5441:
position in anthropology as a discipline. Knowledge about diversities in human culture can be important in addressing environmental problems - anthropology is now a study of human ecology. Human activity is the most important agent in creating environmental change, a study commonly found in human ecology which can claim a central place in how environmental problems are examined and addressed. Other ways anthropology contributes to environmental discourse is by being theorists and analysts, or by refinement of definitions to become more neutral/universal, etc. In exploring environmentalism - the term typically refers to a concern that the environment should be protected, particularly from the harmful effects of human activities. Environmentalism itself can be expressed in many ways. Anthropologists can open the doors of environmentalism by looking beyond industrial society, understanding the opposition between industrial and non-industrial relationships, knowing what ecosystem people and biosphere people are and are affected by, dependent and independent variables, "primitive" ecological wisdom, diverse environments, resource management, diverse cultural traditions, and knowing that environmentalism is a part of culture.
5507:
1228:
anthropology departments have come into existence, and anthropology has also diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. The organization has also reached a global level. For example, the World
Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.
5437:
interest in non-industrial indigenous and traditional societies. Anthropological theory is distinct because of the consistent presence of the concept of culture; not an exclusive topic but a central position in the study and a deep concern with the human condition. Milton describes three trends that are causing a fundamental shift in what characterizes anthropology: dissatisfaction with the cultural relativist perspective, reaction against cartesian dualisms which obstructs progress in theory (nature culture divide), and finally an increased attention to globalization (transcending the barriers or time/space).
5428:. Many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, century anthropology and more. The focus and data interpretation is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporate exploitation and damage of land. Often, the observer has become an active part of the struggle either directly (organizing, participation) or indirectly (articles, documentaries, books, ethnographies). Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park.
4977:, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more "complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels. Firstly, anthropologists continued to study
993:
1739:
1425:...anthropology is perhaps the last of the great nineteenth-century conglomerate disciplines still for the most part organizationally intact. Long after natural history, moral philosophy, philology, and political economy have dissolved into their specialized successors, it has remained a diffuse assemblage of ethnology, human biology, comparative linguistics, and prehistory, held together mainly by the vested interests, sunk costs, and administrative habits of academia, and by a romantic image of comprehensive scholarship.
7124:(ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous. The "Principles of Professional Responsibility" issued by the American Anthropological Association and amended through November 1986 stated that "in relation with their own government and with host governments ... no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given." The current "Principles of Professional Responsibility" does not make explicit mention of ethics surrounding state interactions.
2841:
these areas was concerned with the "pre-capitalist" societies that were subject to evolutionary "tribal" stereotypes. Sahlin's work on hunter-gatherers as the "original affluent society" did much to dissipate that image. The second area was concerned with the vast majority of the world's population at the time, the peasantry, many of whom were involved in complex revolutionary wars such as in
Vietnam. The third area was on colonialism, imperialism, and the creation of the capitalist
12128:
6591:" closer to their homes. There are two main approaches to urban anthropology: examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.
12092:
12117:
7347:
7152:
application â it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology. In summary, while we stress that constructive engagement between anthropology and the military is possible, CEAUSSIC suggests that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers and that it further recognize the problem of allowing HTS to define the meaning of 'anthropology' within DoD.
6792:
2161:
1605:
2917:
1572:
12104:
2818:) as an alternative to market exchange. Economic Anthropology remains, for the most part, focused upon exchange. The school of thought derived from Marx and known as Political Economy focuses on production, in contrast. Economic anthropologists have abandoned the primitivist niche they were relegated to by economists, and have now turned to examine corporations, banks, and the
69:
1550:, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
1156:
from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization, as well as ethnology, are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men".
3671:) that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge. Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose perspectives and experiences can differ from those of white feminists of Europe, America, and elsewhere. From the perspective of the
3675:, historically such 'peripheral' perspectives have been ignored, observed only from an outsider perspective, and regarded as less-valid or less-important than knowledge from the Western world. Exploring and addressing that double bias against women from marginalized racial or ethnic groups is of particular interest in
875:, often termed as "anthropology of the past," studies human activity through investigation of physical evidence. It is considered a branch of anthropology in North America and Asia, while in Europe, archaeology is viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, such as history and
6858:(EASA) which serves as a major professional organization for anthropologists working in Europe. The EASA seeks to advance the status of anthropology in Europe and to increase visibility of marginalized anthropological traditions and thereby contribute to the project of a global anthropology or world anthropology.
7030:, which has an influence on all the sub-fields of anthropology. This is the notion that cultures should not be judged by another's values or viewpoints, but be examined dispassionately on their own terms. There should be no notions, in good anthropology, of one culture being better or worse than another culture.
3636:". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. Within kinship you have two different families. People have their biological families and it is the people they share DNA with. This is called
5477:
that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography,
4143:
Medical anthropology is an interdisciplinary field which studies "human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation". It is believed that
William Caudell was the first to discover the field of medical anthropology. Currently, research in medical anthropology is one of the main
2886:
perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those working in development so willing to disregard history and the
2840:
to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture. Three main areas of interest rapidly developed. The first of
1218:
During the last three decades of the 19th century, a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the
5423:
and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments, and how their environments change across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of the ethnographies and cultural fieldworks of today,
2805:
Economic anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope. It has a complex relationship with the discipline of economics, of which it is highly critical. Its origins as a sub-field of anthropology begin with the Polish-British founder of
2207:
Ethnomusicology is an academic field encompassing various approaches to the study of music (broadly defined), that emphasize its cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts instead of or in addition to its isolated sound component or any particular repertoire.
5440:
Environmental discourse appears to be characterized by a high degree of globalization. (The troubling problem is borrowing non-indigenous practices and creating standards, concepts, philosophies and practices in western countries.) Anthropology and environmental discourse now have become a distinct
2859:
Applied anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. It is a "complex of related, research-based, instrumental methods which produce change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data,
2172:
as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The types of ethnographic contexts explored range from contexts of media production (e.g., ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production) to contexts of media
7334:
Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North
Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the
7165:
British 'social anthropology' and
American 'cultural anthropology' were still distinct traditions. After the war, enough British and American anthropologists borrowed ideas and methodological approaches from one another that some began to speak of them collectively as 'sociocultural' anthropology.
7108:
Attempts to accuse anthropologists of complicity with the CIA and government intelligence activities during the
Vietnam War years have turned up little. Many anthropologists (students and teachers) were active in the antiwar movement. Numerous resolutions condemning the war in all its aspects were
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could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have
3682:
Feminist anthropologists have stated that their publications have contributed to anthropology, along the way correcting against the systemic biases beginning with the "patriarchal origins of anthropology (and (academia)" and note that from 1891 to 1930 doctorates in anthropology went to males more
1600:
is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices.
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When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment â all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its
5019:
Public anthropology was created by Robert
Borofsky, a professor at Hawaii Pacific University, to "demonstrate the ability of anthropology and anthropologists to effectively address problems beyond the discipline â illuminating larger social issues of our times as well as encouraging broad, public
4167:
Other subjects that have become central to medical anthropology worldwide are violence and social suffering (Farmer, 1999, 2003; Beneduce, 2010) as well as other issues that involve physical and psychological harm and suffering that are not a result of illness. On the other hand, there are fields
2133:
One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the
Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a
1638:
across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural
1444:
traditions that had largely informed the discipline. During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this
1155:
Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man
4981:
and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere (as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization). Secondly, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and on the relationship between formal and informal
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distinguishes ethnography from anthropology arguing that anthropology tries to construct general theories of human experience, applicable in general and novel settings, while ethnography concerns itself with fidelity. He argues that the anthropologist must make his writing consistent with their
1227:
Anthropology as a specialized field of academic study developed much through the end of the 19th century. Then it rapidly expanded beginning in the early 20th century to the point where many of the world's higher educational institutions typically included anthropology departments. Thousands of
7182:
In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. These dynamic relationships, between what can be observed on the ground, as
7195:
and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork." On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or
5436:
Social sciences, like anthropology, can provide interdisciplinary approaches to the environment. Professor Kay Milton, Director of the
Anthropology research network in the School of History and Anthropology, describes anthropology as distinctive, with its most distinguishing feature being its
1582:
Biological anthropology and physical anthropology are synonymous terms to describe anthropological research focused on the study of humans and non-human primates in their biological, evolutionary, and demographic dimensions. It examines the biological and social factors that have affected the
10873:
See the many essays relating to this in Prem Poddar and David
Johnson, Historical Companion to Postcolonial Thought in English, Edinburgh University Press, 2004. See also Prem Poddar et al., Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures â Continental Europe and its Empires, Edinburgh
7085:
Anthropologists' involvement with the U.S. government, in particular, has caused bitter controversy within the discipline. Franz Boas publicly objected to US participation in World War I, and after the war he published a brief exposé and condemnation of the participation of several American
7563:
points out, the French society was by no means the first to include anthropology or parts of it as its topic. Previous organizations used other names. The German Anthropological Association of St. Petersburg, however, met first in 1861, but due to the death of its founder never met
4996:
Legal anthropology or anthropology of law specializes in "the cross-cultural study of social ordering". Earlier legal anthropological research often focused more narrowly on conflict management, crime, sanctions, or formal regulation. More recent applications include issues such as
6643:. A major focus of anthrozoologic research is the quantifying of the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of their interactions. It includes scholars from a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy.
1495:
and history. In that, it helps develop an understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.
7582:"It seems to be one of the postulates of modern anthropology that there is complete continuity between magic and religion. ... We have no empirical evidence at all that there ever was an age of magic that has been followed and superseded by an age of religion."
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as well as the United States, and thereby tried to improve the way black life, experiences, and culture were studied. However, Zora Neale Hurston, although often primarily considered to be a literary author, was trained in anthropology by Franz Boas, and published
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account of phenomena and tends to be highly empirical. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular place, problem or phenomenon in detail, using a variety of methods, over a more extensive period than normal in many parts of academia.
6777:. A forensic anthropologist can assist in the identification of deceased individuals whose remains are decomposed, burned, mutilated or otherwise unrecognizable. The adjective "forensic" refers to the application of this subfield of science to a court of law.
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associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people.
7199:
Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the
6540:
The anthropology of religion involves the study of religious institutions in relation to other social institutions, and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. Modern anthropology assumes that there is complete continuity between
4206:, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and
1219:
gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898, 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology.
1601:
Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.
1092:, started making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, and were beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them then. For them, the publication of
2134:
significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts. To surmount this difficulty, anthropologists of art have focused on formal features in objects which, without exclusively being 'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities. Boas'
2211:
Ethnomusicology can be used in a wide variety of fields, such as teaching, politics, cultural anthropology etc. While the origins of ethnomusicology date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, it was formally termed "ethnomusicology" by Dutch scholar
2860:
initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy". Applied anthropology is the practical side of anthropological research; it includes researcher involvement and activism within the participating community. It is closely related to
1394:, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity, such as by
7186:
Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population
1503:, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of
6987:
As the field has matured it has debated and arrived at ethical principles aimed at protecting both the subjects of anthropological research as well as the researchers themselves, and professional societies have generated codes of ethics.
2266:. Visual representations from all cultures, such as sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphs, paintings, and photographs are included in the focus of visual anthropology.
1136:, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech. He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called
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or "blood ties". People can also have a chosen family in which they chose who they want to be a part of their family. In some cases, people are closer with their chosen family more than with their biological families.
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Schroll, M. A., & Schwartz, S. A. (2005). "Whither Psi and Anthropology? An Incomplete History of SAC's Origins, Its Relationship with Transpersonal Psychology and the Untold Stories of Castaneda's Controversy".
7076:
To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.
1206:
in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionists. One notable exception was the
7147:. In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities (CEAUSSIC) released its final report concluding, in part, that:
7284:
Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of
8765:
1491:(how one's culture affects the experience for self and group, contributing to a more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to
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as well, since mapping cultures is central to both sciences. By making comparisons across cultural traditions (time-based) and cultural regions (space-based), anthropologists have developed various kinds of
6998:
That the discipline grew out of colonialism, perhaps was in league with it, and derives some of its key notions from it, consciously or not. (See, for example, Gough, Pels and Salemink, but cf. Lewis 2004).
7548:
L'Anthropologie, c'est à dire la science qui traite de l'homme, est divisée ordinairment & avec raison en l'Anatomie, qui considere le corps & les parties, et en la Psychologie, qui parle de l'Ame
7335:
focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people; increasingly, research is set in settings such as scientific laboratories, social movements, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses.
7012:
critiqued older anthropological works that presented other cultures as if they were strange and unusual. While the findings of those researchers should not be discarded, the field should learn from its
6861:
Hundreds of other organizations exist in the various sub-fields of anthropology, sometimes divided up by nation or region, and many anthropologists work with collaborators in other disciplines, such as
4295:
of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.
1175:, which henceforward would follow the path of the new anthropology rather than just ethnology. It was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence. Representatives from the French
7301:" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.
1028:
Anthropology, that is to say the science that treats of man, is divided ordinarily and with reason into Anatomy, which considers the body and the parts, and Psychology, which speaks of the soul.
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political institutions). An anthropology of the state developed, and it is a most thriving field today. Geertz's comparative work on "Negara", the Balinese state, is an early, famous example.
1208:
1900:
8030:
On varieties of cultural relativism in anthropology, see Spiro, Melford E. (1987) "Some Reflections on Cultural Determinism and Relativism with Special Reference to Emotion and Reason," in
7829:
The Saturday Lectures, Delivered in the Lecture-room of the U. S. National Museum under the Auspices of the Anthropological and Biological Societies of Washington in March and April 1882
38:
7560:
6991:
Anthropologists, like other researchers (especially historians and scientists engaged in field research), have over time assisted state policies and projects, especially colonialism.
6677:
human biological differences lead to cultural differences. After World War II the emphasis began to shift toward an effort to explore the role culture plays in shaping human biology.
4072:
5397:. The field is new, and thus has a variety of names with a variety of emphases. These include techno-anthropology, digital ethnography, cyberanthropology, and virtual anthropology.
2146:(1982) or Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' (1983) are some examples in this trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'.
7121:
2781:
7105:'s work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.
7183:
opposed to what can be observed by compiling many local observations remain fundamental in any kind of anthropology, whether cultural, biological, linguistic or archaeological.
4904:
4257:. It also examines how the understanding of cognition, emotion, motivation, and similar psychological processes inform or constrain our models of cultural and social processes.
1885:
10701:
1080:
Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. Theorists in diverse fields such as
8135:
1684:
though an ethnographer may also draw from texts written by participants of in social interactions. Ethnography views first-hand experience and social context as important.
6960:
6955:
6920:
6847:
Contemporary anthropology is an established science with academic departments at most universities and colleges. The single largest organization of anthropologists is the
1036:
in 1839 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the
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7174:
There are several characteristics that tend to unite anthropological work. One of the central characteristics is that anthropology tends to provide a comparatively more
3537:
11250:
12667:
8754:
2258:, visual anthropology also encompasses the anthropological study of visual representation, including areas such as performance, museums, art, and the production and
4291:) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and
10303:
10679:
10604:
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involves the systematic comparison of different cultures. The process of participant-observation can be especially helpful to understanding a culture from an
6723:
with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary anthropology is concerned with both biological and cultural evolution of humans, past and present. It is based on a
7304:
Now there exist many works focusing on peoples and topics very close to the author's "home". It is also argued that other fields of study, like History and
4590:
2887:
lessons it might offer? Why is development so externally driven rather than having an internal basis? In short, why does so much planned development fail?
2774:
9896:
Kelso, Janet; PÀÀbo, Svante; Meyer, Matthias; PrĂŒfer, Kay; Reich, David; Patterson, Nick; Slatkin, Montgomery; Nickel, Birgit; Nagel, Sarah (March 2018).
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7515:, includes the passage "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology."
