Anti-Polish sentiment

3503: 2640: 3043: 2124: 3449:, which suggests that "Polish jokes" did not originate in Nazi Germany but much earlier, as an outgrowth of regional jokes rooted in "social class differences reaching back to the nineteenth century." According to Davies, American versions of Polish jokes are an unrelated "purely American phenomenon" and do not express the "historical Old World hatreds of the Germans for the Poles. However, Hollywood in the 1960s and 1970s imported the subhuman-intelligence jokes about Poles from old Nazi propaganda." 2324: 8779: 2502: 11521: 9566: 3961: 2823: 9586: 8767: 2025: 42: 2699: 3160:. Reviewers have often noted that Hoggan seems to have an obsessive hostility towards the Poles. His claims included that the Polish government treated Poland's German minority far worse than the German government under Adolf Hitler treated its Jewish minority. In 1964, much controversy was created when two German right-wing extremist groups awarded Hoggan prizes. In the 1980s, the German philosopher and historian 11531: 9576: 3947:." Fox later apologised on 20 November 2007. It vowed never to broadcast the line of dialogue again either in repeats and/or syndicated broadcasts. Fox stated that, "The line was delivered by a character who is known for being ignorant, clueless, and saying outlandish things. Allowing the line to remain in the show, however, demonstrated poor judgment, and we apologise to anyone who was offended." 2487:. Swedish invaders, joined force with Russian invaders in the east, together destroyed Poland and took away many of the Polish national treasures, as well as committing atrocities against Poles. The Poles were treated very brutally by Swedes, and as a result, Poland lost its wealth and was reduced in its development. Similar to Russia, Sweden hailed the destruction of Poland as a national triumph. 2995:, to the Polish troops under his command. Poland's relationship with the USSR during World War II was complicated. The main western Allies, the United States and the United Kingdom, understood the importance of the Soviet Union in defeating Germany, to the point of refusing to condemn Soviet propaganda which vilified their Polish ally. The western Allies were even willing to help cover up the 3017: 5707:"Nazi propagandists convinced some Germans that the invasion of Poland and subsequent occupation policies were justified. For many others, the propaganda reinforced deep-seated anti-Polish sentiment. German soldiers who served in Poland after the invasion wrote letters home, reflecting support for German military intervention to defend ethnic Germans." 2426:" of Canada. In his all-encompassing anti-Polish campaign, even the nobility of Polish background living in Prussia were obliged to pay higher taxes than those of German heritage. Polish monasteries were viewed as "lairs of idleness" and their property often seized by Prussian authorities. The prevalent Catholicism among Poles was stigmatised. The 2404:" (1793 racist diatribe by J.C. Schulz republished by the Nazis in 1941). Prussian officials, eager to secure Polish partition, encouraged the view that the Poles were culturally inferior and in need of Prussian tutelage. Such racist texts, originally published from the 18th century onwards, were republished by the 8378:"In my capacity as president of the Polish Republic – Kwaśniewski said in an official statement – I address, to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, an appeal calling on the Russian authorities to undertake energetic action to identify and punish the organizers and perpetrators of the assaults." 3356:", alleging (as hearsay) that about 40 Jews were killed by a group of Polish insurgents during the 1944 Uprising. Unlike the book (later reprinted with factual corrections), the actual review by Cichy elicited protests, while selected fragments of his article were confirmed by three Polish historians. Prof. 4498:

wzrastający w świecie antypolonizm ma to samo źródło co antysemityzm: niechęć do ludzi słabych, chronicznie przez los upośledzonych, ludzi słabych rozpiętością między nadzieją jednostek a nędzą masy, ludzi żyjących w rozproszeniu, ciągle walczących o swą ojczyznę... Mamy więc antypolonizm zażenowany,

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to call on the Russian Government to stop them. An employee with the Polish embassy in Moscow was hospitalised in serious condition after being assaulted in broad daylight near the embassy by unidentified men. Three days later, another Polish diplomat was beaten up near the embassy. The following day

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by a 65-year-old Israeli architect, Arik Lederman, who was arrested following the assault. Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Emmanuel Nahshon said: "We express our fullest sympathy to the ambassador and our shock at the attack," while the suspect apologized and said he had been provoked earlier by a

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in his controversial and widely criticized speech delivered on 26 August 1989 (and retracted in 1991) argued that the outbursts of antisemitism are a "legitimate form of national self-defence against Jewish anti-Polonism." He "asked Jews who 'have great power over the mass media in many countries' to

3593:" whose reporters "won't dare refer to controversial immigration from other countries." Kawczynski voiced his criticism of the BBC in the House of Commons for "using the Polish community as a cat's paw to try to tackle the thorny issue of mass, unchecked immigration" only because against Poles "it's 3477:

has resulted in a number of complaints by the Polonia in the US. The "Polish jokes" heard in the 1970s were particularly offensive, so much so that the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs approached the U.S. State Department about that, however unsuccessfully. The syndrome receded only after Cardinal

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organizations have made continuous effort to challenge the negative stereotyping of the Polish people once prevalent in American media. The Polish American Guardian Society has argued that NBC-TV used the tremendous power of TV to introduce and push subhuman intelligence jokes about Poles (that were

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in considerable numbers, fleeing mass persecution at home. They were taking the only jobs available to them, usually requiring physical labor. The same ethnic and job-related stereotypes persisted even as Polish Americans joined the middle class in the mid-20th century. "The constant derision, often

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suppressed them on Polish lands by force. The Russian anti-Polish campaign, which included confiscation of Polish nobles' property, was waged in the areas of education, religion as well as language. Polish schools and universities were closed in a stepped-up campaign of russification. In addition to

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washing their hands of everything. This silence can no longer be tolerated. Whatever the incentives - it is despicable. Whoever is silent in the face of murder - becomes the murderer's accomplice. Who does not condemn - allows. ...our feelings towards the Jews have not changed. We continue to think

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described Poles, as animals (wolves), that "one shoots if one can" and implemented several harsh laws aimed at their expulsion from traditionally Polish lands. The Polish language was banned from public use, and ethnically Polish children punished at school for speaking Polish. Poles were subjected

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said: "We are meant to be friendly towards the newest members of the European Union. But the truth is that several of these "emerging democracies" have reverted to a brand of ultra-nationalistic politics that would repel most voters in western Europe. It exists in Poland". In response to the above

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stated in its 30 January 2005, press release: "This is not a mere semantic matter. Historical integrity and accuracy hang in the balance.... Any misrepresentation of Poland's role in the Second World War, whether intentional or accidental, would be most regrettable and therefore should not be left

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claimed that in 1939 Poland was engaged in a campaign of genocide against its ethnic German minority, and has strongly implied that the German invasion in 1939, and all of the subsequent German atrocities in Poland during World War II were in essence justified acts of retaliation. Critics, such as

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The growing anti-Polonism in the world has the same source as antisemitism: aversion to weak people, chronically handicapped by the fate of the handicapped, weak people by the difference between the hope of individuals and the poverty of the masses, people living scattered, constantly fighting for

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In February 2012, Geert Wilders's Freedom Party launched a "hotline" to collect complaints about Poles and other Eastern Europeans. The website caused criticism from politicians for being "anti-Polish". The Polish embassy in the Netherlands requested the Dutch government to shut down the website.

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said, "Poles collaborated with the Nazis, definitely. Collaborated with the Nazis. As (former Israeli Prime Minister) Yitzhak Shamir said — his father was murdered by Poles — he said that from his point of view they sucked anti-Semitism with their mothers' milk. You can't sugarcoat this history."

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In Britain after 1945, the British populace accepted the Polish servicemen who chose not to return to a Poland ruled by the communist regime in their decision to stay on in Britain. The Poles resident in Britain served under British command during the war, but as soon as the Soviets began to make

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asserted that (at the time of the writing of the book) there were "no Ukrainian organizations and press organs that specialize in anti-Polish propaganda". However different interpretations of these bitter World War II events have led to a sharp deterioration of the relations between the nations

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The ambassador, Tuge-Erecinska, explained that the article was "unsupported by any basic historic or geographic knowledge," and that "the issue of Polish-Jewish relations has been unfairly and deeply falsified" by Coren's "aggressive remarks" and "contempt". Coren reacted by telling

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as the largest foreign-born country of origin in 2015 (831,000 Poles to 795,000 Indian-born persons). Anti-Polish sentiment in the UK is often related to the issue of immigration. There have been some instances of anti-Polish sentiment and hostility towards Polish immigrants. The

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that "almost all Poles react very sharply when confronted with the charge that Poles get their anti-Semitism 'with their mothers' milk'." Such verbal attacks – according to Michnik – are interpreted by anti-Semites as "proof of the international anti-Polish Jewish conspiracy".

3325:. In her view, the charge is "not limited to arguments that can objectively be classified as anti-Polish—such as equating the Poles with the Nazis—but rather applied to any critical inquiry into the collective past. Moreover, anti-Polonism is equated with anti-Semitism." 4831:

Frederick's own views... were expressed in unflattering New World parallels. They were like: "Iroquois... a barbarous people sunk in ignorance and stupidity" (note the metaphorical undertones of the French verb "croupir" -sunk in, wallowing in, stagnating). Page 8 of

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publicly disseminated through the mass media, caused serious identity crises, feeling of inadequacy, and low self-esteem for many Polish Americans." In spite of the plight of Polish people under Cold War communism, negative stereotypes about Polish Americans endured.

7426: 2264:. Historic actions inspired by anti-Polonism ranged from felonious acts motivated by hatred, to physical extermination of the Polish nation, the goal of which was to eradicate the Polish state. During World War II, when most of Polish society became the object of 3033:

of them as Poland's political, ideological and economic enemies. What's more, we are aware that they hate us more than they hate the Germans, that they think us responsible for their tragedy. Why, on what ground - that remains a mystery of the Jewish soul."

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In October 1939, Directive No.1306 of Nazi Germany's Propaganda Ministry stated: "It must be made clear even to the German milkmaid that Polishness equals subhumanity. Poles, Jews and Gypsies are on the same inferior level... This should be brought home as a

3774:. Fry has since posted an apology on his personal weblog, in which he stated: "It was a rubbishy, cheap and offensive remark that I have been regretting ever since... I take this opportunity to apologize now." On 30 October 2009, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, 2718:) for a situation of hopeless muddle. Weinberg noted that in the 1920s–30s, leading German politicians refused to accept Poland as a legitimate nation, and hoped instead to partition Poland, probably with the help of the Soviet Union. The British historian 2375:

a Christian convert, ought to be murdered. The assertion that Poles were heretical was largely politically motivated as the Teutonic Order desired to conquer Polish lands despite Christianity having become the dominant religion in Poland centuries prior.

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alleged that: "the second world war narrative has been distorted since independence and the transition to democracy to make it more palatable to their electorate and to minimize the role of local collaborators in Holocaust crimes." On 20 October 2009,

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expressed his concerns with appointment to high Ukrainian offices of people expressing nationalistic anti-Polish views. The Ukrainian foreign ministry stated that there is no general anti-Polish sentiment in Ukraine. In 2017, Polish Foreign Minister

2494:, creating chaos and prevented reforms, as by Russian accords, was against the ideal of Imperial Russia's future plan to partition Poland. Russia often sent troops and carried out atrocities on Polish civilians. When Poland adopted its first ever 2237:

described the forcible suppression of Polish culture, education and religion in historically Polish territories, and the gradual elimination of Poles from everyday life as well as from owning property. Anti-Polish policies were implemented by the

6966: 2536:. – "Practically all of the Russian government, bureaucracy, and society were united in one outburst against the Poles." – "Rumor mongers informed the population about an order that had supposedly been given to kill and take away their land." 2564:

ideology, Russian writers accused the Polish nation of betraying their "Slavic family" because of their armed efforts aimed at winning independence. Hostility toward Poles was present in many of Russia's literary works and media of the time.

2311:" cliché may symbolize the threat of cheap labor from poorer European countries to "steal" low-paying jobs in wealthier parts of Europe. On the other hand, others associate it with affordability and dependability of European migrant workers. 10547: 7356: 999: 7550: 2768:

to be on Polish hand, cemented anti-Polish sentiment. Virtually throughout the inter-war, anti-Polish had been omnipresent in Lithuania, and Polish minority in Lithuania faced a very harsh repression by the Lithuanian authorities. The

2683:, who served as part of the British delegation, was seen as one of the biggest enemies of the newly independent Polish state in the British political sphere and in the newly-independent Poland. Namier modified the previously-proposed 3856:

ambassador to Poland, said that "We need to work to reduce anti-Semitism, but work is also needed for there to be less anti-Polish sentiment" and "Anti-Polonism occurs not only in Israel, but also in Jewish circles outside Israel."

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gains on the Eastern Front both public opinion and the government turned increasingly pro-Soviet. Socialist supporters of the Soviet Union made the Poles out to be "warmongers", "anti-Semites" and "fascists". After the war, the

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at the end of World War I, the question of new Polish borders could not have been easily settled against the will of her former long-term occupiers. Poles continued to be persecuted in the disputed territories, especially in

2916:" and political prisons. Reprisals against partisan activities were brutal; on one occasion 1,200 Poles were murdered in retaliation for the death of one German officer and two German officials. In August 2009 the Polish 2399:

and exploited by the Nazis. German academics between the 18th and 20th centuries attempted to project, in the difference between Germany and Poland, a "boundary between civilization and barbarism; high German Kultur and

8714:'Erbfeindschaften': Antipolonismus, Preußen- und Deutschlandhaß, deutsche Ostforschung und polnische Westforschung, Deutschland und Polen im 20. Jahrhundert, red. U. A. J. Bechner, W. Borodziej, t. Maier, Hannover 2001 4872: 4124:, a German Social Democrat, criticized the Duda's government in Poland and referred it as a "coup". This had led to criticism in Poland, although Polish government had downplayed the issue. In 2020, President of Poland 7911: 3778:, complained about this new British political row playing on a "'false and painful stereotype that all Poles are antisemitic', whereas the truth was that the problem was around the same there as elsewhere in Europe." 3301:

and a former presidential candidate. Bubel was taken to court by a group of ten Polish intellectuals who filed a lawsuit against him for "violating the public good". Among the signatories were former Foreign Minister

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who on behalf of the Teutonic Order argued not only that Polish pagans should be killed, but that all Poles should be subject to genocide on the grounds that Poles were an inherently heretical race and that even the

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wrote in 1945 that National Socialism was inevitable because the Germans wanted "to repudiate the equality with the peoples of (central and) eastern Europe which had then been forced upon them" after 1918.

