991:
community began to appropriate
Buddhist temples in an attempt to build "cloisters" of tax exempt wealth. (But in 1109, an imperial decree stopped wealthy laymen from funding these temples and four years later in 1113 these temples lost their tax-exempt status. By 1129 it was estimated that 5,000 of these certificates were sold on an annual basis.) Some laymen even purchased their own ordination to avoid taxes. This way they would not have to pay money to the state, nor keep the Buddhist precepts since they were not real clergy. With an uneven balance of clergy and civilians, the state lost a major source of taxes and military personnel.
48:
3950:
3961:
1359:
1346:
967:
629:
1336:
929:(斤) (roughly 2.5 kilograms) of copper; lesser weights brought lesser penalties), but it is unclear how many Buddhist monks, nuns, or lay persons were executed under the requirements of the edicts. Traditional historical accounts conflict on the issue of whether there was suppression of Buddhist doctrines or practice, although they, in unison, showed a lack of evidence of massacres. The
983:‘Buddhist law society’ , clandestinely being loose in their morals.” An edict in 1035 offered a substantial reward, thirty strings of cash, to anyone who was able to seize such sectaries or who informed on them leading to their capture. (Note that thirty strings of cash was the estimated cost to the state of supporting a postal worker for one year.) This report concerned the western
982:
A report from the late 920s, on heretical
Buddhist believers, comments that “sometimes Buddhist clergy and laity are ignorant and thoughtless. Men and women live together illicitly, forming themselves into groups, gathering at night and dispersing at dawn, speciously proclaiming and handing down a
990:
Constant wars drained China of money. This forced the court to raise taxes and to sell
Buddhist “ordination certificates" (to prove a monk's tax, work, and military exempt status) in order to boost revenue. In 1067 these certificates became official policy. As a result, rich members of the lay
885:, and the large municipalities and each circuit were each allowed to maintain one temple with no more than 20 monks. More than 4,600 temples were destroyed empirewide, and more than 260,000 monks and nuns were forced to return to civilian life. The persecution lasted for twenty months before
861:" in an effort to appropriate war funds by stripping Buddhism of its financial wealth and to drive "foreign" influences from Tang China. Wuzong forced all Buddhist clergy into lay life or into hiding and confiscated their property. During this time, followers of
925:(951–960), due to the need for copper, ordered that Buddha statues be destroyed so that copper could be used to mint coins. His edict was issued at the threat of death (if one illegally continued to possess more than five
892:
Several reasons led to the proscriptions, among them the accumulated wealth by the monasteries and the case that many people entered the
Buddhist community to escape military service and tax duty, which lasted through the
998:(1021–1086), the state began to take on social welfare functions previously provided by Buddhist monasteries, instituting public orphanages, hospitals, dispensaries, hospices, cemeteries, and reserve granaries.
830:
had the monastery renovated. Compared to the first
Disaster of Wu, the second was relatively bloodless. When it officially ended was difficult to gauge, but it was probably over by the time that his son
822:
images destroyed and their clergy returned to lay life. He believed the temples had become too rich and powerful, so he confiscated their land and gave it to his own soldiers. During this time, the
897:. The increase in the number of temples and priests and nuns put financial pressure on the state, which prompted the successive dynasties to regulate Buddhism. A third reason was the rise of the
782:(蓋吳). During the campaign, weapons were located in Buddhist temples, and he therefore believed that Buddhists were against him. With encouragement from his also devoutly Taoist prime minister
951:
indicates that there were destructions of temples, and forced return to civilian life for monks and nuns whose vows were not approved of by their parents.
