3171:, the Lucy Foster Homestead was home to Lucy Foster, who was born in 1767 in Boston, Massachusetts. As a child, she was taken in by a wealthy family, the Foster’s, and provided a home, and in return the family was granted compensation from the parish, and gained a working hand in daily chores and tasks. She served as the only African in the household for 11 years, before another child, Sarah Gilbert, was taken in by the Foster’s. After the abolition of slavery in Massachusetts, it appears that Lucy stayed with Hannah Foster, the matriarch of the Foster family. Limitation and lack of opportunities in post-emancipation Massachusetts may have contributed to this decision. At the age of 24, Lucy was “warned” out town by a letter that read, “You are, in the Name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, directed to warn and give Notice unto Lucy a Negroe Woman formerly a Servant of Job Foster…” This was a common practice meant to reduce the populations of Black and Indigenous populations in New England. Two years passed without incident, and Lucy seems to have returned to Andover once again. At 26, she is said to have given a “Profession of Faith,” to the South Parish Congregational Church, and a month later, Peter, Lucy’s son, is baptized. Peter’s age, location of birth, and paternal relation is unknown. Following the death of Hannah Foster in 1812, Lucy was granted one cow, one hundred dollars, and an acre of her land, per the instructions in the will. This information comes before the fate of her own children, suggesting a degree of familiarity between Lucy and the Foster matriarch. Not much is known about Lucy following this, until her death in 1845
3183:. Battle-Baptiste questions what poverty looks like in the material record, and how that material record was interpreted in the 1940s by the Bullens. In terms of Lucy’s material record, she had a wide array of items, including pearlware, Chinese porcelain, red ware, whitewall, and more, totaling 113 vessels, suggesting that ideas of poverty are variable throughout time. As Battle-Baptiste reanalyzed Lucy Foster’s homestead, she envisioned Lucy as independent, respected, and placed in a system that negotiated her freedom, but still experienced a degree of restriction based on her identity. The assemblage found at Lucy Foster’s home could also be evidence of her relative social position in Andover. Due to her isolation, it is possible that her positioning was advantageous to night travelers, and that this could be evidence of her role in the anti-slavery movement and contribution to
2985:, and performance theory, among others. Many archaeologists engaged in gender research avoid the label of “feminist,” largely due to the perceived negative connotations of the word. Others within the discipline have an oversimplified understanding of feminist archaeology's history and aims, and as a consequence mistakenly conflate it with postmodernism. Some archaeologists have argued against the continued incorporation of feminist thought, which is inherently political, into archaeological studies of gender. Few works in gender archaeology have actively engaged in challenging patriarchal power structures beyond rectifying androcentric histories. Feminist archaeology engages in challenging and changing interpretive frameworks employed by archaeologists: “Feminism is a politics aimed at changing gender-based power relations.” Noted feminist philosopher
3152:, a proponent of Black Feminist Archaeology (BFA), talks about the theories and methodology of Black Feminist Archaeology in her book Black Feminist Archaeology. According to Battle-Baptiste, BFA focuses on "the intersectionality of race, gender, and class" and the doubled or tripled form of oppression due to one's multiple identities. BFA researches into the past with the goal of connecting it to present-day racism and sexism. BFA seeks to combine traditional archaeology's strict material analysis with nearby historical and contemporary communities' cultural landscapes. Aided by these methods, Black Feminist Archaeology has the potential to diversify the questions asked and knowledge produced in archaeology. The
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Since the advent of the new millennium, there has been a shift away from such dichotomized spatial separation of gender. In historical archaeology, feminist archaeologists have been crucial to widening the definition of what constitutes a household from a familial model based on
Western norms, such as household archaeology projects studying brothels and fraternities. By engaging with broader household literature, archaeologists have begun to re-conceive household, long considered autonomous analytical units, as political spaces, occupied by social actors occupying different social positions shaped by gender, race, age, occupation, socioeconomic status, and so on.
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point production and butchering at kill sites, were prioritized in research time and funding; and that the very character of the discipline was constructed around masculine values and norms. For example, women were generally encouraged to pursue laboratory studies instead of fieldwork (although there were exceptions throughout the history of the discipline) and the image of the archaeologist was centered on the rugged, masculine, “cowboy of science”. In 1991, two publications marked the emergence of feminist archaeology on a large scale: the edited volume
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modern day hunter-gatherer groups that have the same behavior, Sterling suggests that this reinforces tribal stereotypes. Ideas of the innateness of violence and primitiveness of men are also implied. Sterling juxtaposes this view of prehistoric competition with the sexual violence experienced by enslaved Black women in the United States, and the criminality imposed on relations between Black men and White women. Consensual interactions between people of different races was seen as a historical impossibly, and that woman were not granted sexual agency.
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wait for a man to come along and do it for them. The argument behind this assumption, that men possess greater upper-body strength, was dismissed by Gero, who pointed out physical strength is not an imperative quality in someone skilled at making stone tools. Additionally, Gero pointed out the great emphasis in research time and money towards studies concerned with the most “masculine” of stone tools, such as projectile points, while stone tools likely made and used by women, for example utilized flakes, have been relatively ignored.
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rejects the separation or prioritization of one or another form of oppression. Black
Feminist Archeology is heavily inspired by Black Feminist Anthropology, with the addition of archaeological theory introduced to create a "purposefully coarse and textured analytical framework." This theoretical approach connects contemporary concepts of racism and sexism with the past, and draws connections between past influences and the way in which the past has influenced and shaped the present.
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activities due to decreased mobility resulting from pregnancy and their role in raising young children. This model has been critiqued by feminist anthropologists, as underplaying the evolutionary importance of women in favor of portraying them strictly as passive objects of reproduction and nothing more. Adrienne
Zihlman, tracing the evolutionary achievements ascribed to males as hunters, pointed out that female gathering activities could just as easily account for such adaptations.
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Exploring the domestic sphere with an emphasis on race, she demonstrates that the types of domestic works captive women did differ from those of the
European women. Relying on elder generations' social memory, Battle-Baptiste suggests that home is not the "four walls of a twenty foot dwelling." It extends into larger environment to incorporate the yard, and it is a place for people "to regroup, to learn strategies of survival, find strength, and create thoughts of resistance."
