1041:
338:
462:
31:
644:"The only reply to biological warfare is that we too should use biological warfare. I believe that the density of the Israeli population confined in a small area would provide the opportunity to reply with the same weapon if they should begin using it. Briefly, we have the instruments of biological warfare in the refrigerators and we will not use them unless they begin to use them."
489:, suggested in an interview that Nasser would not hesitate to use gas against Israel as well. There were no reports of gas during 1964, and only a few were reported in 1965. The reports grew more frequent in late 1966. On December 11, 1966, fifteen gas bombs killed two people and injured thirty-five. On January 5, 1967, the biggest gas attack came against the village of
477:, killing about seven people and damaging the eyes and lungs of twenty-five others. This incident is considered to have been experimental, and the bombs were described as "home-made, amateurish and relatively ineffective". The Egyptian authorities suggested that the reported incidents were probably caused by
497:, who had installed his headquarters nearby. The Egyptian government denied using poison gas, and alleged that Britain and the US were using the reports as psychological warfare against Egypt. On February 12, 1967, it said it would welcome a UN investigation. On March 1,
540:
of June, but resumed in July, against all parts of royalist Yemen. Casualty estimates vary, and an assumption, considered conservative, is that the mustard and phosgene-filled aerial bombs caused approximately 1,500 fatalities and 1,500 injuries.
408:
According to authors Gordon M. Burck and
Charles C. Flowerree, cited by M. Zuhair Diab, Egypt provided Syria with chemical artillery shells in 1973 as a military deterrent against Israel before they both launched the
425:
Egypt's chemical weapons program is the most developed of its pursuit of developing a weapons of mass destruction program though it is thought this reached its peak in the 1960s. It also used chemical weapons during the
504:
On May 10, the twin villages of Gahar and Gadafa in Wadi Hirran, where Prince
Mohamed bin Mohsin was in command, were gas bombed, killing at least seventy-five. The
324:
983:
367:
586:
1121:
268:
69:
764:
273:
320:
228:
223:
932:
Julian Perry
Robinson, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare: Volume II: CB Weapons Today (Stockholm, SIPRI, 1973), p. 241.
248:
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919:
871:
278:
360:
93:
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surface to surface missiles to provide a local nuclear deterrent as part of its preparations to attack nuclear armed Israel.
414:
253:
163:
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133:
113:
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450:
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217:
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153:
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made a statement, based on a Red Cross report, that the gas was likely to have been halogenous derivatives -
402:
294:
953:
556:
446:
398:
385:
304:
1126:
22:
559:. It began its nuclear program in 1954 which expanded to include Russian 2MW nuclear research reactor
1030:
774:
550:
482:
1025:
1020:
946:
639:
made the following comment to a question about Israel and should they use biological weapons.
1079:
427:
390:
299:
875:
60:
8:
1074:
988:
513:
474:
578:
In addition, in 1992 Egypt acquired a more powerful 22MW multi-purpose research reactor
993:
564:
598:
493:, causing 270 casualties, including 140 fatalities. The target may have been Prince
850:
533:
494:
470:
45:
571:
in 1961. Further development in its nuclear program was stopped in 1967 after the
665:"Syria's Chemical and Biological Weapons: Assessing capabilities and motivations"
555:
Egypt is not known to have pursued a dedicated nuclear weapons program since the
473:
took place on June 8, 1963, against Kawma, a village of about 100 inhabitants in
50:
605:
435:
410:
238:
55:
589:
in 1968, which it did not ratify until 1981. It has since 1974 worked to make
1115:
1044:
969:
701:
609:
1040:
456:
590:
664:
636:
572:
537:
521:
722:
486:
897:
594:
505:
529:
525:
517:
461:
431:
896:. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Archived from
920:"Soviet Nuclear Weapons in Egypt Poised to Strike Israeli Cities"
568:
498:
938:
397:, it still remains one of only four countries not to ratify the
30:
613:
579:
560:
509:
478:
512:
expressing concern. The
Institute of Forensic Medicine at the
380:
872:"Egypt's Missile Efforts Succeed with Help from North Korea"
617:
769:
457:
Use of chemical weapons during the North Yemeni Civil War
536:. The gas attacks stopped for three weeks after the
508:
was alerted and on June 2, it issued a statement in
632:(BWC) on 10 April 1972, but has not ratified it.
501:said he was "powerless" to deal with the matter.
445:Egypt has maintained a policy of not signing the
1113:
440:Royalist forces and civilians in Northern Yemen
984:Unified Command of the Area East of the Canal
662:
954:
635:Prior to signing the BWC, Egyptian President
623:
361:
465:The International Red Cross hospital at Uqd.
420:
961:
947:
834:
825:
816:
544:
368:
354:
29:
807:
798:
789:
745:
736:
926:
656:
460:
630:Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
1122:Weapons of mass destruction by country
1114:
942:
759:
757:
389:and used chemical weapons during the
13:
765:"Egypt Profile: Chemical Overview"
754:
723:"Chemical Weapons Program - Egypt"
690:
16:Aspect of Egypt's military history
14:
1138:
968:
851:"Nuclear Weapons Program - Egypt"
1039:
587:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
451:Israel's nuclear weapons program
413:. Syria later developed its own
395:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
337:
336:
912:
882:
864:
843:
698:"Egypt | Country Profiles"
1096:Equipment of the Egyptian Army
1059:Structure of the Egyptian Army
715:
616:crewed and controlled nuclear
1:
773:. August 2008. Archived from
649:
403:Biological Weapons Convention
393:. Although it has signed the
663:M. Zuhair Diab (Fall 1997).