2100:
3015:
1490:
790:
region, the center of Gai's rebellion. The ban against
Buddhism was relaxed in Emperor Taiwu's later years, and formally ended after his grandson
3019:
3243:
110:
1460:
1568:
1303:
1325:
1195:
779:
1173:
1068:
3835:
3287:
3490:
1470:
1059:(《魏书·释老志》):“世祖初继位，亦遵太祖、太宗之业，每引高德沙门，与共谈论。……及得寇谦之道，帝以清净无为，有仙化之证，遂信行其术。时司徒崔浩，博学多闻，帝每访以大事。浩奉谦之道，尤不信佛，与帝言，数加非毁，常谓虚诞，为世费害，帝以其辩博，颇信之。”
4011:
3991:
17:
1653:
1495:
1126:
Chinese records state
Zoroastrianism and Christianity were regarded as heretical forms of Buddhism during this time. (see
1082:
3830:
1236:
1214:
3996:
3727:
3277:
1372:
659:
105:
62:
877:
were persecuted as well. The ban was not a complete ban; two
Buddhist temples were permitted in both the main capital
3986:
1573:
1260:
1115:
947:
937:
886:
3820:
3505:
3250:
858:
844:
791:
3897:
3887:
1716:
1127:
3842:
3495:
3297:
3188:
3133:
1706:
1032:
771:
725:
677:
3812:
3510:
3193:
1485:
1318:
1185:
Chinese
History - Tang 唐 (618–907), Five Dynasties 五代 (907–960), Ten States 十國 (902–979) religion and customs
984:
832:
827:
763:
689:
588:
283:
1097:《续高僧传》（卷二十三）：“数百年来官私佛寺，扫地并尽！融刮圣容，焚烧经典。禹贡八州见成寺庙，出四十千，并赐王公，充为第宅；三方释子，减三百万，皆复为民，还为编户。三宝福财，其赀无数，簿录入官，登即赏费，分散荡尽。”
3395:
3267:
3238:
2940:
533:
308:
268:
3086:
2995:
2465:
2110:
1623:
1518:
807:
697:
2630:
786:, Emperor Taiwu ordered Buddhism abolished under penalty of death, and slaughtered the Buddhists in the
3935:
3415:
2891:
2377:
1500:
1333:
2825:
3825:
3638:
3628:
3500:
2483:
2063:
1824:
1799:
408:
1849:
218:
3930:
3282:
3096:
3074:
3067:
2970:
2503:
2123:
1939:
1884:
1505:
1311:
413:
363:
3867:
3847:
3178:
3158:
2915:
2645:
1889:
573:
4006:
3877:
3717:
3385:
3355:
3128:
3079:
2920:
2868:
2863:
2625:
2446:
2343:
2095:
2090:
1839:
1184:
850:
705:
652:
388:
373:
353:
278:
273:
188:
95:
2207:
688:
carried out on four occasions from the 5th through the 10th century by four
Chinese emperors:
4001:
3882:
3852:
3433:
3365:
3198:
3113:
3108:
3032:
3027:
2945:
1475:
593:
583:
538:
2498:
3905:
3872:
3857:
3375:
3272:
3218:
3103:
3042:
3010:
3005:
2990:
2975:
2965:
2930:
2843:
2535:
2458:
1761:
1701:
1450:
1417:
1367:
945:
indicated that people who had dependents were disallowed from becoming monks or nuns. The
603:
563:
558:
523:
368:
248:
156:
141:
85:
57:
3745:
2360:
2229:
2155:
2031:
1769:
8:
4016:
3712:
3591:
3425:
3400:
3390:
3350:
3327:
3210:
3183:
3143:
3062:
3052:
2980:
2907:
2338:
2195:
1976:
1954:
1906:
1726:
1526:
1382:
1362:
613:
568:
506:
446:
383:
328:
323:
78:
67:
1686:
1613:
3775:
3680:
3522:
3485:
3480:
3410:
3360:
3307:
3302:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3138:
3123:
3118:
3057:
3037:
3000:
2925:
2730:
2431:
2355:
2233:
2175:
2016:
1916:
1844:
1819:
1465:
1395:
598:
578:
518:
513:
401:
303:
296:
223:
213:
120:
3574:
3953:
3915:
3611:
3596:
3559:
3544:
3317:
3233:
3148:
2985:
2950:
2935:
2662:
2652:
2333:
2180:
2165:
2036:
1959:
1879:
1814:
1746:
1633:
1390:
1256:
1111:
1012:
823:
645:
543:
528:
333:
208:
151:
115:
100:
31:
2897:
1691:
1591:
3601:
3554:
3549:
3405:
3370:
3345:
3340:
3091:
3047:
2960:
2635:
2291:
2284:
2068:
2058:
1944:
1608:
1480:
1139:
1108:
The Kaifeng Stone Inscriptions: The Legacy of the Jewish Community in Ancient China
1022:
1017:
905:
philosophies destroyed the social system of duty and rights of the upper and lower
608:
553:
483:
473:
338:
2680:
3965:
3910:
3862:
3790:
3660:
3458:
3438:
3380:
3292:
2955:
2853:
2700:
2436:
2419:
2404:
2382:
1934:
1804:
1638:
1618:
1240:
1218:
1086:
814:
calling for the "abolition of Buddhism". In 574 and again in 577, Emperor Wu had
743:
633:
548:
348:
258:
203:
2710:
1864:
1854:
1292:
On Some Factors Responsible for The Antibuddhist Persecution Under The Pei-Ch'ao
198:
3920:
3623:
3473:
3255:
2835:
2815:
2735:
2424:
2414:
2348:
2185:
1671:
1534:
1079:
1037:
931:
874:
750:
of all three emperors who carried out the persecutions included the character "
493:
423:
378:
236:
1155:, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 19, (1/2), 67-105 – via
3980:
3690:
3539:
2848:
2750:
2608:
2409:
2387:
2323:
1994:
1789:
1784:
1676:
1345:
1294:, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 17 (1/2), 261-273 – via
1233:
1211:
901:
who wrote manifests against the foreign religion, believing its monastic and
898:
870:
811:
701:
318:
313:
253:
2148:
2138:
1510:
458:
263:
3780:
3765:
3735:
3685:
3675:
3517:
3312:
2805:
2640:
2518:
2306:
2301:
2128:
1999:
1874:
1335:
1275:
975:
906:
894:
862:
854:
803:
709:
693:
358:
243:
161:
47:
2563:
2548:
2508:
2205:
1869:
1445:
3750:
3579:
2720:
2705:
2488:
2296:
2224:
2004:
1834:
1736:
1583:
1455:
987:
but people accused of similar practices could also be found in the east.
971:
941:
suggest the lack of suppression of doctrines and practices, although the
902:
878:
747:
428:
3740:
2200:
3695:
3653:
3529:
3335:
3260:
2874:
2858:
2820:
2800:
2695:
2670:
2578:
2513:
2493:
2239:
2170:
2041:
1924:
1894:
1829:
1779:
1437:
1427:
1400:
1291:
1152:
995:
922:
717:
433:
193:
90:
2715:
1711:
3670:
3643:
2810:
2685:
2397:
2313:
2190:
2080:
2053:
2046:
2009:
1966:
1929:
1696:
1661:
1628:
1603:
1558:
958:, Emperor Shizong destroyed 3,336 of China's 6,030 Buddhist temples.
918:
787:
713:
478:
453:
3443:
2279:
2133:
1899:
1681:
1550:
1542:
3960:
3800:
3755:
3700:
3665:
3569:
3228:
2795:
2790:
2740:
2675:
2593:
2558:
2553:
2214:
2085:
2073:
1984:
1643:
1340:
1007:
966:
815:
775:
685:
488:
468:
463:
343:
39:
2785:
2775:
2760:
2583:
2453:
1721:
3705:
3648:
3633:
2780:
2770:
2745:
2620:
2615:
2573:
2543:
2475:
2441:
2328:
2269:
2264:
2118:
2021:
1859:
1809:
1596:
1422:
1153:
The Economic Background of The Hui-ch'ang Suppression of Buddhism
1056:
882:
866:
783:
168:
2392:
2160:
889:
ascended the throne and put forth a policy of tolerance in 846.
