448:
744:
auxiliary languages destined for oral and written use between people who cannot make themselves understood by means of their mother tongues". According to this definition, investigations that are useful for optimizing interlinguistic communication are central to the discipline, and the purpose may be
682:. Increasingly, undergraduate courses in planned languages are expanding to embrace not only the history of languages planned for international use, but also the field of imaginary and fictional languages. Interlinguistics is also concerned with investigating how ethnic and
866:) deserve also to be mentioned. These were intended for international communication, but have found their field of application elsewhere, namely as an aid for persons who lack an adequate ability of using ordinary language, because of motorical or cognitive handicaps.
739:
to the 2nd
International Congress of Linguists in 1931. According to Jespersen, interlinguistics is "that branch of the science of language which deals with the structure and basic ideas of all languages with the view to the establishing of a norm for interlanguages,
650:
At the
Institute of Linguistics of AMU there is the extramural Interlinguistic studies program. Over the course of three years these studies provide the students with a basic knowledge of general linguistics, interlinguistics, international and
514:
Interlinguistics first appeared as a branch of studies devoted to the establishment of norms for auxiliary languages, but over its century-long history it has been understood by different authors more and more broadly as an
1368:
Planned languages are created by an intentional intellectual effort, usually with the aim of facilitating interlinguistic communication, but there are also interlanguages that have arisen spontaneously. These are called
511:, the collection of strategies to deliberately influence the structure and function of a living language. In this framework, interlanguages become a subset of planned languages, i.e. extreme cases of language planning.
771:
applied to the guided development of national languages are also, and more liberally so, applicable to constructed interlanguages. It is noteworthy that these principles have close counterparts among Grice's
776:. These maxims describe how effective communication in conversation is achieved, and in order to function well, a language must be such that it allows respecting these maxims, which languages not always do.
622:
thirdly, the school era (1951–1990), when independent
Interlinguistics schools formed in different countries, mainly Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland, each with particular attention to
745:
to develop a new language intended for international use or for use within a multilingual country or union. Research of this kind has been undertaken by the
International Delegation, which developed
634:(1990–today), during which interlinguistics is more tightly integrated with other disciplines, mainly linguistics and various social and political sciences, particularly via the topics of
588:
1133:
1235:
makes an opposition between cosmoglottics, the science about universal planned language, and interlinguistics, the science about international languages and communication.
1315:
1123:(LPLP) is een 'peer-reviewed international and multilingual journal devoted to the study of multilingualism and language policy' en heeft geregeld een rubriek
1232:
639:
721:
619:
secondly, the foundational era (1911–1951), when the interlinguistics wars took place to decide the most appropriate form of an auxiliary language;
1384:
The phenomenon of planned languages offers important insights into general linguistics and into planning language use at the international level.
760:
1028:'s 1985 book "Internationale Plansprachen (Eine Einführung)" , still the standard German work on interlinguistics, is now available online.
750:
548:
1108:. (2015), The art of language invention: From horse-lords to dark elves, the words behind the world-building, New York: Penguin, 292 pp.
799:, which is the most widely used constructed interlanguage, there is a relatively abundant literature about the language itself and its
1394:
996:. The latter are based on one or, more often, several source languages, while this is not evident for a priori languages, e.g., the
655:
with a focus on the linguistics, culture and movement of the internationally dispersed and naturally functioning planned language
1256:
1198:
1352:
1063:
544:
810:
Only a few of the many constructed languages have been applied practically to any noteworthy extent. The most prosperous were
1508:
1469:
475:
1085:
1045:
365:
1269:
1415:
1054:
556:
528:
1188:
732:
683:
671:
1492:
Esperanto
Revolutionaries and Geeks: Language Politics, Digital Media and the Making of an International Community
1016:. Spontaneously arisen Interlanguages are necessarily a posteriori or iconic (using imaging or imitating signs).
858:), with Esperanto being the one gathering the most significant community of active speakers at present. Here, the
659:. Every third year the Interlinguistic Studies program also organizes an international interlinguistic symposium.
325:
1332:
1163:
1102:Кузнецов, С.Н. (1987). Теоретические основы интерлингвистики. Москва: Издательство Университета дружбы народов.
385:
330:
103:
524:
360:
51:
1311:
1577:
305:
171:
1282:
1336:
928:
652:
425:
131:
1071:
1572:
1567:
705:, i.e., of interlanguages that serve for interlinguistic communication - not to be confused with the
468:
415:
315:
141:
320:
263:
78:
784:
780:
779:
Most publications in the field of interlinguistics are, however, not so constructive, but rather
420:
258:
235:
1270:
Interlinguistics in the 21st century: planned languages as a tool to learn linguistics by doing
997:
823:
815:
370:
337:
290:
206:
186:
166:
68:
46:
41:
773:
552:
146:
1490:
1193:
827:
576:
461:
390:
300:
181:
126:
23:
1286:
1259:, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, 27 March 2015.
