512:
theory and techniques with practitioners in other parts of the world, with a strong emphasis on the involvement of conservators. Underwater aviation archaeology commenced in
Australia at the wrecks of the Dornier, Catalina, and Sunderland Flying Boats destroyed by Japanese fighters at Broome in WWII. These lie, both in the intertidal zone, and in deeper water. The study continued in Darwin in the Northern Territory with research and fieldwork at its series of submerged PBY Catalina wrecks, Subsequently, the study has spread to other regions in Australia, partly as a result of the Interest of Flinders University and its postgraduate student body. While military aircraft remain the property of their respective governments unless delegated to a third party, submerged aircraft wrecks (such as the wrecks at Broome in Western Australia), have proven to be quite difficult to protect from unauthorized recoveries and looting. Those in Broome are now protected under the provisions of the 1990 Heritage of Western Australia Act.
246:. The act identifies military craft as including any sunken military aircraft or military spacecraft that was owned or operated by a government when it sank, and includes the associated contents. Because of the U.S. Navy's retaining of ownership of all military craft, the act applies to any U.S. Navy aircraft, even if in international or other country's territorial waters. The act also applies to any foreign military craft in U.S. territorial waters. Persons wishing to conduct archaeological or research exploration of any submerged military aircraft can apply to the
326:
314:
67:
113:
105:(NTSB) will have almost all of the aircraft and debris removed; which makes aviation archaeology more challenging. Remains of military aircraft crash sites may also be removed by various aircraft restoration groups, particularly if the aircraft was found largely intact. In general, most recent-day (since the 1980s) aircraft crashes are removed entirely, due to environmental regulations, leaving very little to indicate the existence of a wreck.
136:
90:
235:, or activity that disturbs wither wreck or aviation property remains can, in some cases, be permitted on federal and state lands under a permitting process through the regulating entity. If an aircraft wreck, or the remains of any aviation property, is located on private land it is not automatically protected by any federal, state, or local law and any survey or excavation work must be permitted by the land owner.
528:", have pursued American military wreck sites and remains without disturbing them; their findings are forwarded to JPAC. In Australia and in some other parts of the world, where there are human remains involved, a tendency has been for the armed forces to secure the services of forensic anthropologists and crash investigators.
334:
equipment parts, asphalt or runway material, variety of contamination, structures and foundations, businesses and economics, to community and cultural changes. With the closure of a military airbase, the street system and runways become local expansion of city streets and business; one example is the community conversion of
531:
Professional aviation archaeologists may also be involved in the recovery of near-complete examples of wrecked or abandoned aircraft for profit. The clients of these professionals range from private individuals and aviation museums, to government agencies. Often these aircraft are in remote areas,
502:
is conducted before recovery operations begin. Many tasks are established and the research is a long process that requires the detailed review numerous and various sources of information. The complexities include a great deal of preparation, extensive training, precise planning, and very technical
190:
protection laws are not aviation specific, so all protection laws pertaining to aviation sites are based on interpretation. Most federal and state laws are, however, explicit in describing cultural resources as either ‘objects, sites, or otherwise, of historic value’ or ‘military or social history’
148:
data & maps, to researching accident reports information, numerous resources help create a complete picture of the historic event. Accident reports, such as the official US Air Force
Accident Report Form 14 becomes the foundation of archaeology research. From there, newspaper articles, county
295:
Aviation history sites on land that can be subject to archaeological survey or excavation can include airports (which can contain hangars, terminal, other facilities, etc.), crash sites, monuments, or even properties associated with important persons or events in aviation history. Some examples of
108:
For example, military crashes in
Arizona originate from numerous air bases, past and present. Because of the warm and sunny weather, much of the U.S. Army Air Forces flight training was located in the state, both during and after WWII. Numerous air bases dotted the states – creating conditions for
304:
The Loon Lake B-23 Dragon crash site in
Payette National Forest, Idaho is a remarkably intact example of an aircraft wreck. The crew survived and was rescued, and some avionics removed from the site, and it currently is the subject of a teaching aviation archaeology field school in various years.