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3078:. The use of black feminist work, which calls to attention the inherent connectivity between gender and class in the U.S. has been an important step in advancing the use of intersectional analysis in archaeology. The intersectional approach faced a lot of “oppositional consciousness” that intervened in the flow of hegemonic feminist theory” and challenges in crossing the boundaries and negotiating with the terms of belonging in the community.
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gender-race-class as a means of exploring identity by historical archaeologists. Although many such studies have focused on white, middle-class women of the recent Anglo-American past, the articulation of gender with other aspects of identity is starting to be applied to Native
American women and African Americans. The work of Kathleen Deagan on Spanish colonial sites in the US and Caribbean has pioneered a movement of study of gender in the
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the influence or direction of AMHs. Another complicating factor is DNA evidence, that shows that there was substantial sexual interaction between the species of Homo across
Eurasia. This DNA shows that interbreeding between these species was prevalent enough to continue to persist in modern genomes today, but not so much as to have overwhelming percentages in modern populations.
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3126:, and learned nothing from this species that evolved over thousands of years successfully. The other leading interaction, competition, leads to the idea that the Neanderthal extinction was caused by Cro-Magnons out-competing them, which again lines up with Sterling's assertion that this implies that Neanderthals were an inferior race.
3057:. Narrative has been argued as an effective means by which archaeologists can create multivocal and more broadly accessible interpretations and presentations. The use of storytelling “demonstrate how narrative is a powerful tool for bringing texture, nuance, and humanity to women’s experiences as evidenced through archaeology”).
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institutions. For example, B.L Voss challenges the St. Augustine
Pattern in colonial period by applying postcolonial and poststructural feminist theories. She examines the applicability of St. Augustine Pattern from six aspects of life and concludes that this pattern reduces the complexity of colonial history.
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political way. Non-feminist archaeologists are less compelled to position themselves within their work, or reflect on how their position affects their work. Investigating gender independent of feminism, however, elides the aims of early studies and represents gender and sex in a conceptually deficient manner.
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Despite the positive change affected on archaeology, feminist thought is still not as widely implemented into mainstream archaeology, and when it is, it is often done so by women. When gender is considered in archaeological analyses, it is often only one factor amid a myriad of others within a larger
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That being said, there remains an issue where women's roles are indeed illuminated, but the roles and activities they performed are not engaged critically, and are, as
Margaret Conkey says, "unproblematized." In addition, the reinterpretation of androcentrism into gynocentrism, as with naming ancient
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The
Hermitage Plantation belonged to the seventh president Andrew Jackson, which had more than 160 slaves. In her research, Battle-Baptiste not only examines the physical landscape of the Hermitage but also delves into the cultural meanings, socialization processes, and Black agency within the space.
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along male and female sexes. Males were in charge of hunting, and presumably through this activity developed important evolutionary traits, such as increased brain size. Meanwhile, females stayed at home and raised the young. An assumption behind this model is that women were constrained from certain
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Feminist archaeology has had a lasting impact on archaeology that continues to grow today. Through the implementation of feminist thought in archaeology, visibility of women, both in the past and in the present, has been steadily increasing. One of the biggest contributions from feminist archaeology
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in archaeology is not addressed and if humans are not seen as gendered, archaeologists will miss the truth due to repeated reproduction of modern gender stereotypes. Following this trend, archaeologists challenge the hypothesis that, in ancient societies, women were always the gathers while men were
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Feminist concern has been primarily with women; however, emerging concern with the exploration and intricacies of masculinities in archaeology is rising. Masculine identity constructs and social reproduction of normative masculinity are some of the topics that have been addressed by a limited number
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Unfortunately, little is known about the dynamics of these relationships between
Neanderthals and AMHS. Citing a 2012 New York Times article, where Dr. Chris Stringer describes the inbreeding between Neanderthals and AMHs as “aggressive acts between competing human groups,” which he says are akin to
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summed up the feminist critique of the discipline at that time: that archaeologists were unproblematically overlaying modern-day, Western gender norms onto past societies, for example in the sexual division of labor; that contexts and artifacts attributed to the activities of men, such as projectile
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has also began to reflect on itself as a strongly masculine archaeology subfield. Oftentimes, maritime archaeology studies warfare, shipwrecks, and sea battles, leaving the social aspects of maritime life marginalized and unexplored. Maritime archaeologists interpretations of the pasts also fail to
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One important realm of research for feminist archaeologists, along with some non-feminists, is de-centering Westernized forms of history in favor of privileging alternative conceptions and interpretations of the past, and exploring non-traditional ways of conveying knowledge. A growing body of work
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Since the early feminist critiques of archaeology, gender has gained enormous popularity within the discipline. The label “feminist” has not been embraced by most archaeologists, however. A split between gender and feminist archaeologies formed during the 1990s. Gender archaeology has become a wide
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Archaeological studies of domestic sites have been particularly affected by ongoing feminist work. The long-standing trend in archaeology to associate women with domestic spaces, placed in opposition to the association with men and “public” spaces, has been a continuous locus of feminist research.
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However, new analyses have complicated this relationship. New finds of a collapsed shelter of mammoth bones, red ochre, and non-butchery marks on mammoth bones, dated before the arrival of AMHs to the area, suggest that Neanderthals were capable of performing this kind of symbolic activity without
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challenged androcentric explanations of tool-making on several levels. First, the common assumption that tool-making was almost exclusively associated with men was almost certainly false; at the least, women were far more likely to produce their own tools as needed in domestic contexts rather than
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Though exact dates are contested and variable, it can be said that anatomically modern humans (AMH) and Neanderthals interacted and lived among one another for a sustained amount of time. The ways in which AMHs and Neanderthals were thought to have interacted are through cultural transmission and
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controversy highlighted the importance of this kind of work. Parallels have been drawn between feminist archaeology and Indigenous archaeology, focusing on how both work to break down the male, white, middle-class, Western monopoly to accessing knowledge about the past. This type of work helps to
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A point of contention in Lucy’s story for Battle-Baptiste is the question of her poverty, and how poverty shaped Lucy’s identity, or her identity was shaped by poverty. She suggests that, like many other African American women did at the time, Lucy likely continued to work service jobs and other
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Still, competition does not explain the probabilities of infanticide, abortion, and abandonment of the children born from Neanderthal and AMH interaction, which again ignore the agency of women in these populations, Sterling claims. Instead of Neanderthals withering away from climatic violence,
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Black Feminist Archaeology is relatively new within the discipline of archaeology, and has been predominantly led by Black women in historical North American contexts. It focuses on the intersection between race, gender, and class in the interpretation of the American archaeological record, and
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Archaeologist Kathleen Sterling proposes two ways that black feminist theory can be applied to archaeology outside of historical North American contexts: (1) by studying the Paleolithic people of Europe in a way that attempts to be cognizant of our interpretations of primitiveness, while also
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not employed by feminists lacks such characteristics. Gender is currently a common topic of study in archaeology among non-feminists. Such studies focus on identifying gendered activities and material culture and on the gender roles of past peoples, but do not present themselves in an overtly
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Before the 1990's, there wasn't a lot of archaeological research dealing with sexuality. Entering into the 2000's, more researchers apply feminist theory and queer theory to study reproduction management, sexual representations, sexual identities, prostitution, and the sexual politics of
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Feminist archaeologists continue to challenge archaeological norms and expand research into new intellectual territories. They argue for the incorporation of alternative forms of knowledge and representation; for example, black and Indigenous epistemologies have been employed by feminist
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Feminist archaeology has expanded in recent years to include intersectional analyses, such as Black Feminist archaeology, Indigenous archaeology, and post-colonial archaeology. It also began to pay more attention to household studies, the study of masculinity, and the study of sexuality.
