2003). 8629:War in Human Civilization 8578:The Psychoanalysis of War 8487:Meanings of War and Peace 8485:Beer, Francis A. (2001). 8472:Beer, Francis A. (1981). 8463:Beer, Francis A. (1974). 7662:Geoffrey Blainey (1988). 7633:10.1017/s0020818300033324 7217:Marxists Internet Archive 7158:10.1016/j.eeh.2016.11.002 7098:(Oxford University Press) 6649:10.1017/S0022050700010251 6619:10.1017/S002205070001189X 6427:"World War II Fatalities" 6186:. Little, Brown & Co. 4816:W. D. Rubinstein (2004). 4759:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4332: 4182: 3806:. Since the workers in a 3435:ended with the advent of 2970:Paraguayan War casualties 2640:resulting in significant 2349:The earliest evidence of 1664:Loss-of-strength gradient 521:Combat information center 13288:The Revolt of the Masses 11320:Lists of wars by country 10762:List of military tactics 9880:Self-propelled artillery 9768:Special units by nation: 9211:Protocols and structure: 9019:Walzer, Michael (1977). 8847:McIntosh, Jane (2002). 8811:. Colchester, ECPR Press 8766:. Yale University Press. 8574:Fornari, Franco (1974). 8549:. Open Book Publishers. 8532:. Rowman and Littlefield 8391:politicalsettlements.org 8007:DeForrest, Mark Edward. 7799:22 February 2016 at the 7780:22 February 2016 at the 7756:22 February 2016 at the 7560:4 September 2018 at the 7242:Safire, William (2004). 7094:Montagu, Ashley (1976), 6587:(TV documentary). U.S.: 6360:20 December 2017 at the 6235:Kitchen, Martin (2000), 6197:Maris Vinovskis (1990). 6113:20 December 2017 at the 6083:"Timur Lenk (1369–1405)" 5893:20 December 2017 at the 5817:Baxter, Richard (2013). 5804:The pursuit of happiness 5305:Welch, David A. (1995). 5167:Nagao, Yuichiro (2001). 5107:D. Hank Ellison (2007). 5011:10.1038/sj.embor.7400689 4877:27 February 2018 at the 4733:Spengler (4 July 2006). 4532:Šmihula, Daniel (2013): 4369: 3154:Second Sino-Japanese War 3001:Second Sino-Japanese War 2772:Positive/negative aims: 2761:Explicit/implicit aims: 2311:, and the modern German 1982:Military science fiction 1467:Technology and equipment 888:List of military tactics 132:Industrial age warfare: 108:Clockwise from top-left: 29:Warfare (disambiguation) 25:Warring (disambiguation) 13957:Foreign policy analysis 13769:International community 13547:International relations 13268:The Communist Manifesto 12194:Tyranny of the majority 12105:Consent of the governed 11509: 11417:International relations 11410:Crimes against humanity 10057:Other infantry weapons: 9773:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy 9344:Functional specialties: 9012:Wade, Nicholas (2006). 8912:. Blackwell Publishing. 8886:Learning Nonaggression. 8756:War Before Civilization 7984:10.1111/0020-8833.00034 7701:Powell, Robert (2002). 7542:10 October 2017 at the 7509:10 October 2017 at the 7397:10 October 2017 at the 7126:16 October 2015 at the 6943:War and the Human Race. 6678:Gatrell, Peter (2014). 6562:Encyclopædia Britannica 6526:Encyclopædia Britannica 6108:Matthew White's website 5724:*Matthew White (2011). 4955:Peace and Conflict 2008 4319:invasion of Afghanistan 4122:Power transition theory 4075:schools. Supporters of 4060:Man, the State, and War 3874:and population growth. 3392:World War II casualties 3101:(death toll uncertain) 3039:World War II casualties 2698: 2628:, placing no limits on 2367:War Before Civilization 2307: 2298: 2280: 2270: 2254: 2245: 2239: 2050:Wartime sexual violence 1806:Full-spectrum dominance 1617:Supply-chain management 12145: 12095:Clash of civilizations 12081: 11385:Conscientious objector 9493:Special reconnaissance 9233:Awards and decorations 8620:Fry, Douglas (2009). 8605:. Routledge. pp. 8467:. Beverly Hills: Sage. 8454:Barzilai, Gad (1996). 8066:"Part II, Question 40" 7938:. 2001. Archived from 7814:International Security 6886:| A. M. Meerloo, M.D. 6574:John Kenneth Galbraith 5948:. 1987. Archived from 5068:10.3201/eid0809.010536 5050:Wheelis, Mark (2002). 4294:Second Vatican Council 4283: 4251: 4200: 3991:Issue indivisibilities 3952: 3894: 3844: 3710: 3670: 3601: 3497:Theories of motivation 3471: 3349: 3297: 3258: 3239: 3138:World War I casualties 2898: 2796: 2719: 2714:insurgents during the 2652:Unconventional warfare 2451:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 2430: 2376:University of Illinois 2346: 2313: 2260: 1962:Awards and decorations 1935:Peace through strength 1910:Low-intensity conflict 1544:Conscientious objector 1417:Area of responsibility 126:Early modern warfare: 16:Intense armed conflict 12110:Divine right of kings 10405:Torpedo Data Computer 10395:Ship gun fire-control 9005:Van Creveld, Martin. 8922:. Sage Publications. 8872:U.S. Army War College 8792:. New York, NY: 8720:; Sharma, RR (2006). 8613:Fry, Douglas (2005). 8498:. Simon and Schuster. 8237:11 April 2011 at the 7993:on 24 September 2015. 7271:Waugh, David (2000). 6848:: 295. Archived from 5787:Tanton, John (2002). 5655:14 April 2013 at the 5138:"Information Warfare" 4943:27.2 (2016): 325–344. 4916:. 20 September 1976. 4856:Guns, Germs and Steel 4343:humanitarian corridor 4281: 4274:Limiting and stopping 4238: 4193:The Apotheosis of War 4190: 4006:Information asymmetry 3996:information asymmetry 3947: 3907:total fertility rates 3885: 3839: 3774:. Marxist economists 3700: 3674:by their neighbors". 3656: 3626:, as well as in many 3583: 3462: 3416:Military Keynesianism 3338: 3285: 3244: 3225: 3212:On military personnel 2994:weapons manufacturers 2813: 2794: 2706: 2425: 2374:, a professor at the 2344: 554:Torpedo data computer 544:Ship gun fire-control 112:Stele of the Vultures 13947:Comparative politics 13258:Democracy in America 12637:political philosophy 12620:political philosophy 12435:political philosophy 12264:political philosophy 12174:Separation of powers 12135:Night-watchman state 12120:Monopoly on violence 11654:Political philosophy 11266:Specific modern wars 11214:Vehicles and weapons 11139:Military occupations 9738:Carrier strike group 9022:Just and Unjust Wars 9016:, New York: Penguin. 8998:Turchin, P. (2005). 8993:The Direction of War 8863:30 July 2022 at the 8781:New York: Routledge. 8762:Keen, David (2012). 8748:A History of Warfare 8530:No Victory, No Peace 8514:Chagnon, N. (1983). 8291:The New Humanitarian 8156:Moseley, Alexander. 8070:The Summa Theologica 7826:10.1162/isec_a_00029 7307:. 20 November 2016. 6888:The Rape of the Mind 6855:on 22 September 2013 6379:23 July 2013 at the 5859:Arming the Periphery 5802:Moore, John (1992). 5391:(13 February 2005). 5115:. pp. 567–570. 4802:Keeley, Lawrence H: 4508:Cambridge Dictionary 4347:coronavirus pandemic 4039:Lewis Fry Richardson 3725:economic development 3286:The remains of dead 3204:Foreign Intervention 2895: more than 8800 2656:conventional warfare 2612:Radiological warfare 2604:is warfare in which 2566:radiological weapons 2550:Conventional warfare 2080:Military occupations 1915:Military engineering 1817:Unrestricted Warfare 1674:Force multiplication 572:Military manoeuvrers 21:War (disambiguation) 13729:Collective security 13613:United Nations (UN) 13448:Right-wing politics 13328:A Theory of Justice 13298:The Road to Serfdom 13218:The Social Contract 11925:Christian democracy 11429:Peace organizations 10892:Operations research 10370:Director (military) 10360:Fire-control system 9271:Command and control 8545:Fog, Agner (2017). 8538:War: Ends and Means 8190:War: Ends and Means 8095:Mosley, Alexander. 8076:on 12 February 2002 7578:30 May 2010 at the 7435:13 May 2016 at the 7416:12 May 2016 at the 7369:. 23 January 2019. 7111:. London: Routledge 6992:The Daily Telegraph 6733:Coleman, P. (1999) 6603:Romer, Christina D. 6528:(Online ed.). 6260:. Joseph M. Conlon. 6248:, New York: Longman 6243:12 May 2008 at the 6154:"Russian Civil War" 6085:. Users.erols.com. 6004:. Users.erols.com. 5982:on 15 December 2007 5922:. Users.erols.com. 5857:Chew, Emry (2012). 