4281:
4257:
1163:, this rank is only the beginning of Zen insight, but it can become a trap for people who take the absolute to be the end-station: "Although inside and out may be perfectly clear as long as you are hidden away in an unfrequented place where there is absolute quiet and nothing to do, yet you are powerless as soon as perception touches upon different worldly situations, with all their clamor and emotion, and you are beset by a plethora of miseries".
24:
59:
1323:
extending their hands, acting for others". It is powerful enlightened behaviour. "This is what is called being on the road without leaving home, leaving home without being on the road. Is this an ordinary person? Is this a sage? Demons and outsiders cannot discern such a person; even
Buddhas and Zen
1211:
The second rank describes the recognition of the
Absolute within "the midst of the variety of different situations in action; you see everything before your eyes as your own original true clean face, just as if you were looking at your face in the mirror" (Hakuin). That is, unlike the insight of the
1567:
Based on their understanding of the
Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra the Chinese supposed that the teaching of the Buddha-nature was, as stated by that sutra, the final Buddhist teaching, and that there is an essential truth above Sunyata and the Two Truths. The idea that ultimate reality is present
1212:
first rank, which can be easily disturbed, the second rank has greater constancy in the face of distractions. However, seeing the absolute within the relative does not extend to one's behavior towards others. Hakuin describes that at this point one "is neither conversant with the deportment of the
1576:
does, is not to address the question of the relationship between samsara and nirvana -or, in more philosophical terms, between phenomenal and ultimate reality What, then, is the relationship between these two
1220:. Although he has a clear understanding of the Universal and True Wisdom, he cannot cause to shine forth the Marvelous Wisdom that comprehends the unobstructed interpenetration of the manifold dharmas."
1568:
within the daily world of relative reality melded well with
Chinese culture, which emphasized the mundane world and society. But this does not tell how the absolute is present in the relative world:
1159:
describes the first rank as the realization that "all diverse things and events are in their essence the same, formless and empty. Emptiness is undisturbed by any subjective element". According to
1271:
This rank describes enlightened behaviour: "Enlightened beings do not dwell in the state of result they have realized; from the ocean of effortlessness, they radiate unconditional compassion".
4070:
412:
1537:
and the Taoist non-being. It was centuries later that
Chinese Buddhism took Sunyata to mean the underlying unchanging essence of reality, the non-duality of being and non-being.
1096:
The Five Ranks are listed below with two translations of the original poem, the first by Miura and Sasaki, and the second by Thomas Cleary, followed by commentary and analysis:
1384:
Seppõ met him and asked, "Where are you off to with your bowls? The bell has not rung, and the drum has not sounded." Tokusan turned and went back to his room.
1572:
To deny the duality of samsara and nirvana, as the
Perfection of Wisdom does, or to demonstrate logically the error of dichotomizing conceptualization, as
1394:
Gantõ, going toward the front of the hall, clapped his hands and laughed loudly, saying, "Congratulations! Our old man has got hold of the last word!
442:
378:
1324:
masters can do nothing". But even this "cannot be considered the place to sit in peace You must know there is another rank, attainment in both".
3858:
398:
3197:
1376:
The fifth rank describes "the mellow maturity of consciousness". According to Sekida, this rank is described in case 13 of the
Mumonkan:
2145:
Verdú, Alfonso (1966). "The "Five Ranks" Dialectic of the Soto-Zen School in the Light of Kuei-Feng Tsung-Mi's "Ariya-Shiki" Scheme".
1649:
4184:
1076:, the founder of the Japanese Sōtō School, references the Five Ranks in the first paragraph of one of his most widely studied works,
1521:
When
Buddhism was introduced to China, the Two Truths doctrine was a point of confusion. Chinese thinking took this to refer to two
2090:
Two Zen
Classics. Mumonkan, The Gateless Gate. Hekiganroku, The Blue Cliff Records. Translated with commentaries by Katsuki Sekida
1970:
1560:), that which is an underlying unchanging essence. Sunyata itself is also "empty," 'the emptiness of emptiness', which means that
2526:
2286:
954:
2200:
1999:
1933:
1915:
2291:
1962:
Ch'an
Spirituality. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Later China, Korea, Japan and the Modern World; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori
1953:
The Five Ranks. In: Classics of Buddhism and Zen. The Collected Translations of Thomas Cleary. Volume Three. Pages 297-305
1392:
Tokusan said nothing at the time, but the next day he ascended the rostrum, and behold! he was very different from usual!
1025:
2057:
422:
3453:
3227:
2030:
873:
437:
3248:
972:
427:
393:
3757:
3500:
2323:
2281:
2235:
1516:
2418:
1388:
Tokusan heard about this remark and sent his attendant to fetch Gantõ. "You do not approve of me?" he asked.
