2238:, and white women into management, professional, and technical occupations occurred primarily during the 1970s and early 1980s. During this period, contractors grew their shares of these groups more rapidly than non-contractors because of the implementation of affirmative action. But the positive effect of affirmative action vanished entirely in the late 1980s, which Kurtulus says may be due to the slowdown into advanced occupation for women and minorities because of the political shift of affirmative action that started with President Reagan. Becoming a federal contractor increased white women's share of professional occupations by 0.183 percentage points, or 9.3 percent, on average during these three decades, and increased black women's share by 0.052 percentage points (or by 3.9 percent). Becoming a federal contractor also increased Hispanic women's and black men's share of technical occupations on average by 0.058 percent and 0.109 percentage points respectively (or by 7.7 and 4.2 percent). These represent a substantial contribution of affirmative action to overall trends in the occupational advancement of women and minorities over the three decades under the study. A reanalysis of multiple scholarly studies, especially in Asia, considered the impact of four primary factors on support for affirmative action programs for women: gender; political factors; psychological factors; and social structure. Kim and Kim (2014) found that, "Affirmative action both corrects existing unfair treatment and gives women equal opportunity in the future."
2827:, which did not have the same treatment and Tamils learned English instead as there was no medium for Tamil until near independence. Tamils' knowledge of English and education came from the very American missionary activity by overseas Christians that the British were concerned will anger the Sinhalese and destroy their trading relationships, so they sent them to the Tamil areas instead to teach, thinking it would have no consequences and due to their small numbers. The British sending the missionaries to the north and east was for the protection of the Sinhalese and in fact, showed favouritism to the majority group instead of the minorities to maintain trading relationships and benefits from them. The Tamils, out of this random benefit from learning English and basic education excelled and flourished and were able to take many civil service jobs to the chagrin of the Sinhalese. The myth of Divide and Rule is untrue. The 'policy of standardisation' was typical of affirmative action policies, in that it required drastically lower standards for Sinhalese students than for the more academic Tamils who had to get about ten more marks to enter into universities. The policy in fact is an example of discrimination against the Tamil ethnic group.
2947:
proportion of boards led by a woman has increased from 3.4% to 4.3%. This suggests that the law has had a marginal effect on the sex of the chair and the boards remain internally segregated. Although at the beginning of our observation period, only 7 of 91 prominent directors were women. The gender balance among prominent directors has changed considerably throughout the period, and at the end of the period, 107 women and 117 men were prominent directors. By applying more restrictive definitions of prominence, the proportion of directors who are women generally increases. If only considering directors with at least three directorships, 61.4% of them are women. When considering directors with seven or more directorships, all of them are women. Thus, affirmative action increases the female population in the director position.
2185:
Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Neither executive order nor The Civil Rights Act authorized group preferences. The Senate floor manager of the bill, Senator Hubert
Humphrey, declared that the bill “would prohibit preferential treatment for any particular group” adding “I will eat my hat if this leads to racial quotas.” However affirmative action in practice would eventually become synonymous with preferences, goals and quotas as upheld or struck down by Supreme Court decisions even though no law had been passed explicitly permitting discrimination in favor of disadvantaged groups. Some state laws explicitly banned racial preferences, and in response some laws have failed attempting to explicitly legalize race preferences.
2442:(BEE) rose further in South Africa. The BEE was not a moral initiative to redress the wrongs of the past but to promote growth and strategies that aim to realize a country's full potential. The idea was targeting the weakest link in economics, which was inequality and which would help develop the economy. This is evident in the statement by the Department of Trade and Industry, "As such, this strategy stresses a BEE process that is associated with growth, development and enterprise development, and not merely the redistribution of existing wealth". Similarities between the BEE and affirmative action are apparent; however there is a difference. BEE focuses more on employment equality rather than taking wealth away from the skilled white labourers.
2527:
marginalization for coloured and Indian races in South Africa, as well as developing and aiding the middle and elite classes, leaving the lower class behind. This created a bigger gap between the lower and middle class, which led to class struggles and a greater segregation. Entitlement began to arise with the growth of the middle and elite classes, as well as race entitlement. Some assert that affirmative action is discrimination in reverse. Negative consequences of affirmative action, specifically the quota system, drove skilled labour away, resulting in bad economic growth. This is due to very few international companies wanting to invest in South Africa. As a result of the outcomes of affirmative action, the concept is continually evolving.
2596:
culture of the men's club is seductive token women are under the pressure to become "social males" and prove that their competence as directors, meaning that they are not significantly different from men. In the negotiation for status as worthy peers, emphasizing gender signals that a woman is an "imposter", someone who does not rightfully belong in the position she is claiming to fill." And once affirmative action for women is fulfilled, and then affirmative action shares the element, as
Izraeli put it, the "group equality discourse", making it easier for other groups to claim for a fairer distribution of resources. This suggests that affirmative action can have applications for different groups in Israel.
3253:) have passed constitutional amendments banning public institutions, including public schools, from practicing affirmative action within their respective states. In 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court held that "States may choose to prohibit the consideration of racial preferences in governmental decisions". By that time eight states, Oklahoma, New Hampshire, Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, Michigan, Florida, Washington and California, had already banned affirmative action. Numerous critics report that colleges quietly use illegal quotas to discriminate against people of Asian, Jewish, and Caucasian backgrounds and have launched numerous lawsuits to stop them.
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association, and while using public services, although exceptions exist, to wit: "Section 159 of the
Equality Act 2010 allows an employer to treat an applicant or employee with a protected characteristic (eg race, sex or age) more favourably in connection with recruitment or promotion than someone without that characteristic who is as qualified for the role. The employer must reasonably think that people with the protected characteristic suffer a disadvantage or are under-represented in that particular activity. Taking the
2870:; for students admitted in these quotas, the education is partially arranged in Swedish. The purpose of the quotas is to guarantee that a sufficient number of professionals with skills in Swedish are educated for nationwide needs. The quota system has met with criticism from the Finnish speaking majority, some of whom consider the system unfair. In addition to these linguistic quotas, women may get preferential treatment in recruitment for certain public sector jobs if there is a gender imbalance in the field.
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good chance of graduating. However, according to the mismatching hypothesis, affirmative action often places a student into a college that is too difficult, and this increases the student's chance of dropping out of the college or of their desired major. Thus, affirmative action hurts its intended beneficiaries, because it increases their dropout rates. Mismatching has also been cited as a contributing factor in lowered pursuit and completion of STEM degrees among certain populations.
10612:
3365:
population prevent or impair their enjoyment of human rights, the State should take specific action to correct those conditions. Such action may involve granting for a time to the part of the population concerned certain preferential treatment in specific matters as compared with the rest of the population. However, as long as such action is needed to correct discrimination, in fact, it is a case of legitimate differentiation under the
Covenant."
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64:
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individual hardships are also weighed. This policy made the four institutions, especially the echelons at the most selective departments, more diverse than they otherwise would have been. The rise in geographic, economic and demographic diversity of a student population suggests that the plan's focus on structural determinants of disadvantage yields broad diversity dividends.
2894:), the driving license and rank plan was cancelled. After the Sarkozy election, a new attempt in favour of Arab-French students was made, but Sarkozy did not gain enough political support to change the French constitution. However, some French schools do implement affirmative action in that they are obligated to take a certain number of students from impoverished families.
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action has sought to achieve a range of goals: bridging inequalities in employment and pay; increasing access to education; enriching state, institutional, and professional leadership with the full spectrum of society; redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances, in particular addressing the apparent social imbalance left in the wake of slavery and slave laws.
2729:) The mean income for Malays, Chinese and Indians in 1957/58 were 134, 288 and 228 respectively. In 1967/68 it was 154, 329 and 245, and in 1970 it was 170, 390 and 300. Mean income disparity ratio for Chinese/Malays rose from 2.1 in 1957/58 to 2.3 in 1970, whereas for Indians/Malays the disparity ratio also rose from 1.7 to 1.8 in the same period.
2882:. Since the 1980s, a French version of affirmative action based on neighborhood is in place for primary and secondary education. Some schools, in neighborhoods labeled "Priority Education Zones", are granted more funds than the others. Students from these schools also benefit from special policies in certain institutions (such as
3241:, 539 US 244 – Supreme Court 2003) permitted educational institutions to consider race as a factor when admitting students. Alternatively, some colleges use financial criteria to attract racial groups that have typically been under-represented and typically have lower living conditions. Some states such as California (
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implementation of employment equity to redress the effects of discrimination, to achieve a diverse workforce broadly representative of our people, to promote economic development and efficiency in the workforce and to give effects to the obligations of the
Republic as a member of the International Labour Organisation.
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in state and university service as of 2007, typically using the phrase "We try to increase diversity in this line of work". In recent years, there has been a long public debate about whether to issue programs that would grant women a privileged access to jobs in order to fight discrimination. Germany's
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compensation for past discrimination, correction of current discrimination, and the diversification of society. It is often implemented in governmental and educational settings to ensure that designated groups within a society can participate in all promotional, educational, and training opportunities.
3014:
The
Constitution of the Republic of Serbia from 2006 established the principles of equality and the prohibition of discrimination on any grounds. It also allows affirmative action as "special measures" for certain marginalized groups, such as national minorities, by specifically excluding it from the
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Greenlanders have special advantages when applying for university, college or vocation university degrees in
Denmark. With these specific rules, Greenlanders can get into degrees without the required grade averages by fulfilling certain criteria. They need to have a grade average of over 6,0 and have
2409:
scorecard: in a relatively complex scoring system, which allows for some flexibility in the manner in which each company meets its legal commitments, each company is required to meet minimum requirements in terms of representation by previously disadvantaged groups. The matters covered include equity
2070:
in various countries' laws and policies) refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to benefit marginalized groups. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has been justified by the idea that it may help with bridging inequalities in
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and Albert H. Yoon confirmed Sander's mismatch findings, but also found that eliminating affirmative action would "lead to a 63 percent decline in black matriculants at all law schools and a 90 percent decline at elite law schools". These high numbers predictions were doubted in a review of previous
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Critics of affirmative action suggest that programs may benefit the members of the targeted group that least need the benefit, that is those who have the greatest social, economic and educational advantages within the targeted group. Other beneficiaries may be described as wholly unqualified for the
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and section 19(2) of the New
Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. Affirmative action in New Zealand is most often done indirecttly by encouraging those in groups favored by affirmative action to get jobs in sectors they are underrepresented in. Diversity Awards NZ is an organization in New Zealand whose
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Seierstad & Opsahl in their study of the effects of affirmative action on presence, prominence, and social capital of women directors in Norway found that there are few boards chaired by a woman, from the beginning of the implementation of the affirmative action policy period to August 2009, the
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provides for equal rights of all people regardless of sex, race or social background. There are programs stating that if men and women have equal qualifications, women have to be preferred for a job; moreover, the disabled should be preferred to non-disabled people. This is typical for all positions
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Pre-Democracy, the apartheid governments discriminated against non-white races, so with affirmative action, the country started to redress past discriminations. Affirmative action also focused on combating structural racism and racial inequality, hoping to maximize diversity in all levels of society
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The variation in skills and productivity between groups of people ultimately caused disparities in employment, occupation and income within labour markets, which provided advantages to certain groups and characteristics of people. This in due course was the motivation to introduce affirmative action
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states that "the principle of equality sometimes requires States parties to take affirmative action in order to diminish or eliminate conditions which cause or help to perpetuate discrimination prohibited by the
Covenant. For example, in a State where the general conditions of a certain part of the
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descent are often afforded improved access to university courses, or have scholarships earmarked specifically for them. Such access to
University courses have in the past faced criticism, particularly at the University of Auckland due to a phenomenon known as Mismatch theory, accusations of setting
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established the principles of equality and their implementation in the UK. In the UK, any discrimination, quotas or favouritism due to sex, race and ethnicity among other "protected characteristics" is illegal by default in education, employment, during commercial transactions, in a private club or
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Additionally, following the Norwegian example, after 27 January 2014, women must represent at least 20% of board members in all stock exchange listed or state-owned companies. After 27 January 2017, the proportion will increase to 40%. All appointments of men as directors will be invalid as long as
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Mismatching is the term given to the supposed negative effect that affirmative action has when it places a student into a college that is too difficult for them. For example, in the absence of affirmative action, a student will be admitted to a college that matches their academic ability and has a
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A 2017 study of temporary federal affirmative action regulation in the United States estimated that the regulation "increases the black share of employees over time: in 5 years after an establishment is first regulated, the black share of employees increases by an average of 0.8 percentage points.
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on 6 March 1961 and required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment, without
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status, without regard to their performance, is illegal. However, the law in the United Kingdom does allow for membership in a protected and disadvantaged group to be considered in hiring and promotion when the group is under-represented in a given area and if the candidates are of equal merit (in
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announced in 2002 that Taiwanese Aboriginal students would have their high-school or undergraduate entrance exams boosted by 33% for demonstrating some knowledge of their tribal language and culture. The percentage of boost have been revised several times, and the latest percentage is 35% in 2013.
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during the early to mid-2000s. In evaluating the eligibility of applicants, neither their financial status nor their national or ethnic origins are considered. The emphasis, rather, is on structural disadvantages, especially neighborhood socioeconomic status and high school rigor, although several
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Commission approved a plan for women to constitute 40% of non-executive board directorships in large listed companies in Europe by 2020. Directive (EU) 2022/2381 requires that EU member states adopt by 28 December 2024 laws to ensure that by 30 June 2026 members of the underrepresented sex hold at
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which required government employers to "hire without regard to race, religion and national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin." The Civil
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stipulates (in Article 2.2) that affirmative action programs may be required of countries that ratified the convention, in order to rectify systematic discrimination. It states, however, that such programs "shall in no case entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for
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states that the equality provisions do "not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or
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universities was introduced as an affirmative action program for students from areas which had lower rates of education than other areas due to missionary activity in the north and east, which essentially were the Tamil areas. Successive governments cultivated a historical myth after the colonial
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In her study of gender politics in Israel, Dafna Izraeli showed that the paradox of affirmative action for women directors is that the legitimation for legislating their inclusion on boards also resulted in the exclusion of women's interested as a legitimate issue on the boards' agendas. "The new
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The principle of affirmative action is to promote societal equality through the preferential treatment of socioeconomically disadvantaged people. Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative
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ruled that, while attempting to create a diverse force, the Cheshire Police had discriminated against a "well prepared" white heterosexual male. The ruling stated that "while positive action can be used to boost diversity, it should only be applied to distinguish between candidates who were all
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Another criticism of affirmative action is that it may reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perform at their best. Beneficiaries of affirmative action may conclude that it is unnecessary to work as hard, and those who do not benefit may perceive hard work as futile.
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Some Brazilian universities (state and federal) have created systems of preferred admissions (quotas) for racial minorities (blacks and Amerindians), the poor and people with disabilities. There are also quotas of up to 20% of vacancies reserved for people with disabilities in the civil public
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Affirmative action is intended to alleviate under-representation and to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the majority population. The philosophical basis of the policy has various rationales, including but not limited to
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Elsewhere in the USSR, the late 1930s and the outbreak of World War II also saw some significant changes: elements of korenizatsiya were phased out... the Russians were officially anointed as the 'elder brothers' of the Soviet family of nations, whilst among historians Tsarist imperialism was
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Critics of affirmative action offer a variety of arguments as to why it is counterproductive or should be discontinued. For example, critics may argue that affirmative action hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages
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Affirmative action was introduced through the Employment Equality Act, 55 in 1998, 4 years after the end of apartheid. This act was passed to promote the constitutional right of equality and exercise true democracy. This idea was to eliminate unfair discrimination in employment, to ensure the
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were more split. Men are only slightly more likely to support affirmative action for women, though a majority of both do. However, a slight majority of Americans do believe that affirmative action goes beyond ensuring access and goes into the realm of preferential treatment. More recently, a
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Some argue that affirmative action policies create an opportunity for fraud, by encouraging non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups (that is, members of groups that benefit from affirmative action) in order to take advantage of group preference policies.
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As with all policies, there have also been negative outcomes. A quota system was implemented, which aimed to achieve targets of diversity in a workforce. This target affected the hiring and level of skills in the workforce, ultimately impacting the free market. Affirmative action created
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applied affirmative action to ethnic minorities. Quotas for access to university education, offices in the Soviet system and the Communist Party existed: for example, the position of First Secretary of a Soviet Republic's (or Autonomous Republic's) Party Committee was always filled by a
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and Michael Lovenheim. Their 2016 article found a strong indication that affirmative action results in a mismatch effect. They argued that the attendance by some African-American students to less-selective schools would significantly improve the low first attempt rate at passing the
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in the Canadian north, aboriginal people are given preference for jobs and education and are considered to have P1 status. Non-aboriginal people who were born in the NWT or have resided half of their life there are considered a P2, as well as women and people with disabilities.