3785:
3770:
3606:
3468:
3448:
3223:
2885:
2765:
2755:
2690:
2318:
2274:
2259:
2249:
2219:
2143:
2026:
1794:
1666:
1410:
1405:
1027:
819:
767:
733:
628:
183:
178:
173:
136:
3925:
3760:
3618:
3584:
3564:
3534:
3463:
2880:
2725:
2603:
2598:
2568:
2523:
2370:
2365:
2244:
1949:
1774:
1741:
1731:
1295:
1156:
418:
3795:
2588:
2254:
1751:
3453:
1989:
720:. The first three events are collectively known as the
1142:《旧唐书·武宗纪》（卷一八上）：“还俗僧尼二十六万五百人，收充两税户”“收奴婢为两税户十五万人”。
3978:
1174:four imperial persecutions of Buddhism in China
762:The first Disaster of Wu started in 446, when
1319:
653:
2101:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1326:
1312:
660:
646:
994:During the Prime-Ministry of "Reformer"
965:
826:was closed but later reopened after the
3288:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
742:); they were named as such because the
14:
3979:
3491:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1271:
1269:
794:, a Buddhist, took the throne in 452.
1307:
1169:
1167:
1080:History of the Shaolin Kung Fu Temple
1255:. Cambridge University Press, 1993 (
684:) were the wholesale suppression of
1266:
1245:
674:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
24:
3278:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1284:
1164:
956:Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
806:(衛元嵩) submitted a memorial to the
111:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
106:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
4028:
1276:Song Dynasty Renaissance 960-1279
1230:Old History of the Five Dynasties
1208:New History of the Five Dynasties
948:Old History of the Five Dynasties
938:New History of the Five Dynasties
3959:
3949:
3948:
3506:Thai temple art and architecture
3251:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1491:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1357:
1344:
1334:
1128:Chapter 5: Christianity in China
845:Huichang Persecution of Buddhism
792:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei
627:
46:
1358:
1223:
1201:
1189:
1178:
859:Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution
802:In 567, former Buddhist priest
3496:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3298:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2378:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1569:Places where the Buddha stayed
1145:
1133:
1120:
1100:
1091:
1073:
1062:
1050:
1033:The Northern Celestial Masters
772:the Northern Celestial Masters
738:
729:
681:
13:
1:
3511:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
961:
833:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou
828:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou
764:Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei
4012:Religion in the Tang dynasty
3992:History of Buddhism in China
3268:Buddhism and the Roman world
3244:Decline of Buddhism in India
3239:History of Buddhism in India
1339: Topics in
309:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
2466:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2206:
1253:Law and Order in Sung China
1110:New York: iUniverse, 2006.
1085:September 18, 2006, at the
1001:
881:and the subsidiary capital
10:
4033:
3416:The unanswerable questions
1239:February 18, 2006, at the
1043:
842:
3997:Religious policy in China
3944:
3896:
3811:
3726:
3501:Buddhist temples in Korea
3424:
3326:
3209:
2906:
2834:
2661:
2534:
2474:
2109:
2064:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1975:
1967:Three planes of existence
1915:
1760:
1652:
1582:
1574:Buddha in world religions
1436:
1381:
1353:
1217:October 11, 2007, at the
912:
797:
3987:Persecution of Buddhists
3283:Persecution of Buddhists
2504:Four stages of awakening
1885:Three marks of existence
1471:Physical characteristics
838:
835:took the throne in 578.
757:
2646:Ten principal disciples
1529:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1299:(subscription required)
1290:Ch'En, Kenneth (1954).
1160:(subscription required)
1151:Ch'en, Kenneth (1956).
329:Philosophical reasoning
3356:Buddhism and democracy
2869:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2864:Chinese Buddhist canon
2096:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2091:Early Buddhist schools
979:
96:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3366:Eight Consciousnesses
1476:Life of Buddha in art
969:
812:Northern Zhou dynasty
722:Three Disasters of Wu
702:Northern Zhou dynasty
364:Aids to Enlightenment
189:Dependent Origination
18:Three Disasters of Wu
3843:East Asian religions
3273:Buddhism in the West
2844:Early Buddhist texts
2459:Four Right Exertions
1925:Ten spiritual realms
1418:Noble Eightfold Path
921:(r. 954–959) of the
810:(r. 561–578) of the
694:Northern Wei dynasty
334:Devotional practices
157:Noble Eightfold Path
3966:Religion portal
3713:Temple of the Tooth
3592:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2631:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2124:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1907:Two truths doctrine
1727:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1527:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1251:McKnight, Brian E.
