Knowledge

Mexico and weapons of mass destruction

Source 📝

338: 31: 914: 511:
to the United States. The US would help convert highly enriched uranium stored at Mexican research facilities into a less enriched form unsuitable for weapons, thus eliminating all highly enriched uranium in Mexico. Later in March 2012
777: 860: 469:
During the sixties, the most relevant scientific project on the country was the construction of the Salazar Nuclear Center in the state of Mexico, which started in 1964. Two years later, the center already possessed a
399:, which is used in nuclear power plants and in the construction of nuclear weapons. However, the country agreed in 2012 to downgrade the high enriched uranium used on its nuclear power plants to 489:
In 1961 the Mexican government argued that the use of nuclear weapons could not be justified under the right to self-defense in the UN charter. Seven years later the country would sign the
500:
In 2000, Mexico was one of 7 nations launching a declaration "Towards a Nuclear Weapon Free World: The Need for a New Agenda" calling for further action to implement the provisions of the
431:. Given its huge importance, the investigation of nuclear sciences formally began in the late 1940s with two fields of interest: energetic and non-energetic applications and the study of 868: 481:. In 1972, the CNEN changed its name to ININ (National Institute for Nuclear Research). However, regardless of the new name, its objective remains the same until today. 324: 367: 501: 934: 268: 69: 273: 644: 542: 320: 228: 223: 248: 233: 193: 183: 178: 278: 616: 360: 93: 88: 427:
for medical activities since the 1920s exists, practices that strengthened during the next decades alongside the use of industrial
203: 188: 103: 263: 208: 173: 128: 83: 78: 258: 243: 213: 198: 148: 123: 108: 98: 821: 253: 163: 158: 133: 118: 113: 353: 341: 143: 138: 839: 387:. However, it has renounced them and has pledged to only use its nuclear technology for peaceful purposes following the 528: 404: 471: 217: 497:
countries agreed not to manufacture nuclear weapons and to limit its nuclear technology for peaceful purposes only.
153: 799: 451: 769: 294: 939: 304: 743: 538:(NSG) as an observer state, which the US claimed as an achievement in preventing nuclear proliferation. 904: 22: 944: 918: 569: 861:"Ambassador Wayne Praises Mexico's Efforts to Prevent the Spread of Nuclear Weapons and Technology" 588: 535: 508: 396: 689: 299: 725: 620: 524: 490: 474: 463: 400: 388: 60: 8: 554: 527:(3%, a level of enrichment unsuitable for weapons) for the Mexican nuclear power plant 507:
In April 2010, the Mexican government reportedly reached an agreement to turn over its
432: 45: 726:"Latin American and Caribbean Nuclear-Weapons-Free-Zone Treaty Nears Half-Century" 668: 443: 439: 383:
has no nuclear weapons, but it possesses the technical capability to manufacture
50: 744:"Mexico and Six Other Countries Launch Declaration on Nuclear Weapon Free World" 384: 238: 55: 928: 513: 494: 438:
The CNEN (Mexico's Nuclear Energy National Committee) started nine programs:
564: 559: 519:
In October 2010 Mexico signed a contract with the Russian uranium supplier
447: 428: 424: 822:"NNSA Highly Enriched Uranium Removal Featured on The Rachel Maddow Show" 391:
in 1967. In the 1970s, Mexico's National Institute for Nuclear Research (
516:
reported that all highly enriched uranium had been removed from Mexico.
807: 420: 882: 459: 455: 520: 30: 416: 380: 478: 545:
on September 20, 2017, and ratified it on January 16, 2018.
