3166:, the Lucy Foster Homestead was home to Lucy Foster, who was born in 1767 in Boston, Massachusetts. As a child, she was taken in by a wealthy family, the Foster’s, and provided a home, and in return the family was granted compensation from the parish, and gained a working hand in daily chores and tasks. She served as the only African in the household for 11 years, before another child, Sarah Gilbert, was taken in by the Foster’s. After the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts, it appears that Lucy stayed with Hannah Foster, the matriarch of the Foster family. Limitation and lack of opportunities in post-emancipation Massachusetts may have contributed to this decision. At the age of 24, Lucy was “warned” out town by a letter that read, “You are, in the Name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, directed to warn and give Notice unto Lucy a Negroe Woman formerly a Servant of Job Foster…” This was a common practice meant to reduce the populations of Black and Indigenous populations in New England. Two years passed without incident, and Lucy seems to have returned to Andover once again. At 26, she is said to have given a “Profession of Faith,” to the South Parish Congregational Church, and a month later, Peter, Lucy’s son, is baptized. Peter’s age, location of birth, and paternal relation is unknown. Following the death of Hannah Foster in 1812, Lucy was granted one cow, one hundred dollars, and an acre of her land, per the instructions in the will. This information comes before the fate of her own children, suggesting a degree of familiarity between Lucy and the Foster matriarch. Not much is known about Lucy following this, until her death in 1845
3178:. Battle-Baptiste questions what poverty looks like in the material record, and how that material record was interpreted in the 1940s by the Bullens. In terms of Lucy’s material record, she had a wide array of items, including pearlware, Chinese porcelain, red ware, whitewall, and more, totaling 113 vessels, suggesting that ideas of poverty are variable throughout time. As Battle-Baptiste reanalyzed Lucy Foster’s homestead, she envisioned Lucy as independent, respected, and placed in a system that negotiated her freedom, but still experienced a degree of restriction based on her identity. The assemblage found at Lucy Foster’s home could also be evidence of her relative social position in Andover. Due to her isolation, it is possible that her positioning was advantageous to night travelers, and that this could be evidence of her role in the anti-slavery movement and contribution to
2980:, and performance theory, among others. Many archaeologists engaged in gender research avoid the label of “feminist,” largely due to the perceived negative connotations of the word. Others within the discipline have an oversimplified understanding of feminist archaeology's history and aims, and as a consequence mistakenly conflate it with postmodernism. Some archaeologists have argued against the continued incorporation of feminist thought, which is inherently political, into archaeological studies of gender. Few works in gender archaeology have actively engaged in challenging patriarchal power structures beyond rectifying androcentric histories. Feminist archaeology engages in challenging and changing interpretive frameworks employed by archaeologists: “Feminism is a politics aimed at changing gender-based power relations.” Noted feminist philosopher
3147:, a proponent of Black Feminist Archaeology (BFA), talks about the theories and methodology of Black Feminist Archaeology in her book Black Feminist Archaeology. According to Battle-Baptiste, BFA focuses on "the intersectionality of race, gender, and class" and the doubled or tripled form of oppression due to one's multiple identities. BFA researches into the past with the goal of connecting it to present-day racism and sexism. BFA seeks to combine traditional archaeology's strict material analysis with nearby historical and contemporary communities' cultural landscapes. Aided by these methods, Black Feminist Archaeology has the potential to diversify the questions asked and knowledge produced in archaeology. The
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Since the advent of the new millennium, there has been a shift away from such dichotomized spatial separation of gender. In historical archaeology, feminist archaeologists have been crucial to widening the definition of what constitutes a household from a familial model based on
Western norms, such as household archaeology projects studying brothels and fraternities. By engaging with broader household literature, archaeologists have begun to re-conceive household, long considered autonomous analytical units, as political spaces, occupied by social actors occupying different social positions shaped by gender, race, age, occupation, socioeconomic status, and so on.
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point production and butchering at kill sites, were prioritized in research time and funding; and that the very character of the discipline was constructed around masculine values and norms. For example, women were generally encouraged to pursue laboratory studies instead of fieldwork (although there were exceptions throughout the history of the discipline) and the image of the archaeologist was centered on the rugged, masculine, “cowboy of science”. In 1991, two publications marked the emergence of feminist archaeology on a large scale: the edited volume
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modern day hunter-gatherer groups that have the same behavior, Sterling suggests that this reinforces tribal stereotypes. Ideas of the innateness of violence and primitiveness of men are also implied. Sterling juxtaposes this view of prehistoric competition with the sexual violence experienced by enslaved Black women in the United States, and the criminality imposed on relations between Black men and White women. Consensual interactions between people of different races was seen as a historical impossibly, and that woman were not granted sexual agency.
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wait for a man to come along and do it for them. The argument behind this assumption, that men possess greater upper-body strength, was dismissed by Gero, who pointed out physical strength is not an imperative quality in someone skilled at making stone tools. Additionally, Gero pointed out the great emphasis in research time and money towards studies concerned with the most “masculine” of stone tools, such as projectile points, while stone tools likely made and used by women, for example utilized flakes, have been relatively ignored.
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rejects the separation or prioritization of one or another form of oppression. Black
Feminist Archeology is heavily inspired by Black Feminist Anthropology, with the addition of archaeological theory introduced to create a "purposefully coarse and textured analytical framework." This theoretical approach connects contemporary concepts of racism and sexism with the past, and draws connections between past influences and the way in which the past has influenced and shaped the present.
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activities due to decreased mobility resulting from pregnancy and their role in raising young children. This model has been critiqued by feminist anthropologists, as underplaying the evolutionary importance of women in favor of portraying them strictly as passive objects of reproduction and nothing more. Adrienne
Zihlman, tracing the evolutionary achievements ascribed to males as hunters, pointed out that female gathering activities could just as easily account for such adaptations.