373:
4130:
3821:
3232:
3202:
1609:
1045:, as well as two sets of verse commentaries by him. The teachings of the Five Ranks may be inspired by the
338:
3826:
224:
3026:
2443:
417:
3890:
3710:
3448:
1386:
Seppõ mentioned this to Gantõ, who remarked, "Tokusan is renowned, but he does not know the last word."
947:
3098:
788:
3572:
1619:
2192:
Introduction to "Branching streams flow in the darkness: Zen talks on the Sandokai"by Shunryū Suzuki
3495:
2392:
2371:
1972:
Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
901:
550:
147:
110:
2489:
896:
3969:
3088:
868:
778:
773:
2494:
4268:
3592:
3485:
3135:
1552:
emphasized the non-duality of form and emptiness: form is emptiness, emptiness is form, as the
841:
500:
460:
318:
137:
3674:
3664:
3145:
3130:
2109:
793:
485:
3842:
3784:
3562:
3377:
2979:
2190:
2017:
Loori, John Daido (2000). "River Seeing the River". In Stephanie Kaza; Kenneth Kraft (eds.).
940:
515:
3103:
783:
4105:
3633:
3412:
3207:
2296:
2181:
267:
490:
8:
4307:
3974:
3726:
3705:
3557:
3526:
2984:
1008:
858:
505:
4144:
1614:
4275:
4211:
3979:
3654:
3612:
3217:
2697:
2175:
2162:
2134:
2068:
2046:
2041:
1979:
1904:
926:
863:
287:
4112:
3531:
4302:
4227:
3816:
3577:
2617:
2433:
2316:
2196:
2138:
2097:
2076:
2053:
2026:
2019:
1995:
1929:
1911:
1544:: two different ways to look at reality, a relative truth and an ultimate truth. The
1156:
1038:
990:
668:
624:
545:
388:
368:
3480:
2958:
2177:
Dialiectical Aspects in Buddhist Thought: Studies in Sino-Japanese Mahāyāna Idealism
1599:
820:
714:
185:
4242:
3800:
3700:
3587:
3516:
3083:
2953:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2652:
2632:
2627:
2602:
2438:
2250:
2154:
2126:
1629:
916:
649:
4312:
3287:
3078:
3741:
3669:
3659:
3597:
3582:
3547:
3140:
2974:
2937:
2747:
2727:
2702:
2677:
2662:
2592:
2577:
2239:
810:
555:
480:
262:
23:
2397:
2130:
234:
4137:
4077:
3628:
3567:
3222:
3181:
3176:
3005:
2989:
2870:
2813:
2742:
2692:
2672:
2413:
1545:
1077:
878:
815:
673:
639:
594:
432:
356:
323:
219:
3031:
1556:
says. The ultimate truth in Madhyamaka is the truth that everything is empty (
4296:
3695:
3607:
3427:
3308:
3212:
3155:
3010:
2932:
2912:
2778:
2717:
2712:
2682:
2667:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2607:
2587:
2423:
2387:
2351:
1526:
1050:
654:
644:
629:
619:
614:
589:
525:
495:
470:
328:
257:
142:
78:
4032:
343:
4261:
4237:
3736:
3552:
3490:
3350:
3334:
3329:
3262:
3171:
3150:
2927:
2896:
2752:
2707:
2687:
2657:
2612:
2361:
2309:
1065:
1042:
1004:
805:
729:
634:
540:
86:
34:
4042:
2117:
Siderits, Mark (2003), "On the Soteriological Significance of Emptiness",
1992:
Cultivating the Empty Field: The Silent Illumination of Zen Master Hongzhi
4084:
3731:
3679:
3638:
3398:
3393:
2917:
2818:
2582:
2567:
2428:
2356:
1553:
1213:
1073:
584:
520:
510:
475:
383:
313:
202:
94:
3282:
3093:
1564:
itself does not constitute a higher or ultimate "essence" or "reality."
1012:
4162:
4037:
3953:
3432:
3057:
2597:
2572:
2515:
2464:
2180:. International Studies, East Asian Series Reprint No. 8. Kansas City:
2166:
2080:
1549:
1319:
The fourth rank describes "the bodhisattva of indomitable spirit" who "
761:
609:
465:
308:
272:
207:
4011:
190:
4232:
4098:
3906:
3602:
3303:
3052:
2865:
2844:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2459:
2366:
1594:
1582:
1581:
This question is answered in such schemata as the Five Ranks and the
1573:
1320:
1217:
1061:
1034:
830:
825:
746:
697:
530:
175:
102:
2479:
2158:
1380:
One day Tokusan went down toward the dining room, holding his bowls.
