Federal government of the United States

3010: 2164: 2475: 2143: 2206: 239: 46: 3023:, known as the ability to vote, has changed significantly over time. In the early years of the United States, voting was considered a matter for state governments, and was commonly restricted to white men who owned land. Direct elections were mostly held only for the U.S. House of Representatives and state legislatures, although what specific bodies were elected by the electorate varied from state to state. Under this original system, both senators representing each state in the U.S. Senate were chosen by a majority vote of the state legislature. Since the ratification of the 2672: 2943: 306: 1618: 1776: 1736: 4820: 3140: 1990: 2394:. As originally drafted, there was no limit to the time a President could serve, however the Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, originally limits any president to serving two four-year terms (8 years); the amendment specifically "caps the service of a president at 10 years" by providing that "if a person succeeds to the office of president without election and serves less than two years, he may run for two full terms; otherwise, a person succeeding to office of president can serve no more than a single elected term." 2217: 2403: 2935: 311: 3414: 1455: 3428: 1467: 11786: 7066: 6550: 6539: 2456:, but has the power to adjourn Congress whenever the House and Senate cannot agree when to adjourn; no president has ever used this power. The president also has the constitutional power to, "on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them"; this power has been used "to consider nominations, war, and emergency legislation." This Section invests the President with the discretion to convene Congress on "extraordinary occasions"; this 2305:, and is the United States' chief diplomat, although the Congress also has an important role in legislating on foreign affairs, and can, for example, "institute a trade embargo, declare war upon a foreign government that the President had recognized, or decline to appropriate funds for an embassy in that country." The president may also negotiate and sign treaties, but ratifying treaties requires the consent of two-thirds of the Senate. 7078: 1683:. The interpretation and execution of these principles, including what powers the federal government should have and how those powers can be exercised, have been debated ever since the adoption of the Constitution. Some make a case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states, or other recognized entities. 2973:(GDP), equal to the 50-year average. The deficit equaled $ 779 billion, 3.8 percent of GDP. Tax revenue amounted to $ 3.33 trillion, with receipt categories including individual income taxes ($ 1,684B or 51%), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($ 1,171B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($ 205B or 6%). 1629:, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which the nation is a party. The terms "Government of the United States of America" or "United States Government" are often used in official documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. 2317:" while providing that "Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments." These appointments delegate "by legal authority a portion of the sovereign powers of the federal government." 3234:

individual states, but the two have continued to be recognized as separate bodies. Tribal governments vary in robustness, from a simple council used to manage all aspects of tribal affairs, to large and complex bureaucracies with several branches of government. Tribes are currently encouraged to form

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the bill by returning it to the chamber where it originated. If the president neither signs nor vetoes a bill "within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him" it becomes a law without the president's signature, "unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return

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Additionally, there are seven other members of the Cabinet who are appointed by the president. These are the White House Chief of Staff, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Director of the Office of Management & Budget, United States Trade Representative, U.S. Ambassador to the

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The United States Courts of Appeals are appellate courts that hear appeals of cases decided by the district courts, and some direct appeals from administrative agencies, and some interlocutory appeals. The U.S. Supreme Court hears appeals from the decisions of the courts of appeals or state supreme

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has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. The House of Representatives and Senate have separate roles in this process. The House must first vote to impeach the official. Then, a trial is held in the Senate to decide whether the official should be

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prohibits the federal government from exercising any power not delegated to it by the Constitution; as a result, states handle the majority of issues most relevant to individuals within their jurisdiction. Because state governments are not authorized to print currency, they generally have to raise

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in the same way as the president or other officials of the federal government. U.S. judges are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Another Constitutional provision prohibits Congress from reducing the pay of any present Article III judge. However, Congress is able to

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Congressional membership: each state is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in the House of Representatives. Each state is allocated two senators regardless of its population. As of November 2023, the District of Columbia

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Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution sets forth the creation of a presidential Cabinet. The role of the Cabinet is to advise the president and carry out the programs and laws of the federal government. The Cabinet is composed of the vice president and the leaders of 15 executive departments.

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to "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Legal scholars William P. Marshall and Saikrishna B. Prakash write of the Clause: "the President may neither breach federal law nor order their subordinates to do so, for defiance cannot be considered faithful execution. The

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Each state has its own written constitution, government and code of laws. The Constitution stipulates only that each state must have, "a Republican Government". Therefore, there are often great differences in law and procedure between individual states, concerning issues such as property, crime,

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succession event, the vice president would become acting president, assuming all of the powers and duties of president, except being designated as president. Accordingly, by circumstances, the Constitution designates the vice president as routinely in the legislative branch, or succeeding to the

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The power of the federal courts extends both to civil actions for damages and other redress, and to criminal cases arising under federal law. The interplay of the Supremacy Clause and Article III has resulted in a complex set of relationships between state and federal courts. Federal courts can

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and created federal courts for each district. The three tiered structure of this act established the basic structure of the national judiciary: the Supreme Court, 13 courts of appeals, 94 district courts, and two courts of special jurisdiction. Congress retains the power to re-organize or even

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to establish inferior courts as their need shall arise. Section I also establishes a lifetime tenure for all federal judges and states that their compensation may not be diminished during their time in office. Article II section II establishes that all federal judges are to be appointed by the

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Separate from, but not entirely independent of, this federal court system are the court systems of each state, each dealing with, in addition to federal law when not deemed preempted, a state's own laws, and having its own court rules and procedures. Although state governments and the federal

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In casual conversation or writing, the term "Federal Government" is often used, and the term "National Government" is sometimes used. The terms "Federal" and "National" in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government; for instance, the

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removed from federal jurisdiction cases in which citizens of one state were the plaintiffs and the government of another state was the defendant. It did not disturb federal jurisdiction in cases in which a state government is a plaintiff and a citizen of another state the defendant.

2528:. Because of circumstances, the overlapping nature of the duties and powers attributed to the office, the title of the office and other matters, such has generated a spirited scholarly dispute regarding attaching an exclusive branch designation to the office of vice president. 2807:

of foreign countries in the U.S.; cases and controversies to which the federal government is a party; controversies between states (or their citizens) and foreign nations (or their citizens or subjects); and bankruptcy cases (collectively "federal-question jurisdiction"). The

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to foreign countries. All legislative bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representatives. The approval of both chambers is required to pass all legislation, which then may only become law by being signed by the president (or, if the president

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In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population. There are currently 100 senators (2 from each of the 50 states), who each serve six-year terms. Approximately one-third of the Senate stands for election every two years.

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are by this doctrine the final authority on the interpretation of the applicable state's laws and Constitution. Many state constitution provisions are equal in breadth to those of the U.S. Constitution, but are considered "parallel" (thus, where, for example, the

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pursuant to a state constitution is broader than the federal right to privacy, and the asserted ground is explicitly held to be "independent", the question can be finally decided in a State Supreme Court—the U.S. Supreme Court will decline to take jurisdiction).

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The U.S. Constitution safeguards judicial independence by providing that federal judges shall hold office "during good behavior"; in practice, this usually means they serve until they die, retire, or resign. A judge who commits an offense while in office may be

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Those executive departments are the Departments of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security.

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has a number of electoral votes "equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State". A President may also be seated by

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The vice president is the second-highest official in rank of the federal government. The vice president's duties and powers are established in the legislative branch of the federal government under Article 1, Section 3, Clauses 4 and 5 as the

2710:, which include matters pertaining to the federal government, disputes between states, and interpretation of the United States Constitution, and, in general, can declare legislation or executive action made at any level of the government as 1975:, printing, taxation, and the economy. In addition, each house may name special, or select, committees to study specific problems. Today, much of the congressional workload is borne by the subcommittees, of which there are around 150. 1889:

of each chamber, in which case the bill becomes law without the president's signature). The powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution; all other powers are reserved to the states and the people.

3254:, which make laws that affect their particular area. These laws concern issues such as traffic, the sale of alcohol and the keeping of animals. A county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state, while 1690:, the powers of the federal government have generally expanded greatly, although there have been periods since that time of legislative branch dominance (e.g., the decades immediately following the Civil War) or when 3229:

governments subject to federal authority but, in some cases, outside of the jurisdiction of state governments. Hundreds of laws, executive orders and court cases have modified the governmental status of tribes

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The heads of the 15 departments are chosen by the president and approved with the "advice and consent" of the U.S. Senate. Once confirmed, these "Cabinet secretaries" serve at the pleasure of the president.

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provides that the president "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other

1848:, all members of the U.S. House must be elected and cannot be appointed. In the case of a vacancy, the seat must be filled through a special election, as required under Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. 2878:

bound by interpretation of federal law by the federal court of appeals for the federal circuit in which the state is included, or even the federal district courts located in the state, a result of the

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judiciary. As such, their judges do not have lifetime tenure, nor are they Constitutionally exempt from diminution of their remuneration. The Tax Court is an Article I Court, not an Article III Court.

