Anti-Polish sentiment

3514: 2651: 3054: 2135: 3460:, which suggests that "Polish jokes" did not originate in Nazi Germany but much earlier, as an outgrowth of regional jokes rooted in "social class differences reaching back to the nineteenth century." According to Davies, American versions of Polish jokes are an unrelated "purely American phenomenon" and do not express the "historical Old World hatreds of the Germans for the Poles. However, Hollywood in the 1960s and 1970s imported the subhuman-intelligence jokes about Poles from old Nazi propaganda." 2335: 8790: 2513: 11532: 9577: 3972: 2834: 9597: 8778: 2036: 53: 2710: 3171:. Reviewers have often noted that Hoggan seems to have an obsessive hostility towards the Poles. His claims included that the Polish government treated Poland's German minority far worse than the German government under Adolf Hitler treated its Jewish minority. In 1964, much controversy was created when two German right-wing extremist groups awarded Hoggan prizes. In the 1980s, the German philosopher and historian 11542: 9587: 3958:." Fox later apologised on 20 November 2007. It vowed never to broadcast the line of dialogue again either in repeats and/or syndicated broadcasts. Fox stated that, "The line was delivered by a character who is known for being ignorant, clueless, and saying outlandish things. Allowing the line to remain in the show, however, demonstrated poor judgment, and we apologise to anyone who was offended." 2498:. Swedish invaders, joined force with Russian invaders in the east, together destroyed Poland and took away many of the Polish national treasures, as well as committing atrocities against Poles. The Poles were treated very brutally by Swedes, and as a result, Poland lost its wealth and was reduced in its development. Similar to Russia, Sweden hailed the destruction of Poland as a national triumph. 3006:, to the Polish troops under his command. Poland's relationship with the USSR during World War II was complicated. The main western Allies, the United States and the United Kingdom, understood the importance of the Soviet Union in defeating Germany, to the point of refusing to condemn Soviet propaganda which vilified their Polish ally. The western Allies were even willing to help cover up the 3028: 5718:"Nazi propagandists convinced some Germans that the invasion of Poland and subsequent occupation policies were justified. For many others, the propaganda reinforced deep-seated anti-Polish sentiment. German soldiers who served in Poland after the invasion wrote letters home, reflecting support for German military intervention to defend ethnic Germans." 2437:" of Canada. In his all-encompassing anti-Polish campaign, even the nobility of Polish background living in Prussia were obliged to pay higher taxes than those of German heritage. Polish monasteries were viewed as "lairs of idleness" and their property often seized by Prussian authorities. The prevalent Catholicism among Poles was stigmatised. The 2415:" (1793 racist diatribe by J.C. Schulz republished by the Nazis in 1941). Prussian officials, eager to secure Polish partition, encouraged the view that the Poles were culturally inferior and in need of Prussian tutelage. Such racist texts, originally published from the 18th century onwards, were republished by the 8389:"In my capacity as president of the Polish Republic – Kwaśniewski said in an official statement – I address, to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, an appeal calling on the Russian authorities to undertake energetic action to identify and punish the organizers and perpetrators of the assaults." 3367:", alleging (as hearsay) that about 40 Jews were killed by a group of Polish insurgents during the 1944 Uprising. Unlike the book (later reprinted with factual corrections), the actual review by Cichy elicited protests, while selected fragments of his article were confirmed by three Polish historians. Prof. 4509:

wzrastający w świecie antypolonizm ma to samo źródło co antysemityzm: niechęć do ludzi słabych, chronicznie przez los upośledzonych, ludzi słabych rozpiętością między nadzieją jednostek a nędzą masy, ludzi żyjących w rozproszeniu, ciągle walczących o swą ojczyznę... Mamy więc antypolonizm zażenowany,

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to call on the Russian Government to stop them. An employee with the Polish embassy in Moscow was hospitalised in serious condition after being assaulted in broad daylight near the embassy by unidentified men. Three days later, another Polish diplomat was beaten up near the embassy. The following day

3907:

by a 65-year-old Israeli architect, Arik Lederman, who was arrested following the assault. Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Emmanuel Nahshon said: "We express our fullest sympathy to the ambassador and our shock at the attack," while the suspect apologized and said he had been provoked earlier by a

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in his controversial and widely criticized speech delivered on 26 August 1989 (and retracted in 1991) argued that the outbursts of antisemitism are a "legitimate form of national self-defence against Jewish anti-Polonism." He "asked Jews who 'have great power over the mass media in many countries' to

3604:" whose reporters "won't dare refer to controversial immigration from other countries." Kawczynski voiced his criticism of the BBC in the House of Commons for "using the Polish community as a cat's paw to try to tackle the thorny issue of mass, unchecked immigration" only because against Poles "it's 3488:

has resulted in a number of complaints by the Polonia in the US. The "Polish jokes" heard in the 1970s were particularly offensive, so much so that the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs approached the U.S. State Department about that, however unsuccessfully. The syndrome receded only after Cardinal

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organizations have made continuous effort to challenge the negative stereotyping of the Polish people once prevalent in American media. The Polish American Guardian Society has argued that NBC-TV used the tremendous power of TV to introduce and push subhuman intelligence jokes about Poles (that were

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in considerable numbers, fleeing mass persecution at home. They were taking the only jobs available to them, usually requiring physical labor. The same ethnic and job-related stereotypes persisted even as Polish Americans joined the middle class in the mid-20th century. "The constant derision, often

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suppressed them on Polish lands by force. The Russian anti-Polish campaign, which included confiscation of Polish nobles' property, was waged in the areas of education, religion as well as language. Polish schools and universities were closed in a stepped-up campaign of russification. In addition to

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washing their hands of everything. This silence can no longer be tolerated. Whatever the incentives - it is despicable. Whoever is silent in the face of murder - becomes the murderer's accomplice. Who does not condemn - allows. ...our feelings towards the Jews have not changed. We continue to think

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described Poles, as animals (wolves), that "one shoots if one can" and implemented several harsh laws aimed at their expulsion from traditionally Polish lands. The Polish language was banned from public use, and ethnically Polish children punished at school for speaking Polish. Poles were subjected

3650:

said: "We are meant to be friendly towards the newest members of the European Union. But the truth is that several of these "emerging democracies" have reverted to a brand of ultra-nationalistic politics that would repel most voters in western Europe. It exists in Poland". In response to the above

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stated in its 30 January 2005, press release: "This is not a mere semantic matter. Historical integrity and accuracy hang in the balance.... Any misrepresentation of Poland's role in the Second World War, whether intentional or accidental, would be most regrettable and therefore should not be left

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claimed that in 1939 Poland was engaged in a campaign of genocide against its ethnic German minority, and has strongly implied that the German invasion in 1939, and all of the subsequent German atrocities in Poland during World War II were in essence justified acts of retaliation. Critics, such as

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The growing anti-Polonism in the world has the same source as antisemitism: aversion to weak people, chronically handicapped by the fate of the handicapped, weak people by the difference between the hope of individuals and the poverty of the masses, people living scattered, constantly fighting for

4151:

In February 2012, Geert Wilders's Freedom Party launched a "hotline" to collect complaints about Poles and other Eastern Europeans. The website caused criticism from politicians for being "anti-Polish". The Polish embassy in the Netherlands requested the Dutch government to shut down the website.

3879:

said, "Poles collaborated with the Nazis, definitely. Collaborated with the Nazis. As (former Israeli Prime Minister) Yitzhak Shamir said — his father was murdered by Poles — he said that from his point of view they sucked anti-Semitism with their mothers' milk. You can't sugarcoat this history."

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In Britain after 1945, the British populace accepted the Polish servicemen who chose not to return to a Poland ruled by the communist regime in their decision to stay on in Britain. The Poles resident in Britain served under British command during the war, but as soon as the Soviets began to make

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asserted that (at the time of the writing of the book) there were "no Ukrainian organizations and press organs that specialize in anti-Polish propaganda". However different interpretations of these bitter World War II events have led to a sharp deterioration of the relations between the nations

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The ambassador, Tuge-Erecinska, explained that the article was "unsupported by any basic historic or geographic knowledge," and that "the issue of Polish-Jewish relations has been unfairly and deeply falsified" by Coren's "aggressive remarks" and "contempt". Coren reacted by telling

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as the largest foreign-born country of origin in 2015 (831,000 Poles to 795,000 Indian-born persons). Anti-Polish sentiment in the UK is often related to the issue of immigration. There have been some instances of anti-Polish sentiment and hostility towards Polish immigrants. The

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that "almost all Poles react very sharply when confronted with the charge that Poles get their anti-Semitism 'with their mothers' milk'." Such verbal attacks – according to Michnik – are interpreted by anti-Semites as "proof of the international anti-Polish Jewish conspiracy".

3336:. In her view, the charge is "not limited to arguments that can objectively be classified as anti-Polish—such as equating the Poles with the Nazis—but rather applied to any critical inquiry into the collective past. Moreover, anti-Polonism is equated with anti-Semitism." 4842:

Frederick's own views... were expressed in unflattering New World parallels. They were like: "Iroquois... a barbarous people sunk in ignorance and stupidity" (note the metaphorical undertones of the French verb "croupir" -sunk in, wallowing in, stagnating). Page 8 of

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publicly disseminated through the mass media, caused serious identity crises, feeling of inadequacy, and low self-esteem for many Polish Americans." In spite of the plight of Polish people under Cold War communism, negative stereotypes about Polish Americans endured.

7437: 2275:. Historic actions inspired by anti-Polonism ranged from felonious acts motivated by hatred, to physical extermination of the Polish nation, the goal of which was to eradicate the Polish state. During World War II, when most of Polish society became the object of 3044:

of them as Poland's political, ideological and economic enemies. What's more, we are aware that they hate us more than they hate the Germans, that they think us responsible for their tragedy. Why, on what ground - that remains a mystery of the Jewish soul."

2866:

In October 1939, Directive No.1306 of Nazi Germany's Propaganda Ministry stated: "It must be made clear even to the German milkmaid that Polishness equals subhumanity. Poles, Jews and Gypsies are on the same inferior level... This should be brought home as a

3785:. Fry has since posted an apology on his personal weblog, in which he stated: "It was a rubbishy, cheap and offensive remark that I have been regretting ever since... I take this opportunity to apologize now." On 30 October 2009, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, 2729:) for a situation of hopeless muddle. Weinberg noted that in the 1920s–30s, leading German politicians refused to accept Poland as a legitimate nation, and hoped instead to partition Poland, probably with the help of the Soviet Union. The British historian 2386:

a Christian convert, ought to be murdered. The assertion that Poles were heretical was largely politically motivated as the Teutonic Order desired to conquer Polish lands despite Christianity having become the dominant religion in Poland centuries prior.

3641:

alleged that: "the second world war narrative has been distorted since independence and the transition to democracy to make it more palatable to their electorate and to minimize the role of local collaborators in Holocaust crimes." On 20 October 2009,

4100:

expressed his concerns with appointment to high Ukrainian offices of people expressing nationalistic anti-Polish views. The Ukrainian foreign ministry stated that there is no general anti-Polish sentiment in Ukraine. In 2017, Polish Foreign Minister

2505:, creating chaos and prevented reforms, as by Russian accords, was against the ideal of Imperial Russia's future plan to partition Poland. Russia often sent troops and carried out atrocities on Polish civilians. When Poland adopted its first ever 2248:

described the forcible suppression of Polish culture, education and religion in historically Polish territories, and the gradual elimination of Poles from everyday life as well as from owning property. Anti-Polish policies were implemented by the

6977: 2547:. – "Practically all of the Russian government, bureaucracy, and society were united in one outburst against the Poles." – "Rumor mongers informed the population about an order that had supposedly been given to kill and take away their land." 2575:

ideology, Russian writers accused the Polish nation of betraying their "Slavic family" because of their armed efforts aimed at winning independence. Hostility toward Poles was present in many of Russia's literary works and media of the time.

2322:" cliché may symbolize the threat of cheap labor from poorer European countries to "steal" low-paying jobs in wealthier parts of Europe. On the other hand, others associate it with affordability and dependability of European migrant workers. 10558: 7367: 1010: 7561: 2779:

to be on Polish hand, cemented anti-Polish sentiment. Virtually throughout the inter-war, anti-Polish had been omnipresent in Lithuania, and Polish minority in Lithuania faced a very harsh repression by the Lithuanian authorities. The

2694:, who served as part of the British delegation, was seen as one of the biggest enemies of the newly independent Polish state in the British political sphere and in the newly-independent Poland. Namier modified the previously-proposed 3867:

ambassador to Poland, said that "We need to work to reduce anti-Semitism, but work is also needed for there to be less anti-Polish sentiment" and "Anti-Polonism occurs not only in Israel, but also in Jewish circles outside Israel."

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gains on the Eastern Front both public opinion and the government turned increasingly pro-Soviet. Socialist supporters of the Soviet Union made the Poles out to be "warmongers", "anti-Semites" and "fascists". After the war, the

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at the end of World War I, the question of new Polish borders could not have been easily settled against the will of her former long-term occupiers. Poles continued to be persecuted in the disputed territories, especially in

2927:" and political prisons. Reprisals against partisan activities were brutal; on one occasion 1,200 Poles were murdered in retaliation for the death of one German officer and two German officials. In August 2009 the Polish 2410:

and exploited by the Nazis. German academics between the 18th and 20th centuries attempted to project, in the difference between Germany and Poland, a "boundary between civilization and barbarism; high German Kultur and

8725:'Erbfeindschaften': Antipolonismus, Preußen- und Deutschlandhaß, deutsche Ostforschung und polnische Westforschung, Deutschland und Polen im 20. Jahrhundert, red. U. A. J. Bechner, W. Borodziej, t. Maier, Hannover 2001 4883: 4135:, a German Social Democrat, criticized the Duda's government in Poland and referred it as a "coup". This had led to criticism in Poland, although Polish government had downplayed the issue. In 2020, President of Poland 7922: 3789:, complained about this new British political row playing on a "'false and painful stereotype that all Poles are antisemitic', whereas the truth was that the problem was around the same there as elsewhere in Europe." 3312:

and a former presidential candidate. Bubel was taken to court by a group of ten Polish intellectuals who filed a lawsuit against him for "violating the public good". Among the signatories were former Foreign Minister

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who on behalf of the Teutonic Order argued not only that Polish pagans should be killed, but that all Poles should be subject to genocide on the grounds that Poles were an inherently heretical race and that even the

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wrote in 1945 that National Socialism was inevitable because the Germans wanted "to repudiate the equality with the peoples of (central and) eastern Europe which had then been forced upon them" after 1918.