333:
152:
4091:
4071:
Long Scroll of the Treatise on the Two Entrances and Four Practices
4016:
4006:
3521:
2922:
2875:
2783:
2539:
2474:
1624:
1046:
835:
229:
162:
3948:
3313:
3277:
2891:
2228:
1944:
Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-cultural Interpretation
734:
719:
535:
4206:
2839:
2788:
2622:
2534:
1557:
1530:
1152:
1057:
1030:
911:
604:
599:
303:
282:
277:
132:
3927:
1775:
58:
4201:
3943:
3062:
2484:
1604:
1160:
1148:
1081:
1069:
1000:
980:
921:
906:
756:
724:
692:
292:
157:
2073:
Zen Dust: The History of the Koan and Koan Study in Rinzai Zen
3911:
3885:
3047:
2860:
2834:
2773:
2768:
2510:
751:
709:
687:
252:
2544:
2520:
1828:
1826:
1085:
298:
2229:
Hakuin's commentary on the Five Ranks, first published in
1041:(Japanese: Tōzan Ryōkan), who lived during the end of the
2346:
2332:
1850:
1652:
The Two Truths of Buddhism and The Emptiness of Emptiness
1534:
1398:
From now on, nobody in this whole country can outdo him!"
73:
48:
16:
Poem describing the stages of realization in Zen Buddhism
1823:
1585:. Various terms are used for "absolute" and "relative."
1003:
describing the stages of realization in the practice of
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1223:
1166:
2301:
1838:
1703:
1099:
1874:
1765:
1763:
1525:: reality exists of two modalities. The doctrines of
1402:
1216:, nor does he understand the causal conditions for a
1862:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1715:
1274:
2087:
2012:, Translated by William F. Powell, Kuroda Institute
1781:
1691:
1667:
2045:
2018:
1926:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China
1903:
2292:Visual Schematics and Symbolism of the Five Ranks
2021:Dharma Rain: Sources of Buddhist Environmentalism
1787:
1740:
1679:
4294:
1799:
1155:or not-"thing"-ness of everything. The scholar
2048:The Zen Koan: Its History and Use in Rinzai Zen
1811:
994:
2317:
2052:. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., New York.
948:
2268:Dongshan's Five Ranks: Keys to Enlightenment
2233:(1965) by Isshu Miura and Ruth Fuller Sasaki
2075:. First Zen Institute of America in Japan.
2066:
2039:
2007:
1832:
1709:
1338:Who falls into neither being nor non-being!
1084:integrated the Five Ranks in his system of
1056:The work is highly significant in both the
2324:
2310:
2297:Teisho on The Five Ranks by Shunryu Suzuki
1240:You will surpass that eloquent one of yore
955:
941:
4185:Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
1923:
1734:
1234:Leading away from the dusts of the world.
1029:. This work is attributed to the Chinese
3198:Buddha's Light International Association
2265:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2116:
1989:
1941:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1673:
2287:The Five Ranks with Hakuin's commentary
1959:
1880:
1289:Is like the lotus blooming in the fire.
4295:
2527:Who is the master that sees and hears?
2188:
1950:
1901:
1769:
1697:
1685:
1187:She tries to recognize her reflection!
2305:
2217:
2173:
2144:
2088:Sekida (translator), Katsuki (1996),
2016:
1978:, New York: Routledge, archived from
1540:In Madhyamaka the Two Truths are two
1327:
1224:III: Coming from within the Absolute
1177:Encounters herself in an old mirror.
1167:II: The Absolute within the Relative
2153:(1/2). Sophia University: 125–170.
1968:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1181:But it doesn't resemble her at all.
1100:I: The Relative within the Absolute
1026:Song of the Precious Mirror Samadhi
13:
2259:
2195:, University of California Press,
1894:
1403:Interplay of Absolute and Relative
1230:Within nothingness there is a path
1147:This rank describes the Absolute,
14:
4324:
3228:Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
2275:
1348:To sit among the coals and ashes.
1275:IV: Arrival at Mutual Integration
1072:schools of Zen that exist today.
874:Zen organisation and institutions
438:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall
4280:
4279:
4256:
4255:
3249:Dharma Realm Buddhist University
2184:, Center for East Asian Studies.
1990:Leighton, Taigen Daniel (2000),
1291:Such a man has in and of himself
1202:Nevertheless, she still mistakes
1023:The ranks are referenced in the
1007:. It expresses the interplay of
413:Two Entrances and Four Practices
57:
22:
2092:, New York / Tokyo: Weatherhill
1906:Shobogenzo: Zen Essays by Dogen
1642:
1256:just be able to avoid violating
1136:at meeting without recognition;
1106:In the third watch of the night
999:) is a poem consisting of five
3852:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
3720:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
2244:
2210:
1910:, University of Hawaii Press,
1238:On the present emperor's name,
1138:still held hidden in the heart
1120:Is the beauty of earlier days.
985:
976:
428:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
1:
3758:Soto Zen Buddhist Association
3501:Tassajara Zen Mountain Center
1661:
1344:But he, after all, comes back
1342:The current of ordinary life,
1281:When two blades cross points,
1236:Even if you observe the taboo
1196:encounters an ancient mirror;
1183:Too bad, with a muddled head,
1053:(traditional Chinese: 石頭希遷).
186:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing
3822:Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey
3454:Trúc Lâm Monastery of Da Lat
3233:City of Ten Thousand Buddhas
3203:Four Heavenly Kings (Taiwan)
1964:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
1924:Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005a),
1610:Four stages of enlightenment
1390:Gantõ whispered his meaning.
1285:There's no need to withdraw.
1250:Within nothingness is a road
1142:is the beauty of former days
645:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)
7:
3827:Norwich Zen Buddhist Priory
2131:10.1080/1463994032000140158
1960:Kasulis, Thomas P. (2003),
1588:
1533:were understood as akin to
1266:that silenced every tongue.
1206:her reflection for her head
1116:Still cherished in my heart
1009:absolute and relative truth
225:Doctrinal background of Zen
10:
4329:
3963:Institutional organisation
3891:Buddhist initiation ritual
3711:Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji
3191:Contemperory Organizations
2025:. Shambhala Publications.
1889:
1514:
1244:Who silenced every tongue.
1200:there is no other reality.
1198:clearly she sees her face-
1132:before the moon is bright,
1018:
4251:
4220:
4194:
4176:
4154:
4131:Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind
4122:
4062:
4055:
4025:
3999:
3992:
3962:
3936:
3920:
3899:
3878:
3871:
3851:
3835:
3809:
3793:
3777:
3770:
3750:
3719:
3688:
3647:
3621:
3573:Zen Center of Los Angeles
3540:
3509:
3473:
3466:
3441:
3420:
3411:
3386:
3370:
3363:
3343:
3322:
3296:
3270:
3261:
3241:
3190:
3164:
3123:
3116:
3071:
3040:
3019:
2998:
2967:
2946:
2905:
2884:
2853:
2827:
2761:
2560:
2553:
2503:
2452:
2406:
2380:
2339:
1946:, Oxford University Press
1620:Enlightenment in Buddhism
1365:but in the final analysis
1359:who can dare to join you?
1310:clearly there is a spirit
625:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)
3496:San Francisco Zen Center
3027:Karlfried Graf Dürckheim
2372:Zen in the United States
2189:Wegner, Michael (2001),
1782:Sekida (translator) 1996
1635:
1295:A heaven-soaring spirit.
1179:Clearly she sees a face,
1114:There is no recognition!
1110:Before the moon appears,
1091:
551:Ordinary Mind Zen School
443:Transmission of the Lamp
148:Turning the light around
111:Zen in the United States
3970:Zen ranks and hierarchy
2331:
2282:The Five Ranks of Tozan
2266:Bolleter, Ross (2014),
2251:Tokusan Holds His Bowls
2238:March 30, 2012, at the
2174:Verdú, Alfonso (1974).
2010:The Record of Tung-shan
1955:, Boston, MA: Shambhala
1902:Cleary, Thomas (1992),
1710:Miura & Sasaki 1966
1361:Everyone wants to leave
1321:go into the marketplace
1192:A woman who's overslept
1130:beginning of the night,
1049:, a poem attributed to
869:Zen ranks and hierarchy
842:Category: Zen Buddhists
176:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures
3622:Philip Kapleau lineage
3593:Geoffrey Shugen Arnold
3486:Zentatsu Richard Baker
3474:Shunryū Suzuki lineage
3344:Academic organizations
3242:Academic organizations
3136:East Mountain Teaching
2490:Three Mysterious Gates
1942:Garfield, Jay (2002),
1928:, World Wisdom Books,
1579:
1542:epistemological truths
1400:
1373:
1353:If you are not trapped
1350:
1334:Who dares to equal him
1316:
1314:spontaneously soaring.
1300:When two blades cross,
1297:
1268:
1258:the present taboo name
1247:
1208:
1189:
1144:
1123:
1112:No wonder when we meet
1015:of Buddhist teaching.
995:
501:Plum Village Tradition
461:East Mountain Teaching
423:The Awakening of Faith
319:Prostration (Buddhism)
138:Original enlightenment
3843:Shinzan Miyamae Roshi
3785:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
3689:Soen Nakagawa lineage
3378:Nine mountain schools
2980:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
2119:Contemporary Buddhism
1994:, Tuttle Publishing,
1570:
1546:Prajnaparamita-sutras
1378:
1371:and sit in the ashes.