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Exploring the domestic sphere with an emphasis on race, she demonstrates that the types of domestic works captive women did differ from those of the
European women. Relying on elder generations' social memory, Battle-Baptiste suggests that home is not the "four walls of a twenty foot dwelling." It extends into larger environment to incorporate the yard, and it is a place for people "to regroup, to learn strategies of survival, find strength, and create thoughts of resistance."
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3073:. The use of black feminist work, which calls to attention the inherent connectivity between gender and class in the U.S. has been an important step in advancing the use of intersectional analysis in archaeology. The intersectional approach faced a lot of “oppositional consciousness” that intervened in the flow of hegemonic feminist theory” and challenges in crossing the boundaries and negotiating with the terms of belonging in the community.
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gender-race-class as a means of exploring identity by historical archaeologists. Although many such studies have focused on white, middle-class women of the recent Anglo-American past, the articulation of gender with other aspects of identity is starting to be applied to Native
American women and African Americans. The work of Kathleen Deagan on Spanish colonial sites in the US and Caribbean has pioneered a movement of study of gender in the
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the influence or direction of AMHs. Another complicating factor is DNA evidence, that shows that there was substantial sexual interaction between the species of Homo across
Eurasia. This DNA shows that interbreeding between these species was prevalent enough to continue to persist in modern genomes today, but not so much as to have overwhelming percentages in modern populations.
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3121:, and learned nothing from this species that evolved over thousands of years successfully. The other leading interaction, competition, leads to the idea that the Neanderthal extinction was caused by Cro-Magnons out-competing them, which again lines up with Sterling's assertion that this implies that Neanderthals were an inferior race.
3052:. Narrative has been argued as an effective means by which archaeologists can create multivocal and more broadly accessible interpretations and presentations. The use of storytelling “demonstrate how narrative is a powerful tool for bringing texture, nuance, and humanity to women’s experiences as evidenced through archaeology”).
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institutions. For example, B.L Voss challenges the St. Augustine
Pattern in colonial period by applying postcolonial and poststructural feminist theories. She examines the applicability of St. Augustine Pattern from six aspects of life and concludes that this pattern reduces the complexity of colonial history.
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political way. Non-feminist archaeologists are less compelled to position themselves within their work, or reflect on how their position affects their work. Investigating gender independent of feminism, however, elides the aims of early studies and represents gender and sex in a conceptually deficient manner.
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Despite the positive change affected on archaeology, feminist thought is still not as widely implemented into mainstream archaeology, and when it is, it is often done so by women. When gender is considered in archaeological analyses, it is often only one factor amid a myriad of others within a larger
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That being said, there remains an issue where women's roles are indeed illuminated, but the roles and activities they performed are not engaged critically, and are, as
Margaret Conkey says, "unproblematized." In addition, the reinterpretation of androcentrism into gynocentrism, as with naming ancient
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The
Hermitage Plantation belonged to the seventh president Andrew Jackson, which had more than 160 slaves. In her research, Battle-Baptiste not only examines the physical landscape of the Hermitage but also delves into the cultural meanings, socialization processes, and Black agency within the space.
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along male and female sexes. Males were in charge of hunting, and presumably through this activity developed important evolutionary traits, such as increased brain size. Meanwhile, females stayed at home and raised the young. An assumption behind this model is that women were constrained from certain
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Feminist archaeology has had a lasting impact on archaeology that continues to grow today. Through the implementation of feminist thought in archaeology, visibility of women, both in the past and in the present, has been steadily increasing. One of the biggest contributions from feminist archaeology
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in archaeology is not addressed and if humans are not seen as gendered, archaeologists will miss the truth due to repeated reproduction of modern gender stereotypes. Following this trend, archaeologists challenge the hypothesis that, in ancient societies, women were always the gathers while men were
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Feminist concern has been primarily with women; however, emerging concern with the exploration and intricacies of masculinities in archaeology is rising. Masculine identity constructs and social reproduction of normative masculinity are some of the topics that have been addressed by a limited number
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Unfortunately, little is known about the dynamics of these relationships between
Neanderthals and AMHS. Citing a 2012 New York Times article, where Dr. Chris Stringer describes the inbreeding between Neanderthals and AMHs as “aggressive acts between competing human groups,” which he says are akin to
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summed up the feminist critique of the discipline at that time: that archaeologists were unproblematically overlaying modern-day, Western gender norms onto past societies, for example in the sexual division of labor; that contexts and artifacts attributed to the activities of men, such as projectile
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has also began to reflect on itself as a strongly masculine archaeology subfield. Oftentimes, maritime archaeology studies warfare, shipwrecks, and sea battles, leaving the social aspects of maritime life marginalized and unexplored. Maritime archaeologists interpretations of the pasts also fail to
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One important realm of research for feminist archaeologists, along with some non-feminists, is de-centering Westernized forms of history in favor of privileging alternative conceptions and interpretations of the past, and exploring non-traditional ways of conveying knowledge. A growing body of work
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Since the early feminist critiques of archaeology, gender has gained enormous popularity within the discipline. The label “feminist” has not been embraced by most archaeologists, however. A split between gender and feminist archaeologies formed during the 1990s. Gender archaeology has become a wide
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Archaeological studies of domestic sites have been particularly affected by ongoing feminist work. The long-standing trend in archaeology to associate women with domestic spaces, placed in opposition to the association with men and “public” spaces, has been a continuous locus of feminist research.
