766:
29:
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570:
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596:, particularly in the decision to conduct a vent and burn of toxic chemicals, which was deemed unnecessary and based on misleading information provided by the railway. The report also criticized Norfolk Southern's obstruction during the investigation, noting delays in providing critical information and attempts to influence the investigation's outcome. The NTSB's findings have led to new safety recommendations aimed at preventing similar incidents in the future, including better communication protocols and more stringent oversight of emergency response procedures.
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741:, in 1996. While the NTSB relied on Boeing's sharing of expertise, it was later determined that Boeing had withheld a study of military versions of the 747 that investigated flammable vapor combustion in the center fuel tank. Boeing had told the NTSB that it had no studies proving or disproving the vapor combustion theory. In response to political pressure after the Boeing incident, the NTSB commissioned the nonprofit
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3164:
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3322:
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978:
290:, which among other things, established the Federal Aviation Administration as an agency under the DOT. At the same time, the NTSB was established as an independent agency which absorbed the Bureau of Aviation Safety's responsibilities. However, from 1967 to 1975, the NTSB reported to the DOT for administrative purposes, while conducting investigations into the Federal Aviation Administration, also a DOT agency.
232:
326:". Based on the results of investigations within its jurisdiction, the NTSB issues formal safety recommendations to agencies and institutions with the power to implement those recommendations. The NTSB considers safety recommendations to be its primary tool for preventing future civil transportation accidents. However, the NTSB does not have the authority to enforce its safety recommendations.
585:
public hearings on the issue following the investigation. Ultimately, it will publish a final report which may include safety recommendations based on its findings. The NTSB has no legal authority to implement or impose its recommendations. Its recommendations are often implemented by regulators at the federal or state level or by individual transportation companies.
725:
become parties to the investigation and participate under the supervision of the NTSB. The NTSB has discretion over which organizations it allows to participate. Only individuals with relevant technical expertise can represent an organization in an investigation, and attorneys and insurance investigators are prohibited by law from participating.
749:
cannot be obtained elsewhere". However, Rand also found conflicts of interest inherent in the party system, "may, in some instances, threaten the integrity of the NTSB investigative process". The Rand study recommended that the NTSB reduce its reliance on party representatives and make greater use of independent investigators, including from
938:
towards using 3D scans to reconstruct accidents. Under an agreement made with the victims' families, when the reconstruction was retained as a training tool, the reconstruction was not allowed to be used as a public exhibit or put on display. For this reason, the NTSB is planning to dismantle and destroy the reconstruction.
918:, where it conducts courses for its employees and professionals in other government agencies, foreign governments or private companies, in areas such as general accident investigation, specific elements of investigations like survival factors or human performance, or related matters like family affairs or
619:
The NTSB has the authority to investigate all highway accidents and incidents, including incidents at railway grade crossings, "in cooperation with a State". The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over railway accidents and incidents which result in death or significant property damage, or which involve a
776:
As of 2014, the NTSB has issued about 14,000 safety recommendations in its history, 73 percent of which have been adopted in whole or in part by the entities to which they were directed. Starting in 1990, the NTSB annually published a "Most Wanted List", which highlights safety recommendations that
748:
In 2000, Rand published its report, which concluded that the party system is "a key component of the NTSB investigative process" and that participant parties "are uniquely able to provide essential information about aircraft design and manufacture, airline operations, or functioning of that simply
313:
for five-year terms. Board members may continue to serve until a successor is confirmed and takes office. No more than three of the five members may be from the same political party. One of the five board members is nominated as the Chair by the
President and then approved by the Senate for a fixed
612:
The NTSB has primary authority to investigate every civil aviation accident in the United States; the agency is also authorized to conduct investigations involving both civilian and military aircraft "with the participation of appropriate military authorities". Aviation includes certain commercial
937:
On
February 22, 2021, the NTSB announced that the TWA Flight 800 recreation would be decommissioned on July 7, 2021. This decision comes as the lease for the Ashburn training center expires shortly. The NTSB indicated it is moving away from large-scale reconstructions like with TWA Flight 800 and
599:
The NTSB concluded that poor bridge resource management and a charting error led to the collision between the dry bulk carrier Ocean
Princess and the SP-83A oil and gas production platform in the Gulf of Mexico on January 7, 2021. The incident occurred because the platform was not visible on the
724:
To conduct its investigations, the NTSB operates under the "party system", which utilizes the support and participation of industry and labor representatives with expertise or technical knowledge specifically useful to its investigation. The NTSB may invite these individuals or organizations to
584:
typically starts with the creation of a "go team", composed of specialists in fields relating to the incident who are rapidly deployed to the incident location. The "go team" can have as few as three people or as many as a dozen, depending on the nature of the incident. The agency may then hold
728:
The NTSB considers the party system crucial to the investigative process, as it provides the NTSB with access to individuals with specialized expertise or knowledge relevant to a particular investigation. However, the use of the party system is not without controversy. The NTSB invited
654:. The NTSB may still provide technical support to the FBI in such investigations. In two high-profile examples, the NTSB sent aviation accident investigators with knowledge of aircraft structures and flight recorders to assist the FBI's criminal investigation into the murder-suicide of
710:
The NTSB may assist in incident or accident investigations outside the United States under certain circumstances. These may include accidents or incidents involving
American-registered or American-owned civil aircraft or aircraft with U.S.-manufactured components in foreign
318:
to investigate civil aviation, highway, marine, pipeline, and railroad accidents and incidents. This five-member board is authorized to establish and manage separate sub-offices for highway, marine, aviation, railroad, pipeline, and hazardous materials investigations.