5789:The Social Contract 5180:Ministry of Defense 4819:Genocide: A History 4714:on 21 November 2010 4660:2021NatSR..11.9991C 4198:Vasily Vereshchagin 4169:bounded rationality 4147:Diversionary theory 4000:Commitment problems 3827:Malthusian theories 3800:means of production 3798:. Expansion of the 3705:on fire during the 3610:Prehistoric warfare 3509:Carl von Clausewitz 3441:Franco-Prussian War 3331:Civilian casualties 3099:An Lushan Rebellion 2829: less than 100 2642:civilian casualties 2588:Information warfare 2455:Russo-Ukrainian War 2382:, large raids, and 2351:prehistoric warfare 1766:Penal military unit 1751:Rules of engagement 1427:Command and control 1052:Operations research 516:Director (military) 506:Fire-control system 276:Command and control 157:Part of a series on 134:Battle of the Somme 128:Retreat from Moscow 14019:Dispute resolution 13460:Political violence 13455:Political theology 13438:Left-wing politics 13433:Political spectrum 10887:Military operation 10854:Tactical objective 10365:Fire-control radar 10281:Military equipment 10223:Anti-ship missiles 9575:Electronic-warfare 9438:Military maneuvers 9423:Combat occupations 9199:Commanding officer 9159:Occupational roles 8779:Keeping the Peace. 8687:London: Routledge. 8667:(Oxford UP, 2022) 8627:Gat, Azar (2006). 8346:– via UNHCR. 7490:10: 238–60; 240–44 6941:Walsh, Maurice N. 6820:The New York Times 6758:on 12 October 2007 6703:Mayer, E. (2000). 6556:9 May 2015 at the 6551:"Great Depression" 6270:War and Pestilence 5920:"Mongol Conquests" 5878:, Blackwell 2003, 5671:, vol 538 (7624), 4973:www.britannica.com 4648:Scientific Reports 4284: 4252: 4201: 3895: 3808:capitalist economy 3711: 3671: 3472: 3390:Most estimates of 3350: 3298: 3269:American Civil War 3217:Military personnel 2964:may have been the 2948:Casualty recording 2899: 2797: 2720: 2716:War in Afghanistan 2708:United States Army 2495:Biological warfare 2485:Asymmetric warfare 2431: 2407:left-wing politics 2394:William Rubinstein 2372:Lawrence H. Keeley 2347: 2288:mixture, confusion 1875:Counter-insurgency 1796:Command of the sea 1741:Jewish laws on war 1716:Geneva Conventions 1252:Divide and conquer 1047:Military operation 1012:Tactical objective 511:Fire-control radar 488:Electronic-warfare 122:Battle of Hastings 120:Medieval warfare: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13994: 13967:International law 13836:Right of conquest 13801:National interest 13744:Deterrence theory 13642: 13641: 13629:League of Nations 13513: 13512: 13423:Philosophy of law 13368:Conflict theories 13208:The Spirit of Law 13115: 13114: 12164:Original position 11620: 11619: 11464: 11463: 11390:Anti-war movement 11333: 11332: 11325:Conflicts by time 10950:Counter-offensive 10940:Military campaign 10859:Target saturation 10809:Counterinsurgency 10458:International law 10400:Gun data computer 10269: 10268: 9606:Armies by country 9570:Close air support 9535:Aircraft carriers 9204:Executive officer 9050:Library resources 8962:978-0-312-53744-9 8929:978-0-8039-1776-7 8880:978-1-58487-472-0 8828:978-88-87835-89-2 8601:Keeping the Peace 8566:978-1-78374-403-9 8556:10.11647/OBP.0128 8496:The Causes of War 8294:. 19 March 2012. 8204:978-0-465-09067-9 8064:Aquinas, Thomas. 7749:From point 10 of 7461:978-0-520-08267-0 7286:978-0-17-444706-1 7257:978-0-393-05931-1 6896:978-1-61577-376-3 6793:978-0-275-99435-8 6735:"Cost of the War" 6522:"Alsace-Lorraine" 6495:978-0-674-02178-5 6318:(7659): 1482–86. 6210:978-0-521-39559-5 5884:978-0-631-18117-0 5874:McFarlane, Alan: 5624:Our World in Data 5568:Our World in Data 5189:on 16 August 2022 5122:978-0-8493-1434-6 4829:978-0-582-50601-5 4739:Asia Times Online 4542:978-80-224-1341-1 4288:Anti-war movement 4264:international law 4245:General Plan East 4047:Correlates of War 4033:Political science 3916:French Revolution 3784:Rudolf Hilferding 3721:natural resources 3667:Maya civilization 3369:Holy Roman Empire 3365:Thirty Years' War 3346:Thirty Years' War 3236:, Richard Gabriel 3209: 3208: 3200:Russian Civil War 3079:Taiping Rebellion 2904:Thirty Years' War 2692:guerrilla warfare 2644:, or demanding a 2582:counterinsurgency 2532:covert operations 2528:political warfare 2499:cluster munitions 2229:The English word 2153: 2152: 2045:Horses in warfare 1992:Anti-war movement 1895:Gunboat diplomacy 1885:Disaster response 1833:Philosophy of war 1828:Principles of war 1801:Deterrence theory 1746:Right of conquest 1669:Lanchester's laws 1437:Principles of war 1127:Counter-offensive 1112:Military campaign 1017:Target saturation 940:Counterinsurgency 549:Gun data computer 483:Close air support 445:Aircraft carriers 144:Nuclear warfare: 140:Normandy landings 110:Ancient warfare: 14041: 13987:Security studies 13779:Internationality 13774:Internationalism 13573: 13572: 13540: 13533: 13526: 13517: 13516: 13428:Political ethics 13418:Machiavellianism 13358:Authoritarianism 13343: 13333: 13323: 13313: 13303: 13293: 13283: 13273: 13263: 13253: 13243: 13233: 13223: 13213: 13203: 13193: 13183: 13173: 13163: 13153: 13143: 13133: 12209: 12208: 12150: 12086: 12076:Balance of power 12050:Social democracy 12045:Social Darwinism 12020:Multiculturalism 11965:Environmentalism 11940:Communitarianism 11647: 11640: 11633: 11624: 11623: 11504: 11497: 11490: 11481: 11480: 11468: 11467: 11454: 11453: 11443: 11442: 11420: 11303: 11294: 11285: 11276: 11260: 11251: 11242: 11233: 11224: 11210: 11201: 11192: 11177: 11176: 11119:Military tactics 10960:Defence in depth 10814:Defeat in detail 10510:Armoured warfare 10448:Military science 10238:Close-in weapons 9910: 9909: 9821:Wheeled vehicles 9816:Tracked vehicles 9613:Chain of command 9276:Defense ministry 9114: 9107: 9100: 9091: 9090: 9082: 9042:Timeline of wars 8978: 8976: 8974: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8797: 8767: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8650: 8643: 8610: 8604: 8593: 8581: 8570: 8558: 8541: 8499: 8490: 8481: 8479: 8468: 8459: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8425:The Wire Science 8416: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8399: 8388: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8363: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8337: 8323: 8314: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8265: 8258: 8248: 8242: 8228: 8222: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8153: 8144: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8004: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7986:. 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Archived from 5136:Lewis, Brian C. 5133: 5127: 5126: 5111:(2nd ed.). 5104: 5098: 5097: 5087: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5030: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4965: 4959: 4950: 4944: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4869: 4858: 4854:Diamond, Jared, 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4687: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4551: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4447: 4436: 4428: 4412: 4397: 4388: 4380: 4173:cognitive biases 4162:Individual-level 4111:Balance of power 4104:John Mearsheimer 4081:security dilemma 4011:Geoffrey Blainey 3924:Rwandan genocide 3872:land degradation 3599: 3596:Nuremberg trials 3565:, a follower of 3483:Great Depression 3433:Great Depression 3403: 3377:infant mortality 3315:Seven Years' War 3296: 3293: 3256: 3237: 3059:Mongol invasions 3055:Mongol Conquests 3010: 3009: 2985:Byelorussian SSR 2981:prisoners of war 2958:Mongol conquests 2929: 2925: 2920: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2752:Anglo-Dutch Wars 2524:economic warfare 2505:Chemical warfare 2473:Types of warfare 2337:Military history 2326: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2273: 2263: 2257: 2248: 2242: 2145: 2138: 2131: 1900:Humanitarian aid 1838:Security dilemma 1659:Power projection 1442:Economy of force 1422:Chain of command 1137:Defence in depth 1122:Commerce raiding 945:Defeat in detail 281:Defense ministry 185: 176: 175: 166: 154: 153: 138:Modern warfare: 117: 102: 93: 82: 73: 62: 53: 14049: 14048: 14044: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14039: 14038: 14024:Military ethics 14004: 14003: 14002: 13997: 13996: 13991: 13935: 13926:Postcolonialism 13887: 13816:Non-state actor 13811:Non-belligerent 13806:Neutral country 13791:Interventionism 13724:Co-belligerence 13685: 13638: 13617: 13562: 13549: 13544: 13514: 13509: 13496: 13485:Totalitarianism 13346: 13341: 13331: 13321: 13311: 13301: 13291: 13281: 13271: 13261: 13251: 13241: 13231: 13221: 13211: 13201: 13191: 13181: 13171: 13161: 13158:Treatise on Law 13151: 13141: 13131: 13111: 12769: 12763: 12502: 12496: 12382: 12376: 12295: 12198: 12184:State of nature 12179:Social contract 12159:Ordered liberty 12147:Noblesse oblige 12064: 11898: 11827: 11656: 11651: 11621: 11616: 11513: 11508: 11473: 11465: 11460: 11433: 11414: 11400:Humanitarianism 11329: 11308: 11297: 11288: 11279: 11273:Napoleonic Wars 11270: 11254: 11248:Modern warships 11245: 11236: 11227: 11218: 11204: 11195: 11186: 11173:Other namespace 11168: 11090: 11009: 10921: 10873: 10839:Rapid dominance 10748: 10624: 10409: 10348: 10265: 10211:Naval artillery 10191:Guided missiles 10179: 9901: 9782: 9584: 9447: 9443:Combat training 9391:Security forces 9381:Military police 9319:Airborne forces 9259: 9127: 9118: 9084:War zone safety 9075: 9074: 9073: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9033: 9028: 9014:Before the Dawn 9002:. NY: Pi Press. 