20:
431:
2569:, whose purpose is to disperse radioactive dust over an area. The release of radioactive material may involve no special "weapon" or side forces like a blast explosion and include no direct killing of people from its radiation source, but rather could make whole areas or structures unusable or unfavorable for the support of human life. The radioactive material may be dispersed slowly over a large area, and it can be difficult for the victims to initially know that such a radiological attack is being carried out, especially if detectors for radioactivity are not installed beforehand.
360:
53:
3128:
3041:
2791:
radioactive material would present a difficulty. ... 9.112 Instead of preparing and stockpiling the contaminating agent in advance, with its attendant difficulties, the radioactive substances are produced by fission at the time of the explosion. Radiological warfare has thus become an automatic extension of the offensive use of nuclear weapons of high fission yield.
2988:(page 18:) With respect to its advantages, the Committee has learned ... that RW (radiological warfare), as a new weapon about which most people are poorly informed, is potentiaily valuable for harassment through rumor. (page 22:) Each of these modes of warfare has an unusually high anxiety-causing potential.
2542:
of the material there. Fission bombs will also contribute with the bomb-material residue. Air will not form isotopes useful for radiological warfare when neutron-activated. By detonating them at or near the surface instead, the ground will be vaporized, become radioactive, and when it cools down and
2833:
9.110 ... To be effective, a radiological warfare agent should emit gamma radiations and it should have a half-life of a few weeks or months. Radioisotopes of long half-life give off their radiations too slowly to be effective unless large quantities are used, and those of short half-life decay too
2491:(assuming the amount of radioactive dust particles generated are equal) are much more intense than cobalt-60: 15,000 times more intense at 1 hour; 35 times more intense at 1 week; 5 times more intense at 1 month; and about equal at 6 months. Thereafter fission drops off rapidly so that cobalt-60
2790:
9.111 Even if a radioisotope with suitable properties and which could be readily manufactured were selected as a radiological warfare agent, the problems of production, handling, and delivery of the weapon emitting intense gamma radiation would not be easily solved. In addition, stockpiling the
2948:(page 465) 9.112 ... The explosion of such devices at low altitudes can cause radioactive contamination over large areas that are beyond the range of physical damage. Consequently, they are, in effect, weapons of radiological warfare.
19:
2495:
is 8 times more intense than fission at 1 year and 150 times more intense at 5 years. The very long-lived isotopes produced by fission would overtake the cobalt-60 again after about 75 years.
2456:
emitted by the nuclear weapon. This avoids the problems of having to stockpile the highly radioactive material, as it is produced when the bomb explodes. The result is a more intense
2432:
Numerous countries have expressed an interest in radiological weapons programs, several have actively pursued them, and three have performed radiological weapons tests.
346:
389:
3020:
3101:
3081:
3085:
2889:
290:
91:
295:
3062:
342:
250:
245:
2855:
2709:
270:
255:
215:
205:
200:
2979:
Earl P. Stevenson; E. Gordon
Arneson; Eric G. Ball; Jacob L. Devers; Willis A. Gibbons; Fredrick Osborn; Arthur W. Page (30 June 1950).
2530:
is to be maximized for an area (i.e. area covered by direct line of sight and sufficient luminosity to cause burning, and formation of
300:
2448:
that is equipped with a large quantity of radiologically inert salting material. The radiological warfare agents are produced through
382:
115:
110:
3001:
1354:
225:
210:
125:
1781:
285:
230:
195:
150:
105:
100:
280:
265:
235:
220:
190:
170:
145:
130:
120:
2576:, spreading or intensifying fear. In relation to these weapons, nation states can also spread rumor, disinformation and fear.
275:
185:
180:
155:
140:
135:
2684:
375:
363:
165:
160:
2137:
430:
2332:
2110:
725:
2905:
1786:
239:
2588:
2417:(WMDs), although radiological weapons can also be specific in whom they target, such as the radiation poisoning of
1864:
2209:
1847:
1634:
479:
175:
2649:
1973:
3163:
2390:
1837:
316:
2327:
1031:
791:
2980:
2962:
Individual
Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Radiological, Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks
2488:
2414:
2337:
1524:
1326:
1197:
735:
326:
3158:
3118:
1801:
44:
2981:
Report of the
Secretary of Defense's Ad Hoc Committee on Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare
2878:
2498:
Other salted bomb variants that do not use cobalt have also been theorized. For example, salting with
3132:
2407:
1911:
1419:
768:
642:
496:
3153:
3063:"Ukraine warns Russia might attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. How worried should we be?"