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6521:
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7065:. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies, to genes, to
4321:. However, the field differs from mainstream transpersonal psychology in taking more cognizance of cross-cultural issues â for instance, the roles of
4157:
The interaction of social, environmental and biological factors which influence health and illness both in the individual and the community as a whole
10111:
7327:
3577:
1798:
1215:, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
5385:
Digital anthropology is the study of the relationship between humans and digital-era technology and extends to various areas where anthropology and
1553:
Comparison across cultures is a key element of method in sociocultural anthropology, including the industrialized (and de-industrialized) West. The
9163:
9068:
8964:
7754:
Institutions anatomiques de Gaspar Bartholin, augmentées et enrichies pour la seconde fois tant des opinions et observations nouvelles des modernes
7220:
help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past. Anthropologists and geographers share approaches to
4949:
7573:
Hunt's choice of theorists does not exclude the numerous other theorists that were beginning to publish a large volume of anthropological studies.
2845:. More recently, these political economists have more directly addressed issues of industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism around the world.
2767:
1102:
was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect. Darwin himself arrived at his conclusions through comparison of species he had seen in
7281:, it is difficult to characterize the entire field in a brief article, although attempts to write histories of the entire field have been made.
1691:
understanding of literature and other theory but notes that ethnography may be of use to the anthropologists and the fields inform one another.
8580:
7001:
That ethnographic work is often ahistorical, writing about people as if they were "out of time" in an "ethnographic present" (Johannes Fabian,
6940:
6855:
4607:
4237:
within a particular cultural group â with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories â shape processes of human
4119:
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than 85%, more than 81% were under 35, and only 7.2% to anyone over 40 years old, thus reflecting an age gap in the pursuit of anthropology by
1358:
in 1783). It is sometimes referred to as sociocultural anthropology in the parts of the world that were influenced by the European tradition.
12532:
2109:
9322:
5324:
4160:
The critical analysis of interaction between psychiatric services and migrant populations ("critical ethnopsychiatry": Beneduce 2004, 2007)
1129:. His definition now became "the study of the human group, considered as a whole, in its details, and in relation to the rest of nature".
1041:
9677:
9283:
3508:
1152:, 1859â1864. The title was soon translated as "The Anthropology of Primitive Peoples". The last two volumes were published posthumously.
9779:
9649:
7685:
7127:
Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan.
1372:
Anthropology is a global discipline involving humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from
10168:
9828:
6072:
5828:
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1037:
7093:(Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example,
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9049:
LeVine, R. A., Norman, K. (2001). "The infant's acquisition of culture: Early attachment reexamined in anthropological perspective".
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10634:
8132:
11024:. Translated by J. Frederick Collingwood for the Anthropological Society of London. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
4897:
756:
10658:
10053:
9507:
9464:
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8116:
6827:
bones and footprints. Genetics and morphology of specimens are crucially important to this field. Markers on specimens, such as
1583:
evolution of humans and other primates, and that generate, maintain or change contemporary genetic and physiological variation.
1402:. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as
9897:
6514:
5482:, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.
2342:
809:
1436:
and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an
12619:
12604:
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9542:
9409:
9378:
9353:
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9874:
7629:
7110:
6965:
6950:
6910:
6848:
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4942:
3746:
Feminist anthropology is inclusive of the anthropology of birth as a specialization, which is the anthropological study of
3520:
1203:
1109:
Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences.
10943:
AbélÚs, Marc. "How the Anthropology of France Has Changed Anthropology in France: Assessing New Directions in the Field".
6930:
6903:
5506:
5415:
to environments". The sub-field is also defined as, "the study of relationships between a population of humans and their
2815:
2337:
1844:
781:
673:
8895:
Trefzer, Annette (28 November 2023). "Possessing the Self: Caribbean Identities in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse".
8681:
Economic Anthropology in View of the Global Financial Crisis, in The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Human Sciences
7134:
6975:
6274:
5848:
4112:
3529:
2607:
2224:
1266:, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques. This has been particularly prominent in the United States, from
1045:
938:
42:
10693:
AAA Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities (14 October 2009).
10295:
8044:
Heyck, Thomas William; Stocking, George W.; Goody, Jack (1997). "After Tylor: British Social Anthropology 1888â1951".
12557:
10931:
10848:
10827:
10781:
10760:
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10596:
10410:
10180:
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9689:
9266:
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6507:
4871:
2831:
2629:
2347:
2102:
1933:
1890:
1870:
1199:
1183:, Hunt stressed the work of Waitz, adopting his definitions as a standard. Among the first associates were the young
1172:
1070:
718:
631:
337:
11295:—— (2005). "Anthropology, the Cold War, and Intellectual History". In Darnell, R.; Gleach, F.W. (eds.).
10544:"The anti-imperialist tradition in North American anthropology: Vietnam, the Left Academy, and the founding of ARPA"
10329:
1578:
can help identify skeletonized human remains, such as these found lying in scrub in Western Australia, c. 1900â1910.
1445:
difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
12108:
6970:
5317:
5201:
4044:
3887:
3563:
1118:
1085:
10839:
Stocking, George (1992) "Paradigmatic Traditions in the History of Anthropology", pp. 342â361 in George Stocking,
10507:
Price, David H. (1 June 1998). "Cold war anthropology: Collaborators and victims of the national security state".
12662:
12510:
12044:
10945:
9236:
7361:
5561:
5285:
4935:
4310:
2613:
2015:
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10230:
7956:
7625:
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12001:
11655:
11496:
8485:
Atkinson, Paul; Coffey, Amanda; Delamont, Sara; Lofland, Lyn; Lofland, John; Lofland, Professor Lyn H. (2001).
8442:
7529:
7089:
But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the
6935:
5938:
5353:
5137:
4733:
4058:
2279:
2181:, as well as ethnographies of other areas of research which happen to involve media, such as development work,
1554:
1168:
1066:
738:
521:
8363:
4168:
that intersect with medical anthropology in terms of research methodology and theoretical production, such as
12710:
11608:
11464:
7129:
6915:
6166:
5711:
4572:
4105:
4079:
4025:
3872:
3305:
2597:
2185:, or health education. This is in addition to many classic ethnographic contexts, where media such as radio,
2000:
1880:
1511:. As a methodology, ethnography is based upon long-term fieldwork within a community or other research site.
1507:. Ethnography can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research, i.e. an ethnographic
1195:, a geologist. Previously Edward had referred to himself as an ethnologist; subsequently, an anthropologist.
1164:
1062:
1055:
771:
761:
21:
4225:
Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of
1179:
were present, though not Broca. In his keynote address, printed in the first volume of its new publication,
11949:
11859:
11444:
11036:
8338:
7745:
7427:
7315:, but this is increasingly changing, starting in the 1970s from scholars like Isac Chiva and journals like
7102:
7094:
5646:
4443:
3347:
2899:
2095:
766:
359:
10036:
6773:
in a legal setting, most often in criminal cases where the victim's remains are in the advanced stages of
3612:
themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "
12568:
11501:
7500:
6720:
5310:
3882:
3394:
2877:
2865:
2702:
2649:
2372:
2296:
2229:
1938:
1631:
621:
536:
449:
312:
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8407:
1258:
or experiential immersion in the area of research. Cultural anthropology, in particular, has emphasized
11428:"Interviews with German Anthropologists: Video Portal for the History of German Anthropology post 1945"
7475:
7442:
7421:
5230:
4304:
4220:
3892:
3857:
3847:
3780:
3020:
1895:
1875:
1462:
1429:
1355:
1333:
1054:, was formed in 1839 and focused on methodically studying human races. After the death of its founder,
1009:
858:
802:
776:
419:
399:
327:
11204:
Einbildungskraft und Mythologie. Die VerschrÀnkung von Anthropologie und Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert
7120:. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The
1121:, meeting for the first time in Paris in 1859. When he read Darwin, he became an immediate convert to
12672:
12624:
11763:
11491:
8557:
7098:
6686:
6387:
6244:
5059:
4560:
3877:
2602:
2547:
2327:
2040:
1803:
492:
231:
166:
10112:"Final Report of the Commission to Review the AAA Statements on Ethics â Participate & Advocate"
4144:
growth areas in the field of anthropology as a whole. It focuses on the following six basic fields:
12657:
12306:
12159:
12096:
11944:
11934:
11731:
11457:
9590:
Environmentalism and Cultural Theory; Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse
7409:
7208:, of particular use in archaeology. Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as
7116:
Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the
6652:
6623:(also known as "humanâanimal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is an
6535:
6136:
5988:
5601:
5498:
4318:
4314:
4189:
4065:
3842:
3274:
2861:
2644:
2639:
1114:
1098:
1013:
703:
693:
683:
658:
579:
409:
251:
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176:
6587:" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "
1032:
Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by
996:
12127:
11906:
11794:
11689:
10897:
7480:
7469:
7385:
7238:
7192:
6674:
6666:
6604:
6319:
6269:
6050:
5883:
5671:
5456:
5416:
5406:
5225:
4861:
4624:
4284:
3668:
3660:
2819:
2367:
1851:
1681:
1634:) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in
1627:
1622:
1566:
1512:
1344:
1310:
1255:
1141:
987:
866:
862:
728:
594:
526:
442:
322:
214:
151:
116:
106:
84:
79:
10401:
Goodman, Allan (1995). "The Problematics of "Race" in Contemporary Biological Anthropology." In
9401:
9395:
9306:
8034:. Edited by B. Kilborne and L.L. Langness, pp. 32â58. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7436: â topic within evolutionary biology, anthropology, prehistory and palaeolithic archaeology
6854:
In 1989, a group of European and American scholars in the field of anthropology established the
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2712:
1236:
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12016:
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11564:
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field, drawing on many lines of evidence to understand the human experience, past and present.
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6091:
5686:
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4968:
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4428:
4359:
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302:
241:
12683:
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tends to dominate. In the United States, anthropology has traditionally been divided into the
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11939:
11929:
11891:
11864:
11826:
11799:
11709:
11618:
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11527:
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1327:
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854:
795:
708:
688:
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374:
344:
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236:
186:
111:
52:
11315:
Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists
10163:
9832:
12677:
12652:
12609:
11886:
11726:
11699:
11694:
11591:
11327:. Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century, 18. London; Vermont: Pickering and Chatto.
10807:
Being Humans: Anthropological Universality and Particularity in Transciplinary Perspectives
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7448:
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317:
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181:
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7133:
reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs"
3703:, and anthropology. Feminist anthropologists are often concerned with the construction of
1347:. These fields frequently overlap but tend to use different methodologies and techniques.
8:
12596:
12562:
12527:
12341:
12152:
12066:
12060:
11986:
11901:
11846:
11721:
11586:
11532:
10351:
Marshall, E. (1998). "Cultural Anthropology: DNA Studies Challenge the Meaning of Race".
9179:
Being Changed by Cross-cultural Encounters: The Anthropology of Extraordinary Experiences
7217:
7144:
7027:
6851:(AAA), which was founded in 1903. Its members are anthropologists from around the globe.
6636:
6493:
6333:
6111:
6043:
5933:
5412:
5343:
5296:
5215:
5087:
5014:
4921:
4091:
3684:
3549:
3222:
3045:
3040:
2753:
2737:
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reception, following audiences in their everyday responses to media. Other types include
2128:
2081:
1953:
1948:
1823:
1730:
1712:
1535:
1500:
1472:
1458:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1259:
1081:
850:
713:
546:
429:
404:
307:
297:
277:
121:
10364:
9916:
9503:
8715:
8576:
7922:
1148:, took up the theme of general and social anthropology in his six-volume work, entitled
12547:
12515:
12316:
12301:
12011:
11576:
11283:
10954:
10626:
10571:
10563:
10384:
10222:
10016:
9949:
9758:
9750:
9620:
9531:
9456:
9093:
9087:
9026:
9001:
8912:
8219:
8169:
8069:
7724:
7512:
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7286:
7226:
6786:
6732:
6558:
6299:
6190:
5948:
5723:
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5186:
5054:
4991:
4974:
4856:
4758:
4688:
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4414:
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4280:
3608:
the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to
3479:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3186:
2672:
2624:
2174:
2155:
2025:
2010:
1656:
1399:
898:
733:
424:
369:
141:
8302:
the traditional anthropological project of cross-cultural or cross-societal comparison
4194:
Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between
2168:
Media anthropology (also known as the anthropology of media or mass media) emphasizes
1475:. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people
12412:
12395:
12321:
12311:
12263:
11981:
11976:
11964:
11959:
11831:
11821:
11741:
11684:
11628:
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10844:
10823:
10777:
10756:
10655:
10575:
10524:
10489:
10406:
10376:
10214:
10176:
10094:
10060:
10008:
9988:
9954:
9936:
9864:
9812:
9791:
9762:
9712:
9685:
9538:
9533:
Polluted promises: environmental racism and the search for justice in a southern town
9487:
9426:
9405:
9374:
9349:
9312:
9262:
9197:
9100:
9031:
9013:
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8273:
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7242:
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1923:
1918:
1403:
901:
541:
531:
509:
256:
246:
10388:
10020:
7707:
Burkhart, Louise M. (2003). "Bernardino de Sahagun: First Anthropologist (review)".
5908:
5112:
2836:
Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of
2222:. Later, the influence of study in this area spawned the creation of the periodical
1738:
1058:, in 1842, it gradually declined in activity until it eventually dissolved in 1862.
1044:. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The
1033:
889:
12479:
11996:
11841:
11816:
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11613:
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11242:
10555:
10516:
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10000:
9944:
9928:
9920:
9742:
9612:
9499:
9446:
9438:
9145:
9021:
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8904:
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8572:
8359:
8211:
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6451:
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5394:
5366:
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5147:
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4207:
4195:
3990:
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2070:
2005:
1768:
1640:
1287:
1283:
479:
459:
196:
171:
10520:
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6545:
and religion, and that every religion is a cultural product, created by the human
2193:, and television have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s.
1250:
in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by their emphasis on
12715:
12484:
12474:
12433:
12385:
12236:
12209:
12006:
11773:
11768:
11581:
11019:
11008:
10991:
10922:
10915:
10892:
10751:
Jurmain, Robert; Kilgore, Lynn; Trevathan, Wenda and Ciochon, Russell L. (2007).
10662:
10372:
10172:
10040:
9858:
9854:
9783:
9681:
9653:
9558:
8688:
8486:
8139:
8120:
7824:
7352:
7221:
6828:
6797:
6712:
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6475:
6446:
6436:
6259:
6080:
5943:
5898:
5853:
5843:
5641:
5631:
5556:
5077:
5002:
4866:
4823:
4778:
4763:
4708:
4458:
4390:
4385:
4154:
The integration of alternative medical systems in culturally diverse environments
4000:
3955:
3935:
3915:
3824:
3715:
3688:
3633:
3503:
3459:
3454:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3399:
3315:
3310:
3170:
3069:
3061:
3025:
2677:
2634:
2408:
2312:
2202:
2182:
1995:
1985:
1753:
1725:
1721:
1539:
1437:
1418:
1373:
1295:
1279:
1212:
1137:
992:
968:
723:
663:
640:
389:
28:
6627:
field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology,
1386:, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of
12367:
12351:
12121:
11969:
11881:
11876:
11633:
11554:
11549:
11480:
9640:
8324:
7930:
7596:
7592:
7415:
7397:
7117:
6716:
6600:
6456:
6431:
6304:
5863:
5858:
5236:
5097:
4813:
4803:
4793:
4738:
4531:
4271:
Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural
4005:
3980:
3970:
3727:
3719:
3676:
3625:
3409:
3259:
3191:
3150:
3145:
2945:
2385:
1758:
1411:
1407:
1391:
1383:
1093:
924:
846:
826:
678:
384:
201:
161:
11279:
11246:
10559:
10210:
9989:"Behavioral inferences from the high levels of dental chipping in Homo naledi"
6669:
throughout the first half of the 20th century viewed this relationship from a
5923:
2524:
1254:, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance they place on
12699:
12590:
12072:
12028:
11991:
11921:
11896:
11806:
11704:
11650:
11645:
11186:
One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American anthropology
10528:
10493:
10218:
9940:
9746:
9442:
9017:
8939:
8809:
8529:
8199:
8187:
Understanding Other Religions: Al-Biruni's and Gadamer's "fusion of Horizons"
8065:
7980:
Hylland Eriksen, Thomas. (2004) "What is Anthropology" Pluto. London. p. 79.
7756:. Translated from the Latin by Abr. Du Prat. Paris: M. HĂ©nault et J. HĂ©nault.
7391:
7066:
6894:
and so on, belonging to professional societies in those disciplines as well.