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Inspired by the feminist trend, some archaeologists began to reflect on Archaeology as a discipline itself. Feminist critics lists three types of androcentrism exists in archaeology: 1) focusing on presumed male roles such as hunter, warrior, chief, and farmers; 2) under-analyzing in
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Sterling posits that they were rather absorbed into AMH communities because of their interbreeding and child rearing. This view echoes other theories about Neanderthal disappearance, but acknowledges their autonomy and agency as well, despite leading to their extinction as a species.
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the linkage between gender, race, and class has been increasingly explored, but other aspects of identity, notably sexuality, have been examined as well in relation to gender. Intersectional analysis has not been limited to feminist archaeology, as illustrated by the prevalent use of
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has critiqued the uncritical application of modern, Western norms and values to past societies. It is additionally concerned with increasing the representation of women in the discipline of archaeology, and reducing androcentric bias within the field.
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Lightfoot 2005. Indians, missionaries, and merchants: the legacy of colonial encounters on the Californian Frontiers; Howlett 2004. Gendered Practices: Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Evidence of Native American Social Divisions of Labor.
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Despite the storied life that Lucy Foster lived, and the importance of her site as one of the first excavated African American sites in the United States, her story is not well known in Archaeology, or in Massachusetts.
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sites, both of which are assumed to be diffused from AMHs. This interpretation of the cultural interaction between AMHs and Neanderthals, Sterling claims, assumes that Neanderthals are an inferior race to the superior
3223:"acknowledge there are other ways to be male and female." Considering the vastness of sea and the great potential of maritime archaeology, scholar Jesse Ransley advocate for the queering of maritime archaeology.
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Additionally, there has been a lack of crossover between mainstream feminist academia and archaeological theory, showcasing that feminist archaeology has not yet made the jump into mainstream feminist circles.
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involves involvement with descendant communities, giving them a voice in archaeological investigations and interpretations of the past. The public demand for allowing descendant communities a voice in the
2937:, which focused on women and gender in post-Columbian America. Outside the Americas, feminist archaeology enjoyed an earlier emergence and greater support among the greater archaeological community.
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Sterling uses a Black Feminist framework to showcase how different aspects of life and identity intersect and impact areas of interest, and produce more complex understandings of prehistoric life.
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ed. Robert Schmidt and Barbara Voss 160-178; Voss 2000. Colonial Sex: Archaeology, Structured Space, and Sexuality in Alta California's Spanish-Colonial Missions. See Schmidt and Voss volume 35-61
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is the revisitation of past cultural circumstances, which has led to the reevaluation of women’s roles and revealed situations where women were more present than previously thought.
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Haas, Randall; Watson, James; Buonasera, Tammy; Southon, John; Chen, Jennifer C.; Noe, Sarah; Smith, Kevin; Llave, Carlos Viviano; Eerkens, Jelmer; Parker, Glendon (November 2020).
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kinds of manual labor, like cooking, laundry, and sewing, evidenced by the number of needles, thimbles, and buttons found in her material assemblage. In 1813, Lucy is listed on the
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Feminist researchers should engage in self-reflexivity, recognizing their personal social positions, interests, and values, and discussing how these interact with their research.
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A common analytical technique employed by feminist (and some non-feminist) archaeologists is intersectional analysis, which, following the assertions of black feminists leading
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activities/processes considered to be in the female domain by western tradition; 3) interpreting data "through the eyes of middle-age, middle-class, western white men." If
3041:, based on letters and diaries by early 20th-century prostitutes to explore prostitution. Another example is seen in Laurie Wilkie’s fictional worker involved in the
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Additionally, feminist archaeologists have engaged in the use of fiction to help access the past. This has taken the form of plays, as seen in
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To propose research questions that address people oppressed by systems of inequality structured by gender, in order to change such conditions.
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Feminist research should be grounded in the situated experience of women and other groups marginalized by conventional gender structures.
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paradigm in anthropology, named after a symposium given in the 1960s by some of the most prominent names in archaeology, bifurcated the
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perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as
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in the U.S., maintains that gender cannot be accessed by itself but must be studied in conjunction with other forms of identity. In
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Researchers should be held accountable to those affected by their research; under no means should feminist research exploit others.
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in Massachusetts are examples Battle-Baptiste used to demonstrate the Black Feminist Archaeological approach to historical sites.
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3109:, and the way in which they interacted. Sterling provides an example for how Black feminist theory can be applied to the latter.
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e.g., Seifert et al 2000. Mary Ann Hall's First-Class House: the Archaeology of a Capital Brothel. See Schmidt and Voss volume
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Vol. 9 No. 23; Wilkie 2000. Magical passions: Sexuality and African-American archaeology. See Schmidt and Voss volume 129-142
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DeCunzo 1995. Reform, respite, ritual: An archaeology of institutions; The Magdalen Society of Philadelphia, 1800-1850. In
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Caesalla 2000. Bulldaggers and Gentle Ladies: Archaeological Approaches to Female Homosexuality in Convict-Era Australia.