8972: 8970: 8963: 8939: 8937: 8930: 8865:Wayback Machine 8838: 8836: 8829: 8733: 8731: 8707: 8705: 8654: 8652: 8648: 8641: 8590: 8567: 8508:War is a Racket 8503:Butler, Smedley 8449: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8417: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8386: 8380: 8376: 8368: 8361: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8321: 8315: 8311: 8301: 8299: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8239:Wayback Machine 8229: 8225: 8216: 8212: 8205: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8162:Just War Theory 8154: 8147: 8124: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8101:Just War Theory 8093: 8089: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8019:on 2 April 2010 8005: 7998: 7990: 7967: 7961: 7957: 7945: 7943: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7900: 7867: 7857: 7855: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7810: 7806: 7801:Wayback Machine 7791: 7787: 7782:Wayback Machine 7768: 7764: 7758:Wayback Machine 7748: 7744: 7732: 7728: 7699: 7695: 7685: 7683: 7676: 7660: 7656: 7617: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7589: 7585: 7580:Wayback Machine 7571: 7567: 7562:Wayback 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5509: 5495: 5493: 5486: 5468: 5464: 5450: 5448: 5441: 5424: 5420: 5406: 5404: 5389:Katwala, Sunder 5385: 5381: 5367: 5365: 5358: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5319: 5301: 5297: 5284: 5282: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5241: 5239: 5232: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5148:on 17 June 1997 5134: 5130: 5123: 5105: 5101: 5048: 5044: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4879:Wayback Machine 4870: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4801: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4772: 4768: 4752: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4552: 4548: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4401:The Blank Slate 4398: 4391: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4355: 4335: 4299:Gaudiem et Spes 4290: 4276: 4212:just war theory 4185: 4177:prospect theory 4164: 4143: 4092:Hans Morgenthau 4088:Henry Kissinger 4069: 4035: 3961: 3943:Geoffrey Parker 3940: 3901:, who proposed 3880: 3824: 3816: 3804:consumer demand 3790:theorized that 3760: 3754: 3733:fiscal capacity 3717: 3695: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3598:, 18 April 1946 3590: 3517: 3505: 3499: 3457: 3426:Alsace-Lorraine 3422:war reparations 3418: 3412: 3401: 3333: 3327: 3294: 3257: 3251: 3238: 3232: 3214: 3193: 3178: 3162: 3147: 3127: 3108: 3092: 3072: 3063:Tatar invasions 3048: 3028: 3014: 2950: 2938:Main articles: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2890: 2889: 8000–8800 2886: 2884: 2883: 3000–8000 2880: 2878: 2877: 2600–3000 2874: 2872: 2871: 2200–2600 2868: 2866: 2865: 1800–2200 2862: 2860: 2859: 1400–1800 2856: 2854: 2853: 1000–1400 2850: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2808: 2803: 2789: 2740: 2732: 2701: 2606:nuclear weapons 2602:Nuclear warfare 2509:chemical weapon 2481: 2475: 2388:defensive works 2339: 2333: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2304:Old High German 2290: 2287: 2284: 2227: 2184:military forces 2149: 2120: 2119: 2070: 2060: 2059: 2025: 2017: 2016: 1957: 1947: 1946: 1920:Multilateralism 1905:Law enforcement 1865: 1855: 1854: 1823:Just war theory 1781: 1771: 1770: 1721:Geneva Protocol 1691: 1681: 1680: 1654: 1644: 1643: 1585: 1575: 1574: 1482: 1472: 1471: 1412: 1402: 1401: 1367: 1357: 1356: 1287:Network-centric 1207: 1197: 1196: 1104: 1094: 1093: 1042: 1032: 1031: 980:Rapid dominance 885: 875: 874: 830:Electromagnetic 739: 729: 728: 715: 668: 616: 592: 582: 581: 577:Combat training 558: 535: 501:Combat systems: 497: 459: 455:Auxiliary ships 421: 381: 377:Military police 343: 266: 256: 255: 195: 169: 168: 167: 162: 152: 151: 150: 149: 143: 137: 131: 125: 119: 109: 105: 104: 103: 95: 94: 85: 84: 83: 75: 74: 65: 64: 63: 55: 54: 41: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14047: 14037: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 13999: 13998: 13993: 13992: 13990: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13943: 13941: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13906:English school 13903: 13901:Constructivism 13897: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13885: 13880: 13879: 13878: 13873: 13871:Non-aggression 13868: 13863: 13858: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13781: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13715: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13693: 13691: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13652: 13650: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13625: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13579: 13577: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13560: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13543: 13542: 13535: 13528: 13520: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13507: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13494: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13475:Social justice 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13451: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13383:Egalitarianism 13380: 13375: 13373:Contractualism 13370: 13365: 13360: 13354: 13352: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13334: 13324: 13314: 13304: 13294: 13284: 13274: 13264: 13254: 13244: 13234: 13224: 13214: 13204: 13194: 13184: 13174: 13164: 13154: 13144: 13134: 13123: 13121: 13117: 13116: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12773: 12771: 12765: 12764: 12762: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12640: 12639: 12629: 12624: 12623: 12622: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12506: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12438: 12437: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12386: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12303: 12301: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12267: 12266: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12215: 12213: 12206: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12169:Overton window 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12078: 12072: 12070: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 12000:Libertarianism 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11900: 11899: 11897: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11664: 11662: 11658: 11657: 11650: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11627: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11614: 11609: 11599: 11589: 11579: 11569: 11559: 11549: 11539: 11529: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11507: 11506: 11499: 11492: 11484: 11478: 11475: 11474: 11462: 11461: 11438: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11380:Global studies 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11355:Peace movement 11352: 11347: 11341: 11339: 11335: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11327: 11322: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11306: 11305: 11304: 11295: 11286: 11277: 11263: 11262: 11261: 11252: 11243: 11234: 11225: 11211: 11202: 11193: 11183: 11181: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11154:Related lists: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11124:History lists: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11104:Military lists 11100: 11098: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11071:Defense policy 11068: 11066:Defense budget 11063: 11058: 11056:Public policy: 11053: 11048: 11046:United Nations 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11019: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11008: 11007: 11005:Scorched earth 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10907:Deep operation 