450:
820:... findings from work on linguistic transfer, typology and 'linguistic distance' ... two related issues arise in these studies: typological distance/phylogenetic relatedness and transfer ... Spanish-Basque bilinguals learning English demonstrated a stronger influence from Spanish, typologically a closer language ...
690:
A 2005 paper by economists Barry
Chiswick and Paul Miller attempted to put forth a metric for linguistic distances that was based on empirical observations of how rapidly speakers of a given language gained proficiency in another one when immersed in a society that overwhelmingly communicated in the
541:
play an important role in mutual intelligibility between languages, these figure prominently in such analyses. The higher the percentage of cognate (as opposed to non-cognate) words in the two languages with respect to one another, the lower is their linguistic distance. Also, the greater the degree
622:
However, lexicostatistical methods, which are based on retentions from a common proto-language â and not innovations â are problematic due to a number of reasons, so some linguists argue they cannot be relied upon during the tracing of a phylogenetic tree (for example, highest retention rates can
790:... linguistic distance is a notion which still remains problematic (for a discussion, see Hinskens, 1988), it does seem possible to place languages along a continuum based on formal characteristics such as the number of cognates in languages or sets of shared syntactic characteristics ...
939:... The implication is that two countries sharing linguistic/colonial links tend to trade roughly 55 percent more than they would ... a new measure of linguistic distance that is a continuous scalar rather than a discrete dummy variable ...
850:... Methods that hypothesize relationships in this way are called distance-based methods because they infer the historical relationships from the linguistic distance between languages. Lexicostatistics is a commonly used distance-based ...
1163:... vocabulary, grammar, written form, syntax and myriad other statistics ... this scalar measure of "linguisitic distance" is demonstrated through an analysis of the determinants of English language proficiency among immigrants ...
969:... Linguisitic distance has been shown to be an important factor in determining the amount of trade between countries ... 'wider' language differences increases transaction costs and makes trade and negotiations less efficient ...
542:
of grammatical relatedness (i.e. the cognates mean roughly similar things) and lexical relatedness (i.e. the cognates are easily discernible as related words), the lower is the linguistic distance. As an example of this, the
1050:... Assuming that intelligibility is inversely related to linguistic distance ... the content words the percentage of cognates (related directly or via a synonym) ... lexical relatedness ... grammatical relatedness ...
623:
sometimes be found in the opposite, peripheral ends of a language family). Unusual innovativeness or conservativeness of a language can distort linguistic distance and the assumed separation date, examples being
879:... The main reason for the rapid language shift is said to be the lack of linguistic 'distance' between the two codes (both of them being Germanic and therefore genetically closely related) ...
909:... We measure cultural trade costs between the United States and its trading partners using indicators of the linguistic distance between English and other countries' primary languages ...
591:'table' are lexically (phonologically) similar but grammatically (semantically) dissimilar. Cognates in related languages can even be identical in form, but semantically distinct, such as
619:
to see which was closer to Dutch. It determined that the Dutch and
Afrikaans (mutual distance of 20.9%) were considerably closer than Dutch and West Frisian (mutual distance of 34.2%).
534:, i.e. the ability of speakers of one language to understand the other language. With this, the higher the linguistic distance, the lower is the level of mutual intelligibility.
647:). On the other hand, strong foreign influence of languages spreading far from their homeland can make them share fewer inherited words than they ought to (examples being
636:
505:) is from another. Although they lack a uniform approach to quantifying linguistic distance between languages, linguists apply the concept to a variety of
1011:
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latter language. In this study, the speed of
English language acquisition was studied for immigrants of various linguistic backgrounds in the
1094:
760:... The term 'linguistic distance' is often used to refer to the degree of similarity/ difference between any two language varieties ...
1084:"Problems in the method and interpretations of the computational phylogenetics based on linguistic data An example of wishful thinking"
603:) by comparing each language's mass of words, distances can be calculated between them; in technical terms, what is calculated is the
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599:, which mean respectively 'hot' and 'wide' in Italian but 'broth, soup' and 'long' in Spanish. Using a statistical approach (called
639:), therefore, from lexicostatistical point of view these languages appear less distant then they actually are (examples being
530:
The proposed measures used for linguistic distance reflect varying understandings of the term itself. One approach is based on
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of closely related languages after their separation can make some loanwords 'invisible' (indistinguishable from cognates, see
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Jyotirindra
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1124:"Linguistic Distance: A Quantitative Measure of the Distance Between English and Other Languages"
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Language conflict and national development: group politics and national language policy in India
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International trade in services and intangibles in the era of globalization
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To overcome the aforementioned problems of the lexicostatistical methods,
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Colin
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North-western
European language evolution: NOWELE, Issues 27-29
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Marshall B. Reinsdorf; Matthew Jon
Slaughter (1 August 2009),
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William
Hernandez Requejo; John L. Graham (4 March 2008),
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Jeffrey A. Frankel; Ernesto Stein; Shang-Jin Wei (1997),
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Measure of how different one language is from another
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Jan D. ten Thije; Ludger
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1062:List of Greek and Latin roots in English#P
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987:, University of California Press, 1970,
1122:Chiswick, B. R.; Miller, P. W. (2005).
867:, Odense University Press, 1996, 1996,
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1082:Häkkinen, Jaakko (23 September 2012).
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554:(but non-identical) to its cognate
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805:The Handbook of Language Teaching
802:Michael H. Long (15 July 2009),
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418:Philosophy of linguistics
318:Interactional linguistics
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255:Theoretical frameworks
209:Philosophy of language
189:History of linguistics
629:East Baltic languages
497:of how different one
149:Conversation analysis
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605:Levenshtein distance
393:Internet linguistics
303:Construction grammar
1200:Language comparison
1180:Applied linguistics
957:, Macmillan, 2008,
667:and written forms.
653:Samoyedic languages
491:Linguistic distance
328:Systemic functional
123:Applied linguistics
65:General linguistics
509:contexts, such as
433:Theory of language
403:Origin of language
358:Autonomy of syntax
313:Grammaticalization
159:Discourse analysis
154:Corpus linguistics
1045:978-90-272-1926-8
994:978-0-520-01590-6
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934:978-0-88132-202-6
904:978-0-226-70959-8
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413:Orthography
333:Usage-based
234:Translating
129:Acquisition
34:Linguistics
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1134:: 1â11.
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537:Because
521:Measures
499:language
184:Forensic
164:Distance
111:Typology
26:a series
24:Part of
575:English
560:Persian
556:Punjabi
503:dialect
495:measure
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139:Applied
49:History
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665:syntax
641:Finnic
586:German
454:Portal
352:Topics
101:Syntax
1154:S2CID
1098:(PDF)
1087:(PDF)
617:Dutch
615:with
597:largo
593:caldo
589:tisch
571:pent-
568:Greek
562:word
548:pÄnch
546:word
54:Index
1106:2022
1040:ISBN
1012:link
989:ISBN
959:ISBN
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