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Vol. 37 No. 3; Conkey 2005. Dwelling at the margins, action at the intersection? Feminist and indigenous archaeologies.
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archaeologists. There continues to be a feminist critique of the masculine character and organization of archaeology.
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Vol. 2 No. 2; 1996. Colonial Transformation: Euro-American Cultural Genesis in the Early Spanish-American Colonies.
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Vol. 1 No. 1; Wilkie 2005. Inessential archaeologies: problems of exclusion in Americanist archaeological thought.
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Hendon 2006. Living and Working at Home:The Social Archaeology of Household Production and Social Relations.
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Wilkie and Howlett Hayes 2006:252. Engendered and Feminist Archaeologies of the Recent and Documented Pasts.
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and remains listed there until her death in 1845. She was never told to abandon her property or move to an
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Feminist archaeology initially emerged in the late 1970s and early 80s, along with other objections to the
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4048:(2000). "Girling the girl and boying the boy: the production of adulthood in ancient Mesoamerica".
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Wilkie, Laurie A. (2010). "A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity at a University Fraternity".
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Little 1994:10. People with history: An update on historical archaeology in the United States.
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The Lost Boys of Zeta Psi: A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity in a University Fraternity
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The lost boys of Zeta Psi: a historical archaeology of masculinity in a university fraternity
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Moser 2007. On Disciplinary Culture: Archaeology as Fieldwork and Its Gendered Associations.
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acknowledging that our conceptions of primitiveness are racially coded; and (2) by studying
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Colonial encounters in a Native American landscape: the Spanish and Dutch in North America
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of archaeologists. This area of study in general, however, remains relatively unexplored.
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competition. This interaction of cultural transmission is thought to be seen through the
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de-center the privileged position of Western knowledge without removing its relevance.
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4045:
4017:
3952:
3910:
3876:
3837:
3825:
3448:
3402:
3382:
3338:
3326:
3310:
3118:
2686:
2550:
2513:
2508:
2488:
2483:
2453:
2418:
2371:
2361:
2325:
2320:
2305:
2300:
2214:
1949:
1942:
1917:
1907:
1892:
1757:
1730:
1621:
1580:
1556:
1431:
1411:
1398:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1322:
1222:
797:
512:
502:
480:
227:
217:
4111:
5535:
5470:
5437:
5148:
5133:
5004:
4698:
4663:
4487:
4437:
4387:
4340:
4294:
4286:
4229:
4132:
4059:
4031:
3944:
3868:
3817:
3374:
3302:
3272:
3168:
3050:
2921:
2635:
2630:
2540:
2468:
2463:
2423:
2376:
2351:
2288:
2160:
2088:
1937:
1822:
1787:
1705:
1616:
1570:
1546:
1470:
1443:
1406:
1249:
1242:
1232:
1212:
1156:
1139:
1080:
833:
450:
430:
167:
142:
3053:
interpreted the meaning behind a single artifact through a fictional narrative in
5373:
5226:
5128:
4989:
4853:
4831:
4743:
4612:
4571:
4525:
4007:
3438:
3267:
2982:
2917:
2876:
2831:
2239:
2048:
2036:
1842:
1782:
1762:
1720:
1585:
1475:
1421:
1379:
1317:
1312:
1278:
1190:
1144:
694:
634:
611:
360:
3291:
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley (September 1, 2000). "Feminist Scholarship in Archaeology".
5637:
5442:
5432:
5393:
5368:
5138:
5009:
4979:
4959:
4949:
4929:
3753:
Domestic architecture and power: the historical archaeology of colonial Ecuador
3306:
3075:
2950:
2884:
2610:
2053:
2018:
1827:
1638:
1590:
1384:
1344:
1227:
649:
355:
172:
132:
4344:
4234:
4217:
4063:
3821:
2989:
delineates several guidelines imperative for conducting feminist archaeology:
5652:
5410:
4974:
4954:
4934:
4909:
4449:
4426:"Gender, Race, and Labor in the Archaeology of the Spanish Colonial Americas"
4399:
4352:
4243:
4181:
4071:
3914:
3860:
3829:
3609:
The archaeology of ethnogenesis: race and sexuality in colonial San Francisco
3544:
Geller 2009. Identity and Difference: Complicating Gender in Archaeology. In
3386:
3314:
3214:
1912:
1872:
1867:
1777:
1524:
1487:
1112:
1107:
527:
522:
470:
192:
4328:
4095:
3872:
3805:
3245:
figurines as “goddesses,” misses the point of meaningful Feminist critique.
2933:, which focused on women in prehistory, and a thematic issue of the journal
813:
5261:
5108:
4994:
4944:
4641:
4517:
4308:
4290:
4103:
3356:
3330:
2986:
2978:
2913:
2905:
2133:
2063:
1927:
1862:
1857:
1817:
1767:
1529:
1448:
1426:
1327:
1202:
1075:
435:
325:
31:
4136:
3948:
5337:
5216:
5088:
5067:
4924:
4899:
4889:
4848:
3106:
2888:
1541:
1332:
607:
475:
232:
105:
72:
4549:
5400:
5332:
4969:
4160:
Myriam., Nelson, Sarah M. (Sarah Milledge), 1931- Rosen-Ayalon (2002).
3322:
2946:
2093:
2078:
1772:
587:
4079:
3734:
1985. The archaeology of the Spanish contact period in the Caribbean.
3394:
5388:
5347:
4161:
3650:
2003 The archaeology of mothering: an African-American midwife's tale
3180:
3046:
2964:
2073:
2068:
1151:
560:
555:
487:
3203:
2977:
umbrella, including, but not limited to, feminist work that employs
5143:
4491:
4441:
3378:
2872:
1847:
1715:
1283:
805:
4581:
3226:
3023:
5209:
4478:
Conkey, Margaret W. (2003). "Has Feminism Changed Archaeology?".
3045:, interjected in her archaeological study of an African-American
2954:
1514:
597:
577:
545:
335:
4087:
3724:
Engendering African American archaeology: a southern perspective
3014:
4163:
In pursuit of gender : worldwide archaeological approaches
572:
5036:
3294:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3090:
3516:
Embodied Lives: Figuring Ancient Maya and Egyptian Experience
4576:
3156:
in Tennessee, Lucy Foster's homesite in Massachusetts, and
3117:
tool tradition, as well as the presence of worked ivory in
582:
4264:
3903:"DNA Turning Human Story Into a Tell-All (Published 2012)"
3470:, "Genderlithics: Women's Roles in Stone Tool Production".