7671: 7020: 3771:. During the interview, Fry stated: "There has been a history, let's face it, in Poland of a right-wing Catholicism which has been deeply disturbing for those of us who know a little history, and remember 3328:, the term is used in Poland also as an argument against the self-critical intellectuals who discuss Polish-Jewish relations, accusing them of "anti-Polish positions and interests." For example, historian 6660:

Tomasz Szarota, Goebbels: 1982 (1939-41): 16, 36–37, 274; 1978. Also: Tomasz Szarota: Stereotyp Polski i Polaków w oczach Niemców podczas II wojny światowej; Bibliografia historii polskiej - 1981. Page

7791: 7633: 5466: 2871:, and from time to time, in the form of existing concepts such as 'Polish economy', 'Polish ruin' and so on, until everyone in Germany sees every Pole, whether farm worker or intellectual, as vermin." 4056:

and the removal of bilingual Polish language street signs (despite Lithuanian laws not permitting such signs) in municipalities with predominantly Polish-speaking population. In 2011, Wałęsa rejected

2279:, anti-Polonism led to an unprecedented campaign of mass murder in German-occupied Poland. In the modern day, among those who often express their hostile attitude towards the Polish people are some 5607: 3892:, "the father of Polish genetic theory" and said: "All right, there were Poles and Hungarians who collaborated, there were and are anti-Semitic Poles and Hungarians. But why generalize? Why be 2638:, aiming at ethnic cleansing of up to 3 million Jewish and Polish people which was meant to be followed by a new wave of settlement by ethnic Germans. In August 1914, the German imperial army 2931:(IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead (including Polish Jews) at between 5.47 and 5.67 million (due to German actions) and 150,000 (due to Soviet), or around 5.62 and 5.82 million total. 2791:

of 1919 resulted in Ukraine crippled militarily and, though Poland did assist Ukraine in the eventual conflict against the Bolsheviks, but was unable to prevent an eventual occupation by the

2623:). The German government financed and encouraged settlement of ethnic Germans into those areas aiming at their geopolitical germanisation. The Prussian Landtag passed laws against Catholics. 8227: 8332: 3281:, Robert Cherry and Annamaria Orla-Bukowska said that anti-Polonism and anti-Semitism remain "grotesquely twinned into our own time. We cannot combat the one without combating the other." 2702:

from Poland with a version called Curzon Line "A". It was sent to Soviet diplomatic representatives for acceptance. The earlier compromised version of Curzon line which was debated at the

10532: 4510:

podstępny, szczery, nienawistny, pogardliwy, bezwzględny. Stajemy się niepopularni jako naród i tak jak w narodzie żydowskim jednostkom tylko przyznaje się prawo do pozyskiwania sympatii.

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In Prussia and later in Germany, Poles were forbidden to build homes, and their properties were targeted for forced buy-outs financed by the Prussian and subsequent German governments.

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by German immigrants relate directly to the wave of American jokes of the early 1960s. A "provocative critique of previous scholarship on the subject" has been made by British writer

7611: 5520: 6329: 4561: 7441: 4877: 7930: 7199: 4676: 4017:

was attacked and beaten up by a group of Russians. It is widely believed that the attacks were organized as revenge for the mugging of four Russian youth in a public park in

3738:, commented on 6 August 2009: "There are few things more despicable than anti-Semitism, but here's one of them: using a false charge of anti-Semitism for political gain." 3394:

states that "Antisemitism is an extensive doctrine with racist or religious grounds that led to the Holocaust. 'Antipolonism' is at best a generalized aversion to Poles."

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The fact that Poles, unlike the Orthodox Russians, were overwhelmingly Roman Catholic gave impetus to their religious persecution. At the same time, with the emergence of

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observed that for many Germans in the Weimar Republic, "Poland was an abomination", Poles were "an East European species of cockroach", Poland was usually described as a

2406:

in 1784. Forster wrote of Poland's "backwardness" in a similar vein to "ignorance and barbarism" of southeast Asia. Such views were later repeated in the German ideas of

4645: 8254: 6448: 4288:

Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009,

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See also, Tomasz Sommer: Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union), article published by The Polish Review vol. LV, No. 4, 2010.

4089:

as part of the broader action of halting the legalization of Polish memorial sites in Ukraine, in a retaliation for the dismantling of a monument to UPA soldiers in

3629:, which the Federation claimed "displayed anti-Polish sentiment". The newspaper denied this was its intention, and the PCC brokered a settlement between the parties. 3265:

said that "these blanket statements are the most destructive actions imaginable," and that they "do irreparable harm" to people seeking Polish-Jewish reconciliation.

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During the political transformation of the Soviet-controlled Eastern bloc in the 1980s, the traditional German anti-Polish feeling was again openly exploited in the

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preference—on their likes and dislikes. Though these jokes might be understood by many, their success depends entirely on the negative disposition of the listener.

3213:. The most prominent is a continued reference by Western news media to "Polish death camps" and "Polish concentration camps". These phrases refer to the network of 2915:

operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia. Millions of citizens of Poland, both ethnic Poles and Jews, died in German

11021: 7046: 7011: 6253: 3815: 2460:, used a number of distortion activities, describing Poles as backward, cruel and heartless, praising the rebellion against Poles; and heavily centered around the 1479: 7813: 7230: 2771:

Outside the Germans and Russians, the Lithuanians also developed a very strong anti-Polish hatred, partly due to historical grievances. For the Lithuanians, the

10082: 8031: 7787: 6393: 3667:– and thence a slide to guilt by association with the Holocaust – is still widespread. This collective stereotyping does no justice to the historical record." 3493:

was elected Pope, and Polish jokes became passé. Gradually, Americans have developed a more positive image of their Polish neighbors in the following decades.

2799:

and the beginning of Ukrainian problem in Poland. Assassinations of Polish officials by Ukrainian nationalists became increasingly frequent from 1930s onward.

520: 7641: 6713: 3225: 3142: 2894: 2816: 2611:. His contribution to the frenzy of anti-Polish writing comprised poems in which he hailed the capitulation of Warsaw as a new "triumph" of imperial Russia. 2110: 5494: 9368: 7565: 6981: 5095: 8709:

Czarna legenda Polski: Obraz Polski i Polaków w Prusach 1772-1815 (The black legend of Poland: the image of Poland and Poles in Prussia between 1772–1815)

2357:

in the 14th century. It was a very important tool in the Order's attempt to conquer the Duchy of Lithuania which eventually failed because of Lithuania's

10285: 5611: 731: 8508: 7663: 8402: 6788: 4086: 3792:

In January 2014, a Polish man, whose helmet was emblazoned with the flag of Poland, claimed he was attacked by a group of fifteen men outside a pub in

2824: 2713:

Anti-Polish cartoons were published in Lithuania during interbellum, which depicting the Poles in the bottom east as a lazy, poor and denegerate people

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by asking: "Is it an attack on Polish people when the past is being explored to seek the truth?". Cichy later apologized for the tone of his article.

11416: 10799: 9520: 7309: 5118: 4540: 2955: 2812: 1890: 1251: 8429: 2996:

at 1943. Lithuanian forces often clash with Polish forces throughout the World War II, and committed massacre on Poles with support from the Nazis.

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writes that before World War II the Soviet authorities carried out a discreditation campaign against the Poles and describes Stalin as Polonophobe.

10236: 8231: 7371: 5213: 3167:, which argued that Germany did not commit aggression against Poland in 1939, but was instead the victim of an Anglo-Polish conspiracy against the 2022: 682: 8322: 6200: 4307: 2969:

In German and Soviet war propaganda, Poles were mocked as inept for their military techniques in fighting the war. Nazi fake newsreels and forged

11578: 3833:

Central and Eastern European pupils, including the Polish ones, have experienced increased levels of xenophobic bullying since the Brexit vote.

2472:, the Russians caused a number of atrocities, and destroyed most of Eastern Poland, sometimes joining destruction with its Ukrainian ally led by 2187:

their homeland... We are becoming unpopular as a nation and, as with the Jewish people, only individuals are granted the right to be sympathetic.

6601: 10157: 2283:

politicians and their far-right political parties who search for a new identity rooted in the defunct Russian Empire after the collapse of the

595: 8183: 5759: 4595: 6078:, New York : Free Press; Toronto : Maxwell Macmillan Canada; New York; Oxford : Maxwell Macmillan International, 1993 page 73. 5525:

Rozstrzelać Polaków. Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim w latach 1937–1938. Dokumenty z Centrali (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)

7282: 7168: 5858:"Over 100,000 slaughtered with axes, pitchforks, scythes and knives: The Wołyń massacre started 76 years ago today and lasted for two years" 4207: 2909:, a campaign of ethnic cleansing carried out in today's western Ukraine by Ukrainian nationalists. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the 10804: 9320: 7603: 5577:"Konferencja "Rozstrzelać Polaków – Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim" (Conference on Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union), Warsaw" 4796:

Johann Georg Forster became Chair of Natural History Department at Vilnius University in 1784 thanks to generous job offer from the Polish

2784:

led to the establishment of relations, but it remained extremely difficult as Lithuania still refused to accept Vilnius as part of Poland.

2529: 1256: 8621: 8157: 8107: 4538:"THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF MASS ETHNOPHOBIAS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. (The Second Half of the 19th Century)." 2390:

Germany, becoming more and more permeated with Teutonic Prussianism, continued to pursue these tactics. For instance, David Blackbourn of

10774: 10378: 9920: 9303: 8694:

Genocide and Rescue in Wolyn: Recollections of the Ukrainian Nationalist, Ethnic Cleansing Campaign Against the Poles During World War II

7459: 6380: 4082: 3180:, have accused Nolte of distorting the facts, and have argued that in no way was Poland committing genocide against its German minority. 3138:

and Labour party played on the fears among the public of there not being enough jobs, food and housing to incite anti-Polish sentiments.

1226: 824: 350: 7108: 6569: 5640: 5191: 5119:"The Crystallization of Ethnic Identity in the Process of Mass Ethnophobias in the Russian Empire (The Second Half of the 19th Century)" 3513: 3484:

worse than prior simple anti-immigrant jokes) using the repetitive big lie technique to degrade Poles. The play called "Polish Joke" by

10067: 6456: 5886: 4999: 3908:

Polish Embassy employee using an anti-Semitic slur against him. The Polish embassy in turn disputed the man's account, and said it has

2750: 505: 8303: 5564: 4493: 2659: 9490: 8722:

Eduard v. Hartmanns Schlagwort vom "Ausrotten der Polen" : Antipolonismus und Antikatholizismus im Kaiserreich / Helmut Neubach.

7190: 7340: 3024:, stereotyped Jews as haters of Poles even as she characterized Poles who remained silent in the face of the Holocaust as complicit: 2764:, for a total of 139,835 Polish victims. This number constitutes 10 per cent of the officially persecuted persons during the entire 10002: 9890: 9633: 9206: 8766:; — based on the materials of a conference on "Polonophilia and Polonophobia of the Russians", Indiana State University, 2000 8526: 6366: 5014: 4680: 3875:

canceled plans for his country to send a delegation to a meeting in Jerusalem on Monday after the acting Israeli foreign minister,

2445: 432: 320: 8143: 7896: 6774: 6634: 9226: 8824: 7870: 5308: 7252: 4576: 2373:. The first major thinker to openly call for the genocide of the Polish people was the 14th century German Dominican theologian 11517: 10241: 10012: 9840: 9825: 9820: 9666: 9562: 4341: 3823: 3772: 3600:, of Polish origin himself, said that the increase in violence towards Poles is in part "a result of the media coverage by the 3297: 3204: 2796: 2210:

Cultural anti-Polish sentiment: a prejudice against Poles and Polish-speaking persons or their customs, language and education;

2179: 1991: 687: 442: 270: 255: 250: 80: 7130: 6279:

Michlic, Joanna (2007). "The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939-41, and the Stereotype of the Anti-Polish and Pro-Soviet Jew".

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nourished a particular hatred and contempt for the Polish people. Following his conquest of Poland, he compared the Poles to "

11545: 10072: 9805: 7952: 6824: 6697: 6424: 6112: 6059: 5923: 5896: 5796: 5373: 5333: 5262: 5024: 4980: 4947: 4759: 4732: 4705: 4415:

Scharf, Rafael F. (19 June 2008). "'The two saddest nations on earth': A Polish Jewish octogenarian looks back and forward".

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In 2007, Polish people living in London reported 42 ethnically motivated attacks against them, compared with 28 in 2004. The

3141:

The myth that Poland had been conducting a genocide against ethnic Germans was invented in 1940 by German nationalist writer

2276: 510: 235: 7847: 6889: 6166: 10580: 9895: 9717: 4139:

accused German media of misinterpreting his words and the German government for being Polonophobe regarding coverage about

4053: 3876: 3612: 3497: 2040: 2015: 1032: 325: 139: 7955:[Pobili Polaka w Londynie. "Kopali i krzyczeli, że ma wracać do Polski"] (in Polish). Wyborcza.pl. 18 January 2014 5820: 4937: 11571: 11226: 10896: 10809: 10700: 10368: 10188: 9830: 9815: 8975: 6583: 5744:

The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II:An International Legal Study

5743: 3095:) and returning veterans of the Polish Armed Forces that had served with the western Allies were imprisoned, tortured by 2742: 1692: 1348: 1261: 1152: 814: 632: 260: 245: 8209: 7222: 6533: 6257: 5871: 5803: 3236:

since 1989, condemned the usage of such expressions, arguing that they suggest Polish responsibility for the camps. The

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Ukrainian and Lithuanian nationalists utilized the increasing racial segregation to foment anti-Polonism. Followers of

2781: 2552: 2138:

About 300 Polish prisoners of war were murdered by the soldiers of the German 15th motorised infantry regiment in the

1246: 714: 8735:

Danusha Goska, "Bieganski: The Brute Polak Stereotype in Polish-Jewish Relations and American Popular Culture", 2010,

6730: 2607:, together with three other poets, published a pamphlet called "On the Taking of Warsaw" to celebrate the crushing of 10442: 10273: 9769: 9747: 9407: 9390: 8852: 8763: 8753: 8740: 8716: 8701: 8679: 7760: 7482: 6740: 6648: 6037: 6012: 5989: 5947: 5788: 5560: 5295: 5223: 5201: 4910: 4140: 4105:

announced plans to bar Ukrainians with anti-Polish views, as a reaction to the disrespect to the Polish cemetery in

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with 'cultivating a species of tolerance that is absolutely intolerant of antisemitism yet regards anti-Polonism and

2928: 2863:

and elsewhere was inflated to 58,000 to increase German hatred of Poles and justify the killing of Polish civilians.

2655: 888: 719: 191: 169: 6619:["Election" continues its "historical politics"] (in Polish). foxx.salon24.pl. 23 April 2008. Archived from 5236: 2982: 2300: 11654: 11179: 11016: 10916: 10373: 10263: 9600: 9356: 9325: 9221: 6471: 4797: 3623:

raised a number of formal complaints – including with the Press Complaints Commission – about news articles in the

3254:

rein in their anti-Polonism because 'if there won't be anti-Polonism, there won't be such antisemitism among us'."

2886: 2808: 2469: 2403: 2102: 1645: 1474: 1368: 819: 709: 5839: 2679:, where Polish workers were openly threatened with losing their jobs and pensions if they voted for Poland in the 2650: 10769: 10280: 10042: 9845: 9308: 5448: 4041: 4025: 3811:

there was seven attacks on Polish houses within ten days, in which stones and bricks were thrown at the windows.

3408:"Polish jokes" belong to a category of conditional jokes, meaning that their understanding requires knowledge of 2113:

were ideologically motivated, the negative attitude of Soviet authorities to the Polish nation is well-attested.

2008: 1221: 726: 480: 275: 8573: 5103: 11649: 11644: 11564: 9905: 9480: 9337: 8711:

Wydawnictwo Poznanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciól Nauk, 1995. Vol. 51 of the history and social sciences series.

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period, with confirming NKVD documents. The prosecuted Polish families were accused of anti-Soviet activities.

2362: 2106: 335: 10047: 5576: 4155:

A 2015 survey showed that 49% of new Polish arrivals in the Netherlands have had to deal with discrimination.