3828:
777:
the NTSB believes would provide the most significant — and sometimes immediate — benefit to the traveling public. The list was discontinued in 2023 such that "the NTSB can more nimbly advocate for recommendations and emerging safety issues”.
2103:
600:
vessel's electronic chart display, although it was present on the paper chart used by the mate on watch. The NTSB highlighted the importance of effective bridge management and the dangers of over-reliance on electronic navigation tools.
1754:
1073:
5072:
3278:
314:
three-year term; another is designated as vice-chair for a fixed three-year term and who becomes acting chair when there is no formal chair. This board is authorized by
Congress under Chapter 11, Title 49 of the
897:. The NTSB employs administrative law judges who initially hear all appeals, and the administrative law judge's ruling may be appealed to the five-member Board. The Board's determinations may be appealed to the
640:
The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over pipeline incidents (often the result of third-party excavation damage) which involve "a fatality, substantial property damage, or significant injury to the environment".
613:
space accidents. For certain accidents, due to resource limitations, the Board will ask the FAA to collect the factual information at the scene of the accident; the NTSB bases its report on that information.
2093:
5264:
4510:
2241:
2192:
Records
Management Oversight Inspection Report 2014; National Transportation Safety Board Records Management Program; National Archives and Records Administration; Issued December 19, 2014
1660:
1729:
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322:
Since its creation, the NTSB's primary mission has been "to determine the probable cause of transportation accidents and incidents and to formulate safety recommendations to improve
1634:
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2294:
335:
309:
Formally, the "National
Transportation Safety Board" refers to a five-manager investigative board whose five members are nominated by the President and confirmed by the
3971:
3265:
907:, the NTSB's determinations are not overturned by the federal courts unless the NTSB abused its discretion or its determination is wholly unsupported by the evidence.
5084:
3374:
2229:
1942:
757:, government research laboratories, and universities. As of 2014, the NTSB has not adopted these recommendations and instead continues to rely on the party system.
4031:
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260:
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The NTSB is the lead agency in investigating a civil transportation accident or incident within its sphere. An investigation of a major accident within the
5024:
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3589:
3302:
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3120:
168:
4964:
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4402:
2318:
1907:
1016:
530:
427:
4390:
4007:
3912:
715:. Officially, NTSB employees are prohibited from releasing information about "another country's investigation", although this has happened in the past.
5012:
4857:
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479:
1491:
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792:
2052:
1417:
U.S. Senate. Select
Committee on Government Organization. A Resolution Disapproving Reorganization Plan Numbered IV, Hearings. May 9–10, 1940.
5254:
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669:
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2126:
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1294:
1258:
1516:
Fielding, Eric; Lo, Andrew W.; Yang, Jian Helen (2011). "The
National Transportation Safety Board: A Model for Systemic Risk Management".
901:
by the losing party, whether it is the individual or company, on the one hand, or the FAA or the Coast Guard, on the other. However, from
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1839:
1085:
1079:
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1348:
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323:
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1972:
2881:
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2641:
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1109:
1097:
694:
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1571:
1021:
139:
5269:
3661:
3553:
2605:
2486:
770:
655:
589:
301:. As of 2015, the NTSB has investigated over 140,000 aviation incidents and several thousand surface transportation incidents.
1434:
259:) independence was questioned as it was investigating itself and would be biased to find external faults, coalescing with the
5155:
4687:
4593:
3481:
3036:
2845:
2833:
2020:
1789:
1091:
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294:
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1932:
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1553:
1456:
Fidell, Eugene R. (Winter 1980). "Improving
Competence in the Merchant Marine: Suspension and Revocation Proceedings".