39:
3595:
Franklin 2001. A Black feminist-inspired archaeology?
3711:
Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut
3409:
5190:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
4821:
3235:
2971:
2899:
4329:"Boats are for boys: queering maritime archaeology"
3526:Conkey 2003. Has Feminism Changed Archaeology? In
3996:ed. by Lynn Meskell and Robert W. Preucel 255-271
3540:
3538:
3536:
3204:Feminist archaeology and the study of masculinity
5650:
3343:American Academy of Political and Social Science
2912:of archaeological thought, such as symbolic and
4218:"Is Androcentric Archaeology Really About Men?"
3936:
3227:Feminist archaeology and the study of sexuality
3024:Alternative forms of knowledge and presentation
3533:
3361:"Sociopolitics and the Woman-at-Home Ideology"
3167:First discovered in the 1940s by Adelaide and
5052:
4597:
4527:Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory
3081:
3015:Ongoing feminist contributions to archaeology
2849:
774:
4194:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4128:Gender and Archaeology: Contesting the Past
3621:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3584:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3571:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
3290:
3091:Black Feminist Archaeological Contributions
5059:
5045:
4604:
4590:
4516:
4215:
4198:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3467:
3415:
3095:
3060:
2856:
2842:
1736:African-American women's suffrage movement
781:
767:
4298:
4233:
4124:
3867:, Routledge, pp. 33–72, 2017-07-05,
3861:"Constructing a Black Feminist Framework"
3144:
2940:
3900:
3803:
3668:Joyce 2002. The Languages of Archaeology
3436:
1681:Discrimination against transgender women
4392:10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085238
4326:
4159:
3937:Battle-Baptiste, Whitney (2017-10-25).
3582:2007. Doing Archaeology as a Feminist.
5651:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4267:"Female hunters of the early Americas"
4005:
3932:
3930:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
5040:
4585:
4577:FemArc Women's network in archaeology
4322:
4320:
4318:
4211:
4209:
4044:
3806:"Black Feminist Theory in Prehistory"
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
4423:
4373:
3355:
3194:
4611:
4464:
3927:
3844:
3740:Journal of Anthropological Research
2926:Archaeology and the Study of Gender
13:
4376:"Sexuality Studies in Archaeology"
4315:
4216:Skogstrand, Lisbeth (2011-04-01).
4206:
4153:
4118:
3780:
3679:Journal of Archaeological Research
14:
5675:
4558:
4125:Gilchrist, Roberta (1999-10-21).
3994:A Companion to Social Archaeology
3804:Sterling, Kathleen (2015-04-01).
3236:Impact of feminism in archaeology
2972:Feminist and gender archaeologies
2900:Emergence of feminist archaeology
5631:
5621:
5620:
4824:
3690:see Schmidt and Voss volume 2008
3249:framework, not a central tenet.
3158:W.E.B. Du Bois' boyhood homesite
3049:in the post-emancipation South.
2825:
2357:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1691:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
812:
38:
5066:
4509:
4424:Voss, Barbara L. (2008-10-01).
4417:
4374:Voss, Barbara L. (2008-10-01).
4367:
4258:
4038:
3999:
3986:
3974:
3965:
3901:Mitchell, Alanna (2012-01-31).
3894:
3777:Sandoval Feminist Theory Reader
3771:
3762:
3745:
3728:
3716:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3613:
3589:
3576:
3563:
3551:
3520:
3508:
2949:, among many other topics. The
4014:University of California Press
3495:
3482:
3473:
3430:
3421:
3349:
3284:
2789:Women's suffrage organizations
728:Anthropologists by nationality
16:Employs a feminist perspective
1:
4380:Annual Review of Anthropology
4327:Ransley, Jesse (2005-12-01).
3597:Journal of Social Archaeology
3278:
5205:electrical resistance survey
3546:Annual Review of Archaeology
2774:Suffragists and suffragettes
2704:American feminist literature
7:
3736:Journal of World Prehistory
3256:
2014:Views on transgender topics
2004:Views on sexual orientation
10:
5680:
5094:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
3940:Black Feminist Archaeology
3865:Black Feminist Archaeology
3490:Archaeologies of Sexuality
3437:Dahlberg, Frances (1981).
3307:10.1177/000271620057100107
3103:anatomically modern humans
3082:Black Feminist Archaeology
748:List of indigenous peoples
5616:
5568:
5463:
5356:
5300:
5249:
5240:
5175:Philosophy of archaeology
5162:
5074:
5018:
4877:
4841:
4819:
4619:
4345:10.1080/00438240500404623
4235:10.1007/s11759-010-9149-1
4064:10.1080/00438240009696933
3822:10.1007/s11759-015-9265-z
3607:Vol. 1 No. 1; Voss 2008.
3185:the Underground Railroad.
2805:Women's rights by country
1711:Female genital mutilation
493:Cross-cultural comparison
5026:Women's studies journals
3514:Meskell and Joyce 2003.
3043:Federal Writers' Project
2958:sexual division of labor
2810:Feminists by nationality
2784:Women's studies journals
2779:Women's rights activists
1502:Movements and ideologies
665:Historical particularism
4704:International relations
3943:. New York: Routledge.
3873:10.4324/9781315096254-2
3150:Whitney Battle-Baptiste
3096:Prehistoric Archaeology
3061:Intersectional analysis
2931:Engendering Archaeology
2198:International relations
1064:Intersectional variants
498:Participant observation
4985:Catharine A. MacKinnon
4291:10.1126/sciadv.abd0310
3722:Galle and Young 2004.
3503:Historical Archaeology
3468:Gero & Conkey 1991
3416:Gero & Conkey 1991
3145:Historical Archaeology
3071:historical archaeology
2941:Early feminist studies
2935:Historical Archaeology
2724:Conservative feminisms
1979:Bicycling and feminism
1955:Women in the workforce
1923:Violence against women
1898:Sexual objectification
1858:Opposition to feminism
1120:Vegetarian ecofeminism
640:Cross-cultural studies
5659:Archaeological theory
5185:Archaeological ethics
5180:Archaeological diving
5170:Archaeological theory
4965:Patricia Hill Collins
4859:Hegemonic masculinity
4137:10.4324/9780203007976
4131:. London: Routledge.