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10883: 10881: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10769: 10764: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10724: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10634: 10632: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10622: 10620:Unconventional 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10570:Disinformation 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10485: 10480: 10478:Post-classical 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10419: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10354: 10353:Combat systems 10350: 10349: 10347: 10346: 10344:Field hospital 10341: 10340: 10339: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10307: 10306: 10305: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10288: 10277: 10275: 10271: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10219: 10218: 10208: 10200: 10199: 10198: 10187: 10185: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10121:Shoulder-fired 10110: 10109: 10108: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10048: 10047: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10025: 10021:Service rifles 10017: 10016: 10015: 10005: 10000: 9992: 9991: 9990: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9934: 9929: 9928: 9927: 9916: 9914: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9887: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9870: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9796: 9790: 9788: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9664: 9663: 9662: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9592: 9590: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9582: 9580:Reconnaissance 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9545:Auxiliary ship 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9484: 9483: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9457: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9433:Basic training 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9372: 9371: 9364:Reconnaissance 9361: 9356: 9351: 9349:Communications 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9314:Special forces 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9278: 9273: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9230: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9135: 9133: 9129: 9128: 9117: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9044:on Histropedia 9039: 9032: 9031:External links 9029: 9027: 9026: 9025:. Basic Books. 9017: 9010: 9003: 8996: 8986: 8979: 8961: 8946: 8928: 8913: 8906: 8896: 8889: 8882: 8852: 8845: 8827: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8786:Kolko, Gabriel 8782: 8775: 8768: 8759: 8752: 8740: 8714: 8688: 8681: 8671: 8661: 8632: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8594: 8589:978-0385043472 8588: 8571: 8565: 8542: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8500: 8491: 8482: 8469: 8460: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8411: 8374: 8349: 8309: 8277: 8243: 8223: 8210: 8203: 8179: 8145: 8118: 8087: 8056: 8030: 7996: 7955: 7942:on 7 July 2011 7927: 7865: 7839: 7804: 7785: 7762: 7742: 7739:978-1850658214 7726: 7693: 7675:978-0029035917 7674: 7654: 7627:(3): 379–414. 7608: 7599: 7583: 7565: 7547: 7529: 7514: 7492: 7479: 7460: 7440: 7421: 7402: 7384: 7366:Foreign Policy 7352: 7322: 7292: 7285: 7277:Nelson Thornes 7263: 7256: 7250:. p. 94. 7234: 7203: 7183: 7163: 7136: 7113: 7100: 7087: 7075: 7068: 7056:Pinker, Steven 7047: 7034: 7010: 6978: 6969: 6947: 6934: 6921: 6919:(Fornari 1975) 6912: 6899: 6879: 6866: 6825: 6811: 6792: 6769: 6743: 6726: 6695: 6689:978-1317881391 6688: 6670: 6627: 6613:(4): 757–784. 6594: 6565: 6543: 6513: 6494: 6474: 6459:. 9 May 2005. 6444: 6418: 6385: 6366: 6347: 6298: 6278: 6262: 6250: 6228: 6209: 6189: 6171: 6145: 6134: 6119: 6100: 6074: 6044: 6032:Britannica.com 6019: 5993: 5963: 5952:on 17 May 2003 5937: 5911: 5898: 5864: 5849: 5837: 5824: 5821:. p. 344. 5809: 5806:. p. 304. 5794: 5779: 5730: 5715: 5692:(4): 437–443. 5676: 5660: 5641: 5611: 5585: 5554: 5533:978-0804723800 5532: 5507: 5485:978-3110443486 5484: 5462: 5440:978-1137359018 5439: 5418: 5379: 5357:978-1137359018 5356: 5336: 5318:978-0521558686 5317: 5295: 5274:978-1137359018 5273: 5253: 5231:978-0199878338 5230: 5200: 5159: 5128: 5121: 5099: 5062:(9): 971–975. 5042: 4985: 4960: 4945: 4931: 4899: 4887: 4859: 4847: 4828: 4808: 4795: 4766: 4725: 4699: 4634: 4608: 4578: 4546: 4525: 4495: 4484:on 8 July 2024 4459: 4441:. March 2008. 4422: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4389: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4359:Outline of war 4354: 4351: 4334: 4331: 4286:Main article: 4275: 4272: 4184: 4181: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4142: 4141:Societal-level 4139: 4130: 4129: 4119: 4068: 4065: 4034: 4031: 4019:cognitive bias 4002: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3981:peace war game 3960: 3957: 3939: 3936: 3879: 3876: 3854:. The violent 3848:Thomas Malthus 3823: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3788:Vladimir Lenin 3780:Rosa Luxemburg 3756:Main article: 3753: 3750: 3729:state-building 3709:, 1 March 1991 3694: 3691: 3678:Ashley Montagu 3605: 3602: 3592:Hermann Göring 3588: 3563:Franco Fornari 3516: 3515:Psychoanalytic 3513: 3498: 3495: 3456: 3453: 3411: 3408: 3385:drinking water 3363:). During the 3326: 3323: 3249: 3234:No More Heroes 3230: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3016: 2966:Paraguayan War 2962:modern history 2935: 2932: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2847: 600–1000 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2807: 2804: 2801:Effects of war 2799:Main article: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2739: 2738:Classification 2736: 2731: 2728: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2658:" and may use 2649: 2619: 2609: 2599: 2585: 2575: 2569: 2547: 2516: 2502: 2492: 2477:Main article: 2474: 2471: 2335:Main article: 2332: 2329: 2276:Proto-Germanic 2226: 2223: 2206:suffering and 2160:armed conflict 2151: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2140: 2133: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2085:Military terms 2082: 2077: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1843:Tripwire force 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1666: 1661: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1597: 1592: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1368: 1365:Administrative 1363: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1292:New generation 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1267:Fleet in being 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1208: 1205:Grand strategy 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1192:Scorched earth 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1069:Deep operation 1066: 1061: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 998: 997: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 916: 915: 910: 905: 895: 886: 881: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 870:Unconventional 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 818: 816:Disinformation 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 787: 786: 781: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 740: 735: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 721: 714: 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 667: 666: 665: 664: 663: 662: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 615: 614: 613: 612: 607: 602: 593: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 574: 569: 567:Basic training 564: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 496: 495: 493:Reconnaissance 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 420: 419: 414: 412:Special forces 409: 404: 403: 402: 392: 387: 380: 379: 374: 369: 367:Reconnaissance 364: 359: 354: 349: 342: 341: 332: 327: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 267: 262: 261: 258: 257: 254: 253: 252: 251: 246: 236: 235: 234: 229: 219: 218: 217: 210:Post-classical 207: 202: 196: 191: 190: 187: 186: 178: 177: 159: 158: 107: 106: 97: 96: 88: 87: 86: 77: 76: 68: 67: 66: 57: 56: 48: 47: 46: 45: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14046: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14009: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13944: 