7660: 7009: 3760:. During the interview, Fry stated: "There has been a history, let's face it, in Poland of a right-wing Catholicism which has been deeply disturbing for those of us who know a little history, and remember 3317:, the term is used in Poland also as an argument against the self-critical intellectuals who discuss Polish-Jewish relations, accusing them of "anti-Polish positions and interests." For example, historian 6649:

Tomasz Szarota, Goebbels: 1982 (1939-41): 16, 36–37, 274; 1978. Also: Tomasz Szarota: Stereotyp Polski i Polaków w oczach Niemców podczas II wojny światowej; Bibliografia historii polskiej - 1981. Page

7780: 7622: 5455: 2860:, and from time to time, in the form of existing concepts such as 'Polish economy', 'Polish ruin' and so on, until everyone in Germany sees every Pole, whether farm worker or intellectual, as vermin." 4045:

and the removal of bilingual Polish language street signs (despite Lithuanian laws not permitting such signs) in municipalities with predominantly Polish-speaking population. In 2011, Wałęsa rejected

2268:, anti-Polonism led to an unprecedented campaign of mass murder in German-occupied Poland. In the modern day, among those who often express their hostile attitude towards the Polish people are some 5596: 3881:, "the father of Polish genetic theory" and said: "All right, there were Poles and Hungarians who collaborated, there were and are anti-Semitic Poles and Hungarians. But why generalize? Why be 2627:, aiming at ethnic cleansing of up to 3 million Jewish and Polish people which was meant to be followed by a new wave of settlement by ethnic Germans. In August 1914, the German imperial army 2920:(IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead (including Polish Jews) at between 5.47 and 5.67 million (due to German actions) and 150,000 (due to Soviet), or around 5.62 and 5.82 million total. 2780:

of 1919 resulted in Ukraine crippled militarily and, though Poland did assist Ukraine in the eventual conflict against the Bolsheviks, but was unable to prevent an eventual occupation by the

2612:). The German government financed and encouraged settlement of ethnic Germans into those areas aiming at their geopolitical germanisation. The Prussian Landtag passed laws against Catholics. 8216: 8321: 3270:, Robert Cherry and Annamaria Orla-Bukowska said that anti-Polonism and anti-Semitism remain "grotesquely twinned into our own time. We cannot combat the one without combating the other." 2691:

from Poland with a version called Curzon Line "A". It was sent to Soviet diplomatic representatives for acceptance. The earlier compromised version of Curzon line which was debated at the

10521: 4499:

podstępny, szczery, nienawistny, pogardliwy, bezwzględny. Stajemy się niepopularni jako naród i tak jak w narodzie żydowskim jednostkom tylko przyznaje się prawo do pozyskiwania sympatii.

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In Prussia and later in Germany, Poles were forbidden to build homes, and their properties were targeted for forced buy-outs financed by the Prussian and subsequent German governments.

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by German immigrants relate directly to the wave of American jokes of the early 1960s. A "provocative critique of previous scholarship on the subject" has been made by British writer

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was attacked and beaten up by a group of Russians. It is widely believed that the attacks were organized as revenge for the mugging of four Russian youth in a public park in

3727:, commented on 6 August 2009: "There are few things more despicable than anti-Semitism, but here's one of them: using a false charge of anti-Semitism for political gain." 3383:

states that "Antisemitism is an extensive doctrine with racist or religious grounds that led to the Holocaust. 'Antipolonism' is at best a generalized aversion to Poles."

2560:

The fact that Poles, unlike the Orthodox Russians, were overwhelmingly Roman Catholic gave impetus to their religious persecution. At the same time, with the emergence of

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observed that for many Germans in the Weimar Republic, "Poland was an abomination", Poles were "an East European species of cockroach", Poland was usually described as a

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in 1784. Forster wrote of Poland's "backwardness" in a similar vein to "ignorance and barbarism" of southeast Asia. Such views were later repeated in the German ideas of

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Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009,

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See also, Tomasz Sommer: Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union), article published by The Polish Review vol. LV, No. 4, 2010.

4078:

as part of the broader action of halting the legalization of Polish memorial sites in Ukraine, in a retaliation for the dismantling of a monument to UPA soldiers in

3618:, which the Federation claimed "displayed anti-Polish sentiment". The newspaper denied this was its intention, and the PCC brokered a settlement between the parties. 3254:

said that "these blanket statements are the most destructive actions imaginable," and that they "do irreparable harm" to people seeking Polish-Jewish reconciliation.

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During the political transformation of the Soviet-controlled Eastern bloc in the 1980s, the traditional German anti-Polish feeling was again openly exploited in the

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preference—on their likes and dislikes. Though these jokes might be understood by many, their success depends entirely on the negative disposition of the listener.

3202:. The most prominent is a continued reference by Western news media to "Polish death camps" and "Polish concentration camps". These phrases refer to the network of 2904:

operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia. Millions of citizens of Poland, both ethnic Poles and Jews, died in German

11010: 7035: 7000: 6242: 3804: 2449:, used a number of distortion activities, describing Poles as backward, cruel and heartless, praising the rebellion against Poles; and heavily centered around the 1468: 7802: 7219: 2760:

Outside the Germans and Russians, the Lithuanians also developed a very strong anti-Polish hatred, partly due to historical grievances. For the Lithuanians, the

10071: 8020: 7776: 6382: 3656:– and thence a slide to guilt by association with the Holocaust – is still widespread. This collective stereotyping does no justice to the historical record." 3482:

was elected Pope, and Polish jokes became passé. Gradually, Americans have developed a more positive image of their Polish neighbors in the following decades.

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and the beginning of Ukrainian problem in Poland. Assassinations of Polish officials by Ukrainian nationalists became increasingly frequent from 1930s onward.

509: 7630: 6702: 3214: 3131: 2883: 2805: 2600:. His contribution to the frenzy of anti-Polish writing comprised poems in which he hailed the capitulation of Warsaw as a new "triumph" of imperial Russia. 2099: 5483: 9357: 7554: 6970: 5084: 8698:

Czarna legenda Polski: Obraz Polski i Polaków w Prusach 1772-1815 (The black legend of Poland: the image of Poland and Poles in Prussia between 1772–1815)

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in the 14th century. It was a very important tool in the Order's attempt to conquer the Duchy of Lithuania which eventually failed because of Lithuania's

10274: 5600: 720: 8497: 7652: 8391: 6777: 4075: 3781:

In January 2014, a Polish man, whose helmet was emblazoned with the flag of Poland, claimed he was attacked by a group of fifteen men outside a pub in

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Anti-Polish cartoons were published in Lithuania during interbellum, which depicting the Poles in the bottom east as a lazy, poor and denegerate people

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by asking: "Is it an attack on Polish people when the past is being explored to seek the truth?". Cichy later apologized for the tone of his article.

11405: 10788: 9509: 7298: 5107: 4529: 2944: 2801: 1879: 1240: 8418: 2985:

at 1943. Lithuanian forces often clash with Polish forces throughout the World War II, and committed massacre on Poles with support from the Nazis.

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writes that before World War II the Soviet authorities carried out a discreditation campaign against the Poles and describes Stalin as Polonophobe.

10225: 8220: 7360: 5202: 3156:, which argued that Germany did not commit aggression against Poland in 1939, but was instead the victim of an Anglo-Polish conspiracy against the 2011: 671: 8311: 6189: 4296: 2958:

In German and Soviet war propaganda, Poles were mocked as inept for their military techniques in fighting the war. Nazi fake newsreels and forged

11567: 3822:

Central and Eastern European pupils, including the Polish ones, have experienced increased levels of xenophobic bullying since the Brexit vote.

2461:, the Russians caused a number of atrocities, and destroyed most of Eastern Poland, sometimes joining destruction with its Ukrainian ally led by 2176:

their homeland... We are becoming unpopular as a nation and, as with the Jewish people, only individuals are granted the right to be sympathetic.

6590: 10146: 2272:

politicians and their far-right political parties who search for a new identity rooted in the defunct Russian Empire after the collapse of the

584: 8172: 5748: 4584: 6067:, New York : Free Press; Toronto : Maxwell Macmillan Canada; New York; Oxford : Maxwell Macmillan International, 1993 page 73. 5514:

Rozstrzelać Polaków. Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim w latach 1937–1938. Dokumenty z Centrali (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)

7271: 7157: 5847:"Over 100,000 slaughtered with axes, pitchforks, scythes and knives: The Wołyń massacre started 76 years ago today and lasted for two years" 4196: 2898:, a campaign of ethnic cleansing carried out in today's western Ukraine by Ukrainian nationalists. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the 10793: 9309: 7592: 5566:"Konferencja "Rozstrzelać Polaków – Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim" (Conference on Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union), Warsaw" 4785:

Johann Georg Forster became Chair of Natural History Department at Vilnius University in 1784 thanks to generous job offer from the Polish

2773:

led to the establishment of relations, but it remained extremely difficult as Lithuania still refused to accept Vilnius as part of Poland.

2518: 1245: 8610: 8146: 8096: 4527:"THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF MASS ETHNOPHOBIAS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. (The Second Half of the 19th Century)." 2379:

Germany, becoming more and more permeated with Teutonic Prussianism, continued to pursue these tactics. For instance, David Blackbourn of

10763: 10367: 9909: 9292: 8683:

Genocide and Rescue in Wolyn: Recollections of the Ukrainian Nationalist, Ethnic Cleansing Campaign Against the Poles During World War II

7448: 6369: 4071: 3169:, have accused Nolte of distorting the facts, and have argued that in no way was Poland committing genocide against its German minority. 3127:

and Labour party played on the fears among the public of there not being enough jobs, food and housing to incite anti-Polish sentiments.

1215: 813: 339: 7097: 6558: 5629: 5180: 5108:"The Crystallization of Ethnic Identity in the Process of Mass Ethnophobias in the Russian Empire (The Second Half of the 19th Century)" 3502: 3473:

worse than prior simple anti-immigrant jokes) using the repetitive big lie technique to degrade Poles. The play called "Polish Joke" by

10056: 6445: 5875: 4988: 3897:

Polish Embassy employee using an anti-Semitic slur against him. The Polish embassy in turn disputed the man's account, and said it has

2739: 494: 8292: 5553: 4482: 2648: 9479: 8711:

Eduard v. Hartmanns Schlagwort vom "Ausrotten der Polen" : Antipolonismus und Antikatholizismus im Kaiserreich / Helmut Neubach.

7179: 7329: 3013:, stereotyped Jews as haters of Poles even as she characterized Poles who remained silent in the face of the Holocaust as complicit: 2753:, for a total of 139,835 Polish victims. This number constitutes 10 per cent of the officially persecuted persons during the entire 9991: 9879: 9622: 9195: 8755:; — based on the materials of a conference on "Polonophilia and Polonophobia of the Russians", Indiana State University, 2000 8515: 6355: 5003: 4669: 3864:

canceled plans for his country to send a delegation to a meeting in Jerusalem on Monday after the acting Israeli foreign minister,

2434: 421: 309: 8132: 7885: 6763: 6623: 9215: 8813: 7859: 5297: 7241: 4565: 2362:. The first major thinker to openly call for the genocide of the Polish people was the 14th century German Dominican theologian 11506: 10230: 10001: 9829: 9814: 9809: 9655: 9551: 4330: 3812: 3761: 3589:, of Polish origin himself, said that the increase in violence towards Poles is in part "a result of the media coverage by the 3286: 3193: 2785: 2199:

Cultural anti-Polish sentiment: a prejudice against Poles and Polish-speaking persons or their customs, language and education;

2168: 1980: 676: 431: 259: 244: 239: 69: 7119: 6268:

Michlic, Joanna (2007). "The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939-41, and the Stereotype of the Anti-Polish and Pro-Soviet Jew".

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nourished a particular hatred and contempt for the Polish people. Following his conquest of Poland, he compared the Poles to "

11534: 10061: 9794: 7941: 6813: 6686: 6413: 6101: 6048: 5912: 5885: 5785: 5362: 5322: 5251: 5013: 4969: 4936: 4748: 4721: 4694: 4404:

Scharf, Rafael F. (19 June 2008). "'The two saddest nations on earth': A Polish Jewish octogenarian looks back and forward".

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In 2007, Polish people living in London reported 42 ethnically motivated attacks against them, compared with 28 in 2004. The

3130:

The myth that Poland had been conducting a genocide against ethnic Germans was invented in 1940 by German nationalist writer

2265: 499: 224: 7836: 6878: 6155: 10569: 9884: 9706: 4128:

accused German media of misinterpreting his words and the German government for being Polonophobe regarding coverage about

4042: 3865: 3601: 3486: 2029: 2004: 1021: 314: 128: 7944:[Pobili Polaka w Londynie. "Kopali i krzyczeli, że ma wracać do Polski"] (in Polish). Wyborcza.pl. 18 January 2014 5809: 4926: 11560: 11215: 10885: 10798: 10689: 10357: 10177: 9819: 9804: 8964: 6572: 5733:

The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II:An International Legal Study

5732: 3084:) and returning veterans of the Polish Armed Forces that had served with the western Allies were imprisoned, tortured by 2731: 1681: 1337: 1250: 1141: 803: 621: 249: 234: 8198: 7211: 6522: 6246: 5860: 5792: 3225:

since 1989, condemned the usage of such expressions, arguing that they suggest Polish responsibility for the camps. The

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Ukrainian and Lithuanian nationalists utilized the increasing racial segregation to foment anti-Polonism. Followers of

2770: 2541: 2127:

About 300 Polish prisoners of war were murdered by the soldiers of the German 15th motorised infantry regiment in the

1235: 703: 8724:

Danusha Goska, "Bieganski: The Brute Polak Stereotype in Polish-Jewish Relations and American Popular Culture", 2010,

6719: 2596:, together with three other poets, published a pamphlet called "On the Taking of Warsaw" to celebrate the crushing of 10431: 10262: 9758: 9736: 9396: 9379: 8841: 8752: 8742: 8729: 8705: 8690: 8668: 7749: 7471: 6729: 6637: 6026: 6001: 5978: 5936: 5777: 5549: 5284: 5212: 5190: 4899: 4129: 4094:

announced plans to bar Ukrainians with anti-Polish views, as a reaction to the disrespect to the Polish cemetery in

3515: 3368:

with 'cultivating a species of tolerance that is absolutely intolerant of antisemitism yet regards anti-Polonism and

2917: 2852:

and elsewhere was inflated to 58,000 to increase German hatred of Poles and justify the killing of Polish civilians.

2644: 877: 708: 180: 158: 6608:["Election" continues its "historical politics"] (in Polish). foxx.salon24.pl. 23 April 2008. Archived from 5225: 2971: 2289: 11643: 11168: 11005: 10905: 10362: 10252: 9589: 9345: 9314: 9210: 6460: 4786: 3612:

raised a number of formal complaints – including with the Press Complaints Commission – about news articles in the

3243:

rein in their anti-Polonism because 'if there won't be anti-Polonism, there won't be such antisemitism among us'."

2875: 2797: 2458: 2392: 2091: 1634: 1463: 1357: 808: 698: 5828: 2668:, where Polish workers were openly threatened with losing their jobs and pensions if they voted for Poland in the 2639: 10758: 10269: 10031: 9834: 9297: 5437: 4030: 4014: 3800:

there was seven attacks on Polish houses within ten days, in which stones and bricks were thrown at the windows.

3397:"Polish jokes" belong to a category of conditional jokes, meaning that their understanding requires knowledge of 2102:

were ideologically motivated, the negative attitude of Soviet authorities to the Polish nation is well-attested.

1997: 1210: 715: 469: 264: 8562: 5092: 11638: 11633: 11553: 9894: 9469: 9326: 8700:

Wydawnictwo Poznanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciól Nauk, 1995. Vol. 51 of the history and social sciences series.

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period, with confirming NKVD documents. The prosecuted Polish families were accused of anti-Soviet activities.

2351: 2095: 324: 10036: 5565: 4144:

A 2015 survey showed that 49% of new Polish arrivals in the Netherlands have had to deal with discrimination.

3009:, the Polish resistance group which risked the German death penalty to save Jews, and who herself was sent to 474: 11437: 11153: 9874: 7071: 3020: 2746:

archives, 111,091 Poles, and people accused of ties with Poland, were executed, and 28,744 were sentenced to

2355: 2334:

Anti-Polish rhetoric combined with the condemnation of Polish culture was most prominent in the 18th-century

1911: 1619: 304: 7306: 6540: 4666:"Beneficial immigration: Polish immigrants have changed the UK's economy - and the look of Britain's cities" 3841:, "was murdered in Poland by Germans and Poles". Lapid also wrote that there were "Polish death camps" (see 2834:

Nazi propagandists stereotyped Poles as nationalists in order to portray Germans as victims and justify the

10716: 10664: 9645: 9615: 9539: 9401: 9391: 9384: 9188: 8533: 7734: 6091: 4606: 4117: 4065:, in the context of bitter Polish-Ukrainian relations concerning the mutual massacres during World War II, 3838: 2676: 1168: 1116: 59: 8480:"Poland's Duda urges Ukraine leadership not to appoint to high positions officials with anti-Polish views" 7526: 5111: 4911: 4526: 4352: 3681:' used to describe Polish immigrants. He accused Poland of complicity in the six million Jewish deaths of 3273:

The term "anti-Polonism" is said to have been used for campaign purposes by political parties such as the

3042: 2784:. This had led to enmity against Poland by Ukrainian nationalists, which resulted in the establishment of 11348: 11200: 10619: 10220: 10166: 9416: 9232: 8806: 8415: 5708: 5388:

Flockerzie, Lawrence J. (1983). "Poland's Louvain: Documents on the Destruction of Kalisz, August 1914".