1227:
1061:
1055:
1049:
893:, certificated aviation-related companies, and mariners who have their licenses suspended or revoked by the FAA or the
574:
2079:
1379:
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declares the case to be linked to a criminal act, the NTSB must relinquish control of the investigation to the
647:
1896:
668:
In addition to assisting the Department of Justice in criminal investigations, the NTSB has also assisted the
4916:
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3000:
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2929:
2905:
2869:
2809:
2689:
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690:
592:, in February 2023. The NTSB's report, unanimously adopted by its board, highlighted significant failures by
4988:
4845:
4821:
4414:
4259:
3764:
3132:
2988:
2677:
1127:
898:
2173:
1661:"NTSB determines 2021 carrier strike of oil production platform fault of poor bridge management, charting"
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4271:
631:
4106:
2207:
279:
was established in 1938: it lasted only fourteen months. In 1940, this authority was transferred to the
1001:
807:
698:
562:
2191:
1484:
1251:
646:
The NTSB has primary jurisdiction over civil transportation investigations, not criminal ones. If the
4702:
2204:. International Society of Air Safety Investigators, ISASI '98, Barcelona, Spain; October 20, 1998.
2048:
4786:
3895:
3740:
1011:
593:
256:
252:
1700:
1164:"We Are All Safer: Lessons Learned and Lives Saved 1975–2005. 3rd ed. Safety Report NTSB/SR-05/01"
1163:
2134:
1994:
1607:
1290:
889:
A less well-known responsibility of the NTSB is that it serves as a court of appeals for airmen,
280:
192:
58:
1635:"Norfolk Southern Blasted by Government: East Palestine Reeling from Crisis Management Failures"
626:
For marine investigations, jurisdiction into investigations is divided between the NTSB and the
3464:
1195:
830:
172:
630:. The division of investigative jurisdiction and responsibilities is prescribed in a detailed
4904:
4330:
3692:
2094:"Statement at the Opening of the NTSB Investigative Hearing Into the Crash of TWA Flight 800"
969:
780:
Among transportation safety improvements brought about or inspired by NTSB recommendations:
569:
2912:
1964:
955:
922:. The facility houses for training purposes the reconstruction of more than 90 feet of the
834:
659:
310:
105:
689:
in investigating military incidents within the realm of the NTSB's expertise, such as the
8:
4995:
4421:
3728:
3428:
3151:
1006:
674:
507:
has nominated the following to fill a seat on the board. They await Senate confirmation.
220:
200:
1321:
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2168:
1842:
1529:
315:
298:
272:
188:
1568:
1897:"Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Aviation Accident Investigations"
1533:
911:
890:
588:
The NTSB played a critical role in the investigation of the Norfolk Southern Railway
216:
208:
196:
82:
4014:
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3835:
2186:
1903:
1782:
1521:
903:
861:
Excavation damage prevention, pipe corrosion protection, and remote shutoff valves.
742:
627:
360:
247:
responsibility for investigating domestic aviation accidents. Before the NTSB, the
240:
212:
204:
119:
86:
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2177:
1758:
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991:
983:
919:
796:
5115:
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927:
923:
882:
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223:. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.
184:
2201:
1188:
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to conduct an independent study of the NTSB's aircraft investigation process.
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5162:
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2133:. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Transportation. Archived from
686:
581:
71:
4781:
4183:
2900:
2816:
2481:
1728:(Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. September 13, 2001.
963:
268:
264:
180:
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2301:
2237:
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894:
850:
453:
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3211:
3187:
3175:
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2588:
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878:
738:
2457:
1933:"Unchecked carnage: NTSB probes are skimpy for small-aircraft crashes"
557:
5197:
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4230:
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2612:
1995:"NTSB Retires Most Wanted List of Transportation Safety Improvements"
1937:
1074:
Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
931:
712:
701:
504:
16:
US government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
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3990:
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3309:
3273:
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2732:
2517:
2337:
2277:
1249:
1196:"NTSB Media Brief - Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 (Jan 8) livestream"
1116:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
915:
838:
231:
203:
releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in
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to participate as a party to the investigation of the crash of
730:
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2385:
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1766:
1349:"Opinion: When A Near-Accident Requires Deeper Investigation"
5265:
Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents
4062:
3859:
3847:
3512:
2648:
2409:
2127:"NTSB's TWA Flight 800 Reconstruction to be Decommissioned"
2098:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
750:
336:
List of members of the National Transportation Safety Board
2021:"NTSB's 'Most Wanted' List Of Safety Issues To Be Retired"
1726:"NTSB Providing Technical Assistance to FBI Investigation"
1250:
Office of the Chief Records Officer (December 19, 2014).
