1155:
20:
1493:
tradition....Southern
Vietnam's intense transnational connections have enabled the repatriation and the circulation to elsewhere in Vietnam of the markedly meditative form of Buddhism developed by Vietnamese emigre monks based in the United States and France...Ironically, this recently imported purified form of Buddhism has come to be taken as a national tradition, a view which receives endorsement from the state, motivated, as are many lay Buddhists, to attach itself to an authentic national tradition that is not sullied by the taint of superstition....Today, the Communist Party seeks to boost its legitimacy by endorsing Zen a version of Buddhism promoted by a transnational movement, as an authentic national tradition.
1503:
1429:
4070:
4046:
1407:
43:
78:
1558:) without any conflict between the practices. We may say, in short, that Buddhism in Vietnam is synthetic and unified rather than divided and sectarian. At present the popular method of practice is meditation during recitation and recitation during meditation - meditation and recitation being one and the same for Vietnamese Buddhists.
1093:, the third Patriarch of Chan. However, Chan was already present in the country before his arrival. "Thiền Buddhism was already established in Vietnam before Vinītaruci's arrival, for Phap Hien studied under and was ... After Vinītaruci's death, Phap Hien built the Temple of Chung-thien at Mount Tu, about twenty miles northwest of
1311:
dynasties, this lineage also focuses on both Zen and Pure Land practice, of which Zen practice is the major thread. The first supreme patriarch of the
Vietnam Buddhist Sangha, Venerable Thích Đức Nhuận (1897-1993), was a disciple of the school. The main temple is the Hòe Nhai pagoda (also called Hồng
1100:
The sect that Vinītaruci and his lone
Vietnamese disciple founded would become known as the oldest branch of Thiền. After a period of obscurity, the Vinītaruci School (Diệt Hỉ Thiền phái; 滅喜禪派) became one of the most influential Buddhist groups in Vietnam by the 10th century, particularly so under
1233:
philosophy. It seems to have been an elite religion for aristocrats and was also promoted by
Chinese monks who traveled to Vietnam to teach. Nevertheless, Trúc Lâm's prestige waned over the following centuries after the Ming conquest (1413-1428) which led to a period of Confucian dominance.
1492:
The flow of
Buddhist practitioners, texts and ideas throughout Vietnam and across national boundaries sets the context for another recent development in Buddhism in Vietnam, the increasing prominence given in northern Vietnam to Zen (Thiền) as the quintessential Vietnamese Buddhist
1126:
A careful study of the primary sources by Cuong Tu Nguyen however concludes that the legend of Vinītaruci and the accounts of Vô Ngôn Thông are probably fabrications, a version of
Vietnamese Buddhist history that "was self-consciously constructed with the composition of the
1189:
periods, Buddhism became an influential force in court politics and the dynastic elites saw
Buddhist clergy as useful assistants in their political agenda which they provided in return for patronage. They were eventually integrated into the structure of the imperial state.
1593:
practices. The intra-religious dialogue between
Vietnamese Theravada and Mahayana following the formation of the Unified Buddhist Church also led to a more inclusive attitude in the Vietnamese Buddhist community. An example is the widely influential figure of
1387:. The modernization movement also protested against popular devotion, arguing that Buddhism should be "purified from superstition". In 1963, in response to a hostile government, Vietnamese Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists formed the
1197:
dynasties, a "new" court
Buddhism arose among the elites which was aligned with Chinese Chan and influenced by Chan literature. Some of the Trần rulers were quite involved in the development of Thiền Buddhism.
1477:
In recent years, the modernization of Thiền has taken a new global dimension, as
Vietnamese Zen is becoming influenced by the teachings of influential overseas Vietnamese Buddhist leaders such as
1299:
Thông Giác Thủy Nguyệt's successor was Thiền master Chân Dung Tông Diễn (真融宗演, 1640–1711), who became famous for his piety and critical role in resolving the Buddhist problem during the
3859:
431:
1927:
1351:, who saw Buddhism in terms of social and personal transformation, rather than in supernatural terms. During the 1930s, a Buddhist reform movement led by intellectual clergy of "
1598:, who, as John Chapman notes, though being part of the Lam Te school, also included Theravada as part of his studies. Thích Nhất Hạnh also wrote commentaries on the Theravada
1105:(died 1018). Other Thiền schools were founded during this time, such as the Pháp Vân Temple lineage. Other early Vietnamese Thiền schools included that of the Chinese monk
1448:
1154:
1254:
1250:
461:
397:
1134:
Cuong Tu Nguyen notes that the kind of Buddhism which was practiced in Vietnam during the Chinese occupation period and before the writing of the
3647:
1575:
1238:
417:
1166:
Buddhist culture, literature, arts and architecture thrived during the period of peace and stability of the four Vietnamese dynasties of the
1481:
who have adopted Thiền to Western needs. As a result, Vietnamese Buddhists have also now begun to practice these modernized forms of Thiền.