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However, new analyses have complicated this relationship. New finds of a collapsed shelter of mammoth bones, red ochre, and non-butchery marks on mammoth bones, dated before the arrival of AMHs to the area, suggest that Neanderthals were capable of performing this kind of symbolic activity without
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challenged androcentric explanations of tool-making on several levels. First, the common assumption that tool-making was almost exclusively associated with men was almost certainly false; at the least, women were far more likely to produce their own tools as needed in domestic contexts rather than
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Though exact dates are contested and variable, it can be said that anatomically modern humans (AMH) and Neanderthals interacted and lived among one another for a sustained amount of time. The ways in which AMHs and Neanderthals were thought to have interacted are through cultural transmission and
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controversy highlighted the importance of this kind of work. Parallels have been drawn between feminist archaeology and Indigenous archaeology, focusing on how both work to break down the male, white, middle-class, Western monopoly to accessing knowledge about the past. This type of work helps to
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A point of contention in Lucy’s story for Battle-Baptiste is the question of her poverty, and how poverty shaped Lucy’s identity, or her identity was shaped by poverty. She suggests that, like many other African American women did at the time, Lucy likely continued to work service jobs and other
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Still, competition does not explain the probabilities of infanticide, abortion, and abandonment of the children born from Neanderthal and AMH interaction, which again ignore the agency of women in these populations, Sterling claims. Instead of Neanderthals withering away from climatic violence,
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Black Feminist Archaeology is relatively new within the discipline of archaeology, and has been predominantly led by Black women in historical North American contexts. It focuses on the intersection between race, gender, and class in the interpretation of the American archaeological record, and
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Archaeologist Kathleen Sterling proposes two ways that black feminist theory can be applied to archaeology outside of historical North American contexts: (1) by studying the Paleolithic people of Europe in a way that attempts to be cognizant of our interpretations of primitiveness, while also
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not employed by feminists lacks such characteristics. Gender is currently a common topic of study in archaeology among non-feminists. Such studies focus on identifying gendered activities and material culture and on the gender roles of past peoples, but do not present themselves in an overtly
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Before the 1990's, there wasn't a lot of archaeological research dealing with sexuality. Entering into the 2000's, more researchers apply feminist theory and queer theory to study reproduction management, sexual representations, sexual identities, prostitution, and the sexual politics of
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Feminist archaeologists continue to challenge archaeological norms and expand research into new intellectual territories. They argue for the incorporation of alternative forms of knowledge and representation; for example, black and Indigenous epistemologies have been employed by feminist
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Feminist archaeology has expanded in recent years to include intersectional analyses, such as Black Feminist archaeology, Indigenous archaeology, and post-colonial archaeology. It also began to pay more attention to household studies, the study of masculinity, and the study of sexuality.
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Inspired by the feminist trend, some archaeologists began to reflect on Archaeology as a discipline itself. Feminist critics lists three types of androcentrism exists in archaeology: 1) focusing on presumed male roles such as hunter, warrior, chief, and farmers; 2) under-analyzing in
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Sterling posits that they were rather absorbed into AMH communities because of their interbreeding and child rearing. This view echoes other theories about Neanderthal disappearance, but acknowledges their autonomy and agency as well, despite leading to their extinction as a species.
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the linkage between gender, race, and class has been increasingly explored, but other aspects of identity, notably sexuality, have been examined as well in relation to gender. Intersectional analysis has not been limited to feminist archaeology, as illustrated by the prevalent use of
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has critiqued the uncritical application of modern, Western norms and values to past societies. It is additionally concerned with increasing the representation of women in the discipline of archaeology, and reducing androcentric bias within the field.
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Lightfoot 2005. Indians, missionaries, and merchants: the legacy of colonial encounters on the Californian Frontiers; Howlett 2004. Gendered Practices: Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Evidence of Native American Social Divisions of Labor.
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Despite the storied life that Lucy Foster lived, and the importance of her site as one of the first excavated African American sites in the United States, her story is not well known in Archaeology, or in Massachusetts.
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sites, both of which are assumed to be diffused from AMHs. This interpretation of the cultural interaction between AMHs and Neanderthals, Sterling claims, assumes that Neanderthals are an inferior race to the superior
3218:"acknowledge there are other ways to be male and female." Considering the vastness of sea and the great potential of maritime archaeology, scholar Jesse Ransley advocate for the queering of maritime archaeology.
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Additionally, there has been a lack of crossover between mainstream feminist academia and archaeological theory, showcasing that feminist archaeology has not yet made the jump into mainstream feminist circles.
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involves involvement with descendant communities, giving them a voice in archaeological investigations and interpretations of the past. The public demand for allowing descendant communities a voice in the
2932:, which focused on women and gender in post-Columbian America. Outside the Americas, feminist archaeology enjoyed an earlier emergence and greater support among the greater archaeological community.
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Sterling uses a Black Feminist framework to showcase how different aspects of life and identity intersect and impact areas of interest, and produce more complex understandings of prehistoric life.
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ed. Robert Schmidt and Barbara Voss 160-178; Voss 2000. Colonial Sex: Archaeology, Structured Space, and Sexuality in Alta California's Spanish-Colonial Missions. See Schmidt and Voss volume 35-61
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is the revisitation of past cultural circumstances, which has led to the reevaluation of women’s roles and revealed situations where women were more present than previously thought.
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Haas, Randall; Watson, James; Buonasera, Tammy; Southon, John; Chen, Jennifer C.; Noe, Sarah; Smith, Kevin; Llave, Carlos Viviano; Eerkens, Jelmer; Parker, Glendon (November 2020).
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kinds of manual labor, like cooking, laundry, and sewing, evidenced by the number of needles, thimbles, and buttons found in her material assemblage. In 1813, Lucy is listed on the
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Feminist researchers should engage in self-reflexivity, recognizing their personal social positions, interests, and values, and discussing how these interact with their research.
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A common analytical technique employed by feminist (and some non-feminist) archaeologists is intersectional analysis, which, following the assertions of black feminists leading
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activities/processes considered to be in the female domain by western tradition; 3) interpreting data "through the eyes of middle-age, middle-class, western white men." If
3036:, based on letters and diaries by early 20th-century prostitutes to explore prostitution. Another example is seen in Laurie Wilkie’s fictional worker involved in the
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Additionally, feminist archaeologists have engaged in the use of fiction to help access the past. This has taken the form of plays, as seen in
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To propose research questions that address people oppressed by systems of inequality structured by gender, in order to change such conditions.