419:
since the late 19th century. Evidence of the use of various
410: 403:. This process was carried out with the assistance of the 669:"Russia and US to dispose of tonnes of surplus plutonium" 484: 902: 589:"Nuclear Capabilities And Potential Around The World" 502:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 395:, or ININ) successfully achieved the creation of 926: 712:The Legality of Threat Or Use of Nuclear Weapons 663: 661: 639: 637: 393:Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares 865:Embassy of the United States in Mexico website 16:Nuclear armaments in the United Mexican States 658: 634: 361: 543:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 415:Mexico has been using technologies such as 828:. US Department of Energy. March 22, 2012. 770:"Obama: 'Real progress' at nuclear summit" 730:International Atomic Energy Agency website 452:industrial applications for nuclear energy 368: 354: 29: 709: 611: 609: 619:. Opanal.org. 1963-11-27. Archived from 411:Nuclear energy in Mexico through history 645:"Mexico to slash weapons-grade uranium" 935:Weapons of mass destruction by country 927: 606: 442:, education and training, seminaries, 534:In 2012 Mexico was admitted into the 840:"Russia boosts nuclear fuel exports" 485:Official attitude to nuclear weapons 13: 780:from the original on March 5, 2012 714:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 129. 617:"Text of the Treaty of Tlatelolco" 493:in which Mexico and several other 405:International Atomic Energy Agency 14: 956: 912: 842:. World Nuclear News. 2010-10-06 806:. March 21, 2012. Archived from 337: 336: 875: 867:. June 25, 2012. Archived from 853: 832: 814: 792: 762: 736: 718: 703: 682: 581: 1: 575: 7: 548: 23:Weapons of mass destruction 10: 961: 570:Agencia Espacial Mexicana 710:Burroughs, John (1998). 536:Nuclear Suppliers Group 509:highly enriched uranium 397:highly enriched uranium 748:People's Daily (China) 671:. BBC News. 2010-04-13 871:on February 18, 2013. 810:on December 25, 2019. 464:radiologic protection 525:low enriched uranium 523:, which will supply 491:Treaty of Tlatelolco 475:particle accelerator 472:tandem Van de Graaff 401:low enriched uranium 389:Treaty of Tlatelolco 940:Military of Mexico 919:Nuclear technology 887:treaties.unoda.org 692:. ININ. 2013-07-23 555:Military of Mexico 541:Mexico signed the 378: 377: 952: 945:Nuclear programs 917: 916: 915: 908: 898: 897: 895: 893: 883:"UNODA Treaties" 879: 873: 872: 857: 851: 850: 848: 847: 836: 830: 829: 818: 812: 811: 796: 790: 789: 787: 785: 766: 760: 759: 757: 755: 740: 734: 733: 722: 716: 715: 707: 701: 700: 698: 697: 686: 680: 679: 677: 676: 665: 656: 655: 653: 652: 641: 632: 631: 629: 628: 613: 604: 603: 601: 599: 585: 433:nuclear sciences 370: 363: 356: 340: 339: 321:List of treaties 33: 19: 18: 960: 959: 955: 954: 953: 951: 950: 949: 925: 924: 923: 913: 911: 903: 901: 891: 889: 881: 880: 876: 859: 858: 854: 845: 843: 838: 837: 833: 820: 819: 815: 798: 797: 793: 783: 781: 768: 767: 763: 753: 751: 742: 741: 737: 732:. Feb 15, 2012. 