565:President Gamal Abdel-Nasser
7:
1068:Uniform, Ranks and Insignia
672:The Nonproliferation Review
601:nuclear weapons free zone.
557:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
447:Chemical Weapons Convention
399:Chemical Weapons Convention
386:weapons of mass destruction
23:Weapons of mass destruction
10:
1143:
624:Biological weapons program
548:
449:until questions regarding
1088:
1067:
1051:
1037:
976:
894:NTI Building a Safe World
401:and has not ratified the
1011:Southern Military Region
1006:Northern Military Region
608:, Egypt was reported by
604:At the time of the 1973
551:Nuclear program of Egypt
483:Israeli Foreign Minister
421:Chemical weapons program
415:chemical weapons program
1021:Egyptian Armoured Corps
1016:Central Military Region
1001:Western Military Region
545:Nuclear weapons program
840:Schmidt (1968), p. 268
831:Schmidt (1968), p. 267
822:Schmidt (1968), p. 265
813:Schmidt (1968), p. 264
804:Schmidt (1968), p. 263
795:Schmidt (1968), p. 260
751:Schmidt (1968), p. 259
742:Schmidt (1968), p. 257
466:
428:North Yemeni Civil War
1080:Egyptian Army Uniform
700:. NTI. Archived from
464:
391:North Yemen Civil War
563:that was opened by
1075:Egyptian Army ranks
900:on 12 February 2015
777:on October 27, 2011
514:University of Berne
922:. 7 November 1973.
467:
438:were used against
1127:Military of Egypt
1109:
1108:
628:Egypt signed the
585:Egypt signed the
469:The first use of
383:had a history of
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1101:Chemical weapons
1043:
1031:Republican Guard
963:
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874:. Archived from
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582:from Argentina.
534:cyanogen bromide
495:Hassan bin Yahya
370:
363:
356:
340:
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321:List of treaties
33:
19:
18:
1142:
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1047:
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1026:Artillery Corps
972:
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696:
695:
691:
681:
679:
667:
661:
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652:
626:
612:to have hosted
553:
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481:, not gas. The
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12:
11:
5:
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881:
878:on 2016-01-23.
863:
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735:
714:
689:
654:
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625:
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546:
543:
458:
455:
453:are answered.
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1045:Egyptian Army
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970:Egyptian Army
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952:
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704:on 2013-11-23
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274:United States
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37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
1100:
928:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
893:
884:
876:the original
866:
855:. Retrieved
845:
836:
827:
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809:
800:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:the original
768:
747:
738:
727:. Retrieved
717:
706:. Retrieved
702:the original
692:
680:. Retrieved
675:
671:
658:
643:
634:
627:
603:
591:North Africa
584:
577:
554:
503:
468:
444:
424:
407:
384:
379:
229:South Africa
224:Saudi Arabia
218:Soviet Union
118:
61:Radiological
989:Second Army
637:Anwar Sadat
606:October War
573:Six Day War
538:Six-Day War
522:mustard gas
475:North Yemen
436:mustard gas
411:October War
249:Switzerland
234:South Korea
194:Philippines
184:North Korea
179:Netherlands
1116:Categories
994:Third Army
977:Formations
857:2014-02-03
781:August 28,
729:2014-02-03
708:2014-02-03
650:References
549:See also:
487:Golda Meir
279:Yugoslavia
70:By country
46:Biological
1089:Equipment
1052:Structure
904:29 August
853:. Fas.org
725:. Fas.org
682:28 August
595:West Asia
506:Red Cross
94:Australia
89:Argentina
890:"ETRR-2"
597:and the
530:chloride
526:lewisite
518:phosgene
432:Phosgene
342:Category
313:Treaties
305:Missiles
295:Chemical
204:Rhodesia
189:Pakistan
104:Bulgaria
51:Chemical
569:Inchass
499:U Thant
300:Nuclear
264:Ukraine
209:Romania
174:Myanmar
129:Germany
84:Algeria
79:Albania
56:Nuclear
38:By type
614:Soviet
580:ETRR-2
561:ETRR-1
510:Geneva
479:napalm
259:Taiwan
244:Sweden
214:Russia
199:Poland
169:Mexico
149:Israel
124:France
109:Canada
99:Brazil
668:(PDF)
491:Kitaf
381:Egypt
254:Syria
239:Spain
164:Libya
159:Japan
154:Italy
134:India
119:Egypt
114:China
906:2014
783:2008
684:2013
618:Scud
434:and
144:Iraq
139:Iran
770:NTI
678:(1)
567:at
532:or
471:gas
1118::
892:.
767:.
756:^
674:.
670:.
593:,
575:.
528:,
524:,
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430:.
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860:.
785:.
732:.
711:.
686:.
676:5
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323:(
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216:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