541:
495:
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469:
464:
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438:
417:
412:
390:
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1807:
1068:
German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation
869:
Alcohol and drug testing in all modes of transportation.
833:, improved emergency exits for passenger rail cars, and
150:
2161:
552:
199:. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of
1285:
1283:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
719:
4137:
Maritime accident and incident investigation agencies
1322:"History of The National Transportation Safety Board"
1252:"Records Management Oversight Inspection Report 2014"
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
849:
Recreational boating safety, improved fire safety on
175:. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on
5280:
Independent agencies of the United States government
945:
527:
424:
1783:"What is the National Transportation Safety Board?"
1777:
1775:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1280:
1147:
1017:
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
603:
357:
286:In 1967, Congress created a separate cabinet-level
1236:
4734:Rail accident and incident investigation agencies
910:The Safety Board maintains a training academy in
822:, and improved school bus construction standards.
398:
5246:
2075:Ferguson v. National Transportation Safety Board
2067:
1834:
1832:
1772:
1468:
476:
297:, and on April 1, 1975, the NTSB became a fully
169:independent U.S. government investigative agency
1761:that led to 1985 JAL jet crash: ex-officials."
930:after it crashed on July 17, 1996, following a
793:airborne wind shear detection and alert systems
1891:
1889:
1887:
1549:
1547:
1545:
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1515:
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1423:
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1316:
1314:
1312:
697:that killed more than 30 Americans, including
450:
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2118:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1829:
1823:Aviation Safety: A Balanced Industry Approach
1340:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1044:Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)
1027:Work-related road safety in the United States
670:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1259:National Archives and Records Administration
853:, and lifesaving devices on fishing vessels.
1884:
1540:
1420:
1309:
1086:Transport Accident Investigation Commission
1080:Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo
293:To avoid any conflict, Congress passed the
283:'s newly formed Bureau of Aviation Safety.
4725:
4711:
4129:
4115:
2230:
2216:
1848:
1210:
1032:Transportation safety in the United States
873:
760:
672:(NASA) in its investigations of both the
207:It has four regional offices, located in
2051:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1788:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1610:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1490:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1324:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1293:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1169:. National Transportation Safety Board.
1110:Swedish Accident Investigation Authority
1098:National Transportation Safety Committee
877:
787:Mid-air collision avoidance technology,
764:
568:
556:
329:
230:
5295:1967 establishments in Washington, D.C.
5290:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
5275:Government agencies established in 1967
2043:
2041:
1752:"U.S. leaked crucial Boeing repair flaw
1562:
1022:Vehicle inspection in the United States
140:Federal government of the United States
5247:
2125:National Transportation Safety Board.
2055:from the original on December 22, 2015
2018:
1859:
1821:Michael Ferguson; Sean Nelson (2012).
1732:from the original on December 22, 2015
1497:from the original on September 5, 2015
1455:
1377:
1359:from the original on November 14, 2018
1297:from the original on December 22, 2015
1198:. National Transportation Safety Board
885:wreckage, as reconstructed by the NTSB
771:Boeing 787 Dreamliner battery problems
656:Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771
5231:
5184:
5137:
4886:
4803:
4744:
4706:
4669:
4622:
4575:
4312:
4205:
4146:
4110:
3929:
3786:
3403:
2946:
2551:
2252:
2211:
2049:"Office of Administrative Law Judges"
1913:from the original on October 21, 2014
1658:
1632:
1518:Journal of Investment Risk Management
1437:from the original on January 20, 2017
1092:Transportation Safety Board of Canada
691:crash of an Air Force transport plane
665:Assistance to other domestic agencies
643:Assistance to criminal investigations
171:responsible for civil transportation
5255:National Transportation Safety Board
2183:National Transportation Safety Board
2174:National Transportation Safety Board
2091:
2038:
1860:Alvear, Michael (December 6, 1996).
1380:"ALPA at 90: Accident Investigation"
1353:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1134:Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia
1122:Accident Investigation Board Denmark
1104:Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau
795:, smoke detectors in lavatories and
553:Accident and incident investigations
245:United States Department of Commerce
161:National Transportation Safety Board
22:National Transportation Safety Board
1614:from the original on March 17, 2022
1433:. Federal Aviation Administration.
1347:William Tuccio (November 8, 2018).
1268:from the original on March 15, 2015
573:NTSB investigators on-scene at the
13:
2106:from the original on June 28, 2017
2019:Phelps, Mark (December 14, 2023).
1378:Freeze, Christopher (March 2021).