2604:
2422:
2362:
2229:
1776:
1469:
1287:
1135:
3042:"Ukraine war - live updates: Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant could become 'dirty bomb', Ukraine warns"
2484:
2315:
2297:
2053:
1612:
1534:
1479:
1077:
740:
2946:. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. pp. 28–47, 109–116, 414, 465.
3082:
Fall In, Fallout: When The Us
Military (Almost) Brought Radiological Weapons To The Battlefield
2544:
2182:
2157:
1879:
1791:
1664:
1539:
1140:
1117:
563:
462:
3148:
2978:
2503:
1771:
1704:
1657:
1311:
1274:
1237:
1155:
1107:
991:
801:
609:
518:
321:
2914:
2847:
2634:
2531:
2418:
2162:
2064:
1921:
1916:
1734:
1699:
1434:
1254:
1048:
902:
872:
469:
2961:
8:
2609:
2013:
1998:
1874:
1761:
1739:
1714:
1674:
1584:
1394:
1299:
1249:
1016:
1006:
971:
763:
753:
523:
447:
2918:
2960:
Lynn E. Davis; Tom LaTourette; David E. Mosher; Lois M. Davis; David R. Howell (2003).
2959:
2743:"Death Dust: The Little-Known Story of U.S. and Soviet Pursuit of Radiological Weapons"
2539:
2347:
2202:
2122:
2043:
1988:
1963:
1884:
1830:
1796:
1727:
1644:
1554:
1459:
1404:
1294:
1259:
1212:
1087:
1058:
1011:
949:
924:
758:
572:
491:
23:
2764:
2717:
2643:
2624:
2573:
2523:
2453:
2383:
2292:
2239:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2097:
2080:
2075:
2048:
1993:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1549:
1519:
1409:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1264:
1217:
1187:
1026:
819:
796:
730:
2352:
2965:
2926:
2922:
2804:
2754:
2614:
2357:
2322:
2254:
2147:
2085:
1978:
1906:
1899:
1756:
1689:
1639:
1629:
1504:
1424:
1384:
1369:
1336:
1321:
1192:
1177:
1130:
1038:
996:
939:
934:
892:
715:
692:
599:
528:
457:
440:
67:
2941:
2884:
2826:
2783:
2629:
2592:
2492:
2480:
2457:
2449:
2167:
2152:
2070:
2026:
1968:
1624:
1619:
1509:
1499:
1414:
1389:
1331:
1172:
1102:
1092:
944:
929:
852:
824:
624:
604:
452:
72:
3107:
2831:. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. pp. 464–465.
2788:. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. pp. 464–465.
2639:
2535:
2461:
2445:
2342:
2090:
1514:
1474:
1452:
1439:
1429:
1399:
1316:
1269:
1072:
1063:
954:
907:
887:
877:
847:
814:
702:
659:
614:
486:
419:
260:
77:
3142:
2768:
2721:
2189:
2177:
2033:
1953:
1869:
1852:
1709:
1564:
1544:
1227:
1222:
1202:
1182:
1097:
1068:
1043:
919:
897:
882:
857:
697:
619:
582:
577:
474:
3025:
2619:
2426:
2376:
2302:
2282:
2277:
2172:
2117:
1751:
1746:
1569:
1484:
1232:
966:
867:
664:
568:
34:
16:
Attacks using radioactive material with intent of contamination of an area
3046:
3021:"Vladimir Putin says 'dirty bomb' claims to Nato were made on his orders"
2759:
2742:
2468:
2441:
2287:
2038:
2003:
1842:
1529:
1494:
1207:
1150:
1053:
837:
558:
553:
2562:
2556:
2527:
2510:, which because of its 15-hour half-life results in intense radiation.
2244:
2214:
1936:
1305:
2848:"Types of Nuclear Weapons – Cobalt Bombs and Other Salted Bombs"
2561:
A far lower-tech radiological weapon than those discussed above is a "
2519:
2507:
2476:
2472:
2234:
2058:
2008:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1808:
1599:
1594:
1559:
1001:
687:
654:
543:
2538:
will irradiate the detonation site with neutron radiation, causing
2249:
2224:
1857:
1489:
1464:
1082:
637:
511:
30:
3108:
Radiological-weapons threats: case studies from the extreme right
2580:
2259:
2219:
1983:
1817:
1813:
1160:
1145:
1021:
682:
677:
647:
586:
548:
2741:
Meyer, Samuel; Bidgood, Sarah; Potter, William C. (2020-10-01).