6774:
6662:
6620:
6615:
6580:
6568:
6309:
6126:
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5993:
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5807:
5361:
5117:
5020:
conversations about them with the explicit goal of fostering social change".
4808:
4743:
4703:
4698:
4678:
4566:
4526:
4521:
4507:
4497:
4492:
4395:
4317:, the field is much concerned with altered states of consciousness (ASC) and
4254:
4234:
4203:
4163:
The impact of biomedicine and biomedical technologies in non-Western settings
4015:
3920:
3862:
3707:
across societies. Gender constructs are of particular interest when studying
3687:
until later in life. This correction of systemic bias may include mainstream
3672:
3637:
3617:
3449:
3414:
3254:
3135:
3114:
3010:
2950:
2707:
2697:
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2503:
2465:
2428:
2045:
1639:
processes. Linguistic anthropologists often draw on related fields including
1609:
1433:
1275:
1145:
928:
876:
830:
556:
551:
499:
221:
10440:
7008:
In his article "The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and Its Consequence",
3743:
about her "anthropological observations" of voodoo in the Caribbean (1938).
2246:
Visual anthropology is concerned, in part, with the study and production of
12645:
12640:
12552:
12417:
12405:
11871:
11811:
11559:
10012:
9958:
9149:
9035:
7938:
7677:
7403:
7250:
7054:
6883:
6875:
6824:
6809:
6575:
quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously
6564:
6294:
6227:
5973:
5903:
5666:
5661:
5571:
5474:
5450:
5167:
5157:
5132:
5082:
4998:
4783:
4773:
4768:
4728:
4723:
4673:
4472:
4453:
3985:
3975:
3940:
3731:
3249:
3140:
3099:
3065:
3055:
2960:
2842:
2811:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2530:
2362:
2357:
2332:
2050:
1943:
1830:
1680:
is a method of analysing social or cultural interaction. It often involves
1192:
1133:
1126:
1074:
909:
905:
464:
354:
11397:
Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology
10380:
8473:
Language, culture, and society: an introduction to linguistic anthropology
7906:
7720:
7322:
6412:
1301:
In Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries, the British tradition of
12494:
12462:
12423:
12268:
12194:
12023:
11911:
11836:
11753:
11672:
11665:
11522:
10325:
9704:
9451:
8825:
Researching gender-based violence: embodied and intersectional approaches
7524:
7312:
7311:
In France, the study of Western societies has been traditionally left to
7298:
7290:
7254:
7246:
7201:
7090:
7073:, have been proposed to explain their origins and continued recurrences.
7070:
7058:
7038:
6887:
6839:, can also give insight into the behaviour and diet of past populations.
6832:
6802:
6740:
6728:
6584:
6576:
6572:
6407:
6353:
6284:
6239:
5888:
5802:
5785:
5681:
5651:
5611:
5462:
5245:
5152:
5107:
4753:
4748:
4010:
3945:
3806:
3700:
3696:
3656:
3474:
3352:
3005:
2995:
2508:
2413:
2247:
2169:
2055:
2020:
1928:
1808:
1677:
1672:
1597:
1592:
1504:
1340:
1291:
1073:. These anthropologists of the times were liberal, anti-slavery, and pro-
872:
842:
636:
504:
261:
134:
101:
11134:. Translated by Norbert Guterman. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
10958:
10841:
The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology
10695:
Final Report on The Army's Human Terrain System Proof of Concept Program
10567:
10543:
9924:
9754:
4233:. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and
2269:
1515:
is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology.
1479:
of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the
1159:
Waitz was influential among British ethnologists. In 1863, the explorer
12455:
12380:
12346:
12273:
12258:
12246:
12214:
12175:
12077:
11916:
11758:
11716:
11660:
10910:
10004:
8916:
8293:
8265:
8223:
8173:
8073:
8003:
7907:"Extent of Instruction in Anthropology in Europe and the United States"
7274:
7237:
Because anthropology developed from so many different enterprises (see
7213:
7086:
archaeologists in espionage in Mexico under their cover as scientists.
7050:
6736:
6724:
6658:
6632:
6397:
5893:
5797:
5626:
5621:
5606:
5591:
5581:
5576:
5551:
5541:
5386:
5250:
5162:
5142:
5122:
4645:
4438:
4433:
4334:
4272:
4250:
4246:
4230:
3751:
3419:
3404:
3119:
2213:
2065:
2035:
1990:
1958:
1687:
1644:
1484:
1483:
among individuals and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to
1441:
1232:
1110:
616:
11420:
11343:
Mirrored Images: American Anthropology and American Culture, 1960â1980
10885:
10226:
10194:
9932:
9624:
9460:
9232:
8849:
Women in Anthropology: Autobiographical Narratives and Social History.
8640:
7911:
Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
6131:
1298:
as well as the text that is generated from anthropological fieldwork.
12439:
12428:
12390:
12283:
11851:
11748:
11677:
11571:
11544:
11427:
10484:
10467:
9257:
Dumit, Joseph. Davis-Floyd, Robbie (2001). "Cyborg Anthropology". in
9134:
7952:
7831:. Boston; Washington, DC: D. Lothrop & Co.; Judd & Detweiler.
7305:
7270:
7262:
7258:
7205:
7033:
Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting
6891:
6820:
6770:
6594:
6546:
6470:
6372:
6358:
6289:
6254:
6234:
6215:
6200:
5745:
5656:
5566:
5526:
5352:'s annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to
5255:
5210:
5127:
5102:
4833:
4502:
4405:
4322:
4238:
4199:
3930:
3747:
3735:
3000:
2742:
2460:
2251:
2190:
2186:
1773:
1660:
1652:
1516:
1508:
1492:
1395:
1351:
1089:
1050:
964:
913:
589:
584:
516:
37:
11213:
The rise of anthropological theory: a history of theories of culture
9194:
Praying for Justice: Faith, Order, and Community in an American Town
8908:
8354:
8215:
8165:
8057:
5770:
12467:
12356:
12278:
12224:
12199:
9730:
9616:
8236:
7346:
7266:
7188:
7034:
6791:
6744:
6704:
6628:
6441:
6392:
6382:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6326:
6249:
6180:
6173:
6161:
5780:
5740:
5735:
5479:
4487:
4276:
3897:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2965:
2955:
2476:
1980:
1962:
1635:
1488:
1271:
1117:
to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the
1103:
834:
12116:
11449:
11306:
Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology
11230:
11222:
The Land of Prehistory: A Critical History of American Archaeology
10424:
10054:"American Anthropological Association â Monthly Membership Report"
8868:
Cole, Johnnetta B. (September 1982). "Vera Mae Green, 1928â1982".
7331:, the Anthropological Research Center of Contemporary Societies).
2160:
1538:
is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a
1350:
European countries with overseas colonies tended to practice more
12450:
12400:
12374:
12251:
12204:
11598:
11125:. Translated from the French by John Russell. New York: Atheneum.
11010:
Paul Broca, Founder of French Anthropology, Explorer of the Brain
10665:. CSMonitor.com (7 September 2007). Retrieved on 2 November 2016.
9216:
9002:"Anthropology's Contribution to Public Health Policy Development"
8241:. Durham and London: Duke University Press. pp. Back Cover.
7379:
7209:
7062:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6708:
6640:
6482:
6463:
6419:
6314:
6205:
5531:
5470:
5420:
4409:
4242:
3692:
3613:
3596:
2970:
2908:
1531:
960:
894:
838:
626:
606:
574:
364:
11388:
Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology
9809:
Teaching the Animal: HumanâAnimal Studies Across the Disciplines
9400:(2nd ed.). Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press. p.
8032:
Culture and Human Nature: Theoretical Papers of Melford E. Spiro
7122:
Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth
6691:
Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the
6579:
lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the
5371:
reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.
4148:
The development of systems of medical knowledge and medical care
3758:
Medical, nutritional, psychological, cognitive and transpersonal
3655:
Feminist anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology (
1604:
1571:
1467:
Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principal axes of
12489:
12361:
12219:
11114:
After the fact: two countries, four decades, one anthropologist
10033:
8152:
Ahmed, Akbar S. (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist".
7175:
7046:
7042:
6817:
6402:
6156:
6141:
6121:
5775:
5636:
5616:
5536:
5348:
Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the
4326:
3796:
3708:
3704:
2935:
2916:
2317:
1263:
1061:
Meanwhile, the Ethnological Society of New York, currently the
857:
studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. The term
601:
20:
This article is about the study of humans. For other uses, see
11051:
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology
9346:
Virtual Anthropology: A guide to a new interdisciplinary field
9219:
Political theologies: public religions in a post-secular world
1376:, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of
12241:
12144:
9603:
Axtell, J. (1979). "Ethnohistory: An Historian's Viewpoint".
9343:
8484:
7976:
7974:
7406: â Study of how living things are used by human cultures
6836:
6377:
6365:
6101:
5760:
5750:
5676:
4482:
4400:
4275:, and transmission over time and space using the methods and
4051:
3015:
2882:
Anthropology of development tends to view development from a
1390:
has influenced its social organization and culture, and from
1378:
952:
944:
936:
11231:"The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and Its Consequences"
11195:
Invisible Genealogies: A History of Americanist Anthropology
10627:"Ethics Forum » Full Text of the 2012 Ethics Statement"
10597:"Past AAA Statements on Ethics â Participate & Advocate"
10195:"The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and Its Consequences"
9728:
7451: â Medicine in the time before the invention of writing
6961:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
6956:
N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology
6588:
4309:
Transpersonal anthropology studies the relationship between
11266:—— (2004). "Imagining Anthropology's History".
10405:. International Institute for Human Evolutionary Research.
8114:
What is Anthropology â American Anthropological Association
7162:
7143:(HTS) program; in addition, HTS teams are working with the
6765:
Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of
6106:
5765:
5280:
3050:
2322:
1524:
1520:
1499:
Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by
611:
11161:. Quantum Books. Berkeley: University of California Press.
10886:
The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and its Consequences
9709:
Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology
9373:(14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 579â584.
7971:
7295:
Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology
2890:
1209:
Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory
12668:
List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field
12231:
11640:
9898:"Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals"
9048:
7537:, a Discourse or Description of Man, or of a Man's Body."
6220:
16:
Scientific study of humans, human behavior, and societies
11370:
Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography
11184:
Barth, Fredrik; Gingrich, Andre; Parkin, Robert (2005).
10676:"The Human Terrain System: A CORDS for the 21st Century"
9987:
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; De Groote, Isabelle (2017).
9788:
The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare
9729:
Griffiths, M. B.; Chapman, M.; Christiansen, F. (2010).
8202:(1991). "Language, Anthropology and Cognitive Science".
7321:("fieldwork") and developing with the center founded by
7308:, on the contrary focus disproportionately on the West.
2254:. While the term is sometimes used interchangeably with
68:
12294:
9397:
Environmental anthropology : from pigs to policies
8823:
Petillo, April D. J.; Hlavka, Heather R., eds. (2022).
7424: â International nonprofit membership organization
6921:
AsociaciĂłn de AntropĂłlogos Iberoamericanos en Red, AIBR
4337:
in evoking and interpreting extraordinary experiences.
1198:
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The
1144:, but a German philosopher specializing in psychology,
999:
is considered to be the founder of modern anthropology.
11360:
10656:
US Army's strategy in Afghanistan: better anthropology
9119:
7412: â Study of human behavior and cultural diversity
1113:
in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the
11404:
Shweder, Richard A.; LeVine, Robert A., eds. (1984).
11354:. Berkeley; Los Angeles: California University Press.
10328:. American Anthropological Association. 17 May 1998.
9895:
9051:
Publications â Society for Psychological Anthropology
8695:
7769:"The Metamorphosis of Ethnology in France, 1839â1930"
7472: â Overview of and topical guide to anthropology
2270:
Economic, political economic, applied and development
1694:
981:
10973:
Emergent Forms of Life and the Anthropological Voice
9191:
9120:
Schwartz, T.; G.M. White; et al., eds. (1992).
8847:
Cattell, Maria and Marjorie M. Schweitzer, editors.
8237:
Daniel A. Segal; Sylvia J. Yanagisako, eds. (2005).
8142:. Living Anthropologically. Retrieved on 2017-17-01.
7678:
Israel Institute of the History of Medicine (1952).
7438:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
7430: â Class of UNESCO designated cultural heritage
7342:
7109:
passed overwhelmingly at the annual meetings of the
5419:". The focus of its research concerns "how cultural
5411:
Ecological anthropology is defined as the "study of
5038:
1699:
825:
is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with
11183:
10992:"Introductory Address on the Study of Anthropology"
9986:
1309:developed by Franz Boas in the early 20th century:
1065:, was founded on its model in 1842, as well as the
11087:Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Key Concepts
10727:Culture and Truth: The remaking of social analysis
10468:"Spying by American Archaeologists in World War I"
9530:
9217:Hent de Vries; Lawrence E. Sullivan, eds. (2006).
9092:
9086:
8555:
8043:
7825:"Paul Broca and the French School of Anthropology"
7744:
7328:Le Centre d'anthropologie des mondes contemporains
6946:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
6595:Key topics by field: archaeological and biological
5023:
11406:Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion
11105:The innocent anthropologist: notes from a mud hut
11041:
10862:Man, Mind and Science: A History of Anthropology.
10403:Biological Anthropology: The State of the Science
9853:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7955:. World Council of Anthropological Associations.
7394: â Two kinds of anthropologic field research
7156:
6816:. It is the study of ancient humans, as found in
5473:. It is also the study of the history of various
4973:Political anthropology concerns the structure of
3734:. She studied ethnic and family relations in the
963:"). Its adjectival form appeared in the works of
12697:
10151:Anthropology and Colonialism in Asia and Oceania
9371:Anthropology : appreciating human diversity
9304:
9080:
9078:
8794:. Maric, Tomislav. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
8702:Roseberry, William (1988). "Political Economy".
8683:. Singapore: Springer Nature. pp. 457â481.
8348:
8260:
8258:
1282:and sexual liberation, to current criticisms of
11049:Barnard, Alan; Spencer, Jonathan, eds. (2010).
9663:
9636:
9634:
9528:
8789:
8653:
8430:Cultural Anthropology: A problem-based approach
7232:
6673:perspective; that is, from the assumption that
6563:Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of
967:. It began to be used in English, possibly via
11367:
11084:
11048:
10755:. 11th ed. Wadsworth. chapters I, III and IV.
9522:
9418:
8198:
7991:
7382: â Social behavior and norms of a society
6941:European Association of Social Anthropologists
6897:
6856:European Association of Social Anthropologists
6808:Paleoanthropology combines the disciplines of
869:studies the biological development of humans.
12533:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
12160:
11465:
11403:
11325:The Making of British Anthropology, 1813â1871
11076:Levinson, David; Ember, Melvin, eds. (1996).
11075:
10818:Erickson, Paul A. and Liam D. Murphy (2003).
10422:
10149:van Breman, Jan, and Akitoshi Shimizu (1999)
9731:"Chinese consumers: The Romantic reappraisal"
9259:Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women
9084:
9075:
8851:(Left Coast Press: Walnut Creek), pp. 15â40.
8822:
8755:"Types of Kinship- Consanguineal and Affinal"
8733:. Westport, Conn: Praeger. pp. 16, 150.
8728:
8443:"What is Anthropology? â Advance Your Career"
8286:
8255:
7026:, present-day anthropologists typically urge
6727:approach, and brings together fields such as
6515:
5511:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
5318:
4943:
4113:
3571:
2775:
2103:
865:studies how language influences social life.
803:
11408:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11303:
11197:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
11120:
10425:"Melanin, afrocentricity, and pseudoscience"
10251:
9631:
9488:"Optimal Foraging Theory: A Critical Review"
9162:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9124:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
9122:New Directions in Psychological Anthropology
9067:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8731:Applied Anthropology: Domains of Application
8398:"Research Subfields: Physical or Biological"
2814:, on the nature of gift-giving exchange (or
2250:photography, film and, since the mid-1990s,
1018:
972:
11372:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11368:Clifford, James; Marcus, George E. (1986).
11322:
11304:Pels, Peter; Salemink, Oscar, eds. (2000).
11013:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
10043:. AAAnet.org. Retrieved on 2 November 2016.
9847:
9479:
9176:
8956:
8729:Kedia, Satish, and Willigen J. Van (2005).