1176:from the original on March 5, 2016
1062:Taiwan Transportation Safety Board
1056:Air Accidents Investigation Branch
1050:Australian Transport Safety Bureau
1037:
590:derailment in East Palestine, Ohio
575:2015 Philadelphia train derailment
324:transportation safety (in the USA)
239:The origin of the NTSB was in the
14:
5306:
5232:
5138:
4670:
4576:
3930:
3404:
2153:
1975:from the original on June 6, 2022
1872:from the original on June 2, 2016
1795:from the original on May 13, 2016
1390:from the original on May 20, 2023
1328:from the original on May 12, 2016
707:Assistance to foreign governments
5208:
5196:
5161:
5149:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5078:
5066:
5054:
5042:
5030:
5018:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4934:
4922:
4910:
4898:
4863:
4851:
4839:
4827:
4815:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4681:
4646:
4634:
4599:
4587:
4552:
4540:
4528:
4516:
4504:
4492:
4480:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3763:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3547:
3535:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3427:
3415:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3259:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
1945:from the original on May 5, 2016
1485:"Annual Report to Congress 2014"
976:
962:
948:
789:ground proximity warning systems
604:Jurisdiction over investigations
177:aviation accidents and incidents
27:
2085:
2012:
1987:
1957:
1925:
1825:. Cengage Learning. p. 37.
1744:
1718:
1693:
1678:
1652:
1626:
1600:
1581:
1509:
1449:
1411:
997:Federal Bureau of Investigation
926:, which was recovered from the
816:center high-mounted stop lights
685:. The NTSB can also assist the
652:Federal Bureau of Investigation
304:
249:Federal Aviation Administration
5285:Transport safety organizations
2239:Aviation accident and incident
2092:Hall, Jim (December 8, 1997).
1659:Carey, Liz (August 25, 2022).
1402:
1371:
561:NTSB "go team" members at the
1:
5270:Aviation in the United States
1408:Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938
1140:
275:The US's first "independent"
1633:Riley, Kim (June 26, 2024).
1431:"A Brief History of the FAA"
1128:Japan Transport Safety Board
839:hazardous material rail cars
769:NTSB hearing in 2013 on the
295:Independent Safety Board Act
288:Department of Transportation
243:of 1926, which assigned the
7:
5260:Rail accident investigators
5185:
4623:
3787:
1701:"Office of Aviation Safety"
1608:"The Investigative Process"
941:
820:commercial drivers licenses
814:, smart airbag technology,
660:September 11, 2001, attacks
632:Memorandum of Understanding
10:
5311:
4887:
4745:
4313:
4147:
2947:
2253:
1965:"Most Wanted List Archive"
1118:- European Union (ENCASIA)
1002:List of pipeline accidents
563:Asiana Airlines Flight 214
333:
226:
5227:
5191:
5180:
5144:
5133:
4893:
4882:
4810:
4799:
4751:
4740:
4676:
4665:
4629:
4618:
4582:
4571:
4319:
4308:
4212:
4201:
4153:
4142:
3936:
3925:
3793:
3782:
3410:
3399:
2953:
2942:
2558:
2547:
2259:
2248:
2082: (9th Cir. 1982).
1757:February 2, 2017, at the
924:TWA Flight 800 Boeing 747
808:Graduated drivers license
720:Use of the "party system"
634:between the two agencies.
475:
449:
423:
397:
356:
342:
263:killing Notre Dame coach
251:'s (FAA; at the time the
185:ship and marine accidents
145:
135:
112:
100:
92:
77:
67:
51:
43:
38:
26:
4804:
4206:
2552:
1862:"Crash course in ethics"
810:laws for young drivers,
273:Senator Bronson Cutting.
257:Civil Aviation Authority
33:Official seal and emblem
1578:Retrieved June 18, 2014
1058:– United Kingdom (AAIB)
683:Space Shuttle disasters
281:Civil Aeronautics Board
59:Civil Aeronautics Board
2242:investigation agencies
2202:Investigating "Causes"
1291:"NTSB Training Center"
886:
874:Other responsibilities
831:Positive train control
773:
761:Safety recommendations
616:Surface Transportation
577:
566:
236:
173:accident investigation
2169:NTSB Most Wanted List
1750:Horikoshi, Toyohiro.
1574:June 3, 2020, at the
970:Transportation portal
881:
835:double-shelf couplers
768:
755:Department of Defense
662:fourteen years later.
572:
560:
330:Current board members
234:
2137:on February 22, 2021
2080:678 F.2d 821
1769:. (August 11, 2015).
1665:Transportation Today
1639:Transportation Today
1526:10.2139/ssrn.1695781
1088:– New Zealand (TAIC)
956:United States portal
899:federal court system
812:age-21 drinking laws
1906:. January 1, 2000.