3020:, the Polish resistance group which risked the German death penalty to save Jews, and who herself was sent to 485: 11448: 11164: 9885: 7082: 3031: 2757:

archives, 111,091 Poles, and people accused of ties with Poland, were executed, and 28,744 were sentenced to

2366: 2345:

Anti-Polish rhetoric combined with the condemnation of Polish culture was most prominent in the 18th-century

1922: 1630: 315: 7317: 6551: 4677:"Beneficial immigration: Polish immigrants have changed the UK's economy - and the look of Britain's cities" 3852:, "was murdered in Poland by Germans and Poles". Lapid also wrote that there were "Polish death camps" (see 2845:

Nazi propagandists stereotyped Poles as nationalists in order to portray Germans as victims and justify the

10727: 10675: 9656: 9626: 9550: 9412: 9402: 9395: 9199: 8544: 7745: 6102: 4617: 4128: 4076:, in the context of bitter Polish-Ukrainian relations concerning the mutual massacres during World War II, 3849: 2687: 1179: 1127: 70: 17: 8491:"Poland's Duda urges Ukraine leadership not to appoint to high positions officials with anti-Polish views" 7537: 5122: 4922: 4537: 4363: 3692:' used to describe Polish immigrants. He accused Poland of complicity in the six million Jewish deaths of 3284:

The term "anti-Polonism" is said to have been used for campaign purposes by political parties such as the

3053: 2795:. This had led to enmity against Poland by Ukrainian nationalists, which resulted in the establishment of 11359: 11211: 10630: 10231: 10177: 9427: 9243: 8817: 8426: 5719: 5399:

Flockerzie, Lawrence J. (1983). "Poland's Louvain: Documents on the Destruction of Kalisz, August 1914".

4061: 3904: 3671: 3616: 3570: 3314: 3058: 2490:

in hope to gain territorial and political influence, as well as dispute with the Polish Crown because of

1833: 1677: 1082: 677: 615: 7715: 5166: 5151: 3800:. Photos were taken of him and his motorbike. The victim blamed xenophobic speeches of the Conservative 11603: 11468: 10253: 9940: 9671: 9184: 6313: 6204: 5746:

by Karol Karski, Cas eWestern Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 45, 2013, section "Conclusion"

5078: 4521:

Sebastian Conrad, Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany, Cambridge University Press page 171

4013: 2506: 1942: 699: 370: 85: 8385:

Putin 'must end attacks on Poles' (Polish president calls on Putin to stop attacks on Poles in Moscow)

7508: 3730:. However, the case was unsuccessful as Poles are not classified as an ethnic minority. The editor of 10821: 10635: 10537: 10422: 10089: 10057: 9727: 9661: 9500: 9344: 7580: 6217: 5193:

The enemy with a thousand faces: the tradition of the other in western political thought and history.

3589:

argued for immigration from (Central and) Eastern Europe to be stopped and for Poles to be deported.

3383:

as something altogether natural'." Michnik responded to the controversy, praising the heroism of the

3308:) and organizations such as the Association against Anti-Polonism led by Leszek Bubel, leader of the 3285: 3237: 2935: 2772: 2228:(in English, "the devouring of Poles") – a Polish term coined in the 19th century in relation to the 1273: 1087: 981: 868: 527: 495: 149: 75: 6932: 4118: 4007: 2448:, Poland was greatly blamed by the Russians as the cause of chaos and tyranny in Russia. The future 11623: 11081: 10969: 10816: 10585: 10522: 10350: 10305: 10167: 10052: 10034: 9970: 9900: 9784: 9117: 8672:

Ethnic Cleansing of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, Alliance of the Polish Eastern Provinces

6167:"The Government of the Republic of Poland protests against the CTV editorial policy on use of term" 5756: 5579:. Instytut Globalizacji oraz Press Club Polska in cooperation with Memorial Society. Archived from 4826: 3921: 3775:..." The remark prompted a complaint from the Polish Embassy in London, as well as an editorial in 3764: 3217: 2985:). German propaganda staged a Polish cavalry charge in their 1941 reel called "Geschwader Lützow". 2939: 2788: 2680: 1539: 1427: 1268: 1037: 966: 796: 751: 605: 490: 470: 400: 330: 206: 6503: 6477:. Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. pp. 6, 14. Archived from 5705:

Alexander Motyl. (1985). Ukrainian Nationalist Political Violence in Inter-War Poland, 1921-1939.

4659:"The Government's Political Technologist, or the Secrets of Inter TV Channel's Information Policy" 3818:, there were more cases of Polonophobic occurrences including anti-Polish leaflets distributed in 2543:

Being a Pole under the Russian occupation was in itself almost culpable – wrote Russian historian

11535: 11364: 11344: 11206: 11196: 11154: 10784: 10625: 10487: 10457: 10452: 10395: 10330: 10315: 10248: 10221: 10206: 9619: 9590: 9510: 9315: 9255: 9233: 8960: 8285: 4204: 3939: 3926: 3756: 3655:

wrote in the same paper on 23 December: "In my experience, the automatic equation of Poland with

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The expressions offensive to Poles are attributed to a number of non-Polish media in relation to

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From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939-1941 (1997), by Sheldon Dick ed.

5215:

Russia and Ukraine: literature and the discourse of empire from Napoleonic to postcolonial times

4939:

Citizenship and Identity in a Multinational Commonwealth: Poland-Lithuania in Context, 1550-1772

878: 11613: 11463: 11436: 11426: 10906: 10886: 10749: 10620: 10517: 10467: 10437: 10417: 10345: 10325: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10201: 10172: 10145: 10121: 10116: 9712: 9702: 9475: 9378: 9298: 9127: 9068: 8970: 8867: 8810: 6150: 5603: 4603: 4002:

In August 2005, a series of allegedly organised attacks against Polish diplomats took place in

3620: 3586: 3441:

jokes from Germany were originally told before World War II in disputed border regions such as

3147: 3107: 2859: 2703: 2691: 2667: 2327: 1937: 1910: 1900: 1358: 1338: 1201: 1072: 961: 913: 883: 863: 791: 771: 746: 741: 736: 647: 610: 583: 559: 554: 134: 124: 8687:

Polacy i Ukraińcy; Sprawa ukraińska w czasie II wojny światowej na terenie II Rzeczypospolitej

7455: 5365: 5321: 4695: 4388:(1996). "Image, Status, Mobility and Integration in American Society: The Polish Experience". 4180:

National Identity and Foreign Policy: Nationalism and Leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine

4178: 2509:, the first Constitution in Europe, Russia sent troops and brutally suppressed Polish people. 11587: 11431: 11391: 11324: 11221: 11169: 11096: 10851: 10615: 10527: 10502: 10497: 10482: 10477: 10412: 10360: 10320: 10226: 10196: 10099: 9722: 9530: 9422: 9417: 9332: 9293: 9100: 9095: 8076:"Racism and xenophobia experienced by Polish migrants in the UK before and after Brexit vote" 4722: 3746: 3605: 3309: 3013: 2717:

In the politics of inter-war Germany, anti-Polish feelings ran high. The American historian

2639: 2312: 2272: 1905: 1865: 1798: 1687: 1635: 1554: 1303: 1067: 971: 946: 941: 926: 921: 858: 806: 766: 672: 642: 537: 144: 8794: 4749: 4250: 3431:

propaganda, which attempted to justify the Nazis' murdering of Poles by presenting them as "

2139: 2116:

Nazi Germany killed between 1.8 to 2.7 million ethnic Poles, 140,000 Poles were deported to

11598: 11302: 10836: 10710: 10427: 10385: 10335: 10310: 10131: 10094: 9835: 9697: 9485: 9351: 8995: 8932: 8902: 8887: 8872: 5288: 5072:"The Civic Identity of Russifying Officials in the Empire's Northwestern Region after 1863" 4972: 4102: 3718: 3468: 3364: 3360: 3153: 3115: 2970: 2525: 2350: 2338: 2229: 1776: 1288: 1162: 873: 831: 781: 756: 569: 532: 265: 119: 8782: 8412: 6997: 6951: 8: 11618: 11478: 11339: 10974: 10876: 10856: 10645: 10553: 10512: 10492: 10462: 10355: 10150: 9965: 9505: 9260: 9139: 8892: 8651: 7116: 5658: 3896:, why accuse these nations and attribute to them inherent anti-Semitic characteristics?" 3768: 2426: 1952: 1813: 1432: 1328: 1308: 1097: 1005: 956: 936: 908: 801: 588: 395: 8125: 5959:

Nazi Europe and the Final Solution (2009), edited by David Bankier, Israel Gutman, p.162

4489: 3985:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3950:

character, Gary, to go bowling after work by saying: "Come on, it's in your blood, like

3391: 3224:", but the wording suggests that the Polish people might have been involved. The Polish 2501:

In the 18th century, Russia as an empire attempted to make Poland disintegrate by using

2175: 11251: 11246: 11236: 11184: 11174: 11149: 11091: 11049: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10861: 10162: 9535: 9515: 9174: 9105: 9073: 9040: 9030: 8912: 6871: 6325: 6296: 6170: 5688: 5637:

The Context of Mass Destruction: Agents and Prerequisites of the Holocaust in Lithuania

5552: 5408: 5049: 4821: 4440: 4397: 4271: 4232: 4049: 3872: 3705: 3652: 3647: 3463:

For decades, Polish Americans have been the subject of derogatory jokes originating in

3428: 3262: 3074: 2999: 2981:

was wiped out on the ground on the opening day of the war. Neither tale was true (see:

2916: 2890: 2846: 2676: 2491: 2473: 2420: 2399: 2391: 2374: 2346: 2233: 2159: 1717: 1712: 1702: 1650: 1640: 1615: 1549: 1507: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1313: 600: 5495:"A letter from Timothy Snyder of Bloodlands: Two genocidaires, taking turns in Poland" 5429: 3380: 3261:

said Poles "drink in (anti-Semitism) with their mother's milk." Polish Prime Minister

11510: 11421: 11349: 11334: 11133: 11076: 10881: 10789: 10680: 10600: 10447: 9752: 9194: 9159: 9149: 9110: 9050: 9000: 8922: 8907: 8877: 8759: 8749: 8736: 8712: 8697: 8675: 8405:[Russians are recalling the words of a scandalist. "Poles are true Nazis".]. 8001:"Reports of "No more Polish vermin" signs left outside primary schools in Huntingdon" 6908: 6863: 6820: 6736: 6693: 6644: 6430: 6420: 6288: 6108: 6055: 6033: 6029: 6008: 6004: 5985: 5943: 5935: 5919: 5892: 5792: 5556: 5425: 5369: 5358: 5329: 5291: 5219: 5197: 5020: 4976: 4943: 4906: 4755: 4728: 4701: 4580: 4533: 4494:"Kaczyński mówi o "antypolonizmie". Badamy zaskakującą karierę tego słowa na prawicy" 4444: 4432: 4289: 4184: 3931: 3900: 3885: 3786: 3597: 3368: 3356: 3233: 2911: 2857:

to show that Germany was under Polish attack, and the killing of Germans by Poles in

2850: 2753:, took place from about 25 August 1937 through 15 November 1938. According to Soviet 2615: 2608: 2594:, an anti-Polish novel of high literary merit, to say nothing about lesser writers." 2581: 2544: 2465: 2254: 2237: 2134: 1984: 1895: 1823: 1808: 1591: 1534: 1333: 1241: 1132: 1052: 893: 174: 8144:"Yair Lapid's rhetoric on Poland feels like Holocaust denial, Auschwitz museum says" 6858: 6841: 5661:, page 255 "This was followed by a period of relative harmony between the two states 4565:

Page 34, Social Science, Publisher: University of California Press, 2002; 340 pages.

3637:

has been noted for a number of other controversies. On 14 October 2009, Nazi-hunter

27:

Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Poland or people of Polish ethnicity

11473: 11458: 11386: 11307: 11277: 11108: 10944: 10650: 10216: 10211: 10062: 9960: 9288: 9265: 9248: 9238: 9216: 9179: 9169: 9154: 9144: 9063: 9058: 9035: 9025: 8745: 8087: 6853: 6554:[Poles - Jews. Black card of 'Gazeta Wyborcza'] (in Polish). Archived from 5684: 5680: 4967:

The Long Life and Swift Death of Jewish Rechitsa: A Community in Belarus, 1625–2000

4965: 4879:

Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment.

4424: 4077: 4045: 3701: 3472: 3464: 3420: 3188: 3177: 3161: 2978: 2947: 2943: 2885:

Poles became the subject of ethnic cleansing on an unprecedented scale, including:

2746: 2718: 2631: 2495: 2477: 2449: 2079: 1947: 1932: 1860: 1781: 1751: 1566: 1402: 1102: 662: 657: 500: 390: 8463: 8355: 8092: 8075: 7976:"Seven attacks in 10 days as racist gang targets Polish community in east Belfast" 6789:"Pływackie ME: Niemiecki spiker zadrwił z Polaków. "To było wyjątkowo niesmaczne"" 5266: 5263:"Komisja Kolonizacyjna - Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy" 4855: 3490: 3427:

in the late 1940s. These jokes were fueled by ethnic slurs disseminated by German

3347:

journalist, Michał Cichy, wrote a review of a collection of 1943 memoirs entitled

3195:,' some of which reminded listeners of the spread of such jokes under the Nazis." 2841:

soldier knocks a caricatured Polish general off backs of peasants armed with rocks

11488: 11396: 11292: 11241: 11101: 11086: 11066: 11031: 10744: 10655: 10590: 10390: 10340: 10126: 9985: 9580: 9545: 9437: 9270: 9189: 9164: 9132: 9122: 9090: 9085: 8980: 8937: 8927: 8917: 8882: 8862: 8847: 8655: 8595: 8477: 8450: 8433: 6814: 6537: 5940:

Poland, 1918–1945: an interpretive and documentary history of the Second Republic

5807: 5763: 5654: 5100:"Joseph Conrad, March 12, 1857-August 3, 1924"; Contemporary Authors Online, Gale 4887: 4827:"Conquests from Barbarism: Interpreting Land Reclamation in 18th Century Prussia" 4599: 4544: 4211: 3947: 3735: 3656: 3529:

in 2004, where ten new countries joined in the single-largest expansion to date (

3480: 3453: 3448:

There is debate as to whether the early "Polish jokes" brought to states such as

3340: 3333: 3301: 3289: 3229: 3164: 3127: 2828: 2730: 2635: 2565: 2537: 2438: 2217: 2087: 2055: 1962: 1870: 1766: 1707: 1559: 1544: 1524: 1489: 1196: 1107: 1042: 836: 786: 564: 415: 8384: 8255:"Israeli 'spits at' Polish ambassador in street amid ongoing diplomatic dispute" 5445: 11483: 11441: 11411: 11401: 11319: 11312: 11297: 11287: 11123: 11059: 11001: 10996: 10981: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10640: 10575: 10104: 10077: 9930: 9642: 9557: 9211: 9080: 8108:"Lapid: Poland was complicit in the Holocaust, new bill 'can't change history'" 4124: 3935: 3889: 3801: 3782: 3751: 3574: 3534: 3518: 3325: 3318: 3258: 3221: 3103: 3040: 3007: 2989: 2974: 2959: 2951: 2820: 2548: 2483: 2453: 2379: 2358: 2354: 2319: 2308: 2268: 2241: 2083: 2075: 1957: 1915: 1885: 1875: 1793: 1786: 1771: 1761: 1581: 1517: 1459: 1454: 1439: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1092: 1027: 542: 515: 360: 44: 8184:"Poles 'sucked anti-Semitism with their mothers' milk,' Israeli official says" 7716:"Right-wing Polish MEP Michal Kaminski becomes Tories controversial EU leader" 6753: 6587: 5040:

Kadziela, Łukasz; Strybel, Robert (1994). "The 1794 Kościuszko Insurrection".

4428: 3250: 11638: 11495: 11118: 11054: 11039: 10901: 10866: 10846: 10717: 10660: 10595: 10007: 9910: 9373: 9020: 8985: 8897: 8857: 8327: 7923:"Gang of 15 attacks Dagenham motorcyclist outside pub "because he is Polish"" 7871:"Miliband defiant as Cameron demands he retract accusations against Kaminski" 7438:"British MPs prepare Early Day Motion protest in PCC decision on Giles Coren" 6867: 6530: 6292: 5800: 4640: 4460:"Germany's WWII Occupation of Poland: 'When We Finish, Nobody Is Left Alive'" 4436: 4385: 4132: 3804: 3777: 3763:

expressing concern about the party's relationship with the right-wing Polish

3760: 3710: 3693: 3638: 3424: 3384: 3332:

has been accused of being anti-Polish when he wrote about crimes such as the

3091: 3082: 2938:

in World War II was ruthless, and sometimes coordinated with the Nazis (see:

2792: 2765: 2533: 2457: 2395: 2250: 2067: 1969: 1576: 1512: 1497: 1353: 1318: 1298: 1169: 1112: 1047: 437: 340: 7385: 7253:"As at Auschwitz, the gates of hell are built and torn down by human hearts" 6570:

The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland.