258:
As a part of federal air regulations, NTSB Part 830, protects any aircraft whose accident cause is under investigation. NTSB officials will routinely seize portions of wrecked aircraft for further analysis. Most of the time, after their study is complete, the sequestered debris is returned to the
511:
The
Australian focus has been on underwater aviation archaeology, partly as a result of the interest of the relatively large number of maritime archaeologists and shipwreck conservators in the field. This has resulted in numerous studies and reports, including some cross-fertilization or ideas,
357:
investigations revealed magnetic, electromagnetic, and ground penetrating radar anomalies and infrared thermal images associated with the hangar structure. The archaeological excavations located an in situ wood post, posthole features, and artifacts which represent archaeological remains of the
143:
The internet is an ideal media for sharing, recording, educating, and promoting aviation archaeology as a hobby, as well as research projects for local and state aviation historical groups. For identifying aircraft type and manufacturer by part numbers and manufacturing inspection stamps can be
1288:
McCarthy, M., Green, J., Jung, S. and Souter, C., 2002. The Broome Flying Boats: Papers relating to the nomination of a suite of flying boat wrecks at Broome to the
Register of Heritage Places under the Heritage Of Western Australia Act 1990. Report – Department of Maritime Archaeology Western
333:
Abandoned airfields can yield much information of historic information about aviation and related industries. From civilian airfields to military airfields, aviation archaeologists can find, uncover, and recover a variety of artifacts, just to name a few: aircraft parts with serial numbers,
254:
for a permit. The U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard has similar policies and permitting requirements to the Navy. The SMCA includes penalties associated with any unauthorized disturbances of sunken military craft as a fine and a liability for the reasonable costs incurred in recovery of
497:
Underwater search and recovery is a complex aspect of aviation archaeology. Dive and recovery team have to do extensive research and planning before any recovery is performed. The aircraft site may be left as a memorial and not recovered. Once an aircraft has been located, an
524:(JPAC), traveling to former war zones throughout the world, to search for the remains of American servicemen and women that have been lost. Many of these losses involve aircraft mishaps in remote and difficult to reach areas. A group of volunteers, under the banner of "
1395:
Jung, Silvano (2001). Wings
Beneath the Sea: the aviation archaeology of Catalina Flying Boats in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory. Unpublished Master of Arts thesis, Northern Territory University (now Charles Darwin University), Darwin, Northern Territory,
1269:
Jung, Silvano (2001). Wings
Beneath the Sea: the aviation archaeology of Catalina Flying Boats in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory. Unpublished Master of Arts thesis, Northern Territory University (now Charles Darwin University), Darwin, Northern Territory,
275:. This Act defines an offence of tampering with, damage to, moving, or unearthing the aircraft remains. Exceptions apply to those holding licences, which can be issued by the Secretary of State, authorising specific procedures to be performed.
469:
ditched in Lake Mead in 1949. This particular aircraft is listed in the
National Register under Criterion C as an example of a significant type of aircraft construction and under Criterion D for it potential to yield important information.
199:
on an airport or a wreck site on the path of a proposed highway, are also immediately subject to
Section 106 review if they are to be disturbed by a project that either requires a federal permit or uses federal funds. In most cases, the
2063:
29:
is a recognized sub-discipline within archaeology and underwater archaeology as a whole. It is an activity practiced by both enthusiasts and academics in pursuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in
2198:
207:
The National Register deems aviation wreck sites as “any aircraft that has been crashed, ditched, damaged, stranded, or abandoned”. It designates the protection terms for aviation history sites as well, including abandoned
34:. For the most part, these sites are aircraft wrecks and crash sites, but also include structures and facilities related to aviation. It is also known in some circles and depending on the perspective of those involved as
2000:
1871:
1972:
377:. It was in use from 1929 until 1976. It was eventually turned over to the city of Novato for development of housing. The runway is also part of tidal wetland restoration effort currently underway by the
85:
when, after the conflict, numerous aircraft wrecks studded the countryside. Many times, memorials to those involved in the crashes were put together by individuals, families, landholders, or communities.
2044:
282:(BAAC), which defines ethical standards of behaviour, coordinates activities and provides a forum for discussion for its member groups. Not all active groups in the UK are members of this organisation.
1994:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
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1927:
1922:
1917:
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1907:
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2193:
2007:
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1420:
Merlin, Peter W. & Moore, Tony (2008). X-Plane Crashes: Exploring Experimental, Rocket Plane, and Spycraft Incidents, Accidents and Crash Sites; Specialty Press, North Branch, Minnesota.
223:
State lands protection laws vary widely across the nation but the language describing a historical resource is the same as federal laws. Therefore, aviation properties and aircraft wrecks on
2241:
2049:
109:
numerous training accidents. Old abandoned US Army Air Corp auxiliary fields and those converted to city municipal airports provide archaeological sites to be researched and investigated.