1363:the ordinary current,
1357:in being or nonbeing,
1351:
1340:All men want to leave
1332:
1298:
1279:
1262:the eloquence of yore
1248:
1228:
1190:
1173:A sleepy-eyed grandma
1171:
1124:
1104:
655:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)
635:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)
630:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)
615:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)
516:Kwan Um School of Zen
399:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
369:Prajñaparamita sutras
363:Indian Mahayana texts
4145:Three Pillars of Zen
4106:The Gateless Barrier
3872:Hierarchy and titles
3634:Rochester Zen Center
3208:Dharma Drum Mountain
2495:Four Ways of Knowing
2475:Sudden Enlightenment
2381:Doctrinal background
2270:, Simon and Schuster
2182:University of Kansas
2008:Liang-Chieh (1986),
1985:on November 12, 2014
1969:Lai, Whalen (2003),
1600:Four ways of knowing
1287:The master swordsman
1260:and you will surpass
1011:and the fundamental
268:Bodhisattva Precepts
4026:Main Rinzai Temples
3975:Dharma transmission
3810:Other Sōtō lineages
3794:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
3727:Kyozan Joshu Sasaki
3706:Zen Studies Society
3675:Gudō Wafu Nishijima
3665:Kōbun Chino Otogawa
3648:Other Sōtō lineages
3558:Robert Baker Aitken
3510:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
3146:Five Houses of Chán
3131:Five Houses of Chán
2393:East Asian Yogācāra
2147:Monumenta Nipponica
2069:Sasaki, Ruth Fuller
2042:Sasaki, Ruth Fuller
1517:Two truths doctrine
1126:In the third watch,
859:Dharma transmission
506:Order of Interbeing
486:Five Houses of Chán
230:Representation-only
181:Five ranks of Tozan
4212:Pure Land Buddhism
4177:Cultural influence
3980:Zen lineage charts
3613:Kanzeon Zen Center
3449:Vạn Hạnh Monastery
3387:Contemporary sects
3218:Tzu Chi Foundation
2698:Liangshan Yuanguan
2407:Influential Sutras
2108:has generic name (
1615:Bodhisattva Stages
1583:Oxherding Pictures
1523:ontological truths
927:Pure Land Buddhism
864:Zen lineage charts
288:Walking meditation
4290:
4289:
4228:Heinrich Dumoulin
4221:Academic research
4172:
4171:
4051:
4050:
4000:Main Sōtō Temples
3988:
3987:
3867:
3866:
3817:Houn Jiyu-Kennett
3766:
3765:
3578:White Plum Asanga
3462:
3461:
3407:
3406:
3359:
3358:
3335:Ningen Zen Kyodan
3323:Lay organizations
3257:
3256:
3112:
3111:
2999:White Plum Asanga
2618:Dongshan Liangjie
2434:Vimalakirti Sutra
2419:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
2202:978-0-520-23212-9
2001:978-0-8048-3240-3
1935:978-0-941532-89-1
1917:978-0-8248-1401-4
1513:
1512:
1328:V: Unity Attained
1306:an expert is like
1157:Heinrich Dumoulin
1039:Dongshan Liangjie
965:
964:
669:Zhongfeng Mingben
610:Mazu Daoyi (Baso)
546:White Plum Asanga
389:Vimalakirti Sutra
379:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
374:Lankavatara Sutra
203:Bodhisattva ideal
4320:
4283:
4282:
4259:
4258:
4243:William Bodiford
4060:
4059:
3997:
3996:
3876:
3875:
3801:Taisen Deshimaru
3775:
3774:
3701:Eido Tai Shimano
3588:John Daido Loori
3541:Yasutani lineage
3471:
3470:
3418:
3417:
3413:Vietnamese Thiền
3371:Historical sects
3368:
3367:
3271:Historical sects
3268:
3267:
3124:Historical sects
3121:
3120:
3072:Vietnamese Thiền
2738:Tiantong Zongjue
2733:Zhenxie Qingliao
2723:Hongzhi Zhengjue
2653:Dongshan Shouchu
2633:Nanyang Huizhong
2628:Baizhang Huaihai
2603:Baizhang Huaihai
2558:
2557:
2439:Avatamsaka Sutra
2367:Vietnamese Thiền
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2271:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2226:
2205:
2185:
2170:
2141:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2084:
2063:
2051:
2036:
2024:
2013:
2004:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1920:
1909:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:, p. 38–39.