774:, was fighting the
634:Buddhism portal
507:Buddhism by country
269:Sanskrit literature
3888:Western philosophy
3486:Dzong architecture
3308:Vipassana movement
3303:Buddhist modernism
2731:Emperor Wen of Sui
2499:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2432:Threefold Training
2234:Vipassana movement
1950:Hungry Ghost realm
1770:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1717:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1466:Great Renunciation
1461:Eight Great Events
1343:
980:
923:Later Zhou dynasty
718:Later Zhou dynasty
121:Buddhist modernism
3974:
3973:
3612:Om mani padme hum
3318:Women in Buddhism
3234:Buddhist councils
3104:Western countries
2892:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2653:Shaolin Monastery
2230:Samatha-vipassanā
1840:Pratītyasamutpāda
1644:Metteyya/Maitreya
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1391:Four Noble Truths
1013:Buddhism in China
954:According to the
824:Shaolin Monastery
670:
669:
152:Four Noble Truths
16:(Redirected from
4024:
3964:
3963:
3952:
3951:
3791:Sacred languages
3639:Maya Devi Temple
3602:Mahabodhi Temple
3406:Secular Buddhism
3371:Engaged Buddhism
2211:
2059:Tibetan Buddhism
2010:Vietnamese Thiền
1609:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1249:
1243:
1227:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1149:
1143:
1140:Old Book of Tang
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1023:Neo-Confucianism
1018:Chinese Buddhism
887:Emperor Xuanzong
744:posthumous names
740:
731:
683:
662:
655:
648:
632:
631:
359:Sublime abidings
50:
27:
26:
21:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4021:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3958:
3940:
3892:
3807:
3722:
3459:Ordination hall
3420:
3322:
3293:Buddhist crisis
3205:
2902:
2854:Mahayana sutras
2830:
2826:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2657:
2530:
2470:
2420:Bodhisattva vow
2105:
1971:
1911:
1870:Taṇhā (Craving)
1805:Five hindrances
1756:
1648:
1578:
1432:
1377:
1349:
1332:
1298:
1287:
1285:Further reading
1282:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1250:
1246:
1241:Wayback Machine
1228:
1224:
1219:Wayback Machine
1206:
1202:
1196:s:zh:資治通鑑:第292卷
1194:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1106:Tiberiu Weisz,
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:Wayback Machine
1078:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1004:
964:
919:Emperor Shizong
915:
857:initiated the "
849:In 845, Taoist
847:
841:
800:
760:
714:Emperor Shizong
666:
626:
619:
618:
509:
499:
498:
449:
439:
438:
404:
394:
393:
299:
289:
288:
259:Mahayana Sutras
239:
229:
228:
169:Five Aggregates
147:
146:
126:
125:
116:Later Buddhists
81:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3956:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:Greco-Buddhist
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3474:Burmese pagoda
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3256:Greco-Buddhism
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:United Kingdom
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:Czech Republic
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2898:Abhidharmadīpa
2895:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:B. R. Ambedkar
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Songtsen Gampo
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Eight precepts
2412:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2186:Five Strengths
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1825:Mental factors
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:Mahamoggallāna
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1592:Avalokiteśvara
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1265:
1244:
1222:
1200:
1188:
1177:
1163:
1144:
1132:
1119:
1099:
1090:
1072:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:Shaolin Temple
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1003:
1000:
963:
960:
932:Zizhi Tongjian
914:
911:
899:Neo-Confucians
875:Zoroastrianism
851:Emperor Wuzong
843:Main article:
840:
837:
799:
796:
759:
756:
739:sān wǔ zhī huò
706:Emperor Wuzong
668:
667:
665:
664:
657:
650:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:
621:
620:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
426:
424:Pratyekabuddha
421:
416:
411:
405:
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
386:
381:
379:Buddhist chant
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
300:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
237:Buddhist texts
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
165:
164:
154:
148:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
82:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4029:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:Northern Zhou
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3728:Miscellaneous
3725:
3719:
3718:Vegetarianism
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Buddha in art
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:United States
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Padmasambhava
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2663:Major figures
2660:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:Western tulku
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Five precepts
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Dhamma vicaya
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Buddhābhiṣeka
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Enlightenment
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Dhamma theory
1788:
1786:
1785:Buddha-nature
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Samantabhadra
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:0-521-41121-1
1258:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1116:0-595-37340-2
1113:
1109:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1069:Wei Yüan-sung
1065:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
992:
988:
986:
978:(960-1279 AD)
977:
973:
968:
959:
957:
952:
950:
949:
944:
940:
939:
934:
933:
928:
924:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:Manichaeanism
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
846:
836:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:who followed
769:
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
735:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Emperor Taiwu
687:
679:
675:
663:
658:
656:
651:
649:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
624:
623:
622:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
508:
503:
502:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
448:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
403:
398:
397:
390:
389:Vegetarianism
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Recollections
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
314:Five precepts
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
279:Chinese canon
277:
275:
274:Tibetan canon
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
233:
232:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
80:
75:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
19:
4002:Northern Wei
3906:Bodhisattvas
3826:Christianity
3821:Baháʼí Faith
3686:Dharmachakra
3676:Prayer wheel
3666:Prayer beads
3434:Architecture
3313:969 Movement
3097:Saudi Arabia
3075:Central Asia
3068:South Africa
2890:
2873:
2806:Panchen Lama
2711:Buddhapālita
2307:Satipatthana
2302:Mindful Yoga
2215:Recollection
2129:Brahmavihara
2000:Japanese Zen
1995:Chinese Chan
1955:Animal realm
1762:Key concepts
1584:Bodhisattvas
1396:Three Jewels
1252:
1247:
1229:
1225:
1207:
1203:
1191:
1180:
1147:
1135:
1122:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1075:
1064:
1052:
993:
989:
981:
976:Song Dynasty
955:
953:
946:
942:
936:
930:
926:
917:In 955, the
916:
895:Song Dynasty
891:
863:Christianity
855:Tang dynasty
848:
804:Wei Yuansong
801:
761:
751:
748:temple names
737:
721:
710:Tang dynasty
673:
671:
339:Merit making
304:Three Jewels
244:Buddhavacana
174:Impermanence
162:Dharma wheel
3751:Dharma talk
3580:Asalha Puja
3376:Eschatology
3179:Switzerland
3159:New Zealand