1663:
2034:
186:, that are usually considered abandoned when wrecked, the wreck site and all associated contents are subject to the protection laws of the land upon which it rests. The language of
227:
can be protected under various environmental, public resource, and historical property laws as outlined per state for the protection of archaeological and historic resources. Any
191:
and deem the time limit as over fifty years old. If an aircraft wreck is over fifty years old, which includes all aviation wreck sites from WWII, and crashed on what is currently
2014:
1833:
1752:
1035:
802:
349:
Site at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The investigations were “designed to provide information needed for site management by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and the
2127:
2039:
1850:
2115:
2110:
195:, the sites are automatically protected under National Park Service Law 36CFR2.1 against disturbance of any kind without a permit. Aviation sites, for example, a vintage
2214:
1889:
1077:
2152:
2132:
386:
2027:
2022:
1210:
97:
Crash sites vary in size and content; some may have fuselages, engines, and thousands of parts and debris. Other sites, like in civilian/commercial crashes, the
1656:
2056:
2137:
2086:
1226:
1855:
1248:
2147:
1794:
2219:
2188:
1688:
1649:
2178:
1498:
1777:
350:
1804:
886:
1767:
1501:
from December 4, 2012, on the ongoing efforts to recover and preserve aircraft lost in Lake Michigan during carrier qualifications in World War II
622:
McCarthy, M., 2004. Historic aircraft wrecks as archaeological sites. Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 28: 81–90.
486:
489:(NOAA) has run survey expeditions to the site, creating photomosaics to track deterioration. The wreck site is listed on the National Register.
1809:
718:
2142:
688:
634:
120:
Keeping a record of a crash site, such as photographs, maps, journals, logs, and all terrain and weather recordings are essential, e.g., the
1782:
345:
In 1990, 1994, and 1998, archaeologists investigated, using airborne remote sensing studies and limited excavation, a vintage hangar of the
238:
Under the 'Sunken Military Craft Act’ (SMCA) of 2004, it is illegal to disturb, remove, or injure the wreck sites or associated contents of
1075:"Archaeological, Geophysical, and Remote Sensing Investigations of the 1910 Wright Brothers' Hangar, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio"
329:
Arlington Airfield: E/W runway looking west. Notice the large sections of asphalt and the vegetation changes along and on the runway, 2006
594:
1567:
2183:
2173:
1988:
1799:
1279:
e.g. Ford, J., 2006. WW Aviation Archaeology in Victoria Australia. Department of Maritime Archaeology. Flinders University. Adelaide.
2291:
920:
1029:
799:
421:
271:
The laws in the UK cover the remains of all aircraft which have crashed during military service (land or sea) are protected by the
1709:
1704:
748:
599:
279:
272:
948:
778:
658:
482:
263:
are held in perpetuity by the NTSB to educate the public and future investigators on the NTSB's role in transportation safety.
1074:
1008:
259:
owners' representation – most often the aircraft's insurance company. However, examples like the reconstructed wreckage of
2157:
1865:
1860:
1731:
428:
363:
339:
167:
102:
1608:
National Park Service's National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for evaluating and documenting historic aviation properties
826:
1814:
1624:
1535:
1204:
1189:
201:
1819:
1772:
1461:
913:"Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aviation Properties, National Register of Historic Places Bulletin"
247:
149:
clerk records, sheriff & coroner reports, and library records all aid an aviation archaeologist in their research.
1493:
1479:
1440:
1425:
1411:
1386:
1363:
1336:
Aviation Archaeology of World War II Gander: An Examination of Military and Civilian Life at the Newfoundland Airport
1314:
408:. Archaeological research includes these sites throughout the United States. Exploring and hiking around abandoned
1762:
1673:
574:
521:
466:
2306:
2122:
1234:
970:
98:
1162:
1256:
382:
162:
Legal protection of aircraft wreck sites is highly variable. In terms of protection by aircraft ownership, the
1101:
251:
474:
2296:
2102:
416:
or caretakers is imperative. Research and formal site investigations adds to the historical record of the
378:
359:
346:
1726:
1699:
875:
2092:
1132:
121:
1550:
520:
In America, aviation archaeologists, crosstrained in other areas of study, are found in the employ of
317:
Arlington Auxiliary Army Airfield: high view from the SW corner of the triangular runway looking WNW,
178:
of vintage aircraft wreck sites, unless human remains or weaponry remain unrecovered at the site. For
2097:
557:
175:
710:
1403:
The World's Worst Military Disasters: Chronicling the Greatest Battlefield Catastrophes of All Time
255:
archaeological or cultural information, storage, restoration, care, maintenance, and conservation.