13942: 13938: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13898: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13884: 13881: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13776: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13699: 13698: 13695: 13694: 13692: 13688: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13653: 13651: 13649: 13645: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13620: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13568:Organizations 13565: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13552: 13548: 13541: 13536: 13534: 13529: 13527: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13506: 13503: 13502: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13408:Jurisprudence 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13340: 13339: 13335: 13330: 13329: 13325: 13320: 13319: 13315: 13310: 13309: 13305: 13300: 13299: 13295: 13290: 13289: 13285: 13280: 13279: 13275: 13270: 13269: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13255: 13250: 13249: 13245: 13240: 13239: 13238:Rights of Man 13235: 13230: 13229: 13225: 13220: 13219: 13215: 13210: 13209: 13205: 13200: 13199: 13195: 13190: 13189: 13185: 13180: 13179: 13175: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13160: 13159: 13155: 13150: 13149: 13148:De re publica 13145: 13140: 13139: 13135: 13130: 13129: 13125: 13124: 13122: 13118: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12774: 12772: 12768:20th and 21st 12766: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12621: 12618: 12617: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12501:18th and 19th 12499: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12379: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12357:Nizam al-Mulk 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12298: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12201: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12067: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12040:Republicanism 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11830: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11648: 11643: 11641: 11636: 11634: 11629: 11628: 11625: 11613: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11590: 11587: 11583: 11580: 11577: 11573: 11570: 11567: 11563: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11550: 11547: 11543: 11540: 11537: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11523: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11512: 11505: 11500: 11498: 11493: 11491: 11486: 11485: 11482: 11476: 11469: 11459: 11458: 11448: 11447: 11436: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11418: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11360:Peace process 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11336: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11311: 11301: 11296: 11292: 11287: 11283: 11278: 11274: 11269: 11268: 11267: 11264: 11258: 11253: 11249: 11244: 11240: 11235: 11231: 11226: 11222: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11203: 11199: 11194: 11190: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11097: 11093: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11025: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11012: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10902:Expeditionary 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10804:Counterattack 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10659: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10627: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10610:Psychological 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10550:Combined arms 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10412: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10351: 10345: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10332:Military base 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10311: 10308: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10299: 10296: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10233:Depth charges 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10067:Anti-tank gun 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10041: 10040:Assault rifle 10038: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10029: 10028:Battle rifles 10026: 10024: 10022: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9996:Infantry guns 9993: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9957: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9911: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9890:Anti-aircraft 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9785: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9677: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9623:General staff 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9540:Landing craft 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9208: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9189:Enlisted rank 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9015: 9011: 9008: 9004: 9001: 8997: 8994: 8990: 8989:Strachan, Hew 8987: 8984: 8980: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8955:. Macmillan. 8954: 8953: 8947: 8935: 8931: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8914: 8911: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8894: 8893:How War Began 8890: 8887: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8850: 8846: 8834: 8830: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8794:The New Press 8791: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8741: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8715: 8703: 8699: 8698: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8647: 8640: 8639: 8633: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8603: 8602: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8572: 8568: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8548: 8543: 8539: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8492: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8477: 8470: 8466: 8461: 8457: 8452: 8451: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8415: 8396: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8367: 8360: 8353: 8334: 8330: 8328: 8320: 8313: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8281: 8262: 8255: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8227: 8220: 8214: 8206: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8183: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8150: 8143: 8142:0-19-860446-7 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8122: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8091: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8060: 8045: 8041: 8034: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8003: 8001: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7978:(1): 87–112. 7977: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7922: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7789: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7667: 7666: 7665:Causes of War 7658: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7615: 7613: 7603: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7551: 7545: 7541: 7538: 7533: 7526: 7523: 7522:Urdal, Henrik 7518: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7496: 7489: 7483: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7444: 7438: 7434: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7288: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7267: 7259: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7196: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7171:Roger Griffin 7167: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7140: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7117: 7110: 7104: 7097: 7091: 7084: 7079: 7071: 7069:0-713-99256-5 7065: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7014: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6973: 6957: 6951: 6944: 6938: 6931: 6925: 6916: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6876: 6870: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6821: 6815: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6685: 6681: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6579:Daniel Yergin 6575: 6569: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6547: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6478: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6302: 6296: 6295:1-4067-2726-1 6292: 6288: 6282: 6275: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6232: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6193: 6185: 6178: 6176: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6138: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5869: 5861:. p. 49. 