6434: 5468:

Germany, Hitler, and World War II: essays in modern German and world history

4789: 2334: 11329: 11216: 11044: 11011: 10991: 10921: 10911: 10891: 10871: 10507: 10405: 10400: 10136: 10111: 9975: 9915: 9880: 9850: 9540: 9385: 8161: 6229: 5731: 4658: 4562:

Special Sorrows: The Diasporic Imagination of Irish, Polish, and Jewish ...

4308:"New figures reveal dramatic increase in hate crimes against Polish people" 4136: 4097: 4029: 3836:

Anti-Polish sentiment in the UK has been the subject of an academic study.

3664: 3633: 3577:

community has doubled in size since 2004; with Poland now having overtaken

3435:"—dirty, stupid and inferior. It is also possible that some early American 3376: 3329: 3266: 3192: 3184: 3123: 3111: 3096: 2882: 2875: 2787:

Ukrainians were also another people with strong anti-Polish hostility. The

2662:

being attacked by Poles and socialists as the caption reads "Save the East"

2502: 2480:. The war was held as a Russian triumph for its attempt to destroy Poland. 2416: 2284: 2147: 2143: 2128: 2124: 2098: 1803: 1682: 1502: 1469: 1449: 1373: 1363: 1343: 1323: 951: 851: 846: 574: 549: 405: 345: 310: 280: 7693: 7151: 6620: 5671:

BUDUROWYCZ, BOHDAN (1983). "Poland and the Ukrainian Problem, 1921-1939".

5175:

See comments by Szczukin to section on literature in the Russian language:

3130:". At least 40,000 members of Poland's Home Army were deported to Russia. 2512: 2127:

Poles as unintelligent and aggressive, as thugs, thieves, alcoholics, and

2035: 11231: 11191: 11159: 11026: 10986: 10826: 10739: 10690: 10665: 10565: 10258: 9997: 9980: 9935: 9855: 9465: 9432: 9010: 8990: 8032:"Police probe racist graffiti smeared on Polish centre after Brexit vote" 7410: 6350:

Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath

6050:

Fritzsche, Peter (2016). "The Management of Empathy in the Third Reich".

5786:

Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.

5240: 5237:"Ogólnopolski Konkurs Internetowy - Historia Strajku Dzieci Wrzesińskich" 5187: 4464: 3827: 3742: 3685: 3681: 3660: 3403: 3172: 3135: 2738: 2695: 2627: 2597: 2590: 2584:

many Russian writers voluntarily participated in anti-Polish propaganda.

2551:

and religion were seen as threats to Russian imperial ambitions. Tsarist

2370: 2264: 2259: 2151: 1697: 1657: 1625: 1484: 1444: 1278: 1191: 1142: 1117: 1017: 704: 427: 410: 365: 285: 11556: 8789: 8622:"Poles, Bulgarians say they face more discrimination in the Netherlands" 7953:"Pobili Polaka w Londynie. "Kopali i krzyczeli, że ma wracać do Polski"" 6875: 6478: 6234:["Polish Concentration Camps" An outline of a chronic problem]. 5692: 5639:, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 12, Number 1, pp. 27-48, 1998, 5412: 5053: 4401: 3467:

stereotypes that had developed in the U.S. before the 1920s. During the

11505: 11500: 11381: 11376: 11272: 11256: 11113: 11006: 10964: 10926: 10734: 10722: 10695: 10685: 10605: 10024: 10019: 9990: 9925: 9774: 9361: 9015: 9005: 8942: 8568: 7012:"Daniel Kawczynski: Poles in the UK are under attack. It's got to stop" 6735:

Published 2004 by Continuum International Publishing Group, 448 pages.

6300: 5843: 5550:

Stalin's Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union.

4236: 4090: 3860: 3845: 3819: 3625: 3485: 3214: 2854: 2761: 2572: 2407: 2213: 2204: 2155: 1979: 1974: 1855: 1850: 1746: 1722: 1571: 1464: 1422: 1378: 1186: 1174: 1147: 1137: 1057: 454: 449: 420: 355: 196: 8545:"Poland summons German charge d'affaires over election media coverage" 8447:

Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine

8403:"Rosjanie przywołują słowa skandalisty. "Polacy to prawdziwi naziści"" 6933:"BNP advances on Middle England to exploit 'fear' of Polish migrants," 5720:

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/deceiving-the-public

4574: 3191:. This tactic had become especially apparent in the "rejuvenation of ' 2725:(a state for a season), and Germans used the phrase "Polish economy" ( 2303:), a synonym for "pickpocket", "petty thief", literally means "little 11406: 11354: 11071: 10670: 9800: 9525: 9460: 8965: 8563: 7817: 7667: 6937: 6416: 6406: 6335: 4057: 4048:

criticised the Lithuanian Government over discrimination against the

3676: 3583: 3550: 3449: 3371:

accused Cichy of practicing a 'distinct type of racism,' and charged

3086: 3021: 2920: 2833: 2267:. Organized persecution of Poles raged in the territories annexed by 2200:

Organized persecution of the Poles as a nation or as an ethnic group;

2117: 1880: 1828: 1529: 1122: 230: 8527:"Poland downplays tensions with Germany over 'anti-Polish' comments" 5170: 4818: 3670:

Also in 2008, the Polish ambassador sent an official protest to the

11371: 11201: 11128: 10779: 10705: 10610: 10570: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9870: 9865: 9810: 9495: 7634:"False charges of anti-semitism demean the accuser not the accused" 7043:"British MP "sick and tired" of alleged anti-Polish bias (Roundup)" 5580: 3951: 3793: 3566: 3562: 3070: 2993: 2838: 2524:

When Poland lost the last vestiges of its independence in 1795 and

2434: 2146:

ordered the "destruction of the enemy" beyond military objectives:

2094: 1845: 1667: 1586: 1231: 1157: 1062: 1022: 385: 380: 375: 300: 295: 240: 6816:

Polish Migration to the UK in the 'New' European Union: After 2004

5326:

The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War: New Edition

2977:"bravely but futilely" charged German tanks in 1939, and that the 2709: 2528:, ethnic Poles were subjected to discrimination in two areas: the 2066:

are terms for negative attitudes, prejudices, and actions against

9875: 9779: 9759: 9732: 9707: 9611: 9455: 8777: 8407: 8158:"Work needed to reduce anti-Polish sentiment: Israeli ambassador" 8057:"Xenophobic bullying souring lives of East European pupils in UK" 6555: 5152:"Polska i Polacy w literaturze rosyjskiej. Literatura przedmiotu" 5077:. Harvard Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. Archived from 4577:"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe: Poland under Nazi Occupation" 4223:

Rudolf Glanz (1955). "The "Bayer" and the "Pollack" in America".

3946:

slur. The slur involved Marsh trying to convince the show's lone

3881: 3808: 3542: 3538: 3442: 3066: 2963: 2898: 2776: 2672: 2604: 2561: 2557: 2517: 2430: 2383: 2304: 305: 201: 181: 154: 129: 52: 4832:. International Congress of Historical Sciences; Oslo. p. 8 10831: 9860: 9764: 9742: 9737: 9687: 8833: 5821:"How Joseph Stalin (Inadvertently) Saved Some Of Poland's Jews" 5528: 4018: 4003: 3943: 3893: 3864: 3797: 3689: 3558: 3546: 3530: 3437: 3119: 3017: 3002:

often assigned blame to the failure of his operations, such as

2962:, academics, priests and Jewish Poles to forced-labor camps in 2280: 2216:

about Poland and Polish people in the media and other forms of

2071: 1283: 290: 186: 164: 159: 109: 6076:

Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory

5016:

War in European History, 1660-1792: The Essential Bibliography

4598:[Russia in search of its lost greatness] (in Polish). 3888:

and politician, said that Katz was speaking as a 'student' of

3500:

that the Polish team would be coming back home in "our cars".

2634:

made further attempts to take control over the territories of

10841: 9692: 9470: 8496: 8478:"Ukrainians call on Poland to rebuild controversial monument" 6087:

Dawidowicz, Lucy "Lies About the Holocaust" pages 31–37 from

6001:

The Poles in Britain 1940–2000: From Betrayal to Assimilation

4905:

by Maciej Janowski, Central European University Press, 2004,

3955: 3848:

claimed that his father's grandmother, who was killed in the

3578: 3554: 2924: 2902: 2758: 2585: 1293: 114: 7310:"Giles Coren Times article prompts Polish complaints to PCC" 7283:"Giles Coren Times article prompts Polish complaints to PCC" 6367:"Shamir's Remarks About Poland Held Up Diplomatic Relations" 5601: 5121:. ACLS American Council of Learned Societies. Archived from 4747: 4720: 3569:), the UK has experienced mass immigration from Poland (see 3198: 2196:

Forms of hostility toward Poles and Polish culture include:

2097:

or it was used to justify atrocities both before and during

2082:

against Poles and persons of Polish descent, other forms of

11453: 11282: 6232:""Polish Concentration Camps." Zarys chronicznego problemu" 5842:. Dansk Militærhistorisk Selskab - Chakoten. Archived from 4693: 4646:

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language

4106: 3909: 3099: 3062: 2754: 2699: 2675:. The German campaign of discrimination contributed to the 1927: 1756: 8304:"Ambasada RP w Tel Awiwie: Mamy zapis z kamer monitoringu" 8286:"Polish ambassador spat at in Israel amid rising tensions" 6978:"Hate crime rises in economic slump - Federation of Poles" 5888:

Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life - Carlo D'Este - Google Books

5608:"Rozkaz N.K.W.D.: No. 00485 z dnia 11-VIII-1937, a Polacy" 3249:

There is a stereotype that Jews are anti-Polish. Cardinal

2992:(also called Banderovites) committed genocide on Poles in 2394:

speaks of the scandalised writings of German intellectual

2325: 8802: 7169:"Daily Mail coverage prompts Poles to make PCC complaint" 7131:"Daily Mail coverage prompts Poles to make PCC complaint" 6909:"The anti-immigration party trying to recruit immigrants" 5872:"Victims of German Nazi massacres in Ponary commemorated" 3696:, prompting not only an official letter of complaint to 3601: 3027: 8323:"Shamed Fox apologizes for Polish slur on 'Back to You'" 7897:"UK Poles in Downing Street anti-discrimination protest" 7788:"Stephen Fry provokes Polish fury over Auschwitz remark" 2642:, chasing out tens of thousands of its Polish citizens. 2486:, which developed anti-Polish sentiment due to previous 6842:"Anti-Polish Migrant Moral Panic in the UK: A Response" 6732:

Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America

5775:

Poland's Holocaust, Tadeusz Piotrowski, MacMillan, 101.

3160:(The Forced War) by the American historical writer and 7844:"Poles, Politeness and Politics in the age of Twitter" 6230:

Witold J. Ławrynowicz; Małgorzata Ławrynowicz (2004).

2802: 8719:. Paper. In Polish with English and German summaries. 8596:"Dutch allow Wilders' anti-Pole website, EU critical" 8353: 7920: 7045:. monstersandcritics.com. 4 June 2008. Archived from 6254:"Statement on Poland and the Auschwitz Commemoration" 4085:

forbade the exhumation of Polish victims of the 1943

3257:

In November of the same year, Israeli Prime Minister

3156:". In 1961, a book was published in Germany entitled 7109:"Federation of Poles in Great Britain vs Daily Mail" 6839: 6617:""Wyborcza" kontynuuje swoją "politykę historyczną"" 6449:"Poland - Poles sue publisher of anti-Semitic texts" 6238:(in Polish). Przeglad Polski on-line. Archived from 5840:"Polish Cavalry in World War 2: Myths and realities" 5433: 4987:

russian polish war 1654-1667 anti-polish propaganda.

3085:, thousands of soldiers of Poland's underground eg. 2568:

established an occupation army at Poland's expense.

8509:"Poland to ban Ukrainians with 'anti-Polish views'" 7814:"Complaints: Fry 'slandered' Poland over Auschwitz" 5196:1989, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, 218 pages, 4032:statements which have been widely cited in Russia. 2158:were committed against them from the outset of the 2111:

Soviet repressions and massacres of Polish citizens

8253: 7562:"Poles Take The Times and Coren to European Court" 7483:"The winner's version of history. That's original" 7365: 7189: 7010: 6975: 6453:The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism 5670: 5357: 4964: 4087:massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 2825:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 2530:Germanisation under Prussian and later German rule 2353:. However, anti-Polish propaganda begins with the 11417:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 9521:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 8748:, "Hollywood's War with Poland, 1939–1945" 2009, 8400: 7846:. stephenfry.com. 19 October 2009. Archived from 7532: 7530: 7191:"Poles accuse 'Daily Mail' of defaming community" 6552:"Polacy - Żydzi. Czarna karta 'Gazety Wyborczej'" 4935: 4575:Janusz Gumkowkski; Kazimierz Leszczynski (2001). 4272:"Poles — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum" 2817:Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946) 2813:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II 1891:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 11636: 7973: 7583:(in Polish). Leeds-Manchester.pl. Polish Express 7578: 6775:From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans 6600:American Association for Polish Jewish Studies. 6586:. Center for Defense Information. Archived from 6156:Published 1995 by U of Minnesota Press. Page 82. 5218:, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2001, 354 pages. 4064:citing the mistreatment of the Polish minority. 3034:with letter "P"—required wear for Polish inmates 2224:A historic example of anti-Polish sentiment was 11077:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 6777:Intercultural Press, 1995 - 343 pages. Page 65. 6636:Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters 6472:"The Polish Debate about the Jedwabne Massacre" 5548:McLoughlin, Barry, and McDermott, Kevin (eds). 5319: 5309:Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities 5096:"January Uprising RSCI, The Real Science Index" 5039: 4936:Friedrich, Karin; Pendzich, Barbara M. (2009). 4694:Donald Bloxham; A. Dirk Moses (15 April 2010). 4593: 4021:by a group of skinheads, several days earlier. 3899:On 15 May 2019, Poland's Ambassador to Israel, 3220:in occupied Poland in order to facilitate the " 2207:dislikes of Poles, including Polish immigrants; 1535:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 10559:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 7713: 7527: 6469: 6412:Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe 6331:Terms of Survival: The Jewish World Since 1945 6201:"Polish Concentration Camps. Misleading words" 4748:Jerzy Lukowski; W. H. Zawadzki (6 July 2006). 4484: 4482: 4011:the Moscow correspondent for the Polish daily 2315:has been gaining media attention from abroad. 1011:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11572: 9627: 8818: 8758:"Polish Encounters, Russian Identity", 2005, 7435: 7368:"Poles could make UK legal history in Europe" 7182: 7157:. Federation of Poles in Great Britain C.I.O. 6581: 6133: 6131: 5724: 5116: 4754:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–10. 4674: 4334:"A History of Polish Americans ... Revisited" 3244: 2016: 8073: 7785: 6024: 6022: 5972:, Sampson Low, Marston & Co 1948, Page 2 5784:Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota (eds.). 5069: 4619:Russian studies in literature - Google Books 4222: 3781:and criticism from British Jewish historian 3423:fleeing war-torn Europe were brought to the 3419:Presumably the first Polish jokes by German 2645: 10775:List of people killed for being transgender 8564:"Dutch far right opens anti-Polish hotline" 7564:. orla.fm. 25 February 2009. Archived from 7074: 6840:FITZGERALD, IAN; SMOCZYNSKI, RAFAL (2015). 6392:Robert Cherry and Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, 6184:Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Ottawa 6054:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 115–127. 5177:"Literatura w języku rosyjskim," pp. 14-22. 5065: 5063: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4724:Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy 4596:"Rosja w poszukiwaniu zaginionej wielkości" 4529: 4527: 4488: 4479: 4305: 4183:. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. 4176: 4083:Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance 4006:, which prompted the then-Polish President 3496:In 2014, a German speaker joked during the 3412:Conditional jokes depend on the audience's 3397: 2954:and at other sites, and the exile of up to 1227:List of people killed for being transgender 11579: 11565: 9634: 9620: 8825: 8811: 8551:. 8 July 2020 – via www.reuters.com. 8464:"The Polish-Ukrainian Battle for the Past" 8379: 8377: 8292:. 15 May 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 8126:"The truth about Poland and the Holocaust" 7868: 7640:. London. 10 November 2009. Archived from 7538:"Coren launches his own assault on Poland" 6725: 6723: 6721: 6549: 6361: 6359: 6141:New York: Pantheon Books, 1989 pages 56–57 6128: 5884: 5757:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. 5471:Cambridge University Press, 1995, page 42. 5398: 4962: 4457: 4396:(1). University of Illinois Press: 74–95. 3871:In February 2019, Poland's prime minister 2946:included Soviet mass executions of Polish 2690:of 1919, British historian and politician 2666:After Poland regained its independence as 2290: 2023: 2009: 11586: 9491:Interminority racism in the United States 8091: 8029: 7921:Exclusive Mark Shales (22 January 2014). 7664:"Fry's fears over Tories' anti-gay links" 7556: 7554: 6857: 6405: 6314:Prelate Retracts Controversial Allegation 6049: 6019: 5918:Europe at War 1939–1945 by Norman Davies 5521:"Sommer, Tomasz. Book description (Opis)" 4679:. The German Times Online. Archived from 4123:Following the accession of Poland to the 3773:which side of the border Auschwitz was on 3059:Polish professors murdered by the Germans 9891:Social determinants of health in poverty 8451:Chapter 6. The Ukrainian-Polish Conflict 8354:Selection of articles (12 August 2005). 7758: 5060: 4971:. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 4807: 4727:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 36. 4649:, 1880 and later reprints, entry МАЗУРИК 4524: 3942:", which contained a controversial anti- 3512: 3052: 3026: 2832: 2708: 2649: 2630:during Poland's fight for independence, 2511: 2333: 2170:According to Adam Leszczynski, the term 2133: 2093:This prejudice led to mass killings and 2034: 321:Social determinants of health in poverty 8374: 8080:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 7307: 7276: 7274: 7161: 7123: 6993: 6991: 6812: 6718: 6381:Poles and the Jews: How Deep the Guilt? 6356: 6278: 5837: 5501:. Stanford University. 15 December 2010 5355: 5287:"The Origins of the Final Solution" by 5000:"Poland-Lithuania and the Liberum Veto" 4721:Caterina Bruschi; Peter Biller (2003). 4697:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies 3903:, was spat on and attacked outside the 3039:"The dying Jews are surrounded only by 2895:Soviet executions and mass deportations 14: 11637: 9563:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 8576:from the original on 24 September 2012 7869:Mulholland, Hélène (30 October 2009). 7551: 7341:"Two waves of immigration Poles apart" 7280: 7220: 7144: 6906: 6813:Burrell, Dr Kathy (28 December 2012). 6685: 6550:Strzembosz, Tomasz (5 February 1994). 6522: 6520: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5364:. Princeton University Press. p. 4555: 4553: 4414: 4364:"Anti-Polish discrimination continues" 3298:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 2983:Myths of the Polish September Campaign 2923:. Unknown numbers perished in Soviet " 2797:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 2230:dismemberment and annexation of Poland 2180:anti-Jewish violence in postwar Poland 2120:where at least half of them perished. 11560: 9615: 8806: 8650: 8561: 8335:from the original on 23 November 2007 7601: 7480: 7338: 7223:"Eastern Europe's long-buried truths" 7101: 7080: 6976:Wiktor Moszczynski (9 January 2009). 6153:Intellectuals, Socialism, and Dissent 6100: 5766:Polish American Congress, Washington. 5484:, Hamish Hamilton 1945 pages 213-214. 5012: 3726:". The case has been referred to the 11541: 10581:Capital punishment for homosexuality 9896:Social determinants of mental health 9586: 8320: 8210:"Suckling hatred with mother's milk" 7974:Steven Alexander (17 January 2014). 7824:from the original on 12 October 2009 7794:from the original on 11 October 2009 7462:from the original on 6 December 2008 7271: 6988: 6568:Antony Polonsky, Joanna B. Michlic. 5610:. Polish Club Online. Archived from 4899:Frederick's "the Iroquois of Europe" 4384: 3965: 3613:Federation of Poles in Great Britain 2494:, launched an invasion known as the 2263:, and enforced up to the end of the 2086:, and mistreatment of Poles and the 1033:Capital punishment for homosexuality 326:Social determinants of mental health 10701:Genital modification and mutilation 8976:Discrimination based on nationality 8401:Grzegorz Podolski (18 April 2024). 7759:Cesarani, David (12 October 2009). 7674:from the original on 9 October 2009 7579:Daniel Tokarczyk (19 August 2008). 7366:Wiktor Moszczynski (6 March 2009). 6686:Davies, Christie (12 August 2002). 6531:JAKA "GAZETA", TAKIE PRZEPROSINY... 6517: 5454: 5446:"Lloyd George and Poland, 1919–20," 4963:Kaganovich, Albert (8 March 2013). 4594:Tomasz Bielecki (3 November 2005). 4550: 4458:Sontheimer, Michael (27 May 2011). 4119:Anti-German sentiment § Poland 4024:The professional volleyball player 3816:British referendum of EU membership 3755:as a signatory of a letter to then- 3684:published a comment piece with the 3306:Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 3077:: "Death to Poles!", November 2011 2934:Soviet policy following their 1939 2803:Invasion of Poland and World War II 1153:Genital modification and mutilation 24: 9641: 8729: 8436:". Radio Poland. 7 September 2011. 8321:Huff, Richard (21 November 2007). 7436:Stephan Pound (22 November 2008). 7221:Zuroff, Efraim (14 October 2009). 6786: 6455:. 28 November 2006. Archived from 6383:The New York Times, 17 March 2001. 6353:, Rutgers University Press, p. 276 6028:The Poles in Britain 1940–2000 by 5885:d'Este, Carlo (24 November 2015). 5356:Holborn, Hajo (21 December 1982). 4903:Polish liberal thought before 1918 4390:Journal of American Ethnic History 4340:. 10 February 2009. Archived from 2782:1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 2775:of 1920, which costed the capital 2526:remained partitioned for 123 years 2295:In the Russian language, the term 2277:genocidal policies of Nazi Germany 25: 11666: 8770: 8696:, McFarland & Company, 2000, 8562:Ebels, Philip (2 February 2012). 8427:Walesa declines Lithuanian honour 7790:. London: Telegraph Media Group. 7761:"Stephen Fry's Auschwitz blunder" 7744:. 15 October 2009. Archived from 7458:. The Economist. 14 August 2008. 6998:BBC denies MP's anti-Polish claim 6952:"BBC blamed for attacks on Poles" 6572:Princeton University Press, 2003. 5789:Institute of National Remembrance 5322:"War Aims and Peace Negotiations" 4923:"Polish-Muscovite War, 1609-1619" 4141:2020 Polish presidential election 4054:Lithuanization of Polish surnames 3508: 2929:Institute of National Remembrance 2619:to a wave of forceful evictions ( 2446:Polish–Russian War in early 1600s 11540: 11531: 11530: 11180:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 11017:Law for Protection of the Nation 10917:White genocide conspiracy theory 9595: 9585: 9576: 9575: 8788: 8776: 8614: 8588: 8555: 8537: 8519: 8501: 8483: 8471: 8456: 8439: 8419: 8394: 8347: 8314: 8296: 8278: 8246: 8220: 8202: 8176: 8150: 8136: 8118: 8100: 8067: 8049: 8023: 7993: 7967: 7945: 7914: 7889: 7862: 7836: 7806: 7779: 7752: 7730: 7707: 7686: 7656: 7626: 7614:from the original on 19 May 2009 7595: 7572: 7501: 7474: 7448: 7429: 7403: 7378: 7370:. radio-orla.com. Archived from 7359: 7332: 7301: 7245: 7214: 7083:"Daily Mail makes up with Poles" 7081:Brook, Stephen (5 August 2008). 7053: 7035: 7003: 6969: 6944: 6926: 6907:Devlin, Kayleen (11 July 2017). 6900: 6882: 6833: 6806: 6780: 6767: 6746: 6706: 6679: 6664: 6654: 6627: 6609: 6594: 6584:"Johnson's Russia List No. 5129" 6575: 6562: 6543: 6496: 6463: 6316:, (1991) at articles.latimes.com 6101:Craig, Gordon Alexander (1982). 6091:, Volume 70, Issue # 6, page 32. 5970:The Pattern of Soviet Domination 5328:. OUP Oxford. pp. 206–207. 4798:Commission of National Education 4675:Vanessa Quick (September 2007). 3970: 3915: 3339:For the 1994 anniversary of the 2809:Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles 2404:Commission of National Education 1646:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1475:Law for Protection of the Nation 1369:White genocide conspiracy theory 51: 11022:MSM blood donation restrictions 10770:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 9596: 8644: 8356:"Top Headlines: 12 August 2005" 8266:from the original on 7 May 2022 7786:Day, Matthew (8 October 2009). 7714:Charter, David (16 July 2009). 7509:"Polands role in the Holocaust" 7233:from the original on 2 May 2010 7202:from the original on 7 May 2022 7152:"Letter to PCC from Daily Mail" 7023:from the original on 7 May 2022 6859:10.13060/00380288.2015.51.3.183 6441: 6399: 6386: 6373: 6341: 6319: 6307: 6272: 6246: 6223: 6193: 6159: 6144: 6094: 6081: 6068: 6043: 5995: 5975: 5962: 5953: 5929: 5912: 5878: 5864: 5850: 5831: 5813: 5778: 5769: 5749: 5737: 5712: 5699: 5664: 5644: 5629: 5595: 5569: 5542: 5513: 5487: 5474: 5449:Journal of Contemporary History 5438: 5419: 5392: 5349: 5313: 5301: 5281: 5255: 5229: 5206: 5180: 5140: 5110: 5088: 5033: 5006: 4992: 4956: 4929: 4915: 4892: 4870: 4848: 4775: 4741: 4714: 4687: 4668: 4652: 4634: 4610: 4587: 4568: 4515: 4451: 4408: 4378: 4081:since 2015. In April 2017 the 3498:European Aquatics Championships 3363:from Otwock and member of the " 3205:"Polish death camp" controversy 3199:"Polish death camp" controversy 3152:by embellishing the events of " 3032:German concentration-camp badge 2476:and the Swedes in the parallel 2123:Anti-Polish sentiment includes 1480:MSM blood donation restrictions 1222:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 11035:(as religious or racial quota) 9481:Go back to where you came from 8666:(177). Halle-Leipzig: 465–472. 7718:. London: Times Newspapers Ltd 7581:"Giles Coren: F*** the Poles!" 7481:Coren, Giles (2 August 2008). 7281:Conlan, Tara (8 August 2008). 6582:David Johnson (3 March 2001). 6236:Nowojorski Tygodnik Kulturalny 5982:The Poles in Britain 1940–2000 5685:10.1080/00085006.1983.11091753 5451:, vol. 6, no 3, Pages 132–1542 5013:Black, Jeremy (October 2009). 4356: 4326: 4299: 4282: 4264: 4243: 4216: 4197: 4177:Ilya Prizel (13 August 1998). 4170: 4146: 4052:, which included the enforced 4044:" leader and Polish President 4028:has publicly repeated extreme 3854:Polish death camps controversy 3728:European Court of Human Rights 3708:, followed by an editorial in 3324:According to Polish historian 3126:. A similar fate awaited the " 2907:massacres of Poles in Volhynia 2656:German National People's Party 2536:in the territories annexed by 2516:19th-century Polish exiles in 2441:was persecuted at all levels. 2398:, who was granted a tenure at 2363:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 2307:". The word is an example how 2043:, 1939: "No entry for Poles!" 1493:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 11449:Second-generation gender bias 11165:Constitutional colorblindness 9886:Social determinants of health 8793:The dictionary definition of 8093:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1451308 7411:"December 2008 - Krakow Post" 7339:Coren, Giles (26 July 2008). 6754:"Commentary on "Polish Joke"" 4579:. dac.neu.edu. Archived from 4158: 3016:, the Catholic co-founder of 2706:was renamed Curzon Line "B". 2367:Christianization of Lithuania 2178:in 1946. Osmańczyk condemned 1923:Second-generation gender bias 1631:Constitutional colorblindness 316:Social determinants of health 8660:Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 8362:. WN Network. pp. Index 8074:Rzepnikowska, Alina (2019). 7602:Coren, Giles (16 May 2009). 7061:"How Britain can help Poles" 5825:International Business Times 5801:Introduction reproduced here 5482:The Course of German History 4417:East European Jewish Affairs 4035: 3850:Auschwitz concentration camp 3573:). It is estimated that the 2640:destroyed the city of Kalisz 2165: 7: 11360:Medical model of disability 11212:Hate speech laws by country 8383:BBC News (12 August 2005), 7901:Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy 7113:Press Complaints Commission 6819:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 6641:University of Chicago Press 6540:, PolskieJutro, Number 243 6347:Joshua D. Zimmerman (2003) 5360:A History of Modern Germany 4751:A Concise History of Poland 4700:. OUP Oxford. p. 298. 4062:Order of Vytautas the Great 3954:and collaborating with the 3905:Embassy of Poland, Tel Aviv 3807:. During the same month in 3672:Press Complaints Commission 3571:Poles in the United Kingdom 3226:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3048: 2956:1.5 million Polish citizens 2688:Versailles Peace Conference 2658:poster from 1920 showing a 2456:after taken power from the 2191: 1834:Medical model of disability 1678:Hate speech laws by country 10: 11671: 11604:Anti-Montenegrin sentiment 11469:Social model of disability 9941:Discrimination against men 8832: 8391:Retrieved 2 February 2013. 8228:"Arik Lederman Architects" 7259:. London. 23 December 2009 6692:. Transaction Publishers. 5891:. Henry Holt and Company. 