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Feminist research should be grounded in the situated experience of women and other groups marginalized by conventional gender structures.
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paradigm in anthropology, named after a symposium given in the 1960s by some of the most prominent names in archaeology, bifurcated the
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perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as
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in the U.S., maintains that gender cannot be accessed by itself but must be studied in conjunction with other forms of identity. In
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Researchers should be held accountable to those affected by their research; under no means should feminist research exploit others.
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in Massachusetts are examples Battle-Baptiste used to demonstrate the Black Feminist Archaeological approach to historical sites.
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3104:, and the way in which they interacted. Sterling provides an example for how Black feminist theory can be applied to the latter.
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e.g., Seifert et al 2000. Mary Ann Hall's First-Class House: the Archaeology of a Capital Brothel. See Schmidt and Voss volume
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Vol. 9 No. 23; Wilkie 2000. Magical passions: Sexuality and African-American archaeology. See Schmidt and Voss volume 129-142
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DeCunzo 1995. Reform, respite, ritual: An archaeology of institutions; The Magdalen Society of Philadelphia, 1800-1850. In
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2008:
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Caesalla 2000. Bulldaggers and Gentle Ladies: Archaeological Approaches to Female Homosexuality in Convict-Era Australia.
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Vol. 37 No. 3; Conkey 2005. Dwelling at the margins, action at the intersection? Feminist and indigenous archaeologies.
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archaeologists. There continues to be a feminist critique of the masculine character and organization of archaeology.
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Vol. 2 No. 2; 1996. Colonial Transformation: Euro-American Cultural Genesis in the Early Spanish-American Colonies.
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Vol. 1 No. 1; Wilkie 2005. Inessential archaeologies: problems of exclusion in Americanist archaeological thought.
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Hendon 2006. Living and Working at Home:The Social Archaeology of Household Production and Social Relations.
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Wilkie and Howlett Hayes 2006:252. Engendered and Feminist Archaeologies of the Recent and Documented Pasts.
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and remains listed there until her death in 1845. She was never told to abandon her property or move to an
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Feminist archaeology initially emerged in the late 1970s and early 80s, along with other objections to the
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4043:(2000). "Girling the girl and boying the boy: the production of adulthood in ancient Mesoamerica".
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Wilkie, Laurie A. (2010). "A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity at a University Fraternity".
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Little 1994:10. People with history: An update on historical archaeology in the United States.
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The Lost Boys of Zeta Psi: A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity in a University Fraternity
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The lost boys of Zeta Psi: a historical archaeology of masculinity in a university fraternity
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Moser 2007. On Disciplinary Culture: Archaeology as Fieldwork and Its Gendered Associations.
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acknowledging that our conceptions of primitiveness are racially coded; and (2) by studying
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Colonial encounters in a Native American landscape: the Spanish and Dutch in North America
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of archaeologists. This area of study in general, however, remains relatively unexplored.
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competition. This interaction of cultural transmission is thought to be seen through the
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de-center the privileged position of Western knowledge without removing its relevance.
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4045:
4040:
4012:
3947:
3905:
3871:
3832:
3820:
3443:
3397:
3377:
3333:
3321:
3305:
3113:
2681:
2545:
2508:
2503:
2483:
2478:
2448:
2413:
2366:
2356:
2320:
2315:
2300:
2295:
2209:
1944:
1937:
1912:
1902:
1887:
1757:
1730:
1621:
1580:
1556:
1431:
1411:
1398:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1322:
1222:
797:
512:
502:
480:
227:
217:
4106:
5530:
5465:
5432:
5143:
5128:
4999:
4693:
4658:
4482:
4432:
4382:
4335:
4289:
4281:
4224:
4127:
4054:
4026:
3939:
3863:
3812:
3369:
3297:
3267:
3163:
3045:
2916:
2630:
2625:
2535:
2463:
2458:
2418:
2371:
2346:
2283:
2155:
2083:
1932:
1817:
1705:
1616:
1570:
1546:
1470:
1443:
1406:
1249:
1242:
1232:
1212:
1156:
1139:
1080:
833:
450:
430:
167:
142:
3048:
interpreted the meaning behind a single artifact through a fictional narrative in
5368:
5221:
5123:
4984:
4848:
4826:
4738:
4607:
4566:
4520:
4002:
3433:
3262:
2977:
2912:
2871:
2826:
2234:
2043:
2031:
1837:
1782:
1762:
1720:
1585:
1475:
1421:
1379:
1317:
1312:
1278:
1190:
1144:
694:
634:
611:
360:
3286:
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley (September 1, 2000). "Feminist Scholarship in Archaeology".
5632:
5437:
5427:
5388:
5363:
5133:
5004:
4974:
4954:
4944:
4924:
3748:
Domestic architecture and power: the historical archaeology of colonial Ecuador
3301:
3070:
2945:
2879:
2605:
2048:
2013:
1822:
1638:
1590:
1384:
1344:
1227:
649:
355:
172:
132:
4339:
4229:
4212:
4058:
3816:
2984:
delineates several guidelines imperative for conducting feminist archaeology:
5647:
5405:
4969:
4949:
4929:
4904:
4444:
4421:"Gender, Race, and Labor in the Archaeology of the Spanish Colonial Americas"
4394:
4347:
4238:
4176:
4066:
3909:
3855:
3824:
3604:
The archaeology of ethnogenesis: race and sexuality in colonial San Francisco
3539:
Geller 2009. Identity and Difference: Complicating Gender in Archaeology. In
3381:
3309:
3209:
1907:
1867:
1862:
1777:
1524:
1487:
1112:
1107:
527:
522:
470:
192:
4323:
4090:
3867:
3800:
3240:
figurines as “goddesses,” misses the point of meaningful Feminist critique.