5860: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5828: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5798: 5791:. p. 42. 5790: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5645: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5504: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5458:instructions. 5446: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5422: 5415: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5340: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5299: 5292: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5257: 5250: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5005:(S1): S45-9. 5004: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4956: 4949: 4942: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4623: 4622:New Scientist 4619: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4463: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4230:Jus ad bellum 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4217:jus ad bellum 4213: 4208: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4100:Kenneth Waltz 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4055:Kenneth Waltz 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4012: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897:According to 3892: 3888: 3884: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3835:First Crusade 3832: 3831:Pope Urban II 3828: 3819: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3636:Steven Pinker 3632: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3618: 3611: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3568: 3567:Melanie Klein 3564: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3524:Joost Meerloo 3522: 3521:psychoanalyst 3512: 3510: 3504: 3494: 3491: 3490:Axis invasion 3486: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3235: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3185:Dungan Revolt 3183: 3180: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3168:Conquests of 3167: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3083:Dungan Revolt 3080: 3077: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2841: 200–600 2835: 100–200 2823: no data 2816: 2812: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2735: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443:Iran–Iraq War 2440: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2343: 2338: 2328: 2315: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2204:non-combatant 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2166:, or between 2165: 2161: 2157: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972:Warrior caste 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1943: 1942:Show of force 1940: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1930:Peacebuilding 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1786:Air supremacy 1784: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1726:Islamic rules 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1706:Court-martial 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1605:Arms industry 1603: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222:Broken-backed 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1064:Expeditionary 1062: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: 992: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 935:Counterattack 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 899: 896: 894: 891: 890: 889: 884: 879: 878: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 860:Psychological 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 796:Combined arms 794: 792: 789: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 741: 738: 733: 732: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 674: 673: 670: 669: 661: 658: 657: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 635:Fortification 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 621: 618: 617: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 597: 595: 594: 591: 586: 585: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 456: 453: 451: 450:Landing craft 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 422: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 401: 398: 397: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 340: 336: 335:Standing army 333: 331: 328: 326: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 268: 265: 260: 259: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 237: 233: 230: 228: 227:pike and shot 225: 224: 223: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 194: 189: 188: 184: 180: 179: 173: 165: 161: 160: 156: 155: 147: 141: 135: 129: 123: 113: 101: 92: 81: 72: 61: 52: 43: 39: 38: 37:Conflict Zone 30: 26: 22: 13882: 13866:Multilateral 13796:Isolationism 13749:Expansionism 13489: 13388:Elite theory 13336: 13326: 13316: 13306: 13296: 13286: 13276: 13266: 13256: 13246: 13236: 13226: 13216: 13206: 13196: 13186: 13176: 13166: 13156: 13146: 13136: 13126: 12425:Guicciardini 12381:Early modern 12204:Philosophers 12154:Open society 12090:Body politic 11960:Distributism 11950:Conservatism 11945:Confucianism 11864:Gerontocracy 11854:Dictatorship 11822: 11808:Sovereignty‎ 11798:Ruling class 11688:Emancipation 11673:Citizenship‎ 11510: 11455: 11444: 11423: 11419:}} 11415:{{ 11302:}} 11298:{{ 11293:}} 11291:World War II 11289:{{ 11284:}} 11280:{{ 11275:}} 11271:{{ 11265: 11259:}} 11255:{{ 11250:}} 11246:{{ 11241:}} 11237:{{ 11232:}} 11228:{{ 11223:}} 11219:{{ 11213: 11209:}} 11205:{{ 11200:}} 11196:{{ 11191:}} 11187:{{ 11153: 11123: 11103: 11075: 11061:Conscription 11055: 11036:Peace treaty 11022: 10727:Subterranean 10615:Radiological 10555:Conventional 10504: 10483:Early modern 10462: 10422: 10414: 10389: 10326: 10242: 10202: 10164: 10147: 10112: 10101:Combat knife 10091:Flamethrower 10056: 10052:Sniper rifle 10019: 10008:Machine guns 9994: 9931: 9793: 9767: 9757: 9722: 9627: 9596:Organization 9549: 9503:Naval units: 9502: 9498:Signal corps 9460: 9428:Development: 9427: 9417: 9396:Border guard 9359:Intelligence 9343: 9282:Armed Forces 9280: 9249: 9210: 9168: 9124: 9064:Online books 9054: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8992: 8982: 8971:. Retrieved 8951: 8938:. Retrieved 8918: 8909: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8856: 8848: 8837:. Retrieved 8817: 8808: 8801: 8789: 8778: 8771: 8763: 8755: 8746: 8743:Keegan, John 8732:. Retrieved 8722: 8706:. Retrieved 8696: 8684: 8674: 8664: 8653:. Retrieved 8637: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8600: 8577: 8546: 8537: 8529: 8522: 8516:The Yanomamo 8515: 8506: 8495: 8486: 8475: 8464: 8455: 8447:Bibliography 8433:. Retrieved 8414: 8402:. Retrieved 8390: 8377: 8352: 8340:. Retrieved 8325: 8312: 8300:. Retrieved 8289: 8280: 8268:. Retrieved 8252: 8246: 8226: 8221:, Jul. 2012. 8219:CFM Research 8218: 8213: 8189: 8182: 8170:. Retrieved 8161: 8133: 8121: 8109:. Retrieved 8100: 8090: 8078:. Retrieved 8074:the original 8069: 8059: 8047:. Retrieved 8043: 8033: 8021:. Retrieved 8017:the original 8012: 8009:"Conclusion" 7988:the original 7975: 7971: 7958: 7944:. Retrieved 7940:the original 7930: 7911: 7907: 7856:. Retrieved 7842: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7788: 7765: 7745: 7729: 7710: 7706: 7696: 7684:. Retrieved 7664: 7657: 7624: 7620: 7602: 7591: 7586: 7568: 7550: 7532: 7517: 7500: 7495: 7487: 7482: 7470:. Retrieved 7450: 7443: 7424: 7405: 7387: 7375:. Retrieved 7364: 7355: 7343:. Retrieved 7334: 7325: 7313:. Retrieved 7304: 7295: 7272: 7266: 7243: 7237: 7225:. Retrieved 7206: 7191: 7186: 7177:, New York: 7174: 7166: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7131: 7116: 7108: 7103: 7095: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7059: 7050: 7042: 7037: 7019: 7013: 7000:. Retrieved 6991: 6981: 6972: 6960:. Retrieved 6950: 6942: 6937: 6929: 6924: 6915: 6907: 6902: 6887: 6882: 6874: 6869: 6857:. Retrieved 6850:the original 6845: 6841: 6828: 6818: 6814: 6802:. Retrieved 6782: 6778:Marc Pilisuk 6772: 6760:. Retrieved 6756:the original 6746: 6738: 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6713:the original 6709:Emayzine.com 6708: 6698: 6679: 6673: 6643:(1): 41–60. 