4050: 3893: 3660: 3605: 3559: 3303: 3047: 2479:

in hope to gain territorial and political influence, as well as dispute with the Polish Crown because of

1822: 1666: 1071: 666: 604: 7704: 5155: 5140: 3789:. Photos were taken of him and his motorbike. The victim blamed xenophobic speeches of the Conservative 11592: 11457: 10242: 9929: 9660: 9173: 6302: 6193: 5735:

by Karol Karski, Cas eWestern Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 45, 2013, section "Conclusion"

5067: 4510:

Sebastian Conrad, Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany, Cambridge University Press page 171

4002: 2495: 1931: 688: 359: 74: 8374:

Putin 'must end attacks on Poles' (Polish president calls on Putin to stop attacks on Poles in Moscow)

7497: 3719:. However, the case was unsuccessful as Poles are not classified as an ethnic minority. The editor of 10810: 10624: 10526: 10411: 10078: 10046: 9716: 9650: 9489: 9333: 7569: 6206: 5182:

The enemy with a thousand faces: the tradition of the other in western political thought and history.

3578:

argued for immigration from (Central and) Eastern Europe to be stopped and for Poles to be deported.

3372:

as something altogether natural'." Michnik responded to the controversy, praising the heroism of the

3297:) and organizations such as the Association against Anti-Polonism led by Leszek Bubel, leader of the 3274: 3226: 2924: 2761: 2217:(in English, "the devouring of Poles") – a Polish term coined in the 19th century in relation to the 1262: 1076: 970: 857: 516: 484: 138: 64: 6921: 4107: 3996: 2437:, Poland was greatly blamed by the Russians as the cause of chaos and tyranny in Russia. The future 11612: 11070: 10958: 10805: 10574: 10511: 10339: 10294: 10156: 10041: 10023: 9959: 9889: 9773: 9106: 8661:

Ethnic Cleansing of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, Alliance of the Polish Eastern Provinces

6156:"The Government of the Republic of Poland protests against the CTV editorial policy on use of term" 5745: 5568:. Instytut Globalizacji oraz Press Club Polska in cooperation with Memorial Society. Archived from 4815: 3910: 3764:..." The remark prompted a complaint from the Polish Embassy in London, as well as an editorial in 3753: 3206: 2974:). German propaganda staged a Polish cavalry charge in their 1941 reel called "Geschwader Lützow". 2928: 2777: 2669: 1528: 1416: 1257: 1026: 955: 785: 740: 594: 479: 459: 389: 319: 195: 6492: 6466:. Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. pp. 6, 14. Archived from 5694:

Alexander Motyl. (1985). Ukrainian Nationalist Political Violence in Inter-War Poland, 1921-1939.

4648:"The Government's Political Technologist, or the Secrets of Inter TV Channel's Information Policy" 3807:, there were more cases of Polonophobic occurrences including anti-Polish leaflets distributed in 2532:

Being a Pole under the Russian occupation was in itself almost culpable – wrote Russian historian

11524: 11353: 11333: 11195: 11185: 11143: 10773: 10614: 10476: 10446: 10441: 10384: 10319: 10304: 10237: 10210: 10195: 9608: 9579: 9499: 9304: 9244: 9222: 8949: 8274: 4193: 3928: 3915: 3745: 3644:

wrote in the same paper on 23 December: "In my experience, the automatic equation of Poland with

3582: 3198:

The expressions offensive to Poles are attributed to a number of non-Polish media in relation to

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From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the World, 1939-1941 (1997), by Sheldon Dick ed.

5204:

Russia and Ukraine: literature and the discourse of empire from Napoleonic to postcolonial times

4928:

Citizenship and Identity in a Multinational Commonwealth: Poland-Lithuania in Context, 1550-1772

867: 11602: 11452: 11425: 11415: 10895: 10875: 10738: 10609: 10506: 10456: 10426: 10406: 10334: 10314: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10190: 10161: 10134: 10110: 10105: 9701: 9691: 9464: 9367: 9287: 9116: 9057: 8959: 8856: 8799: 6139: 5592: 4592: 3991:

In August 2005, a series of allegedly organised attacks against Polish diplomats took place in

3609: 3575: 3430:

jokes from Germany were originally told before World War II in disputed border regions such as

3136: 3096: 2848: 2692: 2680: 2656: 2316: 1926: 1899: 1889: 1347: 1327: 1190: 1061: 950: 902: 872: 852: 780: 760: 735: 730: 725: 636: 599: 572: 548: 543: 123: 113: 8676:

Polacy i Ukraińcy; Sprawa ukraińska w czasie II wojny światowej na terenie II Rzeczypospolitej

7444: 5354: 5310: 4684: 4377:(1996). "Image, Status, Mobility and Integration in American Society: The Polish Experience". 4169:

National Identity and Foreign Policy: Nationalism and Leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine

4167: 2498:, the first Constitution in Europe, Russia sent troops and brutally suppressed Polish people. 11576: 11420: 11380: 11313: 11210: 11158: 11085: 10840: 10604: 10516: 10491: 10486: 10471: 10466: 10401: 10349: 10309: 10215: 10185: 10088: 9711: 9519: 9411: 9406: 9321: 9282: 9089: 9084: 8065:"Racism and xenophobia experienced by Polish migrants in the UK before and after Brexit vote" 4711: 3735: 3594: 3298: 3002: 2706:

In the politics of inter-war Germany, anti-Polish feelings ran high. The American historian

2628: 2301: 2261: 1894: 1854: 1787: 1676: 1624: 1543: 1292: 1056: 960: 935: 930: 915: 910: 847: 795: 755: 661: 631: 526: 133: 8783: 4738: 4239: 3420:

propaganda, which attempted to justify the Nazis' murdering of Poles by presenting them as "

2128: 2105:

Nazi Germany killed between 1.8 to 2.7 million ethnic Poles, 140,000 Poles were deported to

11587: 11291: 10825: 10699: 10416: 10374: 10324: 10299: 10120: 10083: 9824: 9686: 9474: 9340: 8984: 8921: 8891: 8876: 8861: 5277: 5061:"The Civic Identity of Russifying Officials in the Empire's Northwestern Region after 1863" 4961: 4091: 3707: 3457: 3353: 3349: 3142: 3104: 2959: 2514: 2339: 2327: 2218: 1765: 1277: 1151: 862: 820: 770: 745: 558: 521: 254: 108: 8771: 8401: 6986: 6940: 8: 11607: 11467: 11328: 10963: 10865: 10845: 10634: 10542: 10501: 10481: 10451: 10344: 10139: 9954: 9494: 9249: 9128: 8881: 8640: 7105: 5647: 3885:, why accuse these nations and attribute to them inherent anti-Semitic characteristics?" 3757: 2415: 1941: 1802: 1421: 1317: 1297: 1086: 994: 945: 925: 897: 790: 577: 384: 8114: 5948:

Nazi Europe and the Final Solution (2009), edited by David Bankier, Israel Gutman, p.162

4478: 3974:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3939:

character, Gary, to go bowling after work by saying: "Come on, it's in your blood, like

3380: 3213:", but the wording suggests that the Polish people might have been involved. The Polish 2490:

In the 18th century, Russia as an empire attempted to make Poland disintegrate by using

2164: 11240: 11235: 11225: 11173: 11163: 11138: 11080: 11038: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10850: 10151: 9524: 9504: 9163: 9094: 9062: 9029: 9019: 8901: 6860: 6314: 6285: 6159: 5677: 5626:

The Context of Mass Destruction: Agents and Prerequisites of the Holocaust in Lithuania

5541: 5397: 5038: 4810: 4429: 4386: 4260: 4221: 4038: 3861: 3694: 3641: 3636: 3452:

For decades, Polish Americans have been the subject of derogatory jokes originating in

3417: 3251: 3063: 2988: 2970:

was wiped out on the ground on the opening day of the war. Neither tale was true (see:

2905: 2879: 2835: 2665: 2480: 2462: 2409: 2388: 2380: 2363: 2335: 2222: 2148: 1706: 1701: 1691: 1639: 1629: 1604: 1538: 1496: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1302: 589: 5484:"A letter from Timothy Snyder of Bloodlands: Two genocidaires, taking turns in Poland" 5418: 3369: 3250:

said Poles "drink in (anti-Semitism) with their mother's milk." Polish Prime Minister

11499: 11410: 11338: 11323: 11122: 11065: 10870: 10778: 10669: 10589: 10436: 9741: 9183: 9148: 9138: 9099: 9039: 8989: 8911: 8896: 8866: 8748: 8738: 8725: 8701: 8686: 8664: 8394:[Russians are recalling the words of a scandalist. "Poles are true Nazis".]. 7990:"Reports of "No more Polish vermin" signs left outside primary schools in Huntingdon" 6897: 6852: 6809: 6725: 6682: 6633: 6419: 6409: 6277: 6097: 6044: 6022: 6018: 5997: 5993: 5974: 5932: 5924: 5908: 5881: 5781: 5545: 5414: 5358: 5347: 5318: 5280: 5208: 5186: 5009: 4965: 4932: 4895: 4744: 4717: 4690: 4569: 4522: 4483:"Kaczyński mówi o "antypolonizmie". Badamy zaskakującą karierę tego słowa na prawicy" 4433: 4421: 4278: 4173: 3920: 3889: 3874: 3775: 3586: 3357: 3345: 3222: 2900: 2846:

to show that Germany was under Polish attack, and the killing of Germans by Poles in

2839: 2742:, took place from about 25 August 1937 through 15 November 1938. According to Soviet 2604: 2597: 2583:, an anti-Polish novel of high literary merit, to say nothing about lesser writers." 2570: 2533: 2454: 2243: 2226: 2123: 1973: 1884: 1812: 1797: 1580: 1523: 1322: 1230: 1121: 1041: 882: 163: 8133:"Yair Lapid's rhetoric on Poland feels like Holocaust denial, Auschwitz museum says" 6847: 6830: 5650:, page 255 "This was followed by a period of relative harmony between the two states 4554:

Page 34, Social Science, Publisher: University of California Press, 2002; 340 pages.

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has been noted for a number of other controversies. On 14 October 2009, Nazi-hunter

16:

Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Poland or people of Polish ethnicity

11462: 11447: 11375: 11296: 11266: 11097: 10933: 10639: 10205: 10200: 10051: 9949: 9277: 9254: 9237: 9227: 9205: 9168: 9158: 9143: 9133: 9052: 9047: 9024: 9014: 8734: 8076: 6842: 6543:[Poles - Jews. Black card of 'Gazeta Wyborcza'] (in Polish). Archived from 5673: 5669: 4956:

The Long Life and Swift Death of Jewish Rechitsa: A Community in Belarus, 1625–2000

4954: 4868:

Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment.

4413: 4066: 4034: 3690: 3461: 3453: 3409: 3177: 3166: 3150: 2967: 2936: 2932: 2874:

Poles became the subject of ethnic cleansing on an unprecedented scale, including:

2735: 2707: 2620: 2484: 2466: 2438: 2068: 1936: 1921: 1849: 1770: 1740: 1555: 1391: 1091: 651: 646: 489: 379: 8452: 8344: 8081: 8064: 7965:"Seven attacks in 10 days as racist gang targets Polish community in east Belfast" 6778:"Pływackie ME: Niemiecki spiker zadrwił z Polaków. "To było wyjątkowo niesmaczne"" 5255: 5252:"Komisja Kolonizacyjna - Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy" 4844: 3479: 3416:

in the late 1940s. These jokes were fueled by ethnic slurs disseminated by German

3336:

journalist, Michał Cichy, wrote a review of a collection of 1943 memoirs entitled

3184:,' some of which reminded listeners of the spread of such jokes under the Nazis." 2830:

soldier knocks a caricatured Polish general off backs of peasants armed with rocks

11477: 11385: 11281: 11230: 11090: 11075: 11055: 11020: 10733: 10644: 10579: 10379: 10329: 10115: 9974: 9569: 9534: 9426: 9259: 9178: 9153: 9121: 9111: 9079: 9074: 8969: 8926: 8916: 8906: 8871: 8851: 8836: 8644: 8584: 8466: 8439: 8422: 6803: 6526: 5929:

Poland, 1918–1945: an interpretive and documentary history of the Second Republic

5796: 5752: 5643: 5089:"Joseph Conrad, March 12, 1857-August 3, 1924"; Contemporary Authors Online, Gale 4876: 4816:"Conquests from Barbarism: Interpreting Land Reclamation in 18th Century Prussia" 4588: 4533: 4200: 3936: 3724: 3645: 3518:

in 2004, where ten new countries joined in the single-largest expansion to date (

3469: 3442: 3437:

There is debate as to whether the early "Polish jokes" brought to states such as

3329: 3322: 3290: 3278: 3218: 3153: 3116: 2817: 2719: 2624: 2554: 2526: 2427: 2206: 2076: 2044: 1951: 1859: 1755: 1696: 1548: 1533: 1513: 1478: 1185: 1096: 1031: 825: 775: 553: 404: 8373: 8244:"Israeli 'spits at' Polish ambassador in street amid ongoing diplomatic dispute" 5434: 11472: 11430: 11400: 11390: 11308: 11301: 11286: 11276: 11112: 11048: 10990: 10985: 10970: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10629: 10564: 10093: 10066: 9919: 9631: 9546: 9200: 9069: 8097:"Lapid: Poland was complicit in the Holocaust, new bill 'can't change history'" 4113: 3924: 3878: 3790: 3771: 3740: 3563: 3523: 3507: 3314: 3307: 3247: 3210: 3092: 3029: 2996: 2978: 2963: 2948: 2940: 2809: 2537: 2472: 2442: 2368: 2347: 2343: 2308: 2297: 2257: 2230: 2072: 2064: 1946: 1904: 1874: 1864: 1782: 1775: 1760: 1750: 1570: 1506: 1448: 1443: 1428: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1081: 1016: 531: 504: 349: 33: 8173:"Poles 'sucked anti-Semitism with their mothers' milk,' Israeli official says" 7705:"Right-wing Polish MEP Michal Kaminski becomes Tories controversial EU leader" 6742: 6576: 5029:

Kadziela, Łukasz; Strybel, Robert (1994). "The 1794 Kościuszko Insurrection".

4417: 3239: 11627: 11484: 11107: 11043: 11028: 10890: 10855: 10835: 10706: 10649: 10584: 9996: 9899: 9362: 9009: 8974: 8886: 8846: 8316: 7912:"Gang of 15 attacks Dagenham motorcyclist outside pub "because he is Polish"" 7860:"Miliband defiant as Cameron demands he retract accusations against Kaminski" 7427:"British MPs prepare Early Day Motion protest in PCC decision on Giles Coren" 6856: 6519: 6281: 5789: 4629: 4449:"Germany's WWII Occupation of Poland: 'When We Finish, Nobody Is Left Alive'" 4425: 4374: 4121: 3793: 3766: 3752:

expressing concern about the party's relationship with the right-wing Polish

3749: 3699: 3682: 3627: 3413: 3373: 3321:

has been accused of being anti-Polish when he wrote about crimes such as the

3080: 3071: 2927:

in World War II was ruthless, and sometimes coordinated with the Nazis (see:

2781: 2754: 2522: 2446: 2384: 2239: 2056: 1958: 1565: 1501: 1486: 1342: 1307: 1287: 1158: 1101: 1036: 426: 329: 7374: 7242:"As at Auschwitz, the gates of hell are built and torn down by human hearts" 6559:

The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland.