8:
516:
231:
161:
136:
108:
1533:
International semantography: a non-alphabetical symbol writing readable in all languages
662:
At the
University of Amsterdam there is also a chair of interlinguistics and Esperanto.
1514:
560:
451:
430:
400:
355:
310:
278:
268:
156:
151:
720:
Among these interpretations, the first one is by far the most well established, while
1518:
1504:
1411:
1349:
1148:
1105:
1050:
1032:, as scanned pages in a PDF file (250 MB in size), from the German National Library.
937:
920:
768:
764:
679:
520:
508:
447:
295:
273:
216:
709:
of language learners, which also came to be called "interlanguages" by some authors.
1496:
1466:
1005:
863:
788:
540:
496:
395:
226:
221:
196:
176:
1410:('Interlinguistics: Contours of a New Linguistic Discipline') Piper Verlag, 1982,
1176:
1473:
1356:
1208:
1203:
735:. It became more widely accepted subsequent to an address by the Danish linguist
643:
631:
572:
532:
1081:
1059:
855:
839:
831:
736:
606:
591:
500:
240:
1500:
1561:
1025:
963:
859:
847:
804:
706:
687:
564:
504:
1169:
933:
283:
73:
1124:
851:
843:
792:
754:
603:
536:
435:
410:
31:
1141:
690:
and with the possibilities of optimizing interlinguistic communication.
559:(auxlangs) as well as constructed languages : conlangs), fictional
1329:
Interlinguistics in the 21st century: new opportunities, new challenges
967:
908:
405:
88:
1144:(CED, Centro de Esploro kaj Dokumentado pri Mondaj Lingvaj Problemoj)
811:
1546:
Universal Indian Sign
Language of the Plains Indians of North America
1118:
957:
914:
819:
800:
796:
675:
656:
635:
624:
594:
is commonly regarded as the founder of the field of interlinguistics.
380:
375:
211:
201:
93:
83:
1290:
1001:
980:
519:
branch of science which includes various aspects of communication,
1479:, pp 25-47, Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, 1991.
1029:
1441:
International
Communication: A Symposium on the Language Problem.
972:
616:
first, the pioneer era (1879–1911), when its basis was put forth;
587:
1142:
Centre for
Research and Documentation on World Language Problems
988:
Among constructed languages, it is usual to distinguish between
1371:
1156:
Centre de documentation et d'étude sur la langue internationale
1013:
1009:
568:
98:
1348:
Ilona Koutny, Interlinguistic
Symposium, p. 212, JKI-12-2017 (
1097:
Interlinguistics. Aspects of the Science of Planned Languages.
949:
507:, in more recent times, the field has been more focused with
1257:
Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies in the new millennium
1046:
Interlingvistiko. Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj
678:, and with the relationship between planned languages and
1467:
Conversational Maxims and Principles of Language Planning
1439:
Herbert N. Shenton, Edward Sapir, Otto Jespersen (eds.):
835:
746:
499:
as it has existed for more than a century. Formalised by
1408:
Interlinguistik: Umrisse einer neuen Sprachwissenschaft.
1395:
ESF convenes symposium on Esperanto and Interlinguistics
1155:
1127:/ Interlingüística / Interlinguistik / Interlingvistiko
1065:
Interlingua: A Dictionary of the International Language
1283:
The Concept of Interlinguistics as an Object of Study
612:
The main historical periods of interlinguistics are:
1426:
Jules Meysmans (1911-12): Une science nouvelle. In:
727:
The term appears first to have been used in French (
1443:
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., London 1931.
1287:4th Interlinguistic Symposium 21–22 September 2017
763:considered interlinguistics as a subdiscipline of
1335:, vol. 2, no. 5 (3/2018), p. 9 | ISSN 2521-7461 (
731:) by Jules Meysmans in 1911 in a text concerning
1559:
670:The field of interlinguistics is concerned with
598:The hybrid term was first coined in French (as
1454:Introduction to a theory of language planning
579:in the internet and other topics were added.
469:
751:International Auxiliary Language Association
1456:. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksells, S. 167.
1132:Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (ÖNB) -
1302:(eo) «Biografio de Jules Meysmans »,
1149:Journal Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies
1099:Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989.
1049:, 333 pp., Poznań, Univ. Adam Mickiewicz,
878:representative for each type explicitly.
869:
476:
462:
1272:, University of Amsterdam, 24 March 2017.