6640: 6636: 6630: 6622: 6610: 6606: 6597: 6583: 6568: 6561: 6546: 6534:. Retrieved 6525: 6516: 6504:. Retrieved 6484: 6477: 6465:. Retrieved 6456: 6447: 6435:. 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Retrieved 4438: 4426: 4408: 4405:lex talionis 4404: 4378: 4336: 4311:World War II 4304: 4297: 4291: 4268: 4261: 4256:Jus in bello 4254: 4253: 4248: 4239:In besieged 4229: 4228: 4223:jus in bello 4221: 4215: 4209: 4202: 4191: 4171:and various 4165: 4131: 4125: 4085: 4070: 4067:System-level 4058: 4036: 4016: 4003: 3985:James Fearon 3962: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3912: 3896: 3845: 3840: 3825: 3817: 3776:Karl Kautsky 3761: 3718: 3715:Resource war 3676: 3672: 3633: 3621: 3613: 3604:Evolutionary 3584: 3571: 3560: 3536:displacement 3518: 3506: 3487: 3475:World War II 3473: 3469:World War II 3455:World War II 3437:World War II 3430: 3419: 3398:were around 3396:Soviet Union 3389: 3381:malnutrition 3351: 3339: 3325:On civilians 3299: 3288:Crow Indians 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3215: 3119:Ming dynasty 3117:conquest of 3115:Qing dynasty 3051:13th century 3035:World War II 3005:World War II 2998: 2974: 2954:World War II 2951: 2926:million to 2 2916: 2912:World War II 2900: 2782: 2771: 2760: 2741: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2572:Cyberwarfare 2540:cyberwarfare 2519:Cold warfare 2489:belligerents 2479:Types of war 2459: 2432: 2411: 2403: 2392: 2365: 2363: 2359:Jebel Sahaba 2357:cemetery in 2348: 2230: 2228: 2219:human nature 2212: 2187: 2168:governmental 2159: 2155: 2154: 2055:Fifth column 2035:War resister 2030:Women in war 1925:Peacekeeping 1870:Arms control 1815: 1504:Mobilization 1499:Conscription 1457:Intelligence 1410:Organization 1056: 985:Encirclement 865:Radiological 801:Conventional 655:Subterranean 562:Development: 561: 538: 500: 462: 425:Naval units: 424: 417:Signal corps 384: 362:Intelligence 347:Specialties: 346: 271:Organization 222:Early modern 163: 42: 36: 13962:Geopolitics 13841:Sovereignty 13821:Imperialism 13734:Colonialism 13719:Appeasement 13634:Warsaw Pact 13262:(1835–1840) 13142:(c. 350 BC) 13132:(c. 375 BC) 12749:Tocqueville 12714:Saint-Simon 12679:Montesquieu 12530:Bolingbroke 12462:Machiavelli 12342:Ibn Khaldun 12307:Alpharabius 12300:Middle Ages 12125:Natural law 12100:Common good 12025:Nationalism 11985:Imperialism 11955:Corporatism 11930:Colonialism 11910:Agrarianism 11889:Technocracy 11869:Meritocracy 11849:Bureaucracy 11839:Aristocracy 11542:War concept 11424:Categories: 11365:Disarmament 11282:World War I 11041:Cooperation 10955:Culminating 10879:Operational 10824:Envelopment 10744:Information 10663:Cold-region 10630:Battlespace 10488:Late modern 10468:Prehistoric 10390:Historical: 10327:Facilities: 9853:Armored car 9728:Naval fleet 9466:Combat arms 9461:Land units: 9418:Categories: 9401:Coast guard 9386:Gendarmerie 9309:Space force 9250:Categories: 9164:Recruitment 8718:James, Paul 8692:James, Paul 7820:(3): 7–52. 7792:Point 6 in 7769:Quote from 6405:: 361–377. 6164:26 February 5907:Études Song 5886:– cited by 5634:16 November 5578:15 November 5516:Haase, Hugo 5249:objectives. 5152:27 February 4654:(1): 9991. 4555:James, Paul 4325:. Protests 4315:Vietnam War 4307:World War I 4043:World War I 3976:game theory 3964:Rationalism 3959:Rationalist 3903:youth bulge 3878:Youth bulge 3814:Demographic 3792:imperialism 3768:imperialist 3669:by 900 CE. 3624:chimpanzees 3617:competition 3528:John Bowlby 3445:World War I 3379:by 10% and 3295: 1874 3277:World War I 3134:World War I 3015:(millions) 2908:World War I 2626:laws of war 2513:World War I 2417:nuclear war 2235:Old English 2215:war studies 2213:While some 2040:War studies 1863:Non-warfare 1791:Appeasement 1756:Martial law 1595:War economy 1534:Transgender 1487:Recruitment 1247:Containment 1132:Culminating 1040:Operational 960:Envelopment 903:Air assault 784:Air cavalry 744:Air defence 724:Information 625:Cold-region 590:Battlespace 539:Historical: 385:Land units: 311:Space force 306:Coast guard 239:Late modern 200:Prehistoric 14008:Categories 13916:Liberalism 13861:Friendship 13846:Suzerainty 13470:Separatism 13278:On Liberty 13178:The Prince 12907:Huntington 12410:Campanella 12337:al-Ghazali 12286:Thucydides 12244:Lactantius 12189:Statolatry 12015:Monarchism 11995:Liberalism 11920:Capitalism 11903:Ideologies 11884:Plutocracy 11832:Government 11788:Revolution 11773:Propaganda 11723:Legitimacy 11698:Government 11552:Civil wars 11313:Categories 11159:War crimes 11144:Operations 11081:Government 10897:Blitzkrieg 10869:Withdrawal 10720:Underwater 10695:Amphibious 10637:Aerospace 10580:Electronic 10530:Camouflage 10525:Biological 10498:fourth-gen 10493:industrial 10322:Body armor 10310:Camouflage 10291:By country 10136:By country 9947:By country 9932:Artillery: 9846:By country 9763:Combat box 9733:Task force 9701:By country 9684:By country 9638:Field army 9633:Army group 9601:By country 9550:Air units: 9530:Submarines 9411:By country 9238:By country 9154:Technology 8973:19 October 8940:19 October 8839:19 October 8751:. Pimlico. 8734:3 December 8708:3 December 8622:Beyond War 7946:7 February 7914:: 139–65. 7002:6 February 6994:. London. 6093:24 January 6067:24 January 6037:5 December 6012:24 January 5986:24 January 5976:Britannica 5956:24 January 5930:24 January 4895:Kolko 1994 4788:10 January 4718:24 January 4571:3 December 4452:7 December 4419:References 4409:beforehand 4313:, and the 4196:(1871) by 4175:, such as 4134:Liberalism 4096:neorealist 4094:, and the 4041:following 4027:groupthink 3930:, and the 3887:Median age 3822:Malthusian 3772:capitalism 3713:See also: 3640:deterrence 3608:See also: 3556:ideologies 3540:projection 3532:inherently 3501:See also: 3479:war effort 3414:See also: 3361:population 3329:See also: 3319:Royal Navy 2990:propaganda 2748:Lebensraum 2730:Definition 2688:propaganda 2680:biowarfare 2664:subversion 2646:war effort 2578:Insurgency 2558:biological 2544:proxy wars 2453:, and the 2435:Korean War 2413:Mao Zedong 2355:Mesolithic 2317:, meaning 2251:Old French 2208:casualties 2100:War crimes 2090:Operations 1997:Foot drill 1967:Battle cry 1880:deterrence 1539:Harassment 1514:Specialism 1337:Technology 1332:Succession 1277:Liberation 1212:Asymmetric 1147:Empty fort 1058:Blitzkrieg 1027:Withdrawal 990:Investment 769:Camouflage 764:Biological 702:Underwater 677:Amphibious 596:Aerospace 463:Air units: 440:Submarines 249:fourth-gen 244:industrial 232:napoleonic 14034:Conflicts 13952:Diplomacy 13856:Bilateral 13754:Grey-zone 13707:Coalition 13666:1919–1939 13661:1814–1919 13656:1648–1814 13188:Leviathan 13168:Monarchia 13162:(c. 1274) 12997:Oakeshott 12942:Mansfield 12937:Luxemburg 12922:Kropotkin 12817:Bernstein 12770:centuries 12684:Nietzsche 12627:Jefferson 12555:Condorcet 12503:centuries 12482:Pufendorf 12347:Marsilius 12234:Confucius 12219:Aristotle 12212:Antiquity 12140:Noble lie 12060:Third Way 12055:Socialism 11980:Feudalism 11935:Communism 11915:Anarchism 11894:Theocracy 11879:Oligarchy 11859:Democracy 11844:Autocracy 11758:Pluralism 11743:Obedience 11708:Hierarchy 11668:Authority 11572:Terrorism 11532:Conflicts 11180:Templates 11051:Mediation 11031:Alliances 11024:Diplomacy 11000:Offensive 10980:Defensive 10975:Deception 10945:Attrition 10829:Guerrilla 10777:Airbridge 10595:Loitering 10515:Artillery 10453:Diplomacy 10274:Equipment 10228:Torpedoes 10170:Land mine 10126:Anti-tank 9959:Field gun 9937:Artillery 9873:Gun truck 9858:Scout car 9696:Battalion 9589:Structure 9488:Artillery 9406:Logistics 9354:Engineers 9299:Air force 8821:. Massa. 8049:4 October 7771:Iain King 7179:Routledge 6665:154484756 6657:1471-6372 6467:6 January 6289:. p. 53. 5706:144946896 5604:5 October 5544:25 August 5496:24 August 5451:24 August 5407:24 August 5395:. Books. 5368:24 August 5329:24 August 5285:24 August 5242:25 August 5193:18 August 5113:CRC Press 5076:1080-6040 5019:1469-221X 4755:cite news 4676:2045-2322 4536:, p. 67, 4504:"Warfare" 4339:ceasefire 4296:document 4270:society. 4241:Leningrad 4153:in-group 4023:Iain King 3744:and U.S. 3703:oil wells 3548:religions 3463:Ruins of 3196:1917–1922 3181:1862–1877 3170:Tamerlane 3165:1370–1405 3150:1937–1945 3130:1914–1918 3111:1616–1662 3075:1850–1864 3031:1939–1945 2930:billion. 