Ireland - Knowledge

1612: 4189: 3553:, which supported agricultural practices that preserved hedgerow environments, are undergoing reforms. The Common Agricultural Policy had in the past subsidised potentially destructive agricultural practices, for example by emphasising production without placing limits on indiscriminate use of fertilisers and pesticides; but reforms have gradually decoupled subsidies from production levels and introduced environmental and other requirements. 32% of Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions are correlated to agriculture. Forested areas typically consist of monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may result in habitats that are not suitable for supporting native species of invertebrates. Natural areas require fencing to prevent over-grazing by 6662: 2046: 1078:

northern Iberia to western Scandinavia rather than substantially central European. In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. The prevalence amongst modern Irish men of this mutation is a remarkable 84%, the highest in the world, and closely matched in other populations along the Atlantic fringes down to Spain. A similar genetic replacement happened with lineages in mitochondrial DNA. This conclusion is supported by recent research carried out by the geneticist

2429: 4593: 1772: 3924: 3259: 1908: 18703: 2172: 552: 520: 2479: 5567: 4178: 3319: 2305: 3535: 3947: 3931: 4672: 1265: 3979: 100: 3963: 85: 6055: 4445: 3580: 1082:, who says: "British and Irish skeletons from the Bronze Age that followed the Beaker period had at most 10 per cent ancestry from the first farmers of these islands, with other 90 per cent from people like those associated with the Bell Beaker culture in the Netherlands." He suggests that it was Beaker users who introduced an Indo-European language, represented here by Celtic (i.e. a new language and culture introduced directly by migration and genetic replacement). 16508: 5787: 5489: 2723: 3467: 16953: 5956: 4898: 4145: 2832: 1015: 5164: 1716:, Irish Roman Catholics and Dissenters were increasingly deprived of various civil rights, even the ownership of hereditary property. Additional regressive punitive legislation followed in 1703, 1709 and 1728. This completed a comprehensive systemic effort to materially disadvantage Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters while enriching a new ruling class of Anglican conformists. The new Anglo-Irish ruling class became known as the 3868:, which killed roughly two-fifths of the island's population. The population rebounded and multiplied over the next century, but the Great Famine of the 1840s caused one million deaths and forced over one million more to emigrate in its immediate wake. Over the following century, the population was reduced by over half, at a time when the general trend in European countries was for populations to rise by an average of three-fold. 882:) forming between Ireland and Great Britain. By 14,000 BC this ice bridge existed only between Northern Ireland and Scotland and by 12,000 BC Ireland was completely separated from Great Britain. Later, around 6,100 BC, Great Britain became separated from continental Europe. Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in 2596: 4134: 1452:, in recapturing his kingdom. In 1171, Henry arrived in Ireland in order to review the general progress of the expedition. He wanted to re-exert royal authority over the invasion which was expanding beyond his control. Henry successfully re-imposed his authority over Strongbow and the Cambro-Norman warlords and persuaded many of the Irish kings to accept him as their overlord, an arrangement confirmed in the 1175 1386: 14886: 1488: 1097: 3549:

rearing limits the space available for the establishment of native wild species. Hedgerows, however, traditionally used for maintaining and demarcating land boundaries, act as a refuge for native wild flora. This ecosystem stretches across the countryside and acts as a network of connections to preserve remnants of the ecosystem that once covered the island. Subsidies under the

6186:), a growing amount of commercial activity is carried out on an all-Ireland basis. This has been facilitated by the two jurisdictions' former shared membership of the European Union, and there have been calls from members of the business community and policymakers for the creation of an "all-Ireland economy" to take advantage of 1745:. An estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population) died from the ensuing pestilence and disease. The Irish government halted export of corn and kept the army in quarters but did little more. Local gentry and charitable organisations provided relief but could do little to prevent the ensuing mortality. 1053:, a medieval Christian pseudo-history of Ireland, along with the presence of Celtic culture, language and artefacts found in Ireland such as Celtic bronze spears, shields, torcs and other finely crafted Celtic associated possessions. The theory holds that there were four separate Celtic invasions of Ireland. The 4543:

plantations gave it a permanent foothold in Ulster, and it remained the official and upper-class language elsewhere, the Irish-speaking chieftains and nobility having been deposed. Language shift during the 19th century replaced Irish with English as the first language for a vast majority of the population.

2006:". Unionists, especially those located in Ulster, were strongly opposed to Home Rule, which they thought would be dominated by Catholic interests. After several attempts to pass a Home Rule bill through parliament, it looked certain that one would finally pass in 1914. To prevent this from happening, the 5800:

Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Ireland. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The island is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. The horse racing sector is largely concentrated

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has played a significant role in the cultural life of the island since ancient times (and since the 17th century plantations, has been the focus of political identity and divisions on the island). Ireland's pre-Christian heritage fused with the Celtic Church following the missions of Saint Patrick in

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Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east. The west tends to be wetter on average and prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months. These occasionally bring destructive winds and higher total rainfall to these areas, as well as

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The passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was ultimately achieved with substantial majorities, having failed on the first attempt in 1799. According to contemporary documents and historical analysis, this was achieved through a considerable degree of bribery, with funding provided by the British

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between Ireland and large areas of continental Europe, in contrast to parts of the Y-chromosome pattern. When taking both into account, a study concluded that modern Celtic speakers in Ireland could be thought of as European "Atlantic Celts" showing a shared ancestry throughout the Atlantic zone from

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incorporated elements of Irish traditional music into contemporary rock music and, during the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing. This trend can be seen more recently in

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has seen large-scale immigration, with 420,000 foreign nationals as of 2006, about 10% of the population. Nearly a quarter of births (24 percent) in 2009 were to mothers born outside of Ireland. Up to 50,000 eastern and central European migrant workers left Ireland in response to the Irish financial

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The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century. A population of over eight million in 1841 was reduced to slightly over four million by 1921. In part, the fall in population was caused by death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took roughly one

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provides for co-operation between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom on all matters of mutual interest, especially Northern Ireland. In light of the Republic's particular interest in the governance of Northern Ireland, "regular and frequent" meetings co-chaired by the

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to build upon inroads to greater sovereignty made by the previous government. The oath was abolished and in 1937 a new constitution was adopted. This completed a process of gradual separation from the British Empire that governments had pursued since independence. However, it was not until 1949 that

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energy, this source of heat is still widely used in rural areas. However, because of the ecological importance of peatlands in storing carbon and their rarity, the EU is attempting to protect this habitat by fining Ireland for digging up peat. In cities, heat is generally supplied by natural gas or

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Music has been in evidence in Ireland since prehistoric times. Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe", there was a considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known

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Modernisation brought secularisation in its wake. The traditionally high levels of religiosity have sharply declined. Foster points to three factors: First, Irish feminism, largely imported from America with liberal stances on contraception, abortion and divorce, undermined the authority of bishops

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made arrests based on surveillance carried out on the key diplomatic legations in Dublin. To the authorities, counterintelligence was a fundamental line of defence. With a regular army of only slightly over seven thousand men at the start of the war, and with limited supplies of modern weapons, the

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of 1845–1851 devastated Ireland, as in those years Ireland's population fell by one-third. More than one million people died from starvation and disease, with an additional million people emigrating during the famine, mostly to the United States and Canada. In the century that followed, an economic

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The GDP of the Republic of Ireland as of 2021 was €423.5 billion (nominal), and in Northern Ireland in 2021, it was £52 billion (GVA Balanced). The GDP per capita in the Republic of Ireland was €84,049.9 (nominal) as of 2021, and in Northern Ireland 2021 was £27,154 (GVA Balanced). The Republic of

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that are now being produced across the country. An example of this new cuisine is "Dublin Lawyer": lobster cooked in whiskey and cream. The potato remains however a fundamental feature of this cuisine and the Irish remain the highest per capita consumers of potatoes in Europe. Traditional regional

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has won gold in every European and World championship since 2005. In August 2012 at the Olympic Games in London, Taylor created history by becoming the first Irish woman to win a gold medal in boxing in the 60 kg lightweight. More recently, Kellie Harrington won a gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo

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In 1950, FIFA directed the associations only to select players from within their respective territories and, in 1953, directed that the FAI's team be known only as "Republic of Ireland" and that the IFA's team be known as "Northern Ireland" (with certain exceptions). Northern Ireland qualified for

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that began in 2008 dramatically ended this period of boom. GDP fell by 3% in 2008 and by 7.1% in 2009, the worst year since records began (although earnings by foreign-owned businesses continued to grow). The state has since experienced deep recession, with unemployment, which doubled during 2009,

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in Belfast being Ireland's oldest club. It was most popular, especially in its first decades, around Belfast and in Ulster. However, some clubs based outside Belfast thought that the IFA largely favoured Ulster-based clubs in such matters as selection for the national team. In 1921, following an

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The long history of agricultural production, coupled with modern intensive agricultural methods such as pesticide and fertiliser use and runoff from contaminants into streams, rivers and lakes, has placed pressure on biodiversity in Ireland. A land of green fields for crop cultivation and cattle

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Although Northern Ireland was largely spared the strife of the civil war, in the decades that followed partition there were sporadic episodes of inter-communal violence. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant,

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The theory was advanced in part because of the lack of archaeological evidence for large-scale Celtic immigration, though it is accepted that such movements are notoriously difficult to identify. Historical linguists are skeptical that this method alone could account for the absorption of Celtic

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Fewer than 2% of the population of the Republic of Ireland today speak Irish on a daily basis, and under 10% regularly, outside of the education system and 38% of those over 15 years are classified as "Irish speakers". In Northern Ireland, English is the de facto official language, but official

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argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations. He concludes the chief factors were low taxation, pro-business regulatory policies, and a young, tech-savvy workforce. For many multinationals, the decision to do business in Ireland was made

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British Isles: A geographical term taken to mean Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the adjacent islands such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man. The phrase is best avoided, given its (understandable) unpopularity in the Irish Republic. Alternatives adopted by some publications are

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Food and cuisine in Ireland take their influence from the crops grown and animals farmed in the island's temperate climate and from the social and political circumstances of Irish history. For example, whilst from the Middle Ages until the arrival of the potato in the 16th century the dominant

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Although for most of their existence electricity networks in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were entirely separate, the island has operated for some time as a single market for electricity. Both networks were designed and constructed independently post-partition but they are now

4970:(1742) being among the highlights of the baroque era. In the 19th century, public concerts provided access to classical music to all classes of society. Yet, for political and financial reasons Ireland has been too small to provide a living to many musicians, so the names of the better-known 5993:

The introduction of the potato in the second half of the 16th century heavily influenced cuisine thereafter. Great poverty encouraged a subsistence approach to food, and by the mid-19th century, the vast majority of the population sufficed with a diet of potatoes and milk. A typical family,

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and dance have seen a surge in popularity and global coverage since the 1960s. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was modernising, traditional music had fallen out of favour, especially in urban areas. However during the 1960s, there was a revival of interest in Irish

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and priests. Second, the mishandling of the paedophile scandals humiliated the Church, whose bishops seemed less concerned with the victims and more concerned with covering up for errant priests. Third, prosperity brought hedonism and materialism that undercut the ideals of saintly poverty.

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was first introduced during the Norman invasion. It was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England and was largely replaced by Irish before the Tudor conquest of Ireland. It was introduced as the official language during the Tudor and Cromwellian conquests. The Ulster

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is an institution through which ministers from the Government of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Executive agree all-island policies. At least six of these policy areas must have an associated all-island "implementation body," and at least six others must be implemented separately in each

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of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a long-term influence. Irish is taught in mainstream Irish schools as a compulsory subject, but teaching methods have been criticised for their ineffectiveness, with most students showing little evidence of fluency even after fourteen years of

1177:. Ptolemy records sixteen nations inhabiting every part of Ireland in 100 AD. The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near 6407:

Prior to partition in 1921, Ireland had a long history as an economic colony – first, partially, of the Norse, via their cities (9th to 10th centuries CE), and later, to varying extents, of polities related to England. Though the climate and soil favoured certain forms of agriculture,

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By the end of the 15th century, central English authority in Ireland had all but disappeared, and a renewed Irish culture and language, albeit with Norman influences, was again dominant. English Crown control remained relatively unshaken in an amorphous foothold around Dublin known as

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tradition collapsed in the face of the new religion. Irish Christian scholars excelled in the study of Latin and Greek learning and Christian theology. In the monastic culture that followed the Christianisation of Ireland, Latin and Greek learning was preserved in Ireland during the

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portrays an almost unbroken sequence of high kings stretching back thousands of years, but some modern historians believe the scheme was constructed in the 8th century to justify the status of powerful political groupings by projecting the origins of their rule into the remote past.

1069:) were said to have reached Ireland from either northern Iberia or southern Gaul. It was claimed that a second wave named the Euerni, belonging to the Belgae people of northern Gaul, began arriving about the sixth century BC. They were said to have given their name to the island. 5449:

The island fields a single international team in most sports. One notable exception to this is association football, although both associations continued to field international teams under the name "Ireland" until the 1950s. The sport is also the most notable exception where the

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The two official languages of the Republic of Ireland are Irish and English. Each language has produced noteworthy literature. Irish, though now only the language of a minority, was the vernacular of the Irish people for thousands of years and was possibly introduced during the

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lives. As of 2006, 4.3 million Canadians, or 14% of the population, were of Irish descent, while around one-third of the Australian population had an element of Irish descent. As of 2013, there were 40 million Irish-Americans and 33 million Americans who claimed Irish ancestry.

5978:(known as rashers) and the eating of salted butter (i.e. a dairy product rather than beef itself) have been a central feature of the diet in Ireland since the Middle Ages. The practice of bleeding cattle and mixing the blood with milk and butter (not unlike the practice of the 11357: 1724: 6025:

Since the last quarter of the 20th century, with a re-emergence of wealth in Ireland, a "New Irish Cuisine" based on traditional ingredients incorporating international influences has emerged. This cuisine is based on fresh vegetables, fish (especially salmon, trout,

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in Europe, with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century. Irish remained the dominant literary language down to the nineteenth century, despite the spread of English from the seventeenth century on. Prominent names from the medieval period and later include

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language, with some saying that an assumed processual view of Celtic linguistic formation is 'an especially hazardous exercise'. Genetic lineage investigation into the area of Celtic migration to Ireland has led to findings that showed no significant differences in

4555:, which are spoken by roughly 2% of Northern Ireland residents, and also spoken by some in the Republic of Ireland. Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe. 1741:" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters. The winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples, and the poor summers severely damaged harvests. This resulted in the 986:

How and when the island became Celtic has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The most recent genetic research strongly associates the spread of

1679:) are estimated to include 20,000 battlefield casualties. 200,000 civilians are estimated to have died as a result of a combination of war-related famine, displacement, guerrilla activity and pestilence throughout the war. A further 50,000 were sent into 2236:

Large-scale emigration marked most of the post-WWII period (particularly during the 1950s and 1980s), but beginning in 1987 the economy improved, and the 1990s saw the beginning of substantial economic growth. This period of growth became known as the

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in 2007–2010, international rugby and soccer were played there. All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs, receiving no wages, although they are permitted to receive a limited amount of sport-related income from commercial sponsorship.

3490:, is commonly found growing in the uplands and ferns are plentiful in the more moist regions, especially in the western parts. It is home to hundreds of plant species, some of them unique to the island, and has been "invaded" by some grasses, such as 1691:

estimated that 504,000 Catholic Irish and 112,000 Protestant settlers died, and 100,000 people were transported, as a result of the war. If a prewar population of 1.5 million is assumed, this would mean that the population was reduced by almost half.

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counter-protests. The government's reaction to confrontations was seen to be one-sided and heavy-handed in favour of unionists. Law and order broke down as unrest and inter-communal violence increased. The Northern Ireland government requested the

5268:, a physicist and mathematician, made innovations in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was Aether and Matter, a book on theoretical physics published in 1900. 1756:

was repealed, giving Ireland legislative independence from Great Britain for the first time since 1495. The British government, however, still retained the right to nominate the government of Ireland without the consent of the Irish parliament.

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A 16th-century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

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in particular, have popular surfing beaches, being fully exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Donegal Bay is shaped like a funnel and catches west/south-west Atlantic winds, creating good surf, especially in winter. Since just before the year 2010,

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The substance of the Agreement (formally referred to as the Belfast Agreement) was later endorsed by referendums in both parts of Ireland. The Agreement restored self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of power-sharing in a regional

6654:, County Dublin. Supplies come from the Corrib Gas Field, off the coast of County Mayo, with a supply previously also coming from the Kinsale gas field off the County Cork coast. The County Mayo field faces some localised opposition over 11324: 2988:

sometimes snow and hail. The regions of north County Galway and east County Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually for the island, with lightning occurring approximately five to ten days per year in these areas.

2766:, in France. Ireland has a total area of 84,421 km (32,595 sq mi), of which the Republic of Ireland occupies 83 percent. Ireland and Great Britain, together with many nearby smaller islands, are known collectively as the 10038: 11354: 5402:

is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island. In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by

732:, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much 3348:

bogs and a variety of coastal habitats. However, agriculture drives current land use patterns in Ireland, limiting natural habitat preserves, particularly for larger wild mammals with greater territorial needs. With no large

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is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.

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consisting of a man, a woman and four children, would eat 18 stone (110 kg) of potatoes per week. Consequently, dishes that are considered as national dishes represent a fundamental simplicity to cooking, such as the

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Proportion of respondents to the Ireland census 2011 or the Northern Ireland census 2011 who stated they were Catholic. Areas in which Catholics are in the majority are blue. Areas in which Catholics are in a minority are

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are less so. Aquatic wildlife, such as species of sea turtle, shark, seal, whale, and dolphin, are common off the coast. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland. Many of these are migratory, including the

1904:, partly because it lacked coal and iron resources and partly because of the impact of the sudden union with the structurally superior economy of England, which saw Ireland as a source of agricultural produce and capital. 7072: 2025:

was passed. The Act was passed but with the "temporary" exclusion of the six counties of Ulster, which later became Northern Ireland. Before it could be implemented, however, the Act was suspended for the duration of the

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The 2022 population of the Republic of Ireland was 5,123,536 and that of Northern Ireland in 2021 was 1,903,100. These are Census data from the official governmental statistics agencies in the respective jurisdictions:

2293:, and until 1972 was a self-governing jurisdiction within the United Kingdom with its own parliament and prime minister. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, was not neutral during the Second World War, and 8841: 2455:

The Republic of Ireland is a member state of the European Union while the United Kingdom is a former member state, having both acceded to its precursor entity, the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973 but the UK

4509:). It has been argued that they tend to be more highly educated than monolingual English speakers. Recent research suggests that urban Irish is developing in a direction of its own, both in pronunciation and grammar. 4500:

There is now a growing population of urban Irish speakers in both the Republic and Northern Ireland, especially in Dublin and Belfast, with the children of such Irish speakers sometimes attending Irish-medium schools

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which exercise devolved powers. The executive is jointly headed by the first and deputy first minister, with the ministries being allocated in proportion to each party's representation in the assembly. Its capital is

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drawn from the unionist and nationalist parties. Violence had decreased greatly after the Provisional IRA and loyalist ceasefires in 1994 and in 2005 the Provisional IRA announced the end of its armed campaign and an

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inherited the crown of England and retained the Lordship of Ireland. Over the century that followed, Norman feudal law gradually replaced the Gaelic Brehon Law across large areas, so that by the late 13th century the

7403: 2068:. The British response, executing fifteen leaders of the Rising over a period of ten days and imprisoning or interning more than a thousand people, turned the mood of the country in favour of the rebels. Support for 6261:

Below is a comparison of the goods being sold and purchased between Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom, compared with the goods being exported and imported between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland:

2217:, particularly in the potential defence of Northern Ireland. Despite their country's neutrality, approximately 50,000 volunteers from independent Ireland joined the British forces during the war, four being awarded 5559:). However, both the IFA and FAI continued to select their teams from the whole of Ireland, with some players earning international caps for matches with both teams. Both also referred to their respective teams as 8834:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1580:

in 1367. These were a set of laws designed to prevent the assimilation of the Normans into Irish society by requiring English subjects in Ireland to speak English, follow English customs and abide by English law.

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The Assembly and power-sharing Executive were suspended several times but were restored again in 2007. In that year the British government officially ended its military support of the police in Northern Ireland

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The religious struggles of the 17th century left a deep sectarian division in Ireland. Religious allegiance now determined the perception in law of loyalty to the Irish King and Parliament. After the passing of

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is increasingly popular in Ireland with clear waters and large populations of sea life, particularly along the western seaboard. There are also many shipwrecks along the coast of Ireland, with some of the best

3455:, and only 2% is native woodland. The average woodland cover of European countries is over 33%. In the Republic, about 389,356 hectares (3,893.56 km) is owned by the state, mainly by the forestry service 2258:

membership was helpful, giving the country lucrative access to markets that it had previously reached only through the United Kingdom, and pumping huge subsidies and investment capital into the Irish economy.

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in August. Harrington became the first European to win the PGA Championship in 78 years and was the first winner from Ireland. Three golfers from Northern Ireland have been particularly successful. In 2010,

5510:(GAA), with the exception of women's Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations. The headquarters of the GAA (and the main stadium) is located at 9151: 4948:, in particular, was of such significance that it became Ireland's national symbol. Classical music following European models first developed in urban areas, in establishments of Anglo-Irish rule such as 4476:

from the 10th to 13th century, Early Modern Irish until the 17th century, and the Modern Irish spoken today. It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from

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from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of

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of the 1930s, sales of Irish whiskey worldwide fell to a mere 2% by the mid-20th century. In 1953, an Irish government survey, found that 50% of whiskey drinkers in the United States had never heard of

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had established a feudal system throughout much of Ireland. Norman settlements were characterised by the establishment of baronies, manors, towns and the seeds of the modern county system. A version of

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Other sporting activities with the highest levels of playing participation include swimming, golf, aerobics, cycling, and billiards/snooker. Many other sports are also played and followed, including

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In the aftermath of the famine, an increase in industrial production and a surge in trade brought a succession of construction booms. The population soared in the latter part of this century and the

11425: 2375:" began. More than 3,600 deaths resulted over the subsequent three decades of conflict. Owing to the civil unrest during the Troubles, the British government suspended home rule in 1972 and imposed 1502:

further encouraged Henry to advance the integration of the Irish Church with Rome. Henry was authorised to impose a tithe of one penny per hearth as an annual contribution. This church levy, called

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million lives. The remaining decline of around three million was due to the entrenched culture of emigration caused by the dire economic state of the country, lasting until the late 20th century.

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connected with three interlinks and are also connected through Great Britain to mainland Europe. The situation in Northern Ireland is complicated by the issue of private companies not supplying

1936:. Mass emigration became deeply entrenched and the population continued to decline until the mid-20th century. Immediately prior to the famine the population was recorded as 8.2 million by the 9647: 6132:, is typically associated with Ireland, although historically it was more closely associated with London. Porter remains very popular, although it has lost sales since the mid-20th century to 10046: 4737:) was an outstanding poet in the oral tradition. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw a rapid replacement of Irish by English. By 1900, however, cultural nationalists had begun the 12528:"Initiative's latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005" 5967:

feature of the Irish economy was the herding of cattle, the number of cattle a person owned was equated to their social standing. Thus herders would avoid slaughtering a milk-producing cow.

11737: 10871: 7145: 6070:(who sold poor-quality whiskey bearing Irish-sounding names thus eroding the pre-prohibition popularity for Irish brands) and tariffs on Irish whiskey across the British Empire during the 2984:, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. This is a result of the moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic. 1802:

was put down by British and Irish government and yeomanry forces. The rebellion lasted from the 24th of May to the 12th of October that year and saw the establishment of the short lived

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The algal and seaweed flora is that of the cold-temperate variety. The total number of species is 574 The island has been invaded by some algae, some of which are now well established.

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for local governmental purposes, but, as in the Republic, their traditional boundaries are still used for informal purposes such as sports leagues and in cultural or tourism contexts.

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is a joint parliamentary forum for the island of Ireland. It has no formal powers but operates as a forum for discussing matters of common concern between the respective legislatures.

7266: 4084:, is the largest city on the island. Belfast, with 579,726 residents, is the largest city in Northern Ireland. City status does not directly equate with population size. For example, 4037:

is often used as a synonym for Northern Ireland, although the two are not coterminous. In the Republic of Ireland, counties form the basis of the system of local government. Counties

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The earliest known Irish graphic art and sculpture are Neolithic carvings found at sites such as Newgrange and is traced through Bronze Age artefacts and the religious carvings and

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have been broken up into smaller administrative areas. However, they are still treated as counties for cultural and some official purposes, for example, postal addresses and by the

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All of the Irish kingdoms had their own kings but were nominally subject to the high king. The high king was drawn from the ranks of the provincial kings and ruled also the royal

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Ireland once dominated the world's market for whiskey, producing 90% of the world's whiskey at the start of the 20th century. However, as a consequence of bootleggers during the

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and sheep that roam over uncultivated areas. Grazing in this manner is one of the main factors preventing the natural regeneration of forests across many regions of the country.

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from northern Gaul and Britain. Later, Laighin tribes from Armorica (present-day Brittany) were said to have invaded Ireland and Britain more or less simultaneously. Lastly, the

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extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the

18154: 5543:

semi-final replay from Dublin to Belfast, Dublin-based clubs broke away to form the Football Association of the Irish Free State. Today the southern association is known as the

13783: 8811: 1188:

Ireland continued as a patchwork of rival kingdoms; however, beginning in the 7th century, a concept of national kingship gradually became articulated through the concept of a

8833: 3353:

in Ireland other than humans and dogs, such populations of animals as semi-wild deer that cannot be controlled by smaller predators, such as the fox, are controlled by annual

12925: 9289: 7013: 6086:

American broadcaster, remains popular domestically and has grown in international sales steadily over a few decades. Typically CNBC states Irish whiskey is not as smoky as a

4637:

These can be seen in the ornamentation of medieval religious and secular works. The style is still popular today in jewellery and graphic art, as is the distinctive style of

14035: 10431: 7395: 4419:

With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants. Since the European Union expanded to include Poland in 2004,

14162: 12495: 7325: 3894:. About 4% of the Republic's population and about 14% of the Northern Ireland population describe themselves as of no religion. In a 2010 survey conducted on behalf of the 16475: 4423:

have comprised the largest number of immigrants (over 150,000) from Central Europe. There has also been significant immigration from Lithuania, Czech Republic and Latvia.

2697:

Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs and the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, dealing with non-devolved matters to do with Northern Ireland and non-devolved

11659: 11565: 10406: 2633:, from which Northern Ireland has gone through intermittent periods of direct rule during which devolved powers have been suspended. Northern Ireland elects 18 of the UK 907:, domesticated animals such as cattle and sheep, built large timber buildings, and stone monuments. The earliest evidence for farming in Ireland or Great Britain is from 16913: 14007: 11383: 12680: 11703: 11686: 4125: 13723: 11160: 1244:, arrived the following year. There is continued debate over the missions of Palladius and Patrick, but the consensus is that they both took place and that the older 748:(EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. 11461: 5828:

won gold at the 2006 World Indoor Championship in Moscow. Olive Loughnane won a silver medal in the 20k walk at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin in 2009.