1458:Missouri Law Review
1007:Operation Lifesaver
221:Seattle, Washington
201:hazardous materials
179:, certain types of
23:
1100:– Indonesia (NTSC)
1052:– Australia (ATSB)
891:aircraft mechanics
887:
797:fuel tank inerting
774:
699:Commerce Secretary
578:
567:
316:United States Code
299:independent agency
237:
197:railroad accidents
189:pipeline incidents
108:106 million (2013)
21:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5223:
5222:
5176:
5175:
5129:
5128:
4878:
4877:
4795:
4794:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4661:
4660:
4614:
4613:
4567:
4566:
4304:
4303:
4197:
4196:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
3921:
3920:
3778:
3777:
3395:
3394:
2938:
2937:
2543:
2542:
1941:. June 12, 2014.
1569:The Board at NTSB
1520:. First Quarter.
1136:- Malaysia (CAAM)
1012:School bus safety
658:in 1987, and the
550:
549:
542:December 31, 2028
531:Thomas B. Chapman
501:
500:
496:December 31, 2027
470:December 31, 2026
444:December 31, 2023
428:Thomas B. Chapman
418:December 31, 2025
391:December 31, 2029
235:NTSB headquarters
217:Ashburn, Virginia
209:Anchorage, Alaska
157:
156:
113:Agency executives
83:L'Enfant Plaza SW
5302:
5229:
5228:
5213:
5212:
5201:
5200:
5182:
5181:
5166:
5165:
5154:
5153:
5135:
5134:
5119:
5118:
5107:
5106:
5095:
5094:
5083:
5082:
5071:
5070:
5059:
5058:
5047:
5046:
5035:
5034:
5023:
5022:
5011:
5010:
4999:
4998:
4987:
4986:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4962:
4951:
4950:
4939:
4938:
4927:
4926:
4915:
4914:
4903:
4902:
4884:
4883:
4868:
4867:
4856:
4855:
4844:
4843:
4832:
4831:
4820:
4819:
4801:
4800:
4785:
4784:
4773:
4772:
4761:
4760:
4742:
4741:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4686:
4685:
4667:
4666:
4651:
4650:
4639:
4638:
4620:
4619:
4604:
4603:
4592:
4591:
4573:
4572:
4557:
4556:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4532:
4521:
4520:
4509:
4508:
4497:
4496:
4485:
4484:
4473:
4472:
4461:
4460:
4449:
4448:
4437:
4436:
4425:
4424:
4413:
4412:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4388:
4377:
4376:
4365:
4364:
4353:
4352:
4341:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4310:
4309:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4245:
4234:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4203:
4202:
4187:
4186:
4175:
4174:
4163:
4162:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4042:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4006:
4005:
3994:
3993:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3958:
3957:
3946:
3945:
3927:
3926:
3911:
3910:
3899:
3898:
3887:
3886:
3875:
3874:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3827:
3826:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3802:
3784:
3783:
3768:
3767:
3756:
3755:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3720:
3719:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3683:
3672:
3671:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3623:
3612:
3611:
3600:
3599:
3588:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3515:
3504:
3503:
3492:
3491:
3480:
3479:
3468:
3467:
3456:
3455:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3431:
3420:
3419:
3401:
3400:
3385:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3349:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3313:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3277:
3276:
3268:(state/military)
3264:
3263:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3118:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3034:
3023:
3022:
3011:
3010:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2963:
2962:
2944:
2943:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2891:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2807:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2760:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2687:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2663:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2615:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2549:
2548:
2533:
2532:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2413:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2377:
2376:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2293:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2250:
2249:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2187:Federal Register
2165:
2164:
2162:Official website
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1904:RAND Corporation
1901:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1770:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1585:
1579:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1256:
1247:
1234:
1225:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1124:- Denmark (HCLJ)
1106:– Nigeria (NSIB)
986:
981:
980:
979:
972:
967:
966:
958:
953:
952:
951:
904:Ferguson v. NTSB
743:Rand Corporation
648:Attorney General
628:U.S. Coast Guard
620:passenger train.
594:Norfolk Southern
543:
535:
534:
533:
510:
509:
497:
492:
484:
483:
482:
471:
466:
458:
457:
456:
445:
440:
432:
431:
430:
419:
414:
406:
405:
404:
392:
387:
381:
376:
368:
365:
364:
363:
361:Jennifer Homendy
340:
339:
277:Air Safety Board
241:Air Commerce Act
213:Denver, Colorado
205:Washington, D.C.
153:
120:Jennifer Homendy
87:Washington, D.C.