3087:Middle East
2996:Philippines
2916:Afghanistan
2721:Bodhidharma
2706:Buddhaghosa
2626:Householder
2536:Monasticism
2489:Bodhisattva
2344:Prostration
2297:Mindfulness
2225:Anapanasati
2208:Kammaṭṭhāna
2005:Korean Seon
1945:Asura realm
1940:Human realm
1880:Ten Fetters
1835:Parinirvana
1737:Uppalavanna
1702:Mahākaccana
1687:Mahākassapa
1619:Kṣitigarbha
1614:Ākāśagarbha
1511:Suddhodāna
1456:Four sights
1383:Foundations
972:Bodhisattva
943:New History
903:egalitarian
766:, a devout
574:New Zealand
429:Bodhisattva
414:Four Stages
369:Monasticism
349:Mindfulness
319:Perfections
249:Early Texts
4017:Later Zhou
3981:Categories
3868:Psychology
3848:Gnosticism
3836:Comparison
3831:Influences
3813:Comparison
3696:Bhavacakra
3654:Kushinagar
3629:Pilgrimage
3575:Māgha Pūjā
3530:Bodhi Tree
3346:Buddhology
3336:Abhidharma
3328:Philosophy
3261:Menander I
3129:Costa Rica
3080:Uzbekistan
2921:Bangladesh
2875:Dhammapada
2859:Pali Canon
2821:Ajahn Chah
2801:Dalai Lama
2701:Kumārajīva
2696:Vasubandhu
2671:The Buddha
2579:Zen master
2514:Sakadagami
2494:Buddhahood
2425:Pratimokṣa
2240:Shikantaza
2196:Meditation
2171:Deity yoga
2042:Madhyamaka
1935:Deva realm
1830:Mindstream
1780:Bodhicitta
1692:Aṅgulimāla
1559:Devadatta
1535:Yaśodharā
1438:The Buddha
1428:Middle Way
1210:, vol. 12
996:Wang Anshi
962:Regulation
808:Emperor Wu
698:Emperor Wu
447:Traditions
384:Pilgrimage
324:Meditation
284:Post-canon
264:Pāli Canon
194:Middle Way
91:The Buddha
3936:Festivals
3916:Buddhists
3878:Theosophy
3681:Symbolism
3671:Hama yumi
3644:Bodh Gaya
3411:Socialism
3386:Evolution
3361:Economics
3199:Venezuela
3114:Australia
3109:Argentina
3033:Sri Lanka
3028:Singapore
2946:Indonesia
2908:Countries
2849:Tripiṭaka
2811:Ajahn Mun
2686:Nagarjuna
2681:Aśvaghoṣa
2564:Anagārika
2559:Śrāmaṇerī
2554:Śrāmaṇera
2549:Bhikkhunī
2509:Sotāpanna
2398:Passaddhi
2339:Offerings
2314:Nekkhamma
2191:Iddhipada
2111:Practices
2081:Theravada
2054:Vajrayana
2047:Yogachara
2017:Pure Land
1930:Six Paths
1917:Cosmology
1697:Anuruddha
1672:Sāriputta
1662:Kaundinya
1654:Disciples
1629:Vajrapāṇi
1481:Footprint
1446:Tathāgata
1232:, vol. 5
974:from the
970:A wooden
788:Guanzhong
594:Sri Lanka
584:Singapore
539:Indonesia
479:Vajrayāna
454:Theravāda
409:Awakening
297:Practices
254:Tripiṭaka
224:Cosmology
199:Emptiness
179:Suffering
3954:Category
3883:Violence
3853:Hinduism
3801:Sanskrit
3756:Hinayana
3741:Amitābha
3701:Swastika
3570:Uposatha
3560:Holidays
3545:Calendar
3391:Humanism
3229:Kanishka
3219:Timeline
3043:Thailand
3011:Kalmykia
3006:Buryatia
2991:Pakistan
2976:Mongolia
2971:Maldives
2966:Malaysia
2931:Cambodia
2796:Shamarpa
2791:Nichiren
2741:Xuanzang
2676:Nagasena
2594:Rinpoche
2324:Pāramitā
2166:Devotion
2086:Navayana
2074:Dzogchen
2037:Nichiren
1985:Mahayana
1977:Branches
1855:Saṅkhāra
1604:Mañjuśrī
1561:(cousin)
1553:(cousin)
1521:(mother)
1513:(father)
1501:Miracles
1451:Birthday
1368:Glossary
1341:Buddhism
1237:Archived
1215:Archived
1083:Archived
1008:Buddhism
1002:See also
985:circuits
935:and the
879:Chang'an
816:Buddhist
776:Lushuihu
686:Buddhism
604:Thailand
564:Mongolia
559:Malaysia
524:Cambodia
489:Navayana
469:Hinayana
464:Mahāyāna
374:Lay life
204:Morality
184:Not-self
142:Concepts
101:Councils
86:Timeline
58:Glossary
40:Buddhism
32:a series
30:Part of
3931:Temples
3911:Buddhas
3873:Science
3863:Judaism
3858:Jainism
3776:Lineage
3736:Abhijñā
3706:Thangka
3649:Sarnath
3634:Lumbini
3555:Funeral
3550:Cuisine
3426:Culture
3401:Reality
3351:Creator
3341:Atomism
3211:History
3184:Ukraine
3144:Germany
3063:Senegal
3053:Vietnam
2981:Myanmar
2781:Shinran
2771:Karmapa
2746:Shandao
2716:Dignāga
2641:Śrāvaka
2621:Donchee
2616:Kappiya
2574:Sayadaw
2544:Bhikkhu
2519:Anāgāmi
2476:Nirvana
2442:Samadhi
2329:Paritta
2270:Tonglen
2265:Mandala
2220:Smarana
2201:Mantras
2149:Upekkha
2119:Bhavana
2069:Shingon
2022:Tiantai
1875:Tathātā
1865:Śūnyatā
1860:Skandha
1850:Saṃsāra
1845:Rebirth
1820:Kleshas
1810:Indriya
1712:Subhūti
1597:Guanyin
1551:Ānanda
1543:Rāhula
1423:Nirvana
1363:Outline
1057:Wei Shu
1044:Sources
907:classes
883:Luoyang
867:Judaism
853:of the
784:Cui Hao
754:" (武).