4802:Komisja Edukacji Narodowej 4786:Weltreise nach Deutschland 4203:Thaddeus C. Radzilowski,, 4116: 4112: 4067: 3401: 3245:In Polish-Jewish relations 3202: 2806: 2507:Constitution of 3 May 1791 1943:Social model of disability 371:Discrimination against men 11594: 11526: 11265: 11142: 10935: 10822:Opposition to immigration 10546: 10186: 10033: 9793: 9743:Race / Ethnicity 9680: 9649: 9571: 9448: 9281: 9049: 8951: 8840: 8707:Dr. Dariusz Łukasiewicz: 7927:Barking and Dagenham Post 7440:. orla.fm. Archived from 6980:. orla.fm. Archived from 6846:Czech Sociological Review 6702:– via Google Books. 6606:Vol 3, No 2, 1994. Page 4 6218:Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum 5709:, 19:1 (1985:Spring) p.45 5324:. In Hew Strachan (ed.). 4429:10.1080/13501670108577939 3979:This section needs to be 3961: 3912:evidence to disprove it. 3839: 3822:and graffiti against the 3473:came to the United States 3286:League of Polish Families 3279:Rethinking Poles and Jews 3238:American Jewish Committee 3232:around the world and all 3110:) and murdered following 2698:by detaching the city of 2646:Interwar Period (1918–39) 2470:Russo-Polish war of 1650s 2174:was coined by journalist 1274:Opposition to immigration 165:Race / Ethnicity 11624:Anti-Ukrainian sentiment 10817:Occupational segregation 10586:Compulsory sterilization 7604:"The Duke of Cumberland" 7456:"Unacceptable prejudice" 6007:; Routledge, 200 pages, 5755:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski, 5673:Canadian Slavonic Papers 5527:. Księgarnia Prawnicza, 5320:David Stevenson (2014). 5167:Uniwersytet Jagielloński 4163: 4131:have improved. In 2016, 4129:Germany–Poland relations 3517:Anti-Polish graffiti in 3503: 3218:operated by Nazi Germany 3008:Soviet massacre at Katyn 2940:Gestapo-NKVD Conferences 2749:operation, known as the 2681:Upper Silesia plebiscite 2257:, especially during the 1269:Occupational segregation 1038:Compulsory sterilization 11655:Anti-national sentiment 11345:Internalized oppression 11207:Fighting Discrimination 11197:Fat acceptance movement 11155:Anti-discrimination law 10795:Native American mascots 9511:Psychometrics of racism 8961:Anti-miscegenation laws 8432:14 October 2017 at the 8130:blogs.timesofisrael.com 8036:London Evening Standard 7386:"Early day motion 2529" 6470:Joanna Michlic (2004). 5707:East European Quarterly 4665:, Monday, 25 April 2011 3361:Jewish ghetto policeman 3349:Czy ja jestem mordercą? 3004:Operation Market Garden 2419:prior to and after its 2375:Johannes von Falkenberg 2291:Anti-Polish stereotypes 1819:Internalized oppression 1673:Fighting Discrimination 1663:Fat acceptance movement 1621:Anti-discrimination law 1247:Native American mascots 11614:Anti-Russian sentiment 11464:Social identity threat 11437:Reverse discrimination 11427:Racial color blindness 10907:Violence against women 10887:Sex-selective abortion 9476:Ethnic plastic surgery 8971:Biological determinism 8781:Quotations related to 8030:Micklethwaite, Jamie. 7515:. London. 31 July 2008 7115:. 2009. Archived from 7000:BBC News, 4 June 2008. 6536:5 January 2007 at the 6052:Empathy and its Limits 5968:Stanislaw Mikolajczyk 5604:Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski 5102:. 2003. Archived from 4338:Cosmopolitanreview.com 4251:"Deceiving the Public" 4008:Aleksander Kwaśniewski 3824:Polish Cultural Centre 3621:Barbara Tuge-Erecinska 3587:British National Party 3522: 3479:Since the late 1960s, 3410:what a Polish joke is. 3315:Władysław Bartoszewski 3305: 3293: 3176:the British historian 3078: 3046: 3035: 2860:Bromberger Blutsonntag 2842: 2837:1939 Soviet poster. A 2714: 2704:Spa Conference of 1920 2692:Lewis Bernstein Namier 2663: 2602: 2582:1830-1831 insurrection 2580:"During and after the 2521: 2468:invaded Poland at the 2452:, who would found the 2342: 2328:Second Polish Republic 2189: 2162: 2107:Ukrainian nationalists 2101:, most notably by the 2074:as their country, and 2059: 2050:, also referred to as 2044: 2041:German-occupied Poland 1938:Social identity threat 1911:Reverse discrimination 1901:Racial color blindness 1359:Violence against women 1339:Sex-selective abortion 11650:Anti-Slavic sentiment 11645:Anti-Polish sentiment 11609:Anti-Polish sentiment 11588:Anti-Slavic sentiment 11432:Religious intolerance 11392:Political correctness 11222:Intersex human rights 11170:Cultural assimilation 10852:Religious persecution 10616:Disability hate crime 10401:Jewish / Antisemitism 9396:In Jewish communities 9374:Hispanic & Latino 8112:www.timesofisrael.com 6890:"Poles and Prejudice" 6787:td (20 August 2014). 6673:The Mirth of Nations. 6558:on 15 September 2008. 6281:Jewish Social Studies 5806:23 March 2012 at the 5465:Gerhard L. Weinberg, 5430:THE REBIRTH OF POLAND 5084:on 30 September 2004. 4559:Matthew F. Jacobson, 4225:Jewish Social Studies 3920:On 14 November 2007, 3859:In a 2018 interview, 3516: 3310:Polish National Party 3056: 3037: 3030: 3014:Zofia Kossak-Szczucka 2836: 2773:Polish–Lithuanian War 2712: 2653: 2578: 2558:deportations of Poles 2515: 2337: 2313:use of colloquialisms 2184: 2142:on 9 September 1939. 2137: 2064:anti-Polish sentiment 2038: 1906:Religious intolerance 1866:Political correctness 1688:Intersex human rights 1636:Cultural assimilation 1304:Religious persecution 1068:Disability hate crime 847:Jewish / Antisemitism 11599:Anti-Croat sentiment 10837:Political repression 9846:Anti-left handedness 9836:Anti-intellectualism 9486:Herrenvolk democracy 8692:Tadeusz Piotrowski: 8652:Ersch, Johann Samuel 8387:BBC News UK. Quote: 7738:"Unoccupied Britain" 6689:The Mirth of Nations 5791:(IPN) Warszawa 2009 5307:Volker R. Berghahn, 5289:Christopher Browning 5212:Myroslav Shkandrij, 4886:6 March 2012 at the 4543:24 July 2011 at the 4210:15 June 2016 at the 4103:Witold Waszczykowski 3940:Something's Up There 3924:aired an episode of 3732:The Jewish Chronicle 3719:The Jewish Chronicle 3471:, Polish immigrants 3469:Partitions of Poland 3458:The Mirth of Nations 3365:Chrobry II Battalion 3294:Liga Polskich Rodzin 3230:Polish organizations 3158:Der Erzwungene Krieg 3116:Trial of the Sixteen 2971:pseudo-documentaries 2887:Nazi German genocide 2789:Polish–Ukrainian War 2727:polnische Wirtschaft 2556:executions and mass 2396:Johann Georg Forster 2351:partitions of Poland 2339:Partitions of Poland 2150:classified Poles as 2070:as an ethnic group, 1289:Political repression 276:Anti-left handedness 266:Anti-intellectualism 11619:Anti-Serb sentiment 11340:Historical eugenics 10877:Segregation academy 10857:Religious terrorism 10646:Enemy of the people 10554:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 10073:Jehovah's Witnesses 9966:Perpetual foreigner 9506:Perpetual foreigner 7748:on 19 October 2009. 7644:on 12 November 2009 7638:The Daily Telegraph 7374:on 13 January 2012. 7119:on 8 February 2009. 6207:on 27 February 2008 6173:on 19 February 2006 5827:. 21 February 2013. 5762:16 May 2016 at the 5659:Jonathan Wilkenfeld 5614:on 11 November 2017 5117:Liudmila Gatagova. 4788:, Progress-Verlag, 4784:Heinrich Reintjes, 4683:on 3 December 2013. 4074:Heroes and Villains 3769:European Parliament 3745:was interviewed by 3741:On 6 October 2009, 3680:. On 26 July 2008, 3606:politically correct 3215:concentration camps 3143:Edwin Erich Dwinger 2917:concentration camps 2668:the Second Republic 2488:Polish–Swedish wars 2427:Frederick the Great 1814:Historical eugenics 1329:Segregation academy 1309:Religious terrorism 1098:Enemy of the people 1006:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 511:Jehovah's Witnesses 396:Perpetual foreigner 11252:Social integration 11247:Self-determination 11237:Racial integration 11185:Diversity training 11175:Cultural pluralism 11150:Affirmative action 11050:Racial segregation 10960:Crime of apartheid 10862:Religious violence 10365:Indigenous people 9770:Sexual orientation 9536:Racial integration 9516:Race and sexuality 9321:Japanese Americans 9041:Racial segregation 9031:Racial nationalism 8685:Ryszard Torzecki: 8602:. 10 February 2012 8515:. 2 November 2017. 8190:. 18 February 2019 7933:on 9 November 2014 7850:on 22 October 2009 7417:. 29 December 2008 6459:on 10 August 2011. 6369:. 8 December 1989. 6326:Robert S. Wistrich 6139:In Hitler's Shadow 6137:Evans, Richard J. 6074:Lipstadt, Deborah 5984:by Peter Stachura 5846:on 16 August 2004. 5635:Michael MacQueen, 5553:Palgrave Macmillan 5149:Wasilij Szczukin, 5070:Mikhail Dolbilov. 5002:. 18 October 2016. 4822:Harvard University 4819:David Blackbourn, 4093:, Eastern Poland. 4026:Aleksey Spiridonov 3873:Mateusz Morawiecki 3757:Conservative Party 3706:British parliament 3653:Timothy Garton Ash 3648:Jonathan Freedland 3523: 3429:National Socialist 3271:The New York Times 3263:Tadeusz Mazowiecki 3234:Polish governments 3114:like the infamous 3079: 3036: 3000:Bernard Montgomery 2936:invasion of Poland 2891:General Government 2847:invasion of Poland 2843: 2715: 2677:Silesian Uprisings 2664: 2626:Toward the end of 2522: 2492:Sigismund III Vasa 2474:Bohdan Khmelnytsky 2421:invasion of Poland 2400:Vilnius University 2392:Harvard University 2343: 2163: 2160:invasion of Poland 2140:Ciepielów massacre 2045: 1718:Social integration 1713:Self-determination 1703:Racial integration 1651:Diversity training 1641:Cultural pluralism 1616:Affirmative action 1508:Racial segregation 1418:Crime of apartheid 1314:Religious violence 811:Indigenous people 192:Sexual orientation 11632: 11631: 11554: 11553: 11422:Racism by country 11350:Intersectionality 11335:Heteronormativity 11134:Voter suppression 10882:Sexual harassment 10681:Forced conversion 10601:Cultural genocide 10264:African Americans 10083:post–Cold War era 10068:Eastern Orthodoxy 9831:Anti-drug addicts 9826:Anti-homelessness 9753:Scientific racism 9609: 9608: 9357:African Americans 9304:Chinese Americans 9001:Ethnic stereotype 8674:, Toronto, 1993, 8656:"Erdbeschreibung" 8468:, Carnegie Europe 8413:Przegląd Sportowy 8234:on 22 August 2019 7980:Belfast Telegraph 6894:LSE Research News 6826:978-1-4094-9169-9 6714:ibidem. Page 177. 6712:Christie Davies. 6699:978-0-7658-0096-1 6670:Christie Davies, 6623:on 26 April 2008. 6590:on 10 March 2001. 6426:978-0-415-35593-3 6114:978-0-399-12436-5 6061:978-1-137-55237-2 6030:Peter D. Stachura 6005:Peter D. Stachura 5936:Peter D. Stachura 5924:978-0-330-35212-3 5898:978-1-62779-961-4 5797:978-83-7629-067-6 5651:A study of crisis 5606:(22 March 2011). 5555:, December 2002. 5434:http://web.ku.edu 5426:Anna M. Cienciala 5401:The Polish Review 5375:978-0-691-00797-7 5335:978-0-19-966338-5 5269:on 1 October 2006 5243:on 15 August 2014 5042:The Polish Review 5026:978-1-59797-246-8 5019:. Potomac Books. 4982:978-0-299-28983-6 4949:978-90-04-16983-8 4761:978-0-521-85332-3 4734:978-1-903153-10-9 4707:978-0-19-923211-6 4663:Ukrayinska Pravda 4583:on 30 April 2001. 4534:Liudmila Gatagova 4490:Leszczyński, Adam 4306:Johnny McDevitt. 4294:978-83-7629-067-6 4190:978-0-521-57697-0 4096:Polish President 4072:In his 2007 book 4000: 3999: 3932:Christopher Lloyd 3901:Marek Magierowski 3886:brigadier general 3787:Michael Schudrich 3598:Daniel Kawczynski 3421:displaced persons 3390:Polish historian 3369:Tomasz Strzembosz 3357:Calel Perechodnik 3296:) or the defunct 2973:claimed that the 2912:Intelligenzaktion 2851:Gleiwitz incident 2600: 2545:Liudmila Gatagova 2466:Tsardom of Russia 2413:primitive Slavdom 2255:Otto von Bismarck 2238:Habsburg monarchy 2182:, and concluded: 2039:German notice in 2033: 2032: 1896:Racism by country 1824:Intersectionality 1809:Heteronormativity 1592:Voter suppression 1334:Sexual harassment 1133:Forced conversion 1053:Cultural genocide 710:African Americans 521:post–Cold War era 506:Eastern Orthodoxy 261:Anti-drug addicts 256:Anti-homelessness 175:Scientific racism 16:(Redirected from 11662: 11581: 11574: 11567: 11558: 11557: 11544: 11543: 11534: 11533: 11474:Social privilege 11459:Social exclusion 11387:Police brutality 11308:Multiculturalism 11278:Amatonormativity 11109:Social exclusion 10945:Age of candidacy 10745:Homeless dumping 10651:Ethnic cleansing 9636: 9629: 9622: 9613: 9612: 9599: 9598: 9589: 9588: 9579: 9578: 9433:Racial supremacy 9391:Jewish Americans 9369:Native Americans 9338:Zainichi Koreans 9326:Japanese Koreans 9309:Zainichi Chinese 9282:Racism by target 9059:Global apartheid 9051:Racism by region 9036:Racial profiling 9026:Racial hierarchy 8827: 8820: 8813: 8804: 8803: 8792: 8780: 8746:M.B.B. Biskupski 8667: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8505: 8499: 8494: 8487: 8481: 8475: 8469: 8467: 8460: 8454: 8443: 8437: 8423: 8417: 8416: 8398: 8392: 8381: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8257: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8230:. Archived from 8224: 8218: 8217: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8007:. Archived from 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7929:. Archived from 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7568:on 20 July 2011. 7558: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7534: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7444:on 20 July 2011. 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7320:on 9 August 2008 7316:. Archived from 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7278: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7193: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7049:on 12 July 2010. 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7014: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6984:on 20 July 2011. 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6948: 6942: 6935:Andrew Norfolk, 6930: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6861: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6784: 6778: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6750: 6744: 6729:Dominic Pulera, 6727: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6683: 6677: 6668: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6613: 6607: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6579: 6573: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6547: 6541: 6528: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6476: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6403: 6397: 6390: 6384: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6363: 6354: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6256:. Archived from 6250: 6244: 6243: 6227: 6221: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6203:. Archived from 6197: 6191: 6189: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6169:. Archived from 6163: 6157: 6151:John C. Torpey, 6148: 6142: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6098: 6092: 6085: 6079: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6047: 6041: 6026: 6017: 5999: 5993: 5979: 5973: 5966: 5960: 5957: 5951: 5933: 5927: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5817: 5811: 5782: 5776: 5773: 5767: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5668: 5662: 5648: 5642: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5573: 5567: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5472: 5463: 5452: 5442: 5436: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5382: 5363: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5265:. Archived from 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5239:. Archived from 5233: 5227: 5210: 5204: 5184: 5178: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5076: 5067: 5058: 5057: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4970: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4919: 4913: 4896: 4890: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4839: 4837: 4831: 4816: 4805: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4672: 4666: 4656: 4650: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4606:on 8 March 2012. 4602:. Archived from 4591: 4585: 4584: 4572: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4531: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4366:. Ampoleagle.com 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4344:on 24 April 2012 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4220: 4214: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4174: 4078:David R. Marples 3995: 3992: 3986: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3702:early day motion 3392:Adam Leszczyński 3353:Am I a murderer? 3212: 3178:Richard J. Evans 3162:Holocaust denier 3151: 2979:Polish Air Force 2958:, including the 2948:prisoners of war 2944:ethnic cleansing 2751:Polish Operation 2747:ethnic cleansing 2737:During Stalin's 2719:Gerhard Weinberg 2632:Imperial Germany 2595: 2478:Swedish invasion 2450:House of Romanov 2273:Tsar Nicholas II 2176:Edmund Osmańczyk 2080:ethnic prejudice 2078:. These include 2025: 2018: 2011: 1948:Social privilege 1933:Social exclusion 1861:Police brutality 1782:Multiculturalism 1752:Amatonormativity 1567:Social exclusion 1403:Age of candidacy 1197:Homeless dumping 1103:Ethnic cleansing 55: 32: 31: 21: 11670: 11669: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11628: 11590: 11585: 11555: 11550: 11522: 11397:Polyculturalism 11293:Civil liberties 11261: 11242:Reappropriation 11143:Countermeasures 11138: 11067:Racial steering 11033:Numerus clausus 10937: 10931: 10656:Ethnic conflict 10591:Corrective rape 10542: 10182: 10029: 9921:HIV/AIDS stigma 9789: 9738:Mental disorder 9676: 9645: 9640: 9610: 9605: 9567: 9546:Racism in sport 9444: 9438:White supremacy 9277: 9045: 8981:Ethnic conflict 8953: 8947: 8841:Types of racism 8836: 8831: 8773: 8732: 8730:Further reading 8689:; Warsaw, 1993. 8670:Mikołaj Teres: 8647: 8642: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8628:. 28 April 2015 8620: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8579: 8577: 8560: 8556: 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6563: 6548: 6544: 6538:Wayback Machine 6526: 6525: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6484:on 3 March 2016 6481: 6474: 6468: 6464: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6427: 6419:. p. 167. 