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1833:Liang-Chieh 1986
1830:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1738:
1732:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1655:
1646:
1630:Essence-Function
1407:
1406:
1308:a lotus in fire-
1304:no need to flee;
1254:out of the dust;
998:
987:
978:
957:
950:
943:
768:Thiền in Vietnam
650:Yongming Yanshou
394:Avatamsaka Sutra
163:Sudden awakening
61:
51:
43:
39:
33:
26:
19:
18:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4247:
4216:
4195:Related schools
4190:
4168:
4150:
4118:
4047:
4021:
3984:
3958:
3932:
3916:
3895:
3863:
3847:
3831:
3805:
3789:
3762:
3746:
3742:Keido Fukushima
3715:
3684:
3670:Gyokuko Carlson
3660:Dainin Katagiri
3643:
3617:
3598:Zen Peacemakers
3583:Bernie Glassman
3548:Hakuun Yasutani
3536:
3532:Shōhaku Okumura
3505:
3458:
3437:
3403:
3382:
3355:
3339:
3318:
3292:
3253:
3237:
3186:
3160:
3141:Hongzhou school
3108:
3099:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3067:
3036:
3015:
2994:
2975:Hakuun Yasutani
2963:
2942:
2938:Keido Fukushima
2901:
2885:Traditional Zen
2880:
2849:
2823:
2757:
2748:Tiantong Rujing
2728:Wansong Xingxiu
2703:Dayang Jingxuan
2678:Yunyan Tansheng
2663:Qingyuan Xingsi
2593:Nanyue Huairang
2578:Jianzhi Sengcan
2549:
2499:
2448:
2444:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
2402:
2376:
2335:
2330:
2278:
2262:
2260:Further reading
2257:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2240:Wayback Machine
2227:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2159:10.2307/2383409
2105:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2060:
2033:
2002:
1982:
1975:
1951:Hakuin (2005),
1936:
1918:
1897:
1895:Printed sources
1892:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1741:
1733:
1716:
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1684:
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1668:
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1387:
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1354:
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1330:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
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1286:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1021:
961:
932:
931:
892:
891:Related schools
884:
883:
854:
846:
845:
811:Hakuun Yasutani
789:Thích Nhất Hạnh
574:
569:
561:
560:
556:Zen Peacemakers
481:Hongzhou school
456:
448:
447:
418:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
359:
349:
348:
344:Zen calligraphy
263:Bodhisattva vow
258:Six Perfections
248:
240:
239:
171:
129:
124:
116:
115:
69:
49:
41:
35:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4326:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4272:
4265:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4138:The Way of Zen
4134:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4078:Platform Sutra
4074:
4066:
4064:
4057:
4056:Zen literature
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Philip Kapleau
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Taizan Maezumi
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3527:Kōshō Uchiyama
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Shunryū Suzuki
3477:
3475:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Chung Tai Shan
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3182:Guiyang school
3179:
3177:Caodong school
3174:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3104:Thích Thanh Từ
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:Trần Nhân Tông
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3006:Taizan Maezumi
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:Philip Kapleau
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Shunryū Suzuki
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2854:Modern Guiyang
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2828:Modern Caodong
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Xuedou Zhijian
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:Tongan Guanzhi
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Yaoshan Weiyan
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2561:Classical Chan
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Zen scriptures
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2276:External links
2274:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2186:
2171:
2142:
2114:
2085:
2067:Miura, Isshu;
2064:
2059:978-0156999816
2058:
2040:Miura, Isshu;
2037:
2031:
2014:
2005:
2000:
1987:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1921:
1916:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1739:
1735:Dumoulin 2005a
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1640:
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1637:
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952:
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934:
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930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:Zen Narratives
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
821:Shunryū Suzuki
818:
816:Taizan Maezumi
813:
808:
797:
796:
794:Thích Thiên-Ân
791:
786:
784:Thích Thanh Từ
781:
779:Trần Nhân Tông
776:
774:Trần Thái Tông
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
701:
700:
695:
690:
677:
676:
674:Hanshan Deqing
671:
662:Post-classical
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
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483:
478:
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468:
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457:
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450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
435:
433:Platform Sutra
430:
425:
420:
415:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
360:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
324:Buddhist chant
321:
316:
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280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
220:Zen and Sutras
211:
210:
205:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
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92:
84:
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62:
54:
53:
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44:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4325:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4269:Zen Buddhists
4266:
4264:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
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4225:
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4208:
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4159:
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4147:
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4139:
4135:
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4128:
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4114:
4110:
4108:
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4100:
4096:
4094:
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4087:
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4075:
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4072:
4068:
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4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
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3929:
3926:
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3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3859:Kaishin Inshu
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
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3808:
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3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3769:
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3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Soen Nakagawa
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:Sōyū Matsuoka
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Dennis Merzel
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
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3561:
3559:
3556:
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3492:
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3469:
3465:
3455:
3452:
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3447:
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3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3397:
3395:
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3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Fo Guang Shan
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3156:Yunmen school
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3011:Dennis Merzel
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Robert Aitken
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Soen Nakagawa
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Imakita Kosen
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:Modern Rinzai
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
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2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Nan Huai-Chin
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:Modern Lingji
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Danxia Zichun
2716:
2714:
2713:Furong Daokai
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Yunju Daoying
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Shitou Xiqian
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Yunmen Wenyan
2646:
2644:
2643:Xuefeng Yicun
2641:
2639:
2638:Dahui Zonggao
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Huangbo Xiyun
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:Koan practice
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Diamond Sutra
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Buddha-nature
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Chan Buddhism
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:Main articles
2338:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2032:1-57062-475-5
2028:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1883:, p. 29.
1882:
1877:
1870:
1869:Siderits 2003
1865:
1858:
1857:Garfield 2002
1853:
1847:, p. 91.
1846:
1845:Garfield 2002
1841:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1796:, p. 11.