52:Preceding agency
31:
24:
20:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5234:
5219:
5207:
5195:
5187:
5172:
5160:
5148:
5140:
5125:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5053:
5041:
5029:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4957:
4945:
4933:
4921:
4909:
4897:
4889:
4874:
4862:
4850:
4838:
4826:
4814:
4806:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4747:
4736:
4731:
4701:
4692:
4680:
4672:
4657:
4645:
4633:
4625:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4578:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4315:
4300:
4288:
4276:
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1130:- Japan (JTSB)
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1112:- Sweden (SHK)
1107:
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1094:– Canada (TSB)
1089:
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1082:– Italy (ANSV)
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883:TWA Flight 800
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2015:
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1996:
1990:
1974:
1970:
1966:
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1944:
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1898:
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798:
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752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
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726:
714:
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696:
692:
688:
687:U.S. military
684:
682:
677:
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582:United States
576:
571:
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537:
532:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:
508:
506:
494:
489:
486:
481:
480:J. Todd Inman
474:
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463:
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437:
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396:
384:
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370:
362:
355:
352:Term expires
351:
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317:
312:
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296:
291:
289:
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233:
224:
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206:
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198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
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166:
162:
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148:
144:
141:
138:
136:Parent agency
134:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:Annual budget
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
72:United States
70:
66:
60:
57:
56:
54:
50:
47:April 1, 1967
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
19:
5167:
4605:
3900:
3864:
3804:
3769:
3757:
3685:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2130:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2097:
2087:
2074:
2069:
2059:December 21,
2057:. Retrieved
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1999:www.ntsb.gov
1998:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1969:www.ntsb.gov
1968:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1874:. Retrieved
1865:
1822:
1797:. Retrieved
1746:
1736:December 19,
1734:. Retrieved
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1705:www.ntsb.gov
1704:
1695:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1618:December 20,
1616:. Retrieved
1602:
1592:§§ 1101
1583:
1564:
1517:
1511:
1501:December 18,
1499:. Retrieved
1461:
1457:
1451:
1441:December 20,
1439:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1383:
1373:
1363:November 20,
1361:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1332:December 20,
1330:. Retrieved
1301:December 20,
1299:. Retrieved
1272:December 20,
1270:. Retrieved
1200:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:December 18,
1178:. Retrieved
936:
909:
902:
888:
851:cruise ships
779:
775:
747:
727:
723:
680:
673:
598:
587:
579:
519:Term expires
502:
393:(as member)
382:(as member)
349:Took office
321:
308:
305:Organization
292:
285:
276:
271:that killed
265:Knute Rockne
238:
164:
160:
158:
125:
122:, Chairwoman
78:Headquarters
68:Jurisdiction
18:
1840:49 CFR
1763:Japan Times
1689:§ 1132
1558:§ 1111
1232:§ 1131
1202:January 10,
934:explosion.
895:Coast Guard
866:Multi-Modal
487:Republican
461:Democratic
454:Alvin Brown
435:Democratic
409:Republican
371:Democratic
5249:Categories
2030:January 5,
2004:January 5,
1710:January 5,
1670:August 13,
1644:August 13,
1141:References
739:Boeing 747
695:Yugoslavia
693:in former
675:Challenger
565:crash site
538:Democratic
522:Replacing
503:President
388:(as chair)
377:(as chair)
269:1935 crash
261:1931 crash
96:437 (2024)
3829:DTC&I
2200:, Ira J.
1938:USA Today
1534:167346503
1070:– Germany
932:fuel tank
713:air space
702:Ron Brown
93:Employees
2131:ntsb.gov
2104:Archived
2053:Archived
1973:Archived
1943:Archived
1908:Archived
1870:Archived
1790:Archived
1755:Archived
1730:Archived
1612:Archived
1572:Archived
1492:Archived
1464:(a): 25.