232:
680:
631:
2301:
539:
440:
1516:
589:
370:
129:
1306:
1300:
1453:
Hidden Warbirds: The Epic Stories of Finding, Recovering, and Rebuilding WWII's Lost Aircraft
452:
228:
1641:
412:
and sites may constitute trespassing as well as being dangerous. Permission from current
335:
125:
8:
1736:
1607:
912:
650:
318:
325:
1375:
569:
374:
338:
to a local residential, commercial, and educational environment. Other bases, like the
313:
239:
20:
985:
740:
2235:
1716:
1489:
1475:
1457:
1436:
1421:
1407:
1382:
1359:
1310:
941:
770:
499:
243:
187:
183:
16:
Finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in aviation history
1721:
1694:
560:
also abandoned on the Greenland ice cap, but severely damaged by recovery efforts.
525:
179:
31:
1638:– Echoes of Thunder: Remembering the Lost Airmen and accident sites of Edwards AFB
1000:
2269:
2252:
1401:
1214:
1193:
1081:
1039:
974:
952:
806:
638:
579:
478:
456:
1353:
818:
354:
260:
171:
66:
1183:
2285:
1571:
448:
217:
204:
will determine whether or not an aviation site is eligible for the register.
192:
1302:
Hunting Warbirds - The Obsessive Quest for the Lost Aircraft of World War II
651:"Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Colorado: Northeastern Denver area"
451:
nuclear missiles. After it was shut down in 1974, it was turned over to the
963:
604:
534:
436:
409:
213:
79:
1595:
1584:
847:
National Historic Preservation Act 1966 Public Law 102-575 16 U.S.C. 470w
584:
503:
equipment and coordination. Conservation has often proved very difficult
71:
1433:
Fatal Army Air Forces Aviation Accidents in the United States, 1941–1945
112:
1484:
Veronico, Nicholas A., Ed Davies, Michael B. McComb, Donald B. McComb.
1155:"Minuteman Missile National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"
413:
397:
224:
1632:– The on-line community for aircraft crash and crash site information.
1612:
1334:
819:"Historic Preservation Policy Regarding US Navy Sunken Military Craft"
547:
543:
444:
209:
163:
135:
61:
1154:
278:
For the wreck-chasing hobbyist there is a self-regulating body, the
1589:
552:
432:
417:
1093:
212:
or facilities sites, testing or experimental sites, land or water
89:
1063:
405:
401:
1052:
196:
82:
1635:
1629:
1671:
1618:
1124:
1486:
Wreckchasing 2: Commercial Aircraft Crashes and Crash Sites
741:"Aviation Archaeology - Part Number Prefix By Manufacturer"
1555:
1377:
Military Aviation Disasters-Significant Losses Since 1908
1064:
Abandoned, Forgotten and Little Known Airfields in Europe
387:
San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission
145:
1519:– The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery
1585:
British Aviation Archaeological Council – official site
285:
170:, including terrestrial or submerged wreck sites. The
1472:
Wreckchasing: A Guide to Finding Aircraft Crash Sites
1449:
966:
U.S. Accident Preservation and Reporting Regulations
865:
California public resources code Section 5020-5029.5
492:
392:
2220:
Near-miss incidents in the United States since 2023
1474:; Pacific Aero Press, Castro Valley, Calif., 1993.
1430:
1381:. Patrick Stephens Limited, Haynes Publishing, UK.
1351:
856:
National Historic Landmarks Program 36CFR65 et seq.
771:"Aviation Archaeology - Aircraft Inspection Stamps"
532:which aids wreckage preservation. Examples include
1556:harvards.com Canadian Harvard Aircraft Association
1551:chaa-recovery.ca Canadian Underwater Recovery Team
1374:
353:of the National Park Service. The geophysical and
152:
62:History of aviation archaeology and current issues
1621:– aviation archaeology, before & after photos
351:Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park
2283:
542:that was successfully recovered from below the
487:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1615:– aircraft wrecks in Arizona and the Southwest
1657:
1298:
1031:Arlington Auxiliary Army Airfield Aerial View
711:"Crash Site of the B-17C near Tells Peak, CA"
1399:
296:potential and current archaeological sites:
116:Measure, photograph and log aircraft debris.
1488:; World Transport Press, Miami, Fla. 1996.
1435:. McFarland & Co. Inc., Jefferson, NC.
1372:
455:, and it open for to the public regularly.