1795:
1790:
1784:, p. 57.
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1700:, p. 29.
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1674:Leighton 2000
1670:
1666:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:Buddha-nature
1524:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1399:
1396:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1367:you come back
1355:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1283:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1175:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1134:do not wonder
1128:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1086:koan-teaching
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1051:Shitou Xiqian
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
982:
974:
970:
958:
953:
951:
946:
944:
939:
938:
936:
935:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
888:
887:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
850:
849:
844:
843:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:Seon in Korea
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
705:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Huineng (Enō)
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
580:
579:
573:
572:Chán in China
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
526:Rinzai school
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:Oxhead school
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
452:
451:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
406:Chinese texts
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
365:
364:
358:
357:Zen scripture
353:
352:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Dharma combat
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
244:
243:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
216:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
143:Buddha-nature
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
128:
127:The "essence"
120:
119:
112:
109:
107:
106:
101:
99:
98:
93:
91:
90:
85:
83:
82:
77:
75:
72:
71:
68:Main articles
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
47:
46:
40:
38:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4274:
4267:
4262:Zen Buddhism
4260:
4238:Steven Heine
4183:
4161:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
3836:Zendo Kyodan
3778:Sanbo Kyodan
3771:European Zen
3737:Shodo Harada
3563:John Tarrant
3553:Sanbo Kyodan
3491:Mel Weitsman
3421:Extant sects
3351:Kyoto School
3330:Sanbo Kyodan
3297:Extant sects
3263:Japanese Zen
3172:Linji school
3165:Extant sects
3151:Fayan school
3117:Chinese Chán
2968:Sanbo Kyodan
2928:D. T. Suzuki
2897:Hakuin Ekaku
2753:Xueting Fuyu
2708:Touzi Yiqing
2688:Tongan Daopi
2658:Yuanwu Keqin
2613:Linji Yixuan
2469:
2362:Japanese Zen
2267:
2246:
2231:The Zen Koan
2230:
2191:
2176:
2150:
2146:
2122:
2118:
2089:
2072:
2047:
2020:
2009:
1991:
1980:the original
1971:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1925:
1905:
1881:Kasulis 2003
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1835:, p. 9.
1813:
1808:, p. 8.
1801:
1789:
1777:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1651:
1650:Susan Kahn,
1644:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1541:
1539:
1522:
1520:
1397:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1333:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1153:empty nature
1146:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1055:
1043:Tang dynasty
1024:
1022:
1005:Zen Buddhism
984:
969:"Five Ranks"
968:
966:
840:
806:D. T. Suzuki
799:
798:
767:
766:
740:
739:
730:Hakuin Ekaku
704:Zen in Japan
703:
702:
681:Contemporary
680:
679:
678:
661:
660:
659:
577:
576:
575:
571:
541:Sanbo Kyodan
536:Ōbaku school
491:Tibetan Chan
405:
404:
403:
362:
361:
213:
212:
196:
195:
180:
168:
167:
126:
104:
96:
88:
80:
50:Zen Buddhism
36:
4085:Xinxin Ming
3751:Pan-lineage
3732:Omori Sogen
3680:Brad Warner
3639:Toni Packer
3517:Kōdō Sawaki
3399:Jogye Order
3394:Taego Order
3364:Korean Seon
3041:Korean Seon
3032:Muhō Noelke
2954:Kōdō Sawaki
2947:Modern Sōtō
2918:Soyen Shaku
2819:Shi Yinshun
2583:Dayi Daoxin
2568:Bodhidharma
2429:Heart Sūtra
2357:Korean Seon
2211:Web-sources
2125:(1): 9–23,
2106:|last=
1770:Hakuin 2005
1698:Cleary 1992
1686:Wegner 2001
1554:heart sutra
1469:Appearance
1453:Phenomenal
1445:Particular
1218:Buddha-land
1214:bodhisattva
1074:Eihei Dogen
1013:non-dualism
853:Institution
800:Western Zen
585:Bodhidharma
531:Sōtō school
521:Taego Order
511:Jogye Order
476:Heze school
384:Lotus Sutra
191:One Vehicle
103:Vietnamese
4308:Nonduality
4297:Categories
4163:Zen at War
4113:Shōbōgenzō
4038:Daitoku-ji
4033:Myōshin-ji
3954:Zen master
3900:Attendants
3433:Wu Yantong
3058:Seongcheol
3020:German Zen
2598:Mazu Daoyi
2573:Dazu Huike
2516:Shikantaza
2470:Five Ranks
2465:Shikantaza
2081:B0006BZGV6
1662:References
1550:Madhyamaka
1515:See also:
1437:Different
762:Seongcheol
466:Sanjiejiao
455:Traditions
339:Zen poetry
309:Samu (Zen)
273:Shikantaza
214:Background
208:Buddhahood
197:The "goal"
4276:Zen texts
4233:Masao Abe
4099:Denkoroku
4043:Tōfuku-ji
3907:Jikijitsu
3603:Joko Beck
3079:Pháp Hiền
3053:Seungsahn
2866:Hsuan Hua
2845:Sheng-yen
2809:Wei Chueh
2804:Cheng Yen
2799:Hsing Yun
2794:Sheng-yen
2460:Ten Bulls
2453:Teachings
2139:144783831
1648:See also
1595:Ten Bulls
1574:Nagarjuna
1501:Apparent
1442:Universal
1434:Identical
1429:Manifold
1413:Relative
1410:Absolute
1151:into the
1078:Genjōkōan
831:Seungsahn
826:Hsuan Hua
747:Taego Bou
698:Sheng-yen
578:Classical
247:Practices
235:Emptiness
123:Teachings
87:Japanese
4303:Soto Zen
4155:Critical
4092:Sandokai
4017:Antai-ji
4007:Eihei-ji
3522:Antai-ji
3428:Trúc Lâm
3283:Fuke-shū
3094:Pháp Loa
3084:Vạn Hạnh
2923:Sokei-an
2876:Chuanyin
2784:Yuanying
2540:Zazenkai
2504:Practice
2236:Archived
2098:citation
2071:(1966).