52:
2584:
2499:
1766:
1167:
984:
720:
26:
2903:
1242:
778:
773:
2710:"Key findings: who killed Alexander Litvinenko, how and why"
538:
533:
3002:"What is a dirty bomb and why is Russia talking about it?"
3067:
3005:
411:
2805:"Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions (Section 1)"
2572:
Radiological warfare with dirty bombs could be used for
2464:
and can render an area uninhabitable for a long period.
2796:
2471:
is an example of a radiological warfare weapon, where
3116:
2663:
Radiological
Weapons: America's Cold War Experience
2877:
2852:Nuclear Weapons Archive Frequently Asked Questions
2740:
2650:Yasser Arafat § Theories about the cause of death
3140:
2513:
2413:Radiological weapons are normally classified as
2676:
2707:
2384:
383:
2708:Addley, Esther; Harding, Luke (2016-01-21).
2587:blamed each other for preparing to bomb the
2406:is any form of warfare involving deliberate
2543:condenses into particles cause significant
2685:"On Language; Weapons of Mass Destruction"
2391:
2377:
390:
376:
51:
2939:
2824:
2781:
2758:
2435:
3039:
2845:
1355:List of military strategies and concepts
18:
3102:Radiological Weapons as Means of Attack
3060:
2858:from the original on September 28, 2019
3141:
2999:
2834:rapidly to provide an extended hazard.
2682:
2410:of an area with radiological sources.
2902:
3018:
2892:from the original on March 14, 2016.
2802:
2408:radiation poisoning or contamination
13:
3084:. Al Mauroni, September 22, 2020;
2655:
14:
3175:
3095:
3061:Edwards, Christian (2023-07-05).
2906:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2487:from an equivalent sized "clean"
3126:
3040:Sinclair, Harriet (2023-07-07).
2591:in Ukraine, in order to use the
2589:Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant
2452:by the salting materials of the
429:
359:
358:
3075:
3054:
3033:
3012:
2993:
2972:
2953:
2933:
2846:Sublette, Carey (May 1, 1998).
2522:is preferred if the effects of
2479:by neutron capture. Initially,
2943:The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
2927:10.1080/00963402.1961.11454268
2896:
2870:
2839:
2828:The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
2818:
2785:The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
2775:
2734:
2701:
2683:Safire, William (1998-04-19).
2550:
1:
2669:
2567:radiological dispersal device
2514:Surface-burst nuclear weapons
7:
3112:The Nonproliferation Review
3019:Roth, Andrew (2022-10-27).
3000:Lendon, Brad (2022-10-25).
2598:
2489:fission-fusion-fission bomb
2415:weapons of mass destruction
1848:Military–industrial complex
1327:Operational manoeuvre group
45:Weapons of mass destruction
10:
3180:
3110:. BreAnne K. Fleer, 2020;
2940:Glasstone, Samuel (1962).
2879:"Science: fy for Doomsday"
2825:Glasstone, Samuel (1962).
2782:Glasstone, Samuel (1962).
2554:
2536:fission and fusion weapons
2986:(Report). p. 18,22.
1912:Loss-of-strength gradient
769:Combat information center
2605:Acute radiation syndrome
2485:nuclear fission products
2230:Military science fiction
1715:Technology and equipment
1136:List of military tactics
2298:Wartime sexual violence
2054:Full-spectrum dominance
1865:Supply-chain management
3104:. Anthony H. Cordesman
2747:International Security
2436:Salted nuclear weapons
2210:Awards and decorations
2183:Peace through strength
2158:Low-intensity conflict
1792:Conscientious objector
1665:Area of responsibility
38:
2888:. November 24, 1961.