7657: 6709:

as unsightly. The Republic is hindered by an ageing network that was not designed to handle the varying availability of power that comes from wind farms. The ESB's

5986:, made from blood, grain (usually barley) and seasoning, remains a breakfast staple in Ireland. All of these influences can be seen today in the phenomenon of the " 10946:

Guiry, M. D.; Nic Dhonncha, E. N. (2001). "The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters".

3588:

The population of Ireland is just over 7 million, of which approximately 5.1 million reside in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million reside in Northern Ireland.

2461: 15326: 14132: 12654: 12174: 16423: 15346: 12373: 10164: 9135: 8179: 2405: 2190:

During its first decade, the newly formed Irish Free State was governed by the victors of the civil war. When de Valera achieved power, he took advantage of the

1568:, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a period of decline. The Norman rulers and the Gaelic Irish elites intermarried and the areas under Norman rule became 7197: 6984: 6623:

has failed to modernise its power stations, and the availability of power plants has recently averaged only 66%, one of the worst such rates in Western Europe.

14096: 13656: 9633: 7963: 6705:

in Cork, Donegal, Mayo and Antrim. The construction of wind farms has in some cases been delayed by opposition from local communities, some of whom regard the

5669:. Irish rugby has become increasingly competitive at both the international and provincial levels since the sport went professional in 1994. During that time, 5506:

Gaelic football, hurling and Gaelic handball are the best-known Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games. Gaelic games are governed by the

15443: 13168: 12281: 7366: 10365: 13492: 1421:, known as 'Strongbow' owing to his prowess as an archer. The invasion, which coincided with a period of renewed Norman expansion, was at the invitation of 652:. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The 11596: 11415: 7883: 7493: 14322: 13627: 12565: 3890:

is growing in Ireland, mostly through increased immigration, with a 50% increase in the republic between the 2006 and 2011 census. The island has a small

1472:, in 1155. The document apparently encouraged Henry to take control in Ireland in order to oversee the financial and administrative reorganisation of the 12247: 11002: 10470: 5500: 4548: 1881:

Secret Service Office, and the awarding of peerages, places and honours to secure votes. Thus, the parliament in Ireland was abolished and replaced by a

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continues to increase its profile. Sea angling is developed with many beaches mapped and signposted, and the range of sea angling species is around 80.

5534:(IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island. The game has been played in an organised fashion in Ireland since the 1870s, with 4489:

and English. It declined under British rule but remained the majority tongue until the early 19th century, and since then has been a minority language.

4411:

Emigration from Ireland in the 19th century contributed to the populations of England, the United States, Canada and Australia, in all of which a large

2660:

As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the British and Irish governments agreed on the creation of all-island institutions and areas of cooperation. The

16428: 11869: 11183: 9728: 7235: 5415:

is the most watched event in the sporting calendar. Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland.

3026:. Temperatures fell as low as −17.2 °C (1 °F) in County Mayo on 20 December and up to a metre (3 ft) of snow fell in mountainous areas. 3023: 11784: 8930: 4652:

England and the Frankish Empire. These missions brought written language to an illiterate population of Europe during the Dark Ages that followed the

15439: 11102: 9627: 9266: 6937: 3391:

Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe. Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested. Native species include

13021: 6352:

Below is a comparison of the monthly cost of living and average wage after tax in Northern Ireland versus those in the Republic of Ireland in 2023:

4693:

Ireland has made a substantial contribution to world literature in all its branches, both in Irish and English. Poetry in Irish is among the oldest

14266: 13932:

It was inevitable that the depression of agriculture which followed the repeal should fall with greater severity on Ireland than on Great Britain.

13073: 4603:

Ireland's culture comprises elements of the culture of ancient peoples, later immigrant and broadcast cultural influences (chiefly Gaelic culture,

14661: 11748: 10851: 10194: 9421: 9104: 6902:"The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System" 3875:, representing over 73% of the island (and about 87% of the Republic of Ireland). Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various 2141:

and make a statement of faithfulness to the king. Disagreements over these provisions led to a split in the nationalist movement and a subsequent

16285: 13137: 10547: 8575: 7141: 6173: 5479: 2301:

was not extended to Northern Ireland, and roughly an equal number volunteered from Northern Ireland as volunteered from the Republic of Ireland.

14244: 11404:"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,000 or more persons: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012. 10243:

The British Isles are the islands of North-Western Europe comprising all of the UK, the Irish Republic, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

8890:'lave-hunts' certainly happened, though their extent has been exaggerated; there were probably 12,000 Irish in the West Indies by the late 1600s 7936: 7607: 4800:, though they spent most of their lives in England. The Anglo-Irish novel came to the fore in the nineteenth century, featuring such writers as 18902: 12703: 11822: 10787: 8698: 8288: 7204: 5880:

at Royal St. George's. In August 2012, McIlroy won his 2nd major championship by winning the USPGA Championship by a record margin of 8 shots.

2693: 13111: 12894: 12772: 11903: 7759: 6864: 4457:. It began to be written down after Christianisation in the 5th century and spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it evolved into the 15505: 12991: 12450: 12403: 10294: 10083: 9987: 9508: 9236: 6702: 4426: 2758:, which has a width of 23 kilometres (14 mi) at its narrowest point. To the west is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the 954:

began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing

14066: 12872: 9957: 7263: 5077:

of the medieval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as

3591:

People have lived in Ireland for over 9,000 years. Early historical and genealogical records note the existence of major groups such as the

1484:, and there is no general agreement as to whether the bull was genuine or a forgery. Further, it had no standing in the Irish legal system. 19014: 16457: 13074:"Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship" 10980: 14385: 10829: 10652: 1712:, Roman Catholics and nonconforming Protestant Dissenters were barred from sitting as members in the Irish Parliament. Under the emerging 141: 19192: 19070: 15624: 15048: 14960: 14386:"Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources" 13594: 13043: 8509: 7600:"The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland" 2705: 2324:

wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. The Protestant and Catholic communities in Northern Ireland voted largely along

2129:. It gave Ireland complete independence in its home affairs and practical independence for foreign policy, but an opt-out clause allowed 1874: 1856: 1753: 1590: 717: 13900:

All agricultural produce in Ireland , in fact, outperformed that of other European countries (it was twice that of France, for example).

11500: 11046: 10711: 9696: 8092: 5182:, an Irish explorer, was one of the principal figures of Antarctic exploration. He, along with his expedition, made the first ascent of 1659:

This control was consolidated during the wars and conflicts of the 17th century, including the English and Scottish colonisation in the

19024: 16471: 13689: 12594: 7804: 7292: 5752: 5451: 3994: 10916: 10139: 8049: 5348:

made progress in different fields of science, including mechanics and geometrical methods in general relativity. He had mathematician

4096: 18639: 16611: 16582: 15392: 15270: 13790: 11072: 9871: 8799: 8542: 5252:, he was the first to split the nucleus of the atom by artificial means and made contributions to the development of a new theory of 4104: 2755: 1337:

that was already deep-seated in Ireland. The Vikings were involved in establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland:

586: 13758: 12957: 10684: 9799: 9299: 7545: 7166: 5917:

With thousands of lakes, over 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) of fish-bearing rivers and over 7,500 kilometres (4,660 mi) of

4648:

the fifth century. The Hiberno-Scottish missions, begun by the Irish monk Saint Columba, spread the Irish vision of Christianity to

3923: 633:

is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the

18907: 16290: 14926: 12932: 12738: 11956: 11870:"Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006" 11272: 10016: 7576: 7009: 5515: 5483: 4033:. The six counties that constitute Northern Ireland are all in the province of Ulster (which has nine counties in total). As such, 2400: 1964: 1810:. It saw numerous battles across the island with an estimated 30,000 dead with some listed below (for full list see main article.) 1212:

and even then was not a consistent one. Ireland did have a culturally unifying rule of law: the early written judicial system, the

14043: 12343: 7490: 18736: 18659: 18649: 16462: 15486: 15275: 14154: 12502: 11533: 7317: 5519: 5514:

in north Dublin and has a capacity of 82,500. Many major GAA games are played there, including the semi-finals and finals of the

5455: 3570: 2599: 1476:

and its integration into the Roman Church system. Some restructuring had already begun at the ecclesiastical level following the

7694: 2908:

limestone over the centre of the country, giving rise to a comparatively fertile and lush landscape. The west-coast district of

2336:. Over time, the minority Catholic community felt increasingly alienated with further disaffection fuelled by practices such as 2042:

in the war. A minority, approximately 13,000, retained the Irish Volunteers' name and opposed Ireland's involvement in the war.

18679: 18664: 18654: 15636: 15520: 15180: 14184: 11649: 11555: 10395: 2678: 2634: 1963:. O'Connell spearheaded a vigorous campaign that was taken up by the Prime Minister, the Irish-born soldier and statesman, the 1418: 634: 13870:(1998). "Peel, rotten potatoes, and providence: the repeal of the Corn Laws and the irish Famine". In Marrison, Andrew (ed.). 12836: 10593: 8960: 8773: 4448:

Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Ireland census in 2011 or the Northern Ireland census in 2011

19034: 18669: 17058: 16438: 15469: 14867: 14832: 14791: 14750: 14712: 14684: 14644: 14591: 14570: 14545: 14503: 14471: 14441: 14004: 13952: 13881: 13588: 13531: 13450: 13419: 13388: 13357: 13262: 12314: 12215: 12114: 12087: 12065: 11936: 11853: 11494: 11375: 11218: 10865: 10531: 9937: 9907: 9641: 9611: 9586: 9555: 9452: 9391: 9363: 9182: 9145: 9088: 9060: 9032: 8991: 8914: 8883: 8746: 8721: 8662: 8637: 8612: 8482: 8421: 8394: 8366: 8086: 7840: 7736: 7638: 7360: 5813: 4397: 3837:. Many survived into late medieval times, others vanished as they became politically unimportant. Over the past 1,200 years, 3337: 2365: 14838: 14756: 14718: 14597: 14509: 14296: 13919: 13887: 13815: 12676: 12120: 11682: 11076: 10492: 10226: 8447: 5933:

fishing remain popular with anglers, salmon fishing, in particular, received a boost in 2006 with the closing of the salmon

2343:

In the late 1960s, nationalist grievances were aired publicly in mass civil rights protests, which were often confronted by

2241:. The Republic's real GDP grew by an average of 9.6% per annum between 1995 and 1999, in which year the Republic joined the 18892: 16340: 15723: 15609: 14360: 13719: 12798: 11451: 10894: 10339: 10079: 7991:"The Longue Durée of Genetic Ancestry: Multiple Genetic Marker Systems and Celtic Origins on the Atlantic Facade of Europe" 7107: 4663:

worldwide have become outposts of Irish culture, especially those with a full range of cultural and gastronomic offerings.

4066: 2214: 778:. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as 598: 12152: 10172: 2648:

and with Scotland, Northern Ireland forms one of the three separate legal jurisdictions of the UK, all of which share the

18674: 15678: 15591: 15548: 10756: 9739: 7668: 7039: 5918: 5578: 4188: 2649: 12646: 6782: 4928:. Outside religious establishments, musical genres in early Gaelic Ireland are referred to as a triad of weeping music ( 2387:

was concluded as a treaty between the British and Irish governments, annexing the text agreed in the multi-party talks.

1611: 19102: 19029: 16443: 16207: 16110: 15604: 15515: 15290: 15093: 15053: 15041: 15036: 15024: 14952: 14122: 13982: 7995: 7515: 6163: 5831:

Golf is very popular, and golf tourism is a major industry attracting more than 240,000 golfing visitors annually. The

2166: 2162: 2069: 1956: 1928:

depression caused by the famine resulted in a further million people emigrating. By the end of the decade, half of all

1370: 740:

in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the

13876:. Free trade and its reception 1815–1960 : freedom and trade. Vol. 1. London: Psychology Press. p. 52. 12365: 12178: 18137: 17950: 15300: 15019: 13475: 12444: 12027: 11978: 11242: 10265: 9839: 9793: 6973: 5732: 5642: 4971: 4953: 4741:, which saw the beginnings of modern literature in Irish. This was to produce a number of notable writers, including 2574: 2376: 2357: 2267: 1091: 527: 12273: 10629: 10439: 9845: 8151: 7972: 3864:

The population of Ireland rose rapidly from the 16th century until the mid-19th century, interrupted briefly by the

2416:) and began withdrawing troops. On 27 June 2012, Northern Ireland's deputy first minister and former IRA commander, 1998:

Daniel O'Connell led a subsequent campaign, for the repeal of the Act of Union, which failed. Later in the century,

18761: 16466: 15490: 15122: 15065: 15005: 14328: 13220: 13160: 11626: 9811: 7348: 6631:

transmission line between Ireland and Great Britain with a capacity of 500 MW, about 10% of Ireland's peak demand.

6417: 6067: 3574: 1932:

was from Ireland. The period of civil unrest that followed until the end of the 19th century is referred to as the

1929: 1882: 1366: 1258: 681: 606: 3286:

in Ireland, and of them, only 26 land mammal species are considered native to Ireland. Some species, such as, the

1286:, ornate jewellery and the many carved stone crosses that still dot the island today. A mission founded in 563 on 16544: 16103: 15730: 15176: 13841: 11588: 6467: 5836: 5544: 4957: 2661: 2107:, which ended in a truce in July 1921 (although violence continued until June 1922, mostly in Northern Ireland). 1976: 1861:

As a direct result of the 1798 rebellion in its aftermath in 1800, the British and Irish parliaments both passed

1738: 1676: 1644:. English rule was reinforced and expanded in Ireland during the latter part of the 16th century, leading to the 713: 273: 12830: 10112: 7879: 6530:

The Dublin region receives the most tourists and is home to several of the most popular attractions such as the

5705:) have won the Heineken Cup. In addition to this, the Irish International side has had increased success in the 4526:

areas are in the west, south-west and north-west, in Galway, Mayo, Donegal, western Cork and Kerry with smaller

19455: 19335: 15735: 15631: 15305: 15285: 15240: 14938: 14332: 13619: 13194: 12557: 7465: 4571: 3891: 3010:, compared to 10 days at coastal stations. Ireland is sometimes affected by heat waves, most recently in 1995, 2290: 1968: 360: 12232: 11013: 10462: 2999:

Inland areas are warmer in summer and colder in winter. Usually around 40 days of the year are below freezing

995:, with its arrival in Britain and Ireland dated to around the middle of the third millennium BC. According to 19107: 18120: 15713: 15422: 15336: 14214: 13555: 12527: 11528: 7043: 6661: 5214: 5198:. He is largely regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry and is best known for the formulation of 4721: 4701: 4468:

The Irish language has a vast treasury of written texts from many centuries and is divided by linguists into

3861:

and Eastern Europeans have all added to the population and have had significant influences on Irish culture.

3282:

and as a result, it has fewer land animal and plant species than Great Britain or mainland Europe. There are

2686: 2682: 2195: 1229: 1154:. These 'new' names were likely to have been the local names for the islands at the time. The earlier names, 317: 14694: 11877: 8934: 8248: 4876:

Modern Irish literature is often connected with its rural heritage through English-language writers such as

2958:

oil field was discovered, which was estimated to contain over 28 million barrels (4,500,000 m) of oil.

2801:, which rises to 1,039 m (3,409 ft) above sea level. The most arable land lies in the province of 1951:, primarily among the Roman Catholic population. The pre-eminent Irish political figure after the Union was 688:

claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century

19065: 18393: 16370: 15688: 15614: 15464: 15397: 15321: 15195: 15152: 14919: 11902:. Access Research Knowledge Northern Ireland (Queen's University Belfast / Ulster University). 9 May 2003. 11774: 9258: 9112: 6616: 5556: 4030: 3253: 3019: 2771: 2138: 1742: 1649: 11116: 10373: 6901: 6634:

As with electricity, the natural gas distribution network is also now all-island, with a pipeline linking

2972:

The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, earns it the sobriquet

2233:

state would have had great difficulty in defending itself from invasion from either side in the conflict.

19117: 19044: 18729: 17593: 16858: 15708: 15081: 14809: 14495: 13013: 11447: 9785: 7111: 6739: 6628: 6524: 6402: 6205: 6167: 5507: 4883: 4587: 3015: 2670: 2284: 2280: 2191: 2084: 2073: 2045: 1814: 1573: 1135: 741: 14274: 13081: 11211:

Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556–1578

10204: 19400: 19144: 19039: 19019: 18756: 18164: 18039: 17644: 17613: 16998: 16413: 16052: 15718: 15412: 14658: 13133: 12057: 9413: 8692: 8565: 8474: 8282: 7865:

A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64

6647: 6211: 5710: 5646: 5603: 5531: 5412: 5372: 5363:

Ireland has nine universities, seven in the Republic of Ireland and two in Northern Ireland, including

5249: 4847:

is widely considered to be one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. Joyce's 1922 novel

4824: 3865: 3550: 3283: 2638: 2614: 2392: 2329: 1795: 1664: 1007:

developed. This contrasts with the traditional view that their origin lies in mainland Europe with the

12623: 10557: 2785:

A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low plains at the centre of the island. The highest of these is

1940:. The population has never returned to this level since. The population continued to fall until 1961; 680:

on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century

18897: 18125: 17960: 17588: 16120: 15976: 15696: 15510: 15432: 15417: 15402: 15250: 15185: 15147: 15137: 15127: 14987: 14537: 14236: 11816: 8078: 7945: 7599: 7102: 6755: 6561: 5368: 4797: 4116: 2618: 2607: 2428: 2396: 2104: 1668: 1645: 1380: 1374: 1193: 999:

and others, Ireland in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-network culture called the

721: 689: 630: 17925: 16138: 13751:"Regional GDP GDP per capita in the EU in 2011: seven capital regions among the ten most prosperous" 13349: 13343: 12478: 10794: 9868:"'We Shall Overcome' ... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978" 6689:

The Republic has a strong commitment to renewable energy and ranks as one of the top 10 markets for

4862: 4744: 4709: 2420:, shook hands with Queen Elizabeth II in Belfast, symbolising reconciliation between the two sides. 19177: 19049: 18465: 17899: 17875: 17201: 16365: 15495: 15109: 14889: 14620: 13046:. PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited, and Turner Sports Interactive. 23 January 2006. Archived from 12768: 11899: 11806: 8863: 8498: 7752: 6635: 6217: 6059: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5371:, as well as numerous third-level colleges and institutes and a branch of the Open University, the 5313: 5175: 4323: 2894: 2246: 2030:. The Irish Volunteers split into two groups. The majority, approximately 175,000 in number, under 1984: 1870: 1780: 1621: 1533: 1449: 1295: 1224: 1079: 618: 28: 13500: 13442: 13436: 12983: 12858: 12426: 12395: 11302: 10068: 9980: 9504: 9228: 7832:

Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature

2408:

supervised its disarmament and that of other nationalist and unionist paramilitary organisations.

2133:

to remain within the United Kingdom, which it immediately exercised. Additionally, Members of the

19450: 18176: 17824: 17370: 17089: 16908: 16798: 16433: 16382: 16098: 15850: 15599: 15459: 15265: 15210: 15200: 15167: 15000: 14912: 14704: 14074: 12243: 10902: 10298: 9953: 9825: 8316: 8235:

A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds

7728: 5773: 5756: 5635: 5475: 5394: 5376: 5271: 5179: 5074: 5068: 5044: 4638: 4626: 4623:

and Brittany. This combination of cultural influences is visible in the intricate designs termed

4062: 3460: 3330: 3011: 2931: 2566: 2505: 2497: 2484: 2399:, with entrenched protections for the two main communities. The Executive is jointly headed by a 2371:

Other groups, both the unionist and nationalist participated in violence, and a period known as "

2210: 2039: 1999: 1890: 1799: 1766: 1241: 1049: 988: 610: 201: 10976: 8604: 8598: 2946:

off the County Mayo coast. This has increased activity off the west coast in parallel with the "

1437: 19445: 18722: 18644: 18563: 18526: 17598: 16888: 16883: 16453: 16330: 15956: 15476: 15331: 15220: 15171: 14392: 10819: 10098: 9701: 6655: 6488:. Several other places are on the tentative list, for example the Burren, the Ceide Fields and 6442: 6436: 5877: 5574: 5471: 5458:

field separate international teams. Northern Ireland has produced two World Snooker Champions.

5364: 5360:, became the first female president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 5301: 5245: 4961: 4813: 4715: 4547:

recognition is afforded to Irish, including specific protective measures under Part III of the

4092: 3915: 3480:

Much of the land is now covered with pasture and there are many species of wild-flower. Gorse (

2935: 2245:. In 2000, it was the sixth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Historian 1992: 1937: 1924: 1912: 1824: 1701: 1660: 1492: 1453: 1277: 970:, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as 900: 886:. Since 2021, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland is dated to 33,000 years ago. 829:

first recorded in the ninth century. The etymology of Ériu is disputed but may derive from the

744:. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the 693: 594: 14636: 14562: 14556: 14433: 14423: 13578: 13047: 12207: 12201: 11484: 8875: 8502: 8136: 7830: 6686:, although some urban suppliers distribute sods of turf as "smokeless fuel" for domestic use. 4752: 2947: 19325: 19170: 18866: 18410: 18225: 17970: 17870: 17241: 17084: 17063: 16115: 16086: 15619: 14676: 13411: 13405: 11038: 9706: 8338: 8072: 6786: 6071: 6035: 5848: 5821: 5357: 5305: 4782: 4694: 4688: 4552: 4486: 2541: 2384: 2380: 2333: 2316: 2100: 2003: 1988: 1901: 1803: 1749: 1717: 1594: 1553: 1422: 1333:

raiders plundered Irish monasteries and towns. These raids added to a pattern of raiding and

1166: 919:

to c. 4,350 BC. Field systems were developed in different parts of Ireland, including at the

889:

By about 8,000 BC, more sustained occupation of the island has been shown, with evidence for

737: 697: 7785: 7289: 5840: 5040: 4780:, often called the foremost satirist in the English language, gained fame for works such as 2920:

features. Significant stratiform lead-zinc mineralisation is found in the limestones around

2561:

The Republic of Ireland today ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of

2304: 18944: 18786: 18553: 18425: 18159: 17809: 17206: 17129: 16938: 16863: 16485: 16252: 16023: 16000: 15785: 15671: 15525: 15500: 15369: 15190: 15162: 14127: 10924: 10130: 8534: 8041: 7441: 6913: 6828: 6421: 5817: 5777: 5744: 5661:(including a quarter-final). There are four professional Irish teams; all four play in the 5658: 5654: 5349: 5293: 4960:

as well as the country houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy, with the first performance of

4854: 4832: 4439: 4006: 3998: 3907: 3459:. Remnants of native forest can be found scattered around the island, in particular in the 2717: 2565:

and in 2015 was ranked the sixth most developed nation in the world by the United Nations'

2509: 2490: 2116: 2064:

of 1916 was carried out by the latter group together with a smaller socialist militia, the

1834: 1794:) made common cause with Roman Catholics in a republican rebellion inspired and led by the 1713: 1680: 1577: 1189: 1108:-speaking people from Ireland who settled in western Scotland in the 6th century or before. 779: 725: 669: 641: 559: 449: 355: 70: 14783: 14773: 9867: 9215:

Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850

8984:

Arctic Ireland: The Extraordinary Story of the Great Frost and Forgotten Famine of 1740–41

8677: 7537: 4768: 2942:

in the mid-1970s. In 1999, economically significant finds of natural gas were made in the

2383:

of 1973. In 1998, following a ceasefire by the Provisional IRA and multi-party talks, the

2368:

and began a campaign against what it called the "British occupation of the six counties".

1771: 8: 19410: 19330: 19187: 19134: 19122: 18823: 18702: 18440: 18309: 18239: 18220: 18199: 18132: 17955: 17829: 17649: 17634: 17629: 17583: 17558: 17231: 17124: 17109: 16923: 16742: 16537: 16360: 16262: 16158: 16046: 15891: 15581: 15571: 15481: 15157: 15014: 14995: 14949: 13750: 12961: 11952: 11456: 11420: 10688: 10199: 9777: 9578: 9572: 7162: 6531: 6485: 6473: 6103: 6034:

and other shellfish), as well as traditional soda breads and the wide range of hand-made

5855:

in July 2007. He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the

5809: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5195: 5187: 4828: 4644: 4567: 4361: 4081: 4026: 3911: 3515: 3336:

Several different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland,

3279: 2739: 2735: 2473: 2229: 2200: 2184: 2171: 2050: 2035: 2022: 1952: 1844: 1653: 1515: 1398: 1307: 1299: 1140: 1000: 867: 861: 830: 614: 578: 467: 462: 432: 350: 244: 20: 17839: 16187: 13683:"National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007–2013" 12746: 12339: 11264: 10012: 9081:

The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782–1992

8332: 8306: 7568: 7445: 6917: 6832: 2379:. There were several unsuccessful attempts to end the Troubles politically, such as the 1907: 1236:

to minister to the Irish "already believing in Christ". The same chronicle records that

19220: 19182: 19165: 19112: 19086: 18912: 18858: 18606: 18337: 18230: 18194: 18115: 18070: 17965: 17791: 17682: 17639: 17568: 17375: 17150: 16918: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16803: 16660: 16616: 16387: 16320: 16315: 16242: 16225: 16143: 15830: 15825: 15758: 15387: 15255: 15205: 15142: 15117: 15113: 15031: 14975: 14801: 14733: 14463: 14429: 13380: 13374: 13327: 13294: 12466: 9485: 9327: 9011: 8171: 8163: 8017: 7990: 7457: 6929: 6535: 6479: 6187: 5844: 5825: 5345: 4873:

is regarded as a modernist masterpiece and has been translated into several languages.