724: 723: 719: 708: 704: 695: 693: 688: 687: 683: 674: 672: 667: 666: 659: 650: 648: 643: 642: 635: 626: 624: 615: 614: 607: 597: 595: 587: 586: 582: 578: 551: 487: 440:nuclear physics 413: 385:nuclear weapons 374: 17: 12: 11: 5: 958: 948: 947: 942: 937: 922: 921: 900: 899: 874: 852: 831: 813: 791: 761: 735: 717: 702: 681: 657: 633: 605: 579: 577: 574: 573: 572: 567: 562: 557: 550: 547: 495:Latin American 486: 483: 479:TRIGA Mark III 477:and in 1968 a 429:scintigraphies 412: 409: 376: 375: 373: 372: 365: 358: 350: 347: 346: 345: 344: 331: 330: 329: 328: 325:treaty parties 315: 314: 310: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 289: 288: 284: 283: 282: 281: 276: 271: 269:United Kingdom 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 73: 72: 66: 65: 64: 63: 58: 53: 48: 40: 39: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 957: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 932: 930: 920: 910: 909: 906: 888: 884: 878: 870: 866: 862: 856: 841: 835: 827: 823: 817: 809: 805: 801: 795: 779: 775: 771: 765: 749: 745: 739: 731: 727: 721: 713: 706: 691: 685: 670: 664: 662: 646: 640: 638: 623:on 2011-04-30 622: 618: 612: 610: 594: 590: 584: 580: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 546: 544: 539: 537: 532: 530: 526: 522: 517: 515: 514:Rachel Maddow 510: 505: 503: 498: 496: 492: 482: 480: 476: 473: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448:radioisotopes 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 425:radioisotopes 422: 418: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 371: 366: 364: 359: 357: 352: 351: 349: 348: 343: 335: 334: 333: 332: 326: 322: 319: 318: 317: 316: 312: 311: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 290: 287:Proliferation 286: 285: 280: 277: 275: 274:United States 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 219: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 76: 75: 74: 71: 68: 67: 62: 59: 57: 54: 52: 49: 47: 44: 43: 42: 41: 37: 36: 32: 28: 27: 24: 21: 20: 890:. Retrieved 886: 877: 869:the original 864: 855: 844:. Retrieved 834: 825: 816: 808:the original 803: 794: 782:. Retrieved 773: 764: 752:. Retrieved 747: 738: 729: 720: 711: 705: 694:. Retrieved 684: 673:. Retrieved 649:. Retrieved 625:. Retrieved 621:the original 596:. Retrieved 592: 583: 565:Mexican Navy 560:Mexican Army 540: 533: 529:Laguna Verde 518: 506: 499: 488: 468: 437: 414: 392: 379: 229:South Africa 224:Saudi Arabia 218:Soviet Union 168: 61:Radiological 593:NPR website 249:Switzerland 234:South Korea 194:Philippines 184:North Korea 179:Netherlands 929:Categories 846:2014-12-09 826:Energy.Gov 754:11 October 696:2013-08-30 675:2010-12-19 651:2010-12-19 627:2010-12-19 598:11 October 576:References 421:radiations 279:Yugoslavia 70:By country 46:Biological 784:April 13, 690:"History" 647:. UPI.com 94:Australia 89:Argentina 892:29 April 800:"Mexico" 778:Archived 549:See also 460:genetics 456:agronomy 444:reactors 342:Category 313:Treaties 305:Missiles 295:Chemical 204:Rhodesia 189:Pakistan 104:Bulgaria 51:Chemical 521:Rosatom 300:Nuclear 264:Ukraine 209:Romania 174:Myanmar 129:Germany 84:Algeria 79:Albania 56:Nuclear 38:By type 905:Portal 750:. 2000 417:X-rays 381:Mexico 259:Taiwan 244:Sweden 214:Russia 199:Poland 169:Mexico 149:Israel 124:France 109:Canada 99:Brazil 804:MSNBC 254:Syria 239:Spain 164:Libya 159:Japan 154:Italy 134:India 119:Egypt 114:China 894:2022 786:2010 756:2012 600:2012 462:and 423:and 144:Iraq 139:Iran 774:CNN 931:: 885:. 863:. 824:. 802:. 776:. 772:. 746:. 728:. 660:^ 636:^ 608:^ 591:. 531:. 504:. 466:. 458:, 454:, 450:, 446:, 435:. 407:. 907:: 896:. 849:. 788:. 758:. 699:. 678:. 654:. 630:. 602:. 369:e 362:t 355:v 327:) 323:( 220:) 216:(

Index

Weapons of mass destruction

Biological
Chemical
Nuclear
Radiological
By country
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Egypt
France
Germany
India
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Italy
Japan
Libya
Mexico
Myanmar
Netherlands
North Korea
Pakistan

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.