802:Torpedo data computer
792:Ship gun fire-control
22:
3164:Radiological weapons
3086:Modern War Institute
2760:10.1162/isec_a_00391
2635:Operation Peppermint
2534:respectively). Both
2425:, using radioactive
2419:Alexander Litvinenko
2404:Radiological warfare
2328:Military occupations
2163:Military engineering
2065:Unrestricted Warfare
1922:Force multiplication
820:Military manoeuvrers
2919:1961BuAtS..17i.356C
2610:Area denial weapons
2579:In July 2023, both
2014:Penal military unit
1999:Rules of engagement
1675:Command and control
1300:Operations research
764:Director (military)
754:Fire-control system
524:Command and control
405:Part of a series on
3133:Nuclear technology
2689:The New York Times
2540:neutron activation
2460:than from regular
2123:Counter-insurgency
2044:Command of the sea
1989:Jewish laws on war
1964:Geneva Conventions
1500:Divide and conquer
1295:Military operation
1260:Tactical objective
759:Fire-control radar
736:Electronic-warfare
39:
24:United States Navy
3159:Nuclear terrorism
2968:. pp. 30–31.
2803:Sublette, Carey.
2661:Kirby, R. (2020)
2644:Salting the earth
2625:Nuclear detection
2574:nuclear terrorism
2524:thermal radiation
2454:neutron radiation
2401:
2400:
2293:Horses in warfare
2240:Anti-war movement
2143:Gunboat diplomacy
2133:Disaster response
2081:Philosophy of war
2076:Principles of war
2049:Deterrence theory
1994:Right of conquest
1917:Lanchester's laws
1685:Principles of war
1375:Counter-offensive
1360:Military campaign
1265:Target saturation
1188:Counterinsurgency
797:Gun data computer
731:Close air support
693:Aircraft carriers
400:
399:
3171:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3089:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:RAND Corporation
2957:
2951:
2950:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2680:
2615:Depleted uranium
2595:as dirty bombs.
2593:nuclear reactors
2475:is converted to
2393:
2386:
2379:
2148:Humanitarian aid
2086:Security dilemma
1907:Power projection
1690:Economy of force
1670:Chain of command
1385:Defence in depth
1370:Commerce raiding
1193:Defeat in detail
529:Defense ministry
433:
424:
423:
414:
402:
401:
392:
385:
378:
362:
361:
343:List of treaties
55:
41:
40:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3154:Warfare by type
3139:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3117:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3076:
3059:
3055:
3038:
3034:
3017:
3013:
2998:
2994:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2958:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2901:
2897:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2840:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2780:
2776:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2691:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2658:
2656:Further reading
2630:Nuclear warfare
2601:
2559:
2553:
2516:
2481:gamma radiation
2462:nuclear weapons
2450:neutron capture
2438:
2397:
2368:
2367:
2318:
2308:
2307:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2168:Multilateralism
2153:Law enforcement
2113:
2103:
2102:
2071:Just war theory
2029:
2019:
2018:
1969:Geneva Protocol
1939:
1929:
1928:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1660:
1650:
1649:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1535:Network-centric
1455:
1445:
1444:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1228:Rapid dominance
1133:
1123:
1122:
1078:Electromagnetic
987:
977:
976:
963:
916:
864:
840:
830:
829:
825:Combat training
806:
783:
749:Combat systems:
745:
707:
703:Auxiliary ships
669:
629:
625:Military police
591:
514:
504:
503:
443:
417:
416:
415:
410:
396:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3136:
3135:
3115:
3114:
3105:
3097:
3096:External links
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:at West Point.
3074:
3053:
3032:
3011:
2992:
2971:
2952:
2932:
2913:(9): 356–360.