2152:, that it tends to benefit the most privileged within minority groups at the expense of the least fortunate within majority groups, or that—when applied to universities—it can hinder minority students by placing them in courses for which they have not been adequately prepared.
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Israeli citizens who are women, Arabs, Blacks or people with disabilities are supported by affirmative action in the civil service employment. Also Israeli citizens who are Arabs, Blacks or people with disabilities are entitled to full university scholarships by the state.
2272:, the Supreme Court has ruled that "affirmative action" ethnic quotas in universities are discrimination and hence unlawful. It said that the requirements for the intake should be the same for all. The justice minister said that the decision left no room for uncertainty.
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Several different studies investigated the effect of affirmative action on women. Kurtulus (2012) in her review of affirmative action and the occupational advancement of minorities and women during 1973–2003 showed that the effect of affirmative action on advancing black,
2692:, who together form a majority of the population. However, the indigenous people of Malaysia (Orang Asli) do not have the same special rights of the rest of the Bumiputera as granted under Article 153, as the Orang Asli are not referenced within the article 153 itself.
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poll found 73% of Americans believe race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions. A few years later in 2022, a Pew Research Center poll found that 74% of Americans believe race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions.
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the kids up to fail have been made due to a lack of transparency as to the preferred groups graduation rates and the university informing the students of such historical statistics dating back to the 1970s. Affirmative action is provided for under section 73 of the
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Some critics of affirmative action argue that affirmative action devalues the actual accomplishments of people who are chosen based on the social group to which they belong rather than their qualifications, thus rendering affirmative action counterproductive.
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The French Ministry of Defence tried in 1990 to make it easier for young French soldiers of North-African descent to be promoted in rank and obtain driving licenses. After a strong protest by a young French lieutenant in the Ministry of Defence newspaper
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Strikingly, the black share continues to grow at a similar pace even after an establishment is deregulated. argue that this persistence is driven in part by affirmative action inducing employers to improve their methods for screening potential hires."
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A 2011 study proposed that mismatch can only occur when a selective school possesses private information that, had this information been disclosed, would have changed the student's choice of school. The study found that this is in fact the case for
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which amended Executive Order 11246 on 13 October 1967, by adding "sex" to the list of protected categories. In the U.S. affirmative action's original purpose was to pressure institutions into compliance with the nondiscrimination mandate of the
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The historical/common argument is that the Malays have lower incomes than the Chinese and Indians, who have traditionally been involved in businesses and industries, who were also general migrant workers. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country, with
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Act aim to promote and achieve equality in the workplace (in South Africa termed "equity"), by advancing people from designated groups. The designated groups who are to be advanced include all people of colour, women (including white women) and
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concluded that there were 7.9% fewer black attorneys than there would have been if there had been no affirmative action. The article also states that because of mismatching, blacks are more likely to drop out of law school and fail bar exams.
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There is affirmative action in education for minority nationalities in China, this may equate to lowering minimum requirements for the National University Entrance Examination, which is a mandatory exam for all students to enter university.
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by the ruling class of a culture, and to address existing discrimination. More recently concepts have moved beyond discrimination to include diversity, equity and inclusion as motives for preferring historically underrepresented groups.
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The main goal of affirmative action is for the country to reach its full potential. This would result in a completely diverse workforce in economic and social sectors, thus broadening the economic base and stimulating economic growth.
2370:-led government chose to implement affirmative action legislation to correct previous imbalances (a policy known as employment equity). As such, all employers were compelled by law to employ previously disenfranchised groups (blacks,
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released a poll showing that 67% of Americans supported affirmative action programs aimed at increasing female representation, compared to 58% who supported such programs aimed at increasing the representation of racial minorities.
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poll found that 63% of Americans thought affirmative action programs aimed at increasing minority representation on college campuses were "a good thing", compared to 30% who thought they were "a bad thing". The following year,
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These laws cause disproportionally high costs for small companies and reduce economic growth and employment. The laws may give the black middle-class some advantage but can make the worse-off blacks even poorer. Moreover, the
2646:, many Papuan students chose to abandon their scholarship and return to their respective provinces. The program has been subject to criticism, with complaints made towards a lack of sufficient quotas and alleged corruption.
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A 2016 study found no effect of the ASA representation requirement on either valuation or profits of the affected companies, and also no correlation between the requirement and the restructuring of companies away from ASA.
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least 40% of non-executive director positions and at least 33% of all director positions, including both executive and non-executive directors, for listed companies. Directive (EU) 2022/2381 expires on 31 December 2038.
3168:. Less than one-third of Canadian Universities offer alternative admission requirements for students of aboriginal descent. Some provinces and territories also have affirmative action-type policies. For example, in the
2398:(including white people). Employment Equity legislation requires companies employing more than 50 people to design and implement plans to improve the representativity of workforce demographics, and report them to the
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Many embraced the act; however some concluded that the act contradicted itself. The act eliminates unfair discrimination in certain sectors of the national labour market by imposing similar constraints on another.
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Gururaj, Suchitra; Somers, Patricia; Fry, Jessica; Watson, Del; Cicero, Francesca; Morosini, Marilia; Zamora, Jennifer (January 2021). "Affirmative action policy: Inclusion, exclusion, and the global public good".
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for group outcomes and representation for groups, which are socio-economically disadvantaged or have faced historical discrimination or oppression. Opponents of affirmative action have argued that it is a form of
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The policies of Employment Equity and, particularly, Black Economic empowerment have been criticised both by those who view them as discriminatory against white people, and by those who view them as ineffectual.
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In such countries, the focus tends to be on ensuring equal opportunity and, for example, targeted advertising campaigns to encourage ethnic minority candidates to join the police force. This is sometimes called
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In some countries that have laws on racial equality, affirmative action is rendered illegal because it does not treat all races equally. This approach of equal treatment is sometimes described as being
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8415:
Heriot, Gail L.; Somin, Alison (28 November 2011). "Affirmative Action for Men?: Strange Silences and Strange Bedfellows in the Public Debate Over Discrimination Against Women in College Admissions".
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opportunity made available through affirmative action. They may argue that at the same time the people who lose the most to affirmative action are the least fortunate members of non-preferred groups.
3228:. The Civil Rights Acts do not cover discrimination based on veteran status, disabilities, or age that is 40 years and older. These groups may be protected from discrimination under different laws.
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Once applied within the country, many different outcomes arose, some positive and some negative. This depended on the approach to and the view of The Employment Equality Act and affirmative action.
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The nature of affirmative-action policies varies from region to region and exists on a spectrum from a hard quota to merely targeting encouragement for increased participation. Some countries use a
2715:(NEP) has been dubbed a failure as of recent years, as evidence has pointed to the ever-growing wealth disparity among Malays, that have widened the gap between the rich and poor Malays, while the
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2351:, creating and extending the "colour bar" in South African labour. Then the whites successfully persuaded the government to enact laws that highly restricted the blacks employment opportunities.
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Martin Klesmann (23 February 2009). "'Kinder aus Neukölln würden sich nicht integrieren lassen' – Ein Politiker und ein Schulleiter streiten über Sozialquoten an Gymnasien". Berliner Zeitung
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found that 12% of surveyed Indian households had received academic scholarships, with 94% being on account of SC/ST/OBC membership, 2% based on financial weakness and 0.7% based on merit.
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994:
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Seierstad, Cathrine; Opsahl, Tore (March 2011). "For the few not the many? The effects of affirmative action on presence, prominence, and social capital of women directors in Norway".
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ownership, representation at employee and management level (up to the board of director level), procurement from black-owned businesses and social investment programs, amongst others.
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Since the 1960s the apartheid laws had been weakened. Consequently, from 1975 to 1990 the real wages of black manufacturing workers rose by 50%, while those of the whites rose by 1%.
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4735:"Directive (EU) 2022/2381 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 November 2022 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures"
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South African jurist Martin van Staden argues that the way affirmative action and transformation policies have been implemented in South Africa has eroded state institutions, grown
6649:
3847:
3397:
Quinnipiac poll from June 2009 finds that 55% of Americans feel that affirmative action, in general, should be discontinued, though 55% support it for people with disabilities. A
2105:, affirmative action by executive order originally meant selection without regard to race but preferential treatment was widely used in college admissions, as upheld in the 2003
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3466:, that any effort to cure discrimination through affirmative action is wrong because it, in turn, is another form of discrimination. Some critics claim that court cases such as
2335:-owned companies. The aforementioned policies achieved the desired results, but in the process, they marginalised and excluded black people. Skilled jobs were also reserved for
3401:
poll from 2005 showed that 72% of black Americans and 44% of white Americans supported racial affirmative action (with 21% and 49% opposing), with support and opposition among
6633:
4585:
Twale, Darla J.; Douvanis, Costas J.; Sekula, Francis J. (September 1992). "Affirmative action strategies and professional schools: case illustrations of examplary programs".
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7013:
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2622:, up to 50% of all government-run higher education admissions and government job vacancies may be reserved for members of the SC/ST/OBC-NCL categories, and 10% for those in
3472:, which held that colleges have some discretion to consider race when making admissions decisions, demonstrate how discrimination occurs in the name of affirmative action.
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to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin". In 1965, President
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requires employers in federally-regulated industries to give preferential treatment to four designated groups: Women, persons with disabilities, aboriginal peoples, and
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or NEP is a form of ethnicity-based affirmative action. Malaysia provides affirmative action to those that are deemed "Bumiputera", which includes the Malay population,
3256:
On June 29, 2023, the Supreme Court ruled 6–2 that the use of race in college admissions is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment in
7624:
Sher, George, "Preferential Hiring", in Tom Regan (ed.), Just Business: New Introductory Essays in Business Ethics, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1983, p. 40.
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falling between those of black people and white people. Support among black people, unlike among white people, had almost no correlation with political affiliation.
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The individuals or groups in question need (or may reasonably be supposed to need) assistance in order to achieve an equal place with other members of the community.
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A 2004 legislation requires that, for a firm with 100 employees or more wishing to compete for government contracts, at least 1 percent of its employees must be
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6003:
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Franchi, V. (2003). "The racialization of affirmative action in organizational discourses: A case study of symbolic racism in post-apartheid South Africa".
2866:
In certain university education programs, including legal and medical education, there are quotas for persons who reach a certain standard of skills in the
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2094:, reserving a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies for members of a certain group; an example of this is the
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individuals to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within
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and Richard Brooks from Yale who argue that eliminating affirmative action would actually reduce the number of black lawyers by 12.7%. A 2008 study by
3006:
Russia retains this system partially. Quotas are abolished, but preferences for some ethnic minorities and inhabitants of certain territories remain.
2819:
in fact benefitted from trade and plantation cultivations over the rest of the other groups and their language and culture as well as the religion of
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10496:
9879:
3103:
1906:
1269:
8658:
8231:
Condit, Deirdre M.; Condit, Celeste M.; Achter, Paul J. (Spring 2001). "Human equality, affirmative action, and genetic models of human variation".
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2101:
In some other jurisdictions where quotas are not used, minority-group members are given preference or special consideration in selection processes.
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3449:
3027:
declared in October 2005 that affirmative action i.e. "providing advantages for people of an ethnic or racial minority group" as being against its
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698:
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3015:
legal definition of discrimination. In Serbia the Roma national minority is enabled to enroll in public schools under more favorable conditions.
7501:
5697:
9237:
611:
4885:
2921:. According to Stefan Zillich, quotas should be "a possibility" to help working class children who did not do well in school gain access to a
6205:
Susanne Vieth-Entus (29. December 2008): "Sozialquote: Berliner Gymnasien sollen mehr Schüler aus armen Familien aufnehmen". Der Tagesspiegel
3622:
2907:
2659:
8538:
Thurber, Timothy M. "Racial Liberalism, Affirmative Action, and the Troubled History of the President's Committee on Government Contracts."
7486:
2618:(OBC), defined primarily by their caste. Members of these categories comprise about two-thirds of the population of India. According to the
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8041:
6730:
5310:
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4399:
3595:
2982:, which functioned until the 1930s as part of the international egalitarian and affirmative action movements. Quota systems existed in the
1274:
4219:
4073:
Gallagher, Charles A. (2003). "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America".
9854:
9458:
8995:
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survey found 65% of American voters opposed the application of affirmative action to homosexuals, with 27% indicating they supported it.
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and sectors. Achieving this would elevate the status of the perpetual underclass and to restore equal access to the benefits of society.
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840:
361:
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6957:
5573:
4778:
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Morgenroth, Thekla; Ryan, Michelle K. (March 2018). "Quotas and affirmative action: U nderstanding group-based outcomes and attitudes".
3219:, but continued to use the same terminology that did not require or permit group preferences. Affirmative action was extended to sex by
11483:
11461:
9142:
8215:
6317:
Eckbo, B. Espen; Nygaard, Knut; Thorburn, Karin S. (18 August 2021). "Valuation effects of Norway's board gender-quota law revisited".
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of the quotas the university reserves for minorities. The Supreme Court unanimously approved their constitutionality on 26 April 2012.
516:
8219:
7672:"Choice and Fraud in Racial Identification: The Dilemma of Policing Race in Affirmative Action, the Census, and a Color-Blind Society"
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5268:
4484:
12387:
8298:
7431:"U.S. Voters Disagree 3-1 With Sotomayor On Key Case, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Most Say Abolish Affirmative Action"
7202:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as of 1 July 2013), Public Act 19 Freedom from discrimination – New Zealand Legislation"
5857:
2422:
has ruled that in principle blacks may be favored, but in practice this should not lead to unfair discrimination against the others.
8460:
Parashar, Sakshi. "Affirmative Action and Social Discrimination: A Functional Comparative Study of India, USA and South Africa." in
6641:
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These egalitarian and affirmative action movements—in other words, early "communism"—receive short shrift in most Western studies...
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12231:
11793:
10908:
9077:
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8708:
8271:(Princeton UP, 2009), scholarly history argues that Congress and the courts followed the lead of programs created by corporations.
8108:
Bernstein, David E. (2022) Classified: The untold story of racial classification in America. Bombardier Books, NY. ISBN 1637581734.
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in the hiring process, with the concept later expanded to address gender discrimination. Affirmative action was first created from
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A Leger poll taken in 2010 found 59% of Canadians opposed considering race, gender, or ethnicity when hiring for government jobs.
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7875:
5984:
4612:
Rothman, Stanley; Lipset, S. M.; Nevitte, Neil (December 2002). "Diversity and affirmative action: The state of campus opinion".
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For the purpose of assisting individuals or groups with a characteristic pertaining to a prohibited ground of discrimination; and
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A class-based affirmative action policy was incorporated into the admission practices of the four most selective universities in
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must be a proportionate means of enabling or encouraging people to overcome the disadvantage or to take part in the activity.")
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The stated justification for affirmative action by its proponents is to help compensate for past discrimination, persecution or
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2128:, wherein equal opportunity is promoted by encouraging underrepresented groups into a field. This is often described as being "
2007:
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6539:"Tsarist continuities in Soviet nationalities policy: A case of Korean territorial autonomy in the Soviet Far East, 1923–1937"
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in the United States, 1863–1877. Current policy was introduced in the early 1960s in the United States, as a way to combat
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boards, either gender should be represented by at least 40%. This affects roughly 400 companies of over 300,000 in total.
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3095:, in order to reduce any possible bias towards Protestants. This was later referred to as the '50:50' measure. (See also
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830:
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271:
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7997:
7601:"The Myth of Reverse Racism: The idea of white victimhood is increasingly central to the debate over affirmative action"
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9874:
9348:
8310:"Essence coloniale d'une politique contemporaine: pour une approche fanonienne de la discrimination positive en France"
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7180:"Human Rights Act 1993 No 82 (as of 1 July 2013), Public Act 73 Measures to ensure equality – New Zealand Legislation"
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6731:"What "positive action" is permitted under discrimination legislation? | FAQs | Tools | XpertHR.co.uk"
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202:
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5987:[Aboriginal Students Enrollment Guarantee and Public Funding for Aboriginal Study Abroad Act] (in Chinese).
5405:
Izraeli, Dafna (March–April 2003). "Gender Politics in Israel: The Case of Affirmative Action for Women Directors".
4660:
Fidan Ana Kurtulus, "Affirmative Action and the Occupational Advancement of Minorities and Women During 1973–2003",
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10259:
10096:
9996:
9453:
9343:
6789:
6114:"Esencia colonial de una política contemporánea: Por un enfoque fanoniano de la discriminación positiva en Francia"
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286:
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5269:"Affirmative Action Act, 2024 (Gender Equity ) Passed by Parliament | Newsroom - Ministry of Information, Ghana"
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selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy.
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has been shown to benefit the existing rich Malays instead of achieving its intention of helping poor Malays.