6404: 6400: 6391: 6387: 6378: 6374: 6365: 6364: 6357: 6346: 6342: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6228: 6224: 6210: 6208: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6187: 6176: 6174: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6149: 6145: 6136: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6099: 6095: 6086: 6082: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6048: 6044: 6027: 6020: 6000: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5934: 5930: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5836: 5832: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5808:Wayback Machine 5783: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5764:Wayback Machine 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5704: 5700: 5669: 5665: 5655:Michael Brecher 5649: 5645: 5634: 5630: 5617: 5615: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5583:on 3 March 2016 5575: 5574: 5570: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5504: 5502: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5480:Taylor, A.J.P. 5479: 5475: 5464: 5455: 5444:Norman Davies, 5443: 5439: 5424: 5420: 5397: 5393: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5318: 5314: 5306: 5302: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5211: 5207: 5185: 5181: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5128:on 24 July 2011 5125: 5115: 5111: 5106:on 29 May 2007. 5094: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5011: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4897: 4893: 4888:Wayback Machine 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4856:"H-Net Reviews" 4854: 4853: 4849: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4817: 4808: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4673: 4669: 4657: 4653: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4600:Gazeta Wyborcza 4592: 4588: 4573: 4569: 4558: 4551: 4545:Wayback Machine 4532: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4502: 4500: 4487: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4456: 4452: 4413: 4409: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4304: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4221: 4217: 4212:Wayback Machine 4202: 4198: 4191: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4149: 4121: 4115: 4070: 4050:Polish minority 4038: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3948:Polish-American 3918: 3844:The politician 3842: 3765:Law and Justice 3736:Stephen Pollard 3619:in London with 3511: 3506: 3481:Polish American 3454:Christie Davies 3406: 3400: 3373:Gazeta Wyborcza 3345:Gazeta Wyborcza 3341:Warsaw Uprising 3334:Jedwabne pogrom 3247: 3241:unchallenged." 3210: 3207: 3201: 3145: 3128:cursed soldiers 3051: 2942:). Elements of 2831: 2829:Ponary massacre 2807:Main articles: 2805: 2731:A. J. P. Taylor 2660:Teutonic knight 2648: 2636:Congress Poland 2566:Tsar Nicholas I 2538:Imperial Russia 2462:Orthodox belief 2439:Polish language 2332: 2293: 2271:, mainly under 2265:First World War 2218:popular culture 2194: 2168: 2088:Polish diaspora 2029: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1871:Polyculturalism 1767:Civil liberties 1739: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1708:Reappropriation 1608: 1607:Countermeasures 1600: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1525:Racial steering 1491:Numerus clausus 1395: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1108:Ethnic conflict 1043:Corrective rape 998: 990: 989: 988: 987: 986: 635: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 473: 463: 462: 461: 460: 459: 351:HIV/AIDS stigma 223: 215: 214: 213: 212: 211: 160:Mental disorder 102: 94: 93: 92: 91: 90: 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11668: 11658: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11584: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11561: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11538: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11514: 11513: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11442:Reverse racism 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11412:Prisoner abuse 11409: 11404: 11402:Power distance 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11368: 11367: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11320:Ethnic penalty 11317: 11316: 11315: 11313:Neurodiversity 11310: 11300: 11298:Dehumanization 11295: 11290: 11288:Cisnormativity 11285: 11280: 11275: 11269: 11267: 11266:Related topics 11263: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11188: 11187: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11124:State religion 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11105: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11063: 11062: 11060:Nuremberg Laws 11057: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 11002:Ghetto benches 10999: 10997:Gerrymandering 10994: 10989: 10984: 10982:Gender pay gap 10979: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10941: 10939: 10936:Discriminatory 10933: 10932: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10765:Lavender scare 10762: 10760:Kill Haole Day 10757: 10755:Indian rolling 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10731: 10730: 10720: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10641:Eliminationism 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10576:Cancel culture 10573: 10568: 10563: 10562: 10561: 10550: 10548: 10547:Manifestations 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10443:Middle Eastern 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10409: 10408: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10193: 10191: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10178:Zoroastrianism 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10154: 10153: 10143: 10142: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10105:Untouchability 10102: 10092: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10039: 10037: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10005: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9931:Leprosy stigma 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9684: 9682: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9653: 9651: 9647: 9646: 9643:Discrimination 9639: 9638: 9631: 9624: 9616: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9593: 9583: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9558:Reverse racism 9555: 9554: 9553: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9531:Racial figleaf 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9452: 9450: 9449:Related topics 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9408:Middle Eastern 9405: 9400: 9399: 9398: 9393: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9371: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9359: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9323: 9313: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9291: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9253: 9252: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9204: 9203: 9202: 9200:United Kingdom 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9142: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9061: 9055: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8957: 8955: 8952:Manifestations 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8830: 8829: 8822: 8815: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8786: 8772: 8771:External links 8769: 8768: 8767: 8756: 8743: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8705: 8690: 8683: 8668: 8654:, ed. (1810). 8646: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8613: 8587: 8554: 8536: 8531:news.yahoo.com 8518: 8500: 8482: 8480:, Radio Poland 8470: 8455: 8438: 8418: 8393: 8373: 8346: 8313: 8295: 8277: 8245: 8219: 8201: 8175: 8149: 8146:. 10 May 2019. 8135: 8117: 8099: 8066: 8048: 8022: 8005:Cambridge News 7992: 7966: 7944: 7913: 7888: 7861: 7835: 7805: 7778: 7751: 7729: 7706: 7685: 7655: 7625: 7594: 7571: 7550: 7526: 7500: 7473: 7447: 7428: 7402: 7377: 7358: 7331: 7300: 7270: 7244: 7213: 7181: 7160: 7143: 7122: 7100: 7073: 7052: 7034: 7002: 6987: 6968: 6943: 6925: 6899: 6881: 6852:(3): 380–386. 6832: 6825: 6805: 6779: 6766: 6745: 6717: 6705: 6698: 6678: 6663: 6653: 6626: 6608: 6593: 6574: 6561: 6542: 6529:Romuald Bury, 6516: 6495: 6462: 6440: 6425: 6398: 6385: 6379:Adam Michnik, 6372: 6355: 6340: 6338:, 1995 p. 281. 6318: 6306: 6287:(3): 135–176. 6271: 6260:on 18 May 2015 6245: 6242:on 7 May 2005. 6222: 6192: 6188:20 August 2004 6158: 6143: 6127: 6113: 6093: 6080: 6067: 6060: 6042: 6018: 5994: 5974: 5961: 5952: 5928: 5911: 5897: 5877: 5863: 5849: 5830: 5812: 5777: 5768: 5748: 5736: 5723: 5711: 5698: 5679:(4): 473–500. 5663: 5643: 5628: 5594: 5568: 5541: 5512: 5499:The Book Haven 5486: 5473: 5453: 5437: 5418: 5391: 5374: 5348: 5334: 5312: 5300: 5280: 5254: 5228: 5205: 5179: 5139: 5109: 5087: 5059: 5048:(4): 387–392. 5032: 5025: 5005: 4991: 4981: 4955: 4948: 4928: 4914: 4891: 4882:(Book review) 4876:Susan Parman, 4869: 4847: 4806: 4774: 4760: 4740: 4733: 4713: 4706: 4686: 4667: 4651: 4633: 4609: 4586: 4567: 4549: 4547:The CRN E-book 4523: 4514: 4478: 4450: 4407: 4386:Pula, James S. 4377: 4355: 4325: 4298: 4281: 4263: 4242: 4215: 4196: 4189: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4148: 4145: 4125:European Union 4114: 4111: 4069: 4066: 4037: 4034: 4014:Rzeczpospolita 3998: 3997: 3978: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3936:Steven Levitan 3917: 3914: 3890:Yitzhak Shamir 3841: 3838: 3814:Following the 3802:Prime Minister 3783:David Cesarani 3752:Channel 4 News 3724:Fuck the Poles 3700:, but also an 3617:Polish Embassy 3575:Polish British 3535:Czech Republic 3527:EU enlargement 3519:Thornton Heath 3510: 3509:United Kingdom 3507: 3505: 3502: 3465:anti-immigrant 3402:Main article: 3399: 3398:"Polish jokes" 3396: 3326:Joanna Michlic 3319:Kazimierz Kutz 3317:and filmmaker 3259:Yitzhak Shamir 3246: 3243: 3222:Final Solution 3203:Main article: 3200: 3197: 3050: 3047: 2990:Stepan Bandera 2975:Polish cavalry 2960:intelligentsia 2952:Katyn Massacre 2821:Polish decrees 2804: 2801: 2647: 2644: 2549:Polish culture 2454:Russian Empire 2402:by the Polish 2380:King of Poland 2359:Personal union 2355:Teutonic Order 2331: 2324: 2320:Polish plumber 2309:Vladimir Putin 2292: 2289: 2222: 2221: 2211: 2208: 2201: 2193: 2190: 2167: 2164: 2084:discrimination 2031: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2020: 2013: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1916:Reverse racism 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886:Prisoner abuse 1883: 1878: 1876:Power distance 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1794:Ethnic penalty 1791: 1790: 1789: 1787:Neurodiversity 1784: 1774: 1772:Dehumanization 1769: 1764: 1762:Cisnormativity 1759: 1754: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1738:Related topics 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1582:State religion 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1518:Nuremberg Laws 1515: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1460:Ghetto benches 1457: 1455:Gerrymandering 1452: 1447: 1442: 1440:Gender pay gap 1437: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1217:Lavender scare 1214: 1212:Kill Haole Day 1209: 1207:Indian rolling 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1093:Eliminationism 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1028:Cancel culture 1025: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999: 997:Manifestations 996: 995: 992: 991: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 889:Middle Eastern 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 855: 854: 844: 839: 834: 829: 828: 827: 822: 817: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 723: 722: 717: 712: 702: 697: 692: 691: 690: 685: 680: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 639: 638: 637: 636: 630: 629: 626: 625: 619: 618: 616:Zoroastrianism 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 592: 591: 581: 580: 579: 578: 577: 572: 567: 562: 547: 546: 545: 543:Untouchability 540: 530: 525: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 493: 488: 483: 477: 476: 475: 474: 469: 468: 465: 464: 458: 457: 452: 447: 446: 445: 440: 435: 425: 424: 423: 418: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 361:Leprosy stigma 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 227: 226: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 178: 177: 172: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 106: 105: 104: 103: 100: 99: 96: 95: 89: 88: 83: 78: 73: 67: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 45:Discrimination 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11667: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11596: 11593: 11589: 11582: 11577: 11575: 11570: 11568: 11563: 11562: 11559: 11547: 11539: 11537: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11519: 11516: 11512: 11509: 11508: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11496:Social stigma 11494: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11366: 11363: 11362: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11305: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11264: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11186: 11183: 11182: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11141: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11119:State atheism 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11055:Jim Crow laws 11053: 11052: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11040:One-drop rule 11038: 11036: 11034: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10955:Blood quantum 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10942: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10902:Victimisation 10900: 10898: 10897:Trans bashing 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10867:Religious war 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10847:Racialization 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10729: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10718:Glass ceiling 10716: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10661:Ethnic hatred 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10596:Counter-jihad 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10556: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10380: 10379:United States 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10243: 10242:United States 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10185: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10163:Protestantism 10161: 10159: 10156: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10118: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10078:LDS or Mormon 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10008:Transmisogyny 10006: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9911:Gerontophobia 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9841:Anti-intersex 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9816:Anti-albinism 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9679: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657:Institutional 9655: 9654: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9637: 9632: 9630: 9625: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9614: 9602: 9594: 9592: 9584: 9582: 9574: 9573: 9570: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9447: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9428:Wine industry 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9384: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9334: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9257: 9256:South America 9254: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9244:United States 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9235: 9234:North America 9232: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9205: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9021:Racialization 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8986:Ethnic hatred 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8903:Laissez-faire 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8888:Institutional 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8873:Environmental 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8828: 8823: 8821: 8816: 8814: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8799:at Wiktionary 8798: 8797: 8796:Anti-Polonism 8791: 8787: 8784: 8783:Anti-Polonism 8779: 8775: 8774: 8765: 8764:0-253-21771-7 8761: 8757: 8755: 8754:0-8131-2559-6 8751: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8741:1-936235-15-3 8738: 8734: 8733: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8717:83-7063-148-7 8714: 8710: 8706: 8703: 8702:0-7864-0773-5 8699: 8695: 8691: 8688: 8684: 8681: 8680:0-9698020-0-5 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8601: 8597: 8591: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8479: 8474: 8465: 8459: 8453:, pp. 203-237 8452: 8448: 8442: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8378: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8328:NY Daily News 8324: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8265: 8261: 8256: 8249: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8164:. 24 May 2018 8163: 8159: 8153: 8145: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8070: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7996: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7954: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7766: 7762: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7742:The Economist 7739: 7733: 7717: 7710: 7695: 7689: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7598: 7582: 7575: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7539: 7533: 7531: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7451: 7443: 7439: 7432: 7416: 7412: 7406: 7391: 7390:UK Parliament 7387: 7381: 7373: 7369: 7362: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7308:Tara Conlan. 