1435:Archived
1388:Archived
1384:alpa.org
1357:Archived
1326:Archived
1295:Archived
1263:Archived
1171:Archived
1076:– France
942:See also
916:Virginia
858:Pipeline
784:Aviation
681:Columbia
678:and the
637:Pipeline
609:Aviation
267:and the
167:) is an
151:ntsb.gov
5186:Oceania
4763:CEAMAIF
4624:Oceania
3788:Oceania
3255:(civil)
2196:Rimson
2185:in the
2141:May 16,
2110:July 5,
1979:June 7,
1949:May 11,
1917:May 11,
1876:May 11,
1799:May 11,
1394:May 20,
912:Ashburn
804:Highway
367:(Chair)
227:History
146:Website
5073:GPIAAF
4965:BEA-TT
4888:Europe
4746:Africa
4688:MPPTAA
4379:BEAmer
4314:Europe
4272:MARINA
4236:MARDEP
4148:Africa
4092:DGPIAA
4080:OIPAIA
3972:CENIPA
3327:CIAIAC
3279:GPIAAF
3266:KBWLLP
3121:AAIASB
2948:Europe
2254:Africa
2078:,
1843:831.11
1687:
1590:
1556:
1532:
1230:
846:Marine
753:, the
731:Boeing
623:Marine
346:Party
311:Senate
219:; and
195:, and
126:Vacant
44:Formed
5025:TAIIB
4905:RAIIU
4858:ARAIB
4511:CIAIM
4499:PBKWM
4451:TAIIB
4439:MCICB
4403:HBMCI
4343:DMAIB
4331:FPSMT
4189:SAMSA
4056:DINAC
3996:UAEAC
3948:JIAAC
3734:TTCAA
3722:ECCAA
3710:ECCAA
3698:ECCAA
3566:ECCAA
3530:ECCAA
3434:ECCAA
3375:NBAAI
3253:SCAAI
3205:TAIIB
3025:AAIIB
2702:ARAIB
2511:SSCAA
2391:LYCAA
2355:BEIAA
2295:ANACM
2025:AVweb
1911:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1866:Salon
1793:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1767:Kyodo
1530:S2CID
1495:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
1255:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
516:Party
505:Biden
343:Name
5215:TAIC
5203:ATSB
5168:NTSB
5121:RAIB
5109:STSB
5085:CIAF
5061:AIBN
5013:ANSF
5001:RAIU
4941:ESIB
4917:RSIO
4870:TTSB
4846:JTSB
4834:NTSC
4805:Asia
4775:NSIB
4653:TAIC
4641:ATSB
4606:NTSB
4559:MAIB
4547:STSB
4523:AMIA
4487:AIBN
4427:MCIB
4355:ESIB
4296:TTSB
4284:KMST
4260:JTSB
4248:NTSC
4207:Asia
4177:NSIB
4068:CIAA
4044:GCAA
4020:AAIB
4008:DGAC
3984:DGAC
3960:DGAC
3901:NTSB
3889:TAIC
3865:NTSB
3853:CAAF
3817:ATSB
3805:NTSB
3770:NTSB
3758:NTSB
3746:AAIB
3686:NTSB
3662:INAC
3650:AAIB
3638:DGAC
3614:JCAA
3602:DGAC
3590:DGAC
3542:CIAA
3518:IACC
3506:DGAC
3494:AAIB
3470:AAIB
3458:AAIB
3446:BCAD
3422:AAIB
3387:AAIB
3363:DGCA
3351:STSB
3315:AMIA
3241:AIBN
3169:ANSV
3157:AAIU
3145:AAIB
3109:AAIB
3061:ESIB
3037:AAII
3013:AAIU
2918:GCAA
2894:DGCA
2882:AAIC
2858:TTSB
2834:TSIB
2822:GACA
2798:CAAP
2786:PCAA
2774:CAAN
2762:AAIB
2750:AICC
2726:AACM
2714:LCAA
2678:JTSB
2642:NTSC
2630:AAIB
2618:AAIA
2606:CAAC
2594:CAAB
2553:Asia
2535:DGAC
2523:TCAA
2451:NSIB
2439:DAAI
2415:ANAC
2379:KCAA
2367:GCAA
2343:ECAA
2319:BPEA
2307:ANAC
2283:CCAA
2271:DACM
2198:P.E.
2143:2021
2112:2017
2099:NTSB
2061:2015
2032:2024
2006:2024
1981:2022
1951:2016
1919:2016
1878:2016
1801:2016
1738:2015
1712:2024
1672:2024
1646:2024
1620:2015
1596:1155
1503:2015
1443:2015
1396:2023
1365:2018
1334:2015
1303:2015
1274:2015
1204:2024
1182:2015
837:for
827:Rail
751:NASA
737:, a
513:Name
165:NTSB
159:The
106:US$
104:>
81:490
5156:TSB
5097:SHK
5049:DSB
5037:AET
4989:TSB
4977:BEU
4953:SIA
4929:AIB
4822:CRS
4787:RSR
4594:TSB
4535:SHK
4475:DSB
4463:AET
4415:TSB
4391:BSU
4367:SIA
4224:MSA
4165:DMM
4032:BEA
3913:AIC
3877:BEA
3841:BEA
3674:AAC
3626:BEA
3578:BEA
3554:AAC
3482:TSB
3339:SHK
3303:CAD
3291:IAC
3229:DSB
3217:AET
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3181:IAC
3133:TSB
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3073:SIA
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2738:MOT
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2654:CAO
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