2722:, which is the power to declare a law unconstitutional. There have been instances in the past where such declarations have been ignored by the other two branches. Below the U.S. Supreme Court are the 11040: 2301:, the president is empowered to "receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers"; the president has broad authority to conduct foreign relations, is generally considered to have the sole power of 10730: 7327: 6007: 2274:

Constitution also incorporates the English bars on dispensing or suspending the law, with some supposing that the Clause itself prohibits both." Many presidential actions are undertaken via

10548: 8047: 11055: 10485: 11005: 1897:, which grants Congress the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers". Members of the House and Senate are elected by 8539: 2821:, state courts can decide certain matters involving federal law, and a handful of federal claims are primarily reserved by federal statute to the state courts. Both court systems have 10586: 10853: 3314:. These municipal entities also vary from state to state, and typically subordinate to the government of a county or civil township. However, many rural and suburban regions are in 2776:, wherein a case brought in a state court meets the requirements for diversity jurisdiction, and one party litigant chooses to "remove" the case from state court to federal court. 1701:" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. For example, while the legislative branch ( 6439: 4219: 3326:. States may also create special-purpose districts that perform a single function or a set of related functions within an area inside one or more counties or municipalities, like 372: 10955: 2764:

The district courts are the trial courts wherein cases that are considered under the Judicial Code (Title 28, United States Code) consistent with the jurisdictional precepts of

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The Judiciary, under Article III of the Constitution, explains and applies the laws. This branch does this by hearing and eventually making decisions on various legal cases.

11672: 11687: 4043: 3239:). Tribal citizenship and voting rights are typically restricted to individuals of native descent, but tribes are free to set whatever citizenship requirements they wish. 2851:, the Supreme Court of the United States is in many cases the appellate court from the State Supreme Courts (e.g., absent the Court countenancing the applicability of the 2515:, the vice president's duties and powers move to the executive branch when becoming president upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president, which has happened 2118:

elects a non-voting representative to the House of Representatives along with American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

11025: 2013:; to coin money and regulate its value; provide for punishment for counterfeiting; establish post offices and roads, issue patents, create federal courts inferior to the 10558: 10442: 10242: 10174: 8129: 4279: 349: 338: 11010: 10428: 9821: 8134: 6000: 3590: 1963:

Article I, Section 2, paragraph 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives each chamber the power to "determine the rules of its proceedings". From this provision were created

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and individual rights, ensure executive compliance with the law, gather information for making laws and educating the public, and evaluate executive performance.

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division of power, the federal government shares sovereignty with each of the 50 states in their respective territories. U.S. law recognizes Indigenous tribes as

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having little or no power, existing only as geographic distinctions. In other areas, county governments have more power, such as to collect taxes and maintain

3044: 3032: 2233: 507: 2730:, which are the general trial courts for federal law, and for certain controversies between litigants who are not deemed citizens of the same state, known as 11828: 10393: 10373: 10357: 8595: 8162: 8052: 5993: 4252: 4180: 3040: 630: 609: 327: 10950: 10324: 9651: 7930: 4434: 4098: 3013: 2809: 2602: 2496: 2270: 1694:

proponents have succeeded in limiting federal power through legislative action, executive prerogative or by a constitutional interpretation by the courts.

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revenue through either taxes or bonds. As a result, state governments tend to impose severe budget cuts or raise taxes any time the economy is faltering.

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their own governments, with power resting in elected tribal councils, elected tribal chairpersons, or religiously appointed leaders (as is the case with

2500: 1971:(2023–2025) has 20 standing committees in the House and 19 in the Senate, plus 4 joint permanent committees with members from both houses overseeing the 1876:(including nominees to the Supreme Court), department secretaries (heads of federal executive branch departments), U.S. military and naval officers, and 3981: 11720: 11605: 11035: 10930: 10298: 10278: 10268: 8507: 8365: 2622: 3212:

system. In some states, supreme and lower court justices are elected by the people; in others, they are appointed, as they are in the federal system.

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any legislation—an act which, in turn, can be overridden by Congress. The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the

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in a state from where they were elected. Apportionment of seats among the 50 states is determined by state populations, and it is updated after each

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If a vacancy occurs, the state governor appoints a replacement to complete the term or to hold the office until a special election can take place.

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that have no municipal government below the county or civil township level. Certain cities have consolidated with their county government to form

11131: 10232: 10212: 10167: 8909: 8869: 7205: 4464: 3468: 2758: 2658: 2566:(EOP), which was created in 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The EOP is overseen by the White House Chief of Staff. The EOP includes the 2478: 1638: 592: 12322: 12292: 12197: 11616: 10222: 10217: 10141: 9814: 8717: 7635: 7122: 6173: 2132: 1056: 12076: 12023: 10985: 10227: 10207: 10202: 9526: 8931: 8167: 7374: 6444: 6434: 3402: 2618: 2545: 2512: 2246: 2128: 1984: 981: 502: 364: 11941: 11423: 10475: 8549: 8146: 7962: 7903: 7486: 7444: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 2200: 1347: 1188: 1081: 3070:: while residents of the District of Columbia are subject to federal laws and federal taxes, their only congressional representative is a 11136: 10935: 9673: 9516: 9411: 9156: 8894: 8014: 7925: 7667: 7652: 7534: 3267: 3160: 2541: 2504: 1591: 1491: 1203: 625: 183: 4206: 12317: 11845: 10671: 10197: 10160: 10131: 9499: 9014: 9009: 8999: 8372: 8101: 7349: 6543: 6454: 2210: 1428: 1423: 1286: 615: 4398: 2009:

The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress. Enumerated in Article I, Section 8, these include the powers to levy and collect

11905: 11742: 10910: 10880: 10666: 10631: 10611: 9807: 9668: 9611: 9504: 9333: 8775: 7278: 6586: 6509: 4974: 4694: 3488: 1433: 1069: 971: 422: 411: 12353: 12247: 10915: 9715: 9511: 9004: 8492: 8432: 7992: 7647: 7539: 7389: 6070: 5871: 3446: 2489:; this means that they are the designated presiding officer of the Senate. In that capacity, the vice president has the authority ( 1934: 1246: 1101: 2421:

of Article I, a bill that passes both chambers of Congress shall be presented to the president, who may sign the bill into law or

12297: 12017: 11956: 11936: 11737: 11126: 9621: 9594: 9553: 9548: 9521: 9451: 9338: 9134: 8941: 8529: 8353: 8251: 6803: 3697: 3376: 3222: 3130: 2699: 2634: 2595: 2571: 1666: 1606: 1237: 4040: 11805: 11713: 11216: 10885: 10763: 10105: 9830: 9722: 9431: 9114: 9019: 8849: 8797: 8758: 8325: 8320: 8174: 8111: 8064: 8042: 8007: 7662: 7518: 6449: 6390: 6060: 4577: 3787: 3126: 2646: 2591: 2430:). A presidential veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress; this occurs relatively infrequently. 1788: 1780: 1755: 1680: 1571: 1484: 1299: 1268: 1224: 1198: 1138: 1118: 1016: 1001: 644: 520: 319: 30: 10900: 4275: 11951: 11840: 11438: 10528: 10523: 10450: 9538: 9426: 9296: 9200: 9109: 9033: 8578: 8544: 7559: 7549: 7544: 7402: 7397: 7261: 7226: 4854: 4795: 3559: 3134: 2966:, beginning October 1 and ending on September 30 of the year following. The fiscal year refers to the year in which it ends. 2853: 2630: 1964: 1259: 1143: 990: 439: 12137: 11946: 11900: 11882: 11760: 11171: 10965: 9734: 9631: 9568: 9558: 9441: 9232: 9195: 9124: 8956: 8921: 8472: 8202: 7935: 7706: 7657: 7630: 7554: 7513: 6484: 6469: 3114: 2719: 2711: 2321: 1834: 1718: 1590:, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of 1548: 1360: 360: 208: 2987:

The United States federal government had about 2,260,000 civilian employees in FY2023, with about 160,000 of those in the

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concept. Conversely, a federal district court hearing a matter involving only a question of state law (usually through

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United Nations, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, and Administrator of the Small Business Administration.

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In addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one

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In order to be elected as a representative, an individual must be at least 25 years of age, must have been a

1163: 1148: 866: 271: 226: 3009: 2757:. The Bankruptcy Courts are supervised by the district courts, and, as such, are not considered part of the 12062: 11993: 11823: 11666: 11464: 10895: 10768: 10573: 10455: 10255: 10121: 10039: 10004: 9774: 9767: 9700: 9563: 9446: 9368: 9358: 9212: 9173: 9129: 9089: 9046: 8994: 8926: 8899: 8859: 8837: 8646: 8460: 8407: 8340: 8197: 8153: 8081: 8002: 7920: 7731: 7595: 7424: 7332: 7140: 6479: 6035: 5960: 5893: 5712: 5438: 3371: 3366: 3270:, respectively. The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states, with those in 3102: 2992: 2929: 2838:

set a lower salary for all future judges who take office after such a pay reduction is passed by Congress.

2727: 2626: 2606: 2579: 2537: 2446: 1968: 605: 497: 173: 2886:) must apply the substantive law of the state in which the court sits, a result of the application of the 12302: 11971: 11860: 11680: 11584: 11542: 11537: 10940: 10626: 10591: 10079: 9984: 9944: 9695: 9646: 9461: 9363: 9286: 9168: 9064: 8889: 8874: 8812: 8447: 8402: 8209: 8091: 7945: 6946: 6504: 6385: 6266: 6146: 5965: 5860: 4969: 4429: 3661: 3209: 3027:

in 1913, members of both houses of Congress have been directly elected. Today, U.S. citizens have almost

2754: 2614: 2050: 1952: 1948: 1894: 1873: 1438: 1252: 1036: 961: 906: 871: 4303:"The President as Agenda Setter-in-Chief: The Dynamics of Congressional and Presidential Agenda Setting" 4060: 2969:

For fiscal year (FY) 2018, the federal government spent $ 4.11 trillion. Spending equaled 20.3% of

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for future law and decisions. The United States Constitution does not specifically mention the power of

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The House and Senate each have particular exclusive powers. For example, the Senate must approve (give "

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There are three levels of federal courts with general jurisdiction, which are courts that handle both

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The president has informal powers beyond their formal powers. For example, the president has major

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It applies to cabinet departments, executive agencies, regulatory commissions, and the presidency.