726:Chinese
716:of the
708:of the
700:of the
692:of the
678:Chinese
614:Vietnam
569:Myanmar
484:Tibetan
474:Chinese
402:Nirvāṇa
219:Saṃsāra
214:Rebirth
79:History
68:Outline
3926:Sutras
3921:Suttas
3786:Siddhi
3771:Koliya
3746:Brahmā
3661:Poetry
3607:Mantra
3597:Kasaya
3469:Pagoda
3449:Kyaung
3444:Vihāra
3439:Temple
3381:Ethics
3224:Ashoka
3174:Sweden
3169:Poland
3164:Norway
3154:Mexico
3139:France
3124:Canada
3119:Brazil
3058:Africa
3038:Taiwan
3001:Russia
2926:Bhutan
2886:Vinaya
2766:Naropa
2756:Saraha
2691:Asanga
2447:Prajñā
2356:Refuge
2319:Nianfo
2280:Tertön
2275:Tantra
2260:Ganana
2250:Tukdam
2176:Dhyāna
2144:Mudita
2139:Karuṇā
2032:Risshū
2027:Huayan
1960:Naraka
1900:Anattā
1895:Dukkha
1890:Anicca
1795:Dharma
1747:Channa
1682:Ānanda
1667:Assaji
1634:Skanda
1537:(wife)
1506:Family
1486:Relics
1411:Sangha
1406:Dharma
1401:Buddha
1259:
1114:
1028:Taoism
913:Fourth
820:Taoist
798:Second
780:Gai Wu
778:rebel
768:Taoist
736::
734:pinyin
728::
712:, and
682:三武一宗法難
680::
599:Taiwan
579:Russia
519:Brazil
514:Bhutan
434:Buddha
354:Wisdom
137:Dharma
3898:Lists
3766:Kalpa
3761:Iddhi
3624:Music
3619:Mudra
3585:Vassa
3565:Vesak
3535:Budai
3481:Candi
3464:Stupa
3396:Logic
3149:Italy
3048:Tibet
2986:Nepal
2956:Korea
2951:Japan
2941:India
2936:China
2881:Sutra
2836:Texts
2786:Dōgen
2776:Hōnen
2761:Atiśa
2726:Zhiyi
2636:Achar
2604:Tulku
2599:Geshe
2584:Rōshi
2569:Ajahn
2524:Arhat
2484:Bodhi
2454:Vīrya
2371:Sacca
2366:Satya
2361:Sādhu
2349:Music
2292:Merit
2285:Terma
2245:Zazen
2181:Faith
2134:Mettā
1815:Karma
1775:Bardo
1742:Asita
1732:Khema
1722:Upāli
1707:Nanda
1545:(son)
1519:Māyā
1496:Films
1373:Index
1296:JSTOR
1157:JSTOR
839:Third
758:First
609:Tibet
549:Korea
544:Japan
534:India
529:China
494:Newar
419:Arhat
209:Karma
63:Index
3796:Pāḷi
3781:Māra
3691:Flag
3092:Iran
3016:Tuva
2961:Laos
2589:Lama
2437:Śīla
2405:Śīla
2393:Pīti
2383:Sati
2334:Puja
2255:Koan
2161:Dāna
1752:Yasa
1639:Tārā
1257:ISBN
1112:ISBN
873:and
818:and
730:三武之禍
672:The
554:Laos
459:Pāli
3518:Art
3454:Wat
1990:Zen
927:jin
746:or
3983::
3020:ru
1268:^
1235:.
1213:.
1166:^
909:.
869:,
865:,
752:Wu
732:;
704:,
696:,
589:US
34:on
3022:)
3018:(
2236:)
2232:(
1327:e
1320:t
1313:v
1263:)
1198:.
1130:)
724:(
676:(
661:e
654:t
647:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