8658:. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp. 55â71.
8264:
8123:. Aaanet.org. Retrieved on 2 November 2016.
8002:
7818:
7816:
7789:
7591:Anthrozoology should not be confused with "
3509:Matrilineal / matrilocal societies
1239:in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
1077:They maintained international connections.
1003:
917:
12167:
12153:
11472:
11458:
11390:(7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
11308:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
11129:
11116:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10843:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
10138:Anthropology & the Colonial Encounter.
9700:
9698:
9596:
9088:"The Sad Story of Anthropology: 1950â1999"
8962:
8292:
7668:." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1885.
6522:
6508:
5325:
5311:
4950:
4936:
4878:Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
4120:
4106:
3722:was, until "ell into the 1960s", the only
3578:
3564:
2782:
2768:
2110:
2096:
1222:
1132:Broca, being what today would be called a
845:, in both the present and past, including
810:
796:
11177:Anthropology & the Colonial Encounter
11095:
10738:Xavier, John and Rosaldo, Renato (2007).
10483:
10429:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
10175:. London/New York: Routledge. pp. 26â29.
10140:Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.
9993:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
9948:
9450:
9025:
8701:
8678:
8428:Robbins, R.H. & Larkin, S.N. (2007).
8102:An Introduction to Theory in Anthropology
8037:
8024:
7740:
7738:
6661:exploration of the relationships between
5358:Society for the Social Studies of Science
1542:. Sociocultural anthropology also covers
1042:Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau
1038:French National Museum of Natural History
11394:
11340:
11331:
11297:Histories of Anthropology Annual, Vol. I
11085:Rapport, Nigel; Overing, Joanna (2007).
11057:
11006:
10423:De Montellano, Bernard R. Ortiz (1993).
10350:
10156:
10114:. American Anthropological Association.
10076:Johanson, Donald and Wong, Kate (2007).
9492:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
9393:
9387:
9344:Weber, Gerhard; Bookstein, Fred (2011).
8999:
8104:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7904:
7853:
7841:
7822:
7813:
7807:
7795:
7706:
7684:. Brill. p. 19. GGKEY:34XGYHLZ7XY.
6795:Five of the seven known fossil teeth of
6790:
6711:. Evolutionary anthropology is based in
6030:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
5389:intersect. It is sometimes grouped with
2164:A Punu tribe mask, Gabon, Central Africa
2159:
1612:was an example of ancient communication.
1603:
1570:
991:
36:
11345:. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.
11192:
11188:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11179:. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities k.
11156:
11132:A diary in the strict sense of the term
11066:
10465:
10093:. Ch. 1. University of Illinois Press.
9695:
9095:Anthropological Theory in North America
8929:
8894:
8827:. New York: New York University Press.
8313:
7888:
7886:
7671:
7080:
4898:Political and Legal Anthropology Review
2891:Kinship, feminism, gender and sexuality
12698:
11385:
11376:
11210:
11111:
11107:. London: British Museum Publications.
11102:
11080:. Vol. 1â4. New York: Henry Holt.
11062:. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
10877:
10607:from the original on 10 September 2018
10472:Bulletin of the History of Archaeology
10266:
10130:
10118:from the original on 18 September 2016
9857:; Leatherman, Thomas L., eds. (1998).
9602:
9587:
9467:from the original on 29 September 2017
9424:
9368:
9362:
9177:Young, David E.; Goulet, J.G. (1994).
8633:Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology
8608:from the original on 18 September 2020
8511:
8270:Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology
8008:Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology
7766:
7735:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7257:, antiquity dealings and curatorship,
7017:
4554:Societies without hierarchical leaders
4340:
1140:after him. His interest was mainly in
12620:National Endowment for the Humanities
12605:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
12148:
11453:
11352:Europe and the People Without History
11312:
11294:
11265:
11228:
11219:
11078:Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
11017:
10753:Introduction to Physical Anthropology
10682:from the original on 21 January 2014.
10506:
10192:
9221:. New York: Fordham University Press.
8972:Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology
8771:from the original on 14 February 2019
8432:. Toronto, ON: Nelson Education Ltd.
8151:
8145:
7877:
7865:
7636:from the original on 16 February 2016
7620:
7618:
7616:
7400: â Comprehensive critical theory
6780:
2822:from an anthropological perspective.
12615:Moscow University for the Humanities
12586:Arts and Humanities Research Council
12543:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
12103:
11349:
11201:
11174:
11147:
11138:
10989:
9860:Building A New Biocultural Synthesis
9569:from the original on 2 November 2021
9485:
8932:Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology
8867:
8626:
8586:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8453:from the original on 26 October 2016
8378:from the original on 12 October 2009
8272:. Taylor & Francis. p. xv.
7892:
7883:
7775:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 98.
7630:American Anthropological Association
7111:American Anthropological Association
6966:Society for Anthropological Sciences
6951:Network of Concerned Anthropologists
6911:American Anthropological Association
6849:American Anthropological Association
5719:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
5350:American Anthropological Association
3610:the patterns of social relationships
3521:Sex and Repression in Savage Society
2825:
1204:American Anthropological Association
897:. Its present use first appeared in
853:studies patterns of behavior, while
11479:
11361:Textbooks and key theoretical works
11215:. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
11159:Reflections on fieldwork in Morocco
11141:Blackberry winter: my earlier years
11069:Oxford Bibliographies: Anthropology
10822:. Broadview Press. pp. 11â12.
10820:A History of Anthropological Theory
10541:
10466:Browman, David (22 November 2011).
10165:Postmodernism, Reason, and Religion
9504:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002515
8970:. In D. Levinson; M. Ember (eds.).
8716:10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.001113
8577:10.1146/annurev.an.22.100193.001453
8006:(1994). "Introduction to culture".
7648:
7418: â The study of human behavior
7293:in the introduction to his seminal
7229:, a central part of their science.
6931:Center for World Indigenous Studies
5393:, and sometimes considered part of
1845:Incidents of Travel in Chichen Itza
1557:(SCCS) includes 186 such cultures.
1069:in 1843, a break-away group of the
867:Biological or physical anthropology
13:
11425:
11421:Open Encyclopedia of Anthropology.
11071:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
11030:
10942:
10542:Lee, Richard Borshay (June 2016).
9968:from the original on 28 April 2019
9719:, p. 1. Columbia University Press.
9280:"Techno-Anthropology course guide"
9233:"Center for a Public Anthropology"
9196:. Ithaca: Cornell UP. p. 28.
9000:Campbell, Dave (24 October 2016).
8930:Sargent, Carolyn (2004). "Birth".
8518:Proceedings of the British Academy
7613:
6994:Some commentators have contended:
6976:USC Center for Visual Anthropology
5849:Archaeology of religion and ritual
4151:The patient-physician relationship
3530:Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship
1695:Key topics by field: sociocultural
1243:anthropology in Great Britain and
982:Origin and development of the term
893:is first attested in reference to
14:
12727:
11414:
11253:from the original on 5 March 2021
11150:Letters from the field, 1925â1975
10776:. Prentice Hall. pp. 11â20.
10740:The Anthropology of Globalization
10447:from the original on 5 March 2021
10332:from the original on 27 June 2013
10233:from the original on 3 April 2017
10153:. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
9877:from the original on 16 June 2013
9829:"Animals & Society Institute"
9510:from the original on 3 April 2017
9427:"The New Ecological Anthropology"
9286:from the original on 2 April 2013
8654:Hann, Chris; Hart, Keith (2011).
8514:"Anthropology is not ethnography"
7959:from the original on 2 April 2015
7688:from the original on 10 June 2016
6926:Anthropological Society of London
4872:Political economy in anthropology
3021:Parallel / cross cousins
2864:(distinct from the more critical
2832:Political economy in anthropology
1891:Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
1886:Museum of Anthropology, Cambridge
1871:National Anthropological Archives
1700:Art, media, music, dance and film
1586:
1200:Anthropological Society of Madrid
1173:Anthropological Society of London
1150:Die Anthropologie der Naturvölker
12126:
12115:
12102:
12091:
12090:
11317:. Durham: Duke University Press.
10965:
10936:
10904:
10867:
10854:
10833:
10812:
10799:
10786:
10766:
10745:
10732:
10719:
10686:
10668:
10649:
10619:
10589:
10535:
10500:
10459:
10416:
10395:
10344:
10318:
10306:from the original on 22 May 2011
10288:
10275:
10260:
10245:
10186:
9863:. University of Michigan Press.
9239:from the original on 23 May 2020
9181:. Peterborough: Broadview Press.
9099:. Westport: Berin & Garvey.
8364:"Standard Cross-Cultural Sample"
8317:Research Methods in Anthropology
8268:(1994). "General Introduction".
7388: â Theory of human behavior
7345:
7241:), including but not limited to
6971:Society for Applied Anthropology
6842:
6657:Biocultural anthropology is the
6609:
5505:
5202:Cybernetic Culture Research Unit
4298:
4214:
4073:Journal of Cognition and Culture
4045:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
3888:Society for Medical Anthropology
2915:
1838:NÇai, the Story of a ÇKung Woman
1737:
1448:
1119:Société d'Anthropologie de Paris
67:
12663:Humanities in the United States
12511:American Journal of Archaeology
12045:List of social science journals
11206:. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter.
10809:. Walter de Gruyter Publishing.
10637:from the original on 2 May 2019
10143:
10104:
10083:
10070:
10046:
10027:
9980:
9889:
9821:
9801:
9769:
9722:
9581:
9551:
9369:Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2010).
9337:
9325:from the original on 8 May 2013
9298:
9272:
9251:
9225:
9210:
9185:
9170:
9128:
9113:
9091:. In Cerroni-Long, E.L. (ed.).
9042:
8993:
8923:
8888:
8861:
8841:
8816:
8783:
8747:
8722:
8672:
8647:
8620:
8590:
8549:
8536:
8505:
8478:
8465:
8435:
8422:
8390:
8307:
8230:
8192:
8180:
8126:
8107:
8094:
8080:
7945:
7905:Maccurdy, George Grant (1899).
7898:
7871:
7859:
7847:
7835:
7801:
7585:
7576:
7567:
7553:
7362:Anthropological science fiction
7169:
6680:
6589:specialists in 'other cultures'
5562:Evolutionary origin of religion
5286:Science, technology and society
5024:Nature, science, and technology
4311:altered states of consciousness
3754:within cultures and societies.
1527:, or technical) point of view.
1432:has been heavily influenced by
12538:Journal of Controversial Ideas
12174:
12002:Science and technology studies
11399:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
11379:The Interpretation of Cultures
11224:. New York; London: Routledge.
11130:Malinowski, BronisĆaw (1967).
11060:The Dictionary of Anthropology
11042:Dictionaries and encyclopedias
10982:
10971:Fischer, Michael M. J. (2003)
10926:. Cambridge University Press.
10059:. 13 June 2010. Archived from
9671:Guide to the Study of Religion
9394:Townsend, Patricia K. (2009).
8475:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
8046:The American Historical Review
7760:
7709:The Catholic Historical Review
7700:
7540:
7530:The New World of English Words
7518:
7494:
7157:Post-World War II developments
6936:Ethnological Society of London
6646:
5717:Treatise on the Apparitions of
5431:
4734:Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
4183:
4059:Medical Anthropology Quarterly
2871:
2608:Formalistâsubstantivist debate
1666:
1555:Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
1354:(a term coined and defined by
1169:Ethnological Society of London
1071:Aborigines' Protection Society
1067:Ethnological Society of London
757:Anthropologists by nationality
1:
11332:Stocking, George Jr. (1968).
11152:. New York: Harper & Row.
11121:LĂ©vi-Strauss, Claude (1967).
10521:10.1080/1070289X.1998.9962596
10296:"Is there a gene for racism?"
10283:Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches
10252:Levi-Strauss, Claude (1962).
9592:. New York.: Routledge Press.
9192:Greenhouse, Carol J. (1986).
9138:Anthropology of Consciousness
8882:10.1525/aa.1982.84.3.02a00080
8704:Annual Review of Anthropology
8565:Annual Review of Anthropology
8558:"Anthropology and Mass Media"
7773:A New History of Anthropology
7771:. In Kuklick, Henrika (ed.).
7606:
7507:, a defense of the legend of
7130:The Christian Science Monitor
6916:American Ethnological Society
6167:Traditional African religions
5712:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
5461:Ethnohistory is the study of
5444:
5400:
4905:Journal of Legal Anthropology
4573:The Art of Not Being Governed
4080:Anthropology of Consciousness
3873:Critical medical anthropology
3163:Household forms and residence
2810:, and his French compatriot,
2598:Critique of political economy
2216:
1881:Museum of Anthropology at UBC
1616:
1560:
1063:American Ethnological Society
1046:Société Ethnologique de Paris
978:, by the early 18th century.
22:Anthropology (disambiguation)
12558:Revue des Ătudes ArmĂ©niennes
11167:
11037:Bibliography of anthropology
11021:Introduction to Anthropology
10373:10.1126/science.282.5389.654
10091:The Study of Ethnomusicology
9311:. Peter Hammer Verlag Gmbh.
8689:10.1007/978-981-16-7255-2_14
8627:Chio, Jenny (26 July 2021).
8314:Bernard, H. Russell (2002).
8239:Unwrapping the Sacred Bundle
7428:Intangible cultural heritage
7233:Commonalities between fields
7095:Office of Strategic Services
4962:
4260:
3228:Classificatory terminologies
1286:oppression and promotion of
1270:against 19th-century racial
1048:, the first to use the term
882:
7:
11334:Race, Culture and Evolution
11323:Sera-Shriar, Efram (2013).
11143:. New York: William Marrow.
8679:Heffernan, Timothy (2022).
8556:Spitulnik, Deborah (1993).
8298:Key Debates in Anthropology
7767:Sibeud, Emmanuelle (2008).
7445:, a sub-field of philosophy
7364: â Genre of literature
7338:
7249:, documentary film-making,
7022:As part of their quest for
6898:List of major organizations
6754:
5485:
5005:, and political uprisings.
3883:Person-centered ethnography
3644:
2878:anthropology of development
2866:anthropology of development
2794:
2650:Anthropology of development
2538:Colonialism and development
2177:, a relatively new area of
1939:Margaret Mead Film Festival
1632:anthropological linguistics
1341:archaeological anthropology
10:
12732:
11202:Gisi, Lucas Marco (2007).
11034:
11007:Schiller, Francis (1979).
10996:The Anthropological Review
10864:Columbia University Press.
10193:Lewis, Herbert S. (1998).
9425:Kottak, Conrad P. (1999).
9006:McGill Journal of Medicine
7931:10.1126/science.10.260.910
7476:List of indigenous peoples
7443:Philosophical anthropology
7422:Human Relations Area Files
6904:Anthropology organizations
6901:
6784:
6758:
6684:
6650:
6613:
6598:
6556:
6533:
5454:
5448:
5404:
5391:sociocultural anthropology
5378:
5374:
5341:
5231:Environmental anthropology
5012:
4989:
4966:
4911:Journal of Law and Society
4631:Colonialism and resistance
4305:Transpersonal anthropology
4302:
4264:
4221:Psychological anthropology
4218:
4187:
4136:
4132:
3893:National character studies
3858:Transpersonal anthropology
3848:Psychological anthropology
3648:
3594:
3590:
2875:
2852:
2848:
2829:
2798:
2239:
2230:Society of Ethnomusicology
2200:
2153:
2126:
1934:List of ethnographic films
1896:Robert Hull Fleming Museum
1876:Centro Cultural Mexiquense
1670:
1620:
1590:
1564:
1463:Sociocultural anthropology
1452:
1430:Sociocultural anthropology
1365:
1252:cross-cultural comparisons
1181:The Anthropological Review
985:
953:
937:
859:sociocultural anthropology
777:List of indigenous peoples
43:indigenous American people
18:
12673:Outline of the humanities
12653:Criticism of mass culture
12633:
12625:National Humanities Medal
12578:
12503:
12334:
12182:
12086:
12053:
12037:
11784:
11510:
11487:
11430:. Ruhr-UniversitÀt Bochum
11395:Salzmann, ZdenÄk (1993).
11377:Geertz, Clifford (1973).
11280:10.1080/00938150490486418
11247:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.716
11211:Harris, Marvin. (2001) .
11175:Asad, Talal, ed. (1973).
11112:Geertz, Clifford (1995).
11067:Jackson, John L. (2013).
11058:Barfield, Thomas (1997).
10883:Lewis, Herbert S. (1998)
10560:10.1007/s10624-016-9412-y
10211:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.716
9305:Knorr, Alexander (2011).
8471:Salzmann, ZdenÄk. (1993)
7823:Fletcher, Robert (1882).
7664:, 1st ed. "anthropology,
7662:Oxford English Dictionary
7595:", which often refers to
7533:includes the definition "
7370:, a sub-field of theology
7099:Office of War Information
6982:
6703:and the relation between
6687:Evolutionary anthropology
6245:Armenian Apostolic Church
5337:
5008:
4585:Non-western state systems
4561:African Political Systems
3878:Cross-cultural psychiatry
2603:Original affluent society
2548:The Anti-Politics Machine
2235:
1804:Indigenous Australian art
1630:(not to be confused with
1382:, human physical traits,
1361:
1163:and the speech therapist
522:Cross-cultural comparison
12658:Educational essentialism
12295:Interdisciplinary fields
11381:. New York: Basic Books.
11341:Trencher, Susan (2000).
11220:Kehoe, Alice B. (1998).
11193:Darnell, Regna. (2001).
10975:. Duke University Press.
10725:Rosaldo, Renato (1993).
10700:(Report). Archived from
10661:11 February 2008 at the
10548:Dialectical Anthropology
10136:Asad, Talal, ed. (1973)
9811:. Lantern Books. p. xi.
9775:Mills, Daniel S (2010).
9747:10.1177/1466138110370412
9563:OCLC WorldCat Identities
9529:Melissa Checker (2005).
9443:10.1525/aa.1999.101.1.23
8940:10.1007/0-387-29905-X_26
8792:Introducing anthropology
8790:Pountney, Laura (2015).
8512:Ingold, Timothy (2008).
8138:10 December 2018 at the
7487:
7462:
7457: â Form of research
7410:Human behavioral ecology
7376: â Political theory
6667:Physical anthropologists
6653:Biocultural anthropology
6552:
6536:Anthropology of religion
6137:Native American religion
5792:Revitalization movements
5647:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
5499:Anthropology of religion
4985:
4319:transpersonal experience
4315:transpersonal psychology
4190:Nutritional anthropology
4174:transcultural psychiatry
4066:Transcultural Psychiatry
3843:Nutritional anthropology
2862:development anthropology
2645:Heritage commodification
2640:Nutritional anthropology
2614:The Great Transformation
2196:
2149:
1576:Forensic anthropologists
1099:On the Origin of Species
1056:William Frédéric Edwards
1014:University of Copenhagen
1012:, early scholars of the
1004:Through the 19th century
861:is commonly used today.
694:Historical particularism
27:Not to be confused with
11690:international relations
11386:Harris, Marvin (1997).
11336:. New York: Free Press.
11268:Reviews in Anthropology
11235:American Anthropologist
11148:—— (1977).
11139:Mead, Margaret (1972).
11018:Waitz, Theodor (1863).
10898:American Anthropologist
10805:Roughley, Neil (2000).
10441:10.1002/ajpa.1330360604
10199:American Anthropologist
10162:Gellner, Ernest (1992)
9807:DeMello, Margo (2010).
9680:25 October 2015 at the
9673:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9431:American Anthropologist
8897:African American Review
8870:American Anthropologist
8602:Encyclopedia Britannica
8544:The Anthropology of Art
8542:Layton, Robert. (1981)
8488:Handbook of Ethnography
8119:15 October 2015 at the
8088:"What is Anthropology?"
7626:"What is Anthropology?"
7481:List of anthropologists
7470:Outline of anthropology
7386:Dual inheritance theory
7239:History of anthropology
7193:participant observation
6605:Biological anthropology
6051:The Journal of Religion
5672:Theories about religion
5457:Historical anthropology
5417:biophysical environment
5407:Ecological anthropology
5226:Ecological anthropology
5041:science, and technology
5039:Anthropology of nature,
4610:and the State in Africa
4285:experimental psychology
3679:feminist anthropology.
2820:global financial system
2368:Inalienable possessions
1852:The Doon School Quintet
1707:Part of a series on the
1682:participant observation
1628:Linguistic anthropology
1623:Linguistic anthropology
1567:Biological anthropology
1513:Participant observation
1345:linguistic anthropology
1256:participant-observation
1223:20th and 21st centuries
1142:Biological anthropology
1125:, as the French called
1075:human-rights activists.
988:History of anthropology
863:Linguistic anthropology
527:Participant observation
41:An anthropologist with
12446:Liberal arts education
12017:Quantum social science
11157:Rabinow, Paul (1977).
11103:Barley, Nigel (1983).
11096:Fieldnotes and memoirs
11089:. New York: Routledge.
10874:University Press, 2008
10792:Brown, Donald (1991).
10772:Wompack, Mari (2001).
10601:www.americananthro.org
10300:Times Higher Education
9282:. Aalborg University.
9150:10.1525/ac.2005.16.1.6
9085:D'Andrade, R. (1999).
8965:"Medical Anthropology"
8447:www.americananthro.org
8189:By Kemal Ataman p. 59
8100:Layton, Robert (1998)
7895:, Introductory Address
7374:Circumscription theory
7368:Christian anthropology
7154:
7024:scientific objectivity
6805:
6747:. It is a dynamic and
6097:Alaska Native religion
6092:Afro-American religion
5687:Veneration of the dead
4979:political organization
4969:Political anthropology
4852:Circumscription theory
4639:Europe and the People
4608:Technology, Tradition,
4267:Cognitive anthropology
3853:Cognitive anthropology
3802:Culture-bound syndrome
3538:"The Traffic in Women"
3371:Coming of Age in Samoa
2838:historical materialism
2563:People Without History
2165:
2122:
1613:
1579:
1548:political organization
1427:
1294:is one of its primary
1161:Richard Francis Burton
1030:
1019:
1000:
973:
918:
669:Cross-cultural studies
45:
12522:History of Humanities
12054:Other categorizations
11907:International studies
11892:History of technology
11827:Communication studies
11710:public administration
11313:Price, David (2004).
10946:Cultural Anthropology
10921:19 March 2015 at the
10860:Leaf, Murray (1979).
10326:"Statement on "Race""
10267:Womack, Mari (2001).
10089:Netti, Bruno (2005).
10039:22 April 2009 at the
9652:19 March 2015 at the
8656:Economic Anthropology
8629:"Visual anthropology"
8403:University of Toronto
7721:10.1353/cat.2003.0100
7269:, regional analysis,
7149:
7101:). At the same time,
6814:physical anthropology
6794:
6767:physical anthropology
6761:Forensic anthropology
6498:cultural anthropology
6117:Chinese folk religion
6009:Anthony F. C. Wallace
6004:Daniel Martin Varisco
5929:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
5831:of the Religious Life
5469:customs by examining
5301:cultural anthropology
5060:Natureâculture divide
4926:cultural anthropology
4714:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
4567:Papuan Big man system
4313:and culture. As with
4096:cultural anthropology
3951:Michael M. J. Fischer
3651:Feminist anthropology
3554:Cultural anthropology
3514:Feminist anthropology
3306:Australian Aboriginal
2801:Economic anthropology
2758:cultural anthropology
2163:
2086:cultural anthropology
1649:cognitive linguistics
1607:
1574:
1469:cultural anthropology
1455:Cultural anthropology
1423:
1368:American anthropology
1366:Further information:
1189:cultural anthropology
1026:
997:Bernardino de SahagĂșn
995:
855:cultural anthropology
40:
12711:Behavioural sciences
12678:Renaissance humanism
12610:Master of Humanities
11887:Historical sociology
11229:Lewis, H.S. (1998).
11053:. London: Routledge.
10990:Hunt, James (1863).
10916:The Theft of History
10891:3 April 2017 at the
10729:. Beacon Press. Inda
10171:3 April 2017 at the
9588:Milton, Kay (1996).
8934:. pp. 224â230.
8356:George Peter Murdock
8133:What is Anthropology
7455:Qualitative research
7449:Prehistoric medicine
7140:Human Terrain System
7081:Military involvement
6152:Shamanism in Siberia
5999:Edward Burnett Tylor
5829:The Elementary Forms
5597:Magic (supernatural)
5547:Comparative religion
5413:cultural adaptations
5381:Digital anthropology
5221:Digital anthropology
4719:Wolfgang Fikentscher
4694:Henri J. M. Claessen
4449:Pantribal sodalities
4289:evolutionary biology
4139:Medical anthropology
3996:Nancy Scheper-Hughes
3868:Clinical ethnography
3685:first-wave feminists
3445:BronisĆaw Malinowski
2855:Applied anthropology
2808:BronisĆaw Malinowski
2713:BronisĆaw Malinowski
2424:Shifting cultivation
2403:Provisioning systems
2170:ethnographic studies
2144:The Way of the Masks
2061:Hortense Powdermaker
1440:shift away from the
1237:BronisĆaw Malinowski
1185:Edward Burnett Tylor
1167:broke away from the
762:Anthropology by year
699:Boasian anthropology
674:Cultural materialism
659:Actorânetwork theory
257:Paleoanthropological
12597:Geisteswissenschaft
12563:Teaching Philosophy
12342:Abductive reasoning
12067:Geisteswissenschaft
12061:Behavioral sciences
11987:Political sociology
11902:Information science
11847:Development studies
11350:Wolf, Eric (1982).
10365:1998Sci...282..654M
9925:10.1038/nature26151
9917:2018Natur.555..652H
9790:. CABI, pp. 28â30.
9782:3 June 2016 at the
9660:, pp. 122â123.
8963:McElroy, A (1996).
8491:. Sage. p. 4.
8344:on 4 November 2016.
7923:1899Sci....10..910M
7752:(1647). "Preface".
7527:'s 1706 edition of
7297:mentions that the "
7145:US military in Iraq
7028:cultural relativism
7018:Cultural relativism
6637:veterinary medicine
6583:as well as in the "
6334:Hindu denominations
6275:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
6044:The Hibbert Journal
5954:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
5939:Fustel de Coulanges
5493:Part of a series on
5344:Cyborg anthropology
5216:Cyborg anthropology
5088:Benjamin H. Bratton
5032:Part of a series on
5015:Public anthropology
4862:Leftâright paradigm
4341:Political and legal
4170:cultural psychiatry
3550:Social anthropology
3440:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
3223:Kinship terminology
3046:Joking relationship
3041:Posthumous marriage
2738:Harold K. Schneider
2493:Gifting remittances
2419:Nomadic pastoralism
2381:Spheres of exchange
2375:(commodity pathway)
2242:Visual anthropology
2140:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
2129:Anthropology of art
2031:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
1954:Salvage ethnography
1949:Museum anthropology
1824:Nanook of the North
1799:Art of the Americas
1713:Anthropology of art
1536:social organization
1501:cultural relativism
1473:social anthropology
1459:Social anthropology
1307:four field approach
1303:social anthropology
1260:cultural relativism
1115:Société de biologie
851:Social anthropology
714:Performance studies
607:Kinship and descent
547:Cultural relativism
197:Paleoethnobotanical
172:Ethnoarchaeological
12684:Studia Humanitatis
12122:Society portal
11609:auxiliary sciences
10742:. Wiley-Blackwell.
10707:on 29 October 2023
10005:10.1002/ajpa.23250
9559:"Milton, Kay 1951"
9486:Pyke, G H (1984).
7798:, pp. 130â132
7434:Origins of society
7287:urban anthropology
7227:comparative method
7003:Time and Its Other
6806:
6787:Palaeoanthropology
6781:Palaeoanthropology
6733:behavioral ecology
6559:Urban anthropology
6549:that worships it.
6388:Non-denominational
6300:Oriental Orthodoxy
5854:Poles in mythology
5587:Laying on of hands
5471:historical records
5187:Capitalist Realism
5055:Ecogovernmentality
4992:Legal anthropology
4857:Legal anthropology
4759:Thomas Blom Hansen
4689:Robert L. Carneiro
4478:Segmentary lineage
4415:Leveling mechanism
4365:legal anthropology
4281:cognitive sciences
4200:nutritional status
3604:can refer both to
3480:David M. Schneider
3326:Polyandry in Tibet
2673:Alexander Chayanov
2625:Culture of poverty
2527:(hunter-gatherers)
2175:cyber anthropology
2166:
2156:Media anthropology
2026:Robert Hugh Layton
2011:Robert J. Flaherty
1657:discourse analysis
1614:
1580:
1400:Islamic Golden Age
1231:Since the work of
1211:(1869) founded by
1191:, and his brother
1001:
887:The abstract noun
734:Post-structuralism
493:Research framework
46:
12693:
12692:
12413:General knowledge
12396:Cultural literacy
12330:
12329:
12264:Religious studies
12200:Classical studies
12142:
12141:
11982:Political economy
11977:Political ecology
11832:Community studies
11822:Cognitive science
11785:Interdisciplinary
11685:Political science
11123:Tristes tropiques
10359:(5389): 654â655.
10302:. 3 August 2007.
9911:(7698): 652â656.
9870:978-0-472-06606-3
9658:Myth and Religion
9544:978-0-8147-1657-1
9411:978-1-57766-581-6
9380:978-0-07-811699-5
9355:978-3-211-48647-4
9318:978-3-7795-0359-0
9308:Cyberanthropology
9203:978-0-8014-1971-3
9106:978-0-89789-685-6
8981:on 1 October 2012
8949:978-0-306-47754-6
8834:978-1-4798-1221-9
8801:978-0-7456-9977-6
8740:978-0-275-97841-9
8665:978-0-7456-4482-0
8641:10.29164/21visual
8598:"Ethnomusicology"
8498:978-0-7619-5824-6
8334:978-0-7591-0868-4
8279:978-0-415-02137-1
8248:978-0-8223-8684-1
8017:978-0-415-02137-1
7750:Bartholin, Thomas
7746:Bartholin, Caspar
7279:religious studies
6823:evidence such as
6749:interdisciplinary
6721:human development
6625:interdisciplinary
6532:
6531:
6320:Russian Orthodoxy
6270:Eastern Orthodoxy
5919:Arnold van Gennep
5838:Purity and Danger
5426:political ecology
5335:
5334:
5276:Political ecology
5267:Literary Machines
5261:Hypertext fiction
5093:Gabriella Coleman
4975:political systems
4960:
4959:
4684:Jeremy Boissevain
4669:Georges Balandier
4664:E. Adamson Hoebel
4130:
4129:
3926:Charles L. Briggs
3588:
3587:
3485:Marilyn Strathern
3465:Stephen O. Murray
3379:
3378:
3286:
3285:
3204:
3203:
3158:
3157:
2826:Political economy
2792:
2791:
2630:Political economy
2620:Peasant economics
2571:Political economy
2434:Peasant economics
2409:Hunting-gathering
2256:ethnographic film
2179:internet research
2120:
2119:
1924:Video ethnography
1919:Ethnographic film
1523:(conceptual, vs.
1487:, literature and
1404:cognitive science
1106:and in the wild.
923:derived from the
820:
819:
719:Political economy
542:Thick description
339:Political economy
202:Zooarchaeological
162:Bioarchaeological
12723:
12480:Self-realization
12292:
12291:
12169:
12162:
12155:
12146:
12145:
12130:
12120:
12119:
12106:
12105:
12094:
12093:
11997:Regional science
11842:Cultural studies
11817:Business studies
11474:
11467:
11460:
11451:
11450:
11439:
11437:
11435:
11426:Haller, Dieter.
11409:
11400:
11391:
11382:
11373:
11355:
11346:
11337:
11328:
11318:
11309:
11300:
11291:
11262:
11260:
11258:
11225:
11216:
11207:
11198:
11189:
11180:
11162:
11153:
11144:
11135:
11126:
11117:
11108:
11090:
11081:
11072:
11063:
11054:
11025:
11014:
11003:
10976:
10969:
10963:
10962:
10940:
10934:
10908:
10902:
10881:
10875:
10871:
10865:
10858:
10852:
10837:
10831:
10816:
10810:
10803:
10797:
10794:Human Universals
10790:
10784:
10770:
10764:
10749:
10743:
10736:
10730:
10723:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10712:
10706:
10699:
10690:
10684:
10683:
10672:
10666:
10653:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10642:
10623:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10612:
10593:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10582:
10539:
10533:
10532:
10515:(3â4): 389â430.
10504:
10498:
10497:
10487:
10485:10.5334/bha.2123
10463:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10420:
10414:
10399:
10393:
10392:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10337:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10311:
10292:
10286:
10281:Harris, Marvin.
10279:
10273:
10272:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10249:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10238:
10190:
10184:
10160:
10154:
10147:
10141:
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10108:
10102:
10087:
10081:
10074:
10068:
10067:
10066:on 13 June 2010.
10065:
10058:
10050:
10044:
10031:
10025:
10024:
9984:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9973:
9967:
9952:
9902:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9855:Goodman, Alan H.
9851:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9831:. Archived from
9825:
9819:
9805:
9799:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9726:
9720:
9702:
9693:
9675:pp. 225â226
9667:
9661:
9638:
9629:
9628:
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9593:
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9058:
9046:
9040:
9039:
9029:
8997:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8980:
8974:. Archived from
8969:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8892:
8886:
8885:
8865:
8859:
8845:
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8838:
8820:
8814:
8813:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8770:
8759:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8676:
8670:
8669:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8624:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8562:
8553:
8547:
8540:
8534:
8533:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8482:
8476:
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8439:
8433:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8410:on 22 April 2012
8406:. Archived from
8394:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8383:
8360:Douglas R. White
8352:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8337:. Archived from
8322:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8290:
8284:
8283:
8262:
8253:
8252:
8234:
8228:
8227:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8177:
8149:
8143:
8130:
8124:
8111:
8105:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8052:(5): 1486â1488.
8041:
8035:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8000:
7989:
7978:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7917:(260): 382â390.
7902:
7896:
7890:
7881:
7880:, pp. 11â12
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7820:
7811:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7764:
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7757:
7742:
7733:
7732:
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7675:
7669:
7659:
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7645:
7643:
7641:
7622:
7600:
7589:
7583:
7580:
7574:
7571:
7565:
7557:
7551:
7544:
7538:
7522:
7516:
7498:
7439:
7355:
7350:
7349:
7010:Herbert S. Lewis
6829:enamel fractures
6719:, combining the
6707:and non-hominin
6697:human physiology
6543:magical thinking
6524:
6517:
6510:
6265:Coptic Orthodoxy
5979:Marshall Sahlins
5821:Related articles
5509:
5490:
5489:
5395:material culture
5367:Cyborg Manifesto
5327:
5320:
5313:
5272:
5242:
5206:
5196:Cultural ecology
5192:
5180:Related articles
5148:Reza Negarestani
5028:
5027:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4846:Related articles
4829:Douglas R. White
4819:Jonathan Spencer
4799:Marshall Sahlins
4789:Sally Falk Moore
4345:
4344:
4231:mental processes
4196:economic systems
4122:
4115:
4108:
4021:Beatrice Whiting
3991:Michelle Rosaldo
3966:E. Thomas Lawson
3961:Charles Laughlin
3837:Related articles
3762:
3761:
3724:African American
3580:
3573:
3566:
3498:Related articles
3470:Michelle Rosaldo
3299:
3298:
3217:
3216:
3085:
3084:
3072:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2907:Anthropology of
2895:
2894:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2733:Marshall Sahlins
2688:Maurice Godelier
2592:Related articles
2580:Jim Crow economy
2391:Cultural capital
2376:
2373:Singularization
2274:
2273:
2221:
2218:
2183:social movements
2112:
2105:
2098:
2071:David MacDougall
2006:Frances Densmore
1913:Related articles
1769:Material culture
1741:
1704:
1703:
1641:sociolinguistics
1374:natural sciences
1296:research designs
1288:multiculturalism
1278:'s advocacy for
1022:
976:
958:
957:
942:
941:
921:
904:in the works of
812:
805:
798:
340:
222:Anthrozoological
71:
48:
47:
32:
25:
12731:
12730:
12726:
12725:
12724:
12722:
12721:
12720:
12696:
12695:
12694:
12689:
12629:
12574:
12499:
12485:Self-reflection
12475:Moral character
12434:Human condition
12386:Critical theory
12326:
12290:
12237:Performing arts
12178:
12173:
12143:
12138:
12114:
12082:
12049:
12033:
12007:Science studies
11791:Administration
11780:
11506:
11483:
11481:Social sciences
11478:
11433:
11431:
11417:
11412:
11363:
11358:
11256:
11254:
11170:
11165:
11098:
11093:
11044:
11039:
11033:
11031:Further reading
11028:
10985:
10980:
10979:
10970:
10966:
10941:
10937:
10923:Wayback Machine
10909:
10905:
10893:Wayback Machine
10882:
10878:
10872:
10868:
10859:
10855:
10838:
10834:
10817:
10813:
10804:
10800:
10791:
10787:
10771:
10767:
10750:
10746:
10737:
10733:
10724:
10720:
10710:
10708:
10704:
10697:
10691:
10687:
10674:
10673:
10669:
10663:Wayback Machine
10654:
10650:
10640:
10638:
10625:
10624:
10620:
10610:
10608:
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10594:
10590:
10580:
10578:
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10501:
10464:
10460:
10450:
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10421:
10417:
10400:
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10333:
10324:
10323:
10319:
10309:
10307:
10294:
10293:
10289:
10280:
10276:
10265:
10261:
10254:The Savage Mind
10250:
10246:
10236:
10234:
10191:
10187:
10173:Wayback Machine
10161:
10157:
10148:
10144:
10135:
10131:
10121:
10119:
10110:
10109:
10105:
10088:
10084:
10080:. Kindle Books.
10075:
10071:
10063:
10056:
10052:
10051:
10047:
10041:Wayback Machine
10032:
10028:
9985:
9981:
9971:
9969:
9965:
9900:
9894:
9890:
9880:
9878:
9871:
9852:
9848:
9838:
9836:
9835:on 25 June 2013
9827:
9826:
9822:
9806:
9802:
9784:Wayback Machine
9777:"Anthrozoology"
9774:
9770:
9727:
9723:
9703:
9696:
9682:Wayback Machine
9669:Guthrie (2000)
9668:
9664:
9654:Wayback Machine
9646:An Essay On Man
9641:Cassirer, Ernst
9639:
9632:
9601:
9597:
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8909:10.2307/2901255
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8762:inflibnet.ac.in
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8327:. p. 322.
8320:
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8263:
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8216:10.2307/2803828
8197:
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8166:10.2307/3033407
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8140:Wayback Machine
8131:
8127:
8121:Wayback Machine
8112:
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8099:
8095:
8086:
8085:
8081:
8058:10.2307/2171126
8042:
8038:
8029:
8025:
8018:
8010:. p. 331.
8001:
7992:
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7972:
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7590:
7586:
7581:
7577:
7572:
7568:
7558:
7554:
7545:
7541:
7523:
7519:
7513:British history
7499:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7465:
7460:
7437:
7353:Primates portal
7351:
7344:
7341:
7235:
7222:culture regions
7172:
7159:
7083:
7020:
6985:
6980:
6906:
6902:Main category:
6900:
6845:
6798:Homo luzonensis
6789:
6783:
6763:
6757:
6713:natural science
6701:human behaviour
6689:
6683:
6655:
6649:
6618:
6612:
6607:
6599:Main articles:
6597:
6567:, poverty, and
6561:
6555:
6538:
6528:
6488:
6487:
6280:Greek Orthodoxy
6260:Catholic Church
6076:
6075:
6064:
6063:
6024:
6023:
6014:
6013:
5989:Stanley Tambiah
5944:Clifford Geertz
5899:Joseph Campbell
5884:Augustin Calmet
5879:
5878:
5877:Major theorists
5869:
5868:
5844:Myth and ritual
5830:
5823:
5822:
5813:
5812:
5718:
5702:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5642:Sacred language
5632:Rite of passage
5557:Divine language
5522:
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5240:
5204:
5190:
5181:
5173:
5172:
5078:Tom Boellstorff
5073:
5072:Major theorists
5065:
5064:
5050:
5040:
5026:
5017:
5011:
5003:legal pluralism
4994:
4988:
4971:
4965:
4956:
4916:
4915:
4892:
4884:
4883:
4867:State formation
4847:
4839:
4838:
4824:Bjorn Thomassen
4779:Elizabeth Mertz
4764:Ted C. Lewellen
4709:Pierre Clastres
4659:
4658:Major theorists
4651:
4650:
4641:Without History
4640:
4609:
4545:
4537:
4536:
4459:Paramount chief
4391:Achieved status
4386:Ascribed status
4378:Status and rank
4374:
4363:
4343:
4307:
4301:
4269:
4263:
4223:
4217:
4208:economic trends
4192:
4186:
4178:ethnopsychiatry
4141:
4135:
4126:
4086:
4085:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4001:Richard Shweder
3956:Arthur Kleinman
3936:George Devereux
3916:Gregory Bateson
3911:
3910:Major theorists
3903:
3902:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3825:Navajo medicine
3820:
3812:
3811:
3792:
3782:
3760:
3730:who was also a
3716:St. Clair Drake
3689:feminist theory
3653:
3647:
3634:fictive kinship
3599:
3593:
3584:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3533:
3524:
3504:Alliance theory
3499:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3460:Lewis H. Morgan
3455:Henrietta Moore
3435:Eleanor Leacock
3430:Louise Lamphere
3425:Roger Lancaster
3400:Tom Boellstorff
3389:
3388:Major theorists
3381:
3380:
3357:
3334:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3275:Dravidian
3214:
3206:
3205:
3185:
3070:Nurture kinship
3060:
3026:Cousin marriage
2927:
2893:
2880:
2874:
2857:
2851:
2834:
2828:
2803:
2797:
2788:
2748:
2747:
2678:Stanley Diamond
2663:
2662:Major theorists
2655:
2654:
2635:State formation
2593:
2585:
2584:
2562:
2561:Europe and the
2447:
2439:
2438:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2374:
2313:Commodification
2308:
2298:
2272:
2244:
2238:
2225:Ethnomusicology
2219:
2205:
2203:Ethnomusicology
2199:
2158:
2152:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2076:
2075:
1996:Pierre Bourdieu
1986:Gregory Bateson
1976:
1975:Major theorists
1968:
1967:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:List of museums
1866:
1858:
1857:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1754:Color symbolism
1749:
1728:
1716:
1702:
1697:
1675:
1669:
1625:
1619:
1595:
1589:
1569:
1563:
1540:human universal
1465:
1453:Main articles:
1451:
1438:epistemological
1419:Clifford Geertz
1392:social sciences
1370:
1364:
1280:gender equality
1268:Boas' arguments
1225:
1213:Rudolph Virchow
1020:l'anthropologie
1006:
990:
984:
925:combining forms
885:
816:
787:
786:
752:
744:
743:
724:Practice theory
664:Alliance theory
654:
646:
645:
641:Postcolonialism
570:
562:
561:
495:
485:
484:
450:Anthropological
445:
435:
434:
338:
288:
287:
267:
266:
217:
207:
206:
137:
127:
126:
97:
89:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12729:
12719:
12718:
12713:
12708:
12691:
12690:
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12680:
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12655:
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12637:
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12617:
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12607:
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12576:
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12565:
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12555:
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12535:
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12518:
12513:
12507:
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12501:
12500:
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12492:
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12477:
12472:
12471:
12470:
12460:
12459:
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12453:
12443:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12409:
12408:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12371:
12368:Belles-lettres
12364:
12359:
12354:
12352:Antipositivism
12349:
12344:
12338:
12336:
12332:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12325:
12324:
12319:
12314:
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12149:
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12124:
12112:
12100:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12063:
12057:
12055:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12041:
12039:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12014:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11973:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11954:
11953:
11952:
11950:social science
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11884:
11882:Global studies
11879:
11877:Gender studies
11874:
11869:
11868:
11867:
11862:
11860:social science
11856:Environmental
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11797:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11778:
11777:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11682:
11681:
11680:
11670:
11669:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11638:
11637:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11596:
11595:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11555:macroeconomics
11552:
11550:microeconomics
11542:
11541:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11514:
11512:
11508:
11507:
11505:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11488:
11485:
11484:
11477:
11476:
11469:
11462:
11454:
11441:
11440:
11423:
11416:
11415:External links
11413:
11411:
11410:
11401:
11392:
11383:
11374:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11356:
11347:
11338:
11329:
11320:
11310:
11301:
11292:
11274:(3): 243â261.
11263:
11241:(3): 716â731.
11226:
11217:
11208:
11199:
11190:
11181:
11171:
11169:
11166:
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11163:
11154:
11145:
11136:
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11118:
11109:
11099:
11097:
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11073:
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11043:
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11035:Main article:
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10986:
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10981:
10978:
10977:
10964:
10935:
10903:
10901:"100:" 716â731
10876:
10866:
10853:
10832:
10811:
10798:
10796:. McGraw Hill.
10785:
10765:
10744:
10731:
10718:
10685:
10667:
10648:
10618:
10588:
10534:
10499:
10458:
10415:
10394:
10343:
10317:
10287:
10274:
10259:
10244:
10205:(3): 716â731.
10185:
10155:
10142:
10129:
10103:
10082:
10069:
10045:
10026:
9999:(1): 184â192.
9979:
9888:
9869:
9846:
9820:
9800:
9768:
9741:(3): 331â357.
9721:
9694:
9662:
9656:, pt.II, ch.7
9630:
9617:10.2307/481465
9595:
9580:
9550:
9543:
9521:
9478:
9417:
9410:
9386:
9379:
9361:
9354:
9336:
9317:
9297:
9271:
9250:
9224:
9209:
9202:
9184:
9169:
9127:
9112:
9105:
9074:
9041:
8992:
8955:
8948:
8922:
8903:(2): 299â312.
8887:
8876:(3): 633â635.
8860:
8840:
8833:
8815:
8800:
8782:
8746:
8739:
8721:
8694:
8671:
8664:
8646:
8619:
8589:
8548:
8535:
8504:
8497:
8477:
8464:
8434:
8421:
8389:
8347:
8333:
8325:Altamira Press
8306:
8300:. p. 18.
8285:
8278:
8254:
8247:
8229:
8210:(2): 183â198.
8200:Bloch, Maurice
8191:
8179:
8144:
8125:
8106:
8093:
8079:
8036:
8023:
8016:
7990:
7970:
7944:
7897:
7882:
7870:
7858:
7846:
7834:
7812:
7800:
7788:
7781:
7759:
7734:
7715:(2): 351â352.
7699:
7670:
7647:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7597:animal testing
7593:animal studies
7584:
7575:
7566:
7552:
7539:
7517:
7501:Richard Harvey
7492:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7452:
7446:
7440:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7416:Human ethology
7413:
7407:
7401:
7398:Engaged theory
7395:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7365:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7340:
7337:
7243:fossil-hunting
7234:
7231:
7171:
7168:
7158:
7155:
7135:in Afghanistan
7103:David H. Price
7082:
7079:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7006:
6999:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6899:
6896:
6844:
6841:
6785:Main article:
6782:
6779:
6759:Main article:
6756:
6753:
6717:social science
6685:Main article:
6682:
6679:
6651:Main article:
6648:
6645:
6614:Main article:
6611:
6608:
6601:Archaeological
6596:
6593:
6557:Main article:
6554:
6551:
6534:Main article:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:Pentecostalism
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:folk religions
6077:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5909:Ămile Durkheim
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:Akbar S. Ahmed
5886:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:Elite religion
5861:
5859:Lived religion
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5834:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5520:Basic concepts
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5502:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5484:
5449:Main article:
5446:
5443:
5433:
5430:
5405:Main article:
5402:
5399:
5379:Main article:
5376:
5373:
5342:Main article:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5237:Fanged Noumena
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5198:
5193:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:FĂ©lix Guattari
5110:
5105:
5100:
5098:Gilles Deleuze
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:Basic concepts
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5025:
5022:
5013:Main article:
5010:
5007:
4990:Main article:
4987:
4984:
4967:Main article:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4901:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:Aidan Southall
4811:
4806:
4804:James C. Scott
4801:
4796:
4794:Rodney Needham
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:Ernest Gellner
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:Ritual warfare
4529:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:Law and custom
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4373:Basic concepts
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4356:
4355:
4342:
4339:
4303:Main article:
4300:
4297:
4293:interpretation
4265:Main article:
4262:
4259:
4219:Main article:
4216:
4213:
4188:Main article:
4185:
4182:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4137:Main article:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Merrill Singer
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Tanya Luhrmann
3978:
3973:
3971:Robert I. Levy
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:Basic concepts
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3759:
3756:
3728:anthropologist
3720:Vera Mae Green
3677:intersectional
3649:Main article:
3646:
3643:
3618:descent groups
3595:Main article:
3592:
3589:
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3582:
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3462:
3457:
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3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:W. D. Hamilton
3407:
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3397:
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3333:
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3318:
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3308:
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3297:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Eskimo (Inuit)
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
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3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3151:Patrilineality
3148:
3146:Matrilineality
3143:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
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3073:
3058:
3053:
3048:
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3018:
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2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
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2938:
2928:
2926:Basic concepts
2925:
2924:
2921:
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2912:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2889:
2876:Main article:
2873:
2870:
2853:Main article:
2850:
2847:
2830:Main article:
2827:
2824:
2806:anthropology,
2799:Main article:
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2416:
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2398:
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2386:Social capital
2383:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Redistribution
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:Basic concepts
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2285:
2284:
2271:
2268:
2240:Main article:
2237:
2234:
2201:Main article:
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2195:
2154:Main article:
2151:
2148:
2127:Main article:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Robert Gardner
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1951:
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1941:
1936:
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1926:
1921:
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1792:
1788:
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1784:
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1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Visual culture
1756:
1750:
1748:Basic concepts
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1671:Main article:
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1665:
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1591:Main article:
1588:
1587:Archaeological
1585:
1565:Main article:
1562:
1559:
1450:
1447:
1412:ethnic studies
1410:, and various
1408:global studies
1384:human behavior
1363:
1360:
1356:Adam F. KollĂĄr
1224:
1221:
1187:, inventor of
1094:Charles Darwin
1034:Ătienne Serres
1005:
1002:
986:Main article:
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980:
884:
881:
847:archaic humans
827:human behavior
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739:Systems theory
736:
731:
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679:Culture theory
676:
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262:Primatological
259:
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138:
135:Archaeological
133:
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119:
114:
109:
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102:Archaeological
98:
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73:
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64:
63:
57:
56:
15:
9:
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4:
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2:
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12599:
12598:
12594:
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12591:Human science
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12571:
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12509:
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12437:
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12427:
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12411:
12407:
12404:
12403:
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12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12376:
12372:
12370:
12369:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12339:
12337:
12333:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12307:Environmental
12305:
12303:
12300:
12299:
12297:
12293:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12271:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12239:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12212:
12211:
12210:Language arts
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12187:
12185:
12181:
12177:
12170:
12165:
12163:
12158:
12156:
12151:
12150:
12147:
12135:
12134:
12129:
12125:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12111:
12110:
12101:
12099:
12098:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12073:Human science
12071:
12069:
12068:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12052:
12046:
12043:
12042:
12040:
12036:
12030:
12029:Vegan studies
12027:
12025:
12022:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12009:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11992:Public health
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11957:
11955:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11927:
11926:Philosophies
11925:
11923:
11922:Media studies
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11897:Human ecology
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11807:Anthrozoology
11805:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11783:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11751:
11750:
11747:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11732:developmental
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11718:
11715:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11705:public policy
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11687:
11686:
11683:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11674:
11671:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11656:legal systems
11654:
11652:
11651:legal history
11649:
11647:
11646:jurisprudence
11644:
11643:
11642:
11639:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11600:
11597:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11574:
11573:
11570:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11543:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
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11515:
11513:
11509:
11503:
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11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11489:
11486:
11482:
11475:
11470:
11468:
11463:
11461:
11456:
11455:
11452:
11448:
11446:
11429:
11424:
11422:
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11418:
11407:
11402:
11398:
11393:
11389:
11384:
11380:
11375:
11371:
11366:
11365:
11353:
11348:
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11311:
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11223:
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11128:
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11119:
11115:
11110:
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11074:
11070:
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11056:
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11023:
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11016:
11012:
11011:
11005:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10988:
10987:
10974:
10968:
10960:
10956:
10952:
10948:
10947:
10939:
10933:
10932:0-521-87069-0
10929:
10925:
10924:
10920:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10900:
10899:
10895:
10894:
10890:
10887:
10880:
10870:
10863:
10857:
10850:
10849:0-299-13414-8
10846:
10842:
10836:
10829:
10828:1-4426-0110-8
10825:
10821:
10815:
10808:
10802:
10795:
10789:
10783:
10782:0-13-644071-1
10779:
10775:
10769:
10762:
10761:0-495-18779-8
10758:
10754:
10748:
10741:
10735:
10728:
10722:
10703:
10696:
10689:
10681:
10677:
10671:
10664:
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10657:
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10636:
10632:
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10598:
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10573:
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10557:
10553:
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10538:
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10522:
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10514:
10510:
10503:
10495:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10477:
10473:
10469:
10462:
10446:
10442:
10438:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10419:
10412:
10411:0-9644248-0-0
10408:
10404:
10398:
10390:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10374:
10370:
10366:
10362:
10358:
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10297:
10291:
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10228:
10224:
10220:
10216:
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10208:
10204:
10200:
10196:
10189:
10182:
10181:0-415-08024-X
10178:
10174:
10170:
10167:
10166:
10159:
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10146:
10139:
10133:
10117:
10113:
10107:
10100:
10099:0-252-03033-8
10096:
10092:
10086:
10079:
10078:Lucy's Legacy
10073:
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9824:
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9817:1-59056-168-6
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9804:
9797:
9796:0-85199-724-4
9793:
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9781:
9778:
9772:
9764:
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9756:
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9744:
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9725:
9718:
9717:0-231-08376-9
9714:
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9706:
9701:
9699:
9691:
9690:0-304-70176-9
9687:
9683:
9679:
9676:
9672:
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9659:
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9642:
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9614:
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9554:
9546:
9540:
9537:. NYU Press.
9535:
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9452:2027.42/66329
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9268:
9267:0-415-92092-2
9264:
9261:. Routledge.
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9180:
9173:
9165:
9159:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9131:
9123:
9116:
9108:
9102:
9097:
9096:
9089:
9081:
9079:
9070:
9064:
9056:
9052:
9045:
9037:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8996:
8977:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8951:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8926:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8906:
8902:
8898:
8891:
8883:
8879:
8875:
8871:
8864:
8858:
8857:1-59874-083-0
8854:
8850:
8844:
8836:
8830:
8826:
8819:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8767:
8763:
8756:
8750:
8742:
8736:
8732:
8725:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8698:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8675:
8667:
8661:
8657:
8650:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8623:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8559:
8552:
8545:
8539:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8508:
8500:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8481:
8474:
8468:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8438:
8431:
8425:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8399:
8393:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8351:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8326:
8319:
8318:
8310:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8281:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8259:
8250:
8244:
8240:
8233:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8195:
8188:
8183:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8148:
8141:
8137:
8134:
8129:
8122:
8118:
8115:
8110:
8103:
8097:
8089:
8083:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8027:
8019:
8013:
8009:
8005:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7987:
7986:0-7453-2320-0
7983:
7977:
7975:
7958:
7954:
7948:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7901:
7894:
7889:
7887:
7879:
7874:
7867:
7862:
7856:, p. 136
7855:
7854:Schiller 1979
7850:
7844:, p. 143
7843:
7842:Schiller 1979
7838:
7830:
7826:
7819:
7817:
7810:, p. 221
7809:
7808:Schiller 1979
7804:
7797:
7796:Schiller 1979
7792:
7784:
7782:9780470766217
7778:
7774:
7770:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7739:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7703:
7687:
7683:
7682:
7674:
7667:
7663:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7612:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7579:
7570:
7562:
7556:
7549:
7543:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7497:
7493:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7392:Emic and etic
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7348:
7343:
7336:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7230:
7228:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7167:
7164:
7153:
7148:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7114:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7067:acculturation
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6843:Organizations
6840:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6804:
6800:
6799:
6793:
6788:
6778:
6776:
6775:decomposition
6772:
6768:
6762:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6665:and culture.
6664:
6663:human biology
6660:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6621:Anthrozoology
6617:
6616:Anthrozoology
6610:Anthrozoology
6606:
6602:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6581:Western World
6578:
6574:
6570:
6569:neoliberalism
6566:
6560:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6537:
6525:
6520:
6518:
6513:
6511:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6310:Protestantism
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Victor Turner
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5984:Melford Spiro
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:Roy Rappaport
5967:
5965:
5964:Steven Ozment
5962:
5960:
5959:Robert Marett
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5914:Mircea Eliade
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5873:
5872:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5809:
5808:Handsome Lake
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5696:
5695:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5475:ethnic groups
5472:
5468:
5465:cultures and
5464:
5458:
5452:
5442:
5438:
5429:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5362:Donna Haraway
5359:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Daniel Miller
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5118:Donna Haraway
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5016:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Elman Service
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:David Graeber
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:John Comaroff
4702:
4700:
4699:Jean Comaroff
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Fredrik Barth
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4617:Legal systems
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4527:Legal culture
4525:
4523:
4522:Customary law
4520:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:Theatre state
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:House society
4496:
4494:
4493:Petty kingdom
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Social status
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4299:Transpersonal
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4255:mental health
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4235:enculturation
4232:
4228:
4222:
4215:Psychological
4212:
4209:
4205:
4204:food security
4201:
4197:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Melford Spiro
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Maurice Bloch
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Ethnomedicine
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:psychological
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:Tell my Horse
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:According to
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:Western world
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:archeological
3652:
3642:
3639:
3638:consanguinity
3635:
3632:", and even "
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3559:
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3450:Margaret Mead
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3136:Ambilineality
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2951:Consanguinity
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2709:
2708:Marvin Harris
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2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Jane I. Guyer
2696:
2694:
2693:David Graeber
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Raymond Firth
2681:
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2676:
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2668:Paul Bohannan
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2504:Organ gifting
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2466:Moka exchange
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2429:Moral economy
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2136:Primitive Art
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2099:
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2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
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2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Margaret Mead
2044:
2042:
2041:John Marshall
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
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1997:
1994:
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1984:
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1979:
1978:
1972:
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1964:
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1610:Rosetta Stone
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1481:relationships
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1335:sociocultural
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1324:
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1284:post-colonial
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729:Structuralism
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555:
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552:Ethnocentrism
550:
548:
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533:
530:
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523:
520:
518:
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500:Anthropometry
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465:Ethnopoetical
463:
461:
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420:Transpersonal
418:
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11812:Area studies
11565:mathematical
11560:econometrics
11518:Anthropology
11517:
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11432:. Retrieved
11405:
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10631:Ethics Forum
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10621:
10609:. Retrieved
10600:
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10579:. Retrieved
10551:
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10106:
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10061:the original
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9833:the original
9823:
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9605:Ethnohistory
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9562:
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9495:
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9437:(1): 23â35.
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9274:
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9241:. Retrieved
9227:
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7680:
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7638:. Retrieved
7587:
7578:
7569:
7555:
7547:
7542:
7535:Anthropology
7534:
7528:
7520:
7505:Philadelphus
7504:
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7404:Ethnobiology
7333:
7326:
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7313:sociologists
7310:
7303:
7294:
7283:
7251:paleontology
7236:
7218:Levalloisian
7198:
7196:monographs.
7185:
7181:
7173:
7170:Basic trends
7160:
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7138:
7137:, under the
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6833:dental decay
6810:paleontology
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6681:Evolutionary
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6427:Conservative
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6228:Christianity
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6035:
6028:
5974:Saba Mahmood
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5934:James Frazer
5904:Mary Douglas
5836:
5827:
5724:Neo-Paganism
5700:Case studies
5667:Superstition
5662:Soul dualism
5572:Great Spirit
5463:ethnographic
5460:
5451:Ethnohistory
5439:
5435:
5410:
5384:
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5347:
5281:Rave culture
5265:
5235:
5200:
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5168:Leslie White
5158:Paul Virilio
5133:Bruno Latour
5083:Ray Brassier
5031:
5018:
4999:human rights
4995:
4972:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4876:
4784:Sidney Mintz
4774:Ralph Linton
4769:Edmund Leach
4729:Morton Fried
4724:Meyer Fortes
4674:F. G. Bailey
4606:
4571:
4559:
4544:Case studies
4503:Ethnic group
4473:Band society
4348:
4308:
4283:(especially
4270:
4224:
4193:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4142:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4026:John Whiting
3986:Marvin Opler
3976:Ralph Linton
3941:Cora Du Bois
3819:Case studies
3783:anthropology
3765:
3745:
3740:
3732:Caribbeanist
3713:
3681:
3654:
3609:
3606:the study of
3605:
3601:
3600:
3528:
3519:
3369:
3328: /
3295:Case studies
3276:
3141:Unilineality
3100:Matrilateral
3093: /
3068: /
3064: /
3056:Cohabitation
2961:Incest taboo
2883:
2881:
2858:
2843:world-system
2835:
2812:Marcel Mauss
2804:
2728:Karl Polanyi
2723:Sidney Mintz
2718:Marcel Mauss
2612:
2570:
2559:
2546:
2537:
2531:Batek people
2516:Provisioning
2515:
2483:
2451:
2446:Case studies
2363:Limited good
2358:Gift economy
2333:Embeddedness
2299:anthropology
2297:development
2277:
2248:ethnographic
2245:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2167:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2051:Alan Merriam
2001:John Collier
1944:Cantometrics
1850:
1843:
1836:
1831:The Ax Fight
1829:
1822:
1786:Case studies
1764:Body culture
1686:
1676:
1626:
1596:
1581:
1552:
1529:
1498:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1388:Homo sapiens
1387:
1379:Homo sapiens
1377:
1371:
1349:
1337:anthropology
1334:
1328:
1322:
1318:anthropology
1315:
1311:
1300:
1248:anthropology
1245:
1240:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1202:(1865), the
1197:
1193:Alfred Tylor
1180:
1176:
1171:to form the
1158:
1154:
1149:
1138:Broca's area
1134:neurosurgeon
1131:
1127:evolutionism
1122:
1108:
1097:
1079:
1060:
1049:
1031:
1027:
1024:as follows:
1017:
1007:
971:
948:
932:
916:
910:Otto Casmann
906:Magnus Hundt
890:anthropology
888:
886:
871:
823:Anthropology
822:
821:
767:Bibliography
709:Interpretive
684:Diffusionism
653:Key theories
639: /
569:Key concepts
480:Sociological
460:Ethnological
247:Neurological
232:Evolutionary
177:Experiential
61:Anthropology
60:
34:
29:Anthropogeny
12495:Work of art
12463:Metaphysics
12424:Historicism
12269:Visual arts
12195:Archaeology
12183:Disciplines
12133:Wikiversity
12024:Social work
11912:Linguistics
11837:Criminology
11754:criminology
11737:personality
11695:comparative
11673:Linguistics
11666:private law
11523:archaeology
11257:10 November
10983:Works cited
10911:Goody, Jack
10774:Being Human
10451:10 November
10269:Being Human
9881:6 September
9839:23 February
9735:Ethnography
9514:10 November
9471:10 November
8775:28 November
8710:: 161â185.
8374:: 329â369.
8266:Ingold, Tim
8004:Ingold, Tim
7868:, p. 5
7546:In French:
7525:John Kersey
7299:Third World
7291:Ulf Hannerz
7273:, history,
7255:primatology
7202:Paleolithic
7091:Axis Powers
7071:colonialism
7059:subincision
7053:(including
7039:infanticide
6888:art history
6825:petrifacted
6803:Callao Cave
6741:primatology
6729:archaeology
6675:typological
6647:Biocultural
6585:Third World
6577:agoraphobic
6573:Ulf Hannerz
6354:Vaishnavism
6285:Lutheranism
6240:Anglicanism
5924:René Girard
5803:Ghost Dance
5682:Transtheism
5652:Sacred site
5612:Nympholepsy
5432:Environment
5246:Hari Kunzru
5153:Sadie Plant
5108:Mark Fisher
4754:Ulf Hannerz
4749:Lesley Gill
4184:Nutritional
4011:Dan Sperber
3946:Paul Farmer
3807:Double bind
3701:archaeology
3697:linguistics
3475:Gayle Rubin
3213:Terminology
3128:Linealities
3006:Bride price
2996:Concubinage
2872:Development
2816:reciprocity
2525:Aché people
2509:Shell money
2452:Prestations
2414:Pastoralism
2338:Reciprocity
2220: 1950
2056:Bruno Nettl
2021:Alfred Gell
1929:Ethnocinema
1809:Oceanic art
1678:Ethnography
1673:Ethnography
1667:Ethnography
1598:Archaeology
1593:Archaeology
1505:ethnography
1292:Ethnography
1086:linguistics
899:Renaissance
873:Archaeology
843:linguistics
637:Colonialism
580:Development
537:Reflexivity
505:Ethnography
455:Descriptive
313:Development
252:Nutritional
227:Biocultural
152:Battlefield
12700:Categories
12456:Quadrivium
12381:Creativity
12347:Aesthetics
12274:Filmmaking
12259:Philosophy
12215:Literature
12176:Humanities
12078:Humanities
12012:historical
11945:psychology
11917:Management
11759:demography
11717:Psychology
11700:philosophy
11661:public law
11592:integrated
10581:24 October
10509:Identities
10310:2 November
10034:AAAnet.org
9933:1887/70268
9611:(1): 3â4.
9573:2 November
8294:Tim Ingold
7878:Waitz 1863
7866:Waitz 1863
7692:5 November
7607:References
7275:philosophy
7214:Mousterian
7051:mutilation
6769:and human
6737:psychology
6725:scientific
6659:scientific
6633:psychology
6476:ĆvetÄmbara
6112:Böö mörgöl
5894:Talal Asad
5798:Cargo cult
5627:Polytheism
5622:Pilgrimage
5607:Monotheism
5592:Liminality
5582:Initiation
5577:Henotheism
5552:Divination
5542:Communitas
5467:indigenous
5455:See also:
5445:Historical
5401:Ecological
5387:technology
5251:Hypermedia
5163:Mike Wesch
5143:Ted Nelson
5123:Mizuko Ito
4646:Cargo cult
4549:Acephelous
4439:Matriarchy
4434:Patriarchy
4421:Leadership
4273:innovation
4251:motivation
4247:perception
3752:childbirth
3669:linguistic
3661:biological
3420:Don Kulick
3405:Jack Goody
3395:Diane Bell
3321:Philippine
3197:Patrilocal
3181:Matrilocal
3176:Matrifocal
3120:Avunculate
3110:Collateral
2703:Keith Hart
2264:mass media
2214:Jaap Kunst
2066:Jean Rouch
2036:Alan Lomax
1991:Franz Boas
1959:Tribal art
1688:Tim Ingold
1663:analysis.
1645:pragmatics
1617:Linguistic
1561:Biological
1485:philosophy
1477:make sense
1442:positivist
1312:biological
1274:, through
1233:Franz Boas
1165:James Hunt
1111:Paul Broca
1016:, defined
1010:Bartholins
617:Prehistory
470:Historical
443:Linguistic
355:Historical
323:Ecological
215:Biological
117:Linguistic
107:Biological
12528:Humanitas
12440:Humanitas
12429:Historism
12391:Criticism
12284:Sculpture
11956:Planning
11935:economics
11852:Education
11749:Sociology
11727:cognitive
11678:semiotics
11629:political
11587:technical
11572:Geography
11545:Economics
11288:162956412
11168:Histories
10576:146855589
10554:(2): 60.
10529:1070-289X
10494:2047-6930
10435:: 33â58.
10237:30 August
10219:0002-7294
9941:1476-4687
9763:144152261
9057:: 83â104.
9018:1201-026X
9012:(1): 76.
8810:909318382
8530:0068-1202
8524:: 69â92.
8457:25 August
8368:Ethnology
8066:0002-8762
7893:Hunt 1863
7729:162350550
7640:10 August
7323:Marc Augé
7306:Sociology
7271:ethnology
7263:etymology
7259:philology
7247:exploring
7206:Neolithic
7013:mistakes.
6892:sociology
6801:found in
6771:osteology
6693:evolution
6547:community
6471:Digambara
6413:YazdĂąnism
6393:Quranists
6373:Ahmadiyya
6359:Ayyavazhi
6290:Methodism
6255:Calvinism
6235:Adventism
6216:Vajrayana
6201:Theravada
6191:Pure Land
6073:Religions
5746:Bobohizan
5657:Shamanism
5567:Fetishism
5527:Afterlife
5256:Hypertext
5211:Cybertext
5128:Nick Land
5103:Roy Ellen
4963:Political
4834:Eric Wolf
4406:Age grade
4360:Political
4261:Cognitive
4239:cognition
3931:Veena Das
3748:pregnancy
3736:Caribbean
3362:Sexuality
3277:(debated)
3095:Bilateral
3001:Polyandry
2743:Eric Wolf
2461:Kula ring
2260:reception
2252:new media
2191:new media
2187:the press
1774:New media
1661:narrative
1653:semiotics
1517:Ethnology
1509:monograph
1493:sociology
1396:Al-Biruni
1352:ethnology
1090:ethnology
1051:ethnology
965:Aristotle
933:ĂĄnthrĆpos
914:Neo-Latin
883:Etymology
839:societies
590:Evolution
585:Ethnicity
517:Ethnology
395:Political
303:Cognitive
242:Molecular
12579:Academia
12548:Leonardo
12516:Daedalus
12504:Journals
12468:Ontology
12357:The arts
12279:Painting
12225:Rhetoric
12097:Category
11965:regional
11960:land use
11795:business
11764:internet
11722:abnormal
11624:military
11614:economic
11604:cultural
11577:physical
11538:physical
11528:cultural
11434:22 March
11251:Archived
10959:08867356
10919:Archived
10889:Archived
10680:Archived
10659:Archived
10635:Archived
10605:Archived
10568:43895186
10445:Archived
10389:22257033
10336:17 April
10330:Archived
10304:Archived
10231:Archived
10169:Archived
10116:Archived
10037:Archived
10021:24296825
10013:28542710
9963:Archived
9959:29562232
9875:Archived
9780:Archived
9755:24047982
9678:Archived
9650:Archived
9567:Archived
9508:Archived
9465:Archived
9329:14 March
9323:Archived
9290:14 March
9284:Archived
9237:Archived
9144:: 6â24.
9036:22363184
8766:Archived
8606:Archived
8581:Archived
8451:Archived
8414:14 March
8376:Archived
8362:(1969).
8296:(1996).
8136:Archived
8117:Archived
7963:29 March
7957:Archived
7939:17837336
7686:Archived
7634:Archived
7561:Fletcher
7503:'s 1593
7339:See also
7267:genetics
7204:and the
7189:genetics
7176:holistic
7097:and the
7035:genocide
6755:Forensic
6745:genetics
6709:primates
6705:hominins
6629:ethology
6452:Orthodox
6442:Haymanot
6383:Mahdavia
6349:Smartism
6344:Shaktism
6339:Shaivism
6327:Hinduism
6250:Baptists
6186:Nichiren
6181:Mahayana
6174:Buddhism
6162:Tengrism
6037:Folklore
6022:Journals
5781:Slametan
5741:Babaylan
5736:Angakkuq
5486:Religion
5480:folklore
5364:'s 1985
5356:and the
4891:Journals
4488:Chiefdom
4465:Polities
4351:a series
4349:Part of
4277:theories
4227:cultural
4038:Journals
3898:Syndemic
3768:a series
3766:Part of
3665:cultural
3645:Feminist
3630:cognates
3622:lineages
3339:Feminist
3330:in India
3270:Sudanese
3265:Hawaiian
3245:Iroquois
3236:By group
3187:Neolocal
3171:Extended
3091:Cognatic
3036:Sororate
3031:Levirate
2991:Polygamy
2986:Polygyny
2981:Monogamy
2966:Endogamy
2956:Marriage
2946:Affinity
2900:a series
2898:Part of
2884:critical
2795:Economic
2477:Potlatch
2289:Economic
2280:a series
2278:Part of
2228:and the
1981:Tim Asch
1963:Folk art
1636:language
1544:economic
1489:the arts
1329:cultural
1316:physical
1272:ideology
1246:cultural
1104:agronomy
939:áŒÎœÎžÏÏÏÎżÏ
912:. Their
835:cultures
772:Journals
689:Feminism
475:Semiotic
415:Symbolic
410:Religion
345:Feminist
333:Economic
283:Cultural
237:Forensic
192:Maritime
187:Forensic
182:Feminist
157:Biblical
147:Aviation
112:Cultural
53:a series
51:Part of
12634:Related
12569:more...
12451:Trivium
12401:Culture
12375:Bildung
12317:Medical
12302:Digital
12252:Theatre
12205:History
12109:Commons
11940:history
11930:science
11865:studies
11599:History
11511:Primary
11497:History
11492:Outline
10953:: 407.
10913:(2007)
10381:9841421
10361:Bibcode
10353:Science
10122:18 June
9950:6485383
9913:Bibcode
9707:(1980)
9643:(1944)
9498:: 523.
9027:3277334
8917:2901255
8571:: 293.
8224:2803828
8174:3033407
8074:2171126
7919:Bibcode
7380:Culture
7318:Terrain
7210:Olduwan
7161:Before
7113:(AAA).
7063:torture
7061:), and
6880:anatomy
6872:zoology
6868:physics
6864:geology
6821:hominid
6641:zoology
6483:Sikhism
6464:Jainism
6447:Karaite
6437:Hasidic
6420:Judaism
6315:Quakers
6211:Tibetan
6206:Tiantai
6196:Shingon
6132:KejawĂšn
6058:Oceania
5532:Animism
5421:beliefs
5375:Digital
4596:Mandala
4429:Big man
4410:Age set
4279:of the
4243:emotion
4133:Medical
3777:Medical
3726:female
3693:history
3626:affines
3614:descent
3602:Kinship
3597:Kinship
3591:Kinship
3348:Chambri
3316:Chinese
3311:Burmese
3192:Nuclear
3079:Descent
3062:Fictive
2971:Exogamy
2941:Lineage
2909:kinship
2849:Applied
2484:Gifting
2328:Finance
2293:applied
1865:Museums
1532:kinship
1398:of the
1177:Société
1082:anatomy
947:") and
927:of the
902:Germany
895:history
627:Society
575:Culture
390:Musical
385:Museums
380:Medical
365:Kinship
318:Digital
293:Applied
85:History
80:Outline
12716:Humans
12490:Wisdom
12422:
12362:Beauty
12335:Themes
12322:Public
12312:Health
12220:Poetry
11800:public
11742:social
11634:social
11533:social
11286:
10957:
10930:
10847:
10826:
10780:
10759:
10711:23 May
10574:
10566:
10527:
10492:
10409:
10387:
10379:
10227:682051
10225:
10217:
10179:
10097:
10019:
10011:
9957:
9947:
9939:
9905:Nature
9867:
9815:
9794:
9761:
9753:
9715:
9688:
9625:481465
9623:
9541:
9461:683339
9459:
9408:
9377:
9352:
9315:
9265:
9200:
9103:
9034:
9024:
9016:
8985:2 June
8946:
8915:
8855:
8831:
8808:
8798:
8737:
8662:
8528:
8495:
8382:1 June
8331:
8276:
8245:
8222:
8172:
8072:
8064:
8014:
7984:
7953:"Home"
7937:
7779:
7727:
7681:Koroth
7564:again.
7509:Brutus
7277:, and
7047:sexism
7043:racism
6983:Ethics
6818:fossil
6743:, and
6671:racial
6494:Social
6457:Reform
6432:Haredi
6403:Sufism
6157:Shinto
6147:Shindo
6142:Noaidi
6122:Hanitu
6081:Ethnic
5776:Pawang
5771:JhÄkri
5730:Ritual
5637:Ritual
5617:Oracle
5537:Augury
5338:Cyborg
5297:Social
5271:(1981)
5241:(2011)
5205:(CCRU)
5191:(2009)
5009:Public
4922:Social
4591:Negara
4333:, and
4327:ritual
4253:, and
4092:Social
3797:Health
3709:sexism
3705:gender
3105:Lineal
2976:Moiety
2936:Family
2902:on the
2754:Social
2353:Wealth
2318:Barter
2295:, and
2236:Visual
2082:Social
1659:, and
1461:, and
1362:Fields
1343:; and
1323:social
1264:holism
1241:social
1088:, and
969:French
931:words
841:, and
602:Gender
532:Holism
430:Visual
405:Public
308:Cyborg
278:Social
142:Aerial
122:Social
12247:Music
12242:Dance
11970:urban
11774:urban
11769:rural
11619:human
11582:human
11502:Index
11284:S2CID
10955:JSTOR
10705:(PDF)
10698:(PDF)
10641:2 May
10611:2 May
10572:S2CID
10564:JSTOR
10385:S2CID
10223:JSTOR
10064:(PDF)
10057:(PDF)
10017:S2CID
9966:(PDF)
9901:(PDF)
9759:S2CID
9751:JSTOR
9621:JSTOR
9457:JSTOR
9243:8 May
8979:(PDF)
8968:(PDF)
8913:JSTOR
8769:(PDF)
8758:(PDF)
8612:9 May
8584:(PDF)
8561:(PDF)
8342:(PDF)
8321:(PDF)
8220:JSTOR
8170:JSTOR
8070:JSTOR
7725:S2CID
7488:Notes
7463:Lists
7118:state
7069:, to
6837:teeth
6553:Urban
6408:Sunni
6378:Ibadi
6366:Islam
6127:Hausa
6102:Anito
5761:Dukun
5751:Bomoh
5706:Magic
5677:Totem
4986:Legal
4580:State
4483:Tribe
4454:Chief
4444:Elder
4401:Caste
4052:Ethos
3353:Mosuo
3255:Omaha
3016:Dowry
2348:Value
2197:Music
2150:Media
1726:dance
1722:music
1718:media
1332:, or
961:study
955:λÏγοÏ
949:lĂłgos
945:human
929:Greek
751:Lists
632:Value
510:cyber
425:Urban
375:Media
370:Legal
96:Types
12406:High
12038:List
11436:2015
11259:2016
10951:1999
10928:ISBN
10845:ISBN
10824:ISBN
10778:ISBN
10757:ISBN
10713:2023
10643:2019
10613:2019
10583:2022
10525:ISSN
10490:ISSN
10453:2016
10407:ISBN
10377:PMID
10338:2007
10312:2016
10239:2017
10215:ISSN
10177:ISBN
10124:2017
10095:ISBN
10009:PMID
9974:2019
9955:PMID
9937:ISSN
9883:2020
9865:ISBN
9841:2011
9813:ISBN
9792:ISBN
9713:ISBN
9686:ISBN
9575:2021
9539:ISBN
9516:2016
9473:2016
9406:ISBN
9375:ISBN
9350:ISBN
9331:2013
9313:ISBN
9292:2013
9263:ISBN
9245:2020
9198:ISBN
9164:link
9101:ISBN
9069:link
9032:PMID
9014:ISSN
8987:2010
8944:ISBN
8853:ISBN
8829:ISBN
8806:OCLC
8796:ISBN
8777:2023
8735:ISBN
8660:ISBN
8614:2020
8526:ISSN
8493:ISBN
8459:2017
8416:2012
8384:2013
8329:ISBN
8274:ISBN
8243:ISBN
8154:RAIN
8062:ISSN
8012:ISBN
7982:ISBN
7965:2015
7935:PMID
7777:ISBN
7694:2015
7642:2013
7163:WWII
7057:and
6831:and
6812:and
6715:and
6699:and
6639:and
6603:and
6496:and
6398:Shia
6107:Atua
6083:and
5766:Miko
5756:Bora
5602:Mana
5299:and
4924:and
4625:Kapu
4335:text
4331:diet
4323:myth
4287:and
4229:and
4202:and
4172:and
4094:and
3779:and
3750:and
3628:", "
3624:", "
3620:", "
3616:", "
3250:Crow
3066:Milk
3051:Clan
2756:and
2323:Debt
2084:and
1815:Film
1731:film
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