1664:
1650:
1339:(PhD). Memorial University of Newfoundland
70:The remains of a Royal Canadian Air Force
1470:Veronico, Nicholas A., Ed Davies, et al.
1001:"British Aviation Archaeological Council"
460:
42:and has also been described variously as
467:B-29 "Superfortress" Serial No. 45-21847
422:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
324:
312:
134:
111:
88:
65:
1499:Pritzker Military Library Webcast Panel
910:
800:Sterling City, TX, B-36 Accident Report
600:Protection of Military Remains Act 1986
481:are located at around 1500 feet in the
447:missiles. In 1958, it was converted to
299:
280:British Aviation Archaeological Council
273:Protection of Military Remains Act 1986
2284:
1525:– coordinates for selected crash sites
1406:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books.
1184:Canadian Harvard Aircraft Association
1053:Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields
721:from the original on 27 September 2017
483:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
308:
1645:
595:List of aviation historical societies
1332:
1289:Australian Maritime Museum, No. 170.
1011:from the original on 24 January 2014
923:from the original on 10 October 2017
876:"National Park Service Law 36CFR2.1"
751:from the original on 15 October 2017
661:from the original on 22 October 2010
429:Golden Gate National Recreation Area
364:National Register of Historic Places
290:
166:retains indefinite ownership of all
103:National Transportation Safety Board
1135:from the original on 6 October 2017
1122:
1104:from the original on 17 August 2017
286:Types of aviation archaeology sites
202:State Historic Preservation Officer
13:
1539:Western Australian Maritime Museum
1326:
1165:from the original on 13 April 2018
911:Joeckel, Jeff (29 November 2001).
781:from the original on 15 March 2016
515:
342:reverted to farming and ranching.
248:Naval History and Heritage Command
14:
2318:
1505:
1456:. Zenith Press, Minneapolis, Mn.
892:from the original on 4 March 2016
829:from the original on 7 April 2010
691:from the original on 3 March 2016
493:Underwater surveying and recovery
393:Abandoned missile silos and sites
340:Arlington Auxiliary Army Airfield
266:
2292:Aviation accidents and incidents
1674:aviation accidents and incidents
575:Aviation accidents and incidents
522:Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command
157:
93:B-17 turbocharger, crash debris.
2065:Saudi led Intervention in Yemen
1574: (archived August 28, 2013)
1292:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1241:
1219:
1198:
1177:
1147:
1116:
1086:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1023:
993:
979:
957:
935:
904:
868:
859:
850:
841:
685:coloradowreckchasing.tripod.com
153:Protection laws and regulations
99:Federal Aviation Administration
2194:by number of ground fatalities
1872:controlled flight into terrain
1450:Veronico, Nicholas A. (2013).
1005:www.aviationarchaeology.org.uk
811:
793:
763:
733:
703:
673:
643:
625:
616:
404:launch sites abandoned by the
383:California Coastal Conservancy
1:
2268:indicates that the list is a
1625:US Army Nike site information
1358:. Check-Six. p. 2 vols.
944:The Sunken Military Craft Act
610:
443:. In 1954, it was armed with
252:Underwater Archaeology Branch
2158:Unrecovered flight recorders
1431:Mireles, Anthony J. (2005).
1352:Freeze, Christopher (2005).
1333:Daly, Lisa M. (April 2015).
1305:. Ballantine Books. p.
506:
379:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
360:Huffman Prairie Flying Field
347:Huffman Prairie Flying Field
48:underwater aircraft recovery
7:
1568:German Aviation Archaeology
775:www.aviationarchaeology.com
745:www.aviationarchaeology.com
563:
78:The activity dates to post-
74:crashed on 19 January 1946.
10:
2323:
1596:Peak District plane wrecks
1205:Western Australian Museum
1192:September 8, 2012, at the
805:February 26, 2007, at the
174:has no policies regarding
122:Glenwood Springs, Colorado
18:
2261:
2228:
2207:
2166:
2078:
1981:
1888:
1881:
1745:
1680:
1590:Thameside Aviation Museum
655:www.airfields-freeman.com
558:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
546:ice cap, and restored to
144:analysed. From detailed
2174:by aircraft misadventure
1355:The Wreck Chaser's Bible
637:January 6, 2007, at the
19:Not to be confused with
2242:Air crash investigators
2045:Libyan Civil War (2011)
1613:AircraftArchaeology.com
540:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
441:Nike Missile Site SF-88
420:. One such site is the
220:and navigational aids.