2895:
2869:
2838:
2817:
2795:
2774:
2733:
2700:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2640:Scorched earth
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2555:Main article:
2552:
2549:
2515:
2512:
2446:nuclear weapon
2437:
2434:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Military terms
2330:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2091:Tripwire force
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1897:
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1825:
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1820:
1811:
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1804:
1794:
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1779:
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1744:
1743:
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1725:
1722:
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1677:
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1656:
1655:
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1651:
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1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1613:Administrative
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
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1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:New generation
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Fleet in being
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1453:Grand strategy
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:Scorched earth
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
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1397:
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1387:
1382:
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1362:
1353:
1348:
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1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Deep operation
1314:
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1297:
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1278:
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1143:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:Unconventional
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1066:
1064:Disinformation
1061:
1056:
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1041:
1036:
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1029:
1019:
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895:
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880:
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863:
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861:
860:
855:
850:
841:
836:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
822:
817:
815:Basic training
812:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
744:
743:
741:Reconnaissance
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
668:
667:
662:
660:Special forces
657:
652:
651:
650:
640:
635:
628:
627:
622:
617:
615:Reconnaissance
612:
607:
602:
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566:
561:
556:
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546:
541:
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531:
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509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
484:
483:
482:
477:
467:
466:
465:
458:Post-classical
455:
450:
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439:
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435:
434:
426:
425:
407:
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398:
397:
395:
394:
387:
380:
372:
369:
368:
367:
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353:
352:
351:
350:
347:treaty parties
337:
336:
332:
331:
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329:
324:
319:
311:
310:
306:
305:
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303:
298:
293:
291:United Kingdom
288:
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278:
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258:
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95:
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88:
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75:
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62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3176:
3165:
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3157:
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3147:
3146:
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3134:
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3113:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3070:
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3064:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2963:
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2949:
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2806:
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2690:
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2648:
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2641:
2638:
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2596:
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2258:
2256:
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2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Warrior caste
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2190:Show of force
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Peacebuilding
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2099:
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2079:
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2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Air supremacy
2032:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Islamic rules
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Court-martial
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1896:
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1886:
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1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Arms industry
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1819:
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1598:
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1578:
1576:
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1568:
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1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Broken-backed
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Expeditionary
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
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1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
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1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Counterattack
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Psychological
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Combined arms
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
981:
980:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
917:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:Fortification
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
842:
839:
834:
833:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
699:
698:Landing craft
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
584:
583:Standing army
581:
579:
576:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
513:
508:
507:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
481:
478:
476:
475:pike and shot
473:
472:
471:
468:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
442:
437:
436:
432:
428:
427:
421:
413:
409:
408:
404:
403:
393:
388:
386:
381:
379:
374:
373:
371:
370:
365:
357:
356:
355:
354:
348:
344:
341:
340:
339:
338:
334:
333:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
312:
309:Proliferation
308:
307:
302:
299:
297:
296:United States
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
64:
63:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:drill in 2008
36:
32:
28:
25:
21:
3149:Radiobiology
3111:
3077:
3066:
3056:
3045:
3035:
3026:The Guardian
3024:
3014:
2995:
2987:
2974:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2883:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2851:
2841:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2798:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2753:(2): 51–94.
2750:
2746:
2736:
2725:. Retrieved
2714:The Guardian
2713:
2703:
2692:. Retrieved
2688:
2678:
2662:
2620:Neutron bomb
2578:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2517:
2497:
2466:
2439:
2431:
2427:polonium-210
2412:
2403:
2402:
2303:Fifth column
2283:War resister
2278:Women in war
2173:Peacekeeping
2118:Arms control
2063:
1752:Mobilization
1747:Conscription
1705:Intelligence
1658:Organization
1304:
1233:Encirclement
1113:Radiological
1112:
1049:Conventional
903:Subterranean
810:Development:
809:
786:
748:
710:
673:Naval units:
672:
665:Signal corps
632:
610:Intelligence
595:Specialties:
594:
519:Organization
470:Early modern
251:South Africa
246:Saudi Arabia
240:Soviet Union
83:Radiological
82:
35:CBRN defense
3047:Yahoo! News
2862:October 23,
2551:Dirty bombs
2469:cobalt bomb
2442:salted bomb
2423:Russian FSB
2288:War studies
2111:Non-warfare
2039:Appeasement
2004:Martial law
1843:War economy
1782:Transgender
1735:Recruitment
1495:Containment
1380:Culminating
1288:Operational
1208:Envelopment
1151:Air assault
1032:Air cavalry
992:Air defence
972:Information
873:Cold-region
838:Battlespace
787:Historical:
633:Land units:
559:Space force
554:Coast guard
487:Late modern
448:Prehistoric
271:Switzerland
256:South Korea
216:Philippines
206:North Korea
201:Netherlands
3143:Categories
2964:(Report).