4583: 3428: 3400: 3022:. In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during 2967: 2855: 2826: 2743: 2578: 2501: 2445: 2176: 2153:. The civil war officially ended in May 1923 when de Valera issued a cease-fire order. 2122: 2065: 1866: 1862: 1705: 1648:. A near-complete conquest was achieved by the turn of the 17th century, following the 1606: 1499: 1155: 1018: 916: 908: 871: 850: 751: 709: 685: 677: 653: 405: 12039:

Brannon, Patrick V.: "Medieval Ireland: Music in Cathedral, Church and Cloister", in:

11523: 7066:"Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland, Statistical bulletin, Ethnic group" 5136: 2150: 1798:, with the aim of creating an independent Ireland. Despite assistance from France the 1671:. Irish losses during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (which, in Ireland, included the 19390: 19281: 19139: 18470: 18445: 18435: 18171: 18144: 18025: 17880: 17865: 17860: 17819: 17814: 17719: 17608: 17563: 17553: 17545: 17216: 17170: 17160: 17006: 16833: 16813: 16772: 16418: 16348: 16068: 15930: 15795: 15701: 15651: 15566: 15427: 15341: 14863: 14828: 14787: 14779: 14746: 14708: 14680: 14640: 14625: 14587: 14566: 14541: 14499: 14467: 14437: 13877: 13867: 13584: 13527: 13471: 13446: 13415: 13384: 13353: 13314: 13258: 12895:"Tokyo 2020: Kellie Harrington lands lightweight Olympic gold after dominant display" 12440: 12211: 12110: 12083: 12061: 12023: 11932: 11926: 11849: 11490: 11214: 10861: 10657: 10527: 9933: 9903: 9835: 9789: 9743: 9637: 9607: 9582: 9551: 9448: 9387: 9359: 9178: 9141: 9084: 9056: 9028: 8987: 8910: 8879: 8868: 8742: 8717: 8658: 8633: 8608: 8478: 8417: 8411: 8390: 8362: 8358: 8175: 8130: 8082: 8022: 7836: 7796: 7732: 7698: 7634: 7461: 7356: 6933: 6846: 6609: 5999: 5805: 5726: 5570: 5535: 5353: 5321: 5285: 5281: 5078: 5005: 4941: 4788: 4596: 4193: 4025:(north). In a system that developed between the 13th and 17th centuries, Ireland has 3883: 3872: 3377: 3361: 3291: 2981: 2843: 2747: 2731: 2674: 2666: 2645: 2523: 2417: 2353: 2007: 1948: 1829: 1776: 1672: 1426: 1323: 1254: 1158:, were likely to have been coined before direct contact with local peoples was made. 1113: 1074: 1062: 1008: 645: 89: 15924: 15661: 14188: 13069: 12820: 11355:

Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data

11131: 11110: 3898:, 32% of respondents said they went to a religious service more than once per week. 2531: 2478: 1697: 1506:, is extant in Ireland as a voluntary donation. In turn, Henry assumed the title of 19440: 19385: 19251: 19243: 19228: 19160: 19127: 18837: 18499: 18460: 18415: 18402: 18322: 18301: 18204: 18149: 17834: 17654: 17573: 17385: 17165: 17104: 16994: 16873: 16868: 16838: 16808: 16762: 16724: 16590: 16277: 16257: 16078: 16033: 15407: 15088: 15070: 14957: 13944: 13322: 13306: 12432: 10579: 9477: 8956: 8762: 8302: 8214: 8012: 8004: 7449: 6921: 6836: 6694: 6690: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6573: 6539: 6508: 6095: 6091: 5865: 5856: 5740: 5653:, making the quarter-finals in eight of them. Ireland also hosted games during the 5427: 5388: 5329: 5218: 5090: 4999: 4966: 4914: 4809: 4805: 4793: 4612: 4563: 4551:. A lesser status (including recognition under Part II of the Charter) is given to 4058: 4054: 3887: 3858: 3832: 3492: 3424: 3404: 3385: 3249: 3245: 2943: 2898: 2875: 2590: 2440:, and Northern Ireland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. They share an 2413: 2218: 2206: 2180: 2146: 2130: 2018: 1839: 1503: 1319: 1315: 1233: 1201: 1004: 897: 767: 755: 729: 664: 622: 492: 278: 24: 12304: 6154:, a soft-drink, is consumed on its own and as a mixer, particularly with whiskey. 3451:. Only about 10% of Ireland today is woodland; most of this is non-native conifer 3278:, Ireland only had an ice bridge ending around 14,000 years ago at the end of the 870:, and until about 16,000 BC, much of Ireland was periodically covered in ice. The 19405: 19294: 19256: 18998: 18939: 18815: 18542: 18480: 18420: 18383: 18355: 18317: 18282: 18262: 18045: 18035: 18020: 17907: 17714: 17578: 17341: 17196: 17155: 17145: 16989: 16928: 16848: 16843: 16828: 16823: 16736: 16377: 16305: 16300: 16130: 16008: 15935: 15576: 15260: 15235: 14824: 14818: 14740: 14698: 14665: 14581: 14489: 14300: 14011: 13913: 13871: 13819: 12794: 12104: 11779: 11690: 11654: 11361: 11155: 11068: 10898: 10716: 10500: 10467:

The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System

9294: 8441: 8437: 8312: 7725:

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

7569:"Reindeer bone found in north Cork to alter understanding of Irish human history" 7497: 7453: 7296: 7275: 7270: 7247: 7242: 6504: 6496: 6412:

frequently hobbled its development. Repeated invasions and plantations disrupted

6011: 5861: 5824:

won silver in the 20k walk at the 2003 World Championships, while sprint hurdler

5781: 5736: 5650: 5649:, governs the sport across the island. The Irish rugby team have played in every 5566: 5431: 5399: 5148: 5144: 5048: 5032: 4995: 4991: 4925: 4849: 4801: 4608: 4559: 4539: 4458: 4046: 3854: 3554: 3444: 3420: 3412: 3295: 3275: 3007: 2977: 2904:-aged rocks. This partial ring of "hard rock" geology is covered by a blanket of 2603: 2437: 2344: 2312: 2142: 2027: 1944:

was the final Irish county to record a population increase post-famine, in 2006.

1791: 1731: 1637: 1629: 1519: 1507: 1433: 1334: 1314:

on continental Europe after the fall of Rome. These missions continued until the

1311: 826: 759: 701: 340: 14353: 10891: 10343: 8800:"Charles James Fox, the Repeal of Poynings Law, and the Act of Union: 1782–1801" 6588:

are also of interest to tourists. Some have been converted into hotels, such as

5300:, County Armagh, discovered pulsars in 1967. Notable mathematicians include Sir 4868: 4177: 3602: 3318: 922: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19271: 19261: 19233: 18981: 18964: 18959: 18828: 18581: 18571: 18547: 18494: 18450: 18365: 18345: 18327: 18272: 18267: 18235: 18080: 18060: 17885: 17786: 17765: 17760: 17397: 17331: 17326: 17315: 17296: 17290: 17286: 17099: 17094: 17053: 16980: 16966: 16878: 16853: 16818: 16777: 16767: 16703: 16690: 16630: 16574: 16566: 16557: 16530: 16512: 16408: 16247: 16235: 16013: 15076: 15060: 15010: 14015: 13310: 13278:

Salaman, Redcliffe Nathan; Burton, William Glynn; Hawkes, John Gregory (1985).

12704:"New Zealand hold off Ireland in titanic battle to reach World Cup semi-finals" 12142: 11560: 10552: 7160: 6841: 6816: 6693:

investment in the 2014 Global Green Economy Index. Research and development in

6589: 6512: 6500: 6425: 6183: 5987: 5959: 5938: 5832: 5713:

in 2004, 2006 and 2007, culminated with a clean sweep of victories, known as a

5690: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5607: 5587: 5523: 5408: 5320:. remains influential in neo-classical microeconomic theory to this day; while 5289: 5222: 5210: 5199: 5194:

was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early

5126: 5064: 4987: 4836: 4777: 4738: 4616: 4493: 4478: 4412: 4112: 4089: 3871:

Ireland's largest religious group is Christianity. The largest denomination is

3534: 3519: 3511: 3482: 3472: 2879: 2847: 2790: 2562: 2361: 2337: 2255: 2088: 1941: 1819: 1617: 1524: 1477: 1469: 1445: 1414: 1318:, establishing monasteries and centres of learning, producing scholars such as 1209: 1162: 992: 963: 936: 771: 745: 660: 626: 574: 546: 536: 345: 265: 54: 19299: 13974: 11136:

Debate involving Former Minister for Environment Heritage and Local Government

10764: 9532:

Hull, Mark: "The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939–1943",

8219: 8202: 7302: 7071:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. September 2022. p. 4. 5178:

was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the early Middle Ages. Sir

4671: 3258: 2805:. Western areas are mainly mountainous and rocky with green panoramic vistas. 2126: 1480:

in 1152. There has been significant controversy regarding the authenticity of

1264: 1003:

that also included Britain, western France and Iberia, and that this is where

939:. The fields were farmed for several centuries between 3,500 BC and 3,000 BC. 935:, arguably the oldest in the world, consisted of small divisions separated by 754:

has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of

19434: 19266: 18949: 18745: 18378: 18350: 18257: 18249: 17991: 17943: 17729: 17677: 17406: 17346: 17336: 17236: 17211: 17002: 16063: 15896: 15770: 15245: 15230: 14632: 13318: 12309: 10824: 9747: 7800: 7511: 6865:"Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas" 6850: 6790: 6710: 6642:, County Antrim. Most of Ireland's gas comes through interconnectors between 6593: 6489: 6409: 6121: 6087: 6076: 5983: 5979: 5950: 5873: 5678: 5341: 5333: 5317: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5230: 5120: 5114: 5082: 5011: 4983: 4949: 4877: 4840: 4676: 4604: 4462: 4420: 4077: 4050: 4038: 3448: 3440: 3350: 3299: 2951: 2905: 2806: 2786: 2767: 2630: 2569:. A period of rapid economic expansion from 1995 onwards became known as the 2449: 2308: 2294: 2061: 2054: 2011: 1688: 1641: 1569: 1511: 1473: 1406: 1282: 1269: 1237: 1043:

script and culture were brought to Ireland by waves of invading or migrating

991:(including Celtic) through Western Europe with a people bringing a composite 602: 582: 230: 176: 156: 143: 4641:

and dance, and has become indicative of modern "Celtic" culture in general.

3682: 2134: 2094: 1593:

of 1494, Irish Parliamentary legislation was subject to the approval of the

19415: 19380: 18696: 18489: 18277: 17801: 17755: 17694: 17603: 17380: 17358: 17351: 16793: 16718: 16708: 16640: 16217: 16153: 16148: 16058: 16041: 15866: 15805: 15295: 15280: 14859: 12931:(Report). Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. p. 11. Archived from 12708: 12340:"John Bell: Belfast street named after physicist who proved Einstein wrong" 10260: 10255: 8570: 8026: 6925: 6706: 6577: 6553: 6547: 6520: 6151: 6107: 6054: 5925:

destination. The temperate Irish climate is suited to sport angling. While

5902: 5869: 5790: 5760: 5748: 5670: 5666: 5548: 5467: 5443: 5435: 5337: 5206: 5191: 5183: 5167: 5098: 5019: 4653: 4473: 4342: 4100: 3846: 3566: 3542: 3381: 3312: 2913: 2810: 2809:, the island's longest river at 360.5 km (224 mi) long, rises in 2798: 2570: 2441: 2372: 2349: 2298: 2238: 2099:) and government. Simultaneously the Volunteers, which became known as the 2031: 1960: 1886: 1727: 1572:. In some parts, a hybrid Hiberno-Norman culture emerged. In response, the 1464: 1394: 1280:, metalworking and sculpture flourished and produced treasures such as the 1205: 1033: 1025: 996: 967: 932: 912: 883: 787: 763: 733: 644:

comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with

393: 387: 381: 99: 16985: 14270: 14073:. Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Archived from 11982: 11234: 11151:"Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low" 6677:(known locally as "turf") as a source of energy for home fires. A form of 6182:

Despite the two jurisdictions using two distinct currencies (the euro and

3792: 3712: 3704: 3610: 2080: 1514:, in 1185. This defined the Anglo-Norman administration in Ireland as the 19395: 18976: 18876: 18611: 18596: 17997: 17916: 17724: 17709: 17699: 17672: 17498: 17451: 17363: 17114: 16731: 16635: 16522: 16354: 16267: 15966: 15910: 15871: 15132: 10615: 9829: 9778:"How much discrimination was there under the Unionist regime, 1921–1968?" 8237:, pp. 35–55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C 6683: 6651: 6569: 6516: 6413: 6125: 6099: 5907: 5893: 5786: 5735:. Ireland has won more medals in boxing than in any other Olympic sport. 5488: 5439: 5309: 5257: 5226: 5152: 5140: 5102: 5094: 4918: 4901: 4844: 4817: 4632: 4620: 4444: 4246: 4182: 4073: 4042: 3895: 3880: 3579: 3307: 2939: 2921: 2851: 2722: 2698: 2537: 2289:

Northern Ireland resulted from the division of the United Kingdom by the

2251: 1972: 1684: 1565: 1529: 1390: 1346: 1250: 1213: 879: 783: 775: 649: 399: 19304: 17266: 17037: 14612:

Ferriter, Diarmaid. "Women and political change in Ireland since 1960."

13657:"Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021" 13295:"Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500–1920" 12436: 9571:

Clancy, Patrick; Drudy, Sheelagh; Lynch, Kathleen; O'Dowd, Liam (1997).

9489: 7925:"A History of Ireland: From the Earliest Times to 1922" By Edmund Curtis 6435:

16th and 17th centuries: confiscation and redistribution of land in the

5123:, which was founded in 1904, and the national Irish-language theatre is 4760: 3824: 2228:

was also active in Ireland. Its operations ended in September 1941 when

2125:

was concluded between the British government and representatives of the

19375: 19309: 18534: 18522: 17975: 17939: 17739: 17704: 17664: 17256: 17023: 17014: 16448: 15971: 15881: 15845: 15835: 15641: 13216: 11711: 11098: 8763:"The Great Irish Famine: Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish" 8566:"Scion of traitors and warlords: Why Bush is coy about his Irish links" 8355:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

6698: 6666: 6639: 6565: 5995: 5971: 5911: 5852: 5555:

in 1923 and organised its first international fixture in 1926 (against

5511: 5492: 5325: 5237: 5086: 5052: 5023: 4978: 4945: 4940:). Vocal and instrumental music (e.g. for the harp, pipes, and various 3876: 3776: 3728: 3674: 3526:: the Celtic broadleaf forests and North Atlantic moist mixed forests. 3503: 3466: 3452: 3436: 3373: 2909: 2890: 2867: 2835: 2759: 2513: 1980: 1709: 1633: 1460: 1459:

The invasion was legitimised by reference to provisions of the alleged

951: 890: 875: 16092: 13845: 11235:"The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer" 8167: 5955: 4897: 4656:, earning Ireland the sobriquet, "the island of saints and scholars". 4144: 3618: 2436:

The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, an independent

1130:("Little Britain"), in contrast to the larger island, which he called 19289: 17934: 17046: 16480: 16201: 15985: 15840: 15815: 15790: 15215: 14899: 11747:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office. 22 November 2012. Archived from 10788:"Environment in Focus 2002: Key Environmental Indicators for Ireland" 9481: 7989:

McEvoy, B.; Richards, M.; Forster, P.; Bradley, D.G. (October 2004).

6620: 6557: 6543: 6449: 6007: 5540: 5496: 5036: 4858: 4660: 4533: 4515: 4504: 4482: 4469: 4380: 4115:, while no longer a city for administrative purposes (since the 2001 3800: 3760: 3720: 3696: 3666: 3626: 3523: 3507: 3432: 3392: 3369: 3365: 3360:

There are no snakes in Ireland, and only one species of reptile (the

2883: 2831: 2751: 2547: 2517: 2325: 1354: 1182: 1022: 1014: 817: 705: 590: 424: 17246: 16952: 16166: 15886: 14526:

Sixties Ireland: reshaping the economy, state and society, 1957–1973

11618: 9083:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. p. 28. 8331: 7430:"Sea-level change and inner shelf stratigraphy off Northern Ireland" 7429: 7097: 6912:(4). Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin: 501–508. 6198:

Below is a comparison of the regional GDP on the island of Ireland.

5163: 3642: 18991: 18954: 18842: 18796: 18591: 18055: 17508: 17463: 17427: 17415: 17261: 17221: 17041: 17033: 17028: 17010: 16933: 16670: 16665: 16650: 16392: 16325: 15990: 15876: 15820: 15225: 14213:. Commission for Energy Regulation. 28 January 2011. Archived from 13551: 13190: 10857: 8008: 7541: 7236:"Native trees cover just 2% of Ireland. How can this be increased?" 6643: 6129: 6111: 6044: 5934: 5898: 5276: 5015: 4454: 4266: 4108: 4029:. Twenty-six of these counties are in the Republic of Ireland, and 4014: 4010: 3953: 3937: 3850: 3784: 3768: 3752: 3322: 3303: 2901: 2886:

into more Ordovician and Silurian rocks, like that found in Wales.

2871: 2859: 2814: 2802: 2763: 2328:

lines, meaning that the government of Northern Ireland (elected by

1933: 1807: 1586: 1342: 1303: 1146: 1122: 928: 927:, that has been preserved beneath a blanket of peat in present-day 904: 569: 17276: 11416:"The Irish-American population is seven times larger than Ireland" 11039:"CAP Reform – A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture" 9604:

Winning and Losing: the Changing Geography of Europe's Rural Areas

7916:

Early Peoples of Britain and Ireland: A-G Christopher Allen Snyder

7139: 7035: 6959: 6179:

Ireland and the United Kingdom measure these numbers differently.

4512:

Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the

3879:

denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland). The largest is the

3736: 2701:

issues, are required to take place under the establishing treaty.

84: 18832: 18781: 18601: 18576: 18455: 18430: 18065: 18030: 18003: 17930: 17912: 17503: 17068: 16698: 16675: 16310: 16295: 16194: 15981: 15961: 14904: 14240: 14103:. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. 17 September 2008 11184:"Divorce rates soar in Ireland as population continues to expand" 10763:. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency . 2011. Archived from 9550:. San Francisco: International Scholars Publishers. p. 190. 7491:

The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge?

6678: 6624: 6142: 6019: 5922: 5889: 5423: 5404: 4226: 4149: 4018: 3985: 3842: 3838: 3816: 3808: 3634: 3594: 3456: 3354: 3341: 3287: 3263: 2989: 2955: 2623: 2595: 2464:

which resulted in 51.9% of UK voters choosing to leave the bloc.

2139:

an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Irish Free State

2017:

Their formation was followed in 1914 by the establishment of the

1441: 1350: 1291: 1117: 1054: 1029: 959: 288: 18791: 18714: 7353:

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set

5747:. In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games. 5709:

against the other European elite sides. This success, including

5539:

incident in which, despite an earlier promise, the IFA moved an

4133: 3744: 2850:, is a medium- to high-grade metamorphic and igneous complex of 1987:, to introduce such a bill following the Union of 1801, fearing 1385: 1039:

The long-standing traditional view is that the Celtic language,

821: 613:

in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the

541: 19340: 18986: 18871: 18771: 18586: 18373: 18155:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

18075: 18050: 18014: 18008: 17921: 17844: 17770: 17689: 17191: 16680: 16625: 16180: 16173: 16018: 15951: 15810: 14297:"Northern Ireland Energy Holdings – Frequently Asked Questions" 13080:. Dublin: Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. Archived from 10342:. Inland Waterways Association of Ireland. 2014. Archived from 9978: 8273:

Jaski, Bart (2005). "Kings and kingship". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

6534:

and Book of Kells. The west and south west, which includes the

6115: 6040: 6031: 6027: 5926: 5630:

and 2016. Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the

5419: 5297: 5261: 5132: 4592: 4285: 4205: 4138: 4085: 4022: 3969: 3650: 3538: 3416: 2993: 2925: 2457: 2225: 1959:

in a surprise result and despite being unable to take his seat

1790:

In 1798, members of the Protestant Dissenter tradition (mainly

1487: 1410: 1338: 1330: 1216:, administered by a professional class of jurists known as the 1178: 1174: 1058: 971: 944: 795: 673: 498: 474: 436: 365: 256: 112: 19:

This article is about the island. For the sovereign state, see

14042:. National Tourism Development Authority. 2006. Archived from 12733: 12731: 12729: 7786:"Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History" 7427: 5812:

won two medals at 5,000 metres on the track; gold at the 1995

4792:. Other notable 18th-century writers of Irish origin included 2613:

Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a local

18847: 18776: 17475: 17281: 17226: 17119: 16713: 16655: 16645: 16603: 16553: 16230: 15800: 13110:. R&A Championships Ltd. 16 December 2009. Archived from 10820:"Ireland now has the 'second-smallest' forest area in Europe" 10548:"Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea" 6137: 6133: 6003: 5975: 5974:

were more common than beef, and thick fatty strips of salted

5930: 5794: 5662: 4857:

and his life is celebrated annually on 16 June in Dublin as "

4649: 4304: 3658: 3487: 3408: 2917: 2863: 2552:, who is appointed by the president on the nomination of the 1897: 1245: 1105: 1101: 1066: 1044: 1040: 940: 915:, where a flint knife, cattle bones and a sheep's tooth were 621:), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and 14391:. Hibernian Wind Power Ltd. 27 February 2004. Archived from 10746:

Irish Biogeographic Society Occasional Publications Number 2

8132:

Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation

7988: 7944:. Dublin: Irish Government Stationery Office. Archived from 7835:. Oxbow Books and Celtic Studies Publications. p. 384. 5868:, and the first European to win that tournament since 1970. 2573:

period, was brought to an end in 2008 with an unprecedented

1112:

The earliest written records of Ireland come from classical

18766: 17734: 17271: 17251: 17186: 17019: 14187:. Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO). Archived from 12726: 12619: 9468:

Gwynn, Stephen (January 1934). "Ireland Since the Treaty".

6960:"Population at Each Census by Sex and County, 1841 to 2022" 6674: 6431:

Salient events in the economic history of Ireland include:

6083: 6048: 6015: 5731:

Amateur boxing on the island of Ireland is governed by the

5552: 5028: 4088:, with 14,590 is the seat of the Church of Ireland and the 3514:, Ireland belongs to the Atlantic European province of the 3345: 2242: 1287: 1208:. The concept did not become a political reality until the 1096: 975: 955: 791: 762:, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through 504: 13873:

Freedom and Trade: Free trade and its reception, 1815–1960

12721:

let the record state: eight quarter-finals, eight defeats.

11704:"Belfast Gaeltacht inspired Irish speakers all over North" 11452:"Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland" 10939: 10522:

Shannon, Pat; Haughton, P. D. W.; Corcoran, D. V. (2001).

9570: 9053:

Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500–1920

7828: 7318:"Brexit Questions and Answers | Northern Ireland Assembly" 6713:

facility is the only power-storage facility in the state.

4823:

In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the

4119:), is entitled by law to continue to use the description. 2577:

and an economic depression in 2009. According to the 2024

1723: 1085: 15918: 14583:

The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland

12588:"Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland" 10785: 9981:"Independent International Commission on Decommissioning" 8739:

Adrian IV, the English Pope, 1154–1159: Studies and Texts

8261:

A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland

6550:

in County Galway, are also popular tourist destinations.

4904:, one of the most significant writers of the 20th century 3396: 2581:, Ireland is the 2nd most peaceful country in the world. 2072:

further due to the ongoing war in Europe, as well as the

2002:

and others campaigned for autonomy within the Union, or "

1947:

The 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern

14123:"Luxury hotels included in "significant buildings" list" 13688:. National Competitiveness Council. 2006. Archived from 12593:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 12501:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 11012:. Environment and Heritage Service. 2007. Archived from 10961:

Minchin, D. (2001). "Biodiversity and Marine Invaders".

10653:"Sub-zero temperatures make 2010 a record-breaking year" 7161:

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2022).

5755:(where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 5260:, is the person whom the absolute temperature unit, the 2980:

with few extremes. The climate is typically insular and

1700:, and the victory of the forces of the dual monarchy of 15347:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

14655:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970-2000

12958:"Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry" 12647:"For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground" 11294: 10521: 9824: 9670:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970–2000

9629:

The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries

9447:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 719–748. 9386:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 478–530. 9358:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 376–400. 6039:

foods can be found throughout the country, for example

3364:) is native to the island. Extinct species include the 1885:

in London, though resistance remained, as evidenced by

14064: 12102: 10524:

The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins

9979:

Nieminen, Tauno; de Chastelain, John; Andrew D. Sens.

9634:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

9323:"Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt" 8772:. New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education. 1998. 8416:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7036:"Population Usually Resident and Present in the State" 6900:

Neilson, Brigitte; Costello, Mark J. (22 April 1999).

1620:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1253:

in contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, where the

17467: 14894: 13915:

Sixty Points Against Home Rule: A "modern-eye"-opener

10279:

British and Irish Isles or simply Britain and Ireland

7264:"Ireland's native woodlands are quietly disappearing" 5962:, an example of the resurgence in Irish cheese making 5610:. The Republic qualified for the World Cup finals in 5186:

and the discovery of the approximate location of the

4880:

and Seamus Heaney and Irish-language writers such as

4615:). In broad terms, Ireland is regarded as one of the 3502:

Because of its mild climate, many species, including

2858:. Across southeast Ulster and extending southwest to 2782:

is sometimes used as a neutral term for the islands.

708:, and was extended during the 18th century. With the 528: 507: 17853: 15077:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

14267:"Bord Gáis Marks Completion of South-North Pipeline" 13714: 13712: 13710: 12622:. Croke Park Stadium / Gaelic Athletic Association. 12366:"Five Irish Scientists Who Put Chemistry on the Map" 12022:(Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing, 2004), 10438:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 2007. Archived from 10219: 9290:"1841: A window on Victorian Britain – This Britain" 7652: 7650: 6556:, built during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries in 6256: 5804:

Irish athletics is an all-Ireland sport governed by

5292:

and was nominated for a Nobel prize. The astronomer

5093:. Contemporary Irish visual artists of note include 2450:

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

1983:

had opposed the plan of the earlier Prime Minister,

1518:. When Henry's successor died unexpectedly in 1199, 1491:

Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the

835: 510: 501: 14155:"Dromoland Castle Hotel is a dreamland for golfers" 13521: 13277: 13104:"Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition" 12274:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 – Presentation Speech" 10923:. National Museums Northern Ireland. Archived from 10460: 9870:. Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. 1978. 9528: 9526: 9377: 9375: 8931:"A Short History of Ireland: The Curse of Cromwell" 8683:, Colmán N. (2005). "Papacy". In Seán Duffy (ed.). 7140:Central Statistics Office, Ireland (23 June 2022). 6619:with enough power. In the Republic of Ireland, the 5501:

2005 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

5356:, born in Ireland and most known for her work with 4549:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2641:is a cabinet-level post in the British government. 1971:through Parliament, aided by future prime minister 676:raids and settlement took place culminating in the 672:. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD 495: 14624: 14538:Environmental Institute, University College Dublin 14531: 14299:. Northern Ireland Energy Holdings. Archived from 13522:Blocker, Jack; Fahey, David; Tyrrell, Ian (2003). 13499:. Public Radio International (PRI). Archived from 13248: 13246: 13244: 13242: 13240: 13238: 10712:"Balmy start to November sees record temperatures" 9932:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–100. 9407: 9405: 9403: 8867: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7355:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 750. 6495:Some of the most visited sites in Ireland include 5872:, at the age of 22, won the 2011 U.S. Open, while 5547:(FAI). Despite being initially blacklisted by the 5119:The Republic of Ireland's national theatre is the 3274:Unlike Great Britain which had a land bridge with 1865:that, with effect from 1 January 1801, merged the 1409:knights, with an army of about 600 men, landed at 663:had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was 15440:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 14775:Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story 14586:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co. p. 768. 14554: 13707: 12821:"RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold" 12564:. Derry/Londonderry: Nerve Centre. 14 July 2008. 11317: 11144: 11142: 10945: 10744:Biogeography of Ireland: past, present and future 10736: 10039:"Country Comparison: GDP – per capita (PPP)" 9902:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 33–56. 9697:"Ireland's Economy Suffered Record Slump in 2009" 9046: 9044: 8446:. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 9, 87, 117. 8413:Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity 7718: 7716: 7647: 7423: 7421: 7142:"Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results" 7131: 7129: 6742:wrote 50,000, T. N. Burke said 80,000 to 100,000. 4853:is considered one of the most important works of 4773:continue to produce scores of titles every year. 4080:. Dublin, with over one million residents in the 3232:Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high) 2934:is ongoing following the first major find at the 1900:industry, Ireland was largely passed over by the 19432: 14816: 12679:. Football Association of Ireland. 5 June 2009. 12052:Buckley, Ann: "Medieval Ireland, Music in", in: 12008:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 10233:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 9523: 9372: 9050: 9007: 9005: 9003: 8630:A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 7012:. Central Statistics Office. 25 September 2023. 7010:"Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023" 6817:"Beyond the boundaries in the island of Ireland" 6750: 6748: 6515:. Historically important monastic sites include 6051:, a doughy white bread particular to Waterford. 4619:of Europe, alongside Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, 2897:, is an area of substantially deformed, lightly 1775:"The Camp on Vinegar Hill" - an illustration by 734:civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s 16286:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 14742:A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s 13722:. Central Statistics Office. 27 February 2020. 13438:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 13282:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. 13235: 12550: 12003: 11766: 11680:John Walsh; Bernadette OʼRourke; Hugh Rowland, 11515: 9577:. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 9400: 9074: 9072: 8957:"Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery" 8904: 8900: 8898: 7381: 6899: 6174:International Financial Services Centre, Dublin 5480:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 4820:, noted for his epigrams, was born in Ireland. 2992:, in the south, records the least snow whereas 2878:province of Scotland. Further south, along the 1360: 1047:from mainland Europe. This theory draws on the 14532:Dennison, Gabriel; Ni Fhloinn, Baibre (1994). 14487: 13844:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13818:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13403: 13280:The History and Social Influence of the Potato 12923: 12859:"Katie Taylor wins World Boxing Championships" 12240:Understanding Science: Famous Irish Scientists 12224: 11900:"Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999" 11580: 11139: 10372:. Geological Survey of Ireland. Archived from 10248: 9780:. In Gallagher, Tom; O'Connell, James (eds.). 9445:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9384:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9356:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9175:Culture and Capitalism in Contemporary Ireland 9172: 9041: 8714:Henry II: A Medieval Soldier at War, 1147–1189 8621: 7713: 7418: 7205:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine 7144:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office, Ireland. 7126: 5751:secured bronze in those games and gold in the 4757:and others. Irish-language publishers such as 2687:Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission 2340:and discrimination in housing and employment. 2319:"using all means which may be found necessary" 2199:the state was declared, officially, to be the 981: 724:in the early 20th century was followed by the 18730: 17431: 16538: 14920: 14800: 14693: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14024: 13912:Battersby, Thomas Stephenson Francis (1912). 13745: 13743: 13741: 13257:. Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408. 13252: 12926:Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund 12620:"Croke Park. Not just a venue. A destination" 12296: 12103:O'Kelly, Michael J.; O'Kelly, Claire (1982). 12060:and Barra Boydell (Dublin: UCD Press, 2013), 11489:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 156. 10328:. Dublin: Allen Figgis & Co. p. 240. 10045:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 9882:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9856:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9177:. Hampshire, UK: Avebury Press. p. 119. 9140:. Oxford University Press. pp. 314–330. 9051:Clarkson, Leslie; Crawford, Margaret (2001). 9000: 8596: 8263:, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234. 8203:"Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding" 7530: 6745: 6118:) is probably the best-known Irish cocktail. 3380:. Some previously extinct birds, such as the 2976:. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable 2665:jurisdiction. The implementation bodies are: 2250:easier still by generous incentives from the 1955:. He was elected as Member of Parliament for 17419: 14853: 14817:Woodcock, N. H.; Strachan, Robin A. (2000). 14745:. Manchester University Press. p. 246. 13620:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 13614: 13612: 13552:"Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck" 13545: 13543: 12431:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12305:"William Thomson: king of Victorian physics" 11928:The Oxford Companion to the English Language 11589:"Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End" 11031: 10963:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10948:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10485: 10295:"FAQ: What is the longest river in Ireland?" 10289: 10287: 10128: 9069: 8895: 7965:The Question of the Celticization of Ireland 7692: 6347: 6114:of coffee and whiskey reputedly invented at 6082:Irish whiskey, as researched in 2009 by the 5288:and a paper concerning the discovery of the 3901: 3298:, are very common, whereas others, like the 2750:. It is separated from Great Britain by the 2528:(the Dáil), a house of representatives, and 2462:referendum on EU membership was held in 2016 2010:were formed in 1913 under the leadership of 1165:referred to Ireland by this name too in its 700:was designed to materially disadvantage the 19193:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 17479: 17443: 15049:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14771: 14734: 14237:"Interconnection: East-West Interconnector" 14185:"About SEMO: The Single Electricity Market" 13842:"Cost of living in the Republic of Ireland" 13778: 13776: 13490: 13465: 12866: 12828: 12745:. European Club Rugby. 2014. Archived from 12206:. Working and Living Publications. p. 12146: 11876:. Central Statistics Office. Archived from 11848:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. 11814: 11129: 11108: 10954: 10709: 10677: 10623: 10608: 10587: 10069:"Human Development Report 2015: Table A1.1" 9926: 9896: 9018: 9012: 8678: 8409: 8277:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 251–254 . 8254: 8246: 7829:John T. Koch; Barry Cunliffe, eds. (2010). 7566: 7485: 7483: 7300: 6477: 6445:occasioned depopulation and mass emigration 5124: 5003: 4889: 4881: 4866: 4766: 4758: 4750: 4742: 4719: 4707: 4699: 4527: 4521: 4513: 4502: 3830: 3822: 3814: 3806: 3798: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3734: 3726: 3718: 3710: 3702: 3694: 3688: 3680: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3600: 3592: 3223: 2778:in relation to Ireland, the alternate term 2706:North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association 2553: 2545: 2529: 2521: 2482: 2432:Political entities on the island of Ireland 2092: 2083:, received overwhelming endorsement in the 1979:to sign the Bill and proclaim it into law. 1875:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1857:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1850: 1057:were said to be the first, followed by the 920: 811: 563: 62: 46: 18903:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 18737: 18723: 17455: 16552: 16545: 16531: 16472:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 14927: 14913: 14457: 14021: 13738: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13645: 13404:Davenport, Fionn; Smith, Jonathan (2006). 12428:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 11482: 11367: 11148: 10921:Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland 10786:M Lehane; O Le Bolloch; P Crawley (eds.). 10572: 10227:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" 10076:Human Development Index and its components 9694: 9235:. University of Houston. 7 November 2008. 9137:Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939 9027:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. 8716:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 239. 8697:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8687:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 361–362. 8287:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8200: 8128: 7346: 7279:, 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7259: 7257: 7231: 7229: 5901:has hosted European championship surfing. 5753:2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships 5551:' associations, the FAI was recognised by 4187: 4176: 4143: 4132: 4005:Traditionally, Ireland is subdivided into 3384:, have been reintroduced after decades of 2694:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 2655: 2629:Ultimately political power is held by the 1510:which Henry conferred on his younger son, 98: 83: 23:. For the part of the United Kingdom, see 14820:Geological History of Britain and Ireland 14482:Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006 13918:. Unionist assoc. of Ireland. p. 7. 13911: 13609: 13576: 13540: 13434: 13372: 13341: 13326: 13219:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13193:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 12984:"Loughnane claims silver medal in Berlin" 12302: 11918: 11619:"Head-to-Head: The Irish Language Debate" 11376:"Has Australia forgotten its Irish past?" 11287: 11073:Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) 10526:. London: Geological Society. p. 2. 10284: 10129:Ritchie, Heather; Ellis, Geraint (2009). 10013:"Queen and Martin McGuinness shake hands" 9536:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (July 2002), pp. 695–717 9202:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 9105:"Ireland AD 1750–1900 The Industrial Age" 8563: 8218: 8016: 7351:. In Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert (eds.). 7251:, 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7192: 7190: 7188: 7186: 6840: 6776: 6774: 6673:Ireland has an ancient industry based on 5864:became the first Irish golfer to win the 5221:, is best known for his invention of the 1600: 1548:for, the English church at the time, the 259:, pop. 1,458,154 Metropolitan Area (2022) 16291:Association football in Northern Ireland 14458:Becker, Annette; Wang, Wilfried (1997). 13773: 13526:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 653. 13524:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History 13299:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 12960:. The Curragh Racecourse. Archived from 12644: 12490: 12488: 12400:World Intellectual Property Organization 12077: 11924: 11701: 11683:Research Report on New Speakers of Irish 11524:"Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader" 11446: 11373: 11208: 11181: 10749: 9606:. Chippenham, UK: Ashgate. p. 234. 9574:Irish Society: Sociological Perspectives 9502: 9217:. Oxon: Taylor and Francis. p. 152. 9197: 9055:. Oxford University Press. p. 274. 8564:Chrisafis, Angelique (25 January 2005). 8541:. Ancestry Publishing. 6 December 1998. 8468: 8201:Darcy, R.; Flynn, William (March 2008). 7862: 7777: 7697:. Office of Public Works. Archived from 7538:"Earliest evidence of humans in Ireland" 7480: 6660: 6146:(marketed in the Republic of Ireland as 6053: 5954: 5785: 5565: 5516:All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5487: 5484:Association football in Northern Ireland 5162: 4982:traditional music led by groups such as 4896: 4670: 4591: 4443: 3578: 3533: 3529: 3522:. The island can be subdivided into two 3465: 3317: 3257: 2846:. In the west, around County Galway and 2830: 2721: 2594: 2477: 2427: 2401:First Minister and deputy First Minister 2303: 2170: 2149:and those opposed to the treaty, led by 2044: 1975:, Wellington prevailed upon a reluctant 1906: 1770: 1722: 1610: 1486: 1384: 1357:, as well as other smaller settlements. 1263: 1095: 1013: 874:was less than 50m lower resulting in an 15487:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 13866: 13642: 13068: 12534:. Finfacts Multimedia. 4 January 2006. 12230: 12199: 11843: 11730: 11647: 11641: 10960: 9601: 9564: 9545: 9411: 9287: 9133: 8981: 8652: 8410:Dowley, Tim; et al., eds. (1977). 8352: 8301: 8113: 8070: 7961: 7934: 7795:. 9 (Acta Palaeohispanica X): 339–351. 7428:Andrew Cooper & D. Jackson (2006). 7254: 7226: 6810: 6808: 6420:also contributed to repeated phases of 5520:All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 3571:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 2079:The pro-independence republican party, 1326:and exerting much influence in Europe. 1086:Late antiquity and early medieval times 291:, pop. 671,559 Metropolitan Area (2011) 196:84,421 km (32,595 sq mi) 19433: 17396: 14619: 14561:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 14488:Collins, Neil; Cradden, Terry (2001). 14452:The making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923 14421: 13720:"County Incomes and Regional GDP 2018" 13583:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 348. 13292: 13158: 12875:from the original on 23 September 2012 12701: 12346:from the original on 24 September 2015 12271: 11945: 11807:"Where are Ireland's Gaeltacht areas?" 11738:"Press Statement: Census 2011 Results" 11521: 11503:from the original on 29 September 2013 11190:from the original on 19 September 2016 11149:McKittrick, David (19 December 2002). 10323: 10305:from the original on 29 September 2015 9922: 9892: 9769: 9757:from the original on 23 September 2015 9424:from the original on 25 September 2022 9200:Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic 9173:Keating, Paul; Desmond, Derry (1993). 8959:. University of Minnesota Law School. 8862: 8736: 8711: 8627: 8603:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8600:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History 8436: 8384: 8380: 8378: 7877: 7867:. The Prehistoric Society. p. 61. 7628: 7183: 7016:from the original on 25 September 2023 6771: 4520:, are in linguistic decline. The main 2679:Special European Union Programmes Body 2467: 2395:drawn from the major parties in a new 2356:population. In 1969, the paramilitary 1785:History of the Irish rebellion in 1798 855: 568: 18718: 18628: 18520: 18299: 18101: 17533: 17313: 16964: 16601: 16526: 15756: 15546: 15367: 14973: 14908: 14579: 14346: 14331:, pp. 22, 24, 26, archived from 14247:from the original on 22 February 2020 13985:from the original on 1 September 2015 13597:from the original on 4 September 2015 13348:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing. p. 13171:from the original on 21 December 2013 13134:"In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA" 12839:from the original on 20 December 2013 12657:from the original on 11 November 2012 12645:Moynihan, Michael (6 February 2007). 12485: 12406:from the original on 2 September 2021 12253:from the original on 4 September 2015 12231:Reville, William (14 December 2000). 12106:Newgrange: Archaeology Art and Legend 12054:The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland 11825:from the original on 7 September 2015 11662:from the original on 16 February 2018 11599:from the original on 6 September 2013 11586: 11413: 11097: 11079:from the original on 15 December 2017 11049:from the original on 22 December 2009 10874:from the original on 4 September 2015 10742:Costello, M.J. and Kelly, K.S., 1993 10650: 9960:from the original on 17 December 2008 9775: 9511:from the original on 17 December 2008 9467: 9320: 9269:from the original on 28 December 2019 9239:from the original on 23 February 2013 9212: 8712:Hosler, John D.; et al. (2007). 8497: 8329: 8272: 7886:from the original on 27 November 2020 7880:"The Arrival of the Celts in Ireland" 7722: 7567:Roseingrave, Louise (18 April 2021). 7512:"The moment Britain became an island" 6821:Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 6815:Royle, Stephen A. (1 December 2012). 6814: 6669:by the road to Leenane, County Galway 6193: 6098:whiskies. Whiskey forms the basis of 5229:and he discovered an early method of 5217:, professor of natural philosophy in 5174:The Irish philosopher and theologian 4843:. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, 4427:The Republic of Ireland in particular 4398:List of metropolitan areas in Ireland 4072:City status in Ireland is decided by 3338:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 2584: 2512:whose role is mostly ceremonial. The 1564:From the mid-14th century, after the 1232:arrived in Ireland on a mission from 694:colonisation by settlers from Britain 635:second-most populous island in Europe 545: 18908:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 14841:from the original on 5 February 2021 14721:from the original on 5 February 2021 14670: 14600:from the original on 5 February 2021 14555:Dooney, Sean; O'Toole, John (1992). 14366:from the original on 28 October 2014 14165:from the original on 22 October 2013 13816:"Cost of living in Northern Ireland" 13784:"Overview of Northern Ireland Trade" 13726:from the original on 8 December 2020 13630:from the original on 5 February 2023 13558:from the original on 10 October 2013 13549: 13466:Leavy, Brian; Wilson, David (1994). 13140:from the original on 2 November 2012 12801:from the original on 8 November 2015 12775:from the original on 24 October 2016 12568:from the original on 16 October 2011 12538:from the original on 2 November 2019 12453:from the original on 22 October 2023 12424: 12376:from the original on 29 January 2017 12280:. Alfred Nobel Memorial Foundation. 12123:from the original on 7 December 2022 11981:. James Joyce Centre. Archived from 11787:from the original on 21 October 2012 11522:Seaver, Michael (5 September 2007). 11483:Tovey, Hilary; Share, Perry (2003). 11386:from the original on 31 January 2019 11275:from the original on 23 October 2010 11245:from the original on 11 January 2010 11010:Northern Ireland Species Action Plan 10832:from the original on 10 January 2014 10596:from the original on 9 February 2010 10515: 10473:from the original on 18 October 2009 10412:from the original on 28 October 2008 10268:from the original on 21 January 2014 10145:from the original on 5 February 2011 10080:United Nations Development Programme 9650:from the original on 5 February 2021 9154:from the original on 6 February 2021 9111:. The British Museum. Archived from 9078: 8963:from the original on 25 January 2010 8844:from the original on 29 October 2020 8797: 8535:"Ireland's History in Maps (800 AD)" 8450:from the original on 5 February 2021 8342:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8233:Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: 8149: 8118:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 7783: 7745: 7610:from the original on 19 October 2017 7597: 7369:from the original on 5 February 2021 7214:from the original on 20 October 2019 7114:from the original on 1 December 2015 7108:United Nations Environment Programme 7090: 7078:from the original on 5 December 2022 6990:from the original on 7 November 2017 6906:Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 6881:from the original on 3 December 2020 6805: 6738:Numbers vary, from a low of 12,000. 6047:in Cork, both a type of sausage, or 5108: 4103:in 1994 (having lost that status in 2813:in the north-west and flows through 2215:clandestine assistance to the Allies 1436:, France, following a war involving 18521: 14854:Wallis, Geoff; Wilson, Sue (2001). 14534:Traditional Architecture in Ireland 14528:(Cambridge University Press, 2016). 14005:Mount Stewart's world-class gardens 13955:from the original on 23 August 2015 13761:from the original on 15 August 2017 13491:O'Clery, Conor (25 February 2009). 13253:Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (2006). 12994:from the original on 16 August 2021 12905:from the original on 11 August 2021 12702:Aylwin, Michael (14 October 2023). 12683:from the original on 2 October 2017 12626:from the original on 1 October 2007 12303:McCartney, Mark (1 December 2002). 11906:from the original on 8 January 2011 11772: 11556:"24% of boom births to 'new Irish'" 11335:from the original on 20 August 2023 11305:from the original on 25 August 2021 11241:. Association of British Counties. 11182:Counihan, Patrick (30 March 2012). 10914: 10019:from the original on 20 August 2021 9848:from the original on 4 January 2012 9834:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 9831:Fair Employment in Northern Ireland 9729:"Measuring Ireland's Progress 2011" 9695:Pogatchnik, Shawn (25 March 2010). 9442: 9381: 9353: 9259:"Effects of the Famine: Emigration" 8741:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 149. 8653:Edwards, Ruth; et al. (2005). 8632:. New York: Routledge. p. 49. 8578:from the original on 29 August 2013 8403: 8375: 8240: 8135:. Dublin: J. Duffy and Co. p. 8052:from the original on 22 August 2015 7406:from the original on 5 October 2022 6456: 6396: 6308:Northern Ireland Purchases/Imports 5665:and at least three compete for the 5131:, which was established in 1928 in 4861:". A comparable writer in Irish is 4065:. Counties in Northern Ireland are 2650:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2544:is headed by a prime minister, the 2360:, which favoured the creation of a 2295:Belfast suffered four bombing raids 2274: 2021:, whose aim was to ensure that the 1444:, and sought the assistance of the 1204:, with a ceremonial capital at the 13: 15516:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 15291:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 15089:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 14934: 14759:from the original on 16 April 2021 14512:from the original on 1 August 2020 14460:20th-century Architecture: Ireland 13663:from the original on 25 April 2023 13223:from the original on 23 March 2010 13197:from the original on 14 March 2010 12496:"The Social Significance of Sport" 12082:. Basement Press. pp. 26–30. 11959:from the original on 16 April 2012 11648:Ó Broin, Brian (16 January 2010). 11428:from the original on 13 April 2016 11271:. Northern Ireland Tourist Board. 10432:"Geology of Kerry-Cork – Sheet 21" 9993:from the original on 11 March 2011 9548:Ireland in the War Years 1939–1945 9412:Morough, Michael (December 2000). 9335:from the original on 16 April 2009 8779:from the original on 19 March 2014 8545:from the original on 9 August 2011 7996:American Journal of Human Genetics 7658:"Prehistoric Genocide in Ireland?" 7579:from the original on 22 April 2021 7468:from the original on 18 April 2023 7198:"Forest Statistics – Ireland 2017" 7165:. Belfast: Department of Finance. 6701:) has increased since 2004. Large 6448:1846: Westminster's repeal of the 6357:Monthly Cost of Living Comparison 6164:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 5522:. During the redevelopment of the 4974:of this time belong to emigrants. 4944:) was transmitted orally, but the 4908: 3663:. Later major groups included the 3239: 2996:, in the north, records the most. 2352:to aid the police and protect the 2183:and independence for 26 out of 32 2167:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 2163:History of the Republic of Ireland 2145:between the new government of the 1896:Aside from the development of the 1432:In 1166, Mac Murrough had fled to 16:Island in the North Atlantic Ocean 14: 19467: 18744: 17951:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 15301:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 14878: 14806:Early Irish History and Mythology 14354:"2014 Global Green Economy Index" 14273:. 1 November 2007. Archived from 13550:Berk, Christina (19 March 2009). 13470:. London: Routledge. p. 63. 13410:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 13379:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 12317:from the original on 15 July 2008 11718:from the original on 21 June 2023 11629:from the original on 2 April 2015 11568:from the original on 23 June 2013 11536:from the original on 8 March 2009 11464:from the original on 29 June 2011 11374:McDonald, Ronan (16 March 2015). 11043:Agriculture and Rural Development 10983:from the original on 28 June 2010 10724:from the original on 4 March 2016 10665:from the original on 9 March 2013 10651:Keane, Kevin (28 December 2010). 10089:from the original on 1 March 2017 9954:"Turning the pages on lost lives" 9505:"Irish who fought on the beaches" 8814:from the original on 2 April 2015 8770:Irish Famine Curriculum Committee 8685:Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia 8515:from the original on 3 April 2017 8308:The Brehon Laws: A Legal Handbook 8275:Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia 8095:from the original on 27 July 2020 7810:from the original on 23 June 2010 7753:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix" 7548:from the original on 3 April 2017 7328:from the original on 27 July 2023 7148:from the original on 23 June 2022 6940:from the original on 13 July 2021 6780: 6257:Northern Ireland trade comparison 6222:United Kingdom: Northern Ireland 5944: 5733:Irish Athletic Boxing Association 5622:and the European Championship in 5379:in 2023, down from 12th in 2019. 5375:. Ireland was ranked 22nd in the 5014:. Groups and musicians including 2882:coastline, is an area of granite 2762:, which lies between Ireland and 2332:from 1929) was controlled by the 2315:in 1912, declaring opposition to 2091:, setting up its own parliament ( 1760: 728:, leading to the creation of the 18893:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 18701: 17314: 16951: 16506: 15470:Tallest buildings and structures 14884: 14378: 14329:Commission for Energy Regulation 14315: 14289: 14259: 14229: 14203: 14177: 14147: 14115: 14101:Buildings of Ireland Survey Data 14089: 14058: 13997: 13981:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 13967: 13951:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 13937: 13922:from the original on 22 May 2020 13905: 13890:from the original on 22 May 2020 13860: 13834: 13808: 13675: 13570: 13515: 13484: 13459: 13428: 13397: 13366: 13335: 13286: 13271: 13209: 13183: 13152: 13126: 13096: 13062: 13036: 13024:from the original on 29 May 2014 13006: 12976: 12950: 12917: 12887: 12851: 12813: 12787: 12761: 12695: 12669: 12638: 12612: 12580: 12520: 12418: 12388: 12358: 12332: 12284:from the original on 11 May 2012 12265: 12193: 12167: 12155:from the original on 29 May 2014 12135: 12096: 12071: 12046: 12033: 12012: 12004:Higgins Wyndham, Andrew (2006). 11997: 11971: 11892: 11862: 11837: 11799: 11702:McKinney, Seamus (16 May 2020). 11695: 11674: 11611: 11587:Henry, McDonald (5 April 2009). 11548: 11476: 11440: 11407: 11398: 11347: 11257: 11239:Gazetteer of British Place Names 11227: 11202: 11175: 11091: 11061: 10995: 10969: 10908: 10885: 10853:Forestry in the EU and the world 10844: 10812: 10779: 10703: 10644: 10632:from the original on 2 June 2007 10540: 10469:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10454: 10424: 10405:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10388: 10358: 10332: 10317: 10187: 10157: 10122: 10105: 10061: 10031: 10005: 9972: 9946: 9916: 9886: 9874:from the original on 31 May 2011 9860: 9818: 9812:Conflict Archive on the Internet 9802:from the original on 14 May 2011 9721: 9688: 9414:"The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921" 8387:How the Irish Saved Civilization 8336:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7962:Waddell, John (September 1992). 7765:from the original on 9 July 2012 7518:from the original on 7 July 2017 7509: 7169:from the original on 3 July 2017 7046:from the original on 31 May 2023 6974:"Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan" 6703:wind farms have been constructed 6068:prohibition in the United States 5843:became the first Irishman since 4105:local government reforms of 1840 3977: 3961: 3946: 3945: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3575:Demographics of Northern Ireland 2950:" step-out development from the 2874:rocks, with similarities to the 2652:as their court of final appeal. 2489:, the official residence of the 2252:Industrial Development Authority 1930:immigration to the United States 1883:united parliament at Westminster 1750:architectural legacy of Georgian 1559: 1552:, was published in 1216 and the 1405:On 1 May 1169, an expedition of 1367:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1259:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 491: 14414: 14135:from the original on 7 May 2023 13159:McDaid, Brendan (9 June 2004). 12233:"Ireland's Scientific Heritage" 10710:Dan Griffin (2 November 2015). 9675: 9662: 9620: 9595: 9539: 9503:Connolly, Kevin (1 June 2004). 9496: 9461: 9436: 9347: 9321:Quinn, Eamon (19 August 2007). 9314: 9288:Vallely, Paul (25 April 2006). 9281: 9251: 9221: 9206: 9191: 9166: 9127: 9097: 8975: 8949: 8923: 8856: 8826: 8791: 8755: 8730: 8705: 8671: 8646: 8597:Previté-Orton, Charles (1975). 8590: 8557: 8527: 8491: 8462: 8430: 8346: 8330:Moran, Patrick Francis (1913). 8323: 8295: 8266: 8227: 8194: 8182:from the original on 1 May 2023 8143: 8122: 8116:Ireland and the Classical World 8107: 8074:Ireland and the classical world 8064: 8039: 8033: 7982: 7955: 7928: 7919: 7910: 7898: 7871: 7856: 7822: 7686: 7631:Landscapes of Neolithic Ireland 7622: 7606:. Lithics Ireland Consultancy. 7591: 7560: 7503: 7340: 7310: 7282: 7058: 6732: 6468:Tourist destinations in Ireland 6267:Northern Ireland Sales/Exports 6006:, a type of potato pancake, or 5914:and off the County Cork coast. 5767: 5614:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5594:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5573:reaching for the ball during a 5545:Football Association of Ireland 5461: 5340:in 1999 and a record composite 4107:). In the Republic of Ireland, 3978: 3560: 2662:North/South Ministerial Council 2458:left the European Union in 2020 2448:and as a consequence, there is 2156: 1677:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 1329:From the 9th century, waves of 1296:a tradition of Irish missionary 1144:, Ptolemy refers to Ireland as 1032:, close to Gleninchaquin Park, 893:communities around the island. 631:population of the entire island 19336:Northern Ireland Sign Language 15306:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 14856:The Rough Guide to Irish Music 13493:"Whiskey Resists the Downturn" 12396:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 12372:. Science Foundation Ireland. 12342:. BBC News. 19 February 2015. 11775:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11650:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11414:Kliff, Sarah (17 March 2013). 10556:. 17 July 2000. Archived from 8443:Early Christian Art in Ireland 7028: 7002: 6966: 6952: 6893: 6857: 6723: 5645:and a single association, the 5155:are internationally renowned. 4572:Northern Ireland Sign Language 4562:, the language of the nomadic 4472:from the 6th to 10th century, 4126:Cities and towns by population 3962: 3687:. Smaller groups included the 2952:North Sea hydrocarbon province 2842:The island consists of varied 2364:, emerged from a split in the 2291:Government of Ireland Act 1920 1919:by Henry Willard French (1891) 1589:, and under the provisions of 1371:History of Ireland (1169–1536) 841:, referring to flowing water. 736:. This subsided following the 214:7,527 km (4677.1 mi) 1: 18670:Celtic place names in Galicia 18300: 15368: 14772:Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). 14700:Prehistoric and Early Ireland 14131:. Archiseek.ie. 10 May 2009. 13441:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 13342:Albertson, Elizabeth (2009). 12272:Waller, Professor I. (1951). 12203:Working and Living in Ireland 12109:. London: Thames and Hudson. 11529:The Christian Science Monitor 10687:. Met Éireann. Archived from 10195:"Ireland Facts, Ireland Flag" 8223:– via Informaworld.com. 6764: 6729:Including surrounding islands 5883: 5215:Father Nicholas Joseph Callan 4727: 4682: 2683:the North/South Language Body 2496:The Republic of Ireland is a 2271:remaining above 14% in 2012. 2070:Irish republicanism increased 1092:History of Ireland (800–1169) 18102: 16612:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 16371:Northern Ireland flags issue 15547: 15322:List of conflicts in Ireland 15066:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 14425:Irish Art: A Concise History 14065:National Monuments Service. 13255:The Oxford Companion to Food 13136:. RTÉ News. 11 August 2008. 13044:"2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe" 12795:"Six Nations roll of honour" 12558:"Soccer in Northern Ireland" 12020:Prehistoric Music in Ireland 10493:"Ireland: North West Europe" 10461:Karst Working Group (2000). 10396:"Bedrock Geology of Ireland" 9956:. BBC News. 8 October 1999. 9742:. October 2012. p. 36. 8986:. Belfast: White Row Press. 7935:Waddell, John (April 1995). 7500:" Accessed 15 February 2013. 7454:10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.002 7307:. Retrieved 25 November 2017 6617:Northern Ireland Electricity 6527:in the Republic of Ireland. 6150:), is also a popular drink. 5336:and discovered a 2000-digit 4433: 4402: 3254:Trees of Britain and Ireland 2726:Physical features of Ireland 2711: 2110: 2087:, and in 1919 proclaimed an 1752:Ireland was built. In 1782, 1389:Remains of the 12th-century 1361:Norman and English invasions 1228:records that in 431, Bishop 801: 696:. In the 1690s, a system of 7: 17594:Welsh literature in English 17534: 16965: 16691:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 16602: 15757: 15342:Gaelic clothing and fashion 14974: 14810:Medieval Academy of America 14496:Manchester University Press 14324:Gas Capacity Statement 2007 14018:. Retrieved 9 December 2017 13293:Garrow, John (March 2002). 12924:FGS Consulting (May 2009). 11931:. Oxford University Press. 11925:McArthur, Tom, ed. (1992). 9786:Manchester University Press 9546:Carroll, Joseph T. (2002). 9534:Journal of Military History 6740:Giovanni Battista Rinuccini 6658:to refine the gas onshore. 6452:disrupted Irish agriculture 6403:Economic history of Ireland 6190:and boost competitiveness. 6168:Economy of Northern Ireland 5888:The west coast of Ireland, 5508:Gaelic Athletic Association 5395:List of Irish sports people 4588:Culture of Northern Ireland 4558:Also native to Ireland are 4536:in Waterford and in Meath. 4031:six are in Northern Ireland 2671:Food Safety Promotion Board 2423: 2285:Economy of Northern Ireland 2281:History of Northern Ireland 2074:Conscription Crisis of 1918 1991:to be in conflict with the 1815:Battle of Ballymore-Eustace 1468:, issued by an Englishman, 982:Emergence of Celtic Ireland 947:were the principal crops. 896:Some time before 4,000 BC, 742:European Economic Community 222:1,041 m (3415 ft) 10: 19472: 17614:Scottish Gaelic literature 16999:Brigantia (ancient region) 14900:Northern Ireland Executive 14890:Wikimedia Atlas of Ireland 13975:"Ireland: Tentative Lists" 13311:10.1177/014107680209500320 10169:Ordnance Survey of Ireland 10082:(UNDP). 2015. p. 47. 10015:. BBC News. 27 June 2012. 9782:Contemporary Irish Studies 9636:(OECD). 2009. p. 67. 8933:. BBC News. Archived from 8905:O'Callaghan, Sean (2000). 8804:Journal of Liberal History 8657:. Routledge. p. 106. 8475:Cambridge University Press 8152:"Tacitus, Agricola, C. 24" 7489:Edwards, Robin & al. " 7400:National Museum of Ireland 6842:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.005 6607: 6523:, which are maintained as 6465: 6461: 6400: 6372:Cost of living (1 person) 6171: 6161: 6157: 6116:Foynes flying-boat station 5970:For this reason, pork and 5948: 5876:'s latest victory was the 5771: 5743:won a silver medal in the 5724: 5647:Irish Rugby Football Union 5532:Irish Football Association 5465: 5413:All-Ireland Football Final 5407:at 23%, soccer at 16% and 5392: 5386: 5373:Open University in Ireland 5250:Sir John Douglas Cockcroft 5158: 5112: 5062: 4912: 4825:Nobel Prize for Literature 4816:. The playwright and poet 4714:(seventeenth century) and 4686: 4581: 4577: 4437: 4395: 4175: 4131: 3905: 3564: 3551:Common Agricultural Policy 3243: 3231: 3221: 3032: 2965: 2961: 2824: 2820: 2730:Ireland is located in the 2715: 2639:Northern Ireland Secretary 2588: 2471: 2313:Solemn League and Covenant 2278: 2160: 2114: 2053:), Dublin, after the 1916 1854: 1796:Society of United Irishmen 1764: 1665:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1632:was re-created in 1542 by 1604: 1378: 1364: 1089: 859: 848: 844: 836: 330:82.2/km (212.9/sq mi) 18: 19353: 19318: 19280: 19242: 19219: 19212: 19205: 19153: 19095: 19079: 19064: 19007: 18932: 18925: 18885: 18857: 18814: 18807: 18752: 18692: 18635: 18629: 18624: 18562: 18533: 18516: 18479: 18401: 18392: 18364: 18336: 18308: 18295: 18248: 18213: 18187: 18108: 18097: 17984: 17961:Hebridean Celtic Festival 17898: 17800: 17779: 17748: 17663: 17622: 17589:Welsh-language literature 17544: 17540: 17529: 17491: 17405: 17322: 17309: 17179: 17138: 17077: 16973: 16960: 16949: 16786: 16755: 16689: 16610: 16597: 16564: 16502: 16401: 16339: 16276: 16216: 16129: 16077: 16032: 15999: 15944: 15909: 15859: 15778: 15769: 15765: 15752: 15687: 15590: 15559: 15555: 15542: 15452: 15380: 15376: 15363: 15314: 15102: 14986: 14982: 14969: 14945: 14627:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 14580:Ellis, Steven G. (1921). 13577:Davenport, Fionn (2010). 13435:McCormack, W. J. (2001). 13373:Davenport, Fionn (2008). 13161:"Shipwrecks ahoy in area" 13078:arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie 12771:. BBC News. 20 May 2006. 12425:WIPO (12 December 2023). 12200:Houston, Eugenie (2001). 12177:. Fodor's. Archived from 11955:. BBC News. 23 May 2009. 11844:Spolsky, Bernard (2004). 11380:The Sydney Morning Herald 11299:Central Statistics Office 11269:Discover Northern Ireland 10757:"Land cover and land use" 10113:"2024 Global Peace Index" 9740:Central Statistics Office 9229:"The Irish Potato Famine" 8874:. Penguin Books. p. 8655:An Atlas of Irish History 8469:Bartlett, Thomas (2010). 8253:, "Ireland, 400–800", in 8220:10.1080/00750770801909375 8190:– via uchicago.edu. 8079:University of Texas Press 7938:Ireland in the Bronze Age 7347:Ní Mhurchú, Síle (2017). 7103:UN System-Wide Earthwatch 7040:Central Statistics Office 6756:Belfast metropolitan area 6603: 6418:multiple failed uprisings 6366: 6363: 6361: 6348:Cost of living comparison 6317: 6314: 6312: 6276: 6273: 6271: 5720: 5634:and, to a lesser extent, 5382: 5369:University College Dublin 5290:Bell-Jackiw-Adler anomaly 5027:the work of artists like 5004: 4890: 4882: 4808:, and (in collaboration) 4798:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 4767: 4759: 4751: 4743: 4720: 4708: 4700: 4465:languages, respectively. 4124: 3902:Divisions and settlements 3270:) in Gubbeen, County Cork 3151: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3033:Climate data for Ireland 2889:In the southwest, around 2854:affinity, similar to the 2608:Northern Ireland Assembly 2558:. Its capital is Dublin. 2554: 2546: 2530: 2522: 2444:and both are part of the 2397:Northern Ireland Assembly 1646:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1381:Bruce campaign in Ireland 1375:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1194:Medieval Irish literature 446: 423: 418: 373: 334: 326: 316: 312:7,185,600 (2023 estimate) 308: 300: 295: 284: 272: 263: 252: 241: 236: 226: 218: 210: 200: 192: 182: 172: 135: 127: 122: 97: 82: 41: 19178:Kingdom of Great Britain 18394:Ancient Celtic languages 14664:30 November 2018 at the 14010:10 December 2017 at the 13217:"Sea Fishing in Ireland" 12769:"Munster 23–19 Biarritz" 12677:"FAI History: 1921–1930" 12562:Culture Northern Ireland 12043:28.2 (May 2000), p. 193. 11953:"Tionchar na gCeilteach" 11213:. Irish Academic Press. 11159:. London. Archived from 10979:. Clare County Council. 10761:Environmental Assessment 10685:"Irish Weather Extremes" 10340:"Landscape of the River" 10326:Encyclopaedia of Ireland 9298:. London. Archived from 9134:Ó Gráda, Cormac (1994). 8156:Journal of Roman Studies 8114:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8071:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8042:"Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)" 7971:. Emania. Archived from 7863:Cunliffe, Barry (2008). 7629:Cooney, Gabriel (2000). 7269:16 February 2019 at the 6716: 6656:a controversial decision 6636:Gormanston, County Meath 6060:Old Bushmills Distillery 5707:Six Nations Championship 5641:Ireland fields a single 5352:as one of his students. 5314:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 5205:19th-century physicist, 5176:Johannes Scotus Eriugena 4722:Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill 4702:Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh 3510:, are grown in Ireland. 2520:parliament, composed of 2508:and a popularly elected 2175:Annotated page from the 2105:three-year guerrilla war 2085:general election of 1918 1871:Kingdom of Great Britain 1851:Union with Great Britain 1781:William Hamilton Maxwell 1622:Ghent University Library 1534:Great Charter of Ireland 1290:by the Irish monk Saint 1272:showing Christ enthroned 1225:The Chronicle of Ireland 1150:and to Great Britain as 712:in 1801, Ireland became 704:majority and Protestant 646:several navigable rivers 29:Ireland (disambiguation) 18665:Gaulish words in French 18650:Celtic words in English 16909:Scottish New Zealanders 16799:Anglo-Celtic Australian 16463:Prostitution (Republic) 14705:Oxford University Press 13757:. European Commission. 13468:Strategy and Leadership 12868:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12831:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12328:(subscription required) 12244:University College Cork 12143:"Stair na Taibhdheirce" 11209:Crawford, John (1993). 11069:"Climate Change Causes" 11045:. European Commission. 10903:Tree Council of Ireland 10324:Meally, Victor (1968). 10299:Ordnance Survey Ireland 9826:Northern Ireland Office 9602:Schmied, Doris (2005). 9198:Jacobsen, John (1994). 8982:Dickson, David (1997). 8909:. Brandon. p. 85. 8737:Bolton, Brenda (2003). 8628:Curtis, Edmund (2002). 8503:"Vikings & Ireland" 7729:Oxford University Press 6627:has started building a 6383:Average wage after tax 5921:, Ireland is a popular 5801:in the County Kildare. 5774:Horse racing in Ireland 5757:2010 Commonwealth Games 5745:Barcelona Olympic Games 5476:Rugby league in Ireland 5377:Global Innovation Index 5272:George Johnstone Stoney 5180:Ernest Henry Shackleton 5170:formulated Boyle's Law. 5075:illuminated manuscripts 5069:Architecture of Ireland 4666: 4659:Since the 20th century 4639:traditional Irish music 4611:and aspects of broader 4063:Ordnance Survey Ireland 4027:32 traditional counties 3541:harvesting in Clonard, 3461:Killarney National Park 3331:Killarney National Park 2932:Hydrocarbon exploration 2656:All-island institutions 2567:Human Development Index 2498:parliamentary democracy 2196:political circumstances 2137:were required to swear 2000:Charles Stewart Parnell 1891:Irish Rebellion of 1803 1767:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1278:manuscript illumination 1240:, Ireland's best known 989:Indo-European languages 758:. Alongside mainstream 726:partition of the island 698:Protestant English rule 625:, which is part of the 581:. It is separated from 564: 63: 17599:Early Irish literature 17480: 17468: 17456: 17444: 17432: 17420: 16889:Scotch-Irish Canadians 16884:Scotch-Irish Americans 15332:List of Irish kingdoms 14735: 14671:Herm, Gerhard (2002). 14621:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 14558:Irish Government Today 14422:Arnold, Bruce (1977). 14097:"Ashford Castle, Cong" 12867: 12829: 12246:, Faculty of Science. 12147: 12078:Geraghty, Des (1994). 11815: 11486:A Sociology of Ireland 11360:18 August 2016 at the 11130: 11109: 10624: 10588: 10256:"Guardian Style Guide" 10099:Jewish Virtual Library 9927: 9923:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9897: 9893:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9702:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 9079:Ward, Alan J. (1994). 9025:The Great Irish Famine 9019: 9013: 8864:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 8679: 8353:De Paor, Liam (1993). 8255: 8247: 7878:Burton, Holly (1979). 7301: 6926:10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 6783:"Geography of Ireland" 6670: 6478: 6437:Plantations of Ireland 6090:, but not as sweet as 6063: 5963: 5878:2011 Open Championship 5797: 5582: 5524:Lansdowne Road stadium 5503: 5472:Rugby union in Ireland 5365:Trinity College Dublin 5302:William Rowan Hamilton 5284:was the originator of 5264:, is named after. Sir 5256:. William Thomson, or 5246:Nobel Prize in Physics 5171: 5135:. Playwrights such as 5125: 5058: 4954:St Patrick's Cathedral 4936:) and sleeping music ( 4905: 4867: 4814:Violet Florence Martin 4718:(eighteenth century). 4706:(fourteenth century), 4679: 4675:Illuminated page from 4600: 4528: 4522: 4514: 4503: 4449: 4093:Primate of All Ireland 3916:City status in Ireland 3831: 3823: 3815: 3807: 3799: 3791: 3783: 3775: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3735: 3727: 3719: 3711: 3703: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3673: 3665: 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3585: 3545: 3477: 3333: 3271: 3224: 2936:Kinsale Head gas field 2839: 2794: 2727: 2610: 2493: 2483: 2433: 2406:independent commission 2320: 2192:Statute of Westminster 2187: 2121:In December 1921, the 2093: 2057: 2049:Sackville Street (now 1993:Act of Settlement 1701 1920: 1825:Battle of Vinegar Hill 1787: 1734: 1661:Plantations of Ireland 1625: 1601:The Kingdom of Ireland 1495: 1402: 1273: 1134:("Great Britain"). In 1109: 1036: 1019:The Uragh Stone Circle 921: 812: 573:) is an island in the 540: 419:Additional information 219:Highest elevation 47: 27:. For other uses, see 19456:International islands 19326:British Sign Language 19171:Principality of Wales 19015:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18898:British–Irish Council 18886:Political cooperation 18867:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18226:Scottish independence 17971:Celtic Media Festival 17854:National music scenes 17085:Proto-Celtic religion 16787:Related ethnic groups 16439:Mass media (Republic) 16383:National coat of arms 15271:IRA Northern Campaign 14895:Government of Ireland 14616:43.1 (2008): 179–204. 13945:"World Heritage List" 12871:. 18 September 2010. 12739:"Champions of Europe" 11708:Northern Ireland News 11364:". Statistics Canada. 10231:Open Geography Portal 9109:WorldTimelines.org.uk 8539:Rootsweb.ancestry.com 8339:Catholic Encyclopedia 8333:"St. Palladius" 8129:O'Hart, John (1892). 7723:Reich, David (2018). 7633:. London: Routledge. 7496:19 March 2014 at the 7396:"Prehistoric Details" 7322:www.niassembly.gov.uk 7295:16 April 2018 at the 6787:Government of Ireland 6664: 6216:Republic of Ireland: 6210:Republic of Ireland: 6204:Republic of Ireland: 6072:Anglo-Irish Trade War 6057: 5958: 5789: 5739:won a gold medal and 5659:1999 Rugby World Cups 5604:European Championship 5569: 5491: 5316:'s contribution, the 5308:and the invention of 5304:, famous for work in 5244:, winner of the 1951 5233:in the 19th century. 5166: 5002:and individuals like 4900: 4689:Literature of Ireland 4674: 4595: 4553:Ulster Scots dialects 4447: 4396:Further information: 3906:Further information: 3582: 3537: 3530:Impact of agriculture 3469: 3321: 3261: 3024:the winter of 2010–11 2895:MacGillycuddy's Reeks 2893:and the mountains of 2834: 2725: 2598: 2481: 2431: 2385:Good Friday Agreement 2381:Sunningdale Agreement 2366:Irish Republican Army 2334:Ulster Unionist Party 2330:"first-past-the-post" 2307: 2207:The state was neutral 2179:that established the 2174: 2135:Free State Parliament 2101:Irish Republican Army 2048: 1989:Catholic Emancipation 1910: 1902:Industrial Revolution 1804:Irish Republic (1798) 1774: 1726: 1718:Protestant Ascendancy 1614: 1595:English Privy Council 1556:was founded in 1297. 1554:Parliament of Ireland 1490: 1388: 1267: 1126:refers to Ireland as 1099: 1017: 738:Good Friday Agreement 682:Anglo-Norman invasion 637:after Great Britain. 599:second-largest island 448: • Summer ( 18945:Islands of the Clyde 18550:(Medieval Welsh law) 18160:Scottish nationalism 17810:Ancient Celtic music 17130:Romano-Celtic temple 16939:Welsh New Zealanders 16864:Irish New Zealanders 16361:County coats of arms 16253:List of Irish people 15327:List of Irish tribes 15177:Cromwellian conquest 15163:Plantation of Ulster 15094:Ireland (since 1922) 14825:Blackwell Publishing 14491:Irish Politics Today 14359:. Dual Citizen LLC. 14128:Sunday Business Post 14036:"Tourism Facts 2006" 13191:"Fishing in Ireland" 13014:"Golfing in Ireland" 12080:Luke Kelly: A Memoir 12006:Re-imagining Ireland 11985:on 16 September 2014 11979:"What is Bloomsday?" 11817:Údarás na Gaeltachta 11689:8 March 2021 at the 11625:. 21 February 2011. 10965:(Publication No. 8). 10950:(Publication No. 8). 10897:9 April 2022 at the 10767:on 16 September 2008 10580:"Climate of Ireland" 10403:Geology for Everyone 10370:Geology for Everyone 10366:"Geology of Ireland" 10165:"Area and Land Mass" 9925:Provos: The IRA and 9895:Provos: The IRA and 9776:Whyte, John (1983). 9443:Kee, Robert (1972). 9382:Kee, Robert (1972). 9354:Kee, Robert (1972). 9213:Mokyr, Joel (1983). 8499:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh 8385:Cahill, Tim (1996). 7907:, by Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 7905:The Celts: A History 7241:4 March 2020 at the 7110:. 18 February 1998. 6874:. Heritage Council. 6650:, County Antrim and 6542:in County Kerry and 6474:World Heritage Sites 6367:Republic of Ireland 6318:Republic of Ireland 6277:Republic of Ireland 6233:GDP (2018): €127 bn 6230:GDP (2018): €175 bn 6206:Northern and Western 5818:2000 Sydney Olympics 5778:Athletics in Ireland 5717:, in 2009 and 2018. 5332:was a specialist in 5294:Jocelyn Bell Burnell 5274:introduced the term 5236:Other notable Irish 4888:and others from the 4855:Modernist literature 4833:William Butler Yeats 4440:Languages of Ireland 4117:Local Government Act 3999:Provinces of Ireland 3995:class=notpageimage| 3908:Provinces of Ireland 3082:Record high °C (°F) 2844:geological provinces 2776:can be controversial 2734:, between latitudes 2732:north-west of Europe 2718:Geography of Ireland 2600:Parliament Buildings 2506:written constitution 2491:President of Ireland 2117:Partition of Ireland 1969:Catholic Relief Bill 1835:Battle of Prosperous 1687:. Physician-general 1681:indentured servitude 1578:Statutes of Kilkenny 1438:Tighearnán Ua Ruairc 1190:High King of Ireland 780:association football 670:High King of Ireland 642:geography of Ireland 579:north-western Europe 575:North Atlantic Ocean 157:53.44944°N 7.50306°W 19331:Irish Sign Language 19188:Kingdom of Scotland 19025:Bailiwick of Jersey 19008:Lists of islands of 18240:Irish republicanism 18221:Breton independence 18200:Scottish devolution 18133:Cornish nationalism 17956:Pan Celtic Festival 17830:Scottish folk music 17584:Scottish literature 17110:Celtic Christianity 16914:Scottish Travellers 16899:Scottish Argentines 16743:Scottish Travellers 16476:in Northern Ireland 16467:in Northern Ireland 16208:Legendary creatures 16121:Traditional singing 15957:Saint Patrick's Day 15592:Republic of Ireland 15521:Tourist attractions 15506:ROI–UK border 15491:of Northern Ireland 15444:in Northern Ireland 15276:IRA Border Campaign 15251:War of Independence 15221:Second Great Famine 15206:Act of Union (1800) 15158:Flight of the Earls 15015:Lordship of Ireland 14950:Republic of Ireland 14430:Thames & Hudson 14191:on 30 November 2010 14161:. 5 November 2012. 14077:on 20 February 2010 13345:Ireland for Dummies 13050:on 19 November 2008 13020:. Tourism Ireland. 12651:The Washington Post 12600:on 4 September 2015 12437:10.34667/tind.46596 11880:on 27 February 2009 11457:The Washington Post 11450:(24 October 2007). 11421:The Washington Post 11101:(8 November 2006). 11003:"Otter Lutra Lutra" 10691:on 16 December 2016 10442:on 12 December 2007 10200:National Geographic 10175:on 10 November 2012 10049:on 19 November 2011 9115:on 26 December 2010 8907:To Hell or Barbados 8798:Pack, Mark (2001). 8361:. pp. 78, 79. 8150:Bury, J.B. (1922). 7784:Koch, John (2009). 7598:Driscoll, Killian. 7446:2006MGeol.232....1K 6918:1999ECSS...49..501N 6833:2012JMICu...1...91R 6793:on 24 November 2009 6532:Guinness Storehouse 6476:on the island: the 6358: 6309: 6268: 6250:£27,154 per person 6247:€77,794 per person 6244:€74,824 per person 6241:€24,926 per person 6236:GDP (2021): £52 bn 6227:GDP (2018): €22 bn 6212:Eastern and Midland 5847:in 1947 to win the 5839:in County Kildare. 5814:World Championships 5643:national rugby team 5452:Republic of Ireland 5306:classical mechanics 5196:gentleman scientist 5188:South Magnetic Pole 4932:), laughing music ( 4865:, whose 1949 novel 4829:George Bernard Shaw 4753:Máire Mhac an tSaoi 4568:Irish Sign Language 4095:and was re-granted 4082:Greater Dublin Area 3912:Counties of Ireland 3516:Circumboreal Region 3512:Phytogeographically 3152:Record low °C (°F) 2916:has well-developed 2780:Britain and Ireland 2474:Republic of Ireland 2468:Republic of Ireland 2452:across the border. 2226:German intelligence 2201:Republic of Ireland 2036:National Volunteers 1961:as a Roman Catholic 1917:Our Boys in Ireland 1911:A depiction of the 1845:Battle of Castlebar 1806:in the province on 1654:Flight of the Earls 1516:Lordship of Ireland 1423:Dermot Mac Murrough 1300:Celtic Christianity 1138:in his later work, 1001:Atlantic Bronze Age 868:last glacial period 862:Prehistoric Ireland 856:Prehistoric Ireland 831:Proto-Indo-European 722:war of independence 615:Republic of Ireland 609:in Europe, and the 595:St George's Channel 585:to its east by the 468:British Summer Time 463:Irish Standard Time 433:Greenwich Mean Time 245:Republic of Ireland 153: / 131:Northwestern Europe 38: 21:Republic of Ireland 19183:Kingdom of Ireland 19166:Kingdom of England 18913:Common Travel Area 18859:Crown Dependencies 18231:Welsh independence 18195:Cornish devolution 18116:Breton nationalism 17966:Celtic Connections 17569:Cornish literature 16919:Ulster Protestants 16904:Scottish Canadians 16894:Scottish Americans 16804:Anglo-Irish people 16513:Ireland portal 15831:Skirts and kidneys 15337:List of High Kings 15256:Anglo-Irish Treaty 15196:First Great Famine 15181:Settlement of 1652 15153:Tyrone's Rebellion 15143:Desmond Rebellions 15032:Kingdom of Ireland 14780:Carroll & Graf 14677:St. Martin's Press 14217:on 28 January 2011 14159:Coventry Telegraph 14071:National Monuments 14067:"Search by County" 14046:on 12 January 2012 13868:Kinealy, Christine 13695:on 28 October 2008 12990:. 16 August 2009. 12835:. 28 August 2008. 12797:. BBC News. 2014. 11623:UniversityTimes.ie 11019:on 5 February 2011 10917:"Spartina Anglica" 10828:. 30 August 2012. 10800:on 29 January 2017 10560:on 19 January 2012 10043:The World Factbook 9709:on 8 February 2015 9683:Luck and the Irish 9328:The New York Times 9263:wesleyjohnston.com 8471:Ireland: A History 7693:Heritage Ireland. 7290:Climate of Ireland 7207:. pp. 3, 63. 6872:heritagecouncil.ie 6671: 6665:Turf-cutting near 6536:Lakes of Killarney 6525:national monuments 6356: 6307: 6266: 6194:Regional economics 6188:economies of scale 6064: 5964: 5841:Pádraig Harrington 5822:Gillian O'Sullivan 5816:and silver at the 5798: 5583: 5504: 5346:John Lighton Synge 5172: 4942:string instruments 4906: 4783:Gulliver's Travels 4680: 4601: 4584:Culture of Ireland 4540:English in Ireland 4450: 4111:, the seat of the 3586: 3546: 3478: 3334: 3272: 2968:Climate of Ireland 2856:Scottish Highlands 2840: 2827:Geology of Ireland 2728: 2611: 2579:Global Peace Index 2502:Westminster system 2494: 2485:Áras an Uachtaráin 2446:Common Travel Area 2434: 2321: 2188: 2177:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2123:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2103:(IRA), launched a 2066:Irish Citizen Army 2058: 1965:Duke of Wellington 1921: 1867:Kingdom of Ireland 1788: 1735: 1626: 1607:Kingdom of Ireland 1496: 1403: 1274: 1136:his map of Ireland 1110: 1050:Lebor Gabála Érenn 1037: 903:introduced cereal 872:relative sea level 851:History of Ireland 678:Battle of Clontarf 629:. As of 2022, the 227:Highest point 177:British Isles 162:53.44944; -7.50306 109: (dark green) 36: 19428: 19427: 19424: 19423: 19349: 19348: 19201: 19200: 19060: 19059: 18921: 18920: 18712: 18711: 18688: 18687: 18620: 18619: 18512: 18511: 18508: 18507: 18471:Cisalpine Gaulish 18291: 18290: 18177:national identity 18172:Welsh nationalism 18165:national identity 18145:Irish nationalism 18093: 18092: 18089: 18088: 18026:Cornish wrestling 17894: 17893: 17815:Breton Folk music 17780:Regional cultures 17623:National cultures 17609:Gaelic literature 17564:Breton literature 17525: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17517: 17516: 17305: 17304: 17217:Chief of the Name 17090:Celtic polytheism 17007:Sub-Roman Britain 16947: 16946: 16834:Irish Australians 16814:Cornish Americans 16773:Scottish diaspora 16520: 16519: 16498: 16497: 16494: 16493: 15905: 15904: 15796:Bacon and cabbage 15748: 15747: 15744: 15743: 15615:Foreign relations 15538: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15465:Notable buildings 15359: 15358: 15355: 15354: 14869:978-1-85828-642-6 14834:978-0-632-03656-1 14793:978-0-7867-1890-0 14752:978-0-7190-4584-4 14739:, Cormac (1997). 14714:978-0-19-821737-4 14695:O'Croinin, Daibhi 14686:978-0-312-31343-2 14646:978-0-7139-9010-2 14593:978-0-517-06408-5 14572:978-0-7171-1703-1 14547:978-1-898473-09-1 14505:978-0-7190-6174-5 14473:978-3-7913-1719-9 14443:978-0-500-20148-0 14211:"Interconnection" 13883:978-0-415-15527-4 13659:. 25 April 2023. 13590:978-1-74179-998-9 13533:978-1-57607-833-4 13503:on 3 January 2016 13452:978-0-631-16525-5 13421:978-1-74104-710-3 13390:978-1-74104-696-0 13359:978-0-470-10572-6 13264:978-0-19-280681-9 13165:Belfast Telegraph 12901:. 8 August 2021. 12749:on 6 October 2014 12217:978-0-9536896-8-2 12181:on 2 October 2014 12116:978-0-500-27371-5 12089:978-1-85594-090-1 12066:978-1-906359-78-2 11938:978-0-19-214183-5 11855:978-0-521-01175-4 11496:978-0-7171-3501-1 11325:"Settlement 2015" 11220:978-0-7165-2498-4 11186:. Irish Central. 11107:. Vol. 185. 10867:978-92-79-19988-2 10658:Irish Independent 10533:978-1-4237-1163-6 10132:Across the waters 9939:978-0-7475-3392-4 9909:978-0-7475-3392-4 9643:978-92-64-04449-4 9613:978-0-7546-4101-8 9588:978-1-872002-87-3 9557:978-1-57309-185-5 9454:978-0-297-17987-0 9393:978-0-297-17987-0 9365:978-0-297-17987-0 9184:978-1-85628-362-5 9147:978-0-19-820598-2 9090:978-0-8132-0784-1 9062:978-0-19-822751-9 9034:978-0-521-55266-0 8993:978-1-870132-85-5 8916:978-0-86322-287-0 8885:978-0-14-013250-2 8748:978-0-7546-0708-3 8723:978-90-04-15724-8 8693:cite encyclopedia 8664:978-0-415-33952-0 8639:978-0-415-27949-9 8614:978-0-521-09977-6 8484:978-0-521-19720-5 8423:978-0-8028-3450-8 8396:978-0-385-41849-2 8368:978-1-85182-144-0 8359:Four Courts Press 8303:Ginnell, Laurence 8283:cite encyclopedia 8088:978-0-292-72518-8 8077:. Austin, Texas: 7951:on 19 March 2015. 7842:978-1-84217-529-3 7738:978-0-19-882125-0 7640:978-0-415-16977-6 7604:LithicsIreland.ie 7544:. 21 March 2016. 7362:978-1-118-39698-8 7098:"Islands by Area" 6610:Energy in Ireland 6393: 6392: 6364:Northern Ireland 6344: 6343: 6303: 6302: 6254: 6253: 6000:bacon and cabbage 5982:) was common and 5806:Athletics Ireland 5727:Boxing in Ireland 5536:Cliftonville F.C. 5354:Kathleen Lonsdale 5322:Richard Cantillon 5282:John Stewart Bell 5209:, discovered the 5109:Drama and theatre 5079:John Butler Yeats 4979:traditional music 4884:Máirtín Ó Direáin 4863:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4789:A Modest Proposal 4769:Cló Iar-Chonnacht 4745:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4716:Aogán Ó Rathaille 4710:Dáibhí Ó Bruadair 4695:vernacular poetry 4597:Ardboe High Cross 4394: 4393: 4324:Greater Craigavon 4173:population 4168:population 4163:Population 3884:Church of Ireland 3873:Roman Catholicism 3866:Famine of 1740–41 3284:55 mammal species 3236: 3235: 2866:is a province of 2742:, and longitudes 2675:InterTradeIreland 2667:Waterways Ireland 2646:England and Wales 2536:(the Seanad), an 2418:Martin McGuinness 2354:Irish Nationalist 2040:Irish involvement 2008:Ulster Volunteers 1949:Irish nationalism 1830:Battle of Clonard 1777:George Cruikshank 1698:the Test Act 1672 1673:Irish Confederacy 1454:Treaty of Windsor 1324:Johannes Eriugena 1298:work that spread 1251:Early Middle Ages 1075:mitochondrial DNA 1009:Hallstatt culture 611:twentieth-largest 597:. Ireland is the 570:[ˈɑːrlən] 484: 483: 404:1.2% other (inc. 115: (dark grey) 105:Location of 19463: 19386:Irish Travellers 19217: 19216: 19213:Modern languages 19210: 19209: 19161:Irish Free State 19118:Northern Ireland 19077: 19076: 18930: 18929: 18838:Northern Ireland 18816:Sovereign states 18812: 18811: 18739: 18732: 18725: 18716: 18715: 18705: 18626: 18625: 18518: 18517: 18500:Galwegian Gaelic 18399: 18398: 18297: 18296: 18205:Welsh devolution 18099: 18098: 17851: 17850: 17840:Sean-nós singing 17835:Welsh folk music 17825:Irish folk music 17792:Highland culture 17574:Irish literature 17554:Arthurian Legend 17542: 17541: 17531: 17530: 17483: 17471: 17459: 17447: 17435: 17423: 17403: 17402: 17394: 17393: 17371:Neo-Christianity 17311: 17310: 17242:Gaelic astrology 17202:Celtic festivals 17105:Celtic mythology 17078:Ancient religion 16995:Iron Age Britain 16962: 16961: 16955: 16934:Welsh Argentines 16874:Irish Uruguayans 16869:Irish Travellers 16839:Irish Brazilians 16829:Irish Argentines 16809:Breton Americans 16763:Cornish diaspora 16725:Irish Travellers 16599: 16598: 16591:Celtic languages 16547: 16540: 16533: 16524: 16523: 16511: 16510: 16509: 16188:Tuatha Dé Danann 15776: 15775: 15767: 15766: 15754: 15753: 15689:Northern Ireland 15667: 15657: 15647: 15557: 15556: 15544: 15543: 15378: 15377: 15365: 15364: 15241:Home Rule crisis 15071:Northern Ireland 14984: 14983: 14971: 14970: 14958:Northern Ireland 14929: 14922: 14915: 14906: 14905: 14888: 14887: 14873: 14850: 14848: 14846: 14813: 14802:O'Rahilly, T. F. 14797: 14768: 14766: 14764: 14738: 14730: 14728: 14726: 14707:. p. 1219. 14690: 14650: 14630: 14609: 14607: 14605: 14576: 14551: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14477: 14447: 14408: 14407: 14405: 14403: 14398:on 17 March 2012 14397: 14390: 14382: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14371: 14365: 14358: 14350: 14344: 14343: 14342: 14340: 14319: 14313: 14312: 14310: 14308: 14293: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14233: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14207: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14196: 14181: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14170: 14151: 14145: 14144: 14142: 14140: 14119: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14108: 14093: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14082: 14062: 14056: 14055: 14053: 14051: 14032: 14019: 14001: 13995: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13971: 13965: 13964: 13962: 13960: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13929: 13927: 13909: 13903: 13902: 13897: 13895: 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13848:on 1 August 2023 13838: 13832: 13831: 13829: 13827: 13822:on 1 August 2023 13812: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13801: 13795: 13789:. Archived from 13788: 13780: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13766: 13747: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13716: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13694: 13687: 13679: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13653: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13635: 13616: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13602: 13580:Discover Ireland 13574: 13568: 13567: 13565: 13563: 13547: 13538: 13537: 13519: 13513: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13488: 13482: 13481: 13463: 13457: 13456: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13401: 13395: 13394: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13339: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13290: 13284: 13283: 13275: 13269: 13268: 13250: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13187: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13156: 13150: 13149: 13147: 13145: 13130: 13124: 13123: 13121: 13119: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13089: 13072:(22 July 2007). 13066: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13055: 13040: 13034: 13033: 13031: 13029: 13010: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12980: 12974: 12973: 12971: 12969: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12937: 12930: 12921: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12870: 12855: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12834: 12817: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12806: 12791: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12780: 12765: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12754: 12735: 12724: 12723: 12718: 12716: 12699: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12688: 12673: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12662: 12642: 12636: 12635: 12633: 12631: 12616: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12605: 12599: 12592: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12524: 12518: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12507: 12500: 12492: 12483: 12482: 12476: 12472: 12470: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12422: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12351: 12336: 12330: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12300: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12289: 12269: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12258: 12252: 12237: 12228: 12222: 12221: 12197: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12175:"An Taibhdhearc" 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12150: 12139: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12128: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12075: 12069: 12050: 12044: 12037: 12031: 12018:O'Dwyer, Simon: 12016: 12010: 12009: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11975: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11949: 11943: 11942: 11922: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11896: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11820: 11803: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11792: 11773:Ó Broin, Brian. 11770: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11754:on 28 March 2016 11753: 11742: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11699: 11693: 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11645: 11639: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11615: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11584: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11564:. 28 June 2011. 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11519: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11480: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11411: 11405: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11371: 11365: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11321: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11291: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11280: 11261: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11250: 11231: 11225: 11224: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11146: 11137: 11135: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11115:. Archived from 11114: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11018: 11007: 10999: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10958: 10952: 10951: 10943: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10912: 10906: 10889: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10848: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10799: 10793:. Archived from 10792: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10753: 10747: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10707: 10701: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10627: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10591: 10576: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10565: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10503:on 13 March 2016 10499:. Archived from 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10411: 10400: 10392: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10376:on 27 March 2008 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10346:on 19 March 2015 10336: 10330: 10329: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10291: 10282: 10281: 10275: 10273: 10252: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10238: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10203:. Archived from 10191: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10171:. Archived from 10161: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10144: 10137: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10096: 10094: 10088: 10073: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10009: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9992: 9985: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9950: 9944: 9943: 9930: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9900: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9809: 9807: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9756: 9733: 9725: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9714: 9705:. Archived from 9692: 9686: 9679: 9673: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9543: 9537: 9530: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9482:10.2307/20030588 9465: 9459: 9458: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9409: 9398: 9397: 9379: 9370: 9369: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9131: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9076: 9067: 9066: 9048: 9039: 9038: 9022: 9016: 9009: 8998: 8997: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8873: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8778: 8767: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8696: 8688: 8682: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8507: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8438:Stokes, Margaret 8434: 8428: 8427: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8389:. Anchor Books. 8382: 8373: 8372: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8335: 8327: 8321: 8320: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8286: 8278: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8256:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8252: 8249:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8244: 8238: 8231: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8020: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7978:on 21 July 2015. 7977: 7970: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7943: 7932: 7926: 7923: 7917: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7809: 7790: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7764: 7757: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7674:on 11 April 2019 7673: 7667:. Archived from 7662: 7654: 7645: 7644: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7507: 7501: 7487: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7425: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7392: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7344: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7286: 7280: 7261: 7252: 7233: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7202: 7194: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7133: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7070: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6989: 6978: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6880: 6869: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6844: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6789:. Archived from 6781:Nolan, William. 6778: 6758: 6752: 6743: 6736: 6730: 6727: 6695:renewable energy 6691:clean-technology 6646:in Scotland and 6598:Dromoland Castle 6586:Glenveagh Castle 6582:Strokestown Park 6574:Castletown House 6568:styles, such as 6540:Dingle peninsula 6509:Holy Cross Abbey 6486:Giant's Causeway 6484:complex and the 6483: 6457:Major industries 6443:The Great Famine 6397:Economic history 6359: 6355: 6310: 6306: 6269: 6265: 6201: 6200: 6062:in County Antrim 5857:PGA Championship 5810:Sonia O'Sullivan 5741:Wayne McCullough 5638:soccer leagues. 5456:Northern Ireland 5438:, horse racing, 5428:greyhound racing 5389:Sport in Ireland 5330:John B. Cosgrave 5328:, among others. 5219:Maynooth College 5130: 5091:Louis le Brocquy 5009: 5008: 4915:Music of Ireland 4893: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4872: 4810:Edith Somerville 4806:William Carleton 4794:Oliver Goldsmith 4772: 4771: 4764: 4763: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4747: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4704: 4613:European culture 4564:Irish Travellers 4531: 4525: 4519: 4508: 4191: 4180: 4147: 4136: 4122: 4121: 3981: 3980: 3965: 3964: 3949: 3948: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3892:Jewish community 3888:Muslim community 3836: 3828: 3820: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3788: 3780: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3748: 3740: 3732: 3724: 3716: 3708: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3662: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3630: 3622: 3614: 3606: 3598: 3506:species such as 3493:Spartina anglica 3449:strawberry trees 3250:Flora of Ireland 3246:Fauna of Ireland 3227: 3030: 3029: 3008:weather stations 3005: 3002: 2974:the Emerald Isle 2948:West of Shetland 2944:Corrib Gas Field 2876:Southern Uplands 2817:in the midwest. 2635:House of Commons 2591:Northern Ireland 2585:Northern Ireland 2575:financial crisis 2557: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2526: 2488: 2414:Operation Banner 2275:Northern Ireland 2268:financial crisis 2219:Victoria Crosses 2181:Irish Free State 2147:Irish Free State 2131:Northern Ireland 2098: 2051:O'Connell Street 2034:, took the name 2019:Irish Volunteers 1985:Pitt the Younger 1953:Daniel O'Connell 1840:Battle of Carlow 1574:Irish parliament 1536:), substituting 1427:King of Leinster 1419:Richard de Clare 1417:. It was led by 1320:Sedulius Scottus 1316:late Middle Ages 1302:and learning to 1234:Pope Celestine I 1202:kingdom of Meath 1132:Megale Brettania 1005:Celtic languages 960:weaving textiles 926: 839: 838: 815: 730:Irish Free State 623:Northern Ireland 572: 567: 557: 556: 555: 549: 547:[ˈeːɾʲə] 531: 526: 525: 524: 523: 516: 513: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 453: 279:Northern Ireland 185: 168: 167: 165: 164: 163: 158: 154: 151: 150: 149: 146: 108: 102: 87: 74: 66: 58: 50: 39: 35: 25:Northern Ireland 19471: 19470: 19466: 19465: 19464: 19462: 19461: 19460: 19431: 19430: 19429: 19420: 19376:English Gypsies 19345: 19314: 19276: 19257:Scottish Gaelic 19238: 19197: 19149: 19091: 19068: 19056: 19003: 18999:Isles of Scilly 18940:Channel Islands 18917: 18881: 18853: 18803: 18748: 18743: 18713: 18708: 18684: 18631: 18616: 18558: 18554:Early Scots law 18543:Early Irish law 18529: 18504: 18481:Scottish Gaelic 18475: 18416:Proto-Brittonic 18388: 18384:Beurla Reagaird 18360: 18356:Scottish Gaelic 18332: 18304: 18287: 18283:Columba Project 18263:Celtic Congress 18244: 18209: 18183: 18104: 18085: 18046:Gaelic handball 18036:Gaelic football 18021:Cornish hurling 17980: 17890: 17849: 17796: 17775: 17761:Gaelic clothing 17744: 17659: 17618: 17579:Manx literature 17536: 17513: 17492:Other claimants 17487: 17392: 17342:Celtic Congress 17318: 17301: 17197:Celtic calendar 17175: 17134: 17073: 16969: 16956: 16943: 16929:Welsh Americans 16849:Irish Catholics 16844:Irish Canadians 16824:Irish Americans 16782: 16756:Celtic diaspora 16751: 16685: 16614: 16606: 16593: 16560: 16551: 16521: 16516: 16507: 16505: 16490: 16458:outside Ireland 16429:Historic houses 16397: 16378:Irish Wolfhound 16349:Brighid's Cross 16335: 16306:Gaelic handball 16301:Gaelic football 16272: 16243:Hiberno-Normans 16212: 16125: 16073: 16028: 16009:Hiberno-English 15995: 15940: 15901: 15855: 15761: 15740: 15683: 15665: 15655: 15645: 15586: 15577:Ulster loyalism 15551: 15530: 15448: 15372: 15351: 15310: 15236:Dublin lock-out 15172:Confederate War 15123:Norman invasion 15110:Battles of Tara 15098: 15054:1801–1923 15042:1691–1800 15037:1536–1691 15025:1169–1536 14978: 14965: 14941: 14933: 14885: 14881: 14876: 14870: 14862:. p. 599. 14844: 14842: 14835: 14827:. p. 423. 14823:. Hoboken, NJ: 14794: 14762: 14760: 14753: 14724: 14722: 14715: 14687: 14666:Wayback Machine 14653:Foster, R. F. 14647: 14603: 14601: 14594: 14573: 14548: 14515: 14513: 14506: 14498:. p. 163. 14474: 14466:. p. 198. 14444: 14417: 14412: 14411: 14401: 14399: 14395: 14388: 14384: 14383: 14379: 14369: 14367: 14363: 14356: 14352: 14351: 14347: 14338: 14336: 14335:on 5 March 2012 14321: 14320: 14316: 14306: 14304: 14303:on 14 July 2011 14295: 14294: 14290: 14280: 14278: 14265: 14264: 14260: 14250: 14248: 14235: 14234: 14230: 14220: 14218: 14209: 14208: 14204: 14194: 14192: 14183: 14182: 14178: 14168: 14166: 14153: 14152: 14148: 14138: 14136: 14121: 14120: 14116: 14106: 14104: 14095: 14094: 14090: 14080: 14078: 14063: 14059: 14049: 14047: 14034: 14033: 14022: 14012:Wayback Machine 14002: 13998: 13988: 13986: 13973: 13972: 13968: 13958: 13956: 13943: 13942: 13938: 13925: 13923: 13910: 13906: 13893: 13891: 13884: 13865: 13861: 13851: 13849: 13840: 13839: 13835: 13825: 13823: 13814: 13813: 13809: 13799: 13797: 13796:on 25 July 2023 13793: 13786: 13782: 13781: 13774: 13764: 13762: 13749: 13748: 13739: 13729: 13727: 13718: 13717: 13708: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13685: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13655: 13654: 13643: 13633: 13631: 13618: 13617: 13610: 13600: 13598: 13591: 13575: 13571: 13561: 13559: 13548: 13541: 13534: 13520: 13516: 13506: 13504: 13489: 13485: 13478: 13464: 13460: 13453: 13433: 13429: 13422: 13402: 13398: 13391: 13371: 13367: 13360: 13340: 13336: 13291: 13287: 13276: 13272: 13265: 13251: 13236: 13226: 13224: 13215: 13214: 13210: 13200: 13198: 13189: 13188: 13184: 13174: 13172: 13157: 13153: 13143: 13141: 13132: 13131: 13127: 13117: 13115: 13114:on 3 April 2015 13102: 13101: 13097: 13087: 13085: 13084:on 23 July 2011 13070:Brennan, Séamus 13067: 13063: 13053: 13051: 13042: 13041: 13037: 13027: 13025: 13012: 13011: 13007: 12997: 12995: 12982: 12981: 12977: 12967: 12965: 12964:on 20 June 2017 12956: 12955: 12951: 12941: 12939: 12938:on 23 July 2011 12935: 12928: 12922: 12918: 12908: 12906: 12893: 12892: 12888: 12878: 12876: 12857: 12856: 12852: 12842: 12840: 12819: 12818: 12814: 12804: 12802: 12793: 12792: 12788: 12778: 12776: 12767: 12766: 12762: 12752: 12750: 12737: 12736: 12727: 12714: 12712: 12700: 12696: 12686: 12684: 12675: 12674: 12670: 12660: 12658: 12643: 12639: 12629: 12627: 12618: 12617: 12613: 12603: 12601: 12597: 12590: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12571: 12569: 12556: 12555: 12551: 12541: 12539: 12526: 12525: 12521: 12511: 12509: 12508:on 12 July 2015 12505: 12498: 12494: 12493: 12486: 12474: 12473: 12464: 12463: 12456: 12454: 12447: 12423: 12419: 12409: 12407: 12394: 12393: 12389: 12379: 12377: 12364: 12363: 12359: 12349: 12347: 12338: 12337: 12333: 12327: 12320: 12318: 12301: 12297: 12287: 12285: 12270: 12266: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12235: 12229: 12225: 12218: 12198: 12194: 12184: 12182: 12173: 12172: 12168: 12158: 12156: 12148:An Taibhdheirce 12141: 12140: 12136: 12126: 12124: 12117: 12101: 12097: 12090: 12076: 12072: 12051: 12047: 12038: 12034: 12017: 12013: 12002: 11998: 11988: 11986: 11977: 11976: 11972: 11962: 11960: 11951: 11950: 11946: 11939: 11923: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11898: 11897: 11893: 11883: 11881: 11868: 11867: 11863: 11856: 11846:Language policy 11842: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11805: 11804: 11800: 11790: 11788: 11780:The Irish Times 11771: 11767: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11700: 11696: 11691:Wayback Machine 11679: 11675: 11665: 11663: 11655:The Irish Times 11646: 11642: 11632: 11630: 11617: 11616: 11612: 11602: 11600: 11585: 11581: 11571: 11569: 11554: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11520: 11516: 11506: 11504: 11497: 11481: 11477: 11467: 11465: 11448:Sullivan, Kevin 11445: 11441: 11431: 11429: 11412: 11408: 11403: 11399: 11389: 11387: 11372: 11368: 11362:Wayback Machine 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11323: 11322: 11318: 11308: 11306: 11293: 11292: 11288: 11278: 11276: 11263: 11262: 11258: 11248: 11246: 11233: 11232: 11228: 11221: 11207: 11203: 11193: 11191: 11180: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11163:on 24 June 2011 11156:The Independent 11147: 11140: 11122: 11120: 11096: 11092: 11082: 11080: 11067: 11066: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11037: 11036: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11016: 11005: 11001: 11000: 10996: 10986: 10984: 10975: 10974: 10970: 10959: 10955: 10944: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10915:Hackney, Paul. 10913: 10909: 10899:Wayback Machine 10890: 10886: 10877: 10875: 10868: 10850: 10849: 10845: 10835: 10833: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10790: 10784: 10780: 10770: 10768: 10755: 10754: 10750: 10741: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10717:The Irish Times 10708: 10704: 10694: 10692: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10668: 10666: 10649: 10645: 10635: 10633: 10614: 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10578: 10577: 10573: 10563: 10561: 10546: 10545: 10541: 10534: 10520: 10516: 10506: 10504: 10497:EnergyFiles.com 10491: 10490: 10486: 10476: 10474: 10459: 10455: 10445: 10443: 10430: 10429: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10364: 10363: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10338: 10337: 10333: 10322: 10318: 10308: 10306: 10293: 10292: 10285: 10271: 10269: 10254: 10253: 10249: 10236: 10234: 10225: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10207:on 24 June 2017 10193: 10192: 10188: 10178: 10176: 10163: 10162: 10158: 10148: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10127: 10123: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10092: 10090: 10086: 10071: 10067: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10037: 10036: 10032: 10022: 10020: 10011: 10010: 10006: 9996: 9994: 9990: 9983: 9977: 9973: 9963: 9961: 9952: 9951: 9947: 9940: 9921: 9917: 9910: 9891: 9887: 9877: 9875: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9842: 9823: 9819: 9805: 9803: 9796: 9774: 9770: 9760: 9758: 9754: 9731: 9727: 9726: 9722: 9712: 9710: 9693: 9689: 9680: 9676: 9672:(2007), pp 7–36 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9644: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9614: 9600: 9596: 9589: 9569: 9565: 9558: 9544: 9540: 9531: 9524: 9514: 9512: 9501: 9497: 9470:Foreign Affairs 9466: 9462: 9455: 9441: 9437: 9427: 9425: 9410: 9401: 9394: 9380: 9373: 9366: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9319: 9315: 9305: 9303: 9302:on 17 June 2015 9295:The Independent 9286: 9282: 9272: 9270: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9233:Digital History 9227: 9226: 9222: 9211: 9207: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9171: 9167: 9157: 9155: 9148: 9132: 9128: 9118: 9116: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9049: 9042: 9035: 9010: 9001: 8994: 8980: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8955: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8937:on 2 March 2012 8929: 8928: 8924: 8917: 8903: 8896: 8886: 8861: 8857: 8847: 8845: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8796: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8776: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8756: 8749: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8710: 8706: 8690: 8689: 8676: 8672: 8665: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8626: 8622: 8615: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8562: 8558: 8548: 8546: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8512: 8505: 8496: 8492: 8485: 8467: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8397: 8383: 8376: 8369: 8351: 8347: 8328: 8324: 8313:T. Fisher Unwin 8300: 8296: 8280: 8279: 8271: 8267: 8245: 8241: 8232: 8228: 8207:Irish Geography 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8148: 8144: 8127: 8123: 8112: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8089: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8038: 8034: 7987: 7983: 7975: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7948: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7920: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7889: 7887: 7882:. Penn Museum. 7876: 7872: 7861: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7793:Palaeohispanica 7788: 7782: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7731:. p. 115. 7721: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7701:on 2 March 2015 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7648: 7641: 7627: 7623: 7613: 7611: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7551: 7549: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7521: 7519: 7508: 7504: 7498:Wayback Machine 7488: 7481: 7471: 7469: 7426: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7394: 7393: 7382: 7372: 7370: 7363: 7345: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7297:Wayback Machine 7287: 7283: 7276:The Irish Times 7271:Wayback Machine 7262: 7255: 7248:The Irish Times 7243:Wayback Machine 7234: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7200: 7196: 7195: 7184: 7172: 7170: 7151: 7149: 7134: 7127: 7117: 7115: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7042:. 30 May 2023. 7034: 7033: 7029: 7019: 7017: 7008: 7007: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6943: 6941: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6813: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6753: 6746: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6612: 6606: 6505:Cliffs of Moher 6497:Bunratty Castle 6470: 6464: 6459: 6405: 6399: 6394: 6350: 6345: 6315:United Kingdom 6304: 6274:United Kingdom 6259: 6196: 6176: 6170: 6162:Main articles: 6160: 6140:, particularly 6128:, particularly 6012:mashed potatoes 5953: 5947: 5886: 5862:Graeme McDowell 5826:Derval O'Rourke 5784: 5782:Golf in Ireland 5772:Main articles: 5770: 5737:Michael Carruth 5729: 5723: 5651:Rugby World Cup 5486: 5466:Main articles: 5464: 5400:Gaelic football 5397: 5391: 5385: 5358:crystallography 5161: 5149:Conor McPherson 5145:Sebastian Barry 5117: 5111: 5071: 5063:Main articles: 5061: 5049:the Cranberries 5041:Sinéad O'Connor 5033:the Saw Doctors 4996:Clancy Brothers 4992:the Wolfe Tones 4972:Irish composers 4926:Gregorian chant 4921: 4913:Main articles: 4911: 4909:Music and dance 4802:Charles Kickham 4734: 4730: 4691: 4685: 4669: 4633:Celtic knotwork 4609:Americanisation 4599:, County Tyrone 4590: 4582:Main articles: 4580: 4459:Scottish Gaelic 4442: 4436: 4405: 4400: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3966: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3950: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3934: 3918: 3904: 3577: 3565:Main articles: 3563: 3532: 3276:mainland Europe 3256: 3244:Main articles: 3242: 3240:Flora and fauna 3237: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3003: 3000: 2978:oceanic climate 2970: 2964: 2954:. In 2000, the 2829: 2823: 2795:Corrán Tuathail 2720: 2714: 2658: 2637:' 650 MPs. The 2604:Stormont Estate 2593: 2587: 2476: 2470: 2426: 2358:Provisional IRA 2287: 2279:Main articles: 2277: 2169: 2161:Main articles: 2159: 2151:Éamon de Valera 2143:Irish Civil War 2119: 2113: 2028:First World War 1981:George's father 1967:. Steering the 1859: 1853: 1769: 1763: 1732:United Irishmen 1650:Nine Years' War 1638:King of England 1630:King of Ireland 1609: 1603: 1562: 1550:Catholic Church 1508:Lord of Ireland 1413:in present-day 1383: 1377: 1365:Main articles: 1363: 1335:endemic warfare 1312:Frankish Empire 1268:A folio of the 1128:Mikra Brettania 1094: 1088: 984: 937:dry-stone walls 931:. An extensive 909:Ferriter's Cove 864: 858: 853: 847: 827:Irish mythology 825:, a goddess in 804: 760:Western culture 692:, which led to 551: 550: 529: 519: 518: 494: 490: 480: 472: 447: 442: 414: 411:4.5% not stated 318:Population rank 268: 248: 183: 161: 159: 155: 152: 147: 144: 142: 140: 139: 118: 117: 106: 93: 90:Satellite image 78: 77: 68: 52: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19469: 19459: 19458: 19453: 19451:Celtic nations 19448: 19443: 19426: 19425: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19403: 19401:Northern Irish 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19368: 19363: 19357: 19355: 19351: 19350: 19347: 19346: 19344: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19322: 19320: 19316: 19315: 19313: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19286: 19284: 19278: 19277: 19275: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19248: 19246: 19240: 19239: 19237: 19236: 19231: 19225: 19223: 19214: 19207: 19203: 19202: 19199: 19198: 19196: 19195: 19190: 19185: 19180: 19175: 19174: 19173: 19163: 19157: 19155: 19151: 19150: 19148: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19132: 19131: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19108:United Kingdom 19105: 19099: 19097: 19096:Current states 19093: 19092: 19090: 19089: 19083: 19081: 19074: 19062: 19061: 19058: 19057: 19055: 19054: 19053: 19052: 19047: 19042: 19035:United Kingdom 19032: 19027: 19022: 19017: 19011: 19009: 19005: 19004: 19002: 19001: 18996: 18995: 18994: 18989: 18982:Northern Isles 18979: 18974: 18969: 18968: 18967: 18962: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18936: 18934: 18927: 18923: 18922: 18919: 18918: 18916: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18889: 18887: 18883: 18882: 18880: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18863: 18861: 18855: 18854: 18852: 18851: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18829:United Kingdom 18826: 18820: 18818: 18809: 18805: 18804: 18802: 18801: 18800: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18779: 18774: 18769: 18759: 18753: 18750: 18749: 18742: 18741: 18734: 18727: 18719: 18710: 18709: 18707: 18706: 18699: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18686: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18622: 18621: 18618: 18617: 18615: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18572:Gaelic warfare 18568: 18566: 18560: 18559: 18557: 18556: 18551: 18548:Cyfraith Hywel 18545: 18539: 18537: 18531: 18530: 18514: 18513: 18510: 18509: 18506: 18505: 18503: 18502: 18497: 18495:Deeside Gaelic 18492: 18486: 18484: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18473: 18468: 18466:Hispano-Celtic 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18421:Proto-Goidelic 18418: 18413: 18407: 18405: 18396: 18390: 18389: 18387: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18370: 18368: 18362: 18361: 18359: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18342: 18340: 18334: 18333: 18331: 18330: 18325: 18320: 18314: 18312: 18306: 18305: 18293: 18292: 18289: 18288: 18286: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18273:Celtic society 18270: 18268:Celtic Revival 18265: 18260: 18254: 18252: 18246: 18245: 18243: 18242: 18236:United Ireland 18233: 18228: 18223: 18217: 18215: 18211: 18210: 18208: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18191: 18189: 18185: 18184: 18182: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18141: 18140: 18130: 18129: 18128: 18123: 18112: 18110: 18106: 18105: 18095: 18094: 18091: 18090: 18087: 18086: 18084: 18083: 18081:Welsh handball 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18061:Highland games 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17994: 17988: 17986: 17982: 17981: 17979: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17947: 17946: 17937: 17928: 17919: 17904: 17902: 17896: 17895: 17892: 17891: 17889: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17857: 17855: 17848: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17806: 17804: 17798: 17797: 17795: 17794: 17789: 17787:Gaelic culture 17783: 17781: 17777: 17776: 17774: 17773: 17768: 17766:Highland dress 17763: 17758: 17752: 17750: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17730:Pictish stones 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17675: 17669: 17667: 17661: 17660: 17658: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 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17054:Cisalpine Gaul 17051: 17050: 17049: 17044: 17026: 17017: 16992: 16983: 16981:Gaelic Ireland 16977: 16975: 16971: 16970: 16958: 16957: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16944: 16942: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16879:Manx Americans 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16854:Irish Chileans 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16819:English people 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16790: 16788: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16780: 16778:Welsh diaspora 16775: 16770: 16768:Irish diaspora 16765: 16759: 16757: 16753: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16748: 16747: 16746: 16745: 16734: 16729: 16728: 16727: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16695: 16693: 16687: 16686: 16684: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16622: 16620: 16608: 16607: 16595: 16594: 16575:Celtic studies 16567:Celtic nations 16565: 16562: 16561: 16550: 16549: 16542: 16535: 16527: 16518: 16517: 16503: 16500: 16499: 16496: 16495: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16469: 16460: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16424:Heritage Sites 16421: 16416: 16411: 16405: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16374: 16373: 16363: 16358: 16351: 16345: 16343: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16282: 16280: 16274: 16273: 16271: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16248:Irish diaspora 16245: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16236:Gaelic Ireland 16228: 16222: 16220: 16214: 16213: 16211: 16210: 16205: 16198: 16191: 16184: 16177: 16170: 16163: 16162: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16135: 16133: 16127: 16126: 16124: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16107: 16106: 16096: 16089: 16083: 16081: 16075: 16074: 16072: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16049: 16044: 16038: 16036: 16030: 16029: 16027: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16005: 16003: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15993: 15988: 15979: 15977:Rose of Tralee 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15921: 15915: 15913: 15907: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15863: 15861: 15857: 15856: 15854: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15786:List of dishes 15782: 15780: 15773: 15763: 15762: 15750: 15749: 15746: 15745: 15742: 15741: 15739: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15705: 15704: 15702:D'Hondt method 15693: 15691: 15685: 15684: 15682: 15681: 15676: 15675: 15674: 15669: 15663:Seanad Éireann 15659: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15628: 15627: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15596: 15594: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15563: 15561: 15553: 15552: 15540: 15539: 15536: 15535: 15532: 15531: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15473: 15472: 15467: 15456: 15454: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15446: 15437: 15436: 15435: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15403:Extreme points 15400: 15395: 15393:Climate change 15390: 15384: 15382: 15374: 15373: 15361: 15360: 15357: 15356: 15353: 15352: 15350: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15318: 15316: 15312: 15311: 15309: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15211:1803 Rebellion 15208: 15203: 15201:1798 Rebellion 15198: 15193: 15188: 15186:Williamite War 15183: 15174: 15168:1641 Rebellion 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15148:Spanish Armada 15145: 15140: 15138:Tudor conquest 15135: 15130: 15128:Bruce campaign 15125: 15120: 15106: 15104: 15100: 15099: 15097: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15085: 15084: 15074: 15073:(1921–present) 15068: 15063: 15061:Irish Republic 15058: 15057: 15056: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15039: 15029: 15028: 15027: 15022: 15020:800–1169 15011:Gaelic Ireland 15008: 15003: 14998: 14992: 14990: 14980: 14979: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14963: 14955: 14946: 14943: 14942: 14932: 14931: 14924: 14917: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14880: 14879:External links 14877: 14875: 14874: 14868: 14851: 14833: 14814: 14798: 14792: 14769: 14751: 14731: 14713: 14691: 14685: 14668: 14651: 14645: 14617: 14610: 14592: 14577: 14571: 14552: 14546: 14540:. p. 94. 14529: 14524:Daly, Mary E. 14522: 14504: 14485: 14478: 14472: 14455: 14450:Beckett, J.C. 14448: 14442: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14377: 14345: 14314: 14288: 14277:on 29 May 2014 14258: 14228: 14202: 14176: 14146: 14114: 14088: 14057: 14040:Fáilte Ireland 14020: 14016:National Trust 13996: 13979:World Heritage 13966: 13949:World Heritage 13936: 13904: 13882: 13859: 13833: 13807: 13772: 13737: 13706: 13674: 13641: 13608: 13589: 13569: 13539: 13532: 13514: 13483: 13476: 13458: 13451: 13427: 13420: 13396: 13389: 13365: 13358: 13334: 13305:(3): 160–161. 13285: 13270: 13263: 13234: 13208: 13182: 13151: 13125: 13095: 13061: 13035: 13005: 12975: 12949: 12916: 12886: 12850: 12812: 12786: 12760: 12725: 12694: 12668: 12637: 12611: 12579: 12549: 12519: 12484: 12475:|website= 12445: 12417: 12387: 12357: 12331: 12295: 12278:NobelPrize.org 12264: 12223: 12216: 12192: 12166: 12134: 12115: 12095: 12088: 12070: 12045: 12032: 12011: 11996: 11970: 11944: 11937: 11917: 11891: 11861: 11854: 11836: 11798: 11765: 11729: 11694: 11673: 11640: 11610: 11579: 11561:Irish Examiner 11547: 11514: 11495: 11475: 11439: 11406: 11397: 11366: 11346: 11316: 11286: 11265:"NI by County" 11256: 11226: 11219: 11201: 11174: 11138: 11119:on 11 May 2011 11111:Seanad Éireann 11104:National Parks 11090: 11060: 11030: 10994: 10977:"Biodiversity" 10968: 10953: 10938: 10927:on 19 May 2011 10907: 10892:Native Species 10884: 10866: 10843: 10811: 10778: 10748: 10735: 10702: 10676: 10643: 10607: 10571: 10553:Irish Examiner 10539: 10532: 10514: 10484: 10453: 10423: 10387: 10357: 10331: 10316: 10283: 10247: 10218: 10186: 10156: 10121: 10104: 10060: 10030: 10004: 9971: 9945: 9938: 9915: 9908: 9885: 9859: 9840: 9817: 9794: 9768: 9720: 9687: 9674: 9668:R. F. Foster, 9661: 9642: 9619: 9612: 9594: 9587: 9563: 9556: 9538: 9522: 9495: 9460: 9453: 9435: 9418:History Review 9399: 9392: 9371: 9364: 9346: 9313: 9280: 9250: 9220: 9205: 9190: 9183: 9165: 9146: 9126: 9096: 9089: 9068: 9061: 9040: 9033: 8999: 8992: 8974: 8948: 8922: 8915: 8894: 8884: 8870:Modern Ireland 8855: 8825: 8790: 8754: 8747: 8729: 8722: 8704: 8670: 8663: 8645: 8638: 8620: 8613: 8589: 8556: 8526: 8490: 8483: 8461: 8429: 8422: 8402: 8395: 8374: 8367: 8345: 8322: 8294: 8265: 8239: 8226: 8193: 8142: 8121: 8106: 8087: 8081:. p. 65. 8063: 8040:Hay, Maciamo. 8032: 8009:10.1086/424697 8003:(4): 693–702. 7981: 7954: 7927: 7918: 7909: 7897: 7870: 7855: 7841: 7821: 7776: 7744: 7737: 7712: 7695:"Céide Fields" 7685: 7646: 7639: 7621: 7590: 7573:Irish Examiner 7559: 7529: 7502: 7479: 7434:Marine Geology 7417: 7380: 7361: 7339: 7309: 7281: 7253: 7225: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7158: 7125: 7089: 7057: 7027: 7001: 6981:Planningni.gov 6965: 6951: 6892: 6856: 6804: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6744: 6731: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6608:Main article: 6605: 6602: 6590:Ashford Castle 6513:Blarney Castle 6501:Rock of Cashel 6472:There are two 6466:Main article: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6414:land-ownership 6410:trade barriers 6401:Main article: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6354: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6337:£14.4 billion 6335: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6296:£12.8 billion 6294: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6195: 6192: 6184:pound sterling 6159: 6156: 6100:cream liqueurs 5988:breakfast roll 5960:Gubbeen cheese 5949:Main article: 5946: 5945:Food and drink 5943: 5939:Coarse fishing 5885: 5882: 5833:2006 Ryder Cup 5769: 5766: 5725:Main article: 5722: 5719: 5571:Paul O'Connell 5463: 5460: 5387:Main article: 5384: 5381: 5286:Bell's Theorem 5223:induction coil 5211:Tyndall effect 5160: 5157: 5127:An Taibhdhearc 5113:Main article: 5110: 5107: 5065:Art of Ireland 5060: 5057: 5055:among others. 4988:the Chieftains 4910: 4907: 4837:Samuel Beckett 4778:Jonathan Swift 4739:Gaelic revival 4687:Main article: 4684: 4681: 4668: 4665: 4617:Celtic nations 4579: 4576: 4494:Gaelic Revival 4438:Main article: 4435: 4432: 4413:Irish diaspora 4404: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4129: 4128: 4113:Butler dynasty 4090:Roman Catholic 4067:no longer used 4007:four provinces 3993: 3992: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3959: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3903: 3900: 3690:aithechthúatha 3562: 3559: 3531: 3528: 3520:Boreal Kingdom 3483:Ulex europaeus 3473:Ulex europaeus 3395:trees such as 3351:apex predators 3327:Cervus elaphus 3241: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3028: 2966:Main article: 2963: 2960: 2880:County Wexford 2848:County Donegal 2825:Main article: 2822: 2819: 2716:Main article: 2713: 2710: 2657: 2654: 2606:, seat of the 2589:Main article: 2586: 2583: 2563:GDP per capita 2532:Seanad Éireann 2472:Main article: 2469: 2466: 2425: 2422: 2362:united Ireland 2338:gerrymandering 2276: 2273: 2256:European Union 2254:. In addition 2213:, but offered 2185:Irish counties 2158: 2155: 2115:Main article: 2112: 2109: 2089:Irish Republic 2038:and supported 2023:Home Rule Bill 1942:County Leitrim 1855:Main article: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1820:Battle of Naas 1817: 1765:Main article: 1762: 1761:1798 Rebellion 1759: 1743:famine of 1740 1669:Williamite War 1605:Main article: 1602: 1599: 1561: 1558: 1498:In 1172, Pope 1478:Synod of Kells 1415:County Wexford 1397:, the largest 1362: 1359: 1090:Main article: 1087: 1084: 993:Beaker culture 983: 980: 860:Main article: 857: 854: 849:Main article: 846: 843: 803: 800: 772:Irish language 746:European Union 718:United Kingdom 690:Tudor conquest 661:Gaelic Ireland 627:United Kingdom 482: 481: 479: 478: 471: 470: 465: 459: 456: 454: 444: 443: 441: 440: 429: 427: 421: 420: 416: 415: 413: 412: 409: 402: 396: 390: 384: 377: 375: 371: 370: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 302: 298: 297: 293: 292: 286: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 266:United Kingdom 264: 261: 260: 254: 250: 249: 242: 239: 238: 237:Administration 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 204: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 188:Atlantic Ocean 186: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 120: 119: 104: 103: 95: 94: 92:, October 2010 88: 80: 79: 76: 75: 59: 43: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19468: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19446:British Isles 19444: 19442: 19439: 19438: 19436: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19358: 19356: 19352: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19323: 19321: 19317: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19287: 19285: 19283: 19279: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19249: 19247: 19245: 19241: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19226: 19224: 19222: 19218: 19215: 19211: 19208: 19204: 19194: 19191: 19189: 19186: 19184: 19181: 19179: 19176: 19172: 19169: 19168: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19158: 19156: 19154:Former states 19152: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19136: 19133: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19110: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19100: 19098: 19094: 19088: 19085: 19084: 19082: 19080:Island groups 19078: 19075: 19072: 19067: 19063: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19037: 19036: 19033: 19031: 19028: 19026: 19023: 19021: 19018: 19016: 19013: 19012: 19010: 19006: 19000: 18997: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18984: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18957: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18950:Great Britain 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18937: 18935: 18933:Island groups 18931: 18928: 18924: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18890: 18888: 18884: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18864: 18862: 18860: 18856: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18817: 18813: 18810: 18806: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18764: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18754: 18751: 18747: 18746:British Isles 18740: 18735: 18733: 18728: 18726: 18721: 18720: 18717: 18704: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18694: 18691: 18681: 18680:– in Portugal 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18660:– in Galician 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18637: 18634: 18627: 18623: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18569: 18567: 18565: 18561: 18555: 18552: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18540: 18538: 18536: 18532: 18528: 18524: 18519: 18515: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18478: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18406: 18404: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18391: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18371: 18369: 18367: 18363: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18343: 18341: 18339: 18335: 18329: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18315: 18313: 18311: 18307: 18303: 18298: 18294: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18258:Celtic League 18256: 18255: 18253: 18251: 18250:Pan-Celticism 18247: 18241: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18218: 18216: 18212: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18186: 18178: 18175: 18174: 18173: 18170: 18166: 18163: 18162: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18139: 18136: 18135: 18134: 18131: 18127: 18126:reunification 18124: 18122: 18119: 18118: 18117: 18114: 18113: 18111: 18107: 18100: 18096: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18041: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18016: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17999: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17989: 17987: 17983: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17945: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17914: 17911: 17910: 17909: 17906: 17905: 17903: 17901: 17897: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17858: 17856: 17852: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17805: 17803: 17799: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17784: 17782: 17778: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17747: 17741: 17740:Triple spiral 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17684: 17681: 17680: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17668: 17666: 17662: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17621: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17559:Bardic Poetry 17557: 17555: 17552: 17551: 17549: 17547: 17543: 17539: 17532: 17528: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17496: 17494: 17490: 17482: 17477: 17474: 17470: 17465: 17462: 17458: 17453: 17450: 17446: 17441: 17438: 17434: 17429: 17426: 17422: 17417: 17414: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17407:Celtic League 17404: 17401: 17399: 17395: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17378: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17365: 17362: 17361: 17360: 17357: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17347:Celtic League 17345: 17343: 17340: 17339: 17338: 17337:Pan-Celticism 17335: 17333: 17330: 17328: 17325: 17324: 17321: 17317: 17312: 17308: 17298: 17295: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17237:Gaelicisation 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17212:Celticisation 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17184: 17182: 17178: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17143: 17141: 17137: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17082: 17080: 17076: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17039: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17021: 17020:Iron Age Gaul 17018: 17016: 17012: 17008: 17004: 17003:Roman Britain 17000: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16978: 16976: 16972: 16968: 16963: 16959: 16954: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16859:Irish Mexican 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16785: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16760: 16758: 16754: 16744: 16740: 16739: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16726: 16722: 16721: 16720: 16717: 16716: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16692: 16688: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16613: 16609: 16605: 16600: 16596: 16592: 16588: 16584: 16583:Celtic tribes 16580: 16576: 16572: 16568: 16563: 16559: 16555: 16548: 16543: 16541: 16536: 16534: 16529: 16528: 16525: 16515: 16514: 16501: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16481:Public houses 16479: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16404: 16400: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16356: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16342: 16338: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16283: 16281: 16279: 16275: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16219: 16215: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16203: 16199: 16197: 16196: 16192: 16190: 16189: 16185: 16183: 16182: 16178: 16176: 16175: 16171: 16169: 16168: 16164: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16141: 16140: 16137: 16136: 16134: 16132: 16128: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16105: 16102: 16101: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16084: 16082: 16080: 16076: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16054: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16037: 16035: 16031: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16002: 15998: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15943: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15926: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15916: 15914: 15912: 15908: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15864: 15862: 15858: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15768: 15764: 15760: 15755: 15751: 15737: 15736:Peace process 15734: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15694: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15666:(upper house) 15664: 15660: 15658: 15656:(lower house) 15654: 15650: 15649: 15648: 15644: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15626: 15623: 15622: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15595: 15593: 15589: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15572:Republicanism 15570: 15568: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15545: 15541: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15462: 15461: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15451: 15445: 15441: 15438: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15379: 15375: 15371: 15366: 15362: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15313: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15286:Peace process 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15266:The Emergency 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15246:Easter Rising 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15231:Fenian Rising 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15115: 15111: 15108: 15107: 15105: 15101: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15083: 15080: 15079: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15055: 15052: 15051: 15050: 15047: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15034: 15033: 15030: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15016: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006:Early history 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14977: 14972: 14968: 14962: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14948: 14947: 14944: 14940: 14937: 14930: 14925: 14923: 14918: 14916: 14911: 14910: 14907: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14883: 14882: 14871: 14865: 14861: 14857: 14852: 14840: 14836: 14830: 14826: 14822: 14821: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14795: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14776: 14770: 14758: 14754: 14748: 14744: 14743: 14737: 14732: 14720: 14716: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14701: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14669: 14667: 14663: 14660: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14642: 14638: 14634: 14633:Penguin Books 14629: 14628: 14622: 14618: 14615: 14611: 14599: 14595: 14589: 14585: 14584: 14578: 14574: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14539: 14535: 14530: 14527: 14523: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14492: 14486: 14483: 14479: 14475: 14469: 14465: 14461: 14456: 14453: 14449: 14445: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14426: 14420: 14419: 14394: 14387: 14381: 14362: 14355: 14349: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14325: 14318: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14276: 14272: 14268: 14262: 14246: 14242: 14238: 14232: 14216: 14212: 14206: 14190: 14186: 14180: 14164: 14160: 14156: 14150: 14134: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14118: 14102: 14098: 14092: 14076: 14072: 14068: 14061: 14045: 14041: 14037: 14031: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14017: 14013: 14009: 14006: 14000: 13984: 13980: 13976: 13970: 13954: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13933: 13921: 13917: 13916: 13908: 13901: 13889: 13885: 13879: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13863: 13847: 13843: 13837: 13821: 13817: 13811: 13792: 13785: 13779: 13777: 13760: 13756: 13752: 13746: 13744: 13742: 13725: 13721: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13691: 13684: 13678: 13662: 13658: 13652: 13650: 13648: 13646: 13629: 13625: 13621: 13615: 13613: 13596: 13592: 13586: 13582: 13581: 13573: 13557: 13553: 13546: 13544: 13535: 13529: 13525: 13518: 13502: 13498: 13494: 13487: 13479: 13477:9780415070911 13473: 13469: 13462: 13454: 13448: 13444: 13440: 13439: 13431: 13423: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13400: 13392: 13386: 13382: 13378: 13377: 13369: 13361: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13346: 13338: 13329: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13296: 13289: 13281: 13274: 13266: 13260: 13256: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13222: 13218: 13212: 13196: 13192: 13186: 13170: 13166: 13162: 13155: 13139: 13135: 13129: 13113: 13109: 13105: 13099: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13065: 13049: 13045: 13039: 13023: 13019: 13015: 13009: 12993: 12989: 12985: 12979: 12963: 12959: 12953: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12860: 12854: 12838: 12833: 12832: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12800: 12796: 12790: 12774: 12770: 12764: 12748: 12744: 12740: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12722: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12698: 12682: 12678: 12672: 12656: 12652: 12648: 12641: 12625: 12621: 12615: 12596: 12589: 12583: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12553: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12523: 12504: 12497: 12491: 12489: 12480: 12468: 12452: 12448: 12446:9789280534320 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12429: 12421: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12375: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12345: 12341: 12335: 12316: 12312: 12311: 12310:Physics World 12306: 12299: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12219: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12204: 12196: 12180: 12176: 12170: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12138: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12099: 12091: 12085: 12081: 12074: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12049: 12042: 12036: 12029: 12028:0-7524-3129-3 12025: 12021: 12015: 12007: 12000: 11984: 11980: 11974: 11958: 11954: 11948: 11940: 11934: 11930: 11929: 11921: 11905: 11901: 11895: 11879: 11875: 11871: 11865: 11857: 11851: 11847: 11840: 11824: 11819: 11818: 11812: 11808: 11802: 11786: 11782: 11781: 11776: 11769: 11750: 11746: 11739: 11733: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11698: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11677: 11661: 11657: 11656: 11651: 11644: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11614: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11583: 11567: 11563: 11562: 11557: 11551: 11535: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11518: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11488: 11487: 11479: 11463: 11459: 11458: 11453: 11449: 11443: 11427: 11423: 11422: 11417: 11410: 11401: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11359: 11356: 11350: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11320: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11290: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11260: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11230: 11222: 11216: 11212: 11205: 11189: 11185: 11178: 11162: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11145: 11143: 11134: 11133: 11118: 11113: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11100: 11094: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11064: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11015: 11011: 11004: 10998: 10982: 10978: 10972: 10964: 10957: 10949: 10942: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10911: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10893: 10888: 10873: 10869: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10847: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10821: 10815: 10796: 10789: 10782: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10752: 10745: 10739: 10723: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10706: 10690: 10686: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10659: 10654: 10647: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10617: 10611: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10559: 10555: 10554: 10549: 10543: 10535: 10529: 10525: 10518: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10457: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10408: 10404: 10397: 10391: 10375: 10371: 10367: 10361: 10345: 10341: 10335: 10327: 10320: 10304: 10300: 10296: 10290: 10288: 10280: 10267: 10263: 10262: 10257: 10251: 10244: 10232: 10228: 10222: 10206: 10202: 10201: 10196: 10190: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10141: 10134: 10133: 10125: 10114: 10108: 10100: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10018: 10014: 10008: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9941: 9935: 9931: 9929: 9919: 9911: 9905: 9901: 9899: 9889: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9847: 9843: 9841:0-10-103802-X 9837: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9821: 9813: 9801: 9797: 9795:0-7190-0919-7 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9772: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9730: 9724: 9708: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9678: 9671: 9665: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9630: 9623: 9615: 9609: 9605: 9598: 9590: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9575: 9567: 9559: 9553: 9549: 9542: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9510: 9506: 9499: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9456: 9450: 9446: 9439: 9423: 9420:(38): 34–36. 9419: 9415: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9395: 9389: 9385: 9378: 9376: 9367: 9361: 9357: 9350: 9334: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9317: 9301: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9284: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9254: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9216: 9209: 9201: 9194: 9186: 9180: 9176: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9139: 9138: 9130: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9100: 9092: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9073: 9064: 9058: 9054: 9047: 9045: 9036: 9030: 9026: 9021: 9015: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8995: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8918: 8912: 8908: 8901: 8899: 8891: 8887: 8881: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8775: 8771: 8764: 8758: 8750: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8725: 8719: 8715: 8708: 8700: 8694: 8686: 8681: 8674: 8666: 8660: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8635: 8631: 8624: 8616: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8601: 8593: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8511: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8486: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8465: 8449: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8433: 8425: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8406: 8398: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8379: 8370: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8341: 8340: 8334: 8326: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8290: 8284: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8230: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8197: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8125: 8117: 8110: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8067: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8028: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7974: 7967: 7966: 7958: 7947: 7940: 7939: 7931: 7922: 7913: 7906: 7901: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7866: 7859: 7844: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7825: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7740: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7717: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7670: 7666: 7665:Ireland's DNA 7659: 7653: 7651: 7642: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7563: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7517: 7513: 7510:Lane, Megan. 7506: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7486: 7484: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7422: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7313: 7305: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7285: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7260: 7258: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7232: 7230: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7168: 7164: 7163:"2021 Census" 7159: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7130: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7093: 7074: 7067: 7061: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7015: 7011: 7005: 6986: 6982: 6975: 6969: 6961: 6955: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6811: 6809: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6775: 6770: 6757: 6751: 6749: 6741: 6735: 6726: 6722: 6714: 6712: 6711:Turlough Hill 6708: 6707:wind turbines 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6687: 6685: 6680: 6676: 6668: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6594:Castle Leslie 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6554:Stately homes 6551: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6493: 6491: 6490:Mount Stewart 6487: 6482: 6481: 6480:Brú na Bóinne 6475: 6469: 6451: 6447: 6444: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6360: 6353: 6340:£3.1 billion 6339: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6329:£2.5 billion 6328: 6326:£13.4 billion 6325: 6322: 6321: 6311: 6299:£5.2 billion 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6288:£4.2 billion 6287: 6285:£11.3 billion 6284: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6263: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6088:Scotch whisky 6085: 6080: 6078: 6077:Irish whiskey 6073: 6069: 6061: 6056: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6043:in Dublin or 6042: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5984:black pudding 5981: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5957: 5952: 5951:Irish cuisine 5942: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5874:Darren Clarke 5871: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5711:Triple Crowns 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5342:Fermat number 5339: 5335: 5334:number theory 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5318:Edgeworth Box 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5266:Joseph Larmor 5263: 5259: 5255: 5254:wave equation 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242:Ernest Walton 5239: 5234: 5232: 5231:galvanisation 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5121:Abbey Theatre 5116: 5115:Irish theatre 5106: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5083:William Orpen 5080: 5076: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5012:Christy Moore 5007: 5001: 5000:Sweeney's Men 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4984:the Dubliners 4980: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4958:Christ Church 4955: 4951: 4950:Dublin Castle 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4916: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4879: 4878:John McGahern 4874: 4871: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4841:Seamus Heaney 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4678: 4677:Book of Kells 4673: 4664: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605:Anglicisation 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4535: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4498: 4497:instruction. 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4441: 4431: 4428: 4424: 4422: 4421:Polish people 4417: 4414: 4409: 4399: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4179: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4146: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4078:royal charter 4075: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4021:(south), and 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3987: 3971: 3955: 3939: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3818: 3811: 3810: 3803: 3802: 3795: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3770: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3746: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3714: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3677: 3676: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3629: 3628: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3589: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3431:, as well as 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3362:common lizard 3358: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3344:plantations, 3343: 3339: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3268:Vulpes vulpes 3265: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906:Carboniferous 2903: 2900: 2899:metamorphosed 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862:and south to 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807:River Shannon 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787:Carrauntoohil 2783: 2781: 2777: 2775: 2774:British Isles 2769: 2768:British Isles 2765: 2761: 2757: 2756:North Channel 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2724: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:UK government 2627: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2549: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500:based on the 2499: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2309:Edward Carson 2306: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 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Koch 985: 968:metalworking 949: 933:field system 923:Céide Fields 917:carbon-dated 913:County Kerry 895: 888: 884:County Clare 865: 834: 820: 816:derive from 807: 805: 788:horse racing 764:Gaelic games 750: 659: 639: 617:(officially 560:Ulster-Scots 486: 485: 356:Ulster Scots 327:Pop. density 296:Demographics 285:Largest city 253:Largest city 243: 110: 71:Ulster Scots 61: 33: 19300:Guernésiais 19145:Isle of Man 19030:Isle of Man 18977:Isle of Man 18877:Isle of Man 18762:Terminology 18612:Trimarcisia 18597:Gallóglaigh 18426:Celtiberian 18150:Isle of Man 18109:Nationalism 17998:Bataireacht 17917:Calan Gaeaf 17876:Isle of Man 17720:Leaf-crowns 17710:Insular art 17683:Dragonesque 17645:Isle of Man 17499:Nova Scotia 17452:Isle of Man 17376:Neopaganism 17125:Monasticism 16636:Caledonians 16454:Place names 16331:Rugby union 16226:Anglo-Irish 16111:Instruments 15967:The Twelfth 15931:Set dancing 15731:LGBT rights 15637:LGBT rights 15567:Nationalism 15133:Black Death 14675:. 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The 5310:quaternions 5258:Lord Kelvin 5227:transformer 5200:Boyle's law 5153:Billy Roche 5141:Brian Friel 5103:Alice Maher 5095:Sean Scully 4919:Irish dance 4902:James Joyce 4845:James Joyce 4818:Oscar Wilde 4735: 1800 4731: 1743 4621:Isle of Man 4532:areas near 4158:Settlement 4097:city status 4074:legislative 3896:Irish Times 3857:, English, 3833:Uí Liatháin 3518:within the 3453:plantations 3435:trees such 3386:extirpation 3308:pine marten 3225:Met Éireann 3018:, 2013 and 2922:Silvermines 2699:all-Ireland 2644:Along with 2538:upper house 2442:open border 2377:direct rule 2127:Second Dáil 1973:Robert Peel 1938:1841 census 1739:Great Frost 1685:West Indies 1636:, the then 1576:passed the 1566:Black Death 1530:Magna Carta 1493:plantations 1391:Trim Castle 1214:Brehon Laws 1156:in contrast 1114:Greco-Roman 1080:David Reich 880:land bridge 878:(but not a 866:During the 776:Irish dance 768:Irish music 650:Middle Ages 184:Adjacent to 173:Archipelago 160: / 136:Coordinates 19435:Categories 19310:Sercquiais 18675:– in Italy 18577:Ceathairne 18441:Gallaecian 18071:Road bowls 17976:Eisteddfod 17944:Calan Awst 17940:Lughnasadh 17546:Literature 17409:definition 17232:Clan chief 17024:Roman Gaul 17015:Hen Ogledd 16741:including 16723:including 16355:Cláirseach 16258:Travellers 16116:Rock music 16099:Folk music 16034:Literature 15836:Soda bread 15719:Government 15646:parliament 15643:Oireachtas 15620:Government 15560:Ideologies 15191:Penal Laws 15082:since 1922 14996:Prehistory 14845:26 October 14782:. p. 14763:26 October 14725:26 October 14635:. p. 14604:26 October 14536:. Dublin: 14516:26 October 14462:. Munich: 14432:. p. 14428:. London: 14370:20 October 14195:13 January 14050:22 October 13699:28 October 13634:9 February 13497:GlobalPost 13088:8 November 13054:8 November 12779:13 October 12715:25 January 12604:15 October 12542:24 January 12512:21 October 12457:23 October 12370:Science.ie 11963:23 January 11910:20 October 11884:9 November 11712:Irish News 11595:. London. 11572:9 December 11468:9 November 11390:31 January 11279:15 October 11249:23 January 11083:4 December 10804:28 October 10728:2 November 10636:5 November 10616:"Rainfall" 10564:27 January 10477:5 November 10446:9 November 10416:5 November 10380:5 November 10264:. London. 10237:9 December 9997:15 October 9878:23 October 9852:23 October 9654:26 October 9515:8 November 9476:(2): 322. 9428:13 October 9339:8 November 9243:8 November 9158:26 October 8967:23 January 8941:8 November 8680:Ó Clabaigh 8582:8 November 8574:. London. 8454:26 October 8357:. Dublin: 8315:. p. 8186:17 October 8099:26 October 7848:28 October 7727:. Oxford: 7705:23 October 7440:(1–2): 1. 7373:26 October 7218:29 January 7020:17 January 6885:2 November 6765:References 6699:wind power 6667:Maam Cross 6640:Ballyclare 6566:neo-Gothic 6426:emigration 6172:See also: 6102:, such as 5996:Irish stew 5972:white meat 5912:Malin Head 5884:Recreation 5853:Carnoustie 5837:The K Club 5764:Olympics. 5715:Grand Slam 5590:finals in 5512:Croke Park 5393:See also: 5326:Adam Smith 5238:physicists 5087:Jack Yeats 5053:the Pogues 5024:Thin Lizzy 4946:Irish harp 4938:suantraige 4934:geantraige 4733: – c. 4683:Literature 4661:Irish pubs 4217:1,458,154 3877:Protestant 3777:Gamanraige 3729:Dartraighe 3683:Eóganachta 3675:Ciannachta 3524:ecoregions 3508:palm trees 3486:), a wild 3437:Scots pine 3374:brown bear 3300:Irish hare 3222:Source 1: 3006:at inland 2910:the Burren 2891:Bantry Bay 2884:intrusives 2868:Ordovician 2852:Caledonide 2838:of Ireland 2836:Topography 2760:Celtic Sea 2542:government 2514:Oireachtas 1889:'s failed 1714:Penal Laws 1634:Henry VIII 1570:Gaelicised 1461:Papal Bull 1401:in Ireland 1379:See also: 1210:Viking Age 962:, brewing 952:Bronze Age 891:Mesolithic 876:ice bridge 806:The names 756:literature 706:dissenters 309:Population 148:07°30′11″W 145:53°26′58″N 19290:Auregnais 18926:Geography 18607:Redshanks 18582:Ceithearn 18310:Brittonic 18302:Languages 17935:Calan Mai 17926:Gŵyl Fair 17900:Festivals 17715:Interlace 17139:Mythology 17047:Gallaecia 16661:Galatians 16486:Squatting 16202:Fomorians 16131:Mythology 16001:Languages 15986:Halloween 15962:Bealtaine 15945:Festivals 15936:Stepdance 15841:Spice Bag 15826:Irish fry 15816:Colcannon 15791:Barmbrack 15714:Education 15672:President 15610:Education 15526:Transport 15501:Provinces 15423:Mountains 15398:Coastline 15370:Geography 15261:Civil War 15216:Tithe War 14673:The Celts 14271:Bord Gáis 14081:1 January 13989:30 August 13959:30 August 13926:17 August 13894:17 August 13755:Europa.eu 13319:1758-1095 13144:14 August 12998:16 August 12909:14 August 12863:RTÉ Sport 12753:4 October 12661:14 August 12630:3 October 12477:ignored ( 12467:cite book 12350:30 August 12257:30 August 12185:4 October 12068:, p. 659. 12056:, ed. by 11989:4 October 11758:6 October 11339:17 August 11023:1 January 10931:1 January 10878:30 August 10836:30 August 10771:15 August 10507:30 August 10053:29 August 9964:4 January 9928:Sinn Féin 9898:Sinn Féin 9761:30 August 9748:1649-6728 9685:pp 37–66. 9632:. Paris: 8848:25 August 8549:15 August 8176:163531116 8162:: 57–59. 7801:1578-5386 7462:128396341 7118:30 August 7082:7 October 7050:7 October 6934:128982465 6851:2212-6821 6697:(such as 6558:Palladian 6544:Connemara 6450:Corn Laws 6008:colcannon 5937:fishery. 5919:coastline 5910:being in 5866:U.S. Open 5845:Fred Daly 5588:World Cup 5579:Argentina 5541:Irish Cup 5350:John Nash 5344:in 2003. 5324:inspired 5280:in 1891. 5037:the Corrs 4930:goltraige 4891:Gaeltacht 4859:Bloomsday 4627:interlace 4534:Dungarvan 4529:Gaeltacht 4523:Gaeltacht 4516:Gaeltacht 4505:Gaelscoil 4483:Old Norse 4470:Old Irish 4434:Languages 4403:Migration 4381:Waterford 4214:1,263,219 4099:by Queen 4059:Tipperary 4055:Waterford 3801:Partraige 3793:Múscraige 3761:Fortuatha 3721:Conmaicne 3713:Cíarraige 3705:Cálraighe 3697:Attacotti 3667:Connachta 3627:Deirgtine 3611:Dál Riata 3433:evergreen 3393:deciduous 3370:great auk 3366:Irish elk 3264:red foxes 3001:0 °C 2982:temperate 2772:the term 2752:Irish Sea 2712:Geography 2615:executive 2548:Taoiseach 2518:bicameral 2510:president 2504:, with a 2393:Executive 2326:sectarian 2317:Home Rule 2297:in 1941. 2111:Partition 2081:Sinn Féin 2004:Home Rule 1977:George IV 1800:rebellion 1710:Jacobites 1708:over the 1640:, of the 1470:Adrian IV 1355:Waterford 1255:Dark Ages 1230:Palladius 1183:Newgrange 1167:Latinised 1141:Geography 1063:Milesians 1023:Neolithic 905:cultivars 898:Neolithic 818:Old Irish 802:Etymology 714:a part of 591:Irish Sea 425:Time zone 335:Languages 211:Coastline 202:Area rank 123:Geography 19406:Scottish 19305:Jèrriais 19221:Germanic 19135:Guernsey 19123:Scotland 19045:Scotland 18992:Shetland 18955:Hebrides 18843:Scotland 18808:Politics 18797:Hibernia 18592:Gaesatae 18483:dialects 18446:Lepontic 18436:Galatian 18338:Goidelic 18188:Autonomy 18103:Politics 18056:Rounders 17908:Calendar 17881:Scotland 17866:Cornwall 17861:Brittany 17749:Clothing 17700:Knotwork 17678:Brooches 17650:Scotland 17635:Cornwall 17630:Brittany 17509:Y Wladfa 17464:Scotland 17428:Cornwall 17416:Brittany 17267:Seanchaí 17262:Tanistry 17222:Derbfine 17151:Scottish 17042:Brittany 17038:Domnonée 17034:Armorica 17029:Britonia 17011:Dumnonia 16986:Dálriata 16671:Lepontii 16666:Helvetii 16651:Gallaeci 16444:Monastic 16409:Calendar 16393:Shamrock 16388:Red Hand 16326:Rounders 15991:Wren Day 15925:Sean-nós 15877:Guinness 15821:Drisheen 15697:Assembly 15679:Taxation 15582:Unionism 15549:Politics 15482:Counties 15226:Land War 15118:Clontarf 15114:Glenmama 14988:Timeline 14839:Archived 14804:(1947). 14757:Archived 14719:Archived 14697:(2005). 14662:Archived 14623:(1988). 14598:Archived 14510:Archived 14361:Archived 14245:Archived 14221:30 March 14163:Archived 14133:Archived 14008:Archived 13983:Archived 13953:Archived 13920:Archived 13888:Archived 13852:1 August 13826:1 August 13759:Archived 13724:Archived 13661:Archived 13628:Archived 13595:Archived 13556:Archived 13554:. 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10895:Archived 10872:archived 10860:, 2011, 10858:Eurostat 10830:Archived 10722:Archived 10663:Archived 10630:Archived 10594:Archived 10471:Archived 10407:Archived 10303:Archived 10266:Archived 10140:Archived 10084:Archived 10017:Archived 9988:Archived 9958:Archived 9872:Archived 9846:Archived 9828:(1988). 9806:30 April 9800:Archived 9752:Archived 9681:Foster, 9648:Archived 9509:Archived 9490:20030588 9422:Archived 9333:Archived 9306:16 April 9267:Archived 9237:Archived 9152:Archived 9119:28 March 9023:(1989). 8961:Archived 8866:(1989). 8842:Archived 8818:23 March 8812:Archived 8774:Archived 8576:Archived 8543:Archived 8519:19 March 8510:Archived 8448:Archived 8440:(1888). 8305:(1894). 8180:Archived 8093:Archived 8056:1 August 8050:Archived 8027:15309688 7884:Archived 7805:Archived 7760:Archived 7608:Archived 7583:24 April 7577:Archived 7552:21 March 7546:Archived 7542:BBC News 7516:Archived 7494:Archived 7466:Archived 7404:Archived 7367:Archived 7326:Archived 7293:Archived 7267:Archived 7239:Archived 7209:Archived 7167:Archived 7146:Archived 7112:Archived 7073:Archived 7044:Archived 7014:Archived 6994:11 April 6985:Archived 6938:Archived 6876:Archived 6754:Part of 6644:Twynholm 6546:and the 6538:and the 6218:Southern 6130:Guinness 6112:cocktail 6096:Canadian 6092:American 6045:drisheen 5935:driftnet 5899:Bundoran 5691:Leinster 5657:and the 5636:Scottish 5602:and the 5577:against 5575:line out 5432:handball 5367:and the 5277:electron 5240:include 5016:Horslips 4761:Coiscéim 4645:Religion 4455:Iron Age 4430:crisis. 4267:Limerick 4257:305,222 4237:639,000 4194:Limerick 4109:Kilkenny 4047:Limerick 4017:(east), 4015:Leinster 4013:(west), 4011:Connacht 3954:Connacht 3938:Leinster 3881:Anglican 3859:Africans 3851:Flemings 3825:Uí Maine 3785:Mairtine 3769:Gailenga 3753:Fir Bolg 3429:hawthorn 3376:and the 3323:Red deer 3304:red deer 3292:hedgehog 2902:Devonian 2872:Silurian 2860:Longford 2815:Limerick 2803:Leinster 2764:Brittany 2754:and the 2685:and the 2619:assembly 2460:after a 2424:Politics 2345:loyalist 1934:Land War 1869:and the 1808:Connacht 1675:and the 1667:and the 1652:and the 1587:The Pale 1544:and the 1450:Henry II 1343:Limerick 1310:and the 1304:Scotland 1171:Hibernia 1147:Iouernia 1123:Almagest 972:brooches 929:Tyrawley 901:settlers 702:Catholic 128:Location 19441:Ireland 19371:English 19366:Cornish 19361:British 19282:Romance 19252:Cornish 19229:English 19206:Society 19113:England 19103:Ireland 19087:Ireland 19071:outline 19066:History 19040:England 19020:Ireland 18972:Ireland 18833:England 18824:Ireland 18787:Britain 18782:Prydain 18645:Deities 18602:Hobelar 18564:Warfare 18527:Warfare 18461:Pictish 18456:Cumbric 18431:Gaulish 18403:Extinct 18323:Cornish 18121:history 18066:Hurling 18040:Ladies' 18031:Curling 18004:Camogie 17931:Beltane 17913:Samhain 17871:Ireland 17640:Ireland 17535:Culture 17504:England 17440:Ireland 17398:Nations 17297:Coinage 17287:Warfare 17180:Society 17171:Cornish 17161:British 17069:Galatia 17059:Balkans 16967:Studies 16704:Cornish 16699:Bretons 16676:Noricum 16631:Britons 16604:Peoples 16414:Castles 16341:Symbols 16311:Hurling 16296:Camogie 16195:Firbolg 16181:Immrama 16174:Echtrai 16104:session 16087:Ballads 16064:Theatre 16053:Gaeilge 16047:Fiction 15982:Samhain 15897:Whiskey 15771:Cuisine 15759:Culture 15709:Economy 15605:Economy 15413:Islands 15388:Climate 15381:Natural 14976:History 14936:Ireland 14736:Ó Gráda 14659:excerpt 14657:(2007) 14484:(2007). 14464:Prestel 14454:(1971). 14241:EirGrid 13800:25 July 13667:20 July 13601:27 June 13562:4 April 13507:5 April 13376:Ireland 13328:1279494 12288:4 April 11123:30 July 11053:30 July 10669:21 July 10620:Climate 10584:Climate 10211:28 June 10023:22 June 9713:6 April 9014:Ó Gráda 8259:(ed.), 8046:Eupedia 8018:1182057 7678:27 June 7614:19 July 7522:19 July 7442:Bibcode 7332:31 July 7173:23 June 7152:23 June 6944:13 July 6914:Bibcode 6829:Bibcode 6679:biomass 6625:EirGrid 6462:Tourism 6424:and of 6389:$ 3010 6386:$ 2393 6378:$ 2198 6158:Economy 6148:Bulmers 6143:Magners 6104:Baileys 6036:cheeses 6032:mussels 6028:oysters 6020:cabbage 5923:angling 5890:Lahinch 5679:Munster 5632:English 5581:in 2007 5561:Ireland 5499:in the 5424:cricket 5405:hurling 5296:, from 5248:. With 5159:Science 5045:Clannad 4967:Messiah 4850:Ulysses 4578:Culture 4348:67,599 4272:102,287 4252:222,333 4232:293,298 4227:Belfast 4211:592,713 4150:Belfast 4019:Munster 3986:Munster 3843:Normans 3839:Vikings 3817:Uaithni 3809:Soghain 3635:Delbhna 3619:Dáirine 3595:Cruthin 3470:Furze ( 3457:Coillte 3355:culling 3342:conifer 3288:red fox 3217:(−2.4) 3207:(11.3) 3202:(17.1) 3192:(27.1) 3187:(31.5) 3182:(26.1) 3177:(21.9) 3172:(18.1) 3157:(−2.4) 3147:(91.9) 3142:(64.6) 3137:(68.2) 3132:(77.4) 3127:(84.4) 3122:(89.8) 3117:(91.4) 3112:(91.9) 3107:(83.1) 3102:(78.4) 3097:(74.5) 3092:(64.6) 3087:(65.3) 2990:Munster 2962:Climate 2956:Helvick 2912:around 2821:Geology 2624:Belfast 2209:during 1702:William 1683:in the 1446:Angevin 1442:Breifne 1351:Wexford 1308:England 1292:Columba 1218:brehons 1120:in his 1118:Ptolemy 1055:Priteni 1030:Tuosist 964:alcohol 845:History 808:Ireland 686:England 601:of the 565:Airlann 487:Ireland 341:English 301:Demonym 289:Belfast 274:Country 107:Ireland 64:Airlann 37:Ireland 19354:People 19341:Shelta 19295:French 19244:Celtic 19140:Jersey 18987:Orkney 18872:Jersey 18772:Albion 18640:Tribes 18587:Fianna 18374:Shelta 18318:Breton 18138:status 18076:Shinty 18051:Gouren 18015:Cnapan 18009:Cammag 17922:Imbolc 17845:Carnyx 17771:Tartan 17690:Carnyx 17457:Mannin 17433:Kernow 17421:Breizh 17291:Gaelic 17247:Fáinne 17192:Brehon 17166:Breton 17120:Druids 16974:Places 16681:Volcae 16626:Belgae 16587:· 16585: 16579:· 16577: 16571:· 16569: 16419:Cinema 16218:People 16167:Aos Sí 16154:Ulster 16149:Fenian 16139:Cycles 16069:Triads 16059:Poetry 16042:Annals 16019:Shelta 15972:Lúnasa 15952:Imbolc 15887:Poitín 15867:Coffee 15860:Drinks 15811:Coddle 15477:Cities 15428:Rivers 15418:Loughs 15103:Events 14961:topics 14953:topics 14939:topics 14866: 14831: 14790: 14749: 14711: 14683: 14643: 14590: 14569: 14544: 14502: 14470: 14440: 14281:27 May 13880: 13765:10 May 13730:4 July 13587: 13530: 13474: 13449: 13418: 13407:Dublin 13387: 13356: 13325: 13317: 13261: 13028:28 May 12805:28 May 12572:8 June 12443: 12214: 12159:28 May 12113: 12086: 12064: 12026: 11935: 11852: 11745:CSO.ie 11493: 11217: 11194:7 June 11132:Seanad 10864: 10530: 10350:30 May 10309:30 May 10272:2 June 9936: 9906: 9838: 9792: 9746: 9736:CSO.ie 9640: 9610: 9585: 9554: 9488: 9451: 9390: 9362: 9181: 9144: 9087: 9059: 9031: 9020:Cormac 8990: 8913: 8882: 8745: 8720: 8661: 8636: 8611: 8481: 8420: 8393: 8365: 8174: 8168:296171 8166: 8085: 8025: 8015: 7839: 7814:17 May 7799: 7769:27 May 7735: 7637: 7460: 7359: 7349:"Ériu" 6932: 6849: 6638:, and 6604:Energy 6503:, the 6499:, the 6416:, and 6375:$ 1459 6041:coddle 5980:Maasai 5927:salmon 5780:, and 5721:Boxing 5689:) and 5671:Ulster 5493:Tyrone 5482:, and 5436:hockey 5420:boxing 5383:Sports 5298:Lurgan 5262:kelvin 5133:Galway 5101:, and 4994:, the 4977:Irish 4962:Handel 4625:Irish 4570:, and 4560:Shelta 4487:French 4386:60,079 4367:64,596 4362:Bangor 4329:72,301 4310:85,279 4291:85,910 4286:Galway 4206:Dublin 4139:Dublin 4086:Armagh 4051:Galway 4039:Dublin 4035:Ulster 4023:Ulster 3970:Ulster 3914:, and 3886:. 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