2684:sanctions 2676:espionage 2668:diversion 2622:Total war 2592:computers 2536:espionage 2399:gunpowder 2384:massacres 2314:verwirren 2295:Old Saxon 2225:Etymology 2202:or other 2192:Total war 2181:irregular 1987:War novel 1890:Grey-zone 1850:War games 1811:Overmatch 1761:War crime 1711:Desertion 1701:Ceasefire 1696:Armistice 1583:Logistics 1561:Mercenary 1549:Volunteer 1480:Personnel 1452:Engineers 1397:Sociology 1352:World war 1347:Total war 1327:Strategic 1317:Religious 1302:Political 1297:Perpetual 1272:Irregular 1187:Offensive 1162:Defensive 1157:Deception 1117:Attrition 970:Guerrilla 965:Formation 908:Airbridge 840:Loitering 754:Artillery 407:Artillery 357:Engineers 325:Irregular 296:Air force 14029:Violence 13911:Feminism 13764:Idealism 13759:Hegemony 13712:Military 13697:Alliance 13690:Concepts 13676:Cold War 13558:Glossary 13443:Centrism 13138:Politics 13128:Republic 13097:Voegelin 13077:Spengler 13062:Shariati 13037:Rothbard 12992:Nussbaum 12892:Habermas 12867:Fukuyama 12857:Foucault 12782:Ambedkar 12759:Voltaire 12729:de Staël 12704:Rousseau 12585:Franklin 12560:Constant 12520:Beccaria 12352:Muhammad 12332:Gelasius 12317:Averroes 12291:Xenophon 12271:Polybius 12224:Chanakya 12069:Concepts 12035:Populism 12005:Localism 11990:Islamism 11975:Feminism 11874:Monarchy 11778:Property 11768:Progress 11733:Monopoly 11703:Hegemony 11446:Category 11370:Pacifism 11300:Cold War 11257:Aircraft 11076:Related: 10927:Strategy 10912:Maneuver 10849:Swarming 10678:Mountain 10646:Airborne 10585:Infantry 10540:Chemical 10505:By type: 10433:Strategy 10256:Missiles 10184:Sea/Air: 10153:Infantry 10114:Missiles 9971:Howitzer 9787:Vehicles 9753:Squadron 9748:Flotilla 9743:Division 9679:Regiment 9655:Division 9555:Fighters 9518:Littoral 9508:Warships 9471:Infantry 9453:Branches 9339:Reserves 9324:Commando 9228:Uniforms 9139:Military 9132:Concepts 9121:Military 8991:(2013). 8967:Archived 8934:Archived 8861:Archived 8833:Archived 8788:(1994). 8745:(1994). 8728:Archived 8702:Archived 8655:19 March 8646:Archived 8505:(1935). 8429:Archived 8395:Archived 8366:Archived 8333:Archived 8329:, London 8296:Archived 8261:Archived 8235:Archived 8172:1 August 8166:Archived 8132:(2001). 8126:Ian Dear 8111:1 August 8105:Archived 8080:1 August 8023:1 August 7953:and war. 7852:Archived 7797:Archived 7778:Archived 7754:Archived 7713:: 1–30. 7686:19 March 7680:Archived 7649:38573183 7576:Archived 7558:Archived 7540:Archived 7507:Archived 7466:Archived 7433:Archived 7430:(online) 7414:Archived 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4116:polarity 3938:Cultural 3899:Heinsohn 3746:Generals 3707:Gulf War 3701:Kuwaiti 3693:Economic 3663:collapse 3589:— 3575:Napoleon 3410:Economic 3373:genocide 3358:civilian 3302:Napoleon 3250:— 3247:degrees. 3231:— 2724:war aims 2672:sabotage 2632:, using 2596:networks 2562:chemical 2466:Cold War 2447:Gulf War 2428:Gulf War 2266:Frankish 2200:civilian 2173:violence 2002:War song 1977:War film 1610:Materiel 1529:Children 1509:Training 1447:Medicine 1432:Doctrine 1387:Training 1322:Resource 1307:Princely 1257:Economic 1242:Conquest 1237:Colonial 1232:Cold war 1217:Blockade 1102:Strategy 1074:Maneuver 835:Infantry 791:Chemical 645:Mountain 605:Airborne 468:Fighters 435:Warships 390:Infantry 316:Reserves 264:Military 118:2500 BCE 13931:Realism 13921:Marxism 13784:Liberal 13702:Entente 13648:History 13576:Present 13480:Statism 13393:Elitism 13351:Related 13152:(51 BC) 13082:Strauss 13057:Scruton 13052:Schmitt 13042:Russell 12962:Michels 12957:Maurras 12952:Marcuse 12912:Kautsky 12882:Gramsci 12877:Gentile 12847:Dworkin 12837:Du Bois 12832:Dmowski 12827:Chomsky 12822:Burnham 12807:Benoist 12777:Agamben 12744:Thoreau 12734:Stirner 12724:Spencer 12669:Mazzini 12659:Maistre 12654:Madison 12649:Le Play 12580:Fourier 12545:Carlyle 12525:Bentham 12515:Bastiat 12510:Bakunin 12487:Spinoza 12477:Müntzer 12447:Leibniz 12420:Grotius 12400:Bossuet 12367:Plethon 12312:Aquinas 12281:Sun Tzu 12249:Mencius 12239:Han Fei 12010:Marxism 11970:Fascism 11803:Society 11728:Liberty 11713:Justice 11693:Freedom 11592:Battles 11582:Warfare 11562:Attacks 11457:Commons 11375:Détente 11338:Related 11230:Weapons 11198:Weapons 11164:Writers 11134:Battles 11114:Weapons 10819:Foxhole 10794:Cavalry 10782:Airdrop 10772:Airlift 10754:Tactics 10715:Surface 10605:Nuclear 10590:Lawfare 10535:Cavalry 10520:Barrage 10473:Ancient 10463:By era: 10438:Tactics 10415:Warfare 10096:Bayonet 10079:Grenade 10062:Bazooka 10003:Pistols 9952:Battery 9920:Weapons 9906:Weapons 9794:Ground: 9713:Platoon 9706:By type 9689:By type 9672:By type 9667:Brigade 9565:Command 9560:Bombers 9513:Surface 9481:Cavalry 9376:Medical 9334:Militia 9329:Frogman 9304:Marines 9243:Highest 9194:Officer 9174:Soldier 9149:History 9144:Service 8679:excerpt 8677:(2010) 8669:excerpt 8435:6 March 8404:6 March 8342:6 March 8302:6 March 8270:6 March 7858:9 April 7834:1096131 7641:2706903 7305:Reuters 7201:, 1997. 7181:, 2004. 6333:2440905 6129:《中国人口史》 5765:4340604 5085:2732530 5028:1490304 4881:, From 4685:8159958 4656:Bibcode 4247:'." – 4155:bonding 3796:markets 3764:Marxist 3752:Marxist 3683:Chewong 3665:of the 3644:revenge 3594:at the 3552:nations 3404:million 3300:During 3095:755–763 2787:Effects 2712:Taliban 2638:tactics 2634:weapons 2554:nuclear 2331:History 2249:, from 2188:Warfare 2177:regular 2115:Writers 2110:Weapons 2075:Battles 2024:Related 2012:Wargame 2007:Uniform 1955:Culture 1736:Perfidy 1731:Justice 1652:Science 1637:Outpost 1590:History 1570:Warrior 1566:Soldier 1554:foreign 1492:counter 1392:Service 1342:Theater 1282:Limited 1262:Endemic 1177:Nuclear 950:Foxhole 925:Cavalry 913:Airdrop 898:Airlift 883:Tactics 855:Nuclear 845:Missile 774:Cavalry 759:Barrage 737:Weapons 697:Surface 478:Command 473:Bombers 430:Frogman 400:Cavalry 372:Medical 339:Militia 321:Regular 301:Marines 215:castles 205:Ancient 193:History 172:outline 13893:Theory 13851:Treaty 13739:Crisis 13342:(1992) 13332:(1971) 13322:(1951) 13312:(1945) 13302:(1944) 13292:(1929) 13282:(1859) 13272:(1848) 13252:(1820) 13242:(1791) 13232:(1790) 13222:(1762) 13212:(1748) 13202:(1689) 13192:(1651) 13182:(1532) 13172:(1313) 13102:Walzer 13092:Taylor 13047:Sartre 13012:Popper 13007:Pareto 13002:Ortega 12987:Nozick 12977:Mouffe 12927:Laclau 12887:Guénon 12872:Gandhi 12812:Berlin 12802:Bauman 12797:Badiou 12787:Arendt 12754:Tucker 12644:Le Bon 12605:Herder 12595:Haller 12590:Godwin 12575:Fichte 12570:Engels 12565:Cortés 12535:Bonald 12492:Suárez 12467:Milton 12457:Luther 12430:Hobbes 12415:Filmer 12405:Calvin 12390:Boétie 12383:period 12362:Ockham 12229:Cicero 12030:Nazism 11818:Utopia 11793:Rights 11783:Regime 11753:People 11738:Nation 11449: 11149:Sieges 11086:Nation 11015:Policy 10970:Mosaic 10965:Fabian 10864:Trench 10834:Morale 10799:Charge 10789:Battle 10767:Aerial 10732:Tunnel 10673:Jungle 10668:Desert 10565:Denial 10443:Combat 10428:Battle 10298:Helmet 10244:Aerial 10175:Shells 10165:Other: 10148:Lists: 10143:Mortar 9983:Rocket 9811:Combat 9799:Ground 9723:Naval: 9523:Patrol 9264:Forces 9184:Airman 9179:Sailor 9169:Roles: 9052:about 8959: 8926: 8904:online 8878: 8825: 8586: 8563: 8523:On War 8201: 8140: 7832: 7737: 7672: 7647: 7639: 7596:online 7472:31 May 7458: 7283: 7254: 7066: 7028:935783 7026: 6894: 6875:On War 6804:31 May 6790: 6762:4 July 6719:4 July 6686: 6663: 6655: 6506:31 May 6492: 6340: 6330: 6293: 6221:31 May 6207: 5882: 5772: 5762: 5744:Lancet 5704: 5669:Nature 5530: 5482: 5437: 5375:etc.). 5354: 5315: 5271: 5228: 5119: 5092: 5082: 5074: 5035: 5025: 5017: 4840:31 May 4826: 4745:8 June 4692: 4682: 4674: 4540: 4488:7 July 4333:Pauses 4214:, are 4183:Ethics 3966:is an 3920:Nazism 3891:Africa 3852:famine 3579:Hitler 3519:Dutch 3465:Warsaw 3443:, and 3402: 3354:famine 3317:, the 3306:typhus 3013:Deaths 2977:famine 2946:, and 2928: 2924: 2919: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2718:, 2009 2660:covert 2449:, the 2445:, the 2441:, the 2437:, the 2308:werran 2299:werran 2261:guerre 2258:(also 2237:words 2164:states 2158:is an 2095:Sieges 1779:Theory 1519:Morale 1377:Policy 1372:Branch 1152:Mosaic 1142:Fabian 1089:Covert 1022:Trench 1007:Screen 930:Charge 920:Battle 893:Aerial 811:Denial 779:Horses 707:Seabed 660:Tunnel 640:Jungle 630:Desert 600:Aerial 148:, 1945 142:, 1944 136:, 1916 130:, 1812 124:, 1066 27:, and 13876:Peace 13831:Power 13826:Peace 13583:BRICS 13491:Index 13120:Works 13107:Weber 13072:Spann 13067:Sorel 13032:Röpke 13027:Rawls 12982:Negri 12972:Mosca 12967:Mises 12932:Lenin 12902:Hoppe 12897:Hayek 12862:Fromm 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