2727:2019-07-02
2694:2019-06-25
2670:References
2563:dirty bomb
2557:Dirty bomb
2528:blast wave
2504:transmutes
2502:-23, that
2348:War crimes
2338:Operations
2245:Foot drill
2215:Battle cry
2128:deterrence
1787:Harassment
1762:Specialism
1585:Technology
1580:Succession
1525:Liberation
1460:Asymmetric
1395:Empty fort
1306:Blitzkrieg
1275:Withdrawal
1238:Investment
1017:Camouflage
1012:Biological
950:Underwater
925:Amphibious
844:Aerospace
711:Air units:
688:Submarines
497:fourth-gen
492:industrial
480:napoleonic
301:Yugoslavia
92:By country
68:Biological
2769:0162-2889
2722:0261-3077
2532:mach stem
2520:air burst
2508:sodium-24
2477:cobalt-60
2473:cobalt-59
2235:War novel
2138:Grey-zone
2098:War games
2059:Overmatch
2009:War crime
1959:Desertion
1949:Ceasefire
1944:Armistice
1831:Logistics
1809:Mercenary
1797:Volunteer
1728:Personnel
1700:Engineers
1645:Sociology
1600:World war
1595:Total war
1575:Strategic
1565:Religious
1550:Political
1545:Perpetual
1520:Irregular
1435:Offensive
1410:Defensive
1405:Deception
1365:Attrition
1218:Guerrilla
1213:Formation
1156:Airbridge
1088:Loitering
1002:Artillery
655:Artillery
605:Engineers
573:Irregular
544:Air force
116:Australia
111:Argentina
33:during a
31:NBC suits
2890:Archived
2856:Archived
2599:See also
2250:War song
2225:War film
1858:Materiel
1777:Children
1757:Training
1695:Medicine
1680:Doctrine
1635:Training
1570:Resource
1555:Princely
1505:Economic
1490:Conquest
1485:Colonial
1480:Cold war
1465:Blockade
1350:Strategy
1322:Maneuver
1083:Infantry
1039:Chemical
893:Mountain
853:Airborne
716:Fighters
683:Warships
638:Infantry
564:Reserves
512:Military
364:Category
335:Treaties
327:Missiles
317:Chemical
226:Rhodesia
211:Pakistan
126:Bulgaria
73:Chemical
29:donning
2915:Bibcode
2810:25 July
2581:Ukraine
2545:fallout
2493:fallout
2483:of the
2458:fallout
2421:by the
2363:Writers
2358:Weapons
2323:Battles
2272:Related
2260:Wargame
2255:Uniform
2203:Culture
1984:Perfidy
1979:Justice
1900:Science
1885:Outpost
1838:History
1818:Warrior
1814:Soldier
1802:foreign
1740:counter
1640:Service
1590:Theater
1530:Limited
1510:Endemic
1425:Nuclear
1198:Foxhole
1173:Cavalry
1161:Airdrop
1146:Airlift
1131:Tactics
1103:Nuclear
1093:Missile
1022:Cavalry
1007:Barrage
985:Weapons
945:Surface
726:Command
721:Bombers
678:Frogman
648:Cavalry
620:Medical
587:Militia
569:Regular
549:Marines
463:castles
453:Ancient
441:History
420:outline
322:Nuclear
286:Ukraine
231:Romania
196:Myanmar
151:Germany
106:Algeria
101:Albania
78:Nuclear
60:By type
27:Seabees
3119:Portal
2767:
2720:
2585:Russia
2500:sodium
2343:Sieges
2027:Theory
1767:Morale
1625:Policy
1620:Branch
1400:Mosaic
1390:Fabian
1337:Covert
1270:Trench
1255:Screen
1178:Charge
1168:Battle
1141:Aerial
1059:Denial
1027:Horses
955:Seabed
908:Tunnel
888:Jungle
878:Desert
848:Aerial
281:Taiwan
266:Sweden
236:Russia
221:Poland
191:Mexico
171:Israel
146:France
131:Canada
121:Brazil
2984:(PDF)
2642:and "
2565:" or
2444:is a
2316:Lists
1772:Women
1710:Ranks
1630:Staff
1560:Proxy
1475:Class
1430:Naval
1415:Depth
1250:Swarm
1243:Siege
1223:Naval
1203:Drone
1098:Music
1073:Robot
1069:Drone
1054:Cyber
997:Armor
967:Cyber
940:Green
935:Brown
898:Urban
858:Space
779:Radar
774:Sonar
643:Armor
600:Staff
578:Ranks
276:Syria
261:Spain
186:Libya
181:Japan
176:Italy
156:India
141:Egypt
136:China
2885:Time
2864:2021
2812:2014
2765:ISSN
2718:ISSN
2583:and
2526:and
2467:The
2353:Wars
1870:Base
1420:Goal
1332:Raid
930:Blue
868:Land
539:Navy
534:Army
166:Iraq
161:Iran
3068:CNN
3006:CNN
2923:doi
2755:doi
2518:An
2506:to
1937:Law
1880:FOB
1875:MOB
920:Sea
412:War
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