1893:
2986:
1621:
McHale also notes that Vietnamese Buddhist practice has always been inclusive and accepting of popular beliefs and practices, including
3973:
2048:
1858:
2315:
1447:. He was one of the most prominent and influential Thiền masters of the 20th and early 21st century. He was a disciple of Master
1484:
This modernist form of Thiền has become quite popular at home and abroad, in spite of the fact that there is still no complete
973:
1571:
1471:
19:
1388:
441:
3242:
3016:
2058:
1921:
892:
456:
3037:
2022:
Chapman, John, The 2005 Pilgrimage and Return to Vietnam of Exiled Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh, in: Taylor, Philip
1119:
446:
412:
3546:
3289:
2112:
1066:
2207:
392:
3919:
3610:
3021:
2991:
1725:
K. W. Taylor, John K. Whitmore; Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts, Cornell University Press, 2018, pp. 102, 107.
1562:
This practice is known as the "union of Zen and Pure-Land recitation". The chanting of sutras, such as the
357:
3615:
2087:- Thich Nhat Hanh's main monastery and practice center, located about 85 km east of Bordeaux, France
1237:
In the 17th century, a group of Chinese monks led by Nguyên Thiều established a vigorous new school, the
243:
2815:
2232:
436:
3679:
3499:
3237:
2079:
1742:
1514:
Thiền draws its texts and practices mainly from the Chinese Chan tradition as well as other schools of
1019:
966:
2887:
1595:
1478:
1452:
1432:
1418:
807:
3361:
1704:
K. W. Taylor, John K. Whitmore; Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts, Cornell University Press, 2018, p. 103.
1713:
K. W. Taylor, John K. Whitmore; Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts, Cornell University Press, 2018, p. 81.
3284:
2181:
2160:
1622:
1582:
1368:
920:
569:
166:
129:
2278:
1202:(1218–77) was known as the "Great Monk King" and wrote various important Buddhist works including
915:
3758:
2877:
1905:
1652:
1488:
in contemporary Vietnam. Commenting on the current situation in Vietnam, Philip Taylor writes:
1218:
1199:
887:
797:
792:
2283:
1089:) who is considered the founder of Thiền, traveled to Vietnam after completing his studies with
4057:
3381:
3274:
2924:
1456:
1422:
1333:
860:
519:
479:
337:
156:
3463:
3453:
2934:
2919:
1586:
1519:
1467:
812:
504:
3631:
3573:
3351:
3166:
2768:
1913:
1313:
959:
534:
2892:
1760:
1440:
1300:
1039:
802:
3894:
3422:
3201:
2996:
1392:
286:
23:
1647:
1276:
and practiced under Chan master Yiju Zhijiao (一句智教, 30th generation of Caodong school) in
509:
8:
3763:
3515:
3494:
3346:
3315:
2773:
1642:
1615:
1539:
1485:
1410:
1289:
1082:
1006:
990:
877:
524:
3933:
1167:
4091:
4064:
4000:
3768:
3443:
3401:
3006:
2486:
1600:
1340:
1246:
945:
882:
306:
3901:
3320:
4016:
3605:
3366:
2406:
2222:
2105:
2054:
2036:
Print and Power: Confucianism, Communism and Buddhism in the Making of Modern Vietnam
1917:
1606:
1502:
1384:
1372:
1281:
687:
643:
564:
407:
387:
3269:
2747:
1614:
Hạnh sought to "promote the idea of a humanistic, unified Buddhism." He founded the
1399:
in protest of the South Vietnamese government's repression of Buddhists during the "
839:
733:
204:
4031:
3589:
3489:
3376:
3305:
2872:
2742:
2526:
2521:
2511:
2441:
2421:
2416:
2391:
2227:
1909:
1515:
1396:
1352:
1329:
1269:
1194:
1175:
1102:
935:
668:
3076:
2867:
1995:
Buddhism & Zen in Vietnam: In Relation to the Development of Buddhism in Asia,
1328:
Vietnamese Buddhism suffered from political oppression during the colonial era of
3530:
3458:
3448:
3386:
3371:
3336:
2929:
2763:
2726:
2536:
2516:
2491:
2466:
2451:
2381:
2366:
1977:
Hanna Havnevik, Ute Hüsken, Mark Teeuwen, Vladimir Tikhonov, Koen Wellens (ed.),
1964:
Hanna Havnevik, Ute Hüsken, Mark Teeuwen, Vladimir Tikhonov, Koen Wellens (ed.),
1951:
Hanna Havnevik, Ute Hüsken, Mark Teeuwen, Vladimir Tikhonov, Koen Wellens (ed.),
1880:
Eastspirit: Transnational Spirituality and Religious Circulation in East and West
1463:
1400:
1376:
829:
574:
499:
281:
42:
31:
2186:
1526:
Most Buddhist monks and laymen in Vietnam traditionally obey the disciplines of
1109:, called Vô Ngôn Thông in Vietnamese, which was associated with the teaching of
253:
3926:
3866:
3417:
3356:
3011:
2970:
2965:
2794:
2778:
2659:
2602:
2531:
2481:
2461:
2202:
2074:
1428:
1380:
1272:
through Thiền master Thông Giác Thủy Nguyệt (通覺水月, 1637-1704), who traveled to
1265:
1023:
897:
834:
692:
658:
613:
451:
375:
342:
238:
2820:
1288:. After three years of practice there, he achieved enlightenment and received
4085:
3484:
3396:
3216:
3097:
3001:
2944:
2799:
2721:
2701:
2567:
2506:
2501:
2471:
2456:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2396:
2376:
2212:
2176:
2140:
1979:
Buddhist Modernities: Re-inventing Tradition in the Globalizing Modern World,
1966:
Buddhist Modernities: Re-inventing Tradition in the Globalizing Modern World,
1953:
Buddhist Modernities: Re-inventing Tradition in the Globalizing Modern World,
1222:
1217:
The first truly Vietnamese Thiền school was founded by the religious emperor
1074:
1062:
673:
663:
648:
638:
633:
608:
544:
514:
489:
347:
276:
161:
97:
3821:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1078:
362:
4050:
4026:
3525:
3341:
3279:
3139:
3123:
3118:
3051:
2960:
2939:
2716:
2685:
2541:
2496:
2476:
2446:
2401:
2150:
2098:
1630:
1364:
1348:
1308:
1261:
1242:
1226:
824:
748:
653:
559:
105:
53:
3831:
1800:
Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thiền uyển tập anh
1787:
Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thiền uyển tập anh
1739:
Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thiền uyển tập anh
3873:
3520:
3468:
3427:
3187:
3182:
2706:
2607:
2371:
2356:
2217:
2145:
1567:
1563:
1360:
1356:
1159:
1139:
1114:
1113:. Information about these schools can be gleaned from a Chinese language
1070:
603:
539:
529:
494:
402:
332:
221:
113:
27:
3071:
2882:
2008:, To be is to inter-be, Philosophical Teachings of Thích Nhất Nhất Hạnh,
1761:"Dietrich, Angela, The Roots of Interbeing: Buddhist Revival in Vietnam"
1451:. The most famous practitioner of modern Thiền Buddhism in the West was
3951:
3826:
3742:
3221:
2846:
2386:
2361:
2304:
2258:
2253:
1414:
1406:
1143:
1110:
1106:
1045:
780:
628:
484:
327:
291:
226:
199:
3800:
1776:
Thích Quảng Liên, "A Short Introduction of Buddhism in Vietnam", 1968.
1094:
209:
4021:
3887:
3695:
3391:
3092:
2841:
2654:
2633:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2248:
2024:
Modernity and Re-enchantment: Religion in Post-revolutionary Vietnam.
1590:
1460:
1292:
from Master Zhijiao. He then returned to Vietnam and began to preach
849:
844:
765:
716:
549:
194:
2268:
352:
171:
3880:
3860:
Long Scroll of the Treatise on the Two Entrances and Four Practices
3805:
3795:
3310:
2711:
2664:
2572:
2328:
2263:
1859:"Tiểu sử Đức Pháp Chủ GHPGVN cố Đại Lão Hòa Thượng Thích Đức Nhuận"
1527:
1293:
1035:
854:
248:
181:
3737:
3102:
3066:
2680:
1257:. Lâm Tế remains the largest monastic order in the country today.
1123:("Compendium of Outstanding figures of the Chan Garden" c. 1337).
753:
738:
554:
3995:
2628:
2577:
2411:
2323:
1507:
1444:
1090:
1011:
930:
623:
618:
322:
301:
296:
151:
3716:
77:
3990:
3732:
2851:
2273:
2050:
Zen Conquests: Buddhist Transformations in Contemporary Vietnam
1901:
1626:
1543:
1531:
1277:
1230:
1069:, 111 BCE to 939 CE, which also accommodated local animism and
940:
925:
775:
743:
711:
311:
176:
2084:
1578:
is also a very widespread practice, as in all schools of Zen.
1225:
or "Bamboo Grove" school, which evinced a deep influence from
3700:
3674:
2836:
2649:
2623:
2562:
2557:
2299:
1535:
1344:
1317:
1285:
1273:
770:
728:
706:
271:
1158:
First page of a Buddhist essay by Trần Thái Tông, ca. 1260.
2333:
2309:
1304:
1253:, was founded in the 18th century by a monk by the name of
317:
1618:
as a new modernist and humanistic form of Vietnamese Zen.
1073:
influences. According to traditional accounts, in 580, an
2135:
2121:
1455:(1926–2022) who authored dozens of books and founded the
1015:
92:
67:
2090:
1695:
Keith Weller Taylor, The Birth of Vietnam 1983, p. 157
1823:
1821:
1459:
in France together with his colleague, Thiền Master
1443:(1924–2022) is credited for renovating Trúc Lâm in
1146:, and ritualism" which was "very worldly engaged."
1818:
4083:
1034:; thiền na), which is a transliteration of the
1842:
1827:
1466:. Another influential teacher in the West was
1339:Modern Vietnamese Thiền was influenced by the
1249:. A more domesticated offshoot of Lâm Tế, the
2106:
1789:, University of Hawaii Press, 1997, p. 13-14.
1221:(1258–1308), who became a monk. This was the
967:
2113:
2099:
1885:
1802:, University of Hawaii Press, 1997, p. 19.
1395:led South Vietnamese Buddhists in acts of
974:
960:
3974:Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
1968:Taylor & Francis, 2017, pp. 183, 188.
1878:Borup, Jørn; Qvortrup Fibiger, Marianne;
2987:Buddha's Light International Association
1947:
1945:
1898:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
1501:
1497:
1474:and founded a meditation center in L.A.
1427:
1405:
1359:social and political activities such as
1153:
18:
1149:
4084:
2316:Who is the master that sees and hears?
1914:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.755
1845:Tào Động Tông Nam Truyền Tổ Sư Ngữ Lục
1733:
1731:
1332:, both by pro-Confucian mandarins and
2094:
2080:Sweeping Zen: Vietnamese Zen Teachers
2046:
2018:
2016:
1989:
1987:
1942:
1891:
1472:University of California, Los Angeles
1005:
1847:. Nhà xuất bản Hồng Đức. p. 51.
1815:, Oneworld Publications, 2013, p.238
1755:
1753:
1751:
1721:
1719:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1506:Thiền monks performing a service in
1417:) meditation hall, which is part of
1955:Taylor & Francis, 2017, p. 189.
1728:
16:Vietnamese version of Chan Buddhism
13:
2013:
1984:
1981:Taylor & Francis, 2017, p.188.
1861:. phatgiaoquangnam.com. 2016-12-28
1813:A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1303:. Similar to Chan Buddhism in the
14:
4103:
3017:Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
2068:
1748:
1716:
1665:
893:Zen organisation and institutions
457:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall
4069:
4068:
4045:
4044:
3038:Dharma Realm Buddhist University
1930:from the original on 7 July 2021
1323:
1212:Commentary on The Diamond Sutra,
1065:was introduced during the early
432:Two Entrances and Four Practices
76:
41:
2053:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2028:
2000:
1971:
1958:
1872:
1851:
1836:
1805:
1792:
1682:Johnston, William M. (editor),
1056:
3641:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
3509:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
1997:Tuttle Publishing, 1992, p. 3.
1779:
1770:
1707:
1698:
1689:
998:
447:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
1:
3547:Soto Zen Buddhist Association
3290:Tassajara Zen Mountain Center
1658:
1583:Theravada Buddhism in Vietnam
1067:Chinese domination of Vietnam
205:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing
3611:Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey
3243:Trúc Lâm Monastery of Da Lat
3022:City of Ten Thousand Buddhas
2992:Four Heavenly Kings (Taiwan)
1684:Encyclopedia of Monasticism,
1589:has also been influenced by
664:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)
7:
3616:Norwich Zen Buddhist Priory
1892:Gleig, Ann (28 June 2021).
1636:
1470:, who taught philosophy at
244:Doctrinal background of Zen
26:, Thiền temple outside the
10:
4108:
3752:Institutional organisation
3680:Buddhist initiation ritual
3500:Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji
2980:Contemperory Organizations
1743:University of Hawaii Press
1051:
1030:), an abbreviation of 禪那 (
4040:
4009:
3983:
3965:
3943:
3920:Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind
3911:
3851:
3844:
3814:
3788:
3781:
3751:
3725:
3709:
3688:
3667:
3660:
3640:
3624:
3598:
3582:
3566:
3559:
3539:
3508:
3477:
3436:
3410:
3362:Zen Center of Los Angeles
3329:
3298:
3262:
3255:
3230:
3209:
3200:
3175:
3159:
3152:
3132:
3111:
3085:
3059:
3050:
3030:
2979:
2953:
2912:
2905:
2860:
2829:
2808:
2787:
2756:
2735:
2694:
2673:
2642:
2616:
2550:
2349:
2342:
2292:
2241:
2195:
2169:
2128:
2047:Soucy, Alexander (2022).
1435:, Vietnamese Thiền master
644:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)
3285:San Francisco Zen Center
2816:Karlfried Graf Dürckheim
2161:Zen in the United States
1369:environmental protection
1268:was first introduced to
1185:During the early Lê and
570:Ordinary Mind Zen School
462:Transmission of the Lamp
167:Turning the light around
130:Zen in the United States
3759:Zen ranks and hierarchy
2120:
1906:Oxford University Press
1843:Thích Tiến Đạt (2015).
1828:Thích Thanh Từ (1991).
1581:Due to the presence of
1544:chant the Buddha's name
1389:Unified Buddhist Sangha
1245:, which mixed Chan and
1208:A Guide to Zen Buddhism
888:Zen ranks and hierarchy
861:Category: Zen Buddhists
195:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures
3411:Philip Kapleau lineage
3382:Geoffrey Shugen Arnold
3275:Zentatsu Richard Baker
3263:Shunryū Suzuki lineage
3133:Academic organizations
3031:Academic organizations
2925:East Mountain Teaching
2279:Three Mysterious Gates
1882:, BRILL, 2017, p. 168.
1560:
1511:
1495:
1457:Plum Village Monastery
1436:
1425:
1423:Plum Village Tradition
1163:
1131:in medieval Vietnam."
1086:
1010:) is the name for the
994:
520:Plum Village Tradition
480:East Mountain Teaching
442:The Awakening of Faith
338:Prostration (Buddhism)
157:Original enlightenment
35:
3632:Shinzan Miyamae Roshi
3574:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
3478:Soen Nakagawa lineage
3167:Nine mountain schools
2769:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
1576:Mahaparinirvana sutra
1524:
1505:
1498:Teaching and practice
1490:
1431:
1409:
1381:opposition to warfare
1312:Phúc tự), located in
1301:Lê Trung Hưng dynasty
1157:
1022:pronunciation of the
674:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)
654:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)
649:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)
634:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)
535:Kwan Um School of Zen
418:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
388:Prajñaparamita sutras
382:Indian Mahayana texts
22:
3934:Three Pillars of Zen
3895:The Gateless Barrier
3661:Hierarchy and titles
3423:Rochester Zen Center
2997:Dharma Drum Mountain
2284:Four Ways of Knowing
2264:Sudden Enlightenment
2170:Doctrinal background
1610:According to Chapman
1150:Vietnamese dynasties
1007:[tʰîəntəwŋm]
287:Bodhisattva Precepts
3815:Main Rinzai Temples
3764:Dharma transmission
3599:Other Sōtō lineages
3583:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
3516:Kyozan Joshu Sasaki
3495:Zen Studies Society
3464:Gudō Wafu Nishijima
3454:Kōbun Chino Otogawa
3437:Other Sōtō lineages
3347:Robert Baker Aitken
3299:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
2935:Five Houses of Chán
2920:Five Houses of Chán
2182:East Asian Yogācāra
1832:. pp. 221–229.
1643:Buddhism in Vietnam
1616:Order of Interbeing
1540:practice meditation
1486:freedom of religion
1411:Deer Park Monastery
1214:as well as poetry.
1204:Lessons in the Void
878:Dharma transmission
525:Order of Interbeing
505:Five Houses of Chán
249:Representation-only
200:Five ranks of Tozan
4001:Pure Land Buddhism
3966:Cultural influence
3769:Zen lineage charts
3402:Kanzeon Zen Center
3238:Vạn Hạnh Monastery
3176:Contemporary sects
3007:Tzu Chi Foundation
2487:Liangshan Yuanguan
2196:Influential Sutras
2034:McHale, Shawn F.,
1894:"Engaged Buddhism"
1607:Anapanasati sutta.
1601:Satipatthana sutta
1512:
1437:
1426:
1341:Buddhist modernism
1247:Pure Land Buddhism
1193:During the Lý and
1164:
1138:was "a mixture of
1120:Thiền uyển tập anh
946:Pure Land Buddhism
883:Zen lineage charts
307:Walking meditation
36:
4079:
4078:
4017:Heinrich Dumoulin
4010:Academic research
3961:
3960:
3840:
3839:
3789:Main Sōtō Temples
3777:
3776:
3656:
3655:
3606:Houn Jiyu-Kennett
3555:
3554:
3367:White Plum Asanga
3251:
3250:
3196:
3195:
3148:
3147:
3124:Ningen Zen Kyodan
3112:Lay organizations
3046:
3045:
2901:
2900:
2788:White Plum Asanga
2407:Dongshan Liangjie
2223:Vimalakirti Sutra
2208:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
2006:Andronic, Mihaela
1830:Thiền Sư Việt Nam
1798:Cuong Tu Nguyen,
1785:Cuong Tu Nguyen,
1737:Cuong Tu Nguyen,
1572:Surangama Samadhi
1383:, and support of
1373:rural development
1282:Zhejiang province
984:
983:
688:Zhongfeng Mingben
629:Mazu Daoyi (Baso)
565:White Plum Asanga
408:Vimalakirti Sutra
398:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
393:Lankavatara Sutra
222:Bodhisattva ideal
4099:
4072:
4071:
4048:
4047:
4032:William Bodiford
3849:
3848:
3786:
3785:
3665:
3664:
3590:Taisen Deshimaru
3564:
3563:
3490:Eido Tai Shimano
3377:John Daido Loori
3330:Yasutani lineage
3260:
3259:
3207:
3206:
3202:Vietnamese Thiền
3160:Historical sects
3157:
3156:
3060:Historical sects
3057:
3056:
2913:Historical sects
2910:
2909:
2861:Vietnamese Thiền
2527:Tiantong Zongjue
2522:Zhenxie Qingliao
2512:Hongzhi Zhengjue
2442:Dongshan Shouchu
2422:Nanyang Huizhong
2417:Baizhang Huaihai
2392:Baizhang Huaihai
2347:
2346:
2228:Avatamsaka Sutra
2156:Vietnamese Thiền
2115:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2064:
2039:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1993:Thich Thien-an,
1991:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1746:
1735:
1726:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1516:Chinese Buddhism
1397:civil resistance
1353:engaged Buddhism
1343:of figures like
1330:French Indochina
1314:Ba Đình district
1270:Northern Vietnam
1087:Tì-ni-đa-lưu-chi
1009:
1004:
1000:
976:
969:
962:
787:Thiền in Vietnam
669:Yongming Yanshou
413:Avatamsaka Sutra
182:Sudden awakening
80:
70:
62:
58:
52:
45:
38:
37:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4036:
4005:
3984:Related schools
3979:
3957:
3939:
3907:
3836:
3810:
3773:
3747:
3721:
3705:
3684:
3652:
3636:
3620:
3594:
3578:
3551:
3535:
3531:Keido Fukushima
3504:
3473:
3459:Gyokuko Carlson
3449:Dainin Katagiri
3432:
3406:
3387:Zen Peacemakers
3372:Bernie Glassman
3337:Hakuun Yasutani
3325:
3321:Shōhaku Okumura
3294:
3247:
3226:
3192:
3171:
3144:
3128:
3107:
3081:
3042:
3026:
2975:
2949:
2930:Hongzhou school
2897:
2888:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2856:
2825:
2804:
2783:
2764:Hakuun Yasutani
2752:
2731:
2727:Keido Fukushima
2690:
2674:Traditional Zen
2669:
2638:
2612:
2546:
2537:Tiantong Rujing
2517:Wansong Xingxiu
2492:Dayang Jingxuan
2467:Yunyan Tansheng
2452:Qingyuan Xingsi
2382:Nanyue Huairang
2367:Jianzhi Sengcan
2338:
2288:
2237:
2233:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
2191:
2165:
2124:
2119:
2071:
2061:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2001:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1841:
1837:
1826:
1819:
1810:
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1763:
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1758:
1749:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1666:
1661:
1639:
1596:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1518:. According to
1500:
1479:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1453:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1449:Thích Thiện Hoa
1433:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1419:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1401:Buddhist crisis
1393:Thích Trí Quang
1377:ethnic violence
1363:, promotion of
1334:French colonial
1326:
1241:, based on the
1152:
1059:
1054:
1020:Sino-Vietnamese
1018:. Thiền is the
1002:
980:
951:
950:
911:
910:Related schools
903:
902:
873:
865:
864:
830:Hakuun Yasutani
808:Thích Nhất Hạnh
593:
588:
580:
579:
575:Zen Peacemakers
500:Hongzhou school
475:
467:
466:
437:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
378:
368:
367:
363:Zen calligraphy
282:Bodhisattva vow
277:Six Perfections
267:
259:
258:
190:
148:
143:
135:
134:
88:
68:
60:
54:
50:
24:Trúc Lâm Temple
17:
12:
11:
5:
4105:
4095:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4054:
4041:
4038:
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4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3927:The Way of Zen
3923:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3867:Platform Sutra
3863:
3855:
3853:
3846:
3845:Zen literature
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3783:
3779:
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3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3749:
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3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
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3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3690:
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3685:
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3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3654:
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3651:
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3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:Philip Kapleau
3414:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Taizan Maezumi
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3316:Kōshō Uchiyama
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3270:Shunryū Suzuki
3266:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3012:Chung Tai Shan
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2971:Guiyang school
2968:
2966:Caodong school
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2893:Thích Thanh Từ
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Trần Nhân Tông
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:Taizan Maezumi
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2779:Philip Kapleau
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2748:Shunryū Suzuki
2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2643:Modern Guiyang
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2617:Modern Caodong
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Xuedou Zhijian
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Tongan Guanzhi
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Yaoshan Weiyan
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2350:Classical Chan
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2302:
2296:
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2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
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2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2203:Zen scriptures
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2075:Vietnamese Zen
2070:
2069:External links
2067:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2027:
2012:
1999:
1983:
1970:
1957:
1941:
1922:
1884:
1871:
1850:
1835:
1817:
1811:Powers, John,
1804:
1791:
1778:
1769:
1747:
1745:, 1997, p. 21.
1727:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1653:Trần Nhân Tông
1650:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1520:Thích Thiên-Ân
1499:
1496:
1468:Thích Thiên-Ân
1441:Thích Thanh Từ
1385:women's rights
1325:
1322:
1266:Caodong school
1219:Trần Nhân Tông
1200:Trần Thái Tông
1151:
1148:
1117:work entitled
1115:hagiographical
1101:the patriarch
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1024:Middle Chinese
987:Thiền Buddhism
982:
981:
979:
978:
971:
964:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
898:Zen Narratives
895:
890:
885:
880:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Shunryū Suzuki
837:
835:Taizan Maezumi
832:
827:
816:
815:
813:Thích Thiên-Ân
810:
805:
803:Thích Thanh Từ
800:
798:Trần Nhân Tông
795:
793:Trần Thái Tông
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
720:
719:
714:
709:
696:
695:
693:Hanshan Deqing
690:
681:Post-classical
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
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482:
476:
473:
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469:
468:
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464:
459:
454:
452:Platform Sutra
449:
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439:
434:
421:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
379:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
343:Buddhist chant
340:
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320:
315:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
268:
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260:
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251:
246:
241:
239:Zen and Sutras
230:
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212:
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202:
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185:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4104:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:Zen Buddhists
4055:
4053:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3948:
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3928:
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3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
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3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3648:Kaishin Inshu
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3612:
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3587:
3585:
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2213:Diamond Sutra
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2177:Buddha-nature
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2141:Chan Buddhism
2139:
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2129:Main articles
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2060:9780824889982
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2019:
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1439:Thiền master
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1355:" focused on
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1324:Modern period
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1278:Huzhou region
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1063:Chan Buddhism
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591:Chán in China
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545:Rinzai school
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490:Oxhead school
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425:Chinese texts
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376:Zen scripture
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348:Dharma combat
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162:Buddha-nature
160:
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155:
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150:
149:
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146:The "essence"
139:
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126:
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87:Main articles
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57:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4063:
4056:
4051:Zen Buddhism
4049:
4027:Steven Heine
3972:
3950:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3625:Zendo Kyodan
3567:Sanbo Kyodan
3560:European Zen
3526:Shodo Harada
3352:John Tarrant
3342:Sanbo Kyodan
3280:Mel Weitsman
3210:Extant sects
3140:Kyoto School
3119:Sanbo Kyodan
3086:Extant sects
3052:Japanese Zen
2961:Linji school
2954:Extant sects
2940:Fayan school
2906:Chinese Chán
2757:Sanbo Kyodan
2717:D. T. Suzuki
2686:Hakuin Ekaku
2542:Xueting Fuyu
2497:Touzi Yiqing
2477:Tongan Daopi
2447:Yuanwu Keqin
2402:Linji Yixuan
2155:
2151:Japanese Zen
2085:Plum Village
2049:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1932:. Retrieved
1897:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1772:
1738:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1683:
1648:Lý Thái Tông
1631:Confucianism
1620:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1580:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1525:
1513:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1438:
1365:human rights
1349:D. T. Suzuki
1338:
1327:
1298:
1262:Linji school
1259:
1243:Linji school
1236:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1184:
1182:(980-1400).
1165:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1118:
1099:
1060:
1057:Early period
1040:
1031:
1027:
1016:Zen Buddhism
986:
985:
859:
825:D. T. Suzuki
818:
817:
786:
785:
759:
758:
749:Hakuin Ekaku
723:Zen in Japan
722:
721:
700:Contemporary
699:
698:
697:
680:
679:
678:
596:
595:
594:
590:
560:Sanbo Kyodan
555:Ōbaku school
510:Tibetan Chan
424:
423:
422:
381:
380:
232:
231:
215:
214:
187:
186:
145:
123:
121:
115:
107:
99:
69:Zen Buddhism
55:
3874:Xinxin Ming
3540:Pan-lineage
3521:Omori Sogen
3469:Brad Warner
3428:Toni Packer
3306:Kōdō Sawaki
3188:Jogye Order
3183:Taego Order
3153:Korean Seon
2830:Korean Seon
2821:Muhō Noelke
2743:Kōdō Sawaki
2736:Modern Sōtō
2707:Soyen Shaku
2608:Shi Yinshun
2372:Dayi Daoxin
2357:Bodhidharma
2218:Heart Sūtra
2146:Korean Seon
1568:Vimalakirti
1564:Lotus sutra
1361:peacemaking
1357:non-violent
1260:Beside the
1140:thaumaturgy
1077:monk named
872:Institution
819:Western Zen
604:Bodhidharma
550:Sōtō school
540:Taego Order
530:Jogye Order
495:Heze school
403:Lotus Sutra
210:One Vehicle
122:Vietnamese
28:resort town
3952:Zen at War
3902:Shōbōgenzō
3827:Daitoku-ji
3822:Myōshin-ji
3743:Zen master
3689:Attendants
3222:Wu Yantong
2847:Seongcheol
2809:German Zen
2387:Mazu Daoyi
2362:Dazu Huike
2305:Shikantaza
2259:Five Ranks
2254:Shikantaza
1865:2023-11-17
1659:References
1464:Chân Không
1415:California
1403:" of '63.
1336:policies.
1144:asceticism
1136:Thiền uyển
1129:Thiền uyển
1111:Mazu Daoyi
1107:Wu Yantong
1083:Vietnamese
1079:Vinītaruci
1046:meditation
1014:school of
1012:Vietnamese
995:Thiền tông
991:Vietnamese
781:Seongcheol
485:Sanjiejiao
474:Traditions
358:Zen poetry
328:Samu (Zen)
292:Shikantaza
233:Background
227:Buddhahood
216:The "goal"
34:, Vietnam.
4065:Zen texts
4022:Masao Abe
3888:Denkoroku
3832:Tōfuku-ji
3696:Jikijitsu
3392:Joko Beck
2868:Pháp Hiền
2842:Seungsahn
2655:Hsuan Hua
2634:Sheng-yen
2598:Wei Chueh
2593:Cheng Yen
2588:Hsing Yun
2583:Sheng-yen
2249:Ten Bulls
2242:Teachings
1591:Theravada
1548:niệm Phật
1530:, recite
1461:bhikkhuni
1255:Liễu Quán
1251:Liễu Quán
1227:Confucian
850:Seungsahn
845:Hsuan Hua
766:Taego Bou
717:Sheng-yen
597:Classical
266:Practices
254:Emptiness
142:Teachings
106:Japanese
4086:Category
3944:Critical
3881:Sandokai
3806:Antai-ji
3796:Eihei-ji
3311:Antai-ji
3217:Trúc Lâm
3072:Fuke-shū
2883:Pháp Loa
2873:Vạn Hạnh
2712:Sokei-an
2665:Chuanyin
2573:Yuanying
2329:Zazenkai
2293:Practice
1934:8 August
1928:Archived
1637:See also
1604:and the
1556:Nembutsu
1534:, learn
1528:Hinayana
1294:Buddhism
1223:Trúc Lâm
1180:Later Lê
1178:and the
1168:Early Lê
1103:Vạn Hạnh
1061:Chinese
1036:Sanskrit
1026:word 禪 (
855:Sokei-an
515:Trúc Lâm
98:Chinese
56:a series
3996:Tiantai
3852:Classic
3801:Sōji-ji
3782:Temples
3726:Teacher
3256:USA Zen
3077:Niō Zen
2660:Yicheng
2629:Dongchu
2603:Yicheng
2578:Benhuan
2412:Huineng
2377:Hongren
2343:Persons
2324:Sesshin
2187:Śūnyatā
1686:p. 276.
1552:Nien-fo
1445:Vietnam
1162:script.
1160:Chữ Nho
1095:Luy Lâu
1091:Sengcan
1052:History
936:Shingon
931:Tiantai
639:Huangbo
624:Shenhui
614:Shenxiu
609:Hongren
587:Persons
323:Hua Tou
302:Dhāraṇī
297:Sesshin
188:The way
152:No-mind
114:Korean
51:Part of
3991:Huayan
3912:Modern
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