Neutral country - Knowledge

573:(PESCO) in defense at the end of 2017, the EU's activity on military matters has increased. The policy was designed to be inclusive and allows states to opt in or out of specific forms of military cooperation. That has allowed most of the neutral states to participate, but opinions still vary. Some members of the Irish Parliament considered Ireland's joining PESCO as an abandonment of neutrality. It was passed with the government arguing that its opt-in nature allowed Ireland to "join elements of PESCO that were beneficial such as counter-terrorism, cybersecurity and peacekeeping... what we are not going to be doing is buying aircraft carriers and fighter jets". Malta, as of December 2017, is the only neutral state not to participate in PESCO. The Maltese government argued that it was going to wait and see how PESCO develops to see whether it would compromise Maltese neutrality. 1666: 1490: 312: 559: 485: 1080: 1594: 1634: 863: 1393: 1278: 1214: 949: 755: 798: 1442: 1249: 1353: 1317: 1145: 924: 1105: 895: 429:, which is still in effect. In the field of political science, this is the first historical example of armed neutrality, however, scholars like Carl Kulsrud argue that the concept of armed neutrality was introduced even earlier. Within 90 years before the First League of Armed Neutrality was established, neutral powers had joined forces no less than three times. As early as 1613, 295:. The form of recognition varies, often by bilateral treaty (Finland), multilateral treaty (Austria) or a UN declaration (Turkmenistan). These treaties can in some ways be forced on a country (Austria's neutrality was insisted upon by the Soviet Union) but in other cases it is an active policy of the country concerned to respond to a geopolitical situation ( 562:, which obliges states to assist a fellow member that is the victim of armed aggression. It accords "an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in power" but would "not prejudice the specific character of the security and defense policy of certain Member States" (neutral policies), allowing members to respond with non-military aid. Ireland's 209:, or by its own declaration, to be neutral towards the belligerents of all future wars. An example of a permanently neutral power is Switzerland. The concept of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognized right to remain neutral. 2340:(Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) was signed in 1948, the Soviets sought to deter Western or Allied Powers from attacking the Soviet Union through Finnish territory, and the Finns sought to increase Finland's political independence from the Soviet Union. The treaty came to an end in 1992. 365:. The Swiss and the Swedes each have a long history of neutrality: they have not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 and 1814, respectively. Switzerland continues to pursue, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. According to 670:

similarly made concessions to Nazi requests as well as to Allied requests. Sweden was also involved in intelligence operations with the Allies, including listening stations in Sweden and espionage in Germany. Spain offered to join the war on the side of Nazi Germany in 1940, allowed Axis ships and

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In its Declaration of Sovereignty (1990), Ukraine declared it had the "intention of becoming a permanently neutral state that does not participate in military blocs and adheres to three nuclear free principles" (art. 9). The 1996 Ukrainian Constitution, based upon the Declaration of Independence of

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For the country concerned, the policy is usually codified beyond the treaty itself. Austria and Japan codify their neutrality in their constitutions, but they do so with different levels of detail. Some details of neutrality are left to be interpreted by the government while others are explicitly

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vessels may use neutral ports for a maximum of 24 hours, though neutrals may impose different restrictions. Exceptions are to make repairs—only the minimum necessary to put back to sea—or if an opposing belligerent's vessel is already in port, in which case it must have a 24-hour head start. A

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Armed neutrality is the posture of a state or group of states that has no alliance with either side of a war but asserts that it will defend itself against resulting incursions from any party, making the benefit to a belligerent of entering the country by force not worth the cost.

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state is one that indirectly participates in a war by politically or materially helping one side of the conflict and thus not participating militarily. For example, it may allow its territory to be used for the war effort. Contrary to neutrality, this term is not defined under

425:. The establishment of the First League of Armed Neutrality was viewed by Americans as a mark of Russian friendship and sympathy. This league had a lasting impact of Russian-American relations and the relations of those two powers and Britain. It was also the basis for 6626: 303:

stated; for example, Austria may not host any foreign bases, and Japan cannot participate in foreign wars. Yet Sweden, lacking formal codification, was more flexible during the Second World War in allowing troops to pass through its territory.

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missions for the United Nations are seen as intertwined with it. The Swiss electorate rejected a 1994 proposal to join UN peacekeeping operations. Despite this, 23 Swiss observers and police have been deployed around the world in UN projects.

357:, which was invented in the late 18th century but has since been used only to refer to countries' neutralities. Sweden and Switzerland are independently of each other famed for their armed neutralities, which they maintained throughout both 2410:

exercised its sovereignty after the fall of Denmark in 1940, and declared its neutrality. The United States became a protecting power over the island to ward off Axis invasion, and Greenland later joined the war alongside the U.S. in

4704: 194:. Although countries have historically often declared themselves as neutral at the outbreak of war, there is no obligation for them to do so. The rights and duties of a neutral power are defined in sections 5 and 13 of the 2571:

declared its neutrality in 1940 after the fall of Denmark, but was thereafter invaded and occupied by British troops. The government later requested the United States assume the role of its defense for the duration of the

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may not be transported across neutral territory, but the wounded may be. A neutral power may supply communication facilities to belligerents, but not war materiel, although it need not prevent export of such materiel.

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For example, Ireland, which sought guarantees for its neutrality in EU treaties, argues that its neutrality does not mean that Ireland should avoid engagement in international affairs such as peacekeeping operations.

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Tonga retained its sovereignty while a protectorate of the United Kingdom. It declared war on the Axis in 1939 and 1941, respectively. Since the end of the war, Tongan forces have participated minimally in foreign

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The confederation never made peace with Germany following the end of World War I. They subsequently issued a second war declaration in 1942 following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States joining the

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was pledged to perpetual neutrality in international relations and to abstention from mediation in a controversy unless specifically requested by all parties" thus making Vatican City neutral since then.

590:"Neutrality is a negative word. It does not express what America ought to feel. We are not trying to keep out of trouble; we are trying to preserve the foundations on which peace may be rebuilt.” 372:

In contrast, some neutral states may heavily reduce their military and use it for the express purpose of home defense and the maintenance of their neutrality, while other neutral states may

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position wherein a state intends to remain neutral in future wars. A sovereign state that reserves the right to become a belligerent if attacked by a party to the war is in a condition of

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Declared its neutrality again in 1939 at the start of the Second World War, but granted Allied forces early access to its territory. Liberia served as one of the Allies' only sources of

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Neutrality has been recognised in different ways, and sometimes involves a formal guarantor. For example, Switzerland and Belgium's neutrality was recognized by the signatories of the

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announced at the United Nations General Assembly that Mongolia would implement a "policy of permanent neutrality," and called on the international community to recognise this policy.

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Armed neutrality is a term used in international politics for the attitude of a state or group of states that makes no alliance with either side in a war. It is the condition of a

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Conversely, had Ireland been invaded, the United Kingdom had drawn up secret plans to invade Ireland in collaboration with the Irish Government to push Germany back out, known as

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Military preparedness without commitment, especially as the expressed policy of a neutral nation in wartime, and the readiness to counter with force an invasion of rights by any

663:, making it possible for British planes to attack German U-boats in the mid-Atlantic. On the other hand, both Axis and Allied pilots who crash landed in Ireland were interned. 6147: 513:

of whether some states are as neutral as they claim has been questioned in some circles, although this depends largely on a state's interpretation of its form of neutrality.

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that allowed the US to provide military aid to the allies, despite opposition from non-interventionist members. The "Cash and carry" program was replaced in March 1941 by

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After the war, it was discovered that Germany had drawn up plans to invade Ireland in order to use the country for launching attacks into the United Kingdom, known as

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to aid the Nazi war effort. Portugal officially stayed neutral, but actively supported both the Allies by providing overseas naval bases, and Germany by selling

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The British Government's note affirming its neutrlality in the French-Prussian War of 1871, and answering Prussian allegations of a hidden pro-French bias

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24 August 1991, contained the basic principles of non-coalition and future neutrality. Such policy of state non-alignment was re-confirmed by law in 2010.

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Bemis, Samuel. "The United States and the Abortive Armed Neutrality of 1794. In "The American Historical Review, Vol. 24, No. 1 (October 1918), pp. 26-47

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followed an isolationist foreign policy. It had previously formed an alliance with Italy in 1936, yet it remained neutral for the duration of the war.

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Self-imposed, permanent, and armed, designed to ensure external security. Because of that, it is the most globally known example of a neutral country.

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Following liberation by Allied forces, Thailand would remain in the camp of the anti-communist Western military bloc, sending troops to fight in the

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Some countries may occasionally claim to be "neutral" but not comply with the internationally agreed upon definition of neutrality as listed above.

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with the help of the United States among other anti-communist countries. Laos's neutrality can therefore be described as a "false neutrality".

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during the Civil War. The U.S. government required the tribes to abolish slavery in exchange for a renewed recognition of their independence.

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Stephen Neff: "Three-Fold Struggle over Neutrality: The American Experience in the 1930s" In: Pascal Lottaz/Herbert R. Reginbogin (eds.):

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In 2012, the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the Concept of foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted.

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Equally, Vatican City made various diplomatic concessions to the Axis and Allied powers alike, while still keeping to the rules of the

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Fenwick, Charles. "The Status of Armed Neutrality." The American Political Science Review, Vol. 11, No. 2 (May 1917), pp. 388–389

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Kulsrud, Carl J. "Armed Neutrality to 1870." The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 29, No. 3 (July 1935), pp. 423–447

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Their fulfillment to the letter of the rules of neutrality has been questioned: Ireland supplied important secret information to the

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Switzerland has no law that allows it to impose sanctions by itself, it can only adopt sanctions from the UN Security Council, the

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Sweden also made concessions to the German Reich during the war to maintain its neutrality, the biggest concession was to let the

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re-established Switzerland and its permanent neutrality was guaranteed by France, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom and others.

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The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800: A Collection of Official Documents Preceded by the Views of Representative Publicists.

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The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800: A Collection of Official Documents Preceded by the Views of Representative Publicists,

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The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800: A Collection of Official Documents Preceded by the Views of Representative Publicists,

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joined powers to continue their maritime exploration without the commitment of being involved in wartime struggles on the sea.

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Switzerland is a prominent example of a country outside of any military alliance, but maintaining a strong deterrent force.

296: 258:. Belligerent armies may not recruit neutral citizens, but they may go abroad to enlist. Belligerent armies' personnel and 6471:

Hayes, Carlton. "Armed Neutrality with a Purpose." In "The Advocate of Peace." Vol. 79, No. 3 (March 1917), pp. 74–77

6398: 6386: 5230: 4730: 1542:; in what the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation described as the nation's "first military deployment since 1815." During the 6751: 4017:"The Avalon Project - Laws of War : Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War (Hague XIII); October 18, 1907" 3375:

Recognized by the U.S. and European powers, Texas remained neutral in international disuputes during its short existence.

3314: 2461: 705: 291:, Austria has its neutrality guaranteed by its four former occupying powers, and Finland by the Soviet Union during the 99:

holds to "armed neutrality", to deter aggression with a sizeable military, while barring itself from foreign deployment.

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Leos Müller: "The Forgotten History of Maritime Neutrality, 1500-1800". In: Pascal Lottaz/Herbert R. Reginbogin (eds.):

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in 1944, the Sammarinese government declared war on the Axis, and joined with British forces in Italy to drive them out.

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may not invade neutral territory, and a neutral power's resisting any such attempt does not compromise its neutrality.

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Sweden has not been part of a war since 1814. This makes Sweden the nation which has had the longest period of peace.

6597: 6559: 6545: 6497: 6483: 6463: 6449: 5240: 3883: 3641: 3634: 2478: 2472: 2389: 1886: 1509: 441: 68: 5204: 5016: 460:. It occurred during 1800 and 1801. The idea of this second league was to protect neutral shipping from the British 190:

which refrains from joining either side of the conflict and adheres to the principle of the Law of Neutrality under

5570: 4345: 4227: 1681: 1566: 570: 410: 346: 143: 6260: 5639: 5884: 5849: 3369: 3306: 2835: 2751: 2703: 2197: 2168: 2072: 1570: 659:, some of it supplied by Ireland but kept from Germany. Ireland also secretly allowed Allied aircraft to use the 122:'s traditional policy was not to participate in military alliances, with the intention of staying neutral in the 5550: 1535:

Swiss neutrality was so rigorously defended that the country refused even to join the United Nations until 2002.

6835: 4677:"Exili i evasions al Principat d'Andorra durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola i la Segona Guerra Mundial 1936-1945" 3908: 3888: 3773: 3136:

While neutral throughout World War II, Portugal became non-belligerent towards the Allies, as evidenced in the

2503: 464:. However, Britain took this as the alliance taking up sides with France, and attacked Denmark leading to the 5442:"PRESS STATEMENT : EU facilitated dialogue: Agreement on Regional Cooperation and IBM technical protocol" 6770: 6234: 3750: 3424: 3382:

in the Civil War, but Houston was overthrown in a coup d'etat and replaced with a pro-Confederate government.

3046: 2606: 1897: 1810: 1236: 694: 727:. The Holy See has been criticized—but largely exonerated later—for its silence on moral issues of the war. 6825: 6108: 5822: 5715: 3137: 3130: 2549: 2509: 2267: 2066: 2015: 6526:

Marabello, Thomas Quinn (2023). "Challenges to Swiss Democracy: Neutrality, Napoleon, & Nationalism,"

5401:"A Timeline of Diplomatic Ruptures, Unannounced Invasions, Declarations of War, Armistices and Surrenders" 4788: 6830: 6303: 4763: 3706: 2839: 2755: 2553: 2259: 2201: 1477: 465: 6631: 468:(1801) and the taking of Copenhagen by the British. The alliance was forced to withdraw from the league. 341:

Armed neutrality makes a seemingly-neutral state take up arms for protection to maintain its neutrality.

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For many states, such as Ireland, neutrality does not mean the absence of any foreign interventionism.

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There have been considerable changes to the interpretation of neutral conduct over the past centuries.

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China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace

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of a neutral power must be surrendered by the belligerent to the neutral, which must intern its crew.

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Liberia declared its neutrality in 1914, later joining after pressure from the United States in 1917.

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Aditi Sangal; Adrienne Vogt; Rhea Mogul; Lianne Kolirin; Sana Noor Haq; Matias Grez (17 May 2022).

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replaced their standing army with a military guarantee from a stronger power or participation in a

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power during a war to hold itself ready to resist by force, any aggression of either belligerent.

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or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into

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was forced to declare its neutrality between the Axis and Western powers. However, following an

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Has adapted policy to protect its interests. During the Finnish Civil War, Sweden intervened on

5002: 4789:"L'Andorra "fosca " i l'Andorra "generosa " durant la Segona Guerra Mundial Claudi Benet i Mas" 3852: 3826: 3667: 2792: 2641: 2326: 982: 879: 648: 617: 510: 418: 111: 6713: 6536:

Murdoch, James C. and Sandler, Todd. "Swedish Military Expenditures and Armed Neutrality." In

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became a buffer zone between the Soviet bloc and the West. Insisting in its neutrality in the

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However, it declared war on Germany during World War I in 1917 following the series of German

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under the rule of the Dalai Lama, Tibet was internationally recognized as a province of China.

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power and significantly reduced Oklahoma's independence in the following decades. A series of

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Petropoulos, Jonathan, "Co-Opting Nazi Germany: Neutrality in Europe During World War II."

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1990, p. 117; Murdoch and Sandler, "Swedish Military Expenditures and Armed Neutrality," in

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While maintaining its neutrality, Yugoslavia did diplomatically support South Korea and the

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in the early 2000s, Mexico ignored the previous neutrality policy under foreign secretaries

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was signed in 1920 and expiration in 1939, treaty confirmed the border between Finland and

2233: 2117: 2097: 2036: 1985: 1960: 1882: 1750: 1699: 1653: 1621: 1519: 1408: 1380: 1340: 1304: 380:). However, the lack of a military does not always result in neutrality: Countries such as 206: 163: 6791: 5790:

The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Volume 1: The Origins of the Falklands War

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which governed Oklahoma remained neutral towards external affairs, before siding with the

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during the war when the plantations of Southeast Asia had been taken over by the Japanese.

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Mongolia was neutral during World War I, but became a belligerent country in World War II.

369:, "To be neutral you must be ready to be highly militarized, like Switzerland or Sweden." 8: 6142: 4437: 3903: 3569: 3325: 3202: 2486: 2453: 2359: 2304: 2101: 2086: 1847: 1229: 1201: 1067: 954: 771: 613: 536: 389: 354: 107: 3503: 777:

Neutral during World War I and World War II. While serving as a smuggling route between

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The Kingdom of Hawaii remained neutral for much of its existence, including during the

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by secretly sharing intelligence and weather reports as well as by repatriating downed

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in 1910, which delegated its foreign relations to the United Kingdom, Bhutan became a

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and guaranteed by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France).

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Declaration for the Purpose of establishing Similar Rules of Neutrality, with Annexes

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during the Bosnian War (1992–1995). Swedish military forces also participated in the

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from belligerent actions to a greater extent than other non-combatants such as enemy

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on 8 December 1941, which led to an armistice and military alliance treaty with the

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The constitution prohibits military alliances and foreign military bases in Austria.

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to be transferred from Norway to Finland by Swedish trains, to aid the Finns in the

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submarines to use its ports, imported war materials for Germany, and sent a Spanish

5944:"Suomi lähettää aseita Ukrainalle – Pääministeri Marin: "Päätös on historiallinen"" 5858: 5743: 5481: 5175: 4933: 4634: 3355: 3025: 3008: 2447: 2322: 2318: 2218: 1817: 1505: 1160: 1034: 964: 836: 713: 709: 660: 366: 350: 220: 131: 92: 5421: 5319:"Why Mongolia wants to "permanently neutral" can be authorized for an observation" 5232:

The Peacetime Use of Foreign Military Installations Under Modern International Law

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While neutral throughout World War I and World War II, Spain did lean towards the

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cards/the-first-league-of-armed-neutrality "The First League of Armed Neutrality"

4251:. Vol. 11 (War and Neutrality). London. New York and Bombay: Longmans, Green 3898: 3428: 3417: 3191: 3088: 2649: 1182: 1174: 986: 621: 255: 227: 187: 135: 84: 44: 6401:

by Sandra Bott, Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Janick Schaufelbuehl and Marco Wyss, page 74

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That Neutral Island: A Cultural History of Ireland During the Second World War.

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Declared its neutrality 1939, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the

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Declared its neutrality 1938, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the

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Declared its neutrality 1938, but was thereafter forced to allow troops of the

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Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: Between or Within the Blocs?

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committed to it until its dissolution in 1938, after much German pressure the

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Occupied by the Allies in 1941, subsequently declared war on the Axis in 1943.

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Was clear that NATO would defend Ireland in the event of war, in part because

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and Spain, Andorra made concessions to both sides to maintain its sovereignty.

311: 30:"Neutral nation" redirects here. For the North American indigenous group, see 6809: 5691:"ОБ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРИНЦИПАХ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН" 3799: 3614: 3597: 3293:

Has nevertheless deployed combat troops to military conflicts overseas under

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on 23 July 1962, by 14 nations, including the five permanent members of the

87:. Different countries interpret their neutrality differently: some, such as 5318: 3878: 3873: 3793: 3764: 3742: 3698: 3626: 3546: 3531: 3495: 3455: 3402: 3302: 3169: 3122: 3000: 2958: 2909: 2877: 2868: 2831: 2822: 2784: 2747: 2738: 2598: 2586: 2541: 2393: 2293: 2193: 2184: 2153: 2121: 2058: 2007: 1940: 1869: 1825: 1802: 1741: 1671: 1599: 1422: 1333: 997: 996:

attempted to invade Ireland, but would take the British side if invaded by

832: 778: 687: 667: 637: 605: 497: 362: 159: 155: 127: 6676:"NationStates • View topic - The League of Armed Neutrality (FT alliance)" 6204:[This is the weapon Sweden sends to Ukraine: "Will give effect"]. 5862: 5485: 1550:

was given permission to use Swiss airspace for surveillance missions over

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Coleman, B. L. (October 2005). "The Colombian Army in Korea, 1950–1954".

5087:"Ireland to fund provision of non-lethal equipment to Ukrainian military" 5024: 3918: 3736: 3620: 3439: 3379: 3163: 2952: 2903: 2862: 2778: 2686: 2632: 2592: 2468: 2431: 2224: 2147: 2052: 2001: 1976: 1934: 1863: 1833: 1796: 1765: 1735: 1729: 1495: 1415: 656: 629: 358: 328: 272: 244: 123: 96: 48: 6071: 6059: 1569:. Switzerland has previously only put in place sanctions created by the 1472:, but also due to the ensuing secession of and territorial dispute with 1204:. Whether historical neutrality is to be kept is now internally debated. 1023:

but did not wish to be in an alliance that included the United Kingdom.

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of 1936 not to sell war materials to belligerents. Once war broke out,

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Not all neutral countries avoid any foreign deployment or alliances, as

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Declared its complete neutrality and had it formally recognized by the

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Declared its neutrality again in 1939, but following its occupation by

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by Wayne S. Vucinich and Jozo Tomasevich, Stanford University, page 64

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The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present

5911:"Finland Sends Defence Material to Ukraine, Considers Sending Weapons" 4945: 4921: 471:

A potential Third League of Armed Neutrality was discussed during the

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Keith Hartley and Todd Sandler, eds. Florence, Ky.: Routledge, 1990.

5555: 4174: 3730: 3420:, Thailand officially adopted a neutral position during World War II. 3266: 2816: 2640:

Declared neutrality at the beginning of World War I despite being in

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Opened its borders in the 20th century to political refugees fleeing

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stated their neutrality, but Sweden changed its position to that of

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Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913.

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Luukka, Teemu; Huhtanen, Jarmo; Muhonen, Helmi (28 February 2022).

5597:"Neutral Swiss join EU sanctions against Russia in break with past" 4937: 4392:

Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913,

4286: 3841: 3671: 3582: 3396: 3318: 3116: 3057: 2255: 2046: 1970: 1283: 911: 676: 641: 547:, the extent to which they are, or should be, neutral is debated. 292: 259: 147: 80: 4601: 3262: 1372:, Rwanda announced permanent neutrality in 2009 after joining the 531:

that still describe themselves as a neutral country in some form:

75:

status, nationals of neutral countries enjoy protection under the

6790: 6336:"Розвиток особливого партнерства України з НАТО - Україна - НАТО" 5915: 5739:

The Wangchuk Dynasty: 100 Years of Enlightened Monarchy in Bhutan

3692: 3659:

attacks on American merchant ships supplying war material to the

3563: 3270: 2772: 2535: 2243: 2178: 2111: 1857: 1759: 1468:

that is not seeking NATO membership, having been the target of a

1219: 1166:

Policy of neutrality since 1930, formulated by foreign secretary

1063: 803: 760: 609: 532: 453: 385: 239: 103: 6202:"Här är vapnet Sverige skickar till Ukraina: "Kommer ge effekt"" 6138:"Klart: Sverige skickar vapen och skyddsutrustning till Ukraina" 6004:"Finland to provide more defence materiel assistance to Ukraine" 3666:

and declared war on Japan in World War II in 1941 following the

2272:

Finland-Russia relations § Finnish NATO membership question

666:

Sweden and Switzerland, surrounded by possessions and allies of

6456:

The Missing link: West European Neutrals and Regional Security.

5690: 5471:"Serbia's Military Neutrality: origins, effects and challenges" 4329:

The Missing link: West European Neutrals and Regional Security,

3675: 3656: 3525: 3226: 2994: 2967: 2806: 2732: 2699: 1928: 1562: 1473: 1447: 1358: 1322: 1254: 1150: 1057:

due to its views on the use of force in international politics.

1011: 992:

It was believed that Ireland would take the German side if the

625: 119: 27:

State which is neutral towards belligerents in a given conflict

4528:. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013. 730: 345:

The term derives from the historic maritime neutrality of the

6752:"The Neutrality Act of 1937 . FDR . WGBH American Experience" 6387:

Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment

5379:"Neutral countries in the world in 2020: ideology and status" 4982:"Neutral countries in the world in 2020: ideology and status" 4960:"Neutral countries in the world in 2020: ideology and status" 4723:"La cruïlla andorrana de 1933: la revolució de la modernitat" 3777: 3758: 3489: 3449: 3157: 2897: 2626: 1995: 1824:

and a very likely invasion out of suspicion of alliance with

1538:

However, the Swiss Armed Forces participated in the U.S.-led

1121: 1120:

Policy of neutrality since 1980, guaranteed in a treaty with

1110: 929: 900: 652: 540: 414: 267: 5793:. Government Official History Series. Taylor & Francis. 3648:, the U.S. declared its neutrality at the beginning of both 1903:

Neutrality abolished again after World War II following the

608:. However, of the European states closest to the war, only 254:

belligerent troops who reach its territory, but not escaped

6606:. The History Channel website. 2014. Event occurs at 10:51 6538:

The Economics of Defence Spending: An International Survey.

5615:"Eigenständige Schweizer Sanktionen sind vorerst vom Tisch" 4895:"Costa Rica prohíbe por ley participar en cualquier guerra" 4264: 3682: 3604: 3586: 3553: 3339: 3213: 3144: 3015: 2981: 2884: 2846: 2762: 2711: 2680: 2667: 2576: 2518: 2415: 2373: 2208: 2130: 1911: 1780: 1692: 1577: 1551: 1020: 397: 393: 60: 6604:"Woodrow Wilson asks U.S. Congress for declaration of war" 5533:"Switzerland 'regrets' US sanctions against ICC employees" 4338: 154:

claimed military and ideological neutrality from both the

3844:, Yugoslavia became a founder and a leading force of the 3585:. Ukraine provided the third-largest number of forces in 3581:

However, the Ukrainian army participated in the U.S.-led

3246:

First nation in the world to declare neutrality in 1814.

2325:. The final peace treaty between Finland and many of the 682:

The United States was initially neutral and bound by the

183: 142:. Sweden would uphold its policy of neutrality until the 52: 6532:

https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss2/5

5144:"Ireland 'constructively abstains' from EU arms package" 2659:

in exchange for territorial cessions through the secret

6171:"Neutral countries support Ukraine against Russian war" 4926:

The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science

5823:"Colombia's legacy with Korea | The City Paper Bogotá" 4540:"Neutrality - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade" 5941: 4368:"Edwin Reischauer, Diplomat and Scholar, Dies at 79," 3859:, accusing the Soviet Union of starting the conflict. 2966:

Self-imposed neutrality between 1839 and 1940 on the

1710: 981:

Despite this policy, Ireland made concessions to the

3985:

The Rights and Duties of Neutrals: A General History

701:, effectively ending the US pretense of neutrality. 5003:

Neutrality in the 21st century - Lessons for Serbia

604:Many countries made neutrality declarations during 6592:Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007. 5311: 4489: 1896:Proclaimed neutrality in October 1936 and severed 1613:on 12 December 1995. This date is designated as a 566:prohibits participating in such a common defence. 376:altogether (examples of states doing this include 6801:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 441–450. 6554:Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2006. 6478:2d ed. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. 5742:. The Centre for Bhutan Studies. pp. 35–37. 5498:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4641:, Lanham (MD): Lexington Books 2019, pp. 215-238. 2876:Neutral stance since 1839, abolished through its 2696:International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos 576: 6807: 6454:Bissell, Richard E. and Gasteyger, Curt Walter. 6444:Alcester, Warwickshire, U.K.: READ BOOKS, 2007. 6362:"Рада закріпила в Конституції курс на ЄС і НАТО" 6057: 5571:"Switzerland adopts EU sanctions against Russia" 5235:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 99–100. 3942: 3324:Has provided military aid to Ukraine during the 3277:, while also protecting refugees from the Nazis. 2358:Has provided military aid to Ukraine during the 6193: 6106: 5885:"El Salvador withdraws last soldiers from Iraq" 4815: 4612: 4169:Gärtner, Heinz (2023). "Great Power Conflict". 1516:Aerial incidents in Switzerland in World War II 693:persuaded Congress to replace the act with the 282: 6034:"Sweden signs application for NATO membership" 4583:"The WWII camp where Allies and Germans mixed" 4222: 2028:Provided aid to the United Kingdom during the 655:was decided on the basis of incoming Atlantic 403: 240:Rights and responsibilities of a neutral power 6733:"Armed Neutrality Law & Legal Definition" 6512:Lottaz, Pascal/Reginbogin, Herbert R. (eds.) 6168: 5361:"Rwanda becomes a member of the Commonwealth" 5075:Lilliput Press; Rev. ed edition, 1989. p. 223 4618: 4451:Kulsrud, Carl J. "Armed Neutrality to 1780". 4318:, Lanham (MD): Lexington Books 2019, pp.67-86 4294:"Armed Neutrality Law & Legal Definition" 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 3603:In 2017 Ukraine enshrined the desire to join 2685:1955–1975 (ostensibly neutral throughout the 2321:was signed on 19 September 1944, ending the 2315:took effect on 13 March 1940 to 24 June 1941. 1053:Was granted a special acknowledgement in the 3973:, Lanham (MD): Lexington Books 2019, pp.3-28 3943:Lottaz, Pascal; Reginbogin, Herbert (2019). 3331:Abandoned neutrality in favor of becoming a 2481:in a U.S.-backed coup d'état, replaced by a 2365:Abandoned neutrality in favor of becoming a 1832:to persuade Argentina to declare war to the 1691:signed in 1929 with Italy imposed that "The 18:Country neutrality (international relations) 6458:Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990. 6413:"Europe's Détente and Yugoslavia's Decline" 5353: 4497:"Protecting neutrality in a militarised EU" 1557:The Swiss adopted sanctions imposed by the 731:List of countries proclaiming to be neutral 523:Neutral member states in the European Union 6261:"Ukraine's Neutrality: A Myth or Reality?" 5551:"US allowed limited use of Swiss airspace" 5422:Enclosed by NATO, Serbia ponders next move 5262: 5045: 4892: 4834: 4199: 3987:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2655:Later renounced neutrality and joined the 2296:. The treaty was signed in Tartu, Estonia. 1055:Seville Declarations on the Treaty of Nice 6286:"Ukraine Parliament Ok's neutrality bill" 6235:"Sverige skickar fler vapen till Ukraina" 6199: 6169:Binnur Donmez, Beyza (28 February 2022). 5287:"Constitution of the Republic of Moldova" 5228: 5084: 4621:World War II: The Axis Assault, 1939-1940 4244: 6585:New York: Oxford University Press, 1918. 6528:Swiss American Historical Society Review 6135: 5786: 5665:"Turkmenistan celebrates Neutrality Day" 4818:Nova aproximació a la història d'Andorra 4619:Brinkley, Douglas; Rubel, David (2003). 3668:Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor 1816:Declared neutrality at the start of the 483: 444:was an effort to revive this during the 310: 6788: 5887:. The Jerusalem Post. 7 February 2009. 5846: 5820: 5594: 5512: 5478:Croatian International Relations Review 5008: 4922:"Ghana, the West, and the Soviet Union" 4781: 4523:International peace-keeping operations. 4168: 3924:Neutral and Non-Aligned European States 3829:and subsequently carved up by the Axis. 2418:member since 1949 as a part of Denmark. 1801:1939–1945 (attempted neutrality during 1464:Serbia is the only state in the former 1296:In September 2015, Mongolian President 421:to protect neutral shipping during the 205:is a sovereign state which is bound by 14: 6808: 6695:"The First League of Armed Neutrality" 6566:International Law: War and Neutrality. 6318:"Ukraine votes to drop neutral status" 6232: 6136:Storkaas, Adelina (28 February 2022). 6091: 5762:"Chile admits helping UK in Falklands" 5141: 4919: 4844:. World Desk Reference. Archived from 4346:"Switzerland - Knowledge Encyclopedia" 3480:Invaded and annexed by Communist China 3265:. In World War II it allowed the Nazi 2508:1956 (attempted neutrality during the 1770:1968 (attempted neutrality during the 275:ship captured by a belligerent in the 6410: 6304:"Ukrainians complete mission in Iraq" 6214:from the original on 28 February 2022 6200:Ruderstam, Jacob (27 February 2022). 6181:from the original on 28 February 2022 6150:from the original on 28 February 2022 6027: 6025: 5956:from the original on 28 February 2022 5891:from the original on 22 December 2015 5735: 5595:Shields, Michael (28 February 2022). 5468: 5265:"Adiós a la neutralidad - La Jornada" 5156:from the original on 27 February 2022 5123:from the original on 28 February 2022 5097:from the original on 27 February 2022 5085:Gallagher, Conor (27 February 2022). 4526:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs 4453:American Journal of International Law 6841:Neutrality (international relations) 6516:Lanham (MD): Lexington Books, 2019. 5640:"A/RES/50/80; U.N. General Assembly" 3982: 2307:was signed in 1940, which ended the 2162:Military dictatorship in El Salvador 712:. The decision caused a political " 114:and a political alliance within the 5178:. United States Department of State 5073:Neutral Ireland and the Third Reich 4537: 4450: 4403: 4162: 3540:German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship 3315:2011 military intervention in Libya 3287: 2352: 1132: 1047: 970:Established a policy of neutrality 850: 543:. With the development of the EU's 504: 353:and Russia under the leadership of 306: 24: 6060:"Native Americans in World War II" 6022: 5632: 5142:Murphy, David (27 February 2022). 4623:. USA: MacMillan. pp. 99–106. 4333:The Economics of Defence Spending, 3894:Neutral powers during World War II 3545:Signed a non-aggression pact with 3066:U.S.-backed territorial government 2838:by it 1940 in accordance with the 2754:by it 1940 in accordance with the 2200:by it 1940 in accordance with the 1711:List of formerly neutral countries 1461:declared armed neutrality in 2007. 583:Neutral powers during World War II 545:Common Security and Defence Policy 25: 6852: 6620: 6092:Treuer, David (22 January 2019). 5923:from the original on 8 March 2022 5821:Saldaña, Juliana (2 April 2013). 5014: 3635:United States non-interventionism 3288:points of debate § European Union 3269:passage through its territory to 2353:points of debate § European Union 1510:Switzerland during the World Wars 1239:proclaims "permanent neutrality". 1133:points of debate § European Union 1048:points of debate § European Union 851:points of debate § European Union 516: 442:Second League of Armed Neutrality 6552:Ireland and the Global Question. 6530:, Vol. 59: No. 2. Available at: 6492:Florence, Ky.: Routledge, 1988. 6404: 6392: 6380: 6354: 6328: 6310: 6296: 6278: 6253: 6226: 6162: 6129: 5515:"Switzerland decides to join UN" 5381:. institut-ega.org. 30 June 2020 5321:. Tencent News. 22 October 2015. 5176:"Background Note: Liechtenstein" 4984:. institut-ega.org. 30 June 2020 4962:. institut-ega.org. 30 June 2020 4599: 4538:Affairs, Department of Foreign. 3813:Although founding member of the 2938:civil wars under UN supervision. 2278:Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia) 2260:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 1682:Vatican City during World War II 1664: 1632: 1592: 1488: 1440: 1391: 1351: 1336:is enshrined by specific treaty. 1315: 1276: 1247: 1212: 1143: 1103: 1078: 947: 922: 914:, officially neutral since 2012. 910:Attempted neutrality during the 893: 861: 796: 753: 586: 571:Permanent Structured Cooperation 488:Irish units on UN patrol in the 411:First League of Armed Neutrality 347:First League of Armed Neutrality 144:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 6431: 6368:(in Ukrainian). 7 February 2019 6338:. 12 April 2019. Archived from 6100: 6085: 6051: 5996: 5968: 5935: 5903: 5877: 5850:The Journal of Military History 5840: 5814: 5780: 5754: 5729: 5708: 5683: 5657: 5607: 5588: 5563: 5543: 5525: 5506: 5462: 5434: 5415: 5393: 5371: 5325: 5279: 5256: 5222: 5190: 5168: 5135: 5109: 5078: 5065: 5039: 4996: 4974: 4952: 4913: 4886: 4860: 4816:Guillamet Anton, Jordi (2009). 4809: 4745: 4715: 4697: 4669: 4644: 4627: 4593: 4575: 4550: 4531: 4516: 4476: 4459: 4444: 4397: 4376: 4360: 4321: 4308: 4238: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 3716:civil war under UN supervision. 3370:Texas in the American Civil War 2704:United Nations Security Council 2462:Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895) 2073:List of wars involving Colombia 1571:United Nations Security Council 1095:Military was dissolved in 1868. 1037:belonged to the United Kingdom. 644:) remained neutral to the end. 527:There are three members of the 479: 297:Ireland in the Second World War 162:, becoming a co-founder of the 6816:International relations theory 6568:London: Longmans, Green, 1906. 6233:Stahle, Nils (23 March 2022). 5513:Carroll, Rory (4 March 2002). 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4009: 3991: 3976: 3963: 3936: 3909:Policy of deliberate ambiguity 3889:International humanitarian law 770:Occupied by France during the 706:163rd German Infantry Division 577:Neutrality during World War II 215:or a "neutralist policy" is a 172: 13: 1: 6442:The Struggle for the Pacific. 6292:. Kyiv, Ukraine. 4 June 2010. 5488:(inactive 12 September 2024). 4484:The Struggle for the Pacific, 3929: 3884:European Union–NATO relations 3751:Venezuela during World War II 3425:Japanese invasion of Thailand 3102:Conquered by Britain in 1900. 2923:Aided the British during the 2607:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 2290:Finnish volunteer expeditions 1811:Argentina during World War II 1062:Has provided military aid to 6714:"League of Armed Neutrality" 6661:Americanforeignrelations.com 6550:O'Sullivan, Michael Joseph. 6490:Neutrality and Small States. 5263:La Jornada (27 April 2007). 4920:Anglin, Douglas (May 1958). 4471:Neutrality and Small States, 4388:Neutrality and Small States, 4228:"Neutral European countries" 4150:Hague Convention, §13 Art.16 4141:Hague Convention, §13 Art.14 4132:Hague Convention, §13 Art.12 4069:Hague Convention, §5 Art.4,5 3712:Sent troops to serve in the 3423:Neutrality lasted until the 3305:(1961–1964), and as part of 3275:invasion of the Soviet Union 3131:Portugal during World War II 2930:Sent troops to serve in the 2550:Allied occupation of Iceland 2268:Foreign relations of Finland 2067:Colombia during World War II 2016:List of wars involving Chile 1567:Russia's invasion of Ukraine 1019:Ireland was invited to join 651:; for instance, the date of 417:powers organized in 1780 by 283:Recognition and codification 7: 5984:(in Finnish). 24 March 2022 5198:"Imagebroschuere_LP_e.indd" 4173:. Mher Sahakyan. New York: 4159:Hague Convention, §13 Art.3 4123:Hague Convention, §13 Art.7 4114:Hague Convention, §13 Art.6 4096:Hague Convention, §5 Art.14 4060:Hague Convention, §5 Art.13 4051:Hague Convention, §5 Art.11 4042:Hague Convention, §5 Art.10 3867: 3707:Uruguay during World War II 3378:Attempted neutrality under 2554:British invasion of Iceland 2169:Multi-National Force – Iraq 1459:National Assembly of Serbia 554:Since the enactment of the 404:Leagues of armed neutrality 10: 6857: 5046:Joe McCabe (3 June 1944). 4105:Hague Convention, §5 Art.8 4087:Hague Convention, §5 Art.2 4078:Hague Convention, §5 Art.6 4033:Hague Convention, §5 Art.1 3808:World War II in Yugoslavia 3805: 3763:1939–1945 (neutral during 3748: 3735:1914–1918 (neutral during 3704: 3632: 3537: 3530:1940–1945 (neutral during 3501: 3461: 3454:1939–1945 (neutral during 3408: 3367: 3241:Sweden during World War II 3234: 3185: 3175: 3168:1940–1945 (neutral during 3162:1914–1918 (neutral during 3128: 3121:1932–1945 (neutral during 3094: 3036:1866–1907 (to annexation) 3006: 2915: 2790: 2604: 2597:1939–1943 (neutral during 2591:1914–1918 (neutral during 2547: 2459: 2399: 2265: 2254:1956–2022 (from return of 2223:1914–1918 (neutral during 2159: 2070: 2064: 2051:1914–1918 (neutral during 2013: 2000:1914–1918 (neutral during 1939:1939–1945 (neutral during 1933:1914–1918 (neutral during 1808: 1795:1914–1918 (neutral during 1764:1914–1918 (neutral during 1740:1939–1945 (neutral during 1734:1914–1918 (neutral during 1679: 1513: 1503: 1406: 1227: 1158: 1026:Attached the condition of 962: 815: 580: 558:, EU members are bound by 520: 448:. It was an alliance with 427:international maritime law 423:American Revolutionary War 29: 6058:Thomas D. Morgan (1995). 5748:10.13140/RG.2.1.3780.4889 4656:worldpopulationreview.com 3786: 3757: 3729: 3691: 3613: 3596:by Russia and subsequent 3562: 3524: 3488: 3448: 3416:Following the end of the 3395: 3348: 3282:An EU Member since 1995: 3225: 3182:Spain during World War II 3156: 3115: 3081: 3024: 2993: 2975:Battle of the Netherlands 2951: 2896: 2855: 2849:and EU member since 2004. 2834:to enter in 1939 and was 2815: 2771: 2765:and EU member since 2004. 2750:to enter in 1939 and was 2731: 2706:. However throughout the 2679: 2625: 2585: 2562:Greenland in World War II 2534: 2502: 2446: 2424: 2402:Greenland in World War II 2382: 2242: 2217: 2211:and EU member since 2004. 2196:to enter in 1939 and was 2177: 2146: 2110: 2045: 1994: 1969: 1927: 1856: 1836:, which they did in 1945. 1789: 1758: 1728: 1720: 1717: 1662: 1630: 1590: 1486: 1438: 1389: 1349: 1313: 1274: 1245: 1210: 1194:presidency of Vicente Fox 1141: 1127:An EU Member since 2004: 1101: 1076: 1042:An EU Member since 1973: 945: 920: 891: 859: 845:An EU Member since 1995: 818:Declaration of Neutrality 810:Declaration of Neutrality 794: 751: 743: 740: 691:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 673:volunteer combat division 475:, but was never realized. 446:French Revolutionary Wars 413:was an alliance of minor 203:permanently neutral power 6789:Barclay, Thomas (1911). 6514:Notions of Neutralities. 6107:David Keanu Sai (2015). 5229:Woodliffe, John (1992). 4868:"Abolición del Ejército" 4760:Aquiradioandorra.free.fr 4652:"Neutral Countries 2022" 4602:"Sweden in World War II" 4348:. Knowledge Encyclopedia 3508:Solomon Islands campaign 3411:Thailand in World War II 3178:Spain during World War I 2987:An EU member since 1957. 2890:An EU member since 1957. 2710:, Laos was fighting the 1956:neutral wartime country. 1721:Period(s) of neutrality 1478:relationship with Russia 885:Ratified by law in 2014. 744:Period(s) of neutrality 196:Hague Convention of 1907 47:that is neutral towards 6798:Encyclopædia Britannica 6737:Definitions.uslegal.com 6116:University of Cambridge 5017:"Benevolent Neutrality" 4820:. ALTAIR. p. 216. 4639:Notions of Neutralities 4465:See, generally, Scott, 4390:1988, p. 16-17; Jones, 4382:See, generally, Scott, 4327:Bissell and Gasteyger, 4316:Notions of Neutralities 3971:Notions of Neutralities 3946:Notions of Neutralities 3853:anti-communist alliance 3249:Formally proclaimed by 3058:mass-demographic shifts 3052:The United States held 2840:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2797:Liberia in World War II 2756:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2558:Iceland in World War II 2329:was signed in Paris in 2202:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1948:In accordance with the 1898:1920 accord with France 1565:in 2022 in response to 1374:Commonwealth of Nations 825:Constitution of Austria 6680:Forum.nationstates.net 4245:Oppenheim, L. (1906). 3983:Neff, Stephen (2000). 3772:Under the rule of the 3333:NATO applicant in 2022 3205:, as evidenced by the 2793:Liberia in World War I 2642:a (defensive) alliance 2487:territorial government 2485:and later an American 2367:NATO applicant in 2022 1698:Is an observer of the 1332:The neutrality of the 1179:military dictatorships 882:was dissolved in 1949. 695:Cash and carry program 493: 419:Catherine II of Russia 374:abandon military power 316: 112:UN peacekeeping forces 6836:Neutrality by country 6411:Kulla, Rinna (2013). 5863:10.1353/jmh.2005.0215 5827:The City Paper Bogotá 5787:Freedman, L. (2004). 5486:10.2478/cirr2014-0008 5469:Ejdus, Filip (2014). 3949:. Lanham: Lexington. 3819:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3774:Mutawakkilite Kingdom 3664:in the Atlantic Ocean 3431:in mid-December 1941. 3251:King Charles XIV John 3219:EU member since 1986. 3186:Further information: 3150:EU member since 1986. 2918:Nepal in World War II 2673:EU member since 1957. 2483:republican government 2171:from 2003 until 2009. 1891:occupation of Belgium 1544:2003 invasion of Iraq 1514:Further information: 1476:, as well as a close 1298:Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 829:Austrian State Treaty 487: 314: 250:A neutral power must 126:. Immediately before 6657:"Armed Neutralities" 6581:Scott, James Brown. 6440:Bienstock, Gregory. 5919:. 28 February 2022. 5736:Dorji, Lham (2008). 5427:7 April 2009 at the 5119:. 27 February 2022. 4796:Publicacions.iec.cat 3846:Non-Aligned Movement 3644:policy set forth by 3607:in its constitution. 3594:annexation of Crimea 3512:Guadalcanal campaign 3284:military non-aligned 2943:Non-Aligned Movement 2723:Non-Aligned Movement 2617:Non-Aligned Movement 2510:Hungarian Revolution 2349:military non-aligned 2234:Non-Aligned Movement 2167:Participated in the 2118:Second Schleswig War 2098:Non-Aligned Movement 2037:Non-Aligned Movement 1986:Non-Aligned Movement 1961:Non-Aligned Movement 1883:Treaty of Versailles 1877:Neutral stance from 1751:Non-Aligned Movement 1700:Non-Aligned Movement 1654:Non-Aligned Movement 1622:Non-Aligned Movement 1520:Operation Tannenbaum 1470:NATO bombing in 1999 1409:Battle of San Marino 1381:Non-Aligned Movement 1341:Non-Aligned Movement 1305:Non-Aligned Movement 1129:military non-aligned 1044:military non-aligned 847:military non-aligned 466:Battle of Copenhagen 207:international treaty 164:Non-Aligned Movement 138:at the start of the 6826:Non-interventionism 6324:. 23 December 2014. 6306:. 11 December 2008. 6008:Ministry of Defence 5449:Consilium.europa.eu 5367:. 29 November 2009. 4848:on 11 February 2008 4373:. 2 September 1990. 4021:avalon.law.yale.edu 4003:avalon.law.yale.edu 3904:Non-interventionism 3642:non-interventionist 3570:Russo-Ukrainian War 3326:Russo-Ukrainian War 3297:command as part of 2941:Is a member of the 2721:Is a member of the 2615:Is a member of the 2479:Monarchy overthrown 2360:Russo-Ukrainian War 2305:Moscow Peace Treaty 2232:Is a member of the 2102:Major non-NATO ally 2096:Is a member of the 2035:Is a member of the 1984:Is a member of the 1959:Is a member of the 1917:Is a member of the 1848:Major non-NATO ally 1749:Is a member of the 1652:Is a member of the 1620:Is a member of the 1379:Is a member of the 1339:Is a member of the 1303:Is a member of the 1230:Moldovan neutrality 1202:Luis Ernesto Derbez 1068:Russo-Ukrainian War 1028:Irish reunification 972:during World War II 939:Neutral since 2017. 772:Andorran Revolution 718:Sweden's neutrality 657:weather information 569:With the launch of 390:mutual defense pact 355:Catherine the Great 6831:Military diplomacy 6792:"Neutrality" 6575:14.1 (2000): 13+. 6564:Oppenheim, Lassa. 6096:. Riverhead Books. 5005:. ISAC Fond. 2013. 4948:– via JSTOR. 4872:Elepiritudel48.org 4769:on 3 February 2019 4633:Pascal Lottaz and 4404:Vinarov, Mikhail. 4272:"Armed Neutrality" 3914:Strategic autonomy 3723:member since 2020. 3685:member since 1949. 3556:member since 1952. 3342:member since 2024. 3311:War in Afghanistan 3237:Swedish neutrality 3216:member since 1982. 3188:Meeting at Hendaye 3147:member since 1949. 3018:member since 1949. 2984:member since 1949. 2887:member since 1949. 2670:member since 1949. 2579:member since 1949. 2569:Kingdom of Iceland 2528:member since 2004. 2521:member since 1999. 2376:member since 2023. 2140:member since 1973. 2133:member since 1949. 2082:member since 1948. 2025:member since 1948. 1914:member since 1949. 1843:member since 1948. 1783:member since 2009. 1540:War in Afghanistan 1530:Congress of Vienna 1432:member since 1992. 1268:member since 1993. 1235:Article 11 of the 1198:Jorge G. Castañeda 835:at the end of the 788:member since 1993. 494: 473:American Civil War 323:This may include: 317: 289:Congress of Vienna 277:territorial waters 57:military alliances 6417:Les cahiers Irice 5981:Helsingin Sanomat 5949:Helsingin Sanomat 5800:978-1-135-77589-6 5671:on 8 October 2021 5431:AFP, 6 April 2009 5267:. Jornada.unam.mx 4562:Maltatoday.com.mt 4366:Chapin, Emerson. 4335:1990, p. 148-149. 4248:International Law 4184:978-1-003-35258-7 3956:978-1-4985-8226-1 3865: 3864: 3834:Stalin-Tito split 3825:, Yugoslavia was 3646:George Washington 3464:Tibet (1912–1951) 3083:Orange Free State 3060:later led to the 2708:Laotian Civil War 2286:Finnish Civil War 2116:1864–1940 (after 1950:Treaty of Punakha 1905:Battle of Belgium 1822:League of Nations 1708: 1707: 1237:1994 Constitution 725:Law of Neutrality 716:" of 1941, about 602: 601: 560:TEU, Article 42.7 233:international law 192:international law 16:(Redirected from 6848: 6802: 6794: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6425: 6424: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6366:www.ukrinform.ua 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6342:on 12 April 2019 6332: 6326: 6325: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6113: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6029: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5857:(4): 1137–1177. 5844: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5667:. 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Dictionary.com 4268: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4224: 4197: 4196: 4177:. pp. xxv. 4166: 4160: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4013: 4007: 4006: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3974: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3940: 3640:Pursuant to the 3504:Sālote Tupou III 3009:The Neutral Ally 2973:Ended after the 2661:Treaty of London 2388:1940–1941 (from 2323:Continuation War 2319:Moscow Armistice 1879:Treaty of London 1818:Second World War 1715: 1714: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1617:in Turkmenistan. 1615:national holiday 1598: 1596: 1595: 1506:Swiss neutrality 1494: 1492: 1491: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1357: 1355: 1354: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1161:Estrada Doctrine 1149: 1147: 1146: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1035:Northern Ireland 965:Irish neutrality 953: 951: 950: 928: 926: 925: 899: 897: 896: 867: 865: 864: 837:Second World War 802: 800: 799: 759: 757: 756: 738: 737: 714:Midsummer Crisis 710:Continuation War 661:Donegal Corridor 587: 505:Points of debate 367:Edwin Reischauer 351:Nordic countries 307:Armed neutrality 256:prisoners of war 221:armed neutrality 182:in a particular 132:Nordic countries 85:prisoners of war 71:). As a type of 21: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6806: 6805: 6779: 6777: 6769: 6760: 6758: 6750: 6741: 6739: 6731: 6722: 6720: 6718:Everything2.com 6712: 6703: 6701: 6699:Citelighter.com 6693: 6684: 6682: 6674: 6665: 6663: 6655: 6646: 6644: 6636: 6623: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6488:Karsh, Efraim. 6474:Jones, Howard. 6434: 6429: 6428: 6409: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6345: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6111: 6105: 6101: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6030: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6010:. 19 April 2022 6002: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 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820: 797: 795: 754: 752: 733: 684:Neutrality Acts 585: 579: 525: 519: 507: 482: 406: 400:respectively). 309: 285: 242: 228:non-belligerent 188:sovereign state 180:neutral country 175: 136:non-belligerent 41:neutral country 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6854: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6804: 6803: 6786: 6767: 6748: 6729: 6710: 6691: 6672: 6653: 6634: 6629: 6622: 6621:External links 6619: 6618: 6617: 6600: 6588:Wills, Clair. 6586: 6579: 6569: 6562: 6548: 6534: 6524: 6522:978-1498582261 6510: 6500: 6486: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6452: 6438: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6403: 6391: 6379: 6353: 6327: 6309: 6295: 6277: 6252: 6225: 6210:(in Swedish). 6192: 6175:Anadolu Agency 6161: 6146:(in Swedish). 6128: 6099: 6084: 6050: 6021: 5995: 5967: 5952:(in Finnish). 5934: 5902: 5876: 5839: 5813: 5799: 5779: 5768:. 27 June 2005 5753: 5728: 5707: 5682: 5656: 5631: 5606: 5587: 5562: 5542: 5524: 5505: 5461: 5433: 5414: 5392: 5370: 5352: 5324: 5310: 5278: 5255: 5241: 5221: 5210:on 16 May 2013 5189: 5167: 5134: 5108: 5077: 5064: 5052:Independent.ie 5038: 5007: 4995: 4973: 4951: 4938:10.2307/138765 4932:(2): 152–165. 4912: 4885: 4859: 4833: 4827:978-8493622046 4826: 4808: 4780: 4744: 4727:Cossetania.com 4714: 4696: 4684:Diposit.ub.edu 4668: 4643: 4626: 4611: 4592: 4574: 4549: 4530: 4515: 4488: 4475: 4458: 4443: 4396: 4375: 4371:New York Times 4359: 4337: 4320: 4307: 4285: 4263: 4237: 4198: 4183: 4161: 4152: 4143: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4008: 3990: 3975: 3962: 3955: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3849: 3838:SFR Yugoslavia 3830: 3823:anti-Axis coup 3815:Little Entente 3806:Main article: 3803: 3798:1949–1992 (to 3792:1940–1941 (to 3790: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3749:Main article: 3746: 3741:1939–1942 (to 3733: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3717: 3705:Main article: 3702: 3697:1870–1945 (to 3695: 3689: 3688: 3687: 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3612: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3598:war in Donbas 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3207:Blue Division 3204: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3105:Annexed into 3104: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3063: 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1981: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1865: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830:United States 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772:Prague Spring 1767: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1678: 1676:1929–present 1675: 1673: 1661: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1644:2012–present 1643: 1641: 1629: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1604:1995–present 1603: 1601: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548:United States 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1500:1815–present 1499: 1497: 1485: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1452:2007–present 1451: 1449: 1437: 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