2928:, which focused on women in prehistory, and a thematic issue of the journal
813:
5256:
5103:
4989:
4939:
4636:
4512:
4303:
4285:
4098:
3351:
3325:
2981:
2973:
2908:
2900:
2128:
2058:
1922:
1857:
1852:
1812:
1767:
1529:
1448:
1426:
1327:
1202:
1075:
435:
325:
31:
4131:
3943:
5332:
5211:
5083:
5062:
4919:
4894:
4884:
4843:
3101:
2883:
1541:
1332:
607:
475:
232:
105:
72:
4544:
5395:
5327:
4964:
4155:
Myriam., Nelson, Sarah M. (Sarah Milledge), 1931- Rosen-Ayalon (2002).
3317:
2941:
2088:
2073:
1772:
587:
4074:
3729:
1985. The archaeology of the Spanish contact period in the Caribbean.
3389:
5383:
5342:
4156:
3645:
2003 The archaeology of mothering: an African-American midwife's tale
3175:
3041:
2959:
2068:
2063:
1151:
560:
555:
487:
3198:
2972:
umbrella, including, but not limited to, feminist work that employs
5138:
4486:
4436:
3373:
2867:
1842:
1715:
1283:
805:
4576:
3221:
3018:
5204:
4473:
Conkey, Margaret W. (2003). "Has Feminism Changed Archaeology?".
3040:, interjected in her archaeological study of an African-American
2949:
1514:
597:
577:
545:
335:
4082:
3719:
Engendering African American archaeology: a southern perspective
3009:
4158:
In pursuit of gender : worldwide archaeological approaches
572:
5031:
3289:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3085:
3511:
Embodied Lives: Figuring Ancient Maya and Egyptian Experience
4571:
3151:
in Tennessee, Lucy Foster's homesite in Massachusetts, and
3112:
tool tradition, as well as the presence of worked ivory in
582:
4259:
3898:"DNA Turning Human Story Into a Tell-All (Published 2012)"
3465:, "Genderlithics: Women's Roles in Stone Tool Production".
39:
3590:
Franklin 2001. A Black feminist-inspired archaeology?
3706:
Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut
3404:
5185:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
4816:
3230:
2966:
2894:
4324:"Boats are for boys: queering maritime archaeology"
3521:Conkey 2003. Has Feminism Changed Archaeology? In
3991:ed. by Lynn Meskell and Robert W. Preucel 255-271
3535:
3533:
3531:
3199:Feminist archaeology and the study of masculinity
5645:
3338:American Academy of Political and Social Science
2907:of archaeological thought, such as symbolic and
4213:"Is Androcentric Archaeology Really About Men?"
3931:
3222:Feminist archaeology and the study of sexuality
3019:Alternative forms of knowledge and presentation
3528:
3356:"Sociopolitics and the Woman-at-Home Ideology"
3162:First discovered in the 1940s by Adelaide and
5047:
4592:
4522:Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory
3076:
3010:Ongoing feminist contributions to archaeology
2844:
774:
4189:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4123:Gender and Archaeology: Contesting the Past
3616:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3579:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3566:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3285:
3086:Black Feminist Archaeological Contributions
5054:
5040:
4599:
4585:
4511:
4210:
4193:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3462:
3410:
3090:
3055:
2851:
2837:
1736:African-American women's suffrage movement
781:
767:
4293:
4228:
4119:
3862:, Routledge, pp. 33–72, 2017-07-05,
3856:"Constructing a Black Feminist Framework"
3139:
2935:
3895:
3798:
3663:Joyce 2002. The Languages of Archaeology
3431:
1681:Discrimination against transgender women
4387:10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085238
4321:
4154:
3932:Battle-Baptiste, Whitney (2017-10-25).
3577:2007. Doing Archaeology as a Feminist.
5646:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4262:"Female hunters of the early Americas"
4000:
3927:
3925:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
5035:
4580:
4572:FemArc Women's network in archaeology
4317:
4315:
4313:
4206:
4204:
4039:
3801:"Black Feminist Theory in Prehistory"
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
4418:
4368:
3350:
3189:
4606:
4459:
3922:
3839:
3735:Journal of Anthropological Research
2921:Archaeology and the Study of Gender
13:
4371:"Sexuality Studies in Archaeology"
4310:
4211:Skogstrand, Lisbeth (2011-04-01).
4201:
4148:
4113:
3775:
3674:Journal of Archaeological Research
14:
5670:
4553:
4120:Gilchrist, Roberta (1999-10-21).
3989:A Companion to Social Archaeology
3799:Sterling, Kathleen (2015-04-01).
3231:Impact of feminism in archaeology
2967:Feminist and gender archaeologies
2895:Emergence of feminist archaeology
5626:
5616:
5615:
4819:
3685:see Schmidt and Voss volume 2008
3244:framework, not a central tenet.
3153:W.E.B. Du Bois' boyhood homesite
3044:in the post-emancipation South.
2820:
2352:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1691:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
812:
38:
5061:
4504:
4419:Voss, Barbara L. (2008-10-01).
4412:
4369:Voss, Barbara L. (2008-10-01).
4362:
4253:
4033:
3994:
3981:
3969:
3960:
3896:Mitchell, Alanna (2012-01-31).
3889:
3772:Sandoval Feminist Theory Reader
3766:
3757:
3740:
3723:
3711:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3608:
3584:
3571:
3558:
3546:
3515:
3503:
2944:, among many other topics. The
4009:University of California Press
3490:
3477:
3468:
3425:
3416:
3344:
3279:
2784:Women's suffrage organizations
728:Anthropologists by nationality
16:Employs a feminist perspective
1:
4375:Annual Review of Anthropology
4322:Ransley, Jesse (2005-12-01).
3592:Journal of Social Archaeology
3273:
5200:electrical resistance survey
3541:Annual Review of Archaeology
2769:Suffragists and suffragettes
2699:American feminist literature
7:
3731:Journal of World Prehistory
3251:
2009:Views on transgender topics
1999:Views on sexual orientation
10:
5675:
5089:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
3935:Black Feminist Archaeology
3860:Black Feminist Archaeology
3485:Archaeologies of Sexuality
3432:Dahlberg, Frances (1981).