697:can be interpreted in at least two ways:
767:. The principles recommended by him for
712:Study of phenomena that can be observed
586:
582:
1535:Institute of Semantography, Sidney 1949
1214:
1199:Conlanging, the art of crafting tongues
1137:(academic library on interlinguistics)
1120:Language Problems and Language Planning
1560:
1164:Interlinguistics and Esperanto studies
1488:
1043:(eo) Vĕra Barandovská-Frank, (2020),
1024:On the initiative of Klaus Schubert,
366:Conservative and innovative language
1068:. New York: Storm Publishers, 1951.
665:
13:
1420:
14:
1589:
1134:fachbibliotek für Interlinguistik
1112:
733:international auxiliary languages
724:had only the second one in mind.
557:international auxiliary languages
529:multilingualism and globalisation
1397:, Esperantic Studies Foundation,
1189:International auxiliary language
1038:Introduction to Interlinguistics
446:
1538:
1525:
1482:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1400:
1387:
1072:Interlinguistic Standardization
1019:
874:The following table lists only
684:international planned languages
672:international planned languages
1548:, San Diego, California, 1927.
1378:
1362:
1342:
1333:Information for Interlinguists
1321:
1296:
1289:, Adam Mickiewicz University,
1275:
1262:
1249:
1226:
795:by humans or machines. As for
1:
1430:(Bruxelles). 1, Nr. 8, 14-16.
1304:Informilo por interlingvistoj
1242:
1008:of the 20th century, such as
1495:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
1310:14 (ISSN 1385-2191, online (
1170:Język Komunikacja Informacia
917:and other stabilized pidgins
889:Spoken and written language
646:, and new forms of mobility.
306:Functional discourse grammar
172:Ethnography of communication
7:
1182:
1090:International Communication
929:Plains Indian Sign Language
653:intercultural communication
630:lastly, the current era of
545:intercultural communication
426:Second-language acquisition
10:
1594:
924:(used interlinguistically)
551:and literature written in
503:in 1931 as the science of
104:Syntax–semantics interface
1501:10.1007/978-3-030-84230-7
1489:Fians, Guilherme (2021).
1281:Věra Barandovská-Frank, "
1040:. Munich: GRIN Publishing
416:Philosophy of linguistics
316:Interactional linguistics
1219:
753:(IALA), which developed
1095:Schubert, Klaus (Ed.):
1076:Historia de Interlingua
1036:Gobbo, Federico, 2020,
998:philosophical languages
870:Kinds of interlanguages
16:Subfield of linguistics
1285:" pp. 7–8 (abstract),
994:a posteriori languages
892:Written language only
824:Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof
816:Johann Martin Schleyer
595:
253:Theoretical frameworks
207:Philosophy of language
187:History of linguistics
1465:Hartmut Traunmüller:
1452:Valter Tauli (1968):
1428:Lingua Internationale
1078:, 2001, revised 2006.
1000:of the 17th century,
953:(not interlinguistic)
898:Multimedial language
886:Spoken language only
774:conversational maxims
590:
583:Etymology and history
577:constructed languages
553:constructed languages
495:, is the science of
147:Conversation analysis
1215:References and Notes
1194:Constructed language
1030:It can be downloaded
846:-Interlingue (1922,
828:Latino sine flexione
791:, or concerned with
716:'between languages'.
391:Internet linguistics
301:Construction grammar
1578:Translation studies
1233:Sergey N. Kuznetsov
749:(1907), and by the
326:Systemic functional
121:Applied linguistics
63:General linguistics
1531:Charles K. Bliss:
1472:2010-10-31 at the
1406:Mario Wandruszka:
1355:2021-01-09 at the
1177:"Interlinguistics"
990:a priori languages
938:whistled languages
895:Gestural language
640:linguistic justice
596:
561:artistic languages
431:Theory of language
401:Origin of language
356:Autonomy of syntax
311:Grammaticalization
157:Discourse analysis
152:Corpus linguistics
1544:William Tomkins:
1510:978-3-030-84229-1
1106:David J. Peterson
1006:logical languages
986:
985:
977:
954:
925:
921:Classical Chinese
769:language planning
765:language planning
729:interlinguistique
707:interim languages
680:language planning
602:) by the Belgian
600:Interlinguistique
549:language creation
547:, the history of
521:language planning
517:interdisciplinary
509:language planning
497:planned languages
486:
485:
274:Distributionalism
217:Psycholinguistics
1585:
1573:Language contact
1568:Interlinguistics
1549:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1486:
1480:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1393:Yevgeniya Amis,
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1372:pidgin languages
1366:
1360:
1346:
1340:
1327:Federico Gobbo,
1325:
1319:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1279:
1273:
1268:Federico Gobbo,
1266:
1260:
1255:Federico Gobbo,
1253:
1236:
1230:
1125:Interlinguistics
1086:Interlinguistics
975:
952:
923:
881:
880:
864:Charles K. Bliss
854:(1951, IALA and
722:Mario Wandruszka
695:Interlinguistics
666:Field of studies
642:, management of
541:sociolinguistics
491:, also known as
489:Interlinguistics
478:
471:
464:
450:
396:LGBT linguistics
386:Internationalism
361:Compositionality
222:Sociolinguistics
197:Neurolinguistics
192:Interlinguistics
177:Ethnomethodology
19:
18:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1511:
1487:
1483:
1474:Wayback Machine
1464:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1357:Wayback Machine
1347:
1343:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1209:Translingualism
1204:Metalinguistics
1185:
1115:
1082:Jespersen, Otto
1060:Gode, Alexander
1022:
872:
789:sociolinguistic
668:
644:multilingualism
632:language policy
585:
533:language policy
525:standardization
482:
441:
440:
351:
343:
342:
254:
246:
245:
241:Writing systems
132:Anthropological
122:
114:
113:
64:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1509:
1481:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1399:
1386:
1377:
1361:
1341:
1320:
1295:
1274:
1261:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1179:, Lingvo.info
1114:
1113:External links
1111:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1093:
1079:
1069:
1057:
1041:
1021:
1018:
984:
983:
978:
976:(for the deaf)
970:
961:
955:
947:
941:
940:
931:
926:
918:
912:
906:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
871:
868:
856:Alexander Gode
840:Louis Couturat
832:Giuseppe Peano
737:Otto Jespersen
718:
717:
710:
667:
664:
648:
647:
628:
620:
617:
607:Jules Meysmans
592:Otto Jespersen
584:
581:
565:lingua francas
505:interlanguages
501:Otto Jespersen
484:
483:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
455:
454:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:Prescriptivism
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
62:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1590:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1416:3-492-00314-1
1413:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:9788365483539
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:Detlev Blanke
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
982:
979:
974:
971:
969:
965:
964:Bliss symbols
962:
959:
956:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
935:
932:
930:
927:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
883:
882:
879:
877:
867:
865:
861:
860:Bliss symbols
857:
853:
849:
848:Edgar de Wahl
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
805:Esperantology
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
715:
714:inter linguae
711:
708:
704:
700:
699:
698:
696:
691:
689:
688:lingua franca
685:
681:
677:
673:
663:
660:
658:
654:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
621:
618:
615:
614:
613:
610:
608:
605:
601:
593:
589:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:cosmoglottics
490:
479:
474:
472:
467:
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1020:Bibliography
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934:Silbo gomero
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787:, historic,
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703:interlinguae
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284:Glossematics
264:Constituency
236:interpreting
191:
74:Lexicography
1477:PERILUS XII
945:Constructed
904:Spontaneous
852:Interlingua
793:translation
785:comparative
781:descriptive
755:Interlingua
604:Esperantist
537:translation
436:Terminology
411:Orthography
331:Usage-based
232:Translating
127:Acquisition
32:Linguistics
1562:Categories
1243:References
966:and other
960:and others
936:and other
911:and others
909:Russenorsk
844:Occidental
701:Study of
406:Orismology
291:Functional
279:Generative
269:Dependency
89:Pragmatics
79:Morphology
69:Diachronic
1519:245721938
1154:(eo, fr)
1147:(eo, en)
1140:(en, eo)
1130:(de, en)
958:Esperanto
915:Tok Pisin
820:Esperanto
801:philology
797:Esperanto
693:The term
676:Esperanto
657:Esperanto
636:globalism
625:Esperanto
381:Iconicity
376:Etymology
296:Cognitive
259:Formalist
212:Phonetics
202:Philology
94:Semantics
84:Phonology
1470:Archived
1353:Archived
1306:, 2015,
1293:, Poland
1183:See also
1159:(CDELI)
1004:and the
1002:Solresol
981:Solresol
757:(1951).
686:work as
182:Forensic
162:Distance
109:Typology
24:a series
22:Part of
1316:archive
1092:, 1931.
973:Gestuno
862:(1949,
838:(1907,
830:(1903,
814:(1879,
812:Volapük
573:creoles
569:pidgins
137:Applied
47:History
42:Outline
1517:
1507:
1414:
1291:Poznan
1172:(JKI)
1053:
1014:Lojban
1010:Loglan
850:) and
822:(1887
452:Portal
350:Topics
99:Syntax
1515:S2CID
1220:Notes
1175:(en)
1168:(pl)
1162:(en)
950:Damin
803:(see
52:Index
1505:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1051:ISBN
1012:and
992:and
742:i.e.
575:and
523:and
234:and
227:Text
1497:doi
1350:pdf
1337:PDF
1312:PDF
876:one
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747:Ido
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1308:p.
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26:on
1521:.
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1339:)
1318:)
627:;
555:(
477:e
470:t
463:v
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