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Boxill, Bernard; Boxill, Jan (2005), "Affirmative action", in Frey, R.G.; Heath Wellman, Christopher (eds.),
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1938:
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Constructing affirmative action: federal contract compliance and the building construction trades, 1956–1973
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10686:
9807:
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8731:
8701:
8641:
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Arcidiacono, Peter; Lovenheim, Michael (1 March 2016). "Affirmative Action and the Quality–Fit Trade-off".
6902:. Clinton Administration's Affirmative Action Review: Report to the President. 19 July 1995. Archived from
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81:
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Christophe Jaffrelot, India's Silent Revolution: The rise of lower castes in northern India, p. 321. 2003
5336:
Alon, Sigal (2011). "The Diversity Dividends of a Need-blind and Color-blind Affirmative Action Policy".
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3204:
regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin" but did not require or permit group preferences.
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1849:
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17:
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The next twenty-five years: affirmative action in higher education in the United States and South Africa
7553:"More Americans Disapprove Than Approve of Colleges Considering Race, Ethnicity in Admissions Decisions"
6672:
6557:"Представители коренных малочисленных народов Севера имеют право получить бесплатную юридическую помощь"
5120:"Affirmative action and state capacity in a democratic South Africa. Policy: issues & actors, 20(4)"
4050:
Racism Without Racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States
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powers had left that the British had practised communal favouritism towards Christians and the minority
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11734:
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10878:
10786:
10548:
9333:
9015:
8746:
8659:
An interview with Professor Randall Kennedy about the presidency of Barack Obama and affirmative action
8118:, Blackwell Companions to Philosophy, Oxford, UK Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, pp.
4251:
Sowell, Thomas (2004). Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study, Yale University Press,
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3585:
3544:, but they cautioned that such improvements could be outweighed by decreases in law school attendance.
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3133:
2531:
2439:
2406:
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1958:
715:
381:
96:
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When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America
7567:"As courts weigh affirmative action, grades and test scores seen as top factors in college admissions"
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11820:
9901:
9715:
9617:
9502:
9164:
9132:
8802:
8736:
8478:
Pollak, Oliver B. (1983). "Antisemitism, the Harvard Plan, and the roots of reverse discrimination".
8336:"That's Not What We Meant to Do": Reform and Its Unintended Consequences in Twentieth-Century America
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2662:, called ADik to the native Papuans and students from perhipery regions close to Indonesian border.
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8334:
Gillon, Steven M. "The strange career of affirmative action: the Civil Rights Act of 1964" in his
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Sowell, T. (1990). Preferential policies: An international perspective. William Morrow and Company.
6474:
4889:
4278:"Want to Be a Doctor? A Scientist? An Engineer? An Affirmative Action Leg Up May Hurt Your Chances"
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lived a certain number of years in Greenland. These rules have been in force since 1 January 2014.
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Affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases, and has been questioned upon its
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Schrand, Thomas G. (2002). "Socialism in One Gender: Masculine Values in the Stalin Revolution".
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3552:, and that this information predicts the student's academic performance after beginning college.
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47:
9512:
6958:"Executive Order 10925 – Establishing The President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity"
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4407:
3235:
legitimacy. In 2003, a Supreme Court decision regarding affirmative action in higher education (
2339:, and black people were largely used as unskilled labour, enforced by legislation including the
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8113:
7014:"Executive Order 11246 and Affirmative Action « Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement"
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145:
135:
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A 2016 study on affirmative action in India finds no evidence for the mismatching hypothesis.
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7998:"Does Affirmative Action Work? Caste, Gender, College Quality, and Academic Success in India"
7769:
Hill, Andrew J. (1 April 2017). "State affirmative action bans and STEM degree completions".
7580:
Cultural Whiplash: Unforeseen Consequences of America's Crusade Against Racial Discrimination
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Arcidiacono, Peter; Aucejo, Esteban M.; Fang, Hanming; Spenner, Kenneth I. (November 2011).
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different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved".
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in education, government civil worker selection, and police & army selection. After the
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Under section 73 of the Human Rights Act 1993, affirmative action would be permissible if:
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Reservation in India is a form of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of
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130:
37:
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8:
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5773:"Mengenal ADik, Beasiswa Kuliah S1 dari Pemerintah RI untuk Generasi Papua dan Daerah 3T"
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have objected, saying that this type of policy would "be a disservice" to poor children.
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making up the majority of close to 58% of the population. About 22% of the population is
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1968:
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1023:
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Stohler, Stephan (January 2021). "Untangling the Partisan Roots of Affirmative Action".
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Red 'Teaspoons of Charity': Zhenotdel, Russian Women, and the Communist Party, 1919–1930
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in 2005, the majority of Americans support affirmative action for women, while views on
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To fulfill these rights: Political struggle over affirmative action and open admissions
8366:"Diversity within racial groups and the constitutionality of race-conscious admissions"
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5600:"Afirmasi Pendidikan Tinggi – Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia"
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Sander's paper on mismatching has been criticized by several law professors, including
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Affirmative Action, Mismatch, and Economic Mobility after California's Proposition 209
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5008:"Manyi vows to get tough over BEE – Mail & Guardian Online: The smart news source"
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explicitly permits affirmative action type legislation, although the Charter does not
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The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939
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5523:"Modi govt announces 10 per cent quota for economically backward in general category"
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1911:
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909:
185:
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Racing for innocence: Whiteness, gender, and the backlash against affirmative action
8404:
Harper, Shannon, and Barbara Reskin. "Affirmative action at school and on the job."
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7031:
5898:
Perumal, M. (1989). "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Malaysia, 1957–1984".
12422:
12211:
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12134:
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9035:
8527:
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8169:
8123:
8009:
7976:
7949:
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7778:
7380:
7058:. Managing Diversity in Public Sector Workforces. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002
6591:(Regulation of the Ministry of Education on enrollment in secondary schools), 2021.
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6384:
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Affirmative action in the United States § Arguments against affirmative action
3424:
2867:
2816:
2705:
2647:
2572:
2212:
Marketing/advertising to groups that the affirmative action is intended to increase
2143:
on the subject is divided. Supporters of affirmative action argue that it promotes
2132:", but some American sociologists have argued that this is insufficient to achieve
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1963:
1948:
1876:
1797:
1767:
1584:
1420:
1120:
678:
673:
511:
401:
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2654:, has expressed that he will direct more effort towards recruiting Papuans to the
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12048:
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11146:
10913:
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10111:
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9735:
9670:
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9060:
8681:
8623:
8302:
8277:
8161:
8149:
6653:
6588:
6499:
6281:
4873:
4734:
4704:
4355:
3699:
3684:
3662:
3590:
3549:
3531:
3402:
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goal is to " celebrate excellence in workplace diversity, equity and inclusion."
3200:
3084:
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3044:
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2568:
2300:
2165:
2125:
1978:
1886:
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1723:
1577:
1562:
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1507:
1214:
1125:
1060:
852:
802:
575:
426:
33:
8548:
Sozialquote: Berliner Gymnasien sollen mehr Schüler aus armen Familien aufnehmen
5917:
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10139:
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9720:
9655:
9179:
9152:
9005:
8717:
8652:
8212:"United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights"
8165:
6038:(in Finnish). Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki. 2011. Archived from
5465:
4679:"Exploring the effect of four factors on affirmative action programs for women"
3778:
3763:
3748:
3694:
3657:
3519:
3456:
3393:
3250:
3040:
2824:
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2140:
1973:
1931:
1901:
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1802:
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1535:
1477:
1472:
1457:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1110:
1045:
553:
526:
371:
55:
8127:
7146:
The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law
6748:
6375:
Stites, Richard (1976). "Zhenotdel: Bolshevism and Russian Women, 1917–1930".
4625:
4446:
4030:
Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
2763:
12560:
12442:
12361:
12346:
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11803:
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10858:
10711:
10696:
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8173:
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6445:
5053:
4454:
4152:
3088:
3076:
2995:
2990:, women and factory workers. Before 1934 ethnic minorities were described as
2971:
2959:
2547:
The Parliament of Ghana passed the Affirmative Action Bill on July 30, 2024.
2076:
1985:
1594:
1530:
1515:
1371:
1336:
1316:
1187:
1130:
1065:
448:
351:
6887:
The Affirmative Action Puzzle: A Living History From Reconstruction to Today
6581:
6388:
6090:
4431:"The Parameters of Affirmative Action: Equity and Excellence in the Academy"
3048:
which case membership in a disadvantaged group can become a "tie-breaker").
2898:
the quota is not met, and monetary penalties may apply for other directors.
2291:", in hopes that it is effective against discrimination without engaging in
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12457:
12437:
12427:
12402:
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11991:
11971:
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9587:
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9211:
9186:
9050:
8990:
8955:
8925:
8665:
Substantive Equality, Positive Action and Roma Rights in the European Union
8653:
Does the success of Barack Obama mean we no longer need affirmative action?
8207:
8145:
7119:"Of course legacy admissions should follow affirmative action to the grave"
6519:
6330:
6004:"Optagelse af grønlandske ansøgere — Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet"
5880:
3731:
3704:
2808:
2336:
1819:
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1520:
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1391:
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969:
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585:
560:
416:
356:
321:
291:
8326:
8309:
8244:
6130:
6113:
5130:
2994:, but in 1934 this term was found inappropriate. In 1920s and early 1930s
2962:
are allocated quotas for access to public schools and state universities.
2878:
No distinctions based on race, religion or sex are allowed under the 1958
2331:
government, as a matter of state policy, favoured white-owned, especially
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12013:
11981:
11441:
11384:
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2535:
1713:
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1209:
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1035:
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296:
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7860:
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4086:
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12107:
12020:
11998:
11966:
11865:
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11830:
11595:
11560:
11522:
11436:
11399:
11331:
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11286:
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11131:
10969:
10949:
10868:
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9065:
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8849:
8491:
7941:
7474:
6556:
5918:"Did the British Divide & Rule Ceylon? | Ilankai Tamil Sangam"
4832:
4760:
4598:
4546:
4462:
4430:
4161:
3948:"Reservation Is About Adequate Representation, Not Poverty Eradication"
2681:
1995:
1990:
1871:
1866:
1762:
1738:
1589:
1482:
1440:
1396:
1204:
1192:
1165:
1155:
1075:
465:
460:
431:
366:
207:
7092:"Supreme Court says states can ban affirmative action; 8 already have"
6498:
Nicolaïdis, Kalypso; Sebe, Berny; Maas, Gabrielle (23 December 2014).
6422:
6033:"Hakuopas 2011. Lääketieteen ja hammaslääketieteen opiskelijavalinnat"
4804:
2160:
The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in "
12487:
12407:
12221:
11906:
11260:
11161:
11121:
11091:
11012:
10848:
10811:
10486:
10434:
10151:
9750:
8875:
6070:(in Finnish). Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki. 2011. p. 3
3527:
3388:
3280:
2979:
2812:
2803:
2725:
2375:
2332:
2328:
1896:
1844:
1547:
1140:
241:
27:
Policy of promoting members of groups that suffer from discrimination
7296:
6538:
6225:"LOV-1997-06-13-45 Lov om allmennaksjeselskaper (allmennaksjeloven)"
5290:"Graduate Student Admission Ordainment – Ministry of Education, PRC"
4717:"The EU's Boardroom Quota Battle Is Over, But Women Cannot Yet Rest"
12321:
11379:
11369:
11301:
11296:
11265:
11111:
11066:
10944:
10939:
10843:
10721:
10451:
10281:
10208:
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9785:
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9650:
9030:
9025:
9020:
8945:
8940:
8885:
8588:
8531:
7996:
Bagde, Surendrakumar; Epple, Dennis; Taylor, Lowell (1 June 2016).
7965:"Does affirmative action lead to mismatch? A new test and evidence"
7842:"A Systemic Analysis of Affirmative Action in American Law Schools"
5960:
Inequality in Education: Comparative and International Perspectives
5165:
5032:
Bergmann, B. (1999). "The continuing need for affirmative action".
4177:
3773:
3726:
3354:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2820:
2247:
2235:
2091:
1861:
1683:
1604:
1249:
1175:
1080:
1040:
396:
391:
386:
311:
306:
251:
8275:
Featherman, David L.; Hall, Martin; Krislov, Marvin, eds. (2010).
8191:
7322:"Supremo decide pro unanimidade pela constiucionalidade das cotas"
4348:
2124:
A variant of affirmative action more common in Europe is known as
2071:
employment and pay, increasing access to education, and promoting
11951:
11901:
11640:
11590:
11374:
11079:
10763:
8950:
8854:
8834:
8807:
8782:
8686:
7981:
7964:
5956:
5395:
Council for Higher Education (in Hebrew). Retrieved 31 March 2023
4982:"Business Report – Home – Motlanthe warns BEE council has failed"
2689:
2083:
and redressing alleged wrongs, harms, or hindrances, also called
316:
212:
192:
165:
140:
63:
8575:
Weiss, Robert J. (1987). "Affirmative Action: A Brief History".
6602:
6355:"Romii – PROGRESE ÎNREGISTRATE ÎN ROMÂNIA ÎN PERIOADA 2007–2008"
5599:
4378:"Today's racial quotas? Senator Humphrey would've eaten his hat"
3462:
Some opponents of affirmative action argue that it is a form of
12075:
11423:
11062:
9911:
8935:
8839:
8817:
8812:
8762:
8070:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–334.
6931:. Society for History in the Federal Government. Archived from
6668:
5311:"Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of Guangdong Province"
4323:. Society for History in the Federal Government. Archived from
3500:
Evidence in support of the mismatching theory was presented by
3150:
legislation that gives preferential treatment. Subsection 2 of
2584:
2269:
2215:
Specific training or emulation actions for identified audiences
1301:
301:
197:
175:
170:
120:
6960:. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Archived from
6926:"President Kennedy's E.O.10925: Seedbed of Affirmative Action"
6787:
6628:
5620:
Debora, Yantina (4 February 2020). Hartanto, Agung Dwi (ed.).
4318:"President Kennedy's E.O.10925: Seedbed of Affirmative Action"
3459:
at the expense of the least fortunate within majority groups.
2218:
Relaxation of selection criteria applied to a target audiences
2139:
In the United States, affirmative action is controversial and
11936:
10636:
9921:
8767:
7502:"Public strongly backs affirmative action programs on campus"
7351:
6543:
Eurasia Studies Society of Great Britain & Europe Journal
5675:"Gercin Minta Kapolri Akomodir OAP Masuk Akpol | Papua Today"
5622:"Seleksi CPNS KKP 2019–2020: Ada Kekhususan Bagi Orang Papua"
4485:"Equal Opportunity & Affirmative Action Policy Statement"
4220:"Reverse Racism, or How the Pot Got to Call the Kettle Black"
2975:
2685:
2361:
1311:
125:
7962:
5858:"Encyclopedia of the Nations, "Malaysia Poverty and Wealth""
4358:, University of California, Irvine (access date 16 May 2015)
4052:(4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 101–102.
4002:
2250:
and affirmative action varies widely from nation to nation.
11976:
11419:
10533:
10362:
8064:"'Affirmative Action is reverse racism': The myth of merit"
5574:"777 Putra Asli Papua Lolos Program Beasiswa ADIK dan ADEM"
2983:
1943:
1772:
8439:
Affirmative action : the law and politics of equality
5649:"OAP calon siswa Bintara Noken di Papua capai 2.407 orang"
3920:
Jenkins, Laura Dudley; Moses, Michele S. (8 August 2017).
3754:
Special measures for gender equality in the United Nations
2209:
Specific scholarships and financial aid for certain groups
10954:
7899:"Attacking the 'Mismatch' Critique of Affirmative Action"
7433:. Quinnipiac University Poll. 3 June 2009. Archived from
5724:"Prabowo Disebut Bakal Perbanyak Prajurit TNI Asal Papua"
5647:
Rumagit, Alfian (25 February 2020). Jauhary, Andi (ed.).
5497:"Govt OKs 10% job quota for economically weaker sections"
3632:, the successor policy which replaced Affirmative Action
2253:
Caste-based and other group-based quotas are used in the
32:"Mismatch" redirects here. For the 2019 Indian film, see
8390:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
8371:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
8089:
The pursuit of fairness: a history of affirmative action
7618:
7528:"Higher Support for Gender Affirmative Action Than Race"
6525:
rehabilitated as having had a 'progressive significance'
6501:
Echoes of Empire: Memory, Identity and Colonial Legacies
5751:"Beasiswa ADik untuk Pelajar Papua dan 3T • INDBeasiswa"
3974:"Flexible learning pathways in Finnish higher education"
2823:
was fostered and made into mediums for schools over the
8512:
Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study
8031:
Diversity, equity, and inclusion § Further reading
7573:
7369:"The Persistent Effect of Temporary Affirmative Action"
6582:
Pravilnik ministarstva prosvete o upisu u srednje škole
3910:. Oxford University Press, March 2023. Web. 6 May 2023.