3302:10.1177/000271620057100107
3098:anatomically modern humans
3077:Black Feminist Archaeology
748:List of indigenous peoples
5611:
5563:
5458:
5351:
5295:
5244:
5235:
5170:Philosophy of archaeology
5157:
5069:
5013:
4872:
4836:
4814:
4614:
4340:10.1080/00438240500404623
4230:10.1007/s11759-010-9149-1
4059:10.1080/00438240009696933
3817:10.1007/s11759-015-9265-z
3602:Vol. 1 No. 1; Voss 2008.
3180:the Underground Railroad.
2800:Women's rights by country
1711:Female genital mutilation
493:Cross-cultural comparison
5021:Women's studies journals
3509:Meskell and Joyce 2003.
3038:Federal Writers' Project
2953:sexual division of labor
2805:Feminists by nationality
2779:Women's studies journals
2774:Women's rights activists
1502:Movements and ideologies
665:Historical particularism
4699:International relations
3938:. New York: Routledge.
3868:10.4324/9781315096254-2
3145:Whitney Battle-Baptiste
3091:Prehistoric Archaeology
3056:Intersectional analysis
2926:Engendering Archaeology
2193:International relations
1064:Intersectional variants
498:Participant observation
4980:Catharine A. MacKinnon
4286:10.1126/sciadv.abd0310
3717:Galle and Young 2004.
3498:Historical Archaeology
3463:Gero & Conkey 1991
3411:Gero & Conkey 1991
3140:Historical Archaeology
3066:historical archaeology
2936:Early feminist studies
2930:Historical Archaeology
2719:Conservative feminisms
1974:Bicycling and feminism
1950:Women in the workforce
1918:Violence against women
1893:Sexual objectification
1853:Opposition to feminism
1120:Vegetarian ecofeminism
640:Cross-cultural studies
5654:Archaeological theory
5180:Archaeological ethics
5175:Archaeological diving
5165:Archaeological theory
4960:Patricia Hill Collins
4854:Hegemonic masculinity
4132:10.4324/9780203007976
4126:. London: Routledge.
3944:10.4324/9781315096254
3694:Wilkie and Hayes 2006
3440:Yale University Press
3172:Overseers of the Poor
3026:African Burial Ground
2749:Feminist rhetoricians
2739:Feminist philosophers
2291:Revisionist mythology
1994:Views on prostitution
1979:Criticism of marriage
1674:Children's literature
5659:Feminism and history
5119:Augustus Pitt Rivers
5114:William Henry Holmes
5079:Archaeological sites
4560:Feminist archaeology
4425:Current Anthropology
3422:(1991 Vol. 25 No. 4)
3215:Maritime archaeology
3149:Hermitage Plantation
2864:Feminist archaeology
2729:Feminist art critics
2704:Feminist comic books
2661:Lists and categories
2340:By continent/country
2171:Pathways perspective
2054:Gender mainstreaming
1989:Views on pornography
1898:Substantive equality
1878:Reproductive justice
1828:Matriarchal religion
1686:Diversity (politics)
1627:Political lesbianism
937:Other women's rights
733:Anthropology by year
670:Boasian anthropology
645:Cultural materialism
630:Actor–network theory
228:Paleoanthropological
5109:John Lloyd Stephens
5099:Heinrich Schliemann
4995:Diana E. H. Russell
4664:Composition studies
4519:(August 26, 1991).
4517:Conkey, Margaret w.
4278:2020SciA....6..310H
4027:10.1525/j.ctt1pptf5
3750:; Rothschild 2003.
3258:Women in prehistory
3062:third-wave feminism
3050:What This Awl Means
2827:Feminism portal
2734:Feminist economists
2724:Ecofeminist authors
2529:Trinidad and Tobago
2469:Republic of Ireland
2161:Composition studies
1928:Women's empowerment
1883:Sex workers' rights
1808:Feminist capitalism
1788:Internalized sexism
1726:Feminism in culture
839:History of feminism
685:Performance studies
578:Kinship and descent
518:Cultural relativism
168:Paleoethnobotanical
143:Ethnoarchaeological
5633:History portal
5195:geophysical survey
4890:Simone de Beauvoir
4880:Elizabeth Anderson
4873:Feminist theorists
4674:Digital humanities
4652:Literary criticism
4565:2006-06-28 at the
4497:– via JSTOR.
4161:. AltaMira Press.
4041:Joyce, Rosemary A.