2307:Industrial archaeology
2189:at least 50 fatalities
2035:U.S war in Afghanistan
1592:– aviation archaeology
1299:Hoffman, Carl (2001).
590:Industrial archaeology
461:Underwater crash sites
371:Hamilton Army Airfield
330:
322:
140:
117:
94:
75:
1834:by location worldwide
1768:Aerolíneas Argentinas
1400:McNab, Chris (2005).
986:US Federal Registry:
632:Arizona Crash History
453:National Park Service
328:
316:
229:archaeological survey
138:
115:
92:
69:
40:aerospace archaeology
2248:Aviation archaeology
2199:in the United States
1373:Gero, David (1999).
526:The BentProp Project
431:is a decommissioned
336:Lowry Air Force Base
300:Aircraft crash sites
182:, including vintage
36:aircraft archaeology
27:Aviation archaeology
2297:History of aviation
2128:Commercial aviation
2058:Russo-Ukrainian War
1795:Deutsche Luft Hansa
1737:Wheel-well stowaway
1511:International sites
477:and its associated
473:The remains of the
369:Another example is
309:Abandoned airfields
132:, B-17 crash site.
1800:Ethiopian Airlines
1783:Cubana de Aviación
1732:Structural failure
1213:2012-03-19 at the
1186:Dive Recovery Team
1080:2016-01-13 at the
1042:, see image no. 11
1038:2011-10-06 at the
973:2010-05-27 at the
951:2010-04-07 at the
942:History.Navy.mil:
570:Aerial archaeology
375:Novato, California
331:
323:
141:
139:B-17 crash debris.
128:crash site or the
118:
95:
76:
21:Aerial archaeology
2279:
2278:
2236:Accident analysis
2184:of notable people
2074:
2073:
2015:Soviet Afghan War
1778:American Airlines
1717:Mid-air collision
1636:The X-Hunters.com
1129:www.siloworld.net
715:www.check-six.com
500:underwater survey
475:USS Macon Airship
362:is listed on the
358:actual hangar”.
291:Terrestrial sites
244:military aircraft
242:or any submerged
188:cultural heritage
184:military aircraft
2314:
2133:General aviation
2051:Syrian Civil War
1886:
1885:
1805:Garuda Indonesia
1695:Ground collision
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1630:Wreckchasing.com
1467:
1446:
1417:
1392:
1380:
1369:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1321:
1320:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1259:on July 4, 2011.
1255:. Archived from
1245:
1239:
1238:
1237:on July 4, 2011.
1233:. Archived from
1223:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
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1537:Broken Wings
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1376:
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1207:Broken Wings
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2148:Spaceflight
2138:Helicopters
2087:by aircraft
1989:Vietnam War
1982:By conflict
1159:www.nps.gov
1125:"SiloWorld"
585:Crash cover
414:land owners
225:State lands
176:disturbance
72:DC-3 Dakota
2286:Categories
2107:Air shows
2103:Ballooning
1820:Korean Air
1773:Air France
1753:by airline
1746:Commercial
1517:TIGHAR.org
1396:Australia.
1270:Australia.
611:References
398:California
385:, and the
240:U.S. Naval
233:excavation
56:wreckology
2023:Argentine
1968:2010–2019
1963:2000–2009
1958:1990–1999
1953:1980–1989
1948:1975–1979
1943:1970–1974
1938:1960–1969
1933:1955-1959
1928:1950–1954
1923:1945–1949
1918:1943–1944
1913:1940–1942
1908:1935–1939
1903:1925–1934
1861:shootdown
1727:Shootdown
1700:Hijacking
1672:Lists of
1530:Australia
1123:SiloMan.
548:airworthy
544:Greenland
507:Australia
445:Nike Ajax
210:airfields
164:U.S. Navy
2208:Location
2098:Airships
2093:Air rage
2040:Iraq War
1898:Pre-1925
1882:Military
1763:Aeroflot
1602:US sites
1579:UK sites
1249:"Broome"
1211:Archived
1190:Archived
1169:25 April
1163:Archived
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1133:Archived
1108:25 April
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803:Archived
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779:Archived
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695:25 April
689:Archived
665:25 April
659:Archived
635:Archived
564:See also
553:Kee Bird
433:Cold War
418:Cold War
101:and the
2266:Italics
2028:British
1890:By year
1866:bombing
1851:by year
1681:By type
1562:Germany
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1017:2018
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727:2018
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667:2018
556:, a
538:, a
435:era
400:has
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2002:RAF
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