3097:
Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland
11646:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
8042:"Integration, affirmative action, and strict scrutiny"
7347:
General Comment 18 on Non-discrimination, Paragraph 10
7061:
6836:"Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
6696:
6694:
5963:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 295.
4662:
Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society
4561:"What Is Affirmative Action? How It Works and Example"
4137:
2917:
brought up the discussion about affirmative action in
8675:
Affirmative Action on Campus Does More Harm than Good
8274:
7297:
Por Rodrigo Haidar e Filipe Coutinho (20 July 2009).
6976:
6088:
5698:"Siswa SMA Penerima Beasiswa Memilih Pulang ke Papua"
5549:"Guess how many Indians get merit-based scholarships"
5216:
The Constitution and the Rule of Law: An Introduction
4512:
4510:
4072:
2978:'s secretary and lover, was instrumental in creating
7927:
7450:"Race, Ideology, and Support for Affirmative Action"
6984:"Executive Order 11246—Equal employment opportunity"
6316:
6296:"Studie: Kjønnskvotering ingen effekt på lønnsomhet"
6091:"The French Constitution of 1958 and its Amendments"
4956:"'SAB deal to enrich black elite': Fin24: Companies"
4611:
4522:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 1 April 2009.
8464:(Springer Nature Singapore, 2023) pp. 171–187.
7227:"Is positive discrimination lawful in New Zealand?"
7024:
6691:
5957:Donald B. Holsinger; W. James Jacob (29 May 2009).
5881:"The real issue is intra-Malay economic inequality"
4584:
4009:, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
2626:(EWS), with the remaining unreserved. In 2014, the
2366:Following the transition to democracy in 1994, the
8514:(Yale University Press) analysis by a conservative
8276:
8086:
8068:Benign Bigotry: The Psychology of Subtle Prejudice
7053:Indy fire-fighters sue city, charge bias; also see
6892:
6497:
5950:
5313:. Mzzjw.gd.gov.cn. 15 October 2007. Archived from
4507:
3331:for "resurrecting Nazist ideals", appealed to the
2571:refers a policy in China on affirmative action in
10497:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
8617:"Affirmative Action: History and Analysis" (2003)
6725:
6723:
5162:"Culture, Communication and Media Studies - Home"
4646:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3104:Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 2002
2405:Employment Equity also forms part of a company's
2358:in South Africa, following the end of apartheid.
2168:on 6 March 1961, which included a provision that
1907:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
12558:
7995:
7738:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7069:"Highlights of the 2002–2003 Supreme Court Term"
6788:Richard Kelly and Isobel White (29 April 2009).
6640:. Commission for Racial Equality. Archived from
5090:International Journal of Intercultural Relations
4803:. Sahistory.org.za. 3 April 2011. Archived from
3450:Resistance to diversity efforts in organizations
2927:(University-preparatory school). Headmasters of
10157:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
8667:, Report by Minority Rights Group International
8604:Affirmative action : a documentary history
8558:'We Want Jobs': A History of Affirmative Action
7149:. Princeton University Press. pp. 235–37.
7142:
6572:(Constitution of The Republic of Serbia), 2006.
6267:
6027:
6025:
4984:. Busrep.co.za. 9 February 2010. Archived from
1553:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
9639:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
7896:
6720:
6703:"Is there a case for positive discrimination?"
6065:"Oikeustieteellinen tiedekunta. Hakuopas 2011"
5800:The 'Bumiputera Policy': Dynamics and Dilemmas
4532:
3342:
3327:party, accusing the board of directors of the
3187:The policy of affirmative action dates to the
1029:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
10652:
8702:
7425:
7423:
7393:
7341:
7339:
7319:
7046:
6861:"GNWT – Human Resources – Affirmative Action"
6413:Patterson, Michelle Jane (29 February 2012).
6144:Jean-Pierre Steinhofer, "Beur ou ordinaire",
5356:
5157:A critique of affirmative action: The concept
5034:The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance
4833:Race, law and poverty in the new South Africa
4047:
3623:Religious discrimination in the United States
2811:for the entire 200 years they had controlled
2638:Indonesia has offered affirmative action for
2438:With the introduction of Affirmative Action,
2425:
2032:
8093:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.
7722:
7373:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
6863:. Hr.gov.nt.ca. 3 April 2012. Archived from
6438:Russian Masculinities in History and Culture
6057:
6022:
4342:
3919:
3596:History of civil rights in the United States
3110:to select more women as election candidates.
2200:
9855:List of people killed for being transgender
8545:
8414:
8283:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
6900:"Affirmative Action: History and Rationale"
6158:Eeckhout, Laetitia Van (17 December 2008).
5842:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5819:"Ethnic Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia"
5748:
5393:החלטות ישיבת הוועדה לתכנון ולתקצוב מס'1)100
5335:
4183:
4099:
3971:
3820:"The Equality Act 2010 and positive action"
3512:, in a 24 August 2007 article published in
1245:List of people killed for being transgender
10659:
10645:
8709:
8695:
8500:A History of Affirmative Action, 1619-2000
7757:The Painful Truth About Affirmative Action
7699:
7697:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7420:
7345:United Nations Committee on Human Rights,
7336:
7251:
5879:Ahmad, Nik Nazmi Nik (18 September 2019).
5386:
5212:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
2965:
2766:. Please do not remove this message until
2362:Post-apartheid – the Employment Equity Act
2115:, until 2023, when this was overturned in
2039:
2025:
12388:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
8546:Vieth-Entus, Susanne (29 December 2008).
8325:
7980:
7384:
7299:"DEM entra com ADPF contra cotas raciais"
6663:
6661:
6600:
6412:
6338:
6129:
6089:Jonathan D. Mott, PhD (7 February 1992).
5797:
4948:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4535:Social and Personality Psychology Compass
4293:
4160:
3884:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3854:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3043:, hiring someone simply because of their
2786:Learn how and when to remove this message
2501:Learn how and when to remove this message
12602:Industrial and organizational psychology
12232:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
10909:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
8966:Social determinants of health in poverty
8502:(University Press of Mississippi, 2001)
8462:Comparative Approaches in Law and Policy
8084:
8061:
7729:Does affirmative action hurt minorities?
7089:
7032:"Federal Employment Discrimination Laws"
6833:
6817:"Force discriminated against white male"
6157:
5770:
5117:
5031:
4677:Kim, Sunhee; Kim, Seoyong (March 2014).
2762:Relevant discussion may be found on the
332:Social determinants of health in poverty
12413:Credentialism and educational inflation
8661:Clifford Armion for La Clé des langues.
8517:
8435:
8341:
8206:
7833:
7795:
7694:
7627:
7598:
7525:
7277:
6797:. House of Commons Library. SN/PC/05057
6624:
6622:
6620:
6603:"Slovakia bans positive discrimination"
6435:
6111:
5985:"原住民學生升學保障及原住民公費留學辦法(民國 102 年08月19 日 )"
5897:
5695:
5672:
5646:
5453:
5404:
5140:
5087:
5065:
5063:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4428:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4003:Nicole Richardt; Torrey Shanks (2008),
3945:
3817:
3410:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute
3259:Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard
3183:Affirmative action in the United States
3144:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2118:Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard
14:
12559:
12284:List of countries by unemployment rate
8144:
7873:
7839:
7818:
7642:
7366:
7221:
7219:
6834:Heritage, Canadian (23 October 2017).
6700:
6667:
6658:
6570:Constitution of The Republic of Serbia
6468:
6374:
5816:
5798:Mason, Richard; Omar, Ariffin (2004).
5619:
5213:van Staden, Martin (8 February 2019).
5113:
5111:
5027:
5025:
4851:
4819:
4761:"Uppsala discriminated against Swedes"
4676:
4380:. Family News Network. 20 January 2022
4272:
2391:Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment
2378:). A related, but distinct concept is
2275:
10640:
8690:
8574:
8555:
8314:Culture & History Digital Journal
7499:
7489:from the original on 4 November 2012.
7479:"Canadians against job hiring quotas"
7447:
7278:Plummer, Robert (25 September 2006).
7116:
7071:. Supct.law.cornell.edu. 27 June 2002
6634:"Affirmative action around the world"
6601:Goldirova, Renata (19 October 2005).
6462:
6118:Culture & History Digital Journal
5878:
5771:Nasikhah, Nunung (10 December 2019).
5461:"OBCs form 41% of population: Survey"
5433:"2011 Census Primary Census Abstract"
5266:
4854:"The problem with affirmative action"
4349:A Brief History of Affirmative Action
4247:
4245:
4213:
4211:
4184:Fullinwider, Robert (9 April 2018) .
4100:Fullinwider, Robert (9 April 2018) .
3996:
3922:"Affirmative action around the world"
3362:United Nations Human Rights Committee
2708:comprise about 6% of the population.
2612:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
11177:Practice-based professional learning
10621:
9661:Capital punishment for homosexuality
8971:Social determinants of mental health
7768:
7669:
7473:
7448:Jones, Jeffrey M. (23 August 2005).
7280:"Black Brazil Seeks a Better Future"
7083:
6771:"Police recruitment 'will be 50:50'"
6617:
5186:
5071:"Black economic empowerment. (n.d.)"
5060:
4838:
4406:. Harvard Law School. Archived from
4261:
4217:
3566:Achievement gap in the United States
3318:Vestibular exam § Racial quotas
3119:equally well qualified for a role".
2986:for various social groups including
2736:
2453:
1051:Capital punishment for homosexuality
337:Social determinants of mental health
11730:Workers' right to access the toilet
9781:Genital modification and mutilation
8633:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7897:Jaschik, Scott (3 September 2008).
7646:Affirmative Action Around the World
7526:Riffkin, Rebecca (26 August 2015).
7519:
7216:
6701:Millar, Michael (17 January 2006).
5944:Minority Rights Group International
5407:Women's Studies International Forum
5108:
5022:
4190:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4106:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4021:
3613:Discrimination in the United States
3083:to recruit 50% of numbers from the
2999:representative of this republic's "
1171:Genital modification and mutilation
24:
8716:
8596:
8471:(Stanford University Press, 2012).
8383:Harpalani, Vinay (February 2013).
8364:Harpalani, Vinay (November 2012).
8338:WW Norton, 2000) pp. 120–162.
8158:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
8024:
7747:, by Thomas Sowell, 8 January 2003
7599:Newkirk, Vann R. (5 August 2017).
7204:. Legislation.govt.nz. 1 July 2013
7182:. Legislation.govt.nz. 1 July 2013
6994:from the original on 30 March 2010
6270:Scandinavian Journal of Management
5477:from the original on 17 April 2020
5187:Ryan, Ciaran (16 September 2019).
5180:
5073:. Southafrica.info. Archived from
4888:. Southafrica.info. Archived from
4835:, The Economist, 30 September 1999
4801:"White Workers and the Colour Bar"
4242:
4208:
4196:from the original on 12 March 2022
4112:from the original on 12 March 2022
3984:from the original on 22 April 2024
3243:California Civil Rights Initiative
3081:Police Service of Northern Ireland
25:
12613:
8644:collected news and commentary at
8622:
8610:
6536:
5696:Yunelia, Intan (3 October 2019).
3870:
3840:
3759:Strong-basis-in-evidence standard
3347:
3034:
2660:Ministry of Education and Culture
2347:, the Apprenticeship Act and the
12501:
12500:
11794:Corporate collapses and scandals
10620:
10611:
10610:
10260:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
10097:Law for Protection of the Nation
9997:White genocide conspiracy theory
8619:for secondary and middle schools
8342:Golland, David Hamilton (2008).
7989:
7956:
7921:
7890:
7867:
7812:
7789:
7783:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.01.003
7762:
7750:
7676:Michigan Journal of Race and Law
7663:
7592:
7559:
7545:
7493:
7467:
7441:
7360:
7313:
7290:
7271:
7245:
7194:
7172:
7163:
7136:
7110:
7090:DeSilver, Drew (22 April 2014).
7006:
6950:
6918:
6879:
6853:
6827:
6809:
6781:
6763:
6741:
6594:
6575:
6563:
6549:
6530:
6491:
6429:
6406:
6247:"27.000 flere bedrifter i Norge"
5350:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.05.005
4684:Asian Journal of Women's Studies
3946:Jeenger, Kailash (18 May 2020).
3818:Jarrett, Tim (24 October 2011).
3630:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
3306:
3247:Michigan Civil Rights Initiative
3207:On 24 September 1965, President
3199:, which was signed by President
3176:
3122:
2970:Soon after the 1918 revolution,
2741:
2656:Indonesian National Armed Forces
2458:
2343:, the Job Reservations Act, the
1662:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1493:Law for Protection of the Nation
1387:White genocide conspiracy theory
62:
36:. For the Indian TV series, see
10102:MSM blood donation restrictions
9850:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
8577:Journal of Intergroup Relations
7819:Heriot, Gail (24 August 2007).
7320:Débora Santos (26 April 2012).
6368:
6347:
6310:
6288:
6261:
6239:
6217:
6208:
6199:
6187:. Vie-publique.fr. 25 June 2002
6177:
6151:
6138:
6105:
6082:
6001:
5995:
5977:
5932:
5910:
5891:
5872:
5850:
5810:
5791:
5764:
5742:
5716:
5689:
5666:
5640:
5613:
5592:
5566:
5541:
5515:
5489:
5425:
5398:
5329:
5303:
5282:
5260:
5206:
5081:
5000:
4974:
4926:
4904:
4878:
4860:
4793:
4771:
4753:
4727:
4709:
4670:
4654:
4605:
4578:
4553:
4526:
4477:
4422:
4392:
4370:
4361:
4310:
4218:Fish, Stanley (November 1993).
4131:
4093:
4066:
4048:Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo (2014).
4041:
3510:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
2684:, and the indigenous people of
2467:This section is written like a
2311:
1498:MSM blood donation restrictions
1240:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
12294:Employment-to-population ratio
11666:Occupational health psychology
10666:
10115:(as religious or racial quota)
8436:Hubbard, William Gary (1978).
8216:UN Economic and Social Council
8105:, a standard scholarly history
7930:Journal of Economic Literature
7821:"Affirmative Action Backfires"
7759:, The Atlantic, 2 October 2012
7500:Drake, Bruce (22 April 2014).
7301:(in Portuguese). Conjur.com.br
6630:Commission for Racial Equality
5471:Bennett, Coleman & Company
4628:(inactive 10 September 2024).
4435:Review of Educational Research
3965:
3939:
3913:
3900:
3811:
3491:
3270:
3069:Northern Ireland Peace Process
1511:(as religious or racial quota)
13:
1:
12382:Works Progress Administration
12274:Unemployment Convention, 1919
11686:Personal protective equipment
11234:Occupational Outlook Handbook
10529:Second-generation gender bias
10245:Constitutional colorblindness
8961:Social determinants of health
8385:"Fisher's fishing expedition"
8233:Rhetoric & Public Affairs
8160:. Thousand Oaks, California:
8115:A companion to applied ethics
8062:Anderson, Kristin J. (2010).
7874:Fisman, Ray (29 April 2005).
7771:Economics of Education Review
7324:(in Portuguese). g1.globo.com
7117:Soave, Robby (29 June 2023).
5419:10.1016/S0277-5395(03)00043-8
5102:10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00091-3
5046:10.1016/S1062-9769(99)00027-7
3804:
3469:Fisher v. University of Texas
3386:According to a poll taken by
3063:Specific exemptions include:
2841:Council of Aboriginal Affairs
2717:Malaysian New Economic Policy
2713:Malaysian New Economic Policy
2678:Malaysian New Economic Policy
2628:Indian National Sample Survey
2481:and discuss the issue on the
1939:Second-generation gender bias
1647:Constitutional colorblindness
327:Social determinants of health
12463:Psychopathy in the workplace
11636:Human factors and ergonomics
6282:10.1016/j.scaman.2010.10.002
6249:. nettavisen.no. 27 May 2004
5989:Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)
5940:"Taiwan: Indigenous peoples"
5010:. Mg.co.za. 20 November 2009
4852:Stokes, G. (15 March 2010).
4429:Tierney, William G. (1997).
4017:– via Encyclopedia.com
3571:Affirmative action bake sale
3504:, a professor of law at the
3439:
3142:The equality section of the
3138:Federal Contractors' Program
2941:public stock companies (ASA)
2839:. Ministry of Education and
2732:
2633:
2624:Economically Weaker Sections
2322:
2282:Reserved political positions
2229:Women in government (quotas)
7:
12597:Majority–minority relations
12448:Narcissism in the workplace
11661:Occupational exposure limit
10440:Medical model of disability
10292:Hate speech laws by country
8348:City University of New York
8269:Inventing equal opportunity
8085:Anderson, Terry H. (2004).