3902:The New York Times
3554:Gender Archaeology
3435:Woman the Gatherer
3361:American Antiquity
3003:gender archaeology
2139:Literary criticism
2004:Views on sexuality
1696:Effects on society
1664:Complementarianism
1644:Women's liberation
1399:Religious variants
1373:trans-exclusionary
1091:Radical lesbianism
705:Post-structuralism
464:Research framework
5641:
5640:
5559:
5558:
5541:Pseudoarchaeology
5158:Method and theory
5029:
5028:
4910:Kimberlé Crenshaw
4761:Political ecology
4328:World Archaeology
4141:978-0-203-00797-6
4046:World Archaeology
3953:978-1-315-09625-4
3877:978-1-315-09625-4
3763:see Franklin 2001
3596:World Archaeology
3190:Household studies
3114:Upper Paleolithic
2942:stone tool-making
2905:processual school
2861:
2860:
2812:
2811:
2331:
2330:
2321:womanist theology
2264:Political ecology
2095:Écriture féminine
2022:
2021:
1913:Triple oppression
1903:Toxic masculinity
1888:Sexual harassment
1753:Feminist stripper
1731:Feminist movement
1292:
1291:
1223:Africana womanism
1054:
1053:
791:
790:
690:Political economy
513:Thick description
310:Political economy
173:Zooarchaeological
133:Bioarchaeological
5666:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5466:Archaeoastronomy
5433:Paleoethnobotany
5242:
5241:
5144:Alfred V. Kidder
5129:Mortimer Wheeler
5056:
5049:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5000:Dorothy E. Smith
4837:Related subjects
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4766:Political theory
4601:
4594:
4587:
4578:
4577:
4548:
4499:
4498:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4397:. Archived from
4366:
4360:
4359:
4319:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4266:Science Advances
4257:
4251:
4250:
4232:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4180:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4037:
4031:
4030:
3998:
3992:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3852:
3837:
3836:
3796:
3773:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3755:
3744:
3738:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3588:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3494:
3488:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3283:
3268:Queer archeology
3071:Spanish colonies
3046:Janet D. Spector
3034:Red-Light Voices
2903:espoused by the
2853:
2846:
2839:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2764:Feminist parties
2759:Muslim feminists
2754:Jewish feminists
2665:
2664:
2646:History of women
2269:Political theory
2037:
2036:
1967:
1966:
1940:
1933:Women-only space
1818:Likeability trap
1706:Female education
1520:Anti-pornography
1375:
1374:
1370:
1086:Lesbian of color
1069:
1068:
946:Women's suffrage
922:Muslim countries
917:Women's suffrage
834:Feminist history
827:
826:
816:
793:
792:
783:
776:
769:
311:
193:Anthrozoological
42:
19:
18:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5625:
5607:
5555:
5454:
5369:Archaeogenetics
5347:
5291:
5237:Sub-disciplines
5231:
5227:Post-excavation
5222:Lithic analysis
5153:
5124:Flinders Petrie
5065:
5060:
5030:
5025:
5009:
4985:Martha Nussbaum
4868:
4864:Women's studies
4859:Women's history
4849:Feminist method
4832:
4827:Feminism portal
4825:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4615:Academic fields
4610:
4608:Feminist theory
4605:
4567:Wayback Machine
4556:
4551:
4537:
4529:. p. 436.
4507:
4502:
4471:
4460:
4417:
4413:
4404:
4402:
4367:
4363:
4320:
4311:
4258:
4254:
4209:
4202:
4182:
4181:
4169:
4153:
4149:
4142:
4118:
4114:
4038:
4034:
4019:
4011:. p. 343.
3999:
3995:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3930:
3923:
3914:
3912:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3854:
3853:
3840:
3797:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3754:; see Voss 2008
3746:Jamieson 2000.
3745:
3741:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3609:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3559:
3552:Sorenson 2000.
3551:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:. p. 250.
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3349:
3345:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3263:Marija Gimbutas
3254:
3233:
3224:
3201:
3192:
3142:
3110:Châtelperronian
3093:
3088:
3079:
3058:
3021:
3012:
2978:practice theory
2969:
2938:
2917:Janet Spector's
2913:Margaret Conkey
2911:archaeologies.
2897:
2857:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2715:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2561:Northern Cyprus
2341:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2149:Science fiction
2100:
2079:Women's studies
2044:Feminist method
2034:
2024:
2023:
2018:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1938:
1848:Oedipus complex
1838:Men in feminism
1803:Language reform
1783:Ideal womanhood
1763:Gender equality
1758:Formal equality
1721:Feminationalism
1658:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1605:Post-structural
1504:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1372:
1369:Gender-critical
1368:
1367:
1318:Femonationalism
1302:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1267:Native American
1207:
1162:Critical theory
1124:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1005:Second Republic
933:
903:
870:
844:Women's history
824:
787:
758:
757:
723:
715:
714:
695:Practice theory
635:Alliance theory
625:
617:
616:
612:Postcolonialism
541:
533:
532:
466:
456:
455:
421:Anthropological
416:
406:
405:
309:
259:
258:
238:
237:
188:
178:
177:
108:
98:
97:
68:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5672:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5623:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5596:Assyriologists
5593:
5586:Archaeologists
5583:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5438:Zooarchaeology
5435:
5430:
5428:Geoarchaeology
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5389:Paleopathology
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5364:Bioarchaeology
5361:
5355:
5353:
5352:Methodological
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5134:Dorothy Garrod
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5084:Antiquarianism
5081:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5059:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5005:Marilyn Waring
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4975:Julia Kristeva
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:Sandra Harding
4952:
4947:
4945:Germaine Greer
4942:
4937:
4935:Martha Fineman
4932:
4927:
4925:Andrea Dworkin
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Existentialism
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4703:Constructivism
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4555:
4554:External links
4552:
4550:
4549:
4535:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4487:10.1086/345322
4481:(3): 867–880.
4458:
4437:10.1086/591275
4431:(5): 861–893.
4411:
4381:(1): 317–336.
4361:
4334:(4): 621–629.
4309:
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4147:
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4112:
4053:(3): 473–483.
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3647:
3638:
3636:Costello, 2000
3629:
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3476:
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3448:
3424:
3415:
3403:
3374:10.2307/280492
3368:(2): 342–350.
3354:(April 1985).
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2946:Man the Hunter
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2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:Feminist poets
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2713:
2711:Feminist songs
2708:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2687:by nationality
2679:
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2670:
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2259:
2254:
2249:
2247:Existentialism
2244:
2243:
2242:
2240:Justice ethics
2232:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2198:Constructivism
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:Areas of study
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Gender studies
2046:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2014:SCUM Manifesto
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:Women's rights
1942:
1939:Women's health
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
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1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
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1845:
1840:
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1823:Male privilege
1820:
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1810:
1805:
1800:
1792:International
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1639:Technofeminism
1636:
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1301:Other variants
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1027:Cayman Islands
1022:United Kingdom
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789:
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756:
755:
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745:
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730:
724:
721:
720:
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712:
710:Systems theory
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
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650:Culture theory
647:
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233:Primatological
230:
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175:
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106:Archaeological
104:
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90:
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73:Archaeological
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
59:
58:
53:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5671:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5634:
5624:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Egyptologists
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5536:Phenomenology
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5423:Environmental
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Computational
5409:
5407:
5406:Archaeogaming
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Post-Medieval
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:Protohistoric
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:Chronological
5243:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:Richard Hoare
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:Luce Irigaray
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:Donna Haraway
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:Cynthia Enloe
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4915:Hélène Cixous
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:Judith Butler
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4817:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4791:Technoscience
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:Postmodernism
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
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4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:Art criticism
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4536:9780631175018
4532:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4513:Gero, Joan M.