1830: 976: 826: 741: 266: 12257: 4735:"A brief overview of state fiscal conditions and the effects of federal policies on state budgets" 2474: 1750:, under Article I of the Constitution, is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is 12262: 12177: 12152: 12043: 11850: 11141: 11089: 11015: 10843: 10720: 10715: 10651: 10621: 10563: 10084: 10049: 9954: 9929: 8785: 8521: 8279: 7246: 6667: 6256: 6196: 6121: 5413: 4938: 4588: 4215: 3451: 3311: 3307: 2916:

state law, which may be different). Together, the laws of the federal and state governments form

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In addition to the executive departments, a number of staff organizations are grouped into the

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by a majority in the House and removed from office by a two-thirds majority in the Senate for "

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The full name of the republic is the "United States of America". No other name appears in the

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executive branch as president, or possibly being in both as acting president pursuant to the

2205: 1994: 1922: 1810: 1642: 936: 886: 841: 831: 816: 806: 791: 771: 746: 736: 726: 583: 128: 2516: 2336:. The presidential clemency power extends only to federal crimes, and not to state crimes. 2142: 238: 45: 12182: 12172: 12117: 12112: 11656: 11211: 10925: 10920: 10875: 10848: 10798: 10543: 10024: 9979: 9919: 9894: 9849: 9788: 8916: 8790: 8681: 8059: 7491: 7471: 7419: 7369: 7310: 7241: 6798: 6316: 6251: 6161: 6151: 5453: 5114: 4395: 3419: 3217: 3063: 2988: 2773: 2769: 2386: 2042: 1906: 1845: 1759: 1524: 1459: 956: 931: 836: 776: 751: 721: 711: 381: 3920: 2908:

only extends to a requirement that a federal court asserting diversity jurisdiction apply

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Puerto Rico pays taxes. The US is obligated to help it just as much as Texas and Florida.

3315: 2942: 2858: 2391: 2309: 2046: 1972: 1775: 891: 846: 786: 761: 716: 3752: 3615:

Ford, Henry Jones (1908). "The Influence of State Politics in Expanding Federal Power".

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health and education, amongst others. The highest elected official of each state is the

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The institutions that are responsible for local government within states are typically

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powers to influence lawmaking and policymaking, and typically has a major role as the

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State governments have the greatest influence over most Americans' daily lives. The

11283: 11030: 10905: 10833: 10818: 10553: 10498: 10460: 10099: 9227: 9074: 8780: 8600: 7610: 7451: 7434: 7429: 7268: 6978: 6825: 6793: 6770: 6606: 6360: 6321: 6282: 5784: 5639: 5328: 5308: 5242: 5212: 5187: 5149: 4928: 4372: 4314: 3624: 3168: 3074:; however, they have participated in presidential elections since March 29, 1961. 2863: 2381:

has a number of electoral votes equal to the size of its Congressional delegation (

2298: 2266: 1955:(twice). None of the three were removed from office following trial in the Senate. 1910: 1814: 1650: 1556: 1552: 1532: 688: 3139: 11765: 11568: 11516: 11397: 11356: 11267: 11191: 11095: 11077: 10813: 10783: 10641: 8936: 8712: 8610: 8382: 7682: 7615: 7384: 7305: 7251: 7041: 7031: 6988: 6938: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6748: 6743: 6687: 6677: 6616: 6611: 6304: 6239: 6111: 5624: 5378: 5358: 5313: 5099: 4721: 4701: 4672: 4402: 4047: 3433: 3327: 3208:), whose members represent the voters of the state. Each state maintains its own 3189: 2947: 2800: 2788: 2457: 2275: 2250: 2216: 2068: 1471: 1091: 573: 556: 546: 489: 425: 352: 4715:

Parliamentary Rights of the Delegates and Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico

3649: 3330:, water management districts, fire management districts, and library districts. 2328:

power includes the power to issue absolute or conditional pardons, and to issue

12054: 11506: 11485: 11469: 11433: 11377: 11346: 11161: 9406: 9306: 8689: 7824: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7476: 7339: 7273: 7026: 6995: 6983: 6951: 6893: 6858: 6853: 6785: 6647: 6642: 6595: 6116: 6055: 6045: 6040: 5794: 5789: 5673: 5443: 5368: 5272: 5237: 4888: 4783: 4425:"U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 7, Clauses 1–3: The Legislative Process" 3727: 3666: 3291: 2934: 2340: 1886: 1826: 1822: 1706: 1390: 1317: 4629: 3834: 2413:

of the U.S. federal government, depicted in an early 20th century illustration

2402: 12337: 11611: 11532: 11490: 11459: 11387: 11309: 11181: 11151: 11067: 10970: 10681: 10636: 8387: 7687: 7496: 7131: 7036: 6961: 6913: 6738: 6697: 6692: 6672: 6662: 5815: 5423: 5282: 5074: 5004: 4908: 3650:

Judge Rules Favorably in Pennsylvania BRAC Suit (Associated Press, August 26)

3283: 3093:); however, Puerto Ricans pay all other federal taxes, including the federal 2959: 2888: 2370: 2258: 2169: 1702: 1536: 1528: 472: 414: 392: 341: 310: 2442: 1872:" to) many important presidential appointments, including cabinet officers, 11698: 8694: 8666: 7721: 7021: 6956: 6908: 6903: 6835: 6712: 6707: 5825: 5634: 5539: 5403: 5232: 5217: 4943: 4131:(paperback 2009 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 247–57. 3463: 3275: 3247: 3201: 3090: 2738: 2344: 1806:

for at least seven years, and must live in the state that they represent.

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Offices of the United States Within the Meaning of the Appointments Clause

3860: 3085:

on income that has its source in Puerto Rico, and do not pay most federal

2460:

power that has been used to call the chambers to consider urgent matters.

11910: 11563: 11443: 8971: 8502: 7839: 7741: 7481: 7344: 7100: 6873: 6848: 6682: 6632: 5799: 5732: 5549: 5468: 5252: 5227: 5177: 5089: 5049: 5044: 5024: 5019: 5009: 4994: 4989: 4773:(1977) bibliography and annotation of 2500 scholarly books and articles. 4714: 4274:

Lauren-Brooke Eisen, Hernandez Stroud & Josh Bell (January 9, 2021).

4249:

Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation

4177:

Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation

4147:

Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation

4095:

Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation

3516: 3271: 3094: 3078: 2963: 2834: 2567: 2427: 2385:, its number of Representatives in the House plus its two senators). The 2229: 2221: 1838: 561: 163: 4603: 3892: 3427: 2772:

can be filed and decided. The district courts can also hear cases under

2753:, are specialized courts handling only certain kinds of cases, known as 2067:

Congressional oversight is intended to prevent waste and fraud, protect

1697:

One of the theoretical pillars of the U.S. Constitution is the idea of "

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The judicial power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, an

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Senate advice and consent for presidential nominations and for treaties

1943:

removed from office. As of 2023, three presidents have been impeached:

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Federal revenue and spending of the U.S. federal government as of 2021

11196: 9323: 9316: 5758: 5678: 5597: 5572: 5534: 5463: 5338: 5247: 5182: 5107: 5094: 5079: 5064: 5034: 5014: 4486:

Goldstein, Joel K. (1995). "The New Constitutional Vice Presidency".

3255: 3148: 2715: 2406: 2148: 1902: 1796: 455: 3628: 1562:

The U.S. federal government is composed of three distinct branches:

7506: 7456: 5722: 5478: 5333: 5267: 5192: 5159: 5059: 4948: 4870: 4505:

Reynolds, Glenn Harlan (2007). "Is Dick Cheney Unconstitutional?".