7840:Sander, Richard H. (2004).
7709:Southern Poverty Law Center
7408:. Usatoday.Com. 20 May 2005
7098:. The Pew Charitable Trusts
6677:Discrimination: your rights
6469:Martin, Terry Dean (2001).
5749:INDBeasiswa (10 May 2019).
4914:. Mg.co.za. 3 February 2010
4141:Policy Futures in Education
3618:Racism in the United States
3558:
3343:International organizations
3087:community and 50% from the
3018:
2768:conditions to do so are met
2665:
2658:. Education scholarship by
2562:Affirmative action in China
2345:Native Building Workers Act
2136:of outcomes based on race.
2096:reservation system in India
1850:Medical model of disability
1694:Hate speech laws by country
10:
12618:
12377:Civil Works Administration
12259:Technological unemployment
11735:Workplace health promotion
11187:Professional certification
10884:Personality–job fit theory
10549:Social model of disability
9016:Discrimination against men
8406:Annual Review of Sociology
8028:
6298:. e24.no. 2 September 2016
4934:"BEE: A man made disaster"
4691:(1): 30–69. Archived from
3608:Disability rights movement
3586:Civil and political rights
3443:
3368:
3315:
3265:
3180:
3134:Employment equity (Canada)
3131:
2954:
2901:
2861:
2852:
2669:
2603:
2559:
2449:
2440:black economic empowerment
2426:Affirmative action purpose
2407:Black Economic Empowerment
2380:Black Economic Empowerment
2318:Black Economic Empowerment
2315:
2279:
2226:
2155:
1959:Social model of disability
382:Discrimination against men
31:
12496:
12395:
12357:Guaranteed minimum income
12314:
12155:
12029:
11942:Organizational commitment
11894:
11786:
11753:
11616:
11541:
11418:
11340:
11274:
11061:
10983:
10927:
10777:
10674:
10606:
10345:
10222:
10015:
9902:Opposition to immigration
9626:
9266:
9108:
8868:
8818:Race / Ethnicity
8755:
8724:
8556:Weiss, Robert J. (1997).
8540:Journal of Policy History
8128:10.1002/9780470996621.ch9
7796:Bleemer, Zachary (2020).
7649:. Yale University Press.
6673:"Types of discrimination"
5900:Singapore Economic Review
5860:. Nationsencyclopedia.com
5804:Universiti Sains Malaysia
5673:Redaksi (22 March 2019).
4626:10.1007/s12129-002-1045-8
4447:10.3102/00346543067002165
3848:"positive discrimination"
3311:
3127:
3009:
2934:
2873:
2847:
2830:
2578:
2368:African National Congress
2306:
2241:
2201:Methods of implementation
2162:Executive Order No. 10925
1292:Opposition to immigration
176:Race / Ethnicity
12526:Aspects of organizations
12207:Involuntary unemployment
11768:Equal pay for equal work
11691:Repetitive strain injury
11192:Professional development
11182:Professional association
10864:Letter of recommendation
9897:Occupational segregation
9666:Compulsory sterilization
8174:10.4135/9781412965811.n5
8002:American Economic Review
7143:Steven M. Teles (2010).
6475:Cornell University Press
6446:10.1057/9780230501799_11
4664:(2012) 51#2 pp 213–246.
4153:10.1177/1478210320940139
4075:Race, Gender & Class
3906:"positive, adj. and n."
3744:Reasonable accommodation
3381:
3226:Civil Rights Act of 1964
2599:
2555:
2396:people with disabilities
2222:
1287:Occupational segregation
1056:Compulsory sterilization
12511:Aspects of corporations
12473:Slow movement (culture)
12352:Employer of last resort
12254:Structural unemployment
12192:Frictional unemployment
11631:Epilepsy and employment
11518:Performance-related pay
11452:National average salary
11365:996 working hour system
10425:Internalized oppression
10287:Fighting Discrimination
10277:Fat acceptance movement
10235:Anti-discrimination law
9875:Native American mascots
8655:NOW on PBS investigates
8638:, for graduate students
8308:Ghorbal, Karim (2015).
7903:Inside Higher Education
7826:The Wall Street Journal
7643:Sowell, Thomas (2004).
7582:/ Patrick Garry (2006)
7367:Miller, Conrad (2017).
6652:14 October 2016 at the
6389:10.1163/187633176X00107
6112:Ghorbal, Karim (2015).
5338:Social Science Research
5267:admin (8 August 2024).
5189:"A government unhinged"
4958:. Fin24. Archived from
4886:"Employment Equity FAQ"
4192:. Stanford University.
4108:. Stanford University.
3796:Reparations for slavery
3648:Economic discrimination
3576:Anti-discrimination law
3515:The Wall Street Journal
3506:University of San Diego
2966:Soviet Union and Russia
2919:Germany's school system
2706:those of Indian descent
2550:
2164:", signed by President
2064:positive discrimination
2054:(also sometimes called
1835:Internalized oppression
1689:Fighting Discrimination
1679:Fat acceptance movement
1637:Anti-discrimination law
1265:Native American mascots
12521:Aspects of occupations
12327:Unemployment insurance
12279:Unemployment extension
12249:Reserve army of labour
12054:Constructive dismissal
11861:Sleeping while on duty
11826:Exploitation of labour
11708:Sick building syndrome
10879:Person–environment fit
10749:Independent contractor
10544:Social identity threat
10517:Reverse discrimination
10507:Racial color blindness
9987:Violence against women
9967:Sex-selective abortion
8602:Robinson, Jo Ann, ed.
8408:. 31 (2005): 357-379.
8038:Anderson, Elizabeth S.
7969:Quantitative Economics
7670:Yang, Tseming (2006).
7254:"Diversity Awards NZ™"
6331:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4031
5364:"משרד הכלכלה והתעשייה"
4779:"Job Reservations Act"
3464:reverse discrimination
3329:University of Brasília
3155:physical disability".
2800:Standardization policy
2616:Other Backward Classes
2293:reverse discrimination
2170:government contractors
2150:reverse discrimination
1954:Social identity threat
1927:Reverse discrimination
1917:Racial color blindness
1377:Violence against women
1357:Sex-selective abortion
12531:Aspects of workplaces
12269:Unemployment benefits
12264:Types of unemployment
12202:Graduate unemployment
12096:Letter of resignation
11725:Workers' compensation
11718:Occupational fatality
11222:Vocational university
10822:Employment counsellor
10512:Religious intolerance
10472:Political correctness
10302:Intersex human rights
10250:Cultural assimilation
9932:Religious persecution
9696:Disability hate crime
9481:Jewish / Antisemitism
8542:18.4 (2006): 446-476.
8480:Jewish Social Studies
8327:10.3989/chdj.2015.016
8245:10.1353/rap.2001.0003
8224:E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/21
8029:Further information:
6632:(29 September 2006).
6587:6 August 2020 at the
6506:Bloomsbury Publishing
6131:10.3989/chdj.2015.016
5826:Georgetown University
5118:Edigheji, O. (2006).
4912:"BEE's Glass Slipper"
4872:18 March 2014 at the
4367:Executive Order 11246
3739:Race and intelligence
3712:Political correctness
3680:Men's rights movement
3601:Civil rights movement
3333:Supreme Federal Court
3316:Further information:
3286:Human Rights Act 1993
3221:Executive Order 11375
3217:Executive Order 10925
3213:Executive Order 11246
3197:Executive Order 10925
3193:racial discrimination
3170:Northwest Territories
3161:Employment Equity Act
3132:Further information:
3073:Good Friday Agreement
2620:Constitution of India
2534:, and undermined the
2387:Employment Equity Act
2182:Executive Order 11246
1922:Religious intolerance
1882:Political correctness
1704:Intersex human rights
1652:Cultural assimilation
1322:Religious persecution
1086:Disability hate crime
863:Jewish / Antisemitism
12337:Job creation program
12113:Mandatory retirement
12066:Employee offboarding
11886:Workplace incivility
11881:Workplace harassment
11656:Occupational disease
11651:Occupational burnout
11566:Disability insurance
11410:Workweek and weekend
11390:Retroactive overtime
11212:Vocational education
11127:Continuing education
10965:Permanent employment
9917:Political repression
8921:Anti-left handedness
8911:Anti-intellectualism
8680:23 July 2016 at the
8671:Intelligence Squared
8628:"Affirmative Action"
8457:(Columbia UP, 2019).
8450:(W. W. Norton, 2006)
8360:Order No. DA3325474.
8150:"Affirmative Action"
8014:10.1257/aer.20140783
7386:10.1257/app.20160121
7034:. EmployeeIssues.com
6988:The Federal Register
6885:Melvin I. Urofsky,
6791:All-women shortlists
6777:. 12 September 2001.
6751:. Legislation.gov.uk
6440:. pp. 194–209.
5830:University of Malaya
5817:Ravallion1, Martin.
5473:. 1 September 2007.
5368:משרד הכלכלה והתעשייה
4703:24 June 2015 at the
4695:on 4 September 2015.
4400:"Affirmative Action"
4295:10.2139/ssrn.3112683
4186:"Affirmative Action"
4122:When steps involve
4102:"Affirmative Action"
4036:600 U.S. ___
3972:UNESCO IIEP (2021).
3878:"affirmative action"
3769:Substantive equality
3636:Diversity (business)
3508:and a member of the
3238:Grutter v. Bollinger
3215:, thereby replacing
3108:all-women shortlists
3025:Constitutional Court
2892:Armées d'aujourd'hui
2837:Taiwanese aborigines
2606:Reservation in India
2400:Department of Labour
2145:substantive equality
2134:substantive equality
2112:Grutter v. Bollinger
2103:In the United States
2085:substantive equality
1307:Political repression
287:Anti-left handedness
277:Anti-intellectualism
38:Mismatch (TV series)
12242:Recession-proof job
12237:Lists of recessions
12175:Economic depression
12123:Retirement planning
12004:Work–life interface
11841:Employee monitoring
11809:Corporate behaviour
11799:Accounting scandals
11681:Occupational stress
11671:Occupational injury
11202:Reflective practice
11197:Professional school
10919:Work-at-home scheme
10839:Induction programme
10817:Employment contract
10797:Business networking
10420:Historical eugenics
9957:Segregation academy
9937:Religious terrorism
9726:Enemy of the people
9634:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
9148:Jehovah's Witnesses
9041:Perpetual foreigner
8647:The Washington Post
8301:7 June 2010 at the
8222:on 16 October 2015.
7909:on 13 December 2017
7849:Stanford Law Review
7735:, 26 September 2007
7506:Pew Research Center
7096:Pew Research Center
7020:on 19 October 2014.
6823:. 22 February 2019.
6749:"Equality Act 2010"
6644:on 25 January 2007.
6559:. 18 February 2016.
5077:on 1 November 2012.
4767:. 21 December 2006.
4354:12 May 2015 at the
3888:on 23 February 2014
3882:Oxford Dictionaries
3858:on 23 February 2014
3852:Oxford Dictionaries
3433:Pew Research Center
3420:Pew Research Center
3296:Done in good faith;
3249:), and Washington (
3116:employment tribunal
3106:allowed the use of
2992:culturally backward
2880:French Constitution
2755:of this article is
2644:2019 Papua protests
2475:improve the section
2349:Bantu Education Act
2341:Mines and Works Act
2276:National approaches
1830:Historical eugenics
1347:Segregation academy
1327:Religious terrorism
1116:Enemy of the people
1024:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
522:Jehovah's Witnesses
407:Perpetual foreigner
12592:Left-wing politics
12567:Affirmative action
12505:See also templates
12342:Job creation index
12306:Youth unemployment
12170:Discouraged worker
12059:Wrongful dismissal
12039:At-will employment
11912:Civil conscription
11876:Workplace bullying
11763:Affirmative action
11745:Workplace wellness
11676:Occupational noise
11312:Long service leave
11172:Overspecialization
11152:Induction training
11107:Career development
10332:Social integration
10327:Self-determination
10317:Racial integration
10265:Diversity training
10255:Cultural pluralism
10230:Affirmative action
10130:Racial segregation
10040:Crime of apartheid
9942:Religious violence
9445:Indigenous people
8845:Sexual orientation
8642:Affirmative Action
8467:Pierce, Jennifer.
8453:Okechukwu, Amaka.
7942:10.1257/jel.54.1.3
7477:(12 August 2010).
6319:Management Science
6146:Armée d'ajourd'hui
5527:The Economic Times
5440:Censusindia.gov.in
5374:on 1 February 2013
4781:. South End Museum
4614:Academic Questions
4599:10.1007/BF00129440
4547:10.1111/spc3.12374
4519:Affirmative Action
4330:on 27 October 2020
3675:Legacy preferences
3641:Diversity training
3352:The International
3189:Reconstruction Era
3166:visible minorities
3075:and the resulting
2702:of Chinese descent
2479:encyclopedic style
2255:reservation system
2174:affirmative action
2060:alternative access
2052:Affirmative action
1734:Social integration
1729:Self-determination
1719:Racial integration
1667:Diversity training
1657:Cultural pluralism
1633:Affirmative action
1526:Racial segregation
1436:Crime of apartheid
1332:Religious violence
827:Indigenous people
203:Sexual orientation
12554:
12553:
12453:Post-work society
12433:Kiss up kick down
12165:Barriers to entry
12130:Severance package
11962:Human trafficking
11856:Sexual harassment
11836:Employee handbook
11755:Equal opportunity
11618:Safety and health
11608:Take-home vehicle
11217:Vocational school
11167:Lifelong learning
11142:Further education
11102:Career counseling
11097:Career assessment
10874:Overqualification
10634:
10633:
10502:Racism by country
10430:Intersectionality
10415:Heteronormativity
10214:Voter suppression
9962:Sexual harassment
9761:Forced conversion
9681:Cultural genocide
9344:African Americans
9158:post–Cold War era
9143:Eastern Orthodoxy
8906:Anti-drug addicts
8901:Anti-homelessness
8828:Scientific racism
8567:978-0-8153-2750-9
8498:Rubio, Philip F.
8446:Katznelson, Ira.
8183:978-1-4129-6580-4
8077:978-0-52-187835-7
7733:Los Angeles Times
7437:on 24 April 2021.
7056:Norma M. Riccucci
6735:www.xperthr.co.uk
6515:978-0-85773-896-7
6484:978-0-8014-8677-7
6473:. United States:
6455:978-1-349-42592-1
6160:"Le Plan Sarkozy"
6045:on 2 October 2011
5970:978-90-481-2652-1
5777:www.urbanasia.com
5317:on 5 January 2009
5226:978-0-9921788-6-4
5159:. Retrieved from
5155:Goga, F. (n.d.).
4962:on 3 October 2011
4741:. 7 December 2022
4276:(December 2010).
4230:on 28 August 2020
4059:978-1-4422-2055-3
4006:Equal Opportunity
3722:Progressive stack
3653:Equal opportunity
3537:Peter Arcidiacono
3337:constitutionality
3209:Lyndon B. Johnson
3093:other communities
3053:Equality Act 2010
3001:titular ethnicity
2988:ethnic minorities
2906:Article 3 of the
2796:
2795:
2788:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2178:Lyndon B. Johnson
2049:
2048:
1912:Racism by country
1840:Intersectionality
1825:Heteronormativity
1610:Voter suppression
1352:Sexual harassment
1151:Forced conversion
1071:Cultural genocide
726:African Americans
532:post–Cold War era
517:Eastern Orthodoxy
272:Anti-drug addicts
267:Anti-homelessness
186:Scientific racism
16:(Redirected from
12609:
12541:Critique of work
12536:Corporate titles
12504:
12503:
12423:Evil corporation
12289:Employment rates
12212:Jobless recovery
12180:Great Depression
12140:Golden parachute
12135:Golden handshake
11932:Job satisfaction
11922:Critique of work
11740:Workplace phobia
11571:Health insurance
11528:Wage compression
11496:Progressive wage
11350:35-hour workweek
11317:No call, no show
11307:Leave of absence
11157:Knowledge worker
11085:Master craftsman
10889:Personality hire
10827:Executive search
10807:Curriculum vitae
10792:Background check
10661:
10654:
10647:
10638:
10637:
10624:
10623:
10614:
10613:
10554:Social privilege
10539:Social exclusion
10467:Police brutality
10388:Multiculturalism
10358:Amatonormativity
10189:Social exclusion
10025:Age of candidacy
9825:Homeless dumping
9731:Ethnic cleansing
8711:
8704:
8697:
8688:
8687:
8637:
8624:Zalta, Edward N.