3949:10.4324/9781315096254
3699:Wilkie and Hayes 2006
3445:Yale University Press
3177:Overseers of the Poor
3031:African Burial Ground
2754:Feminist rhetoricians
2744:Feminist philosophers
2296:Revisionist mythology
1999:Views on prostitution
1984:Criticism of marriage
1674:Children's literature
5664:Feminism and history
5124:Augustus Pitt Rivers
5119:William Henry Holmes
5084:Archaeological sites
4565:Feminist archaeology
4430:Current Anthropology
3427:(1991 Vol. 25 No. 4)
3220:Maritime archaeology
3154:Hermitage Plantation
2869:Feminist archaeology
2734:Feminist art critics
2709:Feminist comic books
2666:Lists and categories
2345:By continent/country
2176:Pathways perspective
2059:Gender mainstreaming
1994:Views on pornography
1903:Substantive equality
1883:Reproductive justice
1833:Matriarchal religion
1686:Diversity (politics)
1627:Political lesbianism
937:Other women's rights
733:Anthropology by year
670:Boasian anthropology
645:Cultural materialism
630:Actor–network theory
228:Paleoanthropological
5114:John Lloyd Stephens
5104:Heinrich Schliemann
5000:Diana E. H. Russell
4669:Composition studies
4524:(August 26, 1991).
4522:Conkey, Margaret w.
4283:2020SciA....6..310H
4032:10.1525/j.ctt1pptf5
3755:; Rothschild 2003.
3263:Women in prehistory
3067:third-wave feminism
3055:What This Awl Means
2832:Feminism portal
2739:Feminist economists
2729:Ecofeminist authors
2534:Trinidad and Tobago
2474:Republic of Ireland
2166:Composition studies
1933:Women's empowerment
1888:Sex workers' rights
1813:Feminist capitalism
1793:Internalized sexism
1726:Feminism in culture
839:History of feminism
685:Performance studies
578:Kinship and descent
518:Cultural relativism
168:Paleoethnobotanical
143:Ethnoarchaeological
5638:History portal
5200:geophysical survey
4895:Simone de Beauvoir
4885:Elizabeth Anderson
4878:Feminist theorists
4679:Digital humanities
4657:Literary criticism
4570:2006-06-28 at the
4502:– via JSTOR.
4166:. AltaMira Press.
4046:Joyce, Rosemary A.
3907:The New York Times
3559:Gender Archaeology
3440:Woman the Gatherer
3366:American Antiquity
3008:gender archaeology
2144:Literary criticism
2009:Views on sexuality
1696:Effects on society
1664:Complementarianism
1644:Women's liberation
1399:Religious variants
1373:trans-exclusionary
1091:Radical lesbianism
705:Post-structuralism
464:Research framework
5646:
5645:
5564:
5563:
5546:Pseudoarchaeology
5163:Method and theory
5034:
5033:
4915:Kimberlé Crenshaw
4766:Political ecology
4333:World Archaeology
4146:978-0-203-00797-6
4051:World Archaeology
3958:978-1-315-09625-4
3882:978-1-315-09625-4
3768:see Franklin 2001
3601:World Archaeology
3195:Household studies
3119:Upper Paleolithic
2947:stone tool-making
2910:processual school
2866:
2865:
2817:
2816:
2336:
2335:
2326:womanist theology
2269:Political ecology
2100:Écriture féminine
2027:
2026:
1918:Triple oppression
1908:Toxic masculinity
1893:Sexual harassment
1753:Feminist stripper
1731:Feminist movement
1292:
1291:
1223:Africana womanism
1054:
1053:
791:
790:
690:Political economy
513:Thick description
310:Political economy
173:Zooarchaeological
133:Bioarchaeological
5671:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5471:Archaeoastronomy
5438:Paleoethnobotany
5247:
5246:
5149:Alfred V. Kidder
5134:Mortimer Wheeler
5061:
5054:
5047:
5038:
5037:
5005:Dorothy E. Smith
4842:Related subjects
4834:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4771:Political theory
4606:
4599:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4553:
4504:
4503:
4475:
4462:
4461:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4402:. Archived from
4371:
4365:
4364:
4324:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4271:Science Advances
4262:
4256:
4255:
4237:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4185:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3857:
3842:
3841:
3801:
3778:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3593:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3288:
3273:Queer archeology
3076:Spanish colonies
3051:Janet D. Spector
3039:Red-Light Voices
2908:espoused by the
2858:
2851:
2844:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2769:Feminist parties
2764:Muslim feminists
2759:Jewish feminists
2670:
2669:
2651:History of women
2274:Political theory
2042:
2041:
1972:
1971:
1945:
1938:Women-only space
1823:Likeability trap
1788:Invisible labour
1706:Female education
1520:Anti-pornography
1375:
1374:
1370:
1086:Lesbian of color
1069:
1068:
946:Women's suffrage
922:Muslim countries
917:Women's suffrage
834:Feminist history
827:
826:
816:
793:
792:
783:
776:
769:
311:
193:Anthrozoological
42:
19:
18:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5612:
5560:
5459:
5374:Archaeogenetics
5352:
5296:
5242:Sub-disciplines
5236:
5232:Post-excavation
5227:Lithic analysis
5158:
5129:Flinders Petrie
5070:
5065:
5035:
5030:
5014:
4990:Martha Nussbaum
4873:
4869:Women's studies
4864:Women's history
4854:Feminist method
4837:
4832:Feminism portal
4830:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4620:Academic fields
4615:
4613:Feminist theory
4610:
4572:Wayback Machine
4561:
4556:
4542:
4534:. p. 436.
4512:
4507:
4476:
4465:
4422:
4418:
4409:
4407:
4372:
4368:
4325:
4316:
4263:
4259:
4214:
4207:
4187:
4186:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4123:
4119:
4043:
4039:
4024:
4016:. p. 343.
4004:
4000:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3917:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3859:
3858:
3845:
3802:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:; see Voss 2008
3751:Jamieson 2000.
3750:
3746:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3614:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3564:
3557:Sorenson 2000.
3556:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3447:. p. 250.