7304: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7275: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7185: 7170: 7164: 7153: 7147: 7132: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7062: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6994: 6992: 6983: 6979: 6972: 6957: 6953: 6947: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6828: 6822: 6818: 6817: 6809: 6794: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6770: 6755: 6749: 6742: 6741:0-8264-1643-8 6738: 6734: 6733: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6682: 6676: 6674: 6667: 6657: 6650: 6649:0-226-11230-6 6646: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6630: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6589: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6565: 6557: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6523: 6521: 6505: 6499: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6402: 6395: 6389: 6382: 6376: 6368: 6362: 6360: 6352: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6310: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6185: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6155: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6097: 6090: 6084: 6077: 6071: 6063: 6057: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6038:0-7146-8444-9 6035: 6031: 6025: 6023: 6016: 6014: 6013:0-7146-8444-9 6010: 6006: 5998: 5991: 5990:0-7146-8444-9 5987: 5983: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5956: 5949: 5948:0-415-34358-5 5945: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5900: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5881: 5873: 5867: 5859: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5838:Per Finsted. 5834: 5826: 5822: 5816: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5772: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5708: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5632: 5625: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5561:1-4039-0119-8 5558: 5554: 5551: 5545: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5470: 5469: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5450: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5377: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5352: 5337: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5297: 5296:0-09-945482-3 5293: 5290: 5284: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5225: 5224:0-7735-2234-4 5221: 5217: 5216: 5209: 5203: 5202:0-275-96141-9 5199: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5153: 5143: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5064: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4968: 4959: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4911:963-9241-18-0 4908: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4857: 4851: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4778: 4763: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4641:Vladimir Dahl 4637: 4621: 4620: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4554: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4518: 4511: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4423:(1): 95–100. 4422: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4365: 4359: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4277: 4276:www.ushmm.org 4273: 4267: 4252: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4205:Anti-Polonism 4200: 4192: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4156: 4153: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133:Martin Schulz 4130: 4126: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4005: 3994: 3982: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3916:United States 3913: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3884:, an Israeli 3883: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3805:David Cameron 3803: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3778:The Economist 3774: 3770: 3767:Party in the 3766: 3762: 3761:David Cameron 3758: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3711:The Economist 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694:The Holocaust 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3644:The Guardian' 3640: 3639:Efraim Zuroff 3636: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3611:In 2009, the 3609: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3515: 3501: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3491:Karol Wojtyła 3487: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3425:United States 3422: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3228:, as well as 3227: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154:Bloody Sunday 3149: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112:staged trials 3109: 3108:Ł. Ciepliński 3105: 3102:agents (see: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3092:Armia Krajowa 3088: 3084: 3083:Joseph Stalin 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3045: 3042: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2905:, as well as 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2766:Yezhovshchina 2763: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2534:Russification 2531: 2527: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458:Rurik dynasty 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2251:German Empire 2247: 2246:Polakożerstwo 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226:polakożerstwo 2219: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076:their culture 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:anti-Polonism 2049: 2042: 2037: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1970:Social stigma 1968: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1735: 1734: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1577:State atheism 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513:Jim Crow laws 1511: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1498:One-drop rule 1496: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1413:Blood quantum 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1391: 1390: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1354:Victimisation 1352: 1350: 1349:Trans bashing 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1319:Religious war 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1299:Racialization 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1170:Glass ceiling 1168: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1113:Ethnic hatred 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1048:Counter-jihad 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 994: 993: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 853: 850: 849: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 826: 825:United States 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 689: 688:United States 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 675: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 634: 628: 627: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 601:Protestantism 599: 597: 594: 590: 587: 586: 585: 582: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 552: 551: 548: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 531: 529: 526: 522: 519: 517: 516:LDS or Mormon 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 472: 467: 466: 456: 453: 451: 448: 444: 441: 439: 438:Transmisogyny 436: 434: 431: 430: 429: 426: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 341:Gerontophobia 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 271:Anti-intersex 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 246:Anti-albinism 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 219: 218: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 98: 97: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 71:Institutional 69: 68: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 11608: 11330:Gender-blind 11217:Human rights 11045:Racial quota 11032: 11012:Jewish quota 10992:Gerontocracy 10987:Gender roles 10965:Disabilities 10950:Blood purity 10922:Wife selling 10912:White flight 10892:Slut-shaming 10872:Scapegoating 10790:Murder music 10472: 10463:Palestinians 10406:Anti-Zionism 10274:South Africa 10259:Black people 10237:South Africa 10058:Christianity 10048:Baháʼí Faith 9976:Sectarianism 9916:Heterosexism 9881:Ephebiphobia 9851:Anti-Masonry 9718:Hair texture 9551:in Australia 9541:Racial quota 9185:Soviet Union 9128:Saudi Arabia 9069:South Africa 8996:Ethnic slurs 8991:Ethnic jokes 8893:Internalized 8795: 8785:at Wikiquote 8708: 8693: 8686: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8645:Bibliography 8630:. 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Retrieved 4312:The Guardian 4311: 4301: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4254:. Retrieved 4245: 4231:(1): 27–42. 4228: 4224: 4218: 4199: 4179: 4172: 4154: 4150: 4137:Andrzej Duda 4122: 4098:Andrzej Duda 4095: 4073: 4071: 4040:The former " 4039: 4030:Polonophobic 4023: 4012: 4001: 3988: 3980: 3925: 3919: 3898: 3870: 3858: 3843: 3835: 3832: 3813: 3791: 3776: 3750: 3740: 3731: 3723: 3717: 3709: 3697: 3675: 3669: 3665:antisemitism 3643: 3634:The Guardian 3632: 3631: 3624: 3610: 3594:Conservative 3591: 3524: 3495: 3478: 3462: 3457: 3447: 3436: 3432: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3389: 3377:Adam Michnik 3372: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3330:Jan T. Gross 3323: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3267:Adam Michnik 3256: 3248: 3211:World War II 3208: 3193:Polish jokes 3185:East Germany 3182: 3168: 3165:David Hoggan 3157: 3140: 3136:trade unions 3132: 3124:Soviet Union 3090: 3080: 3057:Memorial to 3038: 3012: 2998: 2987: 2968: 2933: 2910: 2883:World War II 2880: 2876:Karol Karski 2873: 2868: 2865: 2858: 2844: 2786: 2770: 2743:Soviet Union 2739:Great Terror 2736: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2685: 2665: 2625: 2621:Rugi Pruskie 2620: 2613: 2603: 2589: 2579: 2570: 2542: 2523: 2503:liberum veto 2500: 2482: 2443: 2425: 2417:German Reich 2412: 2389: 2344: 2317: 2296: 2294: 2285:Soviet Union 2258: 2245: 2225: 2223: 2195: 2185: 2172:antypolonizm 2171: 2169: 2148:Nazi Germany 2129:anti-Semites 2125:stereotyping 2122: 2115: 2103:German Nazis 2099:World War II 2092: 2063: 2060:Antypolonizm 2051: 2048:Polonophobia 2047: 2046: 1804:Gender-blind 1683:Human rights 1503:Racial quota 1490: 1470:Jewish quota 1450:Gerontocracy 1445:Gender roles 1423:Disabilities 1408:Blood purity 1374:Wife selling 1364:White flight 1344:Slut-shaming 1324:Scapegoating 1242:Murder music 909:Palestinians 852:Anti-Zionism 720:South Africa 705:Black people 683:South Africa 496:Christianity 486:Baháʼí Faith 406:Sectarianism 346:Heterosexism 311:Ephebiphobia 281:Anti-Masonry 140:Hair texture 29: 18:Polonophobia 11232:Nonviolence 11227:LGBT rights 11192:Empowerment 11160:Anti-racism 11082:Segregation 11027:No kid zone 10827:Persecution 10740:Hate speech 10691:Gay bashing 10666:Ethnic joke 10621:Dog whistle 10566:Blood libel 10254:Azerbaijani 10158:Neopaganism 10151:Persecution 10117:Persecution 10100:Persecution 10063:Catholicism 9998:Transphobia 9981:Supremacism 9936:Lesbophobia 9856:Aporophobia 9821:Anti-autism 9672:Taste-based 9667:Statistical 9466:Anti-racism 9207:Middle East 9101:South Korea 9096:North Korea 9011:Hate speech 8933:Substantive 8913:Neocolonial 8632:16 December 8606:16 December 8580:16 December 8339:28 November 8061:www.msn.com 7985:24 February 7959:24 February 7587:29 February 7493:25 February 7415:Krakow Post 6633:Ted Cohen, 6527:(in Polish) 6488:24 February 6220:, May 1999. 6104:The Germans 5505:29 February 5341:25 February 5188:Vilho Harle 5147:(in Polish) 5132:24 February 4782:(in German) 4503:20 December 4465:Der Spiegel 4147:Netherlands 4046:Lech Wałęsa 3930:created by 3927:Back to You 3877:Israel Katz 3828:Hammersmith 3743:Stephen Fry 3686:ethnic slur 3682:Giles Coren 3661:nationalism 3657:Catholicism 3608:to do so." 3404:Polish joke 3381:anti-goyism 3343:, a Polish 3251:Józef Glemp 3189:Solidarność 3173:Ernst Nolte 3146: [ 2853:was a Nazi 2762:labor camps 2723:Saisonstaat 2696:Curzon line 2628:World War I 2598:Vilho Harle 2591:Taras Bulba 2371:Catholicism 2349:during the 2326:Before the 2311:'s liberal 2260:Kulturkampf 2214:Stereotypes 1698:Nonviolence 1693:LGBT rights 1658:Empowerment 1626:Anti-racism 1540:Segregation 1485:No kid zone 1279:Persecution 1192:Hate speech 1143:Gay bashing 1118:Ethnic joke 1073:Dog whistle 1018:Blood libel 700:Azerbaijani 596:Neopaganism 589:Persecution 555:Persecution 538:Persecution 501:Catholicism 428:Transphobia 411:Supremacism 366:Lesbophobia 286:Aporophobia 251:Anti-autism 86:Taste-based 81:Statistical 11639:Categories 11506:Stereotype 11501:Speciesism 11382:Oppression 11377:Oikophobia 11273:Allophilia 11257:Toleration 11114:Sodomy law 11007:Internment 10927:Witch-hunt 10805:Blackhawks 10735:Hate group 10723:Hate crime 10696:Gendercide 10686:Freak show 10676:Excellence 10636:Employment 10606:Defamation 10538:Vietnamese 10533:Venezuelan 10423:Lithuanian 10090:Falun Gong 10025:Xenophobia 10020:Vegaphobia 10003:Non-binary 9961:Pedophobia 9926:Homophobia 9748:Skin color 9708:Disability 9681:Attributes 9662:Structural 9345:Vietnamese 9118:Arab world 9016:Hate group 9006:Hate crime 8943:Xenophobia 8923:Scientific 8908:Linguistic 8569:EUobserver 8366:2 February 7854:19 October 7648:12 October 7610:. London. 7229:. London. 6918:28 October 6793:Onet Sport 6743:. Page 99. 6638:- Page 21. 6504:"Spowiedź" 6415:. London: 6107:. Putnam. 6089:Commentary 5904:20 October 4790:Düsseldorf 4471:26 October 4318:20 October 4159:References 4117:See also: 4091:Hruszowice 4042:Solidarity 3991:April 2024 3861:Anna Azari 3846:Yair Lapid 3820:Huntingdon 3651:articles, 3626:Daily Mail 3525:Since the 3486:David Ives 3269:wrote for 3104:W. Pilecki 3065:, western 2874:Historian 2855:false flag 2745:, a major 2609:the revolt 2573:Panslavist 2553:Namestniks 2520:(painting) 2444:After the 2408:Lebensraum 2205:xenophobic 2156:war crimes 2152:"subhuman" 1980:Stereotype 1975:Speciesism 1856:Oppression 1851:Oikophobia 1747:Allophilia 1723:Toleration 1572:Sodomy law 1465:Internment 1379:Witch-hunt 1257:Blackhawks 1187:Hate group 1175:Hate crime 1148:Gendercide 1138:Freak show 1128:Excellence 1088:Employment 1058:Defamation 982:Vietnamese 977:Venezuelan 869:Lithuanian 528:Falun Gong 455:Xenophobia 450:Vegaphobia 433:Non-binary 391:Pedophobia 356:Homophobia 170:Skin color 130:Disability 101:Attributes 76:Structural 11479:Christian 11407:Prejudice 11355:Masculism 11303:Diversity 11097:religious 11072:Redlining 10671:Ethnocide 10631:Education 10523:Ukrainian 10458:Pakistani 10448:Mongolian 10369:Australia 10351:Hungarian 10306:Colombian 10286:Bulgarian 10168:Rastafari 10122:Ahmadiyya 10035:Religious 10013:Trans men 9971:Pregnancy 9906:Gayphobia 9901:Fatphobia 9806:Acephobia 9801:Arophobia 9785:Viewpoint 9526:Race card 9461:Alt-right 9261:Argentina 9222:Palestine 9140:Australia 8966:Apartheid 8954:of racism 8626:DutchNews 8360:Warsaw FM 8308:www.rp.pl 8238:22 August 7828:9 October 7818:Channel 4 7798:9 October 7722:9 October 7678:9 October 7668:Channel 4 7608:The Times 7513:The Times 7487:The Times 7466:6 January 7345:The Times 6938:The Times 6868:0038-0288 6675:Page 176. 6417:Routledge 6407:Cas Mudde 6336:Routledge 6293:0021-6704 6211:20 August 4942:. BRILL. 4836:7 January 4498:oko.press 4445:162660808 4437:1350-1674 4058:Lithuania 4036:Lithuania 3698:The Times 3677:The Times 3584:far-right 3551:Lithuania 3450:Wisconsin 3414:affective 3087:Home Army 3075:Ukrainian 3022:Auschwitz 2921:Auschwitz 2869:leitmotiv 2361:with the 2166:Etymology 2118:Auschwitz 1953:Christian 1881:Prejudice 1829:Masculism 1777:Diversity 1555:religious 1530:Redlining 1123:Ethnocide 1083:Education 967:Ukrainian 904:Pakistani 894:Mongolian 815:Australia 797:Hungarian 752:Colombian 732:Bulgarian 606:Rastafari 560:Ahmadiyya 471:Religious 443:Trans men 401:Pregnancy 336:Gayphobia 331:Fatphobia 236:Acephobia 231:Arophobia 207:Viewpoint 11536:Category 11518:The talk 11454:Snobbery 11372:Net bias 11202:Feminism 11129:Ugly law 10970:Catholic 10938:policies 10785:Mortgage 10780:Lynching 10711:examples 10706:Genocide 10626:Economic 10611:Democide 10571:Bullying 10488:Romanian 10453:Nigerian 10396:Japanese 10331:Georgian 10316:Filipino 10249:Assyrian 10222:Armenian 10212:American 10207:Albanian 10189:National 10173:Yazidism 10095:Hinduism 10053:Buddhism 9956:Nepotism 9951:Misogyny 9946:Misandry 9871:Clannism 9866:Biphobia 9811:Adultism 9728:Language 9581:Category 9496:Lynching 9471:Casteism 9316:Japanese 9175:Portugal 9106:Thailand 9074:Zimbabwe 8938:Symbolic 8928:Societal 8918:Romantic 8883:Gendered 8863:Cultural 8853:Colorism 8848:Aversive 8574:Archived 8449:, 2007, 8430:Archived 8333:Archived 8264:Archived 8194:22 April 8188:NBC News 7881:25 April 7877:. London 7822:Archived 7792:Archived 7771:25 April 7767:. London 7694:"Poland" 7672:Archived 7612:Archived 7519:25 April 7489:. London 7460:Archived 7351:25 April 7347:. London 7289:. London 7263:25 April 7237:25 April 7231:Archived 7200:Archived 7093:25 April 7089:. London 7021:Archived 6956:BBC News 6913:BBC News 6876:24642799 6643:, 1999. 6534:Archived 6435:55228719 6409:(2005). 6396:Page 25. 5950:Page 166 5926:Page 182 5804:Archived 5760:Archived 5693:40868197 5618:28 April 5587:28 April 5534:28 April 5413:25778017 5226:Page 69. 5054:27920649 4884:Archived 4825:(2000). 4626:20 April 4541:Archived 4492:(2018). 4402:27502139 4370:20 April 4348:20 April 4314:. London 4296:. Page 9 4208:Archived 3952:kielbasa 3938:called " 3794:Dagenham 3747:Jon Snow 3615:and the 3567:Slovenia 3563:Slovakia 3187:against 3071:graffiti 3049:Post-war 2994:Volhynia 2919:such as 2839:Red Army 2616:Bismarck 2596:— Prof. 2435:Iroquois 2365:and the 2305:Masovian 2192:Features 2109:. 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