8592:
8571:
8552:Der Tagesspiegel
8551:
8535:
8495:
8443:
8432:
8398:
8379:
8359:
8331:
8329:
8294:
8282:
8264:
8223:
8218:. Archived from
8210:(17 June 2002).
8203:
8168:. pp. 6–8.
8141:
8104:
8092:
8081:
8055:
8018:
8017:
8008:(6): 1495–1521.
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7905:. Archived from
7894:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7846:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7816:
7810:
7809:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7705:"Charles Murray"
7701:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7640:
7625:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7596:
7590:
7577:
7571:
7570:
7569:. 26 April 2022.
7563:
7557:
7556:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7427:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7402:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7364:
7358:
7355:
7349:
7343:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7252:DiversityWorks.
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7223:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7176:
7170:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7065:
7059:
7050:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7016:. Archived from
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6937:
6930:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6896:
6890:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6867:on 3 August 2012
6857:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6796:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6727:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6698:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6671:(4 April 2013).
6665:
6656:
6645:
6626:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6605:. Euobserver.com
6598:
6592:
6579:
6573:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6466:
6460:
6459:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6325:(6): 4112–4134.
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6221:
6215:
6212:
6206:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6155:
6149:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6093:. Thisnation.com
6086:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6069:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6044:
6037:
6029:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5833:
5823:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5529:. 7 January 2019
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5503:. 7 January 2019
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5437:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5370:. Archived from
5360:
5354:
5353:
5344:(6): 1494–1505.
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5164:. Archived from
5153:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5129:. Archived from
5124:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5067:
5058:
5057:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4936:. Moneyweb.co.za
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4882:
4876:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4849:
4836:
4830:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4807:on 19 March 2014
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4713:
4707:
4696:
4674:
4668:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4637:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4587:Higher Education
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4491:. Archived from
4481:
4475:
4474:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4359:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4270:
4259:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4226:. Archived from
4215:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4119:
4117:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3926:The Conversation
3917:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3784:Angry white male
3717:Positive liberty
3690:Multiculturalism
2908:German Basic Law
2868:Swedish language
2791:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2652:defense minister
2648:Prabowo Subianto
2573:criminal justice
2538:in the country.
2506:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2081:social inclusion
2041:
2034:
2027:
1964:Social privilege
1949:Social exclusion
1877:Police brutality
1798:Multiculturalism
1768:Amatonormativity
1585:Social exclusion
1421:Age of candidacy
1215:Homeless dumping
1121:Ethnic cleansing
66:
43:
42:
21:
12617:
12616:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12608:
12607:
12606:
12557:
12556:
12555:
12550:
12546:Organized labor
12516:Aspects of jobs
12492:
12483:Toxic workplace
12418:Emotional labor
12391:
12315:Public programs
12310:
12227:Great Recession
12197:Full employment
12185:Long Depression
12151:
12049:Banishment room
12025:
11947:Refusal of work
11890:
11814:Corporate crime
11782:
11749:
11612:
11537:
11414:
11336:
11270:
11147:Graduate school
11057:
10979:
10923:
10914:Underemployment
10773:
10717:Self-employment
10692:Contingent work
10682:Academic tenure
10675:Classifications
10670:
10665:
10635:
10630:
10602:
10477:Polyculturalism
10373:Civil liberties
10341:
10322:Reappropriation
10223:Countermeasures
10218:
10147:Racial steering
10113:Numerus clausus
10017:
10011:
9736:Ethnic conflict
9671:Corrective rape
9622:
9262:
9217:minority Muslim
9104:
8996:HIV/AIDS stigma
8864:
8813:Mental disorder
8751:
8720:
8715:
8682:Wayback Machine
8613:
8599:
8597:Primary sources
8568:
8560:. Garland Pub.
8509:Sowell, Thomas.
8477:
8382:
8363:
8307:
8303:Wayback Machine
8291:
8267:Dobbin, Frank.
8230:
8184:
8138:
8111:
8101:
8078:
8036:
8033:
8027:
8025:Further reading
8022:
8021:
7994:
7990:
7961:
7957:
7926:
7922:
7912:
7910:
7895:
7891:
7881:
7879:
7872:
7868:
7844:
7838:
7834:
7817:
7813:
7794:
7790:
7767:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7745:Quotas on trial
7743:
7739:
7727:
7723:
7713:
7711:
7703:
7702:
7695:
7685:
7683:
7668:
7664:
7657:
7641:
7628:
7623:
7619:
7609:
7607:
7597:
7593:
7578:
7574:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7536:
7534:
7524:
7520:
7510:
7508:
7498:
7494:
7472:
7468:
7458:
7456:
7446:
7442:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7411:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7394:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7352:
7344:
7337:
7327:
7325:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7302:
7295:
7291:
7276:
7272:
7262:
7260:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7233:. 13 April 2022
7225:
7224:
7217:
7207:
7205:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7168:
7164:
7157:
7141:
7137:
7127:
7125:
7115:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7088:
7084:
7074:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7051:
7047:
7037:
7035:
7030:
7029:
7025:
7012:
7011:
7007:
6997:
6995:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6967:
6965:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6941:
6939:
6938:on 4 March 2016
6935:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6909:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6884:
6880:
6870:
6868:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6832:
6828:
6815:
6814:
6810:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6786:
6782:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6729:
6728:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6707:Personnel Today
6699:
6692:
6682:
6680:
6666:
6659:
6654:Wayback Machine
6627:
6618:
6608:
6606:
6599:
6595:
6589:Wayback Machine
6580:
6576:
6568:
6564:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6535:
6531:
6516:
6496:
6492:
6485:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6434:
6430:
6411:
6407:
6377:Russian History
6373:
6369:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6315:
6311:
6301:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6266:
6262:
6252:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6168:
6166:
6156:
6152:
6143:
6139:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6087:
6083:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6000:
5996:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5971:
5955:
5951:
5946:. 19 June 2015.
5938:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5921:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5896:
5892:
5877:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5835:
5834:
5821:
5815:
5811:
5796:
5792:
5782:
5780:
5779:(in Indonesian)
5769:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5730:(in Indonesian)
5722:
5721:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5704:(in Indonesian)
5694:
5690:
5680:
5678:
5677:(in Indonesian)
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5628:(in Indonesian)
5618:
5614:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5583:
5581:
5580:(in Indonesian)
5572:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5555:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5532:
5530:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5506:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5480:
5478:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5444:
5442:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5403:
5399:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5334:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5249:
5248:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5168:on 22 June 2012
5160:
5154:
5141:
5136:on 19 May 2014.
5133:
5122:
5116:
5109:
5086:
5082:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5030:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4892:on 1 April 2012
4884:
4883:
4879:
4874:Wayback Machine
4865:
4861:
4856:. Fanews.co.za.
4850:
4839:
4831:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4705:Wayback Machine
4675:
4671:
4659:
4655:
4639:
4638:
4610:
4606:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4531:
4527:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4356:Wayback Machine
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4274:Heriot, Gail L.
4271:
4262:
4250:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4216:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4182:
4178:
4136:
4132:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4094:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4046:
4042:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4010:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3918:
3914:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3700:Numerus clausus
3685:Minority rights
3663:Gender equality
3591:Civil liberties
3561:
3550:Duke University
3532:Jesse Rothstein
3494:
3457:minority groups
3452:
3442:
3403:Hispanic people
3394:minority groups
3384:
3371:
3350:
3345:
3320:
3314:
3309:
3275:Individuals of
3273:
3268:
3201:John F. Kennedy
3185:
3179:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3058:positive action
3045:protected-group
3037:
3021:
3012:
2968:
2957:
2937:
2904:
2876:
2864:
2855:
2850:
2833:
2815:. However, the
2809:Tamil community
2792:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2761:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2674:
2672:Ketuanan Melayu
2668:
2636:
2608:
2602:
2581:
2569:Liangshaoyikuan
2564:
2558:
2553:
2541:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2472:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2428:
2364:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2301:positive action
2284:
2278:
2244:
2231:
2225:
2203:
2166:John F. Kennedy
2158:
2126:positive action
2068:positive action
2045:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1887:Polyculturalism
1783:Civil liberties
1755:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1724:Reappropriation
1626:
1625:Countermeasures
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1543:Racial steering
1509:Numerus clausus
1413:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1126:Ethnic conflict
1061:Corrective rape
1016:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
651:
640:
639:
638:
637:
636:
591:minority Muslim
484:
474:
473:
472:
471:
470:
362:HIV/AIDS stigma
234:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
171:Mental disorder
113:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
74:
41:
34:Mismatch (film)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12615:
12605:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12582:Social justice
12579:
12574:
12572:Discrimination
12569:
12552:
12551:
12549:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12507:
12506:
12497:
12494:
12493:
12491:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12475:
12470:
12468:Sunday scaries
12465:
12460:
12455:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12405:
12399:
12397:
12393:
12392:
12385:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12318:
12316:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12297:
12296:
12291:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12245:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12219:
12217:Phillips curve
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12188:
12187:
12182:
12172:
12167:
12161:
12159:
12153:
12152:
12150:
12149:
12144:
12143:
12142:
12137:
12127:
12126:
12125:
12120:
12118:Retirement age
12115:
12105:
12100:
12099:
12098:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12071:Exit interview
12068:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12041:
12035:
12033:
12027:
12026:
12024:
12023:
12018:
12017:
12016:
12011:
12001:
11996:
11995:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11888:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11821:Discrimination
11818:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11790:
11788:
11784:
11783:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11773:Gender pay gap
11770:
11765:
11759:
11757:
11751:
11750:
11748:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11721:
11720:
11710:
11705:
11704:
11703:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11622:
11620:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11605:
11604:
11603:
11593:
11588:
11586:Parental leave
11583:
11581:Marriage leave
11578:
11576:Life insurance
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11547:
11545:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11504:
11503:
11493:
11492:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11466:
11465:
11464:
11459:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11432:Income bracket
11428:
11426:
11416:
11415:
11413:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11360:Eight-hour day
11357:
11352:
11346:
11344:
11338:
11337:
11335:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11278:
11276:
11272:
11271:
11269:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11251:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11225:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11119:
11117:Creative class
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11088:
11087:
11077:
11075:Apprenticeship
11071:
11069:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11043:Scarlet-collar
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10989:
10987:
10981:
10980:
10978:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10931:
10929:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10783:
10781:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10759:Temporary work
10756:
10751:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10727:Skilled worker
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10664:
10663:
10656:
10649:
10641:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10628:
10618:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10600:
10595:
10594:
10593:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10572:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10525:
10524:
10522:Reverse racism
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10492:Prisoner abuse
10489:
10484:
10482:Power distance
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10448:
10447:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10400:Ethnic penalty
10397:
10396:
10395:
10393:Neurodiversity
10390:
10380:
10378:Dehumanization
10375:
10370:
10368:Cisnormativity
10365:
10360:
10355:
10349:
10347:
10346:Related topics
10343:
10342:
10340:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10268:
10267:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10226:
10224:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10204:State religion
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10185:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10143:
10142:
10140:Nuremberg Laws
10137:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10082:Ghetto benches
10079:
10077:Gerrymandering
10074:
10069:
10064:
10062:Gender pay gap
10059:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10021:
10019:
10016:Discriminatory
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9893:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9845:Lavender scare
9842:
9840:Kill Haole Day
9837:
9835:Indian rolling
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9800:
9795:
9794:
9793:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9721:Eliminationism
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9656:Cancel culture
9653:
9648:
9643:
9642:
9641:
9630:
9628:
9627:Manifestations
9624:
9623:
9621:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9523:Middle Eastern
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9273:
9271:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9260:
9258:Zoroastrianism
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9180:Untouchability
9177:
9167:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9114:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9091:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9070:
9069:
9068:
9063:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9006:Leprosy stigma
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8872:
8870:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8825:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8728:
8726:
8722:
8721:
8718:Discrimination
8714:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8668:
8662:
8656:
8650:
8639:
8620:
8612:
8611:External links
8609:
8608:
8607:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8572:
8566:
8553:
8543:
8536:
8532:10.1086/712211
8515:
8506:
8496:
8475:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8444:
8433:
8412:
8402:
8380:
8361:
8346:(PhD thesis).
8339:
8332:
8305:
8289:
8272:
8265:
8228:
8204:
8182:
8166:Cato Institute
8154:Hamowy, Ronald
8142:
8136:
8109:
8106:
8099:
8082:
8076:
8059:
8047:NYU Law Review
8026:
8023:
8020:
8019:
7988:
7975:(3): 303–333.
7955:
7920:
7889:
7866:
7855:(2): 367–483.
7832:
7811:
7788:
7761:
7749:
7737:
7721:
7693:
7662:
7656:978-0300107753
7655:
7626:
7617:
7591:
7572:
7558:
7555:. 8 June 2023.
7544:
7518:
7492:
7466:
7440:
7419:
7406:"Usatoday.Com"
7392:
7379:(3): 152–190.
7359:
7350:
7335:
7312:
7289:
7270:
7258:DiversityWorks
7244:
7215:
7193:
7171:
7162:
7156:978-1400829699
7155:
7135:
7109:
7082:
7060:
7045:
7023:
7005:
6975:
6964:on 27 May 2010
6949:
6917:
6906:on 27 May 2011
6891:
6878:
6852:
6826:
6808:
6780:
6762:
6740:
6719:
6690:
6657:
6616:
6593:
6574:
6562:
6548:
6537:Chang, Jon K.
6529:
6514:
6490:
6483:
6461:
6454:
6428:
6405:
6383:(1): 174–193.
6367:
6346:
6309:
6287:
6260:
6238:
6216:
6207:
6198:
6185:"Vie Publique"
6176:
6150:
6137:
6104:
6081:
6056:
6021:
5994:
5976:
5969:
5949:
5931:
5909:
5890:
5871:
5849:
5809:
5790:
5763:
5741:
5715:
5688:
5665:
5639:
5612:
5591:
5565:
5540:
5514:
5488:
5466:Times of India
5452:
5424:
5413:(2): 109–128.
5397:
5385:
5355:
5328:
5302:
5281:
5259:
5250:|website=
5225:
5205:
5179:
5139:
5107:
5096:(2): 157–187.
5080:
5059:
5040:(5): 757–768.
5021:
4999:
4988:on 16 May 2016
4973:
4947:
4925:
4903:
4877:
4859:
4837:
4818:
4792:
4770:
4752:
4726:
4708:
4669:
4653:
4604:
4593:(2): 177–191.
4577:
4552:
4525:
4506:
4476:
4441:(2): 165–196.
4421:
4410:on 18 May 2015
4391:
4369:
4360:
4341:
4309:
4260:
4241:
4207:
4176:
4130:
4092:
4065:
4058:
4040:
4020:
3995:
3964:
3938:
3912:
3899:
3869:
3839:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3779:White backlash
3776:
3771:
3766:
3764:Social justice
3761:
3756:
3751:
3749:Reverse racism
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3695:Multiracialism
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3668:Women's rights
3660:
3658:Ethnic penalty
3655:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3520:Richard Sander
3493:
3490:
3441:
3438:
3383:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3349:
3348:United Nations
3346:
3344:
3341:
3323:services. The
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3251:Initiative 200
3233:constitutional
3181:Main article:
3178:
3175:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3100:
3041:United Kingdom
3036:
3035:United Kingdom
3033:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3008:
2967:
2964:
2956:
2953:
2936:
2933:
2903:
2900:
2875:
2872:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2832:
2829:
2825:Tamil language
2794:
2793:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2670:Main article:
2667:
2664:
2640:native Papuans
2635:
2632:
2604:Main article:
2601:
2598:
2580:
2577:
2560:Main article:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2509:
2508:
2477:by writing in
2466:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2427:
2424:
2363:
2360:
2324:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2277:
2274:
2262:European Union
2246:Law regarding
2243:
2240:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2157:
2154:
2141:public opinion
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1932:Reverse racism
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Prisoner abuse
1899:
1894:
1892:Power distance
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Ethnic penalty
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:Neurodiversity
1800:
1790:
1788:Dehumanization
1785:
1780:
1778:Cisnormativity
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:Related topics
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1600:State religion
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:Nuremberg Laws
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Ghetto benches
1475:
1473:Gerrymandering
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Gender pay gap
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Lavender scare
1232:
1230:Kill Haole Day
1227:
1225:Indian rolling
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:Eliminationism
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:Cancel culture
1043:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1015:Manifestations
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
905:Middle Eastern
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
871:
870:
860:
855:
850:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
718:
713:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
653:
652:
646:
645:
642:
641:
635:
634:
632:Zoroastrianism
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
608:
607:
597:
596:
595:
594:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
558:
557:
556:
554:Untouchability
551:
541:
536:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
504:
499:
494:
488:
487:
486:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
469:
468:
463:
458:
457:
456:
451:
446:
436:
435:
434:
429:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:Leprosy stigma
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
189:
188:
183:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
67:
59:
58:
56:Discrimination
52:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12614:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12564:
12562:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12508:
12499:
12498:
12495:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12443:Make-work job
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12394:
12390:
12389:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12362:Right to work
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12347:Job guarantee
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12332:Make-work job
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12319:
12317:
12313:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12286:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12177:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12162:
12160:
12158:
12154:
12148:
12145:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12132:
12131:
12128:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12110:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12103:Restructuring
12101:
12097:
12094:
12093:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12081:Notice period
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12046:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12036:
12034:
12032:
12028:
12022:
12019:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12006:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11987:Unfree labour
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11957:Bonded labour
11955:
11954:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11893:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11871:Whistleblower
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11804:Control fraud
11802:
11800:
11797:
11796:
11795:
11792:
11791:
11789:
11785:
11779:
11778:Glass ceiling
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11760:
11758:
11756:
11752:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11719:
11716:
11715:
11714:
11713:Work accident
11711:
11709:
11706:
11702:
11701:United States
11699:
11698:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11623:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11606:
11602:
11601:United States
11599:
11598:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11556:Casual Friday
11554:
11552:
11549:
11548:
11546:
11544:
11540:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11513:Paid time off
11511:
11509:
11508:Overtime rate
11506:
11502:
11499:
11498:
11497:
11494:
11490:
11489:United States
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11467:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11429:
11427:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11355:Four-day week
11353:
11351:
11348:
11347:
11345:
11343:
11339:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11273:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11246:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11239:Practice firm
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11137:Employability
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11068:
11064:
11060:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11038:Orange-collar
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10986:
10985:Working class
10982:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10926:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10859:Job interview
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10833:
10830:
10829:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10784:
10782:
10780:
10776:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10729:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10712:Part-time job
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10697:Full-time job
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10673:
10669:
10662:
10657:
10655:
10650:
10648:
10643:
10642:
10639:
10627:
10619:
10617:
10609:
10608:
10605:
10599:
10596:
10592:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10576:Social stigma
10574:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10344:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10221:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10199:State atheism
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10164:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10135:Jim Crow laws
10133:
10132:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10120:One-drop rule
10118:
10116:
10114:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10035:Blood quantum
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10014:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9982:Victimisation
9980:
9978:
9977:Trans bashing
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9947:Religious war
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9927:Racialization
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9877:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9798:Glass ceiling
9796:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9741:Ethnic hatred
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9676:Counter-jihad
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9640:
9637:
9636:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9487:
9484:
9483:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9460:
9459:United States
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9323:
9322:United States
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9270:
9265:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9243:Protestantism
9241:
9239:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9228:
9227:
9224:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9190:
9189:
9188:
9185:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9153:LDS or Mormon
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9083:Transmisogyny
9081:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9058:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8986:Gerontophobia
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8916:Anti-intersex
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8891:Anti-albinism
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8867:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8732:Institutional
8730:
8729:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8712:
8707:
8705:
8700:
8698:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8683:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8640:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8605:
8601:
8600:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8573:
8569:
8563:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8513:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8486:(2): 113–22.
8485:
8481:
8476:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8413:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8401:
8396:
8392:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8378:(2): 463–537.
8377:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8337:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8311:
8306:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8290:9780472033775
8286:
8281:
8280:
8273:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8239:(1): 85–108.
8238:
8234:
8229:
8227:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8208:Bossuyt, Marc
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8151:
8147:
8146:Bolick, Clint
8143:
8139:
8137:9781405133456
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8110:
8107:
8102:
8100:9780195157642
8096:
8091:
8090:
8083:
8079:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8060:
8058:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7959:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7924:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7893:
7877:
7870:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7815:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7792:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7765:
7758:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7734:
7730:
7725:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7698:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7666:
7658:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7621:
7606:
7602:
7595:
7589:
7588:1-58182-569-2
7585:
7581:
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7554:
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7424:
7407:
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7399:
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7387:
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7374:
7370:
7363:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7340:
7323:
7316:
7300:
7293:
7285:
7281:
7274:
7259:
7255:
7248:
7232:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7203:
7197:
7181:
7175:
7166:
7158:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7139:
7124:
7120:
7113:
7097:
7093:
7086:
7070:
7064:
7057:
7054:
7049:
7033:
7027:
7019:
7015:
7009:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6934:
6927:
6921:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6888:
6882:
6866:
6862:
6856:
6841:
6840:www.canada.ca
6837:
6830:
6822:
6818:
6812:
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6784:
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6732:
6726:
6724:
6708:
6704:
6697:
6695:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6578:
6571:
6566:
6558:
6552:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6494:
6486:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6432:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6356:
6350:
6341:
6340:11250/3046314
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6297:
6291:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6264:
6248:
6242:
6226:
6220:
6211:
6202:
6186:
6180:
6165:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6141:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6092:
6085:
6066:
6060:
6041:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6009:
6005:
5998:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5972:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5953:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5919:
5913:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5859:
5853:
5845:
5839:
5831:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5778:
5774:
5767:
5752:
5745:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5703:
5699:
5692:
5676:
5669:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5627:
5623:
5616:
5601:
5595:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5502:
5501:Deccan Herald
5498:
5492:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5441:
5434:
5428:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5389:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5332:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5291:
5285:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5243:
5228:
5222:
5219:. FMF Books.
5218:
5217:
5209:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5167:
5163:
5158:
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5150:
5148:
5146:
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5132:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5112:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5026:
5009:
5003:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4935:
4929:
4913:
4907:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:Archived copy
4863:
4855:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4780:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4673:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4649:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4511:
4495:on 1 May 2015
4494:
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4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
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4452:
4448:
4444:
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4432:
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4409:
4405:
4404:Harvard Blogs
4401:
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4379:
4373:
4364:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4326:
4319:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4258:
4257:0-300-10199-6
4254:
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4229:
4225:
4221:
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4212:
4195:
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4024:
4008:
4007:
3999:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3828:
3827:UK Parliament
3821:
3814:
3810:
3797:
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3673:
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3665:
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3628:
3624:
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3616:
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3579:
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3569:
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3511:
3507:
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3498:
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3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3421:
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3406:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
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3379:
3375:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3355:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3307:South America
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:), Michigan (
3244:
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3234:
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3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3177:United States
3174:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3158:The Canadian
3156:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3123:North America
3120:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3079:required the
3078:
3077:Patten report
3074:
3070:
3066:
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3064:
3061:
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3054:
3049:
3046:
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3007:
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2997:
2996:Korenizatsiia
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:Inessa Armand
2963:
2961:
2960:Romani people
2952:
2948:
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2653:
2650:, Indonesian
2649:
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2641:
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2614:(SC/ST), and
2613:
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2420:Supreme Court
2415:
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2319:
2304:
2302:
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2294:
2290:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2260:In 2012, the
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
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2186:
2183:
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2175:
2171:
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2146:
2142:
2137:
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2121:
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2108:
2107:Supreme Court
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:social equity
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Social stigma
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
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1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
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1841:
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1833:
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1828:
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1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
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1786:
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1740:
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1735:
1732:
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1710:
1707:
1705:
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1700:
1697:
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1677:
1675:
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1668:
1665:
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1653:
1650:
1648:
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1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:State atheism
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Jim Crow laws
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:One-drop rule
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
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1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
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1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Blood quantum
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Victimisation
1370:
1368:
1367:Trans bashing
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Religious war
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Racialization
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
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1271:
1268:
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1236:
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1213:
1211:
1208:
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1196:
1195:
1194:
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1189:
1188:Glass ceiling
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
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1164:
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1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
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1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Ethnic hatred
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Counter-jihad
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
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1034:
1030:
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1022:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1001:
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986:
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963:
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921:
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913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
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888:
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876:
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
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854:
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841:United States
839:
837:
834:
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826:
824:
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816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
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794:
791:
789:
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784:
781:
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776:
774:
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769:
766:
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761:
759:
756:
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751:
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744:
741:
737:
734:
732:
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727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
705:
704:United States
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
650:
644:
643:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:Protestantism
615:
613:
610:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
537:
533:
530:
528:
527:LDS or Mormon
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
483:
478:
477:
467:
464:
462:
459:
455:
452:
450:
449:Transmisogyny
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:Gerontophobia
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Anti-intersex
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Anti-albinism
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
230:
229:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
109:
108:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
82:Institutional
80:
79:
70:
69:
65:
61:
60:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
30:
19:
12577:Race and law
12478:Toxic leader
12458:Presenteeism
12438:Labor rights
12428:Going postal
12403:Bullshit job
12386:
12371:
12366:
12157:Unemployment
12009:Downshifting
11992:Wage slavery
11972:Penal labour
11927:Dead-end job
11917:Conscription
11762:
11696:Right to sit
11551:Annual leave
11533:Working poor
11469:Minimum wage
11447:Maximum wage
11405:Working time
11395:Six-hour day
11292:Career break
11254:Professional
11048:Black-collar
11018:White-collar
10998:Green-collar
10975:Volunteering
10812:Drug testing
10802:Cover letter
10742:Tradesperson
10410:Gender-blind
10297:Human rights
10229:
10125:Racial quota
10112:
10092:Jewish quota
10072:Gerontocracy
10067:Gender roles
10045:Disabilities
10030:Blood purity
10002:Wife selling
9992:White flight
9972:Slut-shaming
9952:Scapegoating
9870:Murder music
9543:Palestinians
9486:Anti-Zionism
9354:South Africa
9339:Black people
9317:South Africa
9133:Christianity
9123:Baháʼí Faith
9051:Sectarianism
8991:Heterosexism
8956:Ephebiphobia
8926:Anti-Masonry
8793:Hair texture
8645:
8631:
8603:
8583:(2): 40–53.
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8232:
8220:the original
8157:
8114:
8088:
8067:
8051:
8045:
8005:
8001:
7991:
7982:10.3982/QE83
7972:
7968:
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7911:. Retrieved
7907:the original
7902:
7892:
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7869:
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7740:
7732:
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7712:. Retrieved
7708:
7684:. Retrieved
7679:
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7608:. Retrieved
7605:The Atlantic
7604:
7594:
7579:
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7561:
7547:
7535:. Retrieved
7531:
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7509:. Retrieved
7505:
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7443:
7435:the original
7410:. Retrieved
7376:
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7326:. Retrieved
7315:
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7292:
7286:. São Paulo.
7283:
7273:
7261:. Retrieved
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7247:
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7230:
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7196:
7184:. Retrieved
7174:
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7126:. Retrieved
7122:
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7100:. Retrieved
7095:
7085:
7073:. Retrieved
7063:
7048:
7036:. Retrieved
7026:
7018:the original
7008:
6996:. Retrieved
6987:
6978:
6966:. Retrieved
6962:the original
6952:
6942:27 September
6940:. Retrieved
6933:the original
6920:
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6904:the original
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6865:the original
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6839:
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6790:
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6710:. Retrieved
6706:
6681:. Retrieved
6676:
6642:the original
6637:
6607:. Retrieved
6596:
6577:
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6542:
6532:
6523:
6520:Google Books
6518:– via
6500:
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6380:
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6312:
6300:. Retrieved
6290:
6276:(1): 44–54.
6273:
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6251:. Retrieved
6241:
6229:. Retrieved
6227:. Lovdata.no
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6084:
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6059:
6047:. Retrieved
6040:the original
6012:. Retrieved
6007:
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5934:
5922:. Retrieved
5920:. Sangam.org
5912:
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5862:. Retrieved
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5781:. Retrieved
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5744:
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5727:
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5668:
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5625:
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5594:
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5372:the original
5367:
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5315:the original
5305:
5293:. Retrieved
5284:
5272:. Retrieved
5262:
5232:17 September
5230:. Retrieved
5215:
5208:
5198:17 September
5196:. Retrieved
5192:
5182:
5170:. Retrieved
5166:the original
5156:
5131:the original
5126:
5093:
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5083:
5075:the original
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4986:the original
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4960:the original
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4928:
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4890:the original
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4805:the original
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4738:
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4693:the original
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4642:cite journal
4620:(4): 52–66.
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4568:. Retrieved
4565:Investopedia
4564:
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4497:. Retrieved
4493:the original
4488:
4479:
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4412:. Retrieved
4408:the original
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4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4372:
4363:
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4332:. Retrieved
4325:the original
4312:
4288:(3): 18–25.
4285:
4281:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4224:The Atlantic
4223:
4198:. Retrieved
4189:
4179:
4147:(1): 63–83.
4144:
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4133:
4124:preferential
4123:
4121:
4114:. Retrieved
4105:
4095:
4081:(4): 22–37.
4078:
4074:
4068:
4049:
4043:
4038: (2023).
4028:
4023:
4013:12 September
4011:, retrieved
4005:
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3986:. Retrieved
3977:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3951:
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3925:
3915:
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3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3886:the original
3881:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3856:the original
3851:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:
3813:
3732:Racial quota
3705:Jewish quota
3554:
3546:
3525:
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3486:
3482:
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3062:
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3038:
3029:Constitution
3022:
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2958:
2949:
2945:
2938:
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2912:
2905:
2896:
2891:
2888:
2877:
2865:
2856:
2834:
2798:In 1981 the
2797:
2782:
2773:
2751:
2723:
2721:
2710:
2694:
2675:
2637:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2565:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2497:
2488:
2473:Please help
2468:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2384:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2337:white people
2326:
2312:South Africa
2297:
2285:
2267:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2232:
2194:exploitation
2191:
2187:
2173:
2159:
2138:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2100:
2092:quota system
2089:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:reservations
2055:
2051:
2050:
1820:Gender-blind
1699:Human rights
1521:Racial quota
1508:
1488:Jewish quota
1468:Gerontocracy
1463:Gender roles
1441:Disabilities
1426:Blood purity
1392:Wife selling
1382:White flight
1362:Slut-shaming
1342:Scapegoating
1260:Murder music
925:Palestinians
868:Anti-Zionism
736:South Africa
721:Black people
699:South Africa
507:Christianity
497:Baháʼí Faith
417:Sectarianism
357:Heterosexism
322:Ephebiphobia
292:Anti-Masonry
151:Hair texture
29:
12367:Historical:
12091:Resignation
12031:Termination
12014:Slow living
11982:Truck wages
11967:Labour camp
11895:Willingness
11787:Infractions
11442:Living wage
11385:Remote work
11053:Gold-collar
11008:Pink-collar
11003:Grey-collar
10993:Blue-collar
10960:Labour hire
10935:Cooperative
10899:Recruitment
10854:Job hunting
10787:Application
10769:Wage labour
10754:Labour hire
10707:Job sharing
10312:Nonviolence
10307:LGBT rights
10272:Empowerment
10240:Anti-racism
10162:Segregation
10107:No kid zone
9907:Persecution
9820:Hate speech
9771:Gay bashing
9746:Ethnic joke
9701:Dog whistle
9646:Blood libel
9334:Azerbaijani
9238:Neopaganism
9231:Persecution
9192:Persecution
9175:Persecution
9138:Catholicism
9073:Transphobia
9056:Supremacism
9011:Lesbophobia
8931:Aporophobia
8896:Anti-autism
8747:Taste-based
8742:Statistical
8397:(1): 57–74.
8320:(2): e016.
8054:: 1195–271.
7936:(1): 3–51.
7878:. Slate.com
7876:"Slate.com"
7483:Toronto Sun
7475:Akin, David
7263:26 November
7237:26 November
7208:1 September
7186:1 September
7075:1 September
6124:(2): e016.
6010:(in Danish)
5924:1 September
5906:(2): 33–46.
5783:24 February
5756:24 February
5653:Antara News
5481:21 November
5274:9 September
4745:26 February
4489:chatham.edu
4162:10923/19826
3988:20 February
3957:20 February
3931:20 February
3892:13 February
3862:13 February
3791:White guilt
3581:Anti-racism
3535:studies by
3502:Gail Heriot
3492:Mismatching
3271:New Zealand
2884:Sciences Po
2536:rule of law
2289:color blind
2130:color blind
1714:Nonviolence
1709:LGBT rights
1674:Empowerment
1642:Anti-racism
1558:Segregation
1503:No kid zone
1297:Persecution
1210:Hate speech
1161:Gay bashing
1136:Ethnic joke
1091:Dog whistle
1036:Blood libel
716:Azerbaijani
612:Neopaganism
605:Persecution
566:Persecution
549:Persecution
512:Catholicism
439:Transphobia
422:Supremacism
377:Lesbophobia
297:Aporophobia
262:Anti-autism
97:Taste-based
92:Statistical
18:Mismatching
12587:Liberalism
12561:Categories
12301:Wage curve
12108:Retirement
12021:Workaholic
11999:Work ethic
11866:Wage theft
11851:Labour law
11846:Evaluation
11831:Dress code
11596:Sick leave
11561:Child care
11523:Salary cap
11437:Income tax
11400:Shift work
11332:Time clock
11327:Sick leave
11322:Sabbatical
11287:Break room
11275:Attendance
11244:Profession
11229:Mentorship
11207:Retraining
11132:E-learning
11028:New-collar
11023:Red-collar
10970:Supervisor
10950:Internship
10869:Onboarding
10737:Technician
10732:Journeyman
10702:Gig worker
10668:Employment
10586:Stereotype
10581:Speciesism
10462:Oppression
10457:Oikophobia
10353:Allophilia
10337:Toleration
10194:Sodomy law
10087:Internment
10007:Witch-hunt
9885:Blackhawks
9815:Hate group
9803:Hate crime
9776:Gendercide
9766:Freak show
9756:Excellence
9716:Employment
9686:Defamation
9618:Vietnamese
9613:Venezuelan
9503:Lithuanian
9165:Falun Gong
9100:Xenophobia
9095:Vegaphobia
9078:Non-binary
9036:Pedophobia
9001:Homophobia
8823:Skin color
8783:Disability
8756:Attributes
8737:Structural
8192:2008009151
7913:27 January
7800:(Thesis).
7231:Lane Neave
7123:Reason.com
7102:24 October
6998:5 February
6968:5 February
6910:6 December
6845:7 February
6423:1807/32159
6417:(Thesis).
6360:30 January
5378:22 October
5172:5 November
5127:cps.org.za
4721:Forbes.com
4200:30 October
4116:30 October
3908:OED Online
3805:References
3444:See also:
3281:Polynesian
3152:Section 15
3089:Protestant
2914:Left Party
2804:Sri Lankan
2753:neutrality
2682:Orang Asli
2532:corruption
2316:See also:
2280:See also:
2227:See also:
1996:Stereotype
1991:Speciesism
1872:Oppression
1867:Oikophobia
1763:Allophilia
1739:Toleration
1590:Sodomy law
1483:Internment
1397:Witch-hunt
1275:Blackhawks
1205:Hate group
1193:Hate crime
1166:Gendercide
1156:Freak show
1146:Excellence
1106:Employment
1076:Defamation
1000:Vietnamese
995:Venezuelan
885:Lithuanian
539:Falun Gong
466:Xenophobia
461:Vegaphobia
444:Non-binary
402:Pedophobia
367:Homophobia
181:Skin color
141:Disability
112:Attributes
87:Structural
12488:Workhouse
12408:Busy work
12222:Recession
12086:Pink slip
12044:Dismissal
11907:Careerism
11501:Singapore
11479:Hong Kong
11342:Schedules
11261:Tradesman
11162:Licensure
11122:Education
11092:Avocation
11033:No-collar
11013:Precariat
10894:Probation
10849:Job fraud
10559:Christian
10487:Prejudice
10435:Masculism
10383:Diversity
10177:religious
10152:Redlining
9751:Ethnocide
9711:Education
9603:Ukrainian
9538:Pakistani
9528:Mongolian
9449:Australia
9431:Hungarian
9386:Colombian
9366:Bulgarian
9248:Rastafari
9197:Ahmadiyya
9110:Religious
9088:Trans men
9046:Pregnancy
8981:Gayphobia
8976:Fatphobia
8881:Acephobia
8876:Arophobia
8860:Viewpoint
8442:(Thesis).
8356:279305174
8261:144851327
8200:750831024
7777:: 31–40.
6014:29 August
5702:medcom.id
5558:3 January
5533:7 January
5507:7 January
5445:1 October
5252:ignored (
5242:cite book
5054:1062-9769
4765:The Local
4634:603595788
4471:146578304
4455:0034-6543
4334:20 August
4171:225376002
3542:state bar
3528:Ian Ayres
3440:Criticism
3389:USA Today
3325:Democrats
3279:or other
2980:Zhenotdel
2929:Gymnasien
2924:Gymnasium
2817:Sinhalese
2813:Sri Lanka
2776:June 2023
2764:talk page
2733:Sri Lanka
2726:Bumiputra
2724:See also
2634:Indonesia
2524:Negative:
2517:Positive:
2483:talk page
2376:Coloureds
2333:Afrikaner
2329:apartheid
2323:Apartheid
2073:diversity
1969:Christian
1897:Prejudice
1845:Masculism
1793:Diversity
1573:religious
1548:Redlining
1141:Ethnocide
1101:Education
985:Ukrainian
920:Pakistani
910:Mongolian
831:Australia
813:Hungarian
768:Colombian
748:Bulgarian
622:Rastafari
571:Ahmadiyya
482:Religious
454:Trans men
412:Pregnancy
347:Gayphobia
342:Fatphobia
247:Acephobia
242:Arophobia
218:Viewpoint
12396:See also
12322:Workfare
12147:Turnover
11543:Benefits
11424:salaries
11380:Overtime
11370:Flextime
11302:Gap year
11297:Furlough
11266:Vocation
11249:Operator
11112:Coaching
11067:training
10945:Employer
10940:Employee
10844:Job fair
10722:Side job
10616:Category
10598:The talk
10534:Snobbery
10452:Net bias
10282:Feminism
10209:Ugly law
10050:Catholic
10018:policies
9865:Mortgage
9860:Lynching
9791:examples
9786:Genocide
9706:Economic
9691:Democide
9651:Bullying
9568:Romanian
9533:Nigerian
9476:Japanese
9411:Georgian
9396:Filipino
9329:Assyrian
9302:Armenian
9292:American
9287:Albanian
9269:National
9253:Yazidism
9170:Hinduism
9128:Buddhism
9031:Nepotism
9026:Misogyny
9021:Misandry
8946:Clannism
8941:Biphobia
8886:Adultism
8803:Language
8678:Archived
8673:debate:
8589:EJ360259
8299:Archived
8296:Details.
8253:41939651
8148:(2008).
8040:(2002).
7882:11 April
7861:40040209
7537:16 March
7511:16 March
7487:Archived
7459:11 March
7412:28 April
7305:11 April
7284:BBC News
6992:Archived
6871:11 April
6821:BBC News
6775:BBC News
6755:11 April
6679:. GOV.UK
6650:Archived
6638:Catalyst
6609:11 April
6585:Archived
6397:24649711
6191:11 April
6169:11 April
6164:Le Monde
6097:28 April
5864:11 April
5838:cite web
5734:6 August
5728:nasional
5708:6 August
5681:6 August
5658:6 August
5632:6 August
5626:tirto.id
5605:6 August
5584:6 August
5578:kumparan
5475:Archived
5321:11 April
5295:31 March
5193:Moneyweb
4940:11 April
4918:11 April
4896:11 April
4870:Archived
4785:31 March
4701:Archived
4630:ProQuest
4499:30 April
4414:30 April
4352:Archived
4194:Archived
4110:Archived
4087:41675099
3982:Archived
3952:The Wire
3832:31 March
3774:Tokenism
3727:Quotaism
3559:See also
3085:Catholic
3019:Slovakia
2821:Buddhism
2757:disputed
2704:, while
2666:Malaysia
2491:May 2018
2389:and the
2236:Hispanic
2008:The talk
1944:Snobbery
1862:Net bias
1684:Feminism
1605:Ugly law
1446:Catholic
1412:Policies
1255:Mortgage
1250:Lynching
1181:examples
1176:Genocide
1096:Economic
1081:Democide
1041:Bullying
950:Romanian
915:Nigerian
858:Japanese
793:Georgian
778:Filipino
711:Assyrian
684:Armenian
674:American
669:Albanian
649:national
627:Yazidism
544:Hinduism
502:Buddhism
397:Nepotism
392:Misogyny
387:Misandry
312:Clannism
307:Biphobia
252:Adultism
161:Language
48:a series
46:Part of
12372:U.S.A.:
11977:Peonage
11952:Slavery
11902:Boreout
11641:Karoshi
11591:Pension
11375:On-call
11080:Artisan
10764:Laborer
10626:Commons
10405:Figleaf
9830:Housing
9598:Turkish
9548:Pashtun
9518:Mexican
9498:Kurdish
9471:Italian
9421:Haitian
9406:Finnish
9381:Chinese
9376:Chechen
9371:Catalan
9361:Bengali
9282:African
9267:Ethnic/
9226:Judaism
9212:Sunnism
9202:Shi'ism
9118:Atheism
8951:Elitism
8850:Species
8788:Genetic
8778:Dialect
8626:(ed.).
8492:4467214
8429:2891107
8156:(ed.).
7950:1876963
7806:3484530
7714:2 March
7686:2 March
7610:2 March
6889:(2020).
6801:23 June
6712:13 July
6683:7 April
6647:Alt URL
6231:29 July
6148:, 1991.
5014:29 July
4992:29 July
4966:29 July
4739:EUR-Lex
4463:1170625
4384:17 July
4304:3112683
4234:2 March
3431:A 2019
3418:A 2014
3408:A 2009
3369:Support
3266:Oceania
3211:signed
3148:require
3039:In the
2955:Romania
2939:In all
2902:Germany
2862:Finland
2853:Denmark
2690:Sarawak
2450:Outcome
2372:Indians
2180:issued
2156:Origins
1815:Figleaf
1220:Housing
980:Turkish
930:Pashtun
900:Mexican
880:Kurdish
853:Italian
803:Haitian
788:Finnish
763:Chinese
758:Chechen
753:Catalan
743:Bengali
664:African
647:Ethnic/
600:Judaism
586:Sunnism
576:Shi'ism
492:Atheism
317:Elitism
208:Species
146:Genetic
136:Dialect
12076:Layoff
11626:Crunch
11484:Europe
11474:Canada
11462:Europe
11063:Career
10904:Résumé
10779:Hiring
10687:Casual
10591:threat
10445:autism
10182:sexual
10172:racial
10055:Jewish
9912:Pogrom
9890:Chiefs
9880:Braves
9608:Uyghur
9583:Somali
9578:Slavic
9563:Romani
9558:Quebec
9553:Polish
9493:Korean
9454:Canada
9441:Indian
9426:Hazara
9401:Fulani
9312:France
9277:Afghan
9207:Sufism
8936:Audism
8869:Social
8798:Height
8606:(2001)
8587:
8564:
8520:Polity
8504:online
8490:
8473:online
8427:
8417:Engage
8410:online
8354:
8287:
8259:
8251:
8198:
8190:
8180:
8134:
8120:89–101
8097:
8074:
7948:
7859:
7804:
7653:
7586:
7532:Gallup
7454:Gallup
7328:3 June
7153:
7128:1 July
7038:18 May
6669:GOV.UK
6512:
6481:
6452:
6395:
6302:5 June
6253:31 May
6074:4 June
6049:4 June
6008:ufm.dk
5967:
5553:Rediff
5223:
5052:
4811:31 May
4666:online
4632:
4570:2 June
4469:
4461:
4453:
4302:
4282:Engage
4255:
4169:
4085:
4056:
4034:,
3978:UNESCO
3448:, and
3425:Gallup
3399:Gallup
3312:Brazil
3128:Canada
3071:, the
3010:Serbia
2935:Norway
2874:France
2848:Europe
2831:Taiwan
2698:Malays
2585:Israel
2579:Israel
2469:debate
2374:, and
2307:Africa
2270:Sweden
2248:quotas
2242:Quotas
2206:Quotas
2172:"take
2079:, and
2001:threat
1855:autism
1578:sexual
1568:racial
1451:Jewish
1302:Pogrom
1280:Chiefs
1270:Braves
990:Uyghur
965:Somali
960:Slavic
945:Romani
940:Quebec
935:Polish
875:Korean
836:Canada
823:Indian
808:Hazara
783:Fulani
694:France
659:Afghan
581:Sufism
302:Audism
233:Social
156:Height
11937:McJob
11457:World
11420:Wages
11282:Break
10928:Roles
10569:white
9922:Purge
9588:Tatar
9513:Māori
9508:Malay
9466:Irish
9416:Greek
9391:Croat
9349:China
9307:Asian
9187:Islam
9061:White
8808:Looks
8773:Class
8768:Caste
8725:Forms
8488:JSTOR
8423:(3).
8257:S2CID
8249:JSTOR
8152:. In
7946:S2CID
7857:JSTOR
7845:(PDF)
7682:: 367
6936:(PDF)
6929:(PDF)
6795:(PDF)
6393:JSTOR
6068:(PDF)
6043:(PDF)
6036:(PDF)
6002:lok.
5822:(PDF)
5436:(PDF)
5134:(PDF)
5123:(PDF)
4541:(3).
4467:S2CID
4459:JSTOR
4328:(PDF)
4321:(PDF)
4167:S2CID
4083:JSTOR
3823:(PDF)
3382:Polls
3277:Māori
2976:Lenin
2686:Sabah
2600:India
2556:China
2543:Ghana
2223:Women
2109:case
1979:white
1312:Purge
970:Tatar
895:Māori
890:Malay
848:Irish
798:Greek
773:Croat
731:China
689:Asian
561:Islam
427:White
166:Looks
131:Class
126:Caste
73:Forms
11422:and
11065:and
10832:list
10564:male
10363:Bias
9808:LGBT
9593:Thai
9573:Serb
9436:Igbo
9297:Arab
9066:Male
8855:Size
8835:Rank
8585:ERIC
8562:ISBN
8425:SSRN
8352:OCLC
8285:ISBN
8226:Pdf.
8196:OCLC
8188:LCCN
8178:ISBN
8162:Sage
8132:ISBN
8095:ISBN
8072:ISBN
8057:Pdf.
7915:2016
7884:2012
7802:SSRN
7716:2019
7688:2019
7651:ISBN
7612:2019
7584:ISBN
7539:2017
7513:2017
7461:2013
7414:2014
7330:2012
7307:2012
7265:2023
7239:2023
7210:2013
7188:2013
7151:ISBN
7130:2023
7104:2021
7077:2013
7040:2010
7000:2010
6970:2010
6944:2015
6912:2018
6873:2012
6847:2024
6803:2009
6757:2012
6714:2022
6685:2013
6611:2012
6510:ISBN
6479:ISBN
6450:ISBN
6362:2013
6304:2018
6255:2015
6233:2010
6193:2012
6171:2012
6099:2014
6076:2011
6051:2011
6016:2020
5965:ISBN
5926:2013
5866:2012
5844:link
5785:2021
5758:2021
5736:2020
5710:2020
5683:2020
5660:2020
5634:2020
5607:2020
5586:2020
5560:2018
5535:2019
5509:2019
5483:2020
5447:2017
5380:2017
5323:2012
5297:2023
5276:2024
5254:help
5234:2019
5221:ISBN
5200:2019
5174:2012
5050:ISSN
5016:2010
4994:2010
4968:2010
4942:2012
4920:2012
4898:2012
4813:2015
4787:2011
4747:2024
4698:Pdf.
4648:link
4572:2024
4501:2015
4451:ISSN
4416:2015
4386:2023
4336:2020
4300:SSRN
4253:ISBN
4236:2019
4202:2022
4118:2022
4054:ISBN
4015:2011
3990:2024
3959:2024
3933:2024
3894:2014
3864:2014
3834:2023
3360:The
3136:and
3102:The
3091:and
3051:The
3023:The
2984:USSR
2750:The
2711:The
2688:and
2676:The
2551:Asia
2385:The
2327:The
1974:male
1773:Bias
1198:LGBT
975:Thai
955:Serb
818:Igbo
679:Arab
432:Male
213:Size
193:Rank
10955:Job
10167:age
8840:Sex
8763:Age
8528:doi
8400:Pdf
8322:doi
8241:doi
8170:doi
8124:doi
8010:doi
8006:106
7977:doi
7938:doi
7779:doi
7381:doi
6442:doi
6419:hdl
6385:doi
6335:hdl
6327:doi
6278:doi
6126:doi
5415:doi
5346:doi
5098:doi
5042:doi
4622:doi
4595:doi
4543:doi
4443:doi
4290:doi
4157:hdl
4149:doi
3003:".
2886:).
2802:of
2268:In
2066:or
1563:age
198:Sex
121:Age
12563::
8630:.
8581:15
8579:.
8524:53
8522:.
8484:45
8482:.
8421:12
8419:.
8395:15
8393:.
8387:.
8376:15
8374:.
8368:.
8350:.
8316:.
8312:.
8255:.
8247:.
8235:.
8214:.
8194:.
8186:.
8176:.
8164:;
8130:,
8122:,
8066:.
8052:77
8050:.
8044:.
8004:.
8000:.
7971:.
7967:.
7944:.
7934:54
7932:.
7901:.
7853:57
7851:.
7847:.
7823:.
7775:57
7773:.
7731:,
7707:.
7696:^
7680:11
7678:.
7674:.
7629:^
7603:.
7530:.
7504:.
7485:.
7481:.
7452:.
7422:^
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