2044:(1965).
1818:Lai 2003
1806:Lai 2003
1794:Lai 2003
1625:Subitism
1589:See also
1466:Absolute
1450:Noumenal
1418:Straight
1047:Sandokai
991:Japanese
836:Sokei-an
496:Trúc Lâm
79:Chinese
37:a series
4207:Tiantai
4063:Classic
4012:Sōji-ji
3993:Temples
3937:Teacher
3467:USA Zen
3288:Niō Zen
2871:Yicheng
2840:Dongchu
2814:Yicheng
2789:Benhuan
2623:Huineng
2588:Hongren
2554:Persons
2535:Sesshin
2398:Śūnyatā
2167:2383409
1890:Sources
1577:realms?
1562:Sunyata
1558:Sunyata
1531:Sunyata
1509:Actual
1149:insight
1058:Caodong
1037:) monk
1031:Caodong
1019:Origins
1001:stanzas
973:Chinese
917:Shingon
912:Tiantai
620:Huangbo
605:Shenhui
595:Shenxiu
590:Hongren
568:Persons
304:Hua Tou
283:Dhāraṇī
278:Sesshin
169:The way
133:No-mind
95:Korean
32:Part of
4202:Huayan
4123:Modern
3944:Sensei
3921:Priest
3879:Novice
3442:Temple
3309:Rinzai
3063:Daewon
2485:Satori
2480:Kenshō
2199:
2165:
2137:
2079:
2056:
2029:
1998:
1932:
1914:
1605:Lamrim
1493:P'ien
1477:Light
1161:Hakuin
1082:Hakuin
1070:Rinzai
983::
981:pinyin
975::
922:Tendai
907:Huayan
902:Wéishí
897:Sānlùn
757:Daewon
725:Bankei
715:Bassui
693:Xu Yun
640:Zongmi
334:Kyōgai
314:Ōryōki
293:Nianfo
158:Satori
153:Kenshō
3949:Rōshi
3912:Jisha
3886:Unsui
3314:Ōbaku
3278:Nōnin
3048:Jinul
2892:Dōgen
2861:Xuyun
2835:Xuyun
2774:Taixu
2769:Xuyun
2511:Zazen
2163:JSTOR
2135:S2CID
1983:(PDF)
1976:(PDF)
1636:Notes
1506:Ideal
1490:Chang
1461:Shih
1421:Bend
1092:Ranks
1066:Linji
986:Wuwei
752:Jinul
735:Dōgen
720:Ikkyū
710:Eisai
688:Taixu
253:Zazen
105:Thiền
4313:Kōan
3928:Oshō
3304:Sōtō
2545:Ango
2197:ISBN
2110:help
2077:ASIN
2054:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1548:and
1529:and
1498:Real
1474:Dark
1064:and
1062:Sōtō
1035:Sōtō
967:The
299:Koan
295:Chan
97:Seon
81:Chan
2347:Zen
2333:Zen
2155:doi
2127:doi
1535:Dao
1485:Ji
1426:One
996:goi
89:Zen
74:Zen
4299::
2219:^
2161:.
2151:21
2149:.
2133:,
2121:,
2102::
2100:}}
2096:{{
1825:^
1742:^
1717:^
1482:Ri
1458:Li
1088:.
1080:.
993::
989:;
979:;
977:五位
42:on
2529:"
2525:"
2325:e
2318:t
2311:v
2169:.
2157::
2129::
2123:4
2112:)
2083:.
2062:.
2035:.
1871:.
1820:.
1772:.
1737:.
1712:.
1688:.
1676:.
1068:/
1060:/
1033:(
971:(
956:e
949:t
942:v
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