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3354:
3350:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3268:Marija Gimbutas
3259:
3238:
3229:
3206:
3197:
3147:
3115:Châtelperronian
3098:
3093:
3084:
3063:
3026:
3017:
2983:practice theory
2974:
2943:
2922:Janet Spector's
2918:Margaret Conkey
2916:archaeologies.
2902:
2862:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2720:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2566:Northern Cyprus
2346:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2154:Science fiction
2105:
2084:Women's studies
2049:Feminist method
2039:
2029:
2028:
2023:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1943:
1853:Oedipus complex
1843:Men in feminism
1808:Language reform
1783:Ideal womanhood
1763:Gender equality
1758:Formal equality
1721:Feminationalism
1658:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1605:Post-structural
1504:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1372:
1369:Gender-critical
1368:
1367:
1318:Femonationalism
1302:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1267:Native American
1207:
1162:Critical theory
1124:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1005:Second Republic
933:
903:
870:
844:Women's history
824:
787:
758:
757:
723:
715:
714:
695:Practice theory
635:Alliance theory
625:
617:
616:
612:Postcolonialism
541:
533:
532:
466:
456:
455:
421:Anthropological
416:
406:
405:
309:
259:
258:
238:
237:
188:
178:
177:
108:
98:
97:
68:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5677:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5628:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5601:Assyriologists
5598:
5591:Archaeologists
5588:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5443:Zooarchaeology
5440:
5435:
5433:Geoarchaeology
5425:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:Paleopathology
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5369:Bioarchaeology
5366:
5360:
5358:
5357:Methodological
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Dorothy Garrod
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5089:Antiquarianism
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5010:Marilyn Waring
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4980:Julia Kristeva
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4960:Sandra Harding
4957:
4952:
4950:Germaine Greer
4947:
4942:
4940:Martha Fineman
4937:
4932:
4930:Andrea Dworkin
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Existentialism
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4708:Constructivism
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4560:
4559:External links
4557:
4555:
4554:
4540:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4492:10.1086/345322
4486:(3): 867–880.
4463:
4442:10.1086/591275
4436:(5): 861–893.
4416:
4386:(1): 317–336.
4366:
4339:(4): 621–629.
4314:
4257:
4205:
4172:
4152:
4145:
4117:
4058:(3): 473–483.
4037:
4022:
3998:
3985:
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3957:
3926:
3893:
3881:
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3779:
3770:
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3727:
3715:
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3692:
3683:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3641:Costello, 2000
3634:
3625:
3612:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3550:
3532:
3519:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3472:
3460:
3453:
3429:
3420:
3408:
3379:10.2307/280492
3373:(2): 342–350.
3359:(April 1985).
3348:
3282:
3280:
3277:
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3270:
3265:
3258:
3255:
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3234:
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3097:
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3059:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2973:
2970:
2951:Man the Hunter
2942:
2939:
2901:
2898:
2864:
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2860:
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2846:
2838:
2835:
2834:
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2813:
2812:
2807:
2799:
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2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Feminist poets
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2716:Feminist songs
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:by nationality
2684:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2641:United Kingdom
2638:
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2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
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2578:
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2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
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2491:
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2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Existentialism
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:Justice ethics
2237:
2232:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2203:Constructivism
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:Areas of study
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Gender studies
2051:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2019:SCUM Manifesto
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1950:Women's rights
1947:
1944:Women's health
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Male privilege
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1797:International
1795:
1790:
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1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
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1676:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1639:Technofeminism
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
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1301:Other variants
1300:
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1088:
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1072:
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1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1027:Cayman Islands
1022:United Kingdom
1019:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
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953:
950:
949:
942:
941:
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939:
932:
931:
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929:
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913:
910:
909:
905:
904:
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886:
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869:
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851:
841:
836:
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821:
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817:
809:
808:
802:
801:
789:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
710:Systems theory
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Culture theory
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
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569:
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535:
534:
531:
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328:
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286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
233:Primatological
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
109:
106:Archaeological
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
73:Archaeological
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
59:
58:
53:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5676:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5639:
5629:
5627:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Egyptologists
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5541:Phenomenology
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5428:Environmental
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5416:Computational
5414:
5412:
5411:Archaeogaming
5409:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:Post-Medieval
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5262:Protohistoric
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:Chronological
5248:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Richard Hoare
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5057:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4975:Luce Irigaray
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Donna Haraway
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4935:Cynthia Enloe
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Hélène Cixous
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Judith Butler
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4822:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:Technoscience
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Postmodernism
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Art criticism
4645:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4602:
4600:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4541:9780631175018
4537:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4518:Gero, Joan M.
4515:
4514:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4406:on 2022-06-03
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4222:Archaeologies
4219:
4212:
4210:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4173:0-7591-0086-1
4169:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4023:9780520260597
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3980:Wilkie 2010.
3977:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3933:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:(1): 93–120.
3815:
3811:
3810:Archaeologies
3807:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3774:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3742:Vol. 52 No. 2
3741:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3629:
3623:Vol. 14 No. 3
3622:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3605:Archaeologies
3602:
3598:
3592:
3585:
3579:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3530:Vol. 28 No. 3
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3454:9780300029895
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3357:Gero, Joan M.
3352:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:(1): 89–106.
3300:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3221:
3218:the hunters.
3216:
3215:androcentrism
3210:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3169:Ripley Bullen
3165:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3021:
3012:
3009:
3006:In contrast,
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:United States
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:Latin America
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2341:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Technoscience
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Art criticism
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Men's studies
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Views on BDSM
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Transmisogyny
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Purplewashing
1871:
1869:
1868:Protofeminism
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Honor killing
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:Individualist
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:Cyberfeminism
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Anti-abortion
1306:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:Multicultural
1211:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:Transnational
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:Postgenderism
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:Transfeminism
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:United States
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Liechtenstein
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
951:
947:
944:
943:
938:
935:
934:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
907:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
878:
874:
873:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
828:
820:
819:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
803:
799:
795:
794:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
753:Organizations
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
719:
718:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:Structuralism
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Functionalism
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
620:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
567:
566:sociocultural
564:
563:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
529:
528:Emic and etic
526:
524:
523:Ethnocentrism
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
472:
471:Anthropometry
469:
468:
465:
460:
459:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Ethnopoetical
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
410:
409:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:Transpersonal
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Psychological
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Institutional
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Environmental
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:
182:
181:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Environmental
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
107:
102:
101:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
5490:
5476:Archaeometry
5450:Experimental
5384:Near Eastern
5343:Near Eastern
5338:Mesopotamian
5292:Contemporary
5109:Arthur Evans
4995:Val Plumwood
4945:Nancy Fraser
4739:Epistemology
4714:Legal theory
4637:Architecture
4631:
4627:Anthropology
4526:
4510:Bibliography
4483:
4479:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4408:. Retrieved
4404:the original
4383:
4379:
4369:
4336:
4332:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4228:(1): 56–74.
4225:
4221:
4162:
4155:
4127:
4120:
4055:
4049:
4040:
4008:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3967:
3939:
3918:. Retrieved
3906:
3896:
3886:, retrieved
3864:
3813:
3809:
3773:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3664:
3659:Spector 1993
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3573:Vol. 1 No. 1
3570:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3475:
3463:
3439:
3432:
3423:
3411:
3370:
3364:
3351:
3341:– via
3298:
3292:
3286:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3111:
3107:Neanderthals
3099:
3085:
3064:
3054:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3005:
2987:Alison Wylie
2979:queer theory
2975:
2963:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2906:epistemology
2903:
2894:
2868:
2867:
2596:Saudi Arabia
2392:South Africa
2235:Epistemology
2210:Legal theory
2129:Architecture
2123:
2119:Anthropology
2098:
2064:Gynocentrism
1928:War on women
1863:Pro-feminism
1818:Gender-blind
1768:Gender quota
1741:Art movement
1515:Anti-fascist
1449:Dianic Wicca
1328:Postfeminism
1203:Xenofeminism
1186:Postcolonial
1103:Sex-positive
738:Bibliography
680:Interpretive
655:Diffusionism
624:Key theories
610: /
540:Key concepts
451:Sociological
431:Ethnological
218:Neurological
203:Evolutionary
152:
148:Experiential
32:Anthropology
5556:Transgender
5481:Battlefield
5257:Prehistoric
5217:Burnt layer
5154:George Bass
5068:Archaeology
4925:Alice Crary
4905:Nancy Bauer
4900:Wendy Brown
4890:Karen Barad
4849:Ecofeminism
4754:Metaphysics
4674:Criminology
4652:Film theory
4632:Archaeology
3632:Conkey 2005
3124:Cro-Magnons
2924:1984 paper
2914:hermeneutic
2889:archaeology
2887:. Feminist
2601:South Korea
2581:Philippines
2561:New Zealand
2556:Netherlands
2279:Pornography
2257:Metaphysics
2171:Criminology
2149:Film theory
2124:Archaeology
1803:Women's Day
1600:Libertarian
1542:Ecofeminism
1459:Ecofeminist
1340:Reactionary
1333:Neofeminism
1274:Multiracial
1179:Ecofeminist
1174:Materialist
1017:Switzerland
997:New Zealand
608:Colonialism
551:Development
508:Reflexivity
476:Ethnography
426:Descriptive
284:Development
223:Nutritional
198:Biocultural
123:Battlefield
5653:Categories
5579:by country
5511:Industrial
5506:Indigenous
5455:Underwater
5401:Calceology
5323:Australian
5301:Geographic
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5222:Excavation
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4734:Empiricism
4729:Aesthetics
4724:Philosophy
4410:2022-03-10
3920:2020-11-15
3888:2020-10-12
3479:Wylie 2007
3279:References
3181:alms house
3105:(AMH) and
2871:employs a
2797:Categories
2699:Literature
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2284:Psychology
2230:Empiricism
2225:Aesthetics
2220:Philosophy
2094:Patriarchy
2079:Matriarchy
1799:Girl's Day
1773:Girl power
1746:In hip hop
1669:Literature
1632:Separatist
1610:Postmodern
1576:Difference
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414:Linguistic
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186:Biological
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5516:Landscape
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4500:144393450
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4450:0011-3204
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4353:0043-8243
4252:193234988
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4190:cite book
4182:906876848
4072:0043-8243
3915:0362-4331
3838:161356724
3830:1935-3987
3403:164123833
3387:0002-7316
3339:144913241
3315:0002-7162
2965:Joan Gero
2877:sexuality
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2499:Argentina
2459:Indonesia
2449:Hong Kong
2404:Australia
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2193:Geography
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4719:Pedagogy
4568:Archived
4550:41102554
4309:33148651
4112:10658152
4104:16475297
4096:48535549
4088:75646489
3257:See also
2873:feminist
2682:Articles
2621:Thailand
2576:Pakistan
2546:Malaysia
2529:Paraguay
2519:Honduras
2367:Ethiopia
2321:Theology
2306:Sexology
2301:Sex wars
2215:Pedagogy
1968:Outlooks
1848:Misogyny
1716:Femicide
1701:Equality
1657:Concepts
1622:Cultural
1581:Equality
1562:Stiletto
1557:Lipstick
1481:Orthodox
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1355:Imperial
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5210:Sondage
5076:History
4759:Science
4699:History
4664:Biology
4300:7673694
4279:Bibcode
3681:Vol. 14
3586:Vol. 14
3548:Vol. 38
3331:1479265
3323:1049136
3187:
3047:midwife
2955:hominid
2636:Ukraine
2631:Vietnam
2541:Lebanon
2439:Germany
2429:Finland
2424:Denmark
2399:Albania
2387:Senegal
2382:Nigeria
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2161:Biology
1617:Radical
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1471:Islamic
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854:British
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598:Society
546:Culture
361:Musical
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351:Medical
336:Kinship
289:Digital
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5575:Sites
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2504:Brazil
2479:Israel
2444:Greece
2434:France
2414:Canada
2352:Africa
2240:Ethics
2037:Theory
1878:Racism
1586:Social
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1422:Mormon
1380:Victim
1313:Equity
1279:Romani
1191:Global
1044:states
1001:Spain
987:Kuwait
967:Canada
899:Fourth
889:Second
864:German
573:Gender
503:Holism
401:Visual
376:Public
279:Cyborg
249:Social
113:Aerial
93:Social
5569:Lists
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5531:Music
5318:Asian
5019:Lists
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4480:Signs
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1032:Wales
982:Japan
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894:Third
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603:Value
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346:Media
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67:Types
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4689:FPDA
4536:ISBN
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4396:ISSN
4349:ISSN
4305:PMID
4240:ISSN
4200:link
4196:link
4178:OCLC
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