3809: 3782: 3515:, in regards to the national government of the United States, as a 3205: 3106: 3098: 2904:

instead of state procedural rules (that is, the application of the

2325: 1654: 6564: 4771:

Evolution of the modern presidency : a bibliographical survey

4173:"ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.1 Appointing Ambassadors, Ministers, and Consuls" 3322:, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form 2874:

by the U.S. Supreme Court's interpretation of federal law, but is

2322:

grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States

2265:(the chief executive). The Constitution directs the president to " 1885:

the bill, both houses of Congress then re-pass the bill, but by a

11231: 10661: 7011: 6065: 5764: 5529: 5488: 5433: 5408: 5262: 5084: 4984: 4300: 4091:"ArtII.S2.C1.1.2 Commander in Chief Power: Doctrine and Practice" 3473: 2841: 2601:

Outside of the EOP and the executive departments are a number of

2438: 2333: 5769: 5604: 5559: 4898: 4893: 3279: 3259: 3236: 3164: 3152: 2792: 2531: 2022: 2018: 1918: 1679:, in which power is shared between the national government and 2870:

A State Supreme Court, other than of its own accord, is bound

2495:, for they are not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a 1705:) has the power to create law, the executive branch under the 4826: 2114:

Informal meetings between legislators and executive officials

1914: 4823:(Portal of the U.S. Federal government of the United States) 4463:. University of California, Santa Barbara. January 8, 2021. 4022:– via Cornell Law School, Legal Information Institute. 3962:– via Cornell Law School, Legal Information Institute. 3225:

are considered "domestic dependent nations" that operate as

3113:. Puerto Rico is represented in the Congress by a nonvoting 2397: 1791:

is made up of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a

19:"American Government" redirects here. For the textbook, see 6753: 3683: 3303: 3299: 3290:

agencies. Twenty states further divide their counties into

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The United States government is based on the principles of

1380: 9829: 2682:

Article III section I of the Constitution establishes the

2107:

if the president becomes disabled or if the office of the

5565: 4375:

Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution

4061:"Executive Order, Proclamation, or Executive Memorandum?" 3728:"Article I. Constitution of the United States of America" 3617:

Proceedings of the American Political Science Association

2950:

of federal debt to federal revenue from 1996 through 2022

2892:; however, at the same time, the case is heard under the 2817:

sometimes hear cases arising under state law pursuant to

2026: 2010: 1385: 4740:. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. May 12, 2004. 4651:

Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution

4267: 2350: 4813: 3852: 3120: 98: 1621:

A diagram of the political system of the United States

10182: 4419: 4417: 4415: 2745:

suits between individuals. Other courts, such as the

2703:

abolish federal courts lower than the Supreme Court.

2691:

president and confirmed by the United States Senate.

4724:, Congressional Research Service (October 16, 2019). 4704:, Congressional Research Service (October 30, 2000). 3409: 3014:

Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union

2666: 2320:

The Constitution grants the president the "Power to

4396:

Twenty-second Amendment: United States Constitution

4301:Paul E. Rutledge; Heather A. Larsen (August 2014). 3915: 3913: 3058:Under the U.S. Constitution, the representation of 11606:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 4412: 4165: 4126: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 3533: 2854:doctrine of adequate and independent State grounds 2623:United States Agency for International Development 1928: 1799:U.S. Census. Each member serves a two-year term. 6076:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister 4129:The Man in the White House: His Powers and Duties 4039:William P. Marshall & Saikrishna B. Prakash, 3972: 1559:, where most of the federal government is based. 636:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review 12335: 12084: 8535:Native American recognition in the United States 4788:The creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 4352:23rd Amendment to the United States Constitution 4276:"Explainer: Presidential Pardon Power Explained" 4004:"Article 2, Section I, Clause 8: Oath of Office" 3910: 3143:The states of the United States as divided into 3051:. The only significant exception to this is the 2077:Congress's oversight function takes many forms: 4026: 3469:Copyright status of work by the U.S. government 2659:Article Three of the United States Constitution 2479:Seal of the vice president of the United States 2426:in which Case it shall not be a Law" (called a 2087:Formal consultations with and reports from the 2005:, the legislative branch of the U.S. government 1639:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1609:, while being subject to federal jurisdiction. 11617:Bibliography of the United States Constitution 4333: 4083: 3966: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3921:"Constitution of the United States of America" 3548:U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual 2842:Relationships between state and federal courts 2267:take care that the laws be faithfully executed 2240: 2133:List of United States federal executive orders 1721:unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. 12070: 11714: 10168: 9815: 8932:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 7116: 6580: 6001: 5927:Autonomous types of first-tier administration 4855: 4598: 4596: 4245:"ArtII.S2.C1.3.1.1 Scope of the Pardon Power" 2546:List of federal agencies in the United States 2247:Article Two of the United States Constitution 2129:Article Two of the United States Constitution 1985:Article One of the United States Constitution 1492: 11728: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4135: 4067:. Library of Congress Research Guide. 2020. 4041:Article II, Section 3: Common Interpretation 3055:, and in some states former felons as well. 2698:subdivided the nation jurisdictionally into 2532:Cabinet, executive departments, and agencies 2201:Powers of the president of the United States 1831:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 4869: 4660: 4658: 4507:Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy 4237: 3927: 3294:. Population centers may be organized into 3262:have county-equivalent subdivisions called 2542:United States federal executive departments 1958: 1770: 12077: 12063: 11721: 11707: 10175: 10161: 9822: 9808: 7130: 7123: 7109: 6587: 6573: 6122:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary 6008: 5994: 4862: 4848: 4818: 4593: 4457:"Presidential Vetoes: Washington to Biden" 4449: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 3923:. 1787. Article II – via Wikisource. 2954:The budget document often begins with the 2519:in U.S. history. Lastly, in the case of a 2507:when it convenes to count the vote of the 2261:(performing ceremonial functions) and the 2211:seal of the president of the United States 2056: 1499: 1485: 8545:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 4682: 4604:"CBO Monthly Budget Review-November 2018" 4485: 4479: 4318: 3489:Criticism of the United States government 3440: 2962:recommending funding levels for the next 2398:Veto power, impeachment, and other issues 12349:1789 establishments in the United States 11673:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution 4655: 4504: 4365: 3944:"Nature and Scope of Presidential Power" 3859:Kaiser, Frederick M. (January 3, 2006). 3778:"Trump impeachment: A very simple guide" 3138: 3081:other than federal employees do not pay 3008: 2941: 2933: 2670: 2473: 2401: 2324:, except in Cases of Impeachment"; this 2215: 2204: 2100:proceedings and subsequent Senate trials 2041:, exercise exclusive legislation in the 1988: 1935:Federal impeachment in the United States 1774: 1734: 1616: 16:National government of the United States 12344:Federal government of the United States 8596:List of counties and county equivalents 4630:"FedScope Federal Human Resources Data" 4143:"ArtII.S2.C2.1 The Treaty Making Power" 4113: 3131:Tribal sovereignty in the United States 2998: 2635:National Railroad Passenger Corporation 2596:Office of Science and Technology Policy 2588:Office of the U.S. Trade Representative 2503:, the vice president presides over the 2332:, to remit fines, and to issue general 2245:The executive branch is established in 2103:House and Senate proceedings under the 1667:History of the United States government 1513:federal government of the United States 631:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 621:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel 220:This article is part of a series on the 12336: 9831:State governments of the United States 4578:Federal tribunals in the United States 4467:from the original on February 27, 2021 4225:from the original on February 21, 2021 4214:. United States Department of Justice 4183:from the original on February 27, 2021 4050:, National Constitution Center (2021). 4014:from the original on February 10, 2021 3984:from the original on December 16, 2020 3858: 3790:from the original on December 19, 2019 3215:As a result of the Supreme Court case 3127:State governments of the United States 3053:disenfranchisement of convicted felons 2647:Federal judiciary of the United States 2592:Office of National Drug Control Policy 1653:, "Washington" is sometimes used as a 31:State governments of the United States 12058: 11702: 10156: 9803: 7104: 6568: 5989: 4843: 4830: 4632:. U.S. Office of Personnel Management 4610:from the original on December 5, 2018 4548: 4546: 4437:from the original on January 22, 2021 4282:from the original on February 3, 2021 4255:from the original on January 27, 2021 4153:from the original on January 31, 2021 4071:from the original on February 7, 2021 3954:from the original on January 23, 2021 3674:from the original on January 29, 2022 3457: 3135:Local government in the United States 2631:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 2351:Election, succession, and term limits 1978: 1765: 1724: 1567: 991:Elections in the District of Columbia 7077: 4101:from the original on January 6, 2021 4065:Executive Orders: A Beginner's Guide 3996: 3973:Daniel W. Drezner (August 4, 2019). 3698:"Member Web Site Listing (by State)" 3614: 3338: 3121:State, tribal, and local governments 2513:U.S. presidential line of succession 1361:United States and the United Nations 593:Inferior Courts of the United States 11640:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom 11167:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 6594: 6081:Speaker / President of the assembly 4747:from the original on March 18, 2009 4195: 3753:"Appointed Senators (1913-Present)" 3204:is a feature of every state except 2983:United States federal civil service 2898:Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 2470:Vice President of the United States 2357:United States presidential election 2122: 1893:The Constitution also includes the 465:Vice President of the United States 13: 10731:Drafting and ratification timeline 10476:District of Columbia Voting Rights 6169:International development minister 4763: 4543: 4251:. Congressional Research Service. 4179:. Congressional Research Service. 4149:. Congressional Research Service. 4097:. Congressional Research Service. 4010:. Congressional Research Service. 3950:. Congressional Research Service. 3873:from the original on July 25, 2008 3866:. Congressional Research Service. 3571:from the original on July 29, 2018 2714:, nullifying the law and creating 2684:Supreme Court of the United States 2653:Supreme Court of the United States 2640: 1863: 1813:. There is one delegate each from 529:Supreme Court of the United States 237: 14: 12365: 10184:Constitution of the United States 7941:Director of National Intelligence 6544:Government ministers by portfolio 6300:Ministry of Education and Culture 4805: 4695:U.S. Federal Taxes in Puerto Rico 3975:"America's head of state, M.I.A." 3552:U.S. Government Publishing Office 3509:U.S. Government Publishing Office 3196:. Each state also has an elected 3099:fund Social Security and Medicare 2726:, and below them in turn are the 2667:Overview of the federal judiciary 2564:Executive Office of the President 2463: 1574:, whose powers are vested by the 259:Constitution of the United States 12198:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11784: 10587:Convention to propose amendments 8097:Government Accountability Office 7076: 7065: 7064: 6549: 6548: 6538: 6537: 3511:specifies the capitalization of 3426: 3412: 3298:of several types, including the 2894:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 2625:(USAID). In addition, there are 2584:Council on Environmental Quality 2269:" and requires the president to 2162: 2141: 1465: 1453: 704:Elections by State and Territory 309: 304: 44: 39:United States Federal Government 12354:Federalism in the United States 5872:Social and political philosophy 4727: 4707: 4644: 4622: 4582: 4571: 4517: 4498: 4388: 4342: 4327: 4294: 4053: 3885: 3827: 3802: 3770: 2724:United States Courts of Appeals 2706:The U.S. Supreme Court decides 2619:Environmental Protection Agency 2576:Office of Management and Budget 2345:leader of their political party 2234:presidential advisors and staff 1929:Impeachment of federal officers 1635:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1366:United Nations Security Council 1269:District of Columbia Government 11202:Separation of church and state 9740:Separation of church and state 7956:National Reconnaissance Office 7899:President of the United States 6217:Ministry of trade and industry 5708:Political history of the world 4831: 4278:. Brennan Center for Justice. 3893:"Directory of Representatives" 3745: 3720: 3690: 3654: 3643: 3608: 3583: 3501: 3343: 3005:Elections in the United States 2768:, diversity jurisdiction, and 2255:president of the United States 2197:President of the United States 1594:and courts subordinate to the 482:United States Attorney General 448:President of the United States 1: 11771:Bill (United States Congress) 10706:Virginia Ratifying Convention 6864:Needle and syringe programmes 6718:Universal access to education 6371:Ministry of religious affairs 4336:The President as Party Leader 3526: 3173:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 3083:federal personal income taxes 2766:federal question jurisdiction 2728:United States District Courts 2627:government-owned corporations 2315:Officers of the United States 1901:voting in every state except 1789:U.S. House of Representatives 1781:U.S. House of Representatives 626:Alien Terrorist Removal Court 12323:United States Virgin Islands 12085:Governments of North America 11667:National Constitution Center 11465:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer 10764:Assemble and Petition Clause 8102:Government Publishing Office 7570:Technological and industrial 5713:History of political thought 3163:, respectively). Alaska and 3062:and the federal district of 3033:equal protection of the laws 2993:United States Postal Service 2976: 2930:United States federal budget 2859:Supreme Courts of each state 2780:courts, and in addition has 2607:United States Postal Service 2580:Council of Economic Advisers 2538:Cabinet of the United States 2447:high crimes and misdemeanors 2257:. The president is both the 2190: 1657:for the federal government. 616:Court of International Trade 63:; 235 years ago 7: 11538:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney 10592:State ratifying conventions 10529:Equal Opportunity to Govern 10524:Electoral College abolition 10451:Congressional Apportionment 9574:Women's reproductive health 8540:Federally recognized tribes 8403:Public utilities commission 8307:Public Health Service Corps 8210:Code of Federal Regulations 8092:Congressional Budget Office 7946:Central Intelligence Agency 7852:Water supply and sanitation 7279:Declaration of Independence 6947:Publicly funded health care 6386:Ministry of social security 6267:Ministry of water resources 6147:Ministry of foreign affairs 6016:Common types of government 4769:Greenstein, Fred I. et al. 4664:Alexia Fernández Campbell, 4461:American Presidency Project 4430:Legal Information Institute 4127:Wilfred E. Binkley (1959). 4008:U.S. Constitution Annotated 3948:U.S. Constitution Annotated 3396: 3333: 3296:incorporated municipalities 3192:, with below him being the 2755:subject matter jurisdiction 2615:Central Intelligence Agency 2241:Executive powers and duties 2224:includes the office of the 2051:United States Supreme Court 1895:Necessary and Proper Clause 1607:possessing sovereign powers 10: 12370: 8752:Red states and blue states 8657:City commission government 8652:Council–manager government 6419:Minister without portfolio 6381:Ministry of social affairs 6212:Ministry of infrastructure 4720:February 24, 2021, at the 4046:February 17, 2021, at the 3320:consolidated city-counties 3124: 3089:(for example, the federal 3002: 2980: 2927: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2535: 2467: 2354: 2280:presidential proclamations 2194: 2126: 2060: 1982: 1932: 1728: 1664: 1660: 1545:self-governing territories 80:United States Constitution 28: 18: 12298:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 12216: 12090: 11919: 11896:Law School Admission Test 11881: 11859: 11804: 11793: 11782: 11736: 11625: 11597: 11577: 11556: 11525: 11499: 11478: 11452: 11416: 11365: 11334: 11318: 11297: 11276: 11255: 11239: 11230: 11109: 10991:Privileges and Immunities 10804:Congressional enforcement 10739: 10726:Rhode Island ratification 10617:Articles of Confederation 10604: 10582: 10559:Parental Rights amendment 10484: 10441: 10366: 10338: 10317: 10254: 10250: 10241: 10190: 10112: 10098: 9837: 9761: 9587: 9460: 9392: 9045: 9041: 9032: 8980: 8845: 8836: 8732: 8703: 8680: 8619: 8586: 8577: 8520: 8508:Comparison of governments 8483: 8446: 8423: 8339: 8319: 8250: 8188: 8110: 8033: 7891: 7882: 7878: 7869: 7591: 7582: 7527: 7487:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 7328:drafting and ratification 7301:Articles of Confederation 7214: 7148: 7139: 7060: 7004: 6972:National health insurance 6937: 6924:Supervised injection site 6834: 6784: 6731: 6625: 6602: 6533: 6470:Communications ministries 6427: 6411: 6275: 6230: 6182: 6130: 6094: 6028: 5956: 5949: 5808: 5750: 5698: 5691: 5659: 5652: 5592: 5585: 5520: 5511: 5394: 5387: 5301: 5170: 4957: 4919:National unity government 4881: 4837: 4782: 3861:"Congressional Oversight" 3732:Illinois General Assembly 3360: 3252:special-purpose districts 3167:are not to scale and the 2923: 2902:Federal Rules of Evidence 2572:National Security Council 2505:joint session of Congress 2232:, and the offices of key 2033:, provide and maintain a 1851: 1612: 1057:List of political parties 204: 194: 189: 179: 169: 159: 149: 139: 134: 124: 114: 109: 93: 85: 75: 57: 43: 12318:Turks and Caicos Islands 11730:Law of the United States 11222:Unitary executive theory 10996:Privileges or Immunities 10711:New York Circular Letter 10701:Massachusetts Compromise 10132:Northern Mariana Islands 9527:Prescription drug prices 8647:Mayor–council government 8637:Coterminous municipality 8627:Consolidated city-county 8393:Agriculture commissioner 8043:House of Representatives 7951:National Security Agency 7601:Contiguous United States 6967:Single-payer health care 6776:Universal basic services 6723:Universal basic services 6465:Climate change ministers 6366:Ministry of home affairs 5349:Environmental regulation 5155:Representative democracy 4201: 3662:"The Legislative Branch" 3494: 3377:Federal judicial circuit 3117:, a nonvoting delegate. 2369:are normally elected as 2081:Committee inquiries and 1965:congressional committees 1959:Congressional procedures 1771:House of Representatives 1756:House of Representatives 1460:United States portal 972:Northern Mariana Islands 320:House of Representatives 11142:Dormant Commerce Clause 10986:Presidential succession 10721:Fayetteville Convention 10716:Hillsborough Convention 10652:Three-fifths Compromise 10632:Philadelphia Convention 10622:Mount Vernon Conference 10509:Campaign finance reform 9612:Criticism of government 8957:Social welfare programs 8550:State-recognized tribes 7535:Outline of U.S. history 7247:Continental Association 6668:Public good (economics) 6554:Ministries by portfolio 6525:Public works ministries 6257:Ministry of electricity 6197:Ministry of the economy 6071:Office of the president 5414:Uncodified constitution 4939:Administrative division 4700:April 15, 2021, at the 4671:April 16, 2021, at the 4589:United States Tax Court 4407:Encyclopædia Britannica 4401:April 16, 2021, at the 4334:James W. Davis (1992). 4216:Office of Legal Counsel 2847:government are legally 2827:concurrent jurisdiction 2708:cases and controversies 2487:president of the Senate 2063:Congressional oversight 2057:Congressional oversight 1517:U.S. federal government 1189:Individualist anarchism 361:Congressional districts 12248:British Virgin Islands 11305:William Samuel Johnson 11177:Nondelegation doctrine 10749:Admission to the Union 10696:Anti-Federalist Papers 10647:Connecticut Compromise 9674:Environmental movement 9517:Health insurance costs 9412:Educational attainment 8937:Federal Reserve System 8895:Science and technology 8398:Insurance commissioner 7936:Intelligence Community 7631:minor outlying islands 7394:Civil rights movement 6490:Environment ministries 6460:Agriculture ministries 6455:Presidents of assembly 6450:Deputy prime ministers 4713:Christopher M. Davis, 4554:"The Executive Branch" 4488:Wake Forest Law Review 4307:Policy Studies Journal 3591:"Government structure" 3441:States and territories 3384: 3223:American Indian tribes 3176: 3017: 2971:gross domestic product 2951: 2939: 2884:diversity jurisdiction 2823:exclusive jurisdiction 2819:diversity jurisdiction 2732:diversity jurisdiction 2688:United States Congress 2679: 2526:Twenty-fifth Amendment 2521:Twenty-fifth Amendment 2481: 2452:The president may not 2414: 2303:diplomatic recognition 2284:presidential memoranda 2237: 2213: 2184:since January 20, 2021 2006: 1793:congressional district 1784: 1748:United States Congress 1743: 1741:United States Congress 1731:United States Congress 1622: 1555:(national capital) of 1326:Diplomatic missions of 1204:Political polarization 674:Presidential elections 298:United States Congress 242: 209:Supreme Court Building 12188:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11512:Richard Dobbs Spaight 10981:Presidential Electors 10956:Original Jurisdiction 10896:Full Faith and Credit 10769:Assistance of Counsel 10690:The Federalist Papers 10519:Crittenden Compromise 9500:Immigrant health care 9015:Transportation safety 9010:Transportation policy 9000:Public transportation 8070:President pro tempore 7926:Executive departments 7695:National Park Service 7350:Territorial evolution 6816:Public infrastructure 6653:Public administration 6638:Free-culture movement 6485:Environment ministers 6391:Minister for Veterans 6262:Ministry of Petroleum 6222:Ministry of transport 6061:Deputy First Minister 6051:Deputy prime minister 5905:aspects of capitalism 5821:History of philosophy 5319:Unemployment benefits 5055:Military dictatorship 3786:. December 19, 2019. 3142: 3115:Resident Commissioner 3025:Seventeenth Amendment 3012: 2945: 2937: 2782:original jurisdiction 2696:Judiciary Act of 1789 2674: 2651:Further information: 2477: 2433:The president may be 2405: 2355:Further information: 2289:The president is the 2251:vests executive power 2219: 2208: 1995:United States Capitol 1992: 1835:resident commissioner 1811:resident commissioner 1779:The 435 seats of the 1778: 1738: 1643:National Park Service 1620: 1592:executive departments 1535:located primarily in 401:President Pro Tempore 241: 11906:Admission to the bar 11756:Separation of powers 11681:A More Perfect Union 11657:Constitution Gardens 11578:Convention Secretary 11240:Convention President 11212:Symmetric federalism 11207:Separation of powers 10941:Necessary and Proper 10936:Natural-born citizen 10881:Freedom of the Press 10819:Copyright and Patent 10809:Contingent Elections 10627:Annapolis Convention 9669:Environmental issues 9334:Political ideologies 9233:Indigenous languages 8433:List of legislatures 8230:separation of powers 7931:Independent agencies 7857:World Heritage Sites 7492:September 11 attacks 7415:Spanish–American War 7355:Mexican–American War 7311:Confederation period 7242:Continental Congress 6480:Education ministries 6317:Information minister 6252:Environment minister 6162:Ministry of interior 6152:Immigration minister 5839:Political ideologies 5115:Parliamentary system 4693:David L. Brumbaugh, 4606:. November 7, 2018. 3757:United States Senate 3554:. 2016. p. 32. 3420:United States portal 3316:unincorporated areas 3278:, and some parts of 3218:Worcester v. Georgia 3064:District of Columbia 2999:Elections and voting 2989:District of Columbia 2774:removal jurisdiction 2770:pendent jurisdiction 2605:. These include the 2603:independent agencies 2387:District of Columbia 2043:District of Columbia 2029:, raise and support 1923:ranked-choice voting 1330:in the United States 1070:Political ideologies 694:Presidential primary 12203:Trinidad and Tobago 12098:Antigua and Barbuda 11846:International Trade 11688:Worldwide influence 11429:Gunning Bedford Jr. 11157:Executive privilege 11137:Criminal sentencing 11060:Title of Nobility ( 11051:Taxing and Spending 10951:Oath or Affirmation 10911:House Apportionment 10774:Case or Controversy 10657:Committee of Detail 10549:"Liberty" amendment 10514:Christian amendment 10142:U.S. Virgin Islands 9512:Health care finance 9005:Rail transportation 8771:Imperial presidency 8493:State constitutions 8438:List of legislators 8388:Auditor/Comptroller 8361:Lieutenant governor 8087:Library of Congress 7978:Diplomatic Security 7621:Indian reservations 7284:American Revolution 7052:Public viewing area 6821:Public water system 6809:Municipal broadband 6766:Public broadcasting 6376:Ministry of science 6334:Ministry of justice 6327:Ministry of housing 6288:Ministry of culture 6202:Ministry of finance 6142:Ministry of defence 5961:Forms of government 5894:Conservatism navbox 5499:Legislative council 5324:National healthcare 5198:Christian democracy 5120:Presidential system 4975:Countries by system 3447:Political divisions 3194:Lieutenant Governor 3105:tax; and business, 3072:non-voting delegate 2912:state law, but not 2686:and authorizes the 2310:Appointments Clause 2047:interstate commerce 1973:Library of Congress 1899:first-past-the-post 1887:two-thirds majority 1699:checks and balances 1525:national government 1472:Politics portal 1307:Department of State 982:U.S. Virgin Islands 40: 22:American Government 12138:Dominican Republic 11942:Child sexual abuse 11932:Administrative law 11776:United States Code 11738:Constitutional law 11342:William Livingston 11326:Alexander Hamilton 11132:Criminal procedure 11127:Constitutional law 11062:Foreign Emoluments 11026:State of the Union 11011:Self-Incrimination 11001:Recess appointment 10794:Compulsory Process 10456:Titles of Nobility 9622:affirmative action 9595:Capital punishment 9554:Poverty and health 9549:Physician shortage 9522:Health care prices 9452:Standard of living 9135:standard of living 8942:Financial position 8569:Hawaiian home land 8557:Indian reservation 8530:Tribal sovereignty 8373:Secretary of state 8242:United States Code 8158:Territorial courts 8130:Associate Justices 8015:Inspector generals 7502:War in Afghanistan 7365:Reconstruction era 7232:Stamp Act Congress 7017:Government auction 6703:Public procurement 6520:Interior ministers 6401:Minister for women 6356:Ministry of sports 6344:Ministry of labour 6339:Minister of labour 6310:Ministry of health 6295:Education minister 6245:Ministry of energy 6102:Secretary of state 5966:Types of democracy 5861:Political spectrum 5474:Legislative bodies 5429:Head of government 5354:Banking regulation 4914:Federal government 4904:Central government 4679:(October 4, 2017). 4531:. December 9, 2014 4205:(April 16, 2007). 4203:Steven G. Bradbury 3708:on August 28, 2008 3513:Federal Government 3458:Works and websites 3324:independent cities 3177: 3175:have been omitted. 3029:universal suffrage 3018: 2991:(not counting the 2952: 2940: 2825:in some areas and 2810:Eleventh Amendment 2795:; cases affecting 2784:over a few cases. 2700:judicial districts 2680: 2677:U.S. Supreme Court 2511:. As first in the 2499:. Pursuant to the 2482: 2419:Presentment Clause 2415: 2291:commander-in-chief 2263:head of government 2238: 2214: 2007: 1999:seat of government 1979:Powers of Congress 1870:advice and consent 1785: 1766:Makeup of Congress 1744: 1725:Legislative branch 1688:American Civil War 1647:seat of government 1623: 1596:U.S. Supreme Court 1549:island possessions 1314:Secretary of State 684:Off-year elections 666:National Elections 373:Non-voting members 251:Federal government 243: 110:Legislative branch 38: 12331: 12330: 12220:other territories 12052: 12051: 11877: 11876: 11832: 11696: 11695: 11662:Constitution Week 11647:Independence Mall 11635:National Archives 11593: 11592: 11408:Gouverneur Morris 11393:Thomas Fitzsimons 11373:Benjamin Franklin 11247:George Washington 11147:Enumerated powers 11122:Concurrent powers 11117:Balance of powers 10946:No Religious Test 10886:Freedom of Speech 10677:Independence Hall 10600: 10599: 10504:Bricker amendment 10437: 10436: 10150: 10149: 9797: 9796: 9757: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9723:National security 9432:Income inequality 9312:Statue of Liberty 9115:income inequality 9028: 9027: 9020:Trucking industry 8832: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8759:Foreign relations 8747:Electoral College 8728: 8727: 8516: 8515: 8468:District attorney 8315: 8314: 8142:Courts of appeals 7865: 7864: 7578: 7577: 7519:COVID-19 pandemic 7472:Feminist Movement 7318:American frontier 7237:Thirteen Colonies 7098: 7097: 7092: 7091: 6919:Public university 6899:Public open space 6844:Drinking fountain 6804:Telecommunication 6562: 6561: 6510:Health ministries 6505:Forest ministries 6500:Foreign ministers 6495:Finance ministers 6475:Defence ministers 6396:Ministry of women 6351:Regional minister 6233:natural resources 6207:Industry minister 6192:Commerce minister 6157:Interior minister 6133:foreign affairs / 6107:Minister of state 5983: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5971:Political parties 5850:Political culture 5775:International law 5746: 5745: 5738:U.S. Constitution 5687: 5686: 5669:Political science 5648: 5647: 5620:Political parties 5581: 5580: 5507: 5506: 5223:Constitutionalism 4934:County government 4797:978-0-8078-2422-1 4320:10.1111/psj.12068 3684:National Archives 3561:978-0-16-093601-2 3550:(2016 ed.). 3484: 3483: 3198:state legislature 2747:bankruptcy courts 2509:Electoral College 2501:Twelfth Amendment 2497:tie-breaking vote 2454:dissolve Congress 2375:Electoral College 2330:commute sentences 2178: 2157: 1754:, comprising the 1681:state governments 1576:U.S. Constitution 1539:, composed of 50 1509: 1508: 1348:Visa requirements 1300:Foreign relations 1199:Political culture 1139:Constitutionalism 1017:Political parties 1002:List of Elections 689:Primary elections 679:Midterm elections 601:Courts of appeals 229: 214: 213: 154:Electoral College 76:Founding document 12361: 12288:Saint Barthélemy 12218:Dependencies and 12091:Sovereign states 12079: 12072: 12065: 12056: 12055: 11952:Conflict of laws 11826: 11802: 11801: 11788: 11723: 11716: 11709: 11700: 11699: 11652:Constitution Day 11543:Charles Pinckney 11352:William Paterson 11284:Nathaniel Gorham 11237: 11236: 11016:Speech or Debate 10844:Equal Protection 10554:Ludlow amendment 10539:Flag Desecration 10534:Federal Marriage 10499:Blaine amendment 10461:Corwin Amendment 10252: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10177: 10170: 10163: 10154: 10153: 10106:Washington, D.C. 10100:Federal district 9824: 9817: 9810: 9801: 9800: 9777: 9770: 9657:African American 9539:Health insurance 9427:Household income 9297:National symbols 9228:American English 9201:Federal holidays 9110:household income 9043: 9042: 9039: 9038: 8843: 8842: 8781:Anti-Americanism 8705:Special district 8632:Independent city 8601:County executive 8584: 8583: 8378:Attorney general 8337: 8336: 8326:Federal District 7909:Executive Office 7889: 7888: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7636:populated places 7616:federal enclaves 7611:federal district 7589: 7588: 7452:American Century 7435:Great Depression 7430:Roaring Twenties 7390:Women's suffrage 7269:Halifax Resolves 7262:Founding Fathers 7257:military history 7222:Pre-colonial era 7146: 7145: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7102: 7101: 7080: 7079: 7068: 7067: 6979:Social insurance 6826:Waste management 6794:Electric utility 6771:Public transport 6688:Public ownership 6607:Municipalization 6589: 6582: 6575: 6566: 6565: 6552: 6551: 6541: 6540: 6361:Tourism minister 6322:Housing minister 6283:Culture minister 6010: 6003: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5954: 5953: 5942: 5938:World government 5936: 5931: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5785:World government 5696: 5695: 5657: 5656: 5640:Environmentalism 5590: 5589: 5518: 5517: 5392: 5391: 5329:Public education 5309:Social insurance 5243:Environmentalism 5213:Communitarianism 5188:Authoritarianism 5150:Direct Democracy 4929:Local government 4864: 4857: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4814:Official website 4801: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4725: 4711: 4705: 4691: 4680: 4662: 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Congress is 3007: 3001: 2985: 2979: 2958:'s proposal to 2948:financial ratio 2932: 2926: 2880:dual sovereigns 2849:dual sovereigns 2844: 2789:Act of Congress 2720:judicial review 2669: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2641:Judicial branch 2621:(EPA), and the 2548: 2536:Main articles: 2534: 2472: 2466: 2458:special session 2411:personification 2400: 2359: 2353: 2271:swear or affirm 2243: 2228:, known as the 2203: 2195:Main articles: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2135: 2125: 2069:civil liberties 2065: 2059: 1987: 1981: 1961: 1937: 1931: 1866: 1864:Separate powers 1854: 1773: 1768: 1733: 1727: 1669: 1663: 1615: 1521:U.S. government 1505: 1476: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1444: 1443: 1395: 1377: 1357: 1338:Nationality law 1334: 1322: 1302: 1292: 1291: 1264: 1219: 1209: 1208: 1195: 1130: 1072: 1062: 1061: 1053: 1033: 1019: 1009: 1008: 996: 986: 708: 700: 670: 661: 651: 650: 645:Other tribunals 640: 606:District courts 588: 523: 513: 512: 494: 490:Merrick Garland 442: 432: 431: 426:Mitch McConnell 423:Minority Leader 412:Majority Leader 377: 353:Hakeem Jeffries 350:Minority Leader 339:Majority Leader 315: 292: 282: 281: 253: 230: 190:Judicial branch 97: 67: 65: 62: 53: 34: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12367: 12357: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12308:Sint Eustatius 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12253:Cayman Islands 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12224: 12222: 12217: 12214: 12213: 12211: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12094: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12074: 12067: 12059: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11957:Constitutional 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11923: 11921: 11917: 11916: 11914: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11887: 11885: 11879: 11878: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11865: 11863: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11821: 11816: 11810: 11808: 11806:Federal courts 11799: 11791: 11790: 11783: 11781: 11779: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11747: 11745: 11734: 11733: 11726: 11725: 11718: 11711: 11703: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11690: 11685: 11677: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11643: 11642: 11631: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11587: 11581: 11579: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11571: 11566: 11560: 11558: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11529: 11527: 11526:South Carolina 11523: 11522: 11520: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11507:William Blount 11503: 11501: 11500:North Carolina 11497: 11496: 11494: 11493: 11488: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11472: 11470:Daniel Carroll 11467: 11462: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11434:John Dickinson 11431: 11426: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11378:Thomas Mifflin 11375: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11347:David Brearley 11344: 11338: 11336: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11328: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11280: 11278: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11270: 11265: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11249: 11243: 11241: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11224: 11219: 11217:Taxation power 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11162:Implied powers 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11113: 11111: 11110:Interpretation 11107: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11006:Recommendation 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10891:Fugitive Slave 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10861: 10859:Excessive Bail 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10759:Appropriations 10756: 10751: 10745: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10686: 10685: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10594: 10589: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10569:Single subject 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10490: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10344: 10342: 10340:Reconstruction 10336: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10260: 10258: 10256:Bill of Rights 10245: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10180: 10179: 10172: 10165: 10157: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10122:American Samoa 10118: 10116: 10110: 10109: 10104: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10040:South Carolina 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10005:North Carolina 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9841: 9839: 9835: 9834: 9827: 9826: 9819: 9812: 9804: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9778: 9771: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9755: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9691:Mass shootings 9688: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9679:Climate change 9676: 9666: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9617:Discrimination 9614: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9597: 9591: 9589: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9509: 9508: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9472: 9466: 9464: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9407:American Dream 9404: 9398: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9374:Transportation 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9307:Mount Rushmore 9304: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9204: 9203: 9193: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9051: 9049: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8927:Federal budget 8924: 8919: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8865:Communications 8862: 8857: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8822: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8786:exceptionalism 8783: 8773: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8764:foreign policy 8756: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8739: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8709: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8554: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8532: 8526: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8489: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8461:Chief justices 8456:Supreme courts 8452: 8450: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8345: 8343: 8334: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8295:National Guard 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8256: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8212: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8198:Bill of Rights 8194: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8168:list of judges 8165: 8163:list of courts 8151: 8150: 8149: 8147:list of judges 8139: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8116: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8082:Capitol Police 8079: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8050: 8039: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8005: 8003:Secret Service 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7960: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7916:Vice President 7913: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7895: 7893: 7886: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7700:National Parks 7692: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7660: 7655: 7653:Extreme points 7650: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7340:Federalist Era 7337: 7336: 7335: 7333:Bill of Rights 7330: 7320: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7281: 7276: 7274:Lee Resolution 7271: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7150: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: articles 7128: 7127: 7120: 7113: 7105: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7027:Public holiday 7024: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6996:Youth services 6993: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6984:Social pension 6976: 6975: 6974: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6952:Public housing 6949: 6943: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6894:Public library 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6859:Infrastructure 6856: 6854:Free education 6851: 6846: 6840: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6801: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6786:Public utility 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6759:Savings system 6754:Postal service 6751: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6732:Basic services 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6648:Product sample 6645: 6643:Free newspaper 6640: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6592: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6569: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6546: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6236: 6234: 6231:Environment / 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6185:infrastructure 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6117:Undersecretary 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6056:First minister 6053: 6048: 6046:Prime minister 6043: 6041:Vice president 6038: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6013: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5990: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5932: 5921: 5910: 5899: 5888: 5877: 5866: 5855: 5844: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5795:European Union 5792: 5790:United Nations 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5674:Urban planning 5671: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5593: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5444:Prime minister 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5369:Traffic lights 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5288:Theoreticians: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5273:Fundamentalism 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5238:Egalitarianism 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5117: 5112: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4807: 4806:External links 4804: 4803: 4802: 4796: 4779: 4778: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4726: 4706: 4681: 4654: 4643: 4621: 4592: 4581: 4570: 4542: 4529:whitehouse.gov 4516: 4497: 4478: 4448: 4411: 4394:Michael Levy, 4387: 4364: 4341: 4326: 4313:(3): 443–464. 4293: 4266: 4236: 4194: 4164: 4134: 4112: 4082: 4052: 4025: 3995: 3965: 3926: 3909: 3884: 3851: 3826: 3801: 3769: 3744: 3719: 3689: 3667:whitehouse.gov 3653: 3642: 3607: 3582: 3560: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3452:U.S. territory 3449: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3423: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3372:Federal courts 3369: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3357: 3355:Line-item veto 3352: 3345: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3248:municipalities 3122: 3119: 3003:Main article: 3000: 2997: 2981:Main article: 2978: 2975: 2928:Main article: 2925: 2922: 2843: 2840: 2751:U.S. Tax Court 2668: 2665: 2645:Main article: 2642: 2639: 2533: 2530: 2468:Main article: 2465: 2464:Vice president 2462: 2399: 2396: 2367:vice president 2352: 2349: 2341:agenda-setting 2242: 2239: 2226:U.S. president 2192: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2176:vice president 2168: 2161: 2160: 2147: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2109:vice president 2105:25th Amendment 2101: 2094: 2091: 2085: 2061:Main article: 2058: 2055: 1983:Main article: 1980: 1977: 1969:118th Congress 1960: 1957: 1945:Andrew Johnson 1933:Main article: 1930: 1927: 1874:federal judges 1865: 1862: 1853: 1850: 1827:American Samoa 1823:Virgin Islands 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1729:Main article: 1726: 1723: 1719:can invalidate 1692:states' rights 1665:Main article: 1662: 1659: 1645:. Because the 1614: 1611: 1588:federal courts 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1462: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1429:European Union 1426: 1424:United Kingdom 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1333: 1332: 1321: 1320: 1318:Antony Blinken 1310: 1309: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1287:Superior Court 1284: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1154:Libertarianism 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1107:Traditionalist 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 995: 994: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 962:American Samoa 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 907:South Carolina 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 872:North Carolina 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 707: 706: 699: 698: 697: 696: 686: 681: 676: 669: 668: 662: 657: 656: 653: 652: 649: 648: 639: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 603: 597: 596: 587: 586: 581: 576: 571: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 543: 542: 533: 532: 524: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 505: 500: 493: 492: 486: 485: 477: 476: 469: 468: 460: 459: 452: 451: 443: 438: 437: 434: 433: 430: 429: 419: 418: 408: 407: 397: 396: 386: 385: 376: 375: 369: 368: 357: 356: 346: 345: 335: 334: 324: 323: 302: 301: 293: 288: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 274: 269: 263: 262: 254: 249: 248: 245: 244: 234: 233: 223: 222: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 107: 106: 95: 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 59: 55: 54: 49: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12366: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12215: 12209: 12208:United States 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12089: 12080: 12075: 12073: 12068: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12019: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11937:Child custody 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11870: 11869:State supreme 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11858: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11830: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11797:United States 11795:Courts of the 11792: 11787: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11724: 11719: 11717: 11712: 11710: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11689: 11686: 11683: 11682: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11612:Jacob Shallus 11610: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11596: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11580: 11576: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11548:Pierce Butler 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11533:John Rutledge 11531: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11491:James Madison 11489: 11487: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11460:James McHenry 11458: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11415: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11388:George Clymer 11386: 11384: 11383:Robert Morris 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11364: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11317: 11311: 11310:Roger Sherman 11308: 11306: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11296: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11277:Massachusetts 11275: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256:New Hampshire 11254: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11182:Plenary power 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11152:Equal footing 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11108: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11073:Trial by Jury 11071: 11069: 11066: 11063: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10926:Ineligibility 10924: 10922: 10921:Import-Export 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10876:Free Exercise 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10866: 10865:Ex Post Facto 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10849:Establishment 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10799:Confrontation 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10738: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10682:Syng inkstand 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10637:Virginia Plan 10635: 10634: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10564:School Prayer 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10483: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10440: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10240: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10178: 10173: 10171: 10166: 10164: 10159: 10158: 10155: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10080:West Virginia 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9985:New Hampshire 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9945:Massachusetts 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9832: 9825: 9820: 9818: 9813: 9811: 9806: 9805: 9802: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9772: 9769: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9729: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9664:Energy policy 9662: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9606: 9605:incarceration 9603: 9602: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9586: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9513: 9510: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9490:Prenatal care 9488: 9486: 9485:Birth control 9483: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9422:Homeownership 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9145:working class 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9105:homeownership 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8885:Manufacturing 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8813:Third parties 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8731: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8558: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8359: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8327: 8322: 8318: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8180:U.S. attorney 8178: 8176: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8125:Chief Justice 8123: 8122: 8121: 8120:Supreme Court 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8025:Public policy 8023: 8021: 8020:Civil service 8018: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7688:Sierra Nevada 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7626:insular zones 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7497:War on Terror 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7477:LGBT Movement 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7133: 7132:United States 7126: 7121: 7119: 7114: 7112: 7107: 7106: 7103: 7085: 7084: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7037:Public sector 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6962:Job guarantee 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6914:Public toilet 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6904:Public school 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6799:Oil & gas 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6739:Civil service 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6698:Public rights 6696: 6694: 6693:Public policy 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6673:Public health 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6663:Public domain 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6583: 6578: 6576: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6555: 6547: 6545: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6514:mental health 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135:public safety 6129: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6011: 6006: 6004: 5999: 5997: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5939: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5906: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5884: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Human history 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751:International 5749: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5510: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5424:Head of state 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5283:Progressivism 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5130:Collaborative 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5075:Republicanism 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5005:Confederation 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909:Unitary state 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4853: 4851: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4710: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4631: 4625: 4609: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4574: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4530: 4526: 4525:"The Cabinet" 4520: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4368: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4345: 4337: 4330: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4297: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4130: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3969: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3869: 3862: 3855: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3685: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3284:Massachusetts 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095:payroll taxes 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3077:Residents of 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2944: 2936: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906:Erie Doctrine 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2889:Erie Doctrine 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371:running mates 2368: 2364: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2308:Article II's 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259:head of state 2256: 2252: 2248: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2177: 2171: 2170:Kamala Harris 2165: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2134: 2130: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:Supreme Court 2012: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1909:, which have 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1777: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1715:Supreme Court 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1677:republicanism 1674: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1619: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543:, five major 1542: 1538: 1537:North America 1534: 1530: 1529:United States 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434:Latin America 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1174:Republicanism 1172: 1170: 1169:Protectionism 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1124:Progressivism 1122: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037:Third parties 1035: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1005: 1003: 998: 997: 993: 992: 988: 987: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 947:West Virginia 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 852:New Hampshire 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 812:Massachusetts 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 709: 705: 702: 701: 695: 692: 691: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 667: 664: 663: 660: 655: 654: 647: 646: 642: 641: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 611: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 595: 594: 590: 589: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 541: 538: 537:Chief Justice 535: 534: 531: 530: 526: 525: 522: 517: 516: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 479: 478: 474: 473:Kamala Harris 471: 470: 467: 466: 462: 461: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 445: 444: 441: 436: 435: 427: 424: 421: 420: 416: 415:Chuck Schumer 413: 410: 409: 405: 402: 399: 398: 394: 393:Kamala Harris 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 379: 378: 374: 371: 370: 366: 362: 359: 358: 354: 351: 348: 347: 343: 342:Steve Scalise 340: 337: 336: 332: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 317: 316: 314: 312: 307: 300: 299: 295: 294: 291: 286: 285: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 247: 246: 240: 236: 235: 232: 231:United States 225: 224: 221: 218: 217: 210: 207: 203: 200: 199:Supreme Court 197: 193: 188: 185: 182: 178: 175: 172: 168: 165: 162: 158: 155: 152: 148: 145: 142: 138: 133: 130: 127: 125:Meeting place 123: 120: 117: 113: 108: 104: 96: 92: 89:United States 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 60: 56: 52: 47: 42: 36: 32: 25: 23: 12313:Sint Maarten 12293:Saint Martin 11999:Human rights 11920:Types of law 11861:State courts 11761:Civil rights 11679: 11671: 11604: 11403:James Wilson 11366:Pennsylvania 11263:John Langdon 11021:Speedy Trial 10863: 10754:Appointments 10688: 10471:Equal Rights 10367:20th century 10137:Puerto Rico 10045:South Dakota 10035:Rhode Island 10030:Pennsylvania 10010:North Dakota 9706:Human rights 9686:Gun politics 9637:Islamophobia 9627:antisemitism 9495:Hospice care 9437:Middle class 9417:Homelessness 9394:Social class 9354:Social class 9218:Human rights 9208:Homelessness 9120:middle class 9085:Demographics 9060:Architecture 8967:Unemployment 8947:Labor unions 8695:Town meeting 8672:City council 8667:City manager 8408:State police 8270:Marine Corps 8260:Armed Forces 8235:civil rights 8215:Constitution 7883: 7787:Southwestern 7782:Southeastern 7772:Northwestern 7767:Northeastern 7732:Mid-Atlantic 7722:Great Plains 7440:World War II 7323:Constitution 7227:Colonial era 7206:2008–present 7081: 7069: 7022:Public float 6957:Job creation 6909:Public space 6836:Public works 6713:Public value 6708:Public trust 5941:}} 5935:{{ 5930:}} 5924:{{ 5919:}} 5913:{{ 5908:}} 5902:{{ 5897:}} 5891:{{ 5886:}} 5880:{{ 5875:}} 5869:{{ 5864:}} 5858:{{ 5853:}} 5847:{{ 5842:}} 5836:{{ 5830: 5826:Civilization 5779: 5757: 5727: 5717: 5702: 5663: 5635:Civil rights 5629: 5614: 5596: 5564: 5544: 5540:Town meeting 5524: 5473: 5448: 5418: 5404:Constitution 5398: 5363: 5343: 5287: 5233:Distributism 5218:Conservatism 5203:Collectivism 5171:Philosophies 5145:Cosmopolitan 5140:Conservative 5106: 4979: 4970:Govt systems 4964: 4944:Municipality 4923: 4787: 4770: 4749:. 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