6423: 5457:

Germany, Hitler, and World War II: essays in modern German and world history

4778: 2323: 11318: 11205: 11033: 11000: 10980: 10910: 10900: 10880: 10860: 10496: 10394: 10389: 10125: 10100: 9964: 9904: 9869: 9839: 9529: 9374: 8150: 6218: 5720: 4647: 4551:

Special Sorrows: The Diasporic Imagination of Irish, Polish, and Jewish ...

4297:"New figures reveal dramatic increase in hate crimes against Polish people" 4125: 4086: 4018: 3825:

Anti-Polish sentiment in the UK has been the subject of an academic study.

3653: 3622: 3566:

community has doubled in size since 2004; with Poland now having overtaken

3424:"—dirty, stupid and inferior. It is also possible that some early American 3365: 3318: 3255: 3181: 3173: 3112: 3100: 3085: 2871: 2864: 2776:

Ukrainians were also another people with strong anti-Polish hostility. The

2651:

being attacked by Poles and socialists as the caption reads "Save the East"

2491: 2469:. The war was held as a Russian triumph for its attempt to destroy Poland. 2405: 2273: 2136: 2132: 2117: 2113: 2087: 1792: 1671: 1491: 1458: 1438: 1362: 1352: 1332: 1312: 940: 840: 835: 563: 538: 394: 334: 299: 269: 7682: 7140: 6609: 5660:

BUDUROWYCZ, BOHDAN (1983). "Poland and the Ukrainian Problem, 1921-1939".

5164:

See comments by Szczukin to section on literature in the Russian language:

3119:". At least 40,000 members of Poland's Home Army were deported to Russia. 2501: 2116:

Poles as unintelligent and aggressive, as thugs, thieves, alcoholics, and

2024: 11220: 11180: 11148: 11015: 10975: 10815: 10728: 10679: 10654: 10554: 10247: 9986: 9969: 9924: 9844: 9454: 9421: 8999: 8979: 8021:"Police probe racist graffiti smeared on Polish centre after Brexit vote" 7399: 6339:

Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath

6039:

Fritzsche, Peter (2016). "The Management of Empathy in the Third Reich".

5775:

Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.

5229: 5226:"Ogólnopolski Konkurs Internetowy - Historia Strajku Dzieci Wrzesińskich" 5176: 4453: 3816: 3731: 3674: 3670: 3649: 3392: 3161: 3124: 2727: 2684: 2616: 2586: 2579: 2573:

many Russian writers voluntarily participated in anti-Polish propaganda.

2540:

and religion were seen as threats to Russian imperial ambitions. Tsarist

2359: 2253: 2248: 2140: 1686: 1646: 1614: 1473: 1433: 1267: 1180: 1131: 1106: 1006: 693: 416: 399: 354: 274: 11545: 8778: 8611:"Poles, Bulgarians say they face more discrimination in the Netherlands" 7942:"Pobili Polaka w Londynie. "Kopali i krzyczeli, że ma wracać do Polski"" 6864: 6467: 6223:["Polish Concentration Camps" An outline of a chronic problem]. 5681: 5628:, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 12, Number 1, pp. 27-48, 1998, 5401: 5042: 4390: 3456:

stereotypes that had developed in the U.S. before the 1920s. During the

11494: 11489: 11370: 11365: 11261: 11245: 11102: 10995: 10953: 10915: 10723: 10711: 10684: 10674: 10594: 10013: 10008: 9979: 9914: 9763: 9350: 9004: 8994: 8931: 8557: 7001:"Daniel Kawczynski: Poles in the UK are under attack. It's got to stop" 6724:

Published 2004 by Continuum International Publishing Group, 448 pages.

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Stalin's Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union.

4225: 4079: 3849: 3834: 3808: 3614: 3474: 3203: 2843: 2750: 2561: 2396: 2202: 2193: 2144: 1968: 1963: 1844: 1839: 1735: 1711: 1560: 1453: 1411: 1367: 1175: 1163: 1136: 1126: 1046: 443: 438: 409: 344: 185: 8534:"Poland summons German charge d'affaires over election media coverage" 8436:

Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine

8392:"Rosjanie przywołują słowa skandalisty. "Polacy to prawdziwi naziści"" 6922:"BNP advances on Middle England to exploit 'fear' of Polish migrants," 5709:

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/deceiving-the-public

4563: 3180:. This tactic had become especially apparent in the "rejuvenation of ' 2714:(a state for a season), and Germans used the phrase "Polish economy" ( 2292:), a synonym for "pickpocket", "petty thief", literally means "little 11395: 11343: 11060: 10659: 9789: 9514: 9449: 8954: 8552: 7806: 7656: 6926: 6405: 6395: 6324: 4046: 4037:

criticised the Lithuanian Government over discrimination against the

3665: 3572: 3539: 3438: 3360:

accused Cichy of practicing a 'distinct type of racism,' and charged

3075: 3010: 2909: 2822: 2256:. Organized persecution of Poles raged in the territories annexed by 2189:

Organized persecution of the Poles as a nation or as an ethnic group;

2106: 1869: 1817: 1518: 1111: 219: 8516:"Poland downplays tensions with Germany over 'anti-Polish' comments" 5159: 4807: 3659:

Also in 2008, the Polish ambassador sent an official protest to the

11360: 11190: 11117: 10768: 10694: 10599: 10559: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9859: 9854: 9799: 9484: 7623:"False charges of anti-semitism demean the accuser not the accused" 7032:"British MP "sick and tired" of alleged anti-Polish bias (Roundup)" 5569: 3940: 3782: 3555: 3551: 3059: 2982: 2827: 2513:

When Poland lost the last vestiges of its independence in 1795 and

2423: 2135:

ordered the "destruction of the enemy" beyond military objectives:

2083: 1834: 1656: 1575: 1220: 1146: 1051: 1011: 374: 369: 364: 289: 284: 229: 6805:

Polish Migration to the UK in the 'New' European Union: After 2004

5315:

The Oxford Illustrated History of the First World War: New Edition

2966:"bravely but futilely" charged German tanks in 1939, and that the 2698: 2517:, ethnic Poles were subjected to discrimination in two areas: the 2055:

are terms for negative attitudes, prejudices, and actions against

9864: 9768: 9748: 9721: 9696: 9600: 9444: 8766: 8396: 8147:"Work needed to reduce anti-Polish sentiment: Israeli ambassador" 8046:"Xenophobic bullying souring lives of East European pupils in UK" 6544: 5141:"Polska i Polacy w literaturze rosyjskiej. Literatura przedmiotu" 5066:. Harvard Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. Archived from 4566:"Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe: Poland under Nazi Occupation" 4212:

Rudolf Glanz (1955). "The "Bayer" and the "Pollack" in America".

3935:

slur. The slur involved Marsh trying to convince the show's lone

3870: 3797: 3531: 3527: 3431: 3055: 2952: 2887: 2765: 2661: 2593: 2550: 2546: 2506: 2419: 2372: 2293: 294: 190: 170: 143: 118: 41: 4821:. International Congress of Historical Sciences; Oslo. p. 8 10820: 9849: 9753: 9731: 9726: 9676: 8822: 5810:"How Joseph Stalin (Inadvertently) Saved Some Of Poland's Jews" 5517: 4007: 3992: 3932: 3882: 3853: 3786: 3678: 3547: 3535: 3519: 3426: 3108: 3006: 2991:

often assigned blame to the failure of his operations, such as

2951:, academics, priests and Jewish Poles to forced-labor camps in 2269: 2205:

about Poland and Polish people in the media and other forms of

2060: 1272: 279: 175: 153: 148: 98: 6065:

Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory

5005:

War in European History, 1660-1792: The Essential Bibliography

4587:[Russia in search of its lost greatness] (in Polish). 3877:

and politician, said that Katz was speaking as a 'student' of

3489:

that the Polish team would be coming back home in "our cars".

2623:

made further attempts to take control over the territories of

10830: 9681: 9459: 8485: 8467:"Ukrainians call on Poland to rebuild controversial monument" 6076:

Dawidowicz, Lucy "Lies About the Holocaust" pages 31–37 from

5990:

The Poles in Britain 1940–2000: From Betrayal to Assimilation

4894:

by Maciej Janowski, Central European University Press, 2004,

3944: 3837:

claimed that his father's grandmother, who was killed in the

3567: 3543: 2913: 2891: 2747: 2574: 1282: 103: 7299:"Giles Coren Times article prompts Polish complaints to PCC" 7272:"Giles Coren Times article prompts Polish complaints to PCC" 6356:"Shamir's Remarks About Poland Held Up Diplomatic Relations" 5590: 5110:. ACLS American Council of Learned Societies. Archived from 4736: 4709: 3558:), the UK has experienced mass immigration from Poland (see 3187: 2185:

Forms of hostility toward Poles and Polish culture include:

2086:

or it was used to justify atrocities both before and during

2071:

against Poles and persons of Polish descent, other forms of

11442: 11271: 6221:""Polish Concentration Camps." Zarys chronicznego problemu" 5831:. Dansk Militærhistorisk Selskab - Chakoten. Archived from 4682: 4635:

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language

4095: 3898: 3088: 3051: 2743: 2688: 2664:. The German campaign of discrimination contributed to the 1916: 1745: 8293:"Ambasada RP w Tel Awiwie: Mamy zapis z kamer monitoringu" 8275:"Polish ambassador spat at in Israel amid rising tensions" 6967:"Hate crime rises in economic slump - Federation of Poles" 5877:

Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life - Carlo D'Este - Google Books

5597:"Rozkaz N.K.W.D.: No. 00485 z dnia 11-VIII-1937, a Polacy" 3238:

There is a stereotype that Jews are anti-Polish. Cardinal

2981:(also called Banderovites) committed genocide on Poles in 2383:

speaks of the scandalised writings of German intellectual

2314: 8791: 7158:"Daily Mail coverage prompts Poles to make PCC complaint" 7120:"Daily Mail coverage prompts Poles to make PCC complaint" 6898:"The anti-immigration party trying to recruit immigrants" 5861:"Victims of German Nazi massacres in Ponary commemorated" 3685:, prompting not only an official letter of complaint to 3590: 3016: 8312:"Shamed Fox apologizes for Polish slur on 'Back to You'" 7886:"UK Poles in Downing Street anti-discrimination protest" 7777:"Stephen Fry provokes Polish fury over Auschwitz remark" 2631:, chasing out tens of thousands of its Polish citizens. 2475:, which developed anti-Polish sentiment due to previous 6831:"Anti-Polish Migrant Moral Panic in the UK: A Response" 6721:

Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America

5764:

Poland's Holocaust, Tadeusz Piotrowski, MacMillan, 101.

3149:(The Forced War) by the American historical writer and 7833:"Poles, Politeness and Politics in the age of Twitter" 6219:

Witold J. Ławrynowicz; Małgorzata Ławrynowicz (2004).

2791: 8708:. Paper. In Polish with English and German summaries. 8585:"Dutch allow Wilders' anti-Pole website, EU critical" 8342: 7909: 7034:. monstersandcritics.com. 4 June 2008. Archived from 6243:"Statement on Poland and the Auschwitz Commemoration" 4074:

forbade the exhumation of Polish victims of the 1943

3246:

In November of the same year, Israeli Prime Minister

3145:". In 1961, a book was published in Germany entitled 7098:"Federation of Poles in Great Britain vs Daily Mail" 6828: 6606:""Wyborcza" kontynuuje swoją "politykę historyczną"" 6438:"Poland - Poles sue publisher of anti-Semitic texts" 6227:(in Polish). Przeglad Polski on-line. Archived from 5829:"Polish Cavalry in World War 2: Myths and realities" 5422: 4976:

russian polish war 1654-1667 anti-polish propaganda.

3074:, thousands of soldiers of Poland's underground eg. 2557:

established an occupation army at Poland's expense.

8498:"Poland to ban Ukrainians with 'anti-Polish views'" 7803:"Complaints: Fry 'slandered' Poland over Auschwitz" 5185:1989, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, 218 pages, 4021:statements which have been widely cited in Russia. 2147:were committed against them from the outset of the 2100:

Soviet repressions and massacres of Polish citizens

8242: 7551:"Poles Take The Times and Coren to European Court" 7472:"The winner's version of history. That's original" 7354: 7178: 6999: 6964: 6442:The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism 5659: 5346: 4953: 4076:massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 2814:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 2519:Germanisation under Prussian and later German rule 2342:. However, anti-Polish propaganda begins with the 11406:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 9510:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 8737:, "Hollywood's War with Poland, 1939–1945" 2009, 8389: 7835:. stephenfry.com. 19 October 2009. Archived from 7521: 7519: 7180:"Poles accuse 'Daily Mail' of defaming community" 6541:"Polacy - Żydzi. Czarna karta 'Gazety Wyborczej'" 4924: 4564:Janusz Gumkowkski; Kazimierz Leszczynski (2001). 4261:"Poles — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum" 2806:Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946) 2802:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II 1880:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 11625: 7962: 7572:(in Polish). Leeds-Manchester.pl. Polish Express 7567: 6764:From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans 6589:American Association for Polish Jewish Studies. 6575:. Center for Defense Information. Archived from 6145:Published 1995 by U of Minnesota Press. Page 82. 5207:, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2001, 354 pages. 4053:citing the mistreatment of the Polish minority. 3023:with letter "P"—required wear for Polish inmates 2213:A historic example of anti-Polish sentiment was 11066:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 6766:Intercultural Press, 1995 - 343 pages. Page 65. 6625:Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters 6461:"The Polish Debate about the Jedwabne Massacre" 5537:McLoughlin, Barry, and McDermott, Kevin (eds). 5308: 5298:Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities 5085:"January Uprising RSCI, The Real Science Index" 5028: 4925:Friedrich, Karin; Pendzich, Barbara M. (2009). 4683:Donald Bloxham; A. Dirk Moses (15 April 2010). 4582: 4010:by a group of skinheads, several days earlier. 3888:On 15 May 2019, Poland's Ambassador to Israel, 3209:in occupied Poland in order to facilitate the " 2196:dislikes of Poles, including Polish immigrants; 1524:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 10548:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 7702: 7516: 6458: 6401:Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe 6320:Terms of Survival: The Jewish World Since 1945 6190:"Polish Concentration Camps. Misleading words" 4737:Jerzy Lukowski; W. H. Zawadzki (6 July 2006). 4473: 4471: 4000:the Moscow correspondent for the Polish daily 2304:has been gaining media attention from abroad. 1000:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11561: 9616: 8807: 8747:"Polish Encounters, Russian Identity", 2005, 7424: 7357:"Poles could make UK legal history in Europe" 7171: 7146:. Federation of Poles in Great Britain C.I.O. 6570: 6122: 6120: 5713: 5105: 4743:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–10. 4663: 4323:"A History of Polish Americans ... Revisited" 3233: 2005: 8062: 7774: 6013: 6011: 5961:, Sampson Low, Marston & Co 1948, Page 2 5773:Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota (eds.). 5058: 4608:Russian studies in literature - Google Books 4211: 3770:and criticism from British Jewish historian 3412:fleeing war-torn Europe were brought to the 3408:Presumably the first Polish jokes by German 2634: 10764:List of people killed for being transgender 8553:"Dutch far right opens anti-Polish hotline" 7553:. orla.fm. 25 February 2009. Archived from 7063: 6829:FITZGERALD, IAN; SMOCZYNSKI, RAFAL (2015). 6381:Robert Cherry and Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, 6173:Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Ottawa 6043:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 115–127. 5166:"Literatura w języku rosyjskim," pp. 14-22. 5054: 5052: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4713:Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy 4585:"Rosja w poszukiwaniu zaginionej wielkości" 4518: 4516: 4477: 4468: 4294: 4172:. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. 4165: 4072:Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance 3995:, which prompted the then-Polish President 3485:In 2014, a German speaker joked during the 3401:Conditional jokes depend on the audience's 3386: 2943:and at other sites, and the exile of up to 1216:List of people killed for being transgender 11568: 11554: 9623: 9609: 8814: 8800: 8540:. 8 July 2020 – via www.reuters.com. 8453:"The Polish-Ukrainian Battle for the Past" 8368: 8366: 8281:. 15 May 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 8115:"The truth about Poland and the Holocaust" 7857: 7629:. London. 10 November 2009. Archived from 7527:"Coren launches his own assault on Poland" 6714: 6712: 6710: 6538: 6350: 6348: 6130:New York: Pantheon Books, 1989 pages 56–57 6117: 5873: 5746:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. 5460:Cambridge University Press, 1995, page 42. 5387: 4951: 4446: 4385:(1). University of Illinois Press: 74–95. 3860:In February 2019, Poland's prime minister 2935:included Soviet mass executions of Polish 2679:of 1919, British historian and politician 2655:After Poland regained its independence as 2279: 2012: 1998: 11575: 9480:Interminority racism in the United States 8080: 8018: 7910:Exclusive Mark Shales (22 January 2014). 7653:"Fry's fears over Tories' anti-gay links" 7545: 7543: 6846: 6394: 6303:Prelate Retracts Controversial Allegation 6038: 6008: 5907:Europe at War 1939–1945 by Norman Davies 5510:"Sommer, Tomasz. Book description (Opis)" 4668:. The German Times Online. Archived from 4112:Following the accession of Poland to the 3762:which side of the border Auschwitz was on 3048:Polish professors murdered by the Germans 9880:Social determinants of health in poverty 8440:Chapter 6. The Ukrainian-Polish Conflict 8343:Selection of articles (12 August 2005). 7747: 5049: 4960:. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 4796: 4716:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 36. 4638:, 1880 and later reprints, entry МАЗУРИК 4513: 3931:", which contained a controversial anti- 3501: 3041: 3015: 2821: 2697: 2638: 2619:during Poland's fight for independence, 2500: 2322: 2159:According to Adam Leszczynski, the term 2122: 2082:This prejudice led to mass killings and 2023: 310:Social determinants of health in poverty 8363: 8069:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 7296: 7265: 7263: 7150: 7112: 6982: 6980: 6801: 6707: 6370:Poles and the Jews: How Deep the Guilt? 6345: 6267: 5826: 5490:. Stanford University. 15 December 2010 5344: 5276:"The Origins of the Final Solution" by 4989:"Poland-Lithuania and the Liberum Veto" 4710:Caterina Bruschi; Peter Biller (2003). 4686:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies 3892:, was spat on and attacked outside the 3028:"The dying Jews are surrounded only by 2884:Soviet executions and mass deportations 11626: 9552:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 8565:from the original on 24 September 2012 7858:Mulholland, Hélène (30 October 2009). 7540: 7330:"Two waves of immigration Poles apart" 7269: 7209: 7133: 6895: 6802:Burrell, Dr Kathy (28 December 2012). 6674: 6539:Strzembosz, Tomasz (5 February 1994). 6511: 6509: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5353:. Princeton University Press. p. 4544: 4542: 4403: 4353:"Anti-Polish discrimination continues" 3287:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 2972:Myths of the Polish September Campaign 2912:. Unknown numbers perished in Soviet " 2786:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 2219:dismemberment and annexation of Poland 2169:anti-Jewish violence in postwar Poland 2109:where at least half of them perished. 11549: 9604: 8795: 8639: 8550: 8324:from the original on 23 November 2007 7590: 7469: 7327: 7212:"Eastern Europe's long-buried truths" 7090: 7069: 6965:Wiktor Moszczynski (9 January 2009). 6142:Intellectuals, Socialism, and Dissent 6089: 5755:Polish American Congress, Washington. 5473:, Hamish Hamilton 1945 pages 213-214. 5001: 3715:". The case has been referred to the 11530: 10570:Capital punishment for homosexuality 9885:Social determinants of mental health 9575: 8309: 8199:"Suckling hatred with mother's milk" 7963:Steven Alexander (17 January 2014). 7813:from the original on 12 October 2009 7783:from the original on 11 October 2009 7451:from the original on 6 December 2008 7260: 6977: 6557:Antony Polonsky, Joanna B. Michlic. 5599:. Polish Club Online. Archived from 4888:Frederick's "the Iroquois of Europe" 4373: 3954: 3602:Federation of Poles in Great Britain 2483:, launched an invasion known as the 2252:, and enforced up to the end of the 2075:, and mistreatment of Poles and the 1022:Capital punishment for homosexuality 315:Social determinants of mental health 10690:Genital modification and mutilation 8965:Discrimination based on nationality 8390:Grzegorz Podolski (18 April 2024). 7748:Cesarani, David (12 October 2009). 7663:from the original on 9 October 2009 7568:Daniel Tokarczyk (19 August 2008). 7355:Wiktor Moszczynski (6 March 2009). 6675:Davies, Christie (12 August 2002). 6520:JAKA "GAZETA", TAKIE PRZEPROSINY... 6506: 5443: 5435:"Lloyd George and Poland, 1919–20," 4952:Kaganovich, Albert (8 March 2013). 4583:Tomasz Bielecki (3 November 2005). 4539: 4447:Sontheimer, Michael (27 May 2011). 4108:Anti-German sentiment § Poland 4013:The professional volleyball player 3805:British referendum of EU membership 3744:as a signatory of a letter to then- 3673:published a comment piece with the 3295:Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 3066:: "Death to Poles!", November 2011 2923:Soviet policy following their 1939 2792:Invasion of Poland and World War II 1142:Genital modification and mutilation 13: 9630: 8718: 8425:". Radio Poland. 7 September 2011. 8310:Huff, Richard (21 November 2007). 7425:Stephan Pound (22 November 2008). 7210:Zuroff, Efraim (14 October 2009). 6775: 6444:. 28 November 2006. Archived from 6372:The New York Times, 17 March 2001. 6342:, Rutgers University Press, p. 276 6017:The Poles in Britain 1940–2000 by 5874:d'Este, Carlo (24 November 2015). 5345:Holborn, Hajo (21 December 1982). 4892:Polish liberal thought before 1918 4379:Journal of American Ethnic History 4329:. 10 February 2009. Archived from 2771:1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 2764:of 1920, which costed the capital 2515:remained partitioned for 123 years 2284:In the Russian language, the term 2266:genocidal policies of Nazi Germany 14: 11655: 8759: 8685:, McFarland & Company, 2000, 8551:Ebels, Philip (2 February 2012). 8416:Walesa declines Lithuanian honour 7779:. London: Telegraph Media Group. 7750:"Stephen Fry's Auschwitz blunder" 7733:. 15 October 2009. Archived from 7447:. The Economist. 14 August 2008. 6987:BBC denies MP's anti-Polish claim 6941:"BBC blamed for attacks on Poles" 6561:Princeton University Press, 2003. 5778:Institute of National Remembrance 5311:"War Aims and Peace Negotiations" 4912:"Polish-Muscovite War, 1609-1619" 4130:2020 Polish presidential election 4043:Lithuanization of Polish surnames 3497: 2918:Institute of National Remembrance 2608:to a wave of forceful evictions ( 2435:Polish–Russian War in early 1600s 11529: 11520: 11519: 11169:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 11006:Law for Protection of the Nation 10906:White genocide conspiracy theory 9584: 9574: 9565: 9564: 8777: 8765: 8603: 8577: 8544: 8526: 8508: 8490: 8472: 8460: 8445: 8428: 8408: 8383: 8336: 8303: 8285: 8267: 8235: 8209: 8191: 8165: 8139: 8125: 8107: 8089: 8056: 8038: 8012: 7982: 7956: 7934: 7903: 7878: 7851: 7825: 7795: 7768: 7741: 7719: 7696: 7675: 7645: 7615: 7603:from the original on 19 May 2009 7584: 7561: 7490: 7463: 7437: 7418: 7392: 7367: 7359:. radio-orla.com. Archived from 7348: 7321: 7290: 7234: 7203: 7072:"Daily Mail makes up with Poles" 7070:Brook, Stephen (5 August 2008). 7042: 7024: 6992: 6958: 6933: 6915: 6896:Devlin, Kayleen (11 July 2017). 6889: 6871: 6822: 6795: 6769: 6756: 6735: 6695: 6668: 6653: 6643: 6616: 6598: 6583: 6573:"Johnson's Russia List No. 5129" 6564: 6551: 6532: 6485: 6452: 6305:, (1991) at articles.latimes.com 6090:Craig, Gordon Alexander (1982). 6080:, Volume 70, Issue # 6, page 32. 5959:The Pattern of Soviet Domination 5317:. OUP Oxford. pp. 206–207. 4787:Commission of National Education 4664:Vanessa Quick (September 2007). 3959: 3904: 3328:For the 1994 anniversary of the 2798:Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles 2393:Commission of National Education 1635:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1464:Law for Protection of the Nation 1358:White genocide conspiracy theory 40: 11011:MSM blood donation restrictions 10759:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 9585: 8633: 8345:"Top Headlines: 12 August 2005" 8255:from the original on 7 May 2022 7775:Day, Matthew (8 October 2009). 7703:Charter, David (16 July 2009). 7498:"Polands role in the Holocaust" 7222:from the original on 2 May 2010 7191:from the original on 7 May 2022 7141:"Letter to PCC from Daily Mail" 7012:from the original on 7 May 2022 6848:10.13060/00380288.2015.51.3.183 6430: 6388: 6375: 6362: 6330: 6308: 6296: 6261: 6235: 6212: 6182: 6148: 6133: 6083: 6070: 6057: 6032: 5984: 5964: 5951: 5942: 5918: 5901: 5867: 5853: 5839: 5820: 5802: 5767: 5758: 5738: 5726: 5701: 5688: 5653: 5633: 5618: 5584: 5558: 5531: 5502: 5476: 5463: 5438:Journal of Contemporary History 5427: 5408: 5381: 5338: 5302: 5290: 5270: 5244: 5218: 5195: 5169: 5129: 5099: 5077: 5022: 4995: 4981: 4945: 4918: 4904: 4881: 4859: 4837: 4764: 4730: 4703: 4676: 4657: 4641: 4623: 4599: 4576: 4557: 4504: 4440: 4397: 4367: 4070:since 2015. In April 2017 the 3487:European Aquatics Championships 3352:from Otwock and member of the " 3194:"Polish death camp" controversy 3188:"Polish death camp" controversy 3141:by embellishing the events of " 3021:German concentration-camp badge 2465:and the Swedes in the parallel 2112:Anti-Polish sentiment includes 1469:MSM blood donation restrictions 1211:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 11024:(as religious or racial quota) 9470:Go back to where you came from 8655:(177). Halle-Leipzig: 465–472. 7707:. London: Times Newspapers Ltd 7570:"Giles Coren: F*** the Poles!" 7470:Coren, Giles (2 August 2008). 7270:Conlan, Tara (8 August 2008). 6571:David Johnson (3 March 2001). 6225:Nowojorski Tygodnik Kulturalny 5971:The Poles in Britain 1940–2000 5674:10.1080/00085006.1983.11091753 5440:, vol. 6, no 3, Pages 132–1542 5002:Black, Jeremy (October 2009). 4345: 4315: 4288: 4271: 4253: 4232: 4205: 4186: 4166:Ilya Prizel (13 August 1998). 4159: 4135: 4041:, which included the enforced 4033:" leader and Polish President 4017:has publicly repeated extreme 3843:Polish death camps controversy 3717:European Court of Human Rights 3697:, followed by an editorial in 3313:According to Polish historian 3115:. A similar fate awaited the " 2896:massacres of Poles in Volhynia 2645:German National People's Party 2525:in the territories annexed by 2505:19th-century Polish exiles in 2430:was persecuted at all levels. 2387:, who was granted a tenure at 2352:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 2296:". The word is an example how 2032:, 1939: "No entry for Poles!" 1482:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 11438:Second-generation gender bias 11154:Constitutional colorblindness 9875:Social determinants of health 8782:The dictionary definition of 8082:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1451308 7400:"December 2008 - Krakow Post" 7328:Coren, Giles (26 July 2008). 6743:"Commentary on "Polish Joke"" 4568:. dac.neu.edu. Archived from 4147: 3005:, the Catholic co-founder of 2695:was renamed Curzon Line "B". 2356:Christianization of Lithuania 2167:in 1946. Osmańczyk condemned 1912:Second-generation gender bias 1620:Constitutional colorblindness 305:Social determinants of health 8649:Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 8351:. WN Network. pp. Index 8063:Rzepnikowska, Alina (2019). 7591:Coren, Giles (16 May 2009). 7050:"How Britain can help Poles" 5814:International Business Times 5790:Introduction reproduced here 5471:The Course of German History 4406:East European Jewish Affairs 4024: 3839:Auschwitz concentration camp 3562:). It is estimated that the 2629:destroyed the city of Kalisz 2154: 7: 11349:Medical model of disability 11201:Hate speech laws by country 8372:BBC News (12 August 2005), 7890:Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy 7102:Press Complaints Commission 6808:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 6630:University of Chicago Press 6529:, PolskieJutro, Number 243 6336:Joshua D. Zimmerman (2003) 5349:A History of Modern Germany 4740:A Concise History of Poland 4689:. OUP Oxford. p. 298. 4051:Order of Vytautas the Great 3943:and collaborating with the 3894:Embassy of Poland, Tel Aviv 3796:. During the same month in 3661:Press Complaints Commission 3560:Poles in the United Kingdom 3215:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3037: 2945:1.5 million Polish citizens 2677:Versailles Peace Conference 2647:poster from 1920 showing a 2445:after taken power from the 2180: 1823:Medical model of disability 1667:Hate speech laws by country 10: 11660: 11593:Anti-Montenegrin sentiment 11458:Social model of disability 9930:Discrimination against men 8821: 8380:Retrieved 2 February 2013. 8217:"Arik Lederman Architects" 7248:. London. 23 December 2009 6681:. Transaction Publishers. 5880:. Henry Holt and Company. 4791:Komisja Edukacji Narodowej 4775:Weltreise nach Deutschland 4192:Thaddeus C. Radzilowski,, 4105: 4101: 4056: 3390: 3234:In Polish-Jewish relations 3191: 2795: 2496:Constitution of 3 May 1791 1932:Social model of disability 360:Discrimination against men 11583: 11515: 11254: 11131: 10924: 10811:Opposition to immigration 10535: 10175: 10022: 9782: 9732:Race / Ethnicity 9669: 9638: 9560: 9437: 9270: 9038: 8940: 8829: 8696:Dr. Dariusz Łukasiewicz: 7916:Barking and Dagenham Post 7429:. orla.fm. Archived from 6969:. orla.fm. Archived from 6835:Czech Sociological Review 6691:– via Google Books. 6595:Vol 3, No 2, 1994. Page 4 6207:Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum 5698:, 19:1 (1985:Spring) p.45 5313:. In Hew Strachan (ed.). 4418:10.1080/13501670108577939 3968:This section needs to be 3950: 3901:evidence to disprove it. 3828: 3811:and graffiti against the 3462:came to the United States 3275:League of Polish Families 3268:Rethinking Poles and Jews 3227:American Jewish Committee 3221:around the world and all 3099:) and murdered following 2687:by detaching the city of 2635:Interwar Period (1918–39) 2459:Russo-Polish war of 1650s 2163:was coined by journalist 1263:Opposition to immigration 154:Race / Ethnicity 11613:Anti-Ukrainian sentiment 10806:Occupational segregation 10575:Compulsory sterilization 7593:"The Duke of Cumberland" 7445:"Unacceptable prejudice" 5996:; Routledge, 200 pages, 5744:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski, 5662:Canadian Slavonic Papers 5516:. Księgarnia Prawnicza, 5309:David Stevenson (2014). 5156:Uniwersytet Jagielloński 4152: 4120:have improved. In 2016, 4118:Germany–Poland relations 3506:Anti-Polish graffiti in 3492: 3207:operated by Nazi Germany 2997:Soviet massacre at Katyn 2929:Gestapo-NKVD Conferences 2738:operation, known as the 2670:Upper Silesia plebiscite 2246:, especially during the 1258:Occupational segregation 1027:Compulsory sterilization 11644:Anti-national sentiment 11334:Internalized oppression 11196:Fighting Discrimination 11186:Fat acceptance movement 11144:Anti-discrimination law 10784:Native American mascots 9500:Psychometrics of racism 8950:Anti-miscegenation laws 8421:14 October 2017 at the 8119:blogs.timesofisrael.com 8025:London Evening Standard 7375:"Early day motion 2529" 6459:Joanna Michlic (2004). 5696:East European Quarterly 4654:, Monday, 25 April 2011 3350:Jewish ghetto policeman 3338:Czy ja jestem mordercą? 2993:Operation Market Garden 2408:prior to and after its 2364:Johannes von Falkenberg 2280:Anti-Polish stereotypes 1808:Internalized oppression 1662:Fighting Discrimination 1652:Fat acceptance movement 1610:Anti-discrimination law 1236:Native American mascots 11603:Anti-Russian sentiment 11453:Social identity threat 11426:Reverse discrimination 11416:Racial color blindness 10896:Violence against women 10876:Sex-selective abortion 9465:Ethnic plastic surgery 8960:Biological determinism 8770:Quotations related to 8019:Micklethwaite, Jamie. 7504:. London. 31 July 2008 7104:. 2009. Archived from 6989:BBC News, 4 June 2008. 6525:5 January 2007 at the 6041:Empathy and its Limits 5957:Stanislaw Mikolajczyk 5593:Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski 5091:. 2003. Archived from 4327:Cosmopolitanreview.com 4240:"Deceiving the Public" 3997:Aleksander Kwaśniewski 3813:Polish Cultural Centre 3610:Barbara Tuge-Erecinska 3576:British National Party 3511: 3468:Since the late 1960s, 3399:what a Polish joke is. 3304:Władysław Bartoszewski 3294: 3282: 3165:the British historian 3067: 3035: 3024: 2849:Bromberger Blutsonntag 2831: 2826:1939 Soviet poster. A 2703: 2693:Spa Conference of 1920 2681:Lewis Bernstein Namier 2652: 2591: 2571:1830-1831 insurrection 2569:"During and after the 2510: 2457:invaded Poland at the 2441:, who would found the 2331: 2317:Second Polish Republic 2178: 2151: 2096:Ukrainian nationalists 2090:, most notably by the 2063:as their country, and 2048: 2039:, also referred to as 2033: 2030:German-occupied Poland 1927:Social identity threat 1900:Reverse discrimination 1890:Racial color blindness 1348:Violence against women 1328:Sex-selective abortion 11639:Anti-Slavic sentiment 11634:Anti-Polish sentiment 11598:Anti-Polish sentiment 11577:Anti-Slavic sentiment 11421:Religious intolerance 11381:Political correctness 11211:Intersex human rights 11159:Cultural assimilation 10841:Religious persecution 10605:Disability hate crime 10390:Jewish / Antisemitism 9385:In Jewish communities 9363:Hispanic & Latino 8101:www.timesofisrael.com 6879:"Poles and Prejudice" 6776:td (20 August 2014). 6662:The Mirth of Nations. 6547:on 15 September 2008. 6270:Jewish Social Studies 5795:23 March 2012 at the 5454:Gerhard L. Weinberg, 5419:THE REBIRTH OF POLAND 5073:on 30 September 2004. 4548:Matthew F. Jacobson, 4214:Jewish Social Studies 3909:On 14 November 2007, 3848:In a 2018 interview, 3505: 3299:Polish National Party 3045: 3026: 3019: 3003:Zofia Kossak-Szczucka 2825: 2762:Polish–Lithuanian War 2701: 2642: 2567: 2547:deportations of Poles 2504: 2326: 2302:use of colloquialisms 2173: 2131:on 9 September 1939. 2126: 2053:anti-Polish sentiment 2027: 1895:Religious intolerance 1855:Political correctness 1677:Intersex human rights 1625:Cultural assimilation 1293:Religious persecution 1057:Disability hate crime 836:Jewish / Antisemitism 11588:Anti-Croat sentiment 10826:Political repression 9835:Anti-left handedness 9825:Anti-intellectualism 9475:Herrenvolk democracy 8681:Tadeusz Piotrowski: 8641:Ersch, Johann Samuel 8376:BBC News UK. Quote: 7727:"Unoccupied Britain" 6678:The Mirth of Nations 5780:(IPN) Warszawa 2009 5296:Volker R. Berghahn, 5278:Christopher Browning 5201:Myroslav Shkandrij, 4875:6 March 2012 at the 4532:24 July 2011 at the 4199:15 June 2016 at the 4092:Witold Waszczykowski 3929:Something's Up There 3913:aired an episode of 3721:The Jewish Chronicle 3708:The Jewish Chronicle 3460:, Polish immigrants 3458:Partitions of Poland 3447:The Mirth of Nations 3354:Chrobry II Battalion 3283:Liga Polskich Rodzin 3219:Polish organizations 3147:Der Erzwungene Krieg 3105:Trial of the Sixteen 2960:pseudo-documentaries 2876:Nazi German genocide 2778:Polish–Ukrainian War 2716:polnische Wirtschaft 2545:executions and mass 2385:Johann Georg Forster 2340:partitions of Poland 2328:Partitions of Poland 2139:classified Poles as 2059:as an ethnic group, 1278:Political repression 265:Anti-left handedness 255:Anti-intellectualism 11608:Anti-Serb sentiment 11329:Historical eugenics 10866:Segregation academy 10846:Religious terrorism 10635:Enemy of the people 10543:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 10062:Jehovah's Witnesses 9955:Perpetual foreigner 9495:Perpetual foreigner 7737:on 19 October 2009. 7633:on 12 November 2009 7627:The Daily Telegraph 7363:on 13 January 2012. 7108:on 8 February 2009. 6196:on 27 February 2008 6162:on 19 February 2006 5816:. 21 February 2013. 5751:16 May 2016 at the 5648:Jonathan Wilkenfeld 5603:on 11 November 2017 5106:Liudmila Gatagova. 4777:, Progress-Verlag, 4773:Heinrich Reintjes, 4672:on 3 December 2013. 4063:Heroes and Villains 3758:European Parliament 3734:was interviewed by 3730:On 6 October 2009, 3669:. On 26 July 2008, 3595:politically correct 3204:concentration camps 3132:Edwin Erich Dwinger 2906:concentration camps 2657:the Second Republic 2477:Polish–Swedish wars 2416:Frederick the Great 1803:Historical eugenics 1318:Segregation academy 1298:Religious terrorism 1087:Enemy of the people 995:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 500:Jehovah's Witnesses 385:Perpetual foreigner 11241:Social integration 11236:Self-determination 11226:Racial integration 11174:Diversity training 11164:Cultural pluralism 11139:Affirmative action 11039:Racial segregation 10949:Crime of apartheid 10851:Religious violence 10354:Indigenous people 9759:Sexual orientation 9525:Racial integration 9505:Race and sexuality 9310:Japanese Americans 9030:Racial segregation 9020:Racial nationalism 8674:Ryszard Torzecki: 8591:. 10 February 2012 8504:. 2 November 2017. 8179:. 18 February 2019 7922:on 9 November 2014 7839:on 22 October 2009 7406:. 29 December 2008 6448:on 10 August 2011. 6358:. 8 December 1989. 6315:Robert S. Wistrich 6128:In Hitler's Shadow 6126:Evans, Richard J. 6063:Lipstadt, Deborah 5973:by Peter Stachura 5835:on 16 August 2004. 5624:Michael MacQueen, 5542:Palgrave Macmillan 5138:Wasilij Szczukin, 5059:Mikhail Dolbilov. 4991:. 18 October 2016. 4811:Harvard University 4808:David Blackbourn, 4082:, Eastern Poland. 4015:Aleksey Spiridonov 3862:Mateusz Morawiecki 3746:Conservative Party 3695:British parliament 3642:Timothy Garton Ash 3637:Jonathan Freedland 3512: 3418:National Socialist 3260:The New York Times 3252:Tadeusz Mazowiecki 3223:Polish governments 3103:like the infamous 3068: 3025: 2989:Bernard Montgomery 2925:invasion of Poland 2880:General Government 2836:invasion of Poland 2832: 2704: 2666:Silesian Uprisings 2653: 2615:Toward the end of 2511: 2481:Sigismund III Vasa 2463:Bohdan Khmelnytsky 2410:invasion of Poland 2389:Vilnius University 2381:Harvard University 2332: 2152: 2149:invasion of Poland 2129:Ciepielów massacre 2034: 1707:Social integration 1702:Self-determination 1692:Racial integration 1640:Diversity training 1630:Cultural pluralism 1605:Affirmative action 1497:Racial segregation 1407:Crime of apartheid 1303:Religious violence 800:Indigenous people 181:Sexual orientation 11621: 11620: 11543: 11542: 11411:Racism by country 11339:Intersectionality 11324:Heteronormativity 11123:Voter suppression 10871:Sexual harassment 10670:Forced conversion 10590:Cultural genocide 10253:African Americans 10072:post–Cold War era 10057:Eastern Orthodoxy 9820:Anti-drug addicts 9815:Anti-homelessness 9742:Scientific racism 9598: 9597: 9346:African Americans 9293:Chinese Americans 8990:Ethnic stereotype 8663:, Toronto, 1993, 8645:"Erdbeschreibung" 8457:, Carnegie Europe 8402:Przegląd Sportowy 8223:on 22 August 2019 7969:Belfast Telegraph 6883:LSE Research News 6815:978-1-4094-9169-9 6703:ibidem. Page 177. 6701:Christie Davies. 6688:978-0-7658-0096-1 6659:Christie Davies, 6612:on 26 April 2008. 6579:on 10 March 2001. 6415:978-0-415-35593-3 6103:978-0-399-12436-5 6050:978-1-137-55237-2 6019:Peter D. Stachura 5994:Peter D. Stachura 5925:Peter D. Stachura 5913:978-0-330-35212-3 5887:978-1-62779-961-4 5786:978-83-7629-067-6 5640:A study of crisis 5595:(22 March 2011). 5544:, December 2002. 5423:http://web.ku.edu 5415:Anna M. Cienciala 5390:The Polish Review 5364:978-0-691-00797-7 5324:978-0-19-966338-5 5258:on 1 October 2006 5232:on 15 August 2014 5031:The Polish Review 5015:978-1-59797-246-8 5008:. Potomac Books. 4971:978-0-299-28983-6 4938:978-90-04-16983-8 4750:978-0-521-85332-3 4723:978-1-903153-10-9 4696:978-0-19-923211-6 4652:Ukrayinska Pravda 4572:on 30 April 2001. 4523:Liudmila Gatagova 4479:Leszczyński, Adam 4295:Johnny McDevitt. 4283:978-83-7629-067-6 4179:978-0-521-57697-0 4085:Polish President 4061:In his 2007 book 3989: 3988: 3921:Christopher Lloyd 3890:Marek Magierowski 3875:brigadier general 3776:Michael Schudrich 3587:Daniel Kawczynski 3410:displaced persons 3379:Polish historian 3358:Tomasz Strzembosz 3346:Calel Perechodnik 3285:) or the defunct 2962:claimed that the 2901:Intelligenzaktion 2840:Gleiwitz incident 2589: 2534:Liudmila Gatagova 2455:Tsardom of Russia 2402:primitive Slavdom 2244:Otto von Bismarck 2227:Habsburg monarchy 2171:, and concluded: 2028:German notice in 2022: 2021: 1885:Racism by country 1813:Intersectionality 1798:Heteronormativity 1581:Voter suppression 1323:Sexual harassment 1122:Forced conversion 1042:Cultural genocide 699:African Americans 510:post–Cold War era 495:Eastern Orthodoxy 250:Anti-drug addicts 245:Anti-homelessness 164:Scientific racism 11651: 11570: 11563: 11556: 11547: 11546: 11533: 11532: 11523: 11522: 11463:Social privilege 11448:Social exclusion 11376:Police brutality 11297:Multiculturalism 11267:Amatonormativity 11098:Social exclusion 10934:Age of candidacy 10734:Homeless dumping 10640:Ethnic cleansing 9625: 9618: 9611: 9602: 9601: 9588: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9568: 9567: 9422:Racial supremacy 9380:Jewish Americans 9358:Native Americans 9327:Zainichi Koreans 9315:Japanese Koreans 9298:Zainichi Chinese 9271:Racism by target 9048:Global apartheid 9040:Racism by region 9025:Racial profiling 9015:Racial hierarchy 8816: 8809: 8802: 8793: 8792: 8781: 8769: 8735:M.B.B. Biskupski 8656: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8607: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8494: 8488: 8483: 8476: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8456: 8449: 8443: 8432: 8426: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8387: 8381: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8246: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8219:. Archived from 8213: 8207: 8206: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7996:. Archived from 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7918:. Archived from 7907: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7557:on 20 July 2011. 7547: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7523: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7433:on 20 July 2011. 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7309:on 9 August 2008 7305:. Archived from 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7267: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7182: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7038:on 12 July 2010. 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7003: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6975: 6974: 6973:on 20 July 2011. 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6937: 6931: 6924:Andrew Norfolk, 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6850: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6773: 6767: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6739: 6733: 6718:Dominic Pulera, 6716: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6672: 6666: 6657: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6602: 6596: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6536: 6530: 6517: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6465: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6392: 6386: 6379: 6373: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6352: 6343: 6334: 6328: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6245:. Archived from 6239: 6233: 6232: 6216: 6210: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6192:. Archived from 6186: 6180: 6178: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6158:. Archived from 6152: 6146: 6140:John C. Torpey, 6137: 6131: 6124: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6087: 6081: 6074: 6068: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6036: 6030: 6015: 6006: 5988: 5982: 5968: 5962: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5922: 5916: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5806: 5800: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5756: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5657: 5651: 5637: 5631: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5562: 5556: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5480: 5474: 5467: 5461: 5452: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5352: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5254:. Archived from 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5228:. Archived from 5222: 5216: 5199: 5193: 5173: 5167: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5116: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5065: 5056: 5047: 5046: 5026: 5020: 5019: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4959: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4820: 4805: 4794: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4661: 4655: 4645: 4639: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4595:on 8 March 2012. 4591:. Archived from 4580: 4574: 4573: 4561: 4555: 4546: 4537: 4520: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4355:. Ampoleagle.com 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4333:on 24 April 2012 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4292: 4286: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4209: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4163: 4067:David R. Marples 3984: 3981: 3975: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3691:early day motion 3381:Adam Leszczyński 3342:Am I a murderer? 3201: 3167:Richard J. Evans 3151:Holocaust denier 3140: 2968:Polish Air Force 2947:, including the 2937:prisoners of war 2933:ethnic cleansing 2740:Polish Operation 2736:ethnic cleansing 2726:During Stalin's 2708:Gerhard Weinberg 2621:Imperial Germany 2584: 2467:Swedish invasion 2439:House of Romanov 2262:Tsar Nicholas II 2165:Edmund Osmańczyk 2069:ethnic prejudice 2067:. These include 2014: 2007: 2000: 1937:Social privilege 1922:Social exclusion 1850:Police brutality 1771:Multiculturalism 1741:Amatonormativity 1556:Social exclusion 1392:Age of candidacy 1186:Homeless dumping 1092:Ethnic cleansing 44: 21: 20: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11649: 11648: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11579: 11574: 11544: 11539: 11511: 11386:Polyculturalism 11282:Civil liberties 11250: 11231:Reappropriation 11132:Countermeasures 11127: 11056:Racial steering 11022:Numerus clausus 10926: 10920: 10645:Ethnic conflict 10580:Corrective rape 10531: 10171: 10018: 9910:HIV/AIDS stigma 9778: 9727:Mental disorder 9665: 9634: 9629: 9599: 9594: 9556: 9535:Racism in sport 9433: 9427:White supremacy 9266: 9034: 8970:Ethnic conflict 8942: 8936: 8830:Types of racism 8825: 8820: 8762: 8721: 8719:Further reading 8678:; Warsaw, 1993. 8659:Mikołaj Teres: 8636: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8618: 8617:. 28 April 2015 8609: 8608: 8604: 8594: 8592: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8549: 8545: 8532: 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6537: 6533: 6527:Wayback Machine 6515: 6514: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6473:on 3 March 2016 6470: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6416: 6408:. p. 167. 6393: 6389: 6380: 6376: 6367: 6363: 6354: 6353: 6346: 6335: 6331: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6217: 6213: 6199: 6197: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6176: 6165: 6163: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6138: 6134: 6125: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6075: 6071: 6062: 6058: 6051: 6037: 6033: 6016: 6009: 5989: 5985: 5969: 5965: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5923: 5919: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5872: 5868: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5825: 5821: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5797:Wayback Machine 5772: 5768: 5763: 5759: 5753:Wayback Machine 5743: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5693: 5689: 5658: 5654: 5644:Michael Brecher 5638: 5634: 5623: 5619: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5573: 5572:on 3 March 2016 5564: 5563: 5559: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5469:Taylor, A.J.P. 5468: 5464: 5453: 5444: 5433:Norman Davies, 5432: 5428: 5413: 5409: 5386: 5382: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5200: 5196: 5174: 5170: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5117:on 24 July 2011 5114: 5104: 5100: 5095:on 29 May 2007. 5083: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5063: 5057: 5050: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4950: 4946: 4939: 4923: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4886: 4882: 4877:Wayback Machine 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4845:"H-Net Reviews" 4843: 4842: 4838: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4806: 4797: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4708: 4704: 4697: 4681: 4677: 4662: 4658: 4646: 4642: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4589:Gazeta Wyborcza 4581: 4577: 4562: 4558: 4547: 4540: 4534:Wayback Machine 4521: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4491: 4489: 4476: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4445: 4441: 4402: 4398: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4293: 4289: 4276: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4210: 4206: 4201:Wayback Machine 4191: 4187: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4138: 4110: 4104: 4059: 4039:Polish minority 4027: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3937:Polish-American 3907: 3833:The politician 3831: 3754:Law and Justice 3725:Stephen Pollard 3608:in London with 3500: 3495: 3470:Polish American 3443:Christie Davies 3395: 3389: 3362:Gazeta Wyborcza 3334:Gazeta Wyborcza 3330:Warsaw Uprising 3323:Jedwabne pogrom 3236: 3230:unchallenged." 3199: 3196: 3190: 3134: 3117:cursed soldiers 3040: 2931:). Elements of 2820: 2818:Ponary massacre 2796:Main articles: 2794: 2720:A. J. P. Taylor 2649:Teutonic knight 2637: 2625:Congress Poland 2555:Tsar Nicholas I 2527:Imperial Russia 2451:Orthodox belief 2428:Polish language 2321: 2282: 2260:, mainly under 2254:First World War 2207:popular culture 2183: 2157: 2077:Polish diaspora 2018: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1860:Polyculturalism 1756:Civil liberties 1728: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1697:Reappropriation 1597: 1596:Countermeasures 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1514:Racial steering 1480:Numerus clausus 1384: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1097:Ethnic conflict 1032:Corrective rape 987: 979: 978: 977: 976: 975: 624: 613: 612: 611: 610: 609: 462: 452: 451: 450: 449: 448: 340:HIV/AIDS stigma 212: 204: 203: 202: 201: 200: 149:Mental disorder 91: 83: 82: 81: 80: 79: 52: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11657: 11647: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11584: 11581: 11580: 11573: 11572: 11565: 11558: 11550: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11537: 11527: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11509: 11504: 11503: 11502: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11481: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11434: 11433: 11431:Reverse racism 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11401:Prisoner abuse 11398: 11393: 11391:Power distance 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11309:Ethnic penalty 11306: 11305: 11304: 11302:Neurodiversity 11299: 11289: 11287:Dehumanization 11284: 11279: 11277:Cisnormativity 11274: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11256: 11255:Related topics 11252: 11251: 11249: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11177: 11176: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11113:State religion 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11049:Nuremberg Laws 11046: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10991:Ghetto benches 10988: 10986:Gerrymandering 10983: 10978: 10973: 10971:Gender pay gap 10968: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10930: 10928: 10925:Discriminatory 10922: 10921: 10919: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10754:Lavender scare 10751: 10749:Kill Haole Day 10746: 10744:Indian rolling 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10709: 10704: 10703: 10702: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10630:Eliminationism 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10565:Cancel culture 10562: 10557: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10539: 10537: 10536:Manifestations 10533: 10532: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10432:Middle Eastern 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10182: 10180: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10169: 10167:Zoroastrianism 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10132: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10094:Untouchability 10091: 10081: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10028: 10026: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9920:Leprosy stigma 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9636: 9635: 9632:Discrimination 9628: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9605: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9582: 9572: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9549: 9547:Reverse racism 9544: 9543: 9542: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9520:Racial figleaf 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9441: 9439: 9438:Related topics 9435: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9397:Middle Eastern 9394: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9382: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9360: 9355: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9280: 9274: 9272: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9193: 9192: 9191: 9189:United Kingdom 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9104: 9103: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9060: 9050: 9044: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8946: 8944: 8941:Manifestations 8938: 8937: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8819: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8775: 8761: 8760:External links 8758: 8757: 8756: 8745: 8732: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8694: 8679: 8672: 8657: 8643:, ed. (1810). 8635: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8602: 8576: 8543: 8525: 8520:news.yahoo.com 8507: 8489: 8471: 8469:, Radio Poland 8459: 8444: 8427: 8407: 8382: 8362: 8335: 8302: 8284: 8266: 8234: 8208: 8190: 8164: 8138: 8135:. 10 May 2019. 8124: 8106: 8088: 8055: 8037: 8011: 7994:Cambridge News 7981: 7955: 7933: 7902: 7877: 7850: 7824: 7794: 7767: 7740: 7718: 7695: 7674: 7644: 7614: 7583: 7560: 7539: 7515: 7489: 7462: 7436: 7417: 7391: 7366: 7347: 7320: 7289: 7259: 7233: 7202: 7170: 7149: 7132: 7111: 7089: 7062: 7041: 7023: 6991: 6976: 6957: 6932: 6914: 6888: 6870: 6841:(3): 380–386. 6821: 6814: 6794: 6768: 6755: 6734: 6706: 6694: 6687: 6667: 6652: 6642: 6615: 6597: 6582: 6563: 6550: 6531: 6518:Romuald Bury, 6505: 6484: 6451: 6429: 6414: 6387: 6374: 6368:Adam Michnik, 6361: 6344: 6329: 6327:, 1995 p. 281. 6307: 6295: 6276:(3): 135–176. 6260: 6249:on 18 May 2015 6234: 6231:on 7 May 2005. 6211: 6181: 6177:20 August 2004 6147: 6132: 6116: 6102: 6082: 6069: 6056: 6049: 6031: 6007: 5983: 5963: 5950: 5941: 5917: 5900: 5886: 5866: 5852: 5838: 5819: 5801: 5766: 5757: 5737: 5725: 5712: 5700: 5687: 5668:(4): 473–500. 5652: 5632: 5617: 5583: 5557: 5530: 5501: 5488:The Book Haven 5475: 5462: 5442: 5426: 5407: 5380: 5363: 5337: 5323: 5301: 5289: 5269: 5243: 5217: 5194: 5168: 5128: 5098: 5076: 5048: 5037:(4): 387–392. 5021: 5014: 4994: 4980: 4970: 4944: 4937: 4917: 4903: 4880: 4871:(Book review) 4865:Susan Parman, 4858: 4836: 4795: 4763: 4749: 4729: 4722: 4702: 4695: 4675: 4656: 4640: 4622: 4598: 4575: 4556: 4538: 4536:The CRN E-book 4512: 4503: 4467: 4439: 4396: 4375:Pula, James S. 4366: 4344: 4314: 4287: 4270: 4252: 4231: 4204: 4185: 4178: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4137: 4134: 4114:European Union 4103: 4100: 4058: 4055: 4026: 4023: 4003:Rzeczpospolita 3987: 3986: 3967: 3965: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3925:Steven Levitan 3906: 3903: 3879:Yitzhak Shamir 3830: 3827: 3803:Following the 3791:Prime Minister 3772:David Cesarani 3741:Channel 4 News 3713:Fuck the Poles 3689:, but also an 3606:Polish Embassy 3564:Polish British 3524:Czech Republic 3516:EU enlargement 3508:Thornton Heath 3499: 3498:United Kingdom 3496: 3494: 3491: 3454:anti-immigrant 3391:Main article: 3388: 3387:"Polish jokes" 3385: 3315:Joanna Michlic 3308:Kazimierz Kutz 3306:and filmmaker 3248:Yitzhak Shamir 3235: 3232: 3211:Final Solution 3192:Main article: 3189: 3186: 3039: 3036: 2979:Stepan Bandera 2964:Polish cavalry 2949:intelligentsia 2941:Katyn Massacre 2810:Polish decrees 2793: 2790: 2636: 2633: 2538:Polish culture 2443:Russian Empire 2391:by the Polish 2369:King of Poland 2348:Personal union 2344:Teutonic Order 2320: 2313: 2309:Polish plumber 2298:Vladimir Putin 2281: 2278: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2197: 2190: 2182: 2179: 2156: 2153: 2073:discrimination 2020: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1905:Reverse racism 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1875:Prisoner abuse 1872: 1867: 1865:Power distance 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1783:Ethnic penalty 1780: 1779: 1778: 1776:Neurodiversity 1773: 1763: 1761:Dehumanization 1758: 1753: 1751:Cisnormativity 1748: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1727:Related topics 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1571:State religion 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1507:Nuremberg Laws 1504: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1449:Ghetto benches 1446: 1444:Gerrymandering 1441: 1436: 1431: 1429:Gender pay gap 1426: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1206:Lavender scare 1203: 1201:Kill Haole Day 1198: 1196:Indian rolling 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1082:Eliminationism 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1017:Cancel culture 1014: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 991: 990: 989: 988: 986:Manifestations 985: 984: 981: 980: 974: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 878:Middle Eastern 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 844: 843: 833: 828: 823: 818: 817: 816: 811: 806: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 712: 711: 706: 701: 691: 686: 681: 680: 679: 674: 669: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 628: 627: 626: 625: 619: 618: 615: 614: 608: 607: 605:Zoroastrianism 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 581: 580: 570: 569: 568: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 536: 535: 534: 532:Untouchability 529: 519: 514: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 482: 477: 472: 466: 465: 464: 463: 458: 457: 454: 453: 447: 446: 441: 436: 435: 434: 429: 424: 414: 413: 412: 407: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 350:Leprosy stigma 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 216: 215: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206: 205: 199: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 167: 166: 161: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 94: 93: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 78: 77: 72: 67: 62: 56: 55: 54: 53: 50: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 34:Discrimination 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11656: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11585: 11582: 11578: 11571: 11566: 11564: 11559: 11557: 11552: 11551: 11548: 11536: 11528: 11526: 11518: 11517: 11514: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11485:Social stigma 11483: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11108:State atheism 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11044:Jim Crow laws 11042: 11041: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11029:One-drop rule 11027: 11025: 11023: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10944:Blood quantum 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10923: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10891:Victimisation 10889: 10887: 10886:Trans bashing 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10856:Religious war 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10836:Racialization 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10718: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10707:Glass ceiling 10705: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10650:Ethnic hatred 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10585:Counter-jihad 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10534: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10369: 10368:United States 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10232: 10231:United States 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10174: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10152:Protestantism 10150: 10148: 10145: 10141: 10138: 10137: 10136: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10067:LDS or Mormon 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10025: 10021: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9997:Transmisogyny 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9900:Gerontophobia 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9830:Anti-intersex 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9805:Anti-albinism 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9668: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9646:Institutional 9644: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9626: 9621: 9619: 9614: 9612: 9607: 9606: 9603: 9591: 9583: 9581: 9573: 9571: 9563: 9562: 9559: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9541: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9436: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9417:Wine industry 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9342: 9339: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9320: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9306: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9245:South America 9243: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9233:United States 9231: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9223:North America 9221: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9197: 9194: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9010:Racialization 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8975:Ethnic hatred 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8939: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8892:Laissez-faire 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8877:Institutional 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8862:Environmental 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8817: 8812: 8810: 8805: 8803: 8798: 8797: 8794: 8788:at Wiktionary 8787: 8786: 8785:Anti-Polonism 8780: 8776: 8773: 8772:Anti-Polonism 8768: 8764: 8763: 8754: 8753:0-253-21771-7 8750: 8746: 8744: 8743:0-8131-2559-6 8740: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8730:1-936235-15-3 8727: 8723: 8722: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8706:83-7063-148-7 8703: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8691:0-7864-0773-5 8688: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8669:0-9698020-0-5 8666: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8590: 8586: 8580: 8564: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8529: 8521: 8517: 8511: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8487: 8481: 8475: 8468: 8463: 8454: 8448: 8442:, pp. 203-237 8441: 8437: 8431: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8411: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8317:NY Daily News 8313: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8288: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8254: 8250: 8245: 8238: 8222: 8218: 8212: 8204: 8200: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8153:. 24 May 2018 8152: 8148: 8142: 8134: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8026: 8022: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7943: 7937: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7906: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7771: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7736: 7732: 7731:The Economist 7728: 7722: 7706: 7699: 7684: 7678: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7618: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7587: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7544: 7528: 7522: 7520: 7503: 7499: 7493: 7477: 7473: 7466: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7421: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7380: 7379:UK Parliament 7376: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7297:Tara Conlan. 7293: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7264: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7174: 7159: 7153: 7142: 7136: 7121: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7077: 7073: 7066: 7051: 7045: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6983: 6981: 6972: 6968: 6961: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6903: 6899: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6817: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6759: 6744: 6738: 6731: 6730:0-8264-1643-8 6727: 6723: 6722: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6704: 6698: 6690: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6656: 6646: 6639: 6638:0-226-11230-6 6635: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6619: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6594: 6593: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6512: 6510: 6494: 6488: 6469: 6462: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6391: 6384: 6378: 6371: 6365: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6341: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6304: 6299: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6208: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6174: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6144: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6086: 6079: 6073: 6066: 6060: 6052: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6027:0-7146-8444-9 6024: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6005: 6003: 6002:0-7146-8444-9 5999: 5995: 5987: 5980: 5979:0-7146-8444-9 5976: 5972: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5945: 5938: 5937:0-415-34358-5 5934: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5870: 5862: 5856: 5848: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5827:Per Finsted. 5823: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5761: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5621: 5614: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5550:1-4039-0119-8 5547: 5543: 5540: 5534: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5472: 5466: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5439: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5350: 5341: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5286: 5285:0-09-945482-3 5282: 5279: 5273: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5214: 5213:0-7735-2234-4 5210: 5206: 5205: 5198: 5192: 5191:0-275-96141-9 5188: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5142: 5132: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4984: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4948: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4900:963-9241-18-0 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4846: 4840: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4630:Vladimir Dahl 4626: 4610: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4507: 4500: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4472: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4412:(1): 95–100. 4411: 4407: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4354: 4348: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4266: 4265:www.ushmm.org 4262: 4256: 4241: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4194:Anti-Polonism 4189: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4145: 4142: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4122:Martin Schulz 4119: 4115: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3998: 3994: 3983: 3971: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3905:United States 3902: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873:, an Israeli 3872: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3794:David Cameron 3792: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3767:The Economist 3763: 3759: 3756:Party in the 3755: 3751: 3750:David Cameron 3747: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3700:The Economist 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:The Holocaust 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3633:The Guardian' 3629: 3628:Efraim Zuroff 3625: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3600:In 2009, the 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3504: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3480:Karol Wojtyła 3476: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3414:United States 3411: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3217:, as well as 3216: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143:Bloody Sunday 3138: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3101:staged trials 3098: 3097:Ł. Ciepliński 3094: 3091:agents (see: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3081:Armia Krajowa 3077: 3073: 3072:Joseph Stalin 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3034: 3031: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2894:, as well as 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2755:Yezhovshchina 2752: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2523:Russification 2520: 2516: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447:Rurik dynasty 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2240:German Empire 2236: 2235:Polakożerstwo 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215:polakożerstwo 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065:their culture 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041:anti-Polonism 2038: 2031: 2026: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1959:Social stigma 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1593: 1592: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566:State atheism 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1502:Jim Crow laws 1500: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1487:One-drop rule 1485: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1402:Blood quantum 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1380: 1379: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343:Victimisation 1341: 1339: 1338:Trans bashing 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1308:Religious war 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1288:Racialization 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:Glass ceiling 1157: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1102:Ethnic hatred 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1037:Counter-jihad 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 993: 992: 983: 982: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 842: 839: 838: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 815: 814:United States 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 678: 677:United States 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 664: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 623: 617: 616: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 590:Protestantism 588: 586: 583: 579: 576: 575: 574: 571: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 523: 520: 518: 515: 511: 508: 506: 505:LDS or Mormon 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 487: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 461: 456: 455: 445: 442: 440: 437: 433: 430: 428: 427:Transmisogyny 425: 423: 420: 419: 418: 415: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 330:Gerontophobia 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 260:Anti-intersex 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 235:Anti-albinism 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 208: 207: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 87: 86: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 60:Institutional 58: 57: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 32: 31: 27: 23: 22: 19: 11597: 11319:Gender-blind 11206:Human rights 11034:Racial quota 11021: 11001:Jewish quota 10981:Gerontocracy 10976:Gender roles 10954:Disabilities 10939:Blood purity 10911:Wife selling 10901:White flight 10881:Slut-shaming 10861:Scapegoating 10779:Murder music 10461: 10452:Palestinians 10395:Anti-Zionism 10263:South Africa 10248:Black people 10226:South Africa 10047:Christianity 10037:Baháʼí Faith 9965:Sectarianism 9905:Heterosexism 9870:Ephebiphobia 9840:Anti-Masonry 9707:Hair texture 9540:in Australia 9530:Racial quota 9174:Soviet Union 9117:Saudi Arabia 9058:South Africa 8985:Ethnic slurs 8980:Ethnic jokes 8882:Internalized 8784: 8774:at Wikiquote 8697: 8682: 8675: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8634:Bibliography 8619:. 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Retrieved 4301:The Guardian 4300: 4290: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4243:. Retrieved 4234: 4220:(1): 27–42. 4217: 4213: 4207: 4188: 4168: 4161: 4143: 4139: 4126:Andrzej Duda 4111: 4087:Andrzej Duda 4084: 4062: 4060: 4029:The former " 4028: 4019:Polonophobic 4012: 4001: 3990: 3977: 3969: 3914: 3908: 3887: 3859: 3847: 3832: 3824: 3821: 3802: 3780: 3765: 3739: 3729: 3720: 3712: 3706: 3698: 3686: 3664: 3658: 3654:antisemitism 3632: 3623:The Guardian 3621: 3620: 3613: 3599: 3583:Conservative 3580: 3513: 3484: 3467: 3451: 3446: 3436: 3425: 3421: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3378: 3366:Adam Michnik 3361: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3319:Jan T. Gross 3312: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3256:Adam Michnik 3245: 3237: 3200:World War II 3197: 3182:Polish jokes 3174:East Germany 3171: 3157: 3154:David Hoggan 3146: 3129: 3125:trade unions 3121: 3113:Soviet Union 3079: 3069: 3046:Memorial to 3027: 3001: 2987: 2976: 2957: 2922: 2899: 2872:World War II 2869: 2865:Karol Karski 2862: 2857: 2854: 2847: 2833: 2775: 2759: 2732:Soviet Union 2728:Great Terror 2725: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2674: 2654: 2614: 2610:Rugi Pruskie 2609: 2602: 2592: 2578: 2568: 2559: 2531: 2512: 2492:liberum veto 2489: 2471: 2432: 2414: 2406:German Reich 2401: 2378: 2333: 2306: 2285: 2283: 2274:Soviet Union 2247: 2234: 2214: 2212: 2184: 2174: 2161:antypolonizm 2160: 2158: 2137:Nazi Germany 2118:anti-Semites 2114:stereotyping 2111: 2104: 2092:German Nazis 2088:World War II 2081: 2052: 2049:Antypolonizm 2040: 2037:Polonophobia 2036: 2035: 1793:Gender-blind 1672:Human rights 1492:Racial quota 1479: 1459:Jewish quota 1439:Gerontocracy 1434:Gender roles 1412:Disabilities 1397:Blood purity 1363:Wife selling 1353:White flight 1333:Slut-shaming 1313:Scapegoating 1231:Murder music 898:Palestinians 841:Anti-Zionism 709:South Africa 694:Black people 672:South Africa 485:Christianity 475:Baháʼí Faith 395:Sectarianism 335:Heterosexism 300:Ephebiphobia 270:Anti-Masonry 129:Hair texture 18: 11221:Nonviolence 11216:LGBT rights 11181:Empowerment 11149:Anti-racism 11071:Segregation 11016:No kid zone 10816:Persecution 10729:Hate speech 10680:Gay bashing 10655:Ethnic joke 10610:Dog whistle 10555:Blood libel 10243:Azerbaijani 10147:Neopaganism 10140:Persecution 10106:Persecution 10089:Persecution 10052:Catholicism 9987:Transphobia 9970:Supremacism 9925:Lesbophobia 9845:Aporophobia 9810:Anti-autism 9661:Taste-based 9656:Statistical 9455:Anti-racism 9196:Middle East 9090:South Korea 9085:North Korea 9000:Hate speech 8922:Substantive 8902:Neocolonial 8621:16 December 8595:16 December 8569:16 December 8328:28 November 8050:www.msn.com 7974:24 February 7948:24 February 7576:29 February 7482:25 February 7404:Krakow Post 6622:Ted Cohen, 6516:(in Polish) 6477:24 February 6209:, May 1999. 6093:The Germans 5494:29 February 5330:25 February 5177:Vilho Harle 5136:(in Polish) 5121:24 February 4771:(in German) 4492:20 December 4454:Der Spiegel 4136:Netherlands 4035:Lech Wałęsa 3919:created by 3916:Back to You 3866:Israel Katz 3817:Hammersmith 3732:Stephen Fry 3675:ethnic slur 3671:Giles Coren 3650:nationalism 3646:Catholicism 3597:to do so." 3393:Polish joke 3370:anti-goyism 3332:, a Polish 3240:Józef Glemp 3178:Solidarność 3162:Ernst Nolte 3135: [ 2842:was a Nazi 2751:labor camps 2712:Saisonstaat 2685:Curzon line 2617:World War I 2587:Vilho Harle 2580:Taras Bulba 2360:Catholicism 2338:during the 2315:Before the 2300:'s liberal 2249:Kulturkampf 2203:Stereotypes 1687:Nonviolence 1682:LGBT rights 1647:Empowerment 1615:Anti-racism 1529:Segregation 1474:No kid zone 1268:Persecution 1181:Hate speech 1132:Gay bashing 1107:Ethnic joke 1062:Dog whistle 1007:Blood libel 689:Azerbaijani 585:Neopaganism 578:Persecution 544:Persecution 527:Persecution 490:Catholicism 417:Transphobia 400:Supremacism 355:Lesbophobia 275:Aporophobia 240:Anti-autism 75:Taste-based 70:Statistical 11628:Categories 11495:Stereotype 11490:Speciesism 11371:Oppression 11366:Oikophobia 11262:Allophilia 11246:Toleration 11103:Sodomy law 10996:Internment 10916:Witch-hunt 10794:Blackhawks 10724:Hate group 10712:Hate crime 10685:Gendercide 10675:Freak show 10665:Excellence 10625:Employment 10595:Defamation 10527:Vietnamese 10522:Venezuelan 10412:Lithuanian 10079:Falun Gong 10014:Xenophobia 10009:Vegaphobia 9992:Non-binary 9950:Pedophobia 9915:Homophobia 9737:Skin color 9697:Disability 9670:Attributes 9651:Structural 9334:Vietnamese 9107:Arab world 9005:Hate group 8995:Hate crime 8932:Xenophobia 8912:Scientific 8897:Linguistic 8558:EUobserver 8355:2 February 7843:19 October 7637:12 October 7599:. London. 7218:. London. 6907:28 October 6782:Onet Sport 6732:. Page 99. 6627:- Page 21. 6493:"Spowiedź" 6404:. London: 6096:. Putnam. 6078:Commentary 5893:20 October 4779:Düsseldorf 4460:26 October 4307:20 October 4148:References 4106:See also: 4080:Hruszowice 4031:Solidarity 3980:April 2024 3850:Anna Azari 3835:Yair Lapid 3809:Huntingdon 3640:articles, 3615:Daily Mail 3514:Since the 3475:David Ives 3258:wrote for 3093:W. Pilecki 3054:, western 2863:Historian 2844:false flag 2734:, a major 2598:the revolt 2562:Panslavist 2542:Namestniks 2509:(painting) 2433:After the 2397:Lebensraum 2194:xenophobic 2145:war crimes 2141:"subhuman" 1969:Stereotype 1964:Speciesism 1845:Oppression 1840:Oikophobia 1736:Allophilia 1712:Toleration 1561:Sodomy law 1454:Internment 1368:Witch-hunt 1246:Blackhawks 1176:Hate group 1164:Hate crime 1137:Gendercide 1127:Freak show 1117:Excellence 1077:Employment 1047:Defamation 971:Vietnamese 966:Venezuelan 858:Lithuanian 517:Falun Gong 444:Xenophobia 439:Vegaphobia 422:Non-binary 380:Pedophobia 345:Homophobia 159:Skin color 119:Disability 90:Attributes 65:Structural 11468:Christian 11396:Prejudice 11344:Masculism 11292:Diversity 11086:religious 11061:Redlining 10660:Ethnocide 10620:Education 10512:Ukrainian 10447:Pakistani 10437:Mongolian 10358:Australia 10340:Hungarian 10295:Colombian 10275:Bulgarian 10157:Rastafari 10111:Ahmadiyya 10024:Religious 10002:Trans men 9960:Pregnancy 9895:Gayphobia 9890:Fatphobia 9795:Acephobia 9790:Arophobia 9774:Viewpoint 9515:Race card 9450:Alt-right 9250:Argentina 9211:Palestine 9129:Australia 8955:Apartheid 8943:of racism 8615:DutchNews 8349:Warsaw FM 8297:www.rp.pl 8227:22 August 7817:9 October 7807:Channel 4 7787:9 October 7711:9 October 7667:9 October 7657:Channel 4 7597:The Times 7502:The Times 7476:The Times 7455:6 January 7334:The Times 6927:The Times 6857:0038-0288 6664:Page 176. 6406:Routledge 6396:Cas Mudde 6325:Routledge 6282:0021-6704 6200:20 August 4931:. BRILL. 4825:7 January 4487:oko.press 4434:162660808 4426:1350-1674 4047:Lithuania 4025:Lithuania 3687:The Times 3666:The Times 3573:far-right 3540:Lithuania 3439:Wisconsin 3403:affective 3076:Home Army 3064:Ukrainian 3011:Auschwitz 2910:Auschwitz 2858:leitmotiv 2350:with the 2155:Etymology 2107:Auschwitz 1942:Christian 1870:Prejudice 1818:Masculism 1766:Diversity 1544:religious 1519:Redlining 1112:Ethnocide 1072:Education 956:Ukrainian 893:Pakistani 883:Mongolian 804:Australia 786:Hungarian 741:Colombian 721:Bulgarian 595:Rastafari 549:Ahmadiyya 460:Religious 432:Trans men 390:Pregnancy 325:Gayphobia 320:Fatphobia 225:Acephobia 220:Arophobia 196:Viewpoint 11525:Category 11507:The talk 11443:Snobbery 11361:Net bias 11191:Feminism 11118:Ugly law 10959:Catholic 10927:policies 10774:Mortgage 10769:Lynching 10700:examples 10695:Genocide 10615:Economic 10600:Democide 10560:Bullying 10477:Romanian 10442:Nigerian 10385:Japanese 10320:Georgian 10305:Filipino 10238:Assyrian 10211:Armenian 10201:American 10196:Albanian 10178:National 10162:Yazidism 10084:Hinduism 10042:Buddhism 9945:Nepotism 9940:Misogyny 9935:Misandry 9860:Clannism 9855:Biphobia 9800:Adultism 9717:Language 9570:Category 9485:Lynching 9460:Casteism 9305:Japanese 9164:Portugal 9095:Thailand 9063:Zimbabwe 8927:Symbolic 8917:Societal 8907:Romantic 8872:Gendered 8852:Cultural 8842:Colorism 8837:Aversive 8563:Archived 8438:, 2007, 8419:Archived 8322:Archived 8253:Archived 8183:22 April 8177:NBC News 7870:25 April 7866:. London 7811:Archived 7781:Archived 7760:25 April 7756:. London 7683:"Poland" 7661:Archived 7601:Archived 7508:25 April 7478:. London 7449:Archived 7340:25 April 7336:. London 7278:. London 7252:25 April 7226:25 April 7220:Archived 7189:Archived 7082:25 April 7078:. London 7010:Archived 6945:BBC News 6902:BBC News 6865:24642799 6632:, 1999. 6523:Archived 6424:55228719 6398:(2005). 6385:Page 25. 5939:Page 166 5915:Page 182 5793:Archived 5749:Archived 5682:40868197 5607:28 April 5576:28 April 5523:28 April 5402:25778017 5215:Page 69. 5043:27920649 4873:Archived 4814:(2000). 4615:20 April 4530:Archived 4481:(2018). 4391:27502139 4359:20 April 4337:20 April 4303:. London 4285:. Page 9 4197:Archived 3941:kielbasa 3927:called " 3783:Dagenham 3736:Jon Snow 3604:and the 3556:Slovenia 3552:Slovakia 3176:against 3060:graffiti 3038:Post-war 2983:Volhynia 2908:such as 2828:Red Army 2605:Bismarck 2585:— Prof. 2424:Iroquois 2354:and the 2294:Masovian 2181:Features 2098:. 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