4510:
4509:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4401:on 2022-06-03
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4217:Archaeologies
4214:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4168:0-7591-0086-1
4164:
4160:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4018:9780520260597
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3975:Wilkie 2010.
3972:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3926:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3811:(1): 93–120.
3810:
3806:
3805:Archaeologies
3802:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3769:
3760:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3737:Vol. 52 No. 2
3736:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3618:Vol. 14 No. 3
3617:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3600:Archaeologies
3597:
3593:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3525:Vol. 28 No. 3
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3451:
3449:9780300029895
3445:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3352:Gero, Joan M.
3347:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:(1): 89–106.
3295:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3216:
3213:the hunters.
3211:
3210:androcentrism
3205:
3196:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3164:Ripley Bullen
3160:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3016:
3007:
3004:
3001:In contrast,
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:United States
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:Latin America
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Technoscience
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Art criticism
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Men's studies
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Views on BDSM
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Transmisogyny
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Purplewashing
1866:
1864:
1863:Protofeminism
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Honor killing
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:Individualist
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:Cyberfeminism
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Anti-abortion
1306:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:Multicultural
1211:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:Transnational
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:Postgenderism
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:Transfeminism
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:United States
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Liechtenstein
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
951:
947:
944:
943:
938:
935:
934:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
907:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
878:
874:
873:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
828:
820:
819:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
803:
799:
795:
794:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
753:Organizations
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
719:
718:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:Structuralism
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Functionalism
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
620:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
567:
566:sociocultural
564:
563:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
529:
528:Emic and etic
526:
524:
523:Ethnocentrism
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
472:
471:Anthropometry
469:
468:
465:
460:
459:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Ethnopoetical
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
410:
409:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:Transpersonal
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Psychological
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Institutional
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Environmental
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:
182:
181:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Environmental
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
107:
102:
101:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
5485:
5471:Archaeometry
5445:Experimental
5379:Near Eastern
5338:Near Eastern
5333:Mesopotamian
5287:Contemporary
5104:Arthur Evans
4990:Val Plumwood
4940:Nancy Fraser
4734:Epistemology
4709:Legal theory
4632:Architecture
4626:
4622:Anthropology
4521:
4505:Bibliography
4478:
4474:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4403:. Retrieved
4399:the original
4378:
4374:
4364:
4331:
4327:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4223:(1): 56–74.
4220:
4216:
4157:
4150:
4122:
4115:
4050:
4044:
4035:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3976:
3971:
3962:
3934:
3913:. Retrieved
3901:
3891:
3881:, retrieved
3859:
3808:
3804:
3768:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3659:
3654:Spector 1993
3650:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3578:
3573:
3568:Vol. 1 No. 1
3565:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3522:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3479:
3470:
3458:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3406:
3365:
3359:
3346:
3336:– via
3293:
3287:
3281:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3168:
3161:
3157:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3106:
3102:Neanderthals
3094:
3080:
3059:
3049:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3000:
2982:Alison Wylie
2974:queer theory
2970:
2958:
2939:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2901:epistemology
2898:
2889:
2863:
2862:
2591:Saudi Arabia
2387:South Africa
2230:Epistemology
2205:Legal theory
2124:Architecture
2118:
2114:Anthropology
2093:
2059:Gynocentrism
1923:War on women
1858:Pro-feminism
1813:Gender-blind
1768:Gender quota
1741:Art movement
1515:Anti-fascist
1449:Dianic Wicca
1328:Postfeminism
1203:Xenofeminism
1186:Postcolonial
1103:Sex-positive
738:Bibliography
680:Interpretive
655:Diffusionism
624:Key theories
610: /
540:Key concepts
451:Sociological
431:Ethnological
218:Neurological
203:Evolutionary
152:
148:Experiential
32:Anthropology
5551:Transgender
5476:Battlefield
5252:Prehistoric
5212:Burnt layer
5149:George Bass
5063:Archaeology
4920:Alice Crary
4900:Nancy Bauer
4895:Wendy Brown
4885:Karen Barad
4844:Ecofeminism
4749:Metaphysics
4669:Criminology
4647:Film theory
4627:Archaeology
3627:Conkey 2005
3119:Cro-Magnons
2919:1984 paper
2909:hermeneutic
2884:archaeology
2882:. Feminist
2596:South Korea
2576:Philippines
2556:New Zealand
2551:Netherlands
2274:Pornography
2252:Metaphysics
2166:Criminology
2144:Film theory
2119:Archaeology
1798:Women's Day
1600:Libertarian
1542:Ecofeminism
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1340:Reactionary
1333:Neofeminism
1274:Multiracial
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1174:Materialist
1017:Switzerland
997:New Zealand
608:Colonialism
551:Development
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476:Ethnography
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284:Development
223:Nutritional
198:Biocultural
123:Battlefield
5648:Categories
5574:by country
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5450:Underwater
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5318:Australian
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3915:2020-11-15
3883:2020-10-12
3474:Wylie 2007
3274:References
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1773:Girl power
1746:In hip hop
1669:Literature
1632:Separatist
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4067:0043-8243
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2494:Argentina
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2616:Thailand
2571:Pakistan
2541:Malaysia
2524:Paraguay
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2316:Theology
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4754:Science
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3581:Vol. 14
3543:Vol. 38
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2631:Ukraine
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2586:Russia
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2499:Brazil
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2429:France
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987:Kuwait
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4300:PMID
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