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903:) is a Buddhist value that reinforces how Buddhism views standards in medicine, which is observed in all three schools of Buddhism. Although it can be seen as morally good, committing an act through compassion is not always justified. Taking a life out of compassion to mitigate the affliction one experiences through illness or injury is an instance in which a person may feel he or she is vindicated to exploit euthanasia. However, in Buddhism and the
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Hospice care employees therefore prefer not to allow a person to die in an anesthetized, unconscious state of mind. A positive transition to a future life is best obtained when one dies with a clear conscience, free of anger, dissent, and anxiety, and in a relaxed state of being. In
Buddhism, a "good
743:
Monks and nuns are meant to follow the decorum that is relayed, which expresses what is considered to be wrongfully killing someone (prohibited by
Buddhist precepts) by the actions of another who is conferred to follow holy orders and those who are not. Outside of Vinaya, there is no specific mention
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In
Buddhism, considering the conception of meditative states, some in a vegetative state are therefore still sentient. Being in a continuous state of vegetation is not the same as the process by which one prepares for death, even though it does resemble it. The possibility exists for one to lack the
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Out of morally good compassion, he or she might decide to cease the sources of life preservation without pressure from others. Had those associations been pressuring the patient to forgo further life saving treatment, this could be observed as murderous. If the patient were terminally ill and unable
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A morally good scenario of compassion would be if a patient in a hospital in his or her right mind feels that their ailment is using too much of a valuable resource in limited quantities, or causing their family to spend large sums of money that is not readily available on medical bills to keep them
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A vegetative state can be considered a varied form of meditation where the sentience of someone acts in a way not ordinary to what is regularly observed. Another form of consciousness where the body does not react is that of "formless" rebirths. Due to these meditative states, it is often difficult
943:
Buddhism shows that even with a damaged physical organ, such as the brain, someone is still deserving of compassion because they are still capable of causing varying emotions in someone who cares for them. To end a life because of a patient's state of mind and to deny them treatment would be an act
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Although
Buddhism views this state of being as damaged, the individual should be treated no different than before. Both animals and humans, prior to their birth as they await in the mother's womb, have value and therefore should not have their life taken from them. However, some Buddhists are under
747:
During the life of Buddha, instances occurred when monks who practiced medicine were put in situations where they had to make a decision to assist in another's suicide by physically taking their life, providing the instrument used to take their life, or allowing the person to suffer, as observed in
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Not only does it provide volunteers to visit those nearing death, but it provides an avenue for those who lost someone they cared about to receive counsel and sympathy and is also used as a center into researching death and mourning. The purpose of such a center is to truly alleviate any amount of
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Euthanasia, although it can be considered a compassionate act, is not seen in
Buddhism as an act of selflessness and benevolence, but rather an act of damage masked as help, which in turn can result in negative karma. If someone is suffering as a result of sickness, it could be a result of karma,
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one garners in their current lifetime, it is determined at which realm one diverges to next upon death. The first three realms (Hell realm, hungry ghost realm, and animal realm) are the most detested of the six and are meant to cause suffering, disallowing proper mental capabilities as a result of
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In this instance, the monks praised the idea that death was beautiful to a sick monk, persuading him to take an unrevealed measure to end his life. Because of the monk's expression of virtue, as he was informed by other monks, he would receive a good rebirth. As a result of these provocations, the
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Should any bhikkhu intentionally deprive a human being of life, or search for an assassin for him, or praise the advantages of death, or incite him to die (saying,): "My good man, what use is this evil, miserable life to you? Death would be better for you than life," or with such an idea in mind,
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Although at death one loses all physical possessions, leaving their family, loved ones, and achievements all behind, death does not destroy all that belongs to a person. The purification of their character through virtuous and meditative practices carries over into their next life and into their
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The state of consciousness, at the time, may be experiencing a demonstration of going through the processes of death in ultimate preparation so that once death does come, it can receive the best form of rebirth. During this process of preparation, the eyes and other sense-organs will cease to
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is neither dead nor alive, but instead is said to be in some form of obscure state of mind and still a living individual. They lack the necessity to rely on outside assistance to support their ability to stay alive other than being supplemented with nutrients to keep them functioning for a
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Buddhism paints life in a way that is fundamentally valuable, and it should never be surrendered for any reason, whether compassion, amity, or anything of value. It would be an ill-advised way to show compassion rooted in misconception to endorse death using compassion as the reasoning.
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is one of three
Buddhist canonical sources that makes up the Tripitaka that most relates to euthanasia. It was created to encompass a series of case laws in which Buddha provided judgement on various matters, even though the term "euthanasia" is not specifically mentioned.
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Among
Buddhists, there is much confusion as to when one is truly dead. Some consider death to be when the brain loses its functionality. And there are those who disagree with this idea. When Buddha passed away, according to ancient texts, his 25-year personal attendant
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has offered assistance to terminally ill patients, with trained hospice employees since the inception of a hospice training program in 1987. The
Buddhist Hospice Trust in the United Kingdom has been an alternative to this center since its founding in 1987.
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The Buddha, therefore, included a precept in Vinaya against the termination of another human life following the discovery that monks either took their own life or requested that others kill them because they were unhappy with their body. Buddha stated that:
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Buddhists believe that life begins at the point of birth and ends when the individual dies. Throughout the course of the individual's life, between life and death, they are to be respected with dignity, regardless of their state of mental capacity or
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And although more acceptable than the former, the asura and god realm remain unfavorable as they permit one ultimate happiness but prevents the opportunity for the spirit to progress. Only through good karma can one's spirit reach the human realm.
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Buddhism does not confirm that life should be conserved by implementing whatever is necessary to postpone death, but instead expresses that the intentional precipitation of death is ethically inadmissible in every condition one is presented in.
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An example of an unjustified act of compassion is a case written in the Vinaya, where a convicted man is hastily executed after a monk requests the executioner to do so, as to not prolong his suffering and the sorrowful period he has to wait.
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until they can cease to desire and nirvana is obtained. In conjunction with a person's previously attained karma, their state of mind at the point of death holds great importance when the determining of what kind of rebirth is to take place.
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significant number of years. With this, Buddhism sees someone in a vegetative state as a living, breathing life form, because the value in which one's life holds is not observed through individualism.
1019:
810:, Buddha lacked any vital signs of life, making it unclear for future Buddhists to determine the point of death when such physiological states exist and are relayed in Buddhist literary texts.
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Hospice care is meant to assist a person to have, what is called a "good death." When one nears death, they should be able to reflect on their life peacefully. Since 1971, the
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declared him as dead. However, Ananda was later corrected by a monk senior to him, claiming that Buddha was only in a severe state of yogistic stupor. During this yogic
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and ending their life is not likely to end their adversity, as the suffering caused by karma will only follow them after death until its energy concludes.
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such a purpose in mind, should in various ways praise the advantages of death or incite him to die, he also is defeated and no longer in affiliation.
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that is not intended to end their life, allowing them to pass away painless and comfortable, is a highly considerable alternative to euthanasia.
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to eat on their own accord, it would be a requirement of his or her associations to assist them, even if intravenous feeding was necessary.
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of abandonment, which would be considered irrational and unfair because
Buddhists have a strong belief in compassion for all living things.
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anxiety one could experience when approaching death, leaving known loved ones behind, and to ensure a clear and calm state of mind.
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himself on
Buddhist principles and values followed, guiding approximately 500 million Buddhists spanning the globe on their path to
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Buddhists hold the belief that upon death, they are reborn and will experience life through a series of lifetimes called
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the impression that an unconscious life, or one that lacks awareness, does not have value, which is highly debatable.
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death" is facilitated by family and friends, who do their best to ensure the dying person is untroubled and uplifted.
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In the past, as one school of Buddhism evolved into the next, their scriptures recorded through the oral messages of
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1020:"The Response to Euthanasia from the Perspective of Buddhism, Mandalay University Research Journal 3, 188-195"
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864:). Of all the realms that exist, the human realm is the most anticipated, yet the most difficult to obtain.
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after recognizing a number of monks provoking a patient to believe that he should choose death over life.
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1164:"Bhikkhu PÄį¹imokkha (rules for male monks), translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu, 2007"
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Suicide and Euthanasia from a Buddhist Viewpoint: On NikƔya, Vinaya Pitaka and the Chinese Canon
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Keown, Damien (1998ā1999). "Suicide, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: A Buddhist Perspective".
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function, but the person's sense of touch, brain function, and life force lie in the heart.
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Suicide and Euthanasia in Buddhism: Ethicization of the Narratives in the Pali Canon
1611:, Indogaku chibettogaku kenkyÄ
(Journal of Indian and Tibetan Studies) 5/6, 144-190
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688:, or "mercy killing", in a denunciatory manner. Such methods of euthanasia include
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1994:
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245:
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1444:
Becker, Carl B. (October 1990). "Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia".
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negative karma from negative acts performed during the previous life.
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1116:"Killing, karma and caring: euthanasia in Buddhism and Christianity"
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An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues
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1914:
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907:, it can create incongruities through the infringement of life.
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160:
2710:
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1516:
Suicide, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: A Buddhist Perspective
1475:
Suicide, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: A Buddhist Perspective
840:
There are six realms of life in Buddhist cosmology: Hell realm (
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3083:
3073:
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2636:
2592:
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1984:
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to determine in a physical manner a state of consciousness.
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765:, adding the punishment of excommunication for life from the
410:
4113:
2906:
2572:
2069:
821:
1473:
Florida, R. E. (1998ā1999). "A Response to Damien Keown's
761:
With this, Buddha later expanded the precept in the third
3771:
2307:
1514:
Harvey, Peter (1998ā1999). "A Response to Damien Keown's
719:, a consensus is reached by the Buddha on euthanasia and
1360:
Lecso PA (1986). "Euthanasia: a Buddhist perspective".
931:
According to Buddhist precepts, someone who is in a
956:function to breathe and think, but still be alive.
723:that expresses a lack of fondness of its practice.
4296:
1113:
664:Buddhist views, although varying on a series of
1058:"Buddhism, euthanasia and the sanctity of life"
786:functions. What constitutes life in a body is
1637:
959:
645:
2419:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
1472:
1513:
1644:
1630:
1562:
1055:
972:Moving someone who is terminally ill into
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638:
1426:
1139:
1083:
1408:
1359:
1243:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
963:
887:
816:
744:in early Buddhist texts on euthanasia.
3606:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1618:. PhD thesis, Kyoto: Ryokoku University
4297:
3809:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1443:
1238:
892:The Buddha and Ananda tend a sick monk
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1291:Keown, Damien (September 16, 2005).
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1013:
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976:to help mitigate physical pain with
773:monk stopped eating and later died.
1017:
926:
13:
3596:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1428:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011552
1402:
776:
103:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
98:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
4326:
1411:"Euthanasia: Buddhist principles"
1340:
1257:
1181:
1114:Keown D, Keown J (October 1995).
1100:
1044:
1006:
814:mental sequence of continuation.
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4267:
4266:
3824:Thai temple art and architecture
3569:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1809:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1675:
1662:
1652:
1363:Journal of Religion & Health
1293:"End of life: The buddhist view"
619:
38:
1676:
3814:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3616:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2696:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1887:Places where the Buddha stayed
1156:
16:Application of Buddhist ethics
1:
3829:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1607:Koike, Kiyoyuki (2001/2002).
1311:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67323-0
999:
883:
824:, Lord of Death, holding the
668:within the three branches of
3586:Buddhism and the Roman world
3562:Decline of Buddhism in India
3557:History of Buddhism in India
1657: Topics in
968:The San Francisco Zen Center
301:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
2784:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2524:
1565:Journal of Law and Religion
1520:Journal of Law and Religion
1479:Journal of Law and Religion
1056:Perrett RW (October 1996).
10:
4331:
3734:The unanswerable questions
960:Alternatives to euthanasia
748:cases written in Vinaya.
684:), observe the concept of
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4214:
4129:
4044:
3819:Buddhist temples in Korea
3742:
3644:
3527:
3224:
3152:
2979:
2852:
2792:
2427:
2382:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2293:
2285:Three planes of existence
2233:
2078:
1970:
1900:
1892:Buddha in world religions
1754:
1699:
1671:
1120:Journal of Medical Ethics
1063:Journal of Medical Ethics
730:
3601:Persecution of Buddhists
2822:Four stages of awakening
2203:Three marks of existence
1789:Physical characteristics
1614:Kawamoto, Kanae (2017).
1446:Philosophy East and West
1415:British Medical Bulletin
985:San Francisco Zen Center
4305:Religion and euthanasia
2964:Ten principal disciples
1847:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1409:Barnes M (April 1996).
848:) realm, animal realm (
321:Philosophical reasoning
3674:Buddhism and democracy
3187:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3182:Chinese Buddhist canon
2414:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2409:Early Buddhist schools
1239:Harvey, Peter (2000).
969:
893:
867:Based on the level of
829:
759:
88:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3684:Eight Consciousnesses
1794:Life of Buddha in art
967:
891:
820:
754:
356:Aids to Enlightenment
181:Dependent Origination
4310:Buddhism and society
4161:East Asian religions
3591:Buddhism in the West
3162:Early Buddhist texts
2777:Four Right Exertions
2243:Ten spiritual realms
1736:Noble Eightfold Path
1132:10.1136/jme.21.5.265
1076:10.1136/jme.22.5.309
326:Devotional practices
149:Noble Eightfold Path
4284:Religion portal
4031:Temple of the Tooth
3910:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2949:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
2442:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
2225:Two truths doctrine
2045:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1845:Mahapajapati Gotamī
856:), demi-god realm (
626:Buddhism portal
499:Buddhism by country
261:Sanskrit literature
4315:Buddhism and death
4206:Western philosophy
3804:Dzong architecture
3626:Vipassana movement
3621:Buddhist modernism
3049:Emperor Wen of Sui
2817:PratyekabuddhayÄna
2750:Threefold Training
2552:Vipassana movement
2268:Hungry Ghost realm
2088:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
2035:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
1784:Great Renunciation
1779:Eight Great Events
1661:
1376:10.1007/BF01533053
970:
894:
860:), and god realm (
830:
113:Buddhist modernism
4292:
4291:
3930:Om mani padme hum
3636:Women in Buddhism
3552:Buddhist councils
3422:Western countries
3210:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
2971:Shaolin Monastery
2548:Samatha-vipassanÄ
2158:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
1962:Metteyya/Maitreya
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1709:Four Noble Truths
1305:(9489): 952ā955.
1250:978-0-511-07584-1
1168:access to insight
1032:on April 16, 2018
1018:Lin, Saw (2016).
844:), hungry ghost (
662:
661:
144:Four Noble Truths
4322:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4109:Sacred languages
3957:Maya Devi Temple
3920:Mahabodhi Temple
3724:Secular Buddhism
3689:Engaged Buddhism
2529:
2377:Tibetan Buddhism
2328:Vietnamese Thiį»n
1927:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
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1031:
1025:. Archived from
1024:
1015:
933:vegetative state
927:Vegetative state
852:), human realm (
828:or Wheel of Life
794:(vitality), and
721:assisted suicide
654:
647:
640:
624:
623:
351:Sublime abidings
42:
19:
18:
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3777:Ordination hall
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3611:Buddhist crisis
3523:
3220:
3172:Mahayana sutras
3148:
3144:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
2975:
2848:
2788:
2738:Bodhisattva vow
2423:
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2188:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
2123:Five hindrances
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1667:
1650:
1577:10.2307/1051472
1532:10.2307/1051473
1491:10.2307/1051474
1458:10.2307/1399357
1405:
1403:Further reading
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161:Five Aggregates
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108:Later Buddhists
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3841:Greco-Buddhist
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2143:Mental factors
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1995:MahamoggallÄna
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1571:(2): 385ā405.
1560:
1526:(2): 407ā412.
1511:
1485:(2): 413ā416.
1470:
1452:(4): 543ā556.
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978:pain relievers
961:
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850:TiracchÄnayoni
798:(sentiency).
778:
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4046:Miscellaneous
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4036:Vegetarianism
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3858:Buddha in art
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3512:United States
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3069:Padmasambhava
3067:
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3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2981:Major figures
2978:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:Western tulku
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:Five precepts
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Dhamma vicaya
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:BuddhÄbhiį¹£eka
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Enlightenment
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Dhamma theory
2106:
2104:
2103:Buddha-nature
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Samantabhadra
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1421:(2): 369ā75.
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:(5): 309ā13.
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
997:
993:
989:
986:
981:
979:
975:
966:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
890:
881:
877:
873:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
809:
805:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
774:
770:
768:
764:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:
728:
724:
722:
718:
714:
713:Monastic Rule
710:
706:
701:
699:
698:non-voluntary
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
616:
615:
614:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
500:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
390:
389:
382:
381:Vegetarianism
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Recollections
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Five precepts
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
290:
285:
284:
277:
274:
272:
271:Chinese canon
269:
267:
266:Tibetan canon
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
225:
224:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
122:
121:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
66:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4224:Bodhisattvas
4144:Christianity
4139:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
4004:Dharmachakra
3994:Prayer wheel
3984:Prayer beads
3752:Architecture
3631:969 Movement
3415:Saudi Arabia
3393:Central Asia
3386:South Africa
3208:
3191:
3124:Panchen Lama
3029:BuddhapÄlita
2625:Satipatthana
2620:Mindful Yoga
2533:Recollection
2447:Brahmavihara
2318:Japanese Zen
2313:Chinese Chan
2273:Animal realm
2080:Key concepts
1902:Bodhisattvas
1714:Three Jewels
1568:
1564:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1449:
1445:
1418:
1414:
1367:
1361:
1330:. Retrieved
1302:
1296:
1240:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:
1158:
1126:(5): 265ā9.
1123:
1119:
1067:
1061:
1034:. Retrieved
1027:the original
994:
990:
982:
974:hospice care
971:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
921:
917:
913:
909:
895:
878:
874:
866:
839:
831:
812:
800:
784:psychometric
780:
771:
760:
755:
750:
746:
742:
734:
725:
702:
663:
331:Merit making
296:Three Jewels
236:Buddhavacana
166:Impermanence
154:Dharma wheel
4069:Dharma talk
3898:Asalha Puja
3694:Eschatology
3497:Switzerland
3477:New Zealand
3405:Middle East
3314:Philippines
3234:Afghanistan
3039:Bodhidharma
3024:Buddhaghosa
2944:Householder
2854:Monasticism
2807:Bodhisattva
2662:Prostration
2615:Mindfulness
2543:Anapanasati
2526:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
2323:Korean Seon
2263:Asura realm
2258:Human realm
2198:Ten Fetters
2153:Parinirvana
2055:Uppalavanna
2020:MahÄkaccana
2005:MahÄkassapa
1937:Kį¹£itigarbha
1932:ÄkÄÅagarbha
1829:SuddhodÄna
1774:Four sights
1701:Foundations
1370:(1): 51ā7.
905:Bodhisattva
826:Bhavachakra
735:The Vinaya
694:involuntary
566:New Zealand
421:Bodhisattva
406:Four Stages
361:Monasticism
341:Mindfulness
311:Perfections
241:Early Texts
4299:Categories
4186:Psychology
4166:Gnosticism
4154:Comparison
4149:Influences
4131:Comparison
4014:Bhavacakra
3972:Kushinagar
3947:Pilgrimage
3893:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
3848:Bodhi Tree
3664:Buddhology
3654:Abhidharma
3646:Philosophy
3579:Menander I
3447:Costa Rica
3398:Uzbekistan
3239:Bangladesh
3193:Dhammapada
3177:Pali Canon
3139:Ajahn Chah
3119:Dalai Lama
3019:KumÄrajÄ«va
3014:Vasubandhu
2989:The Buddha
2897:Zen master
2832:Sakadagami
2812:Buddhahood
2743:Pratimokį¹£a
2558:Shikantaza
2514:Meditation
2489:Deity yoga
2360:Madhyamaka
2253:Deva realm
2148:Mindstream
2098:Bodhicitta
2010:Aį¹
gulimÄla
1877:Devadatta
1853:YaÅodharÄ
1756:The Buddha
1746:Middle Way
1298:The Lancet
1000:References
897:Compassion
884:Compassion
686:euthanasia
439:Traditions
376:Pilgrimage
316:Meditation
276:Post-canon
256:PÄli Canon
186:Middle Way
83:The Buddha
4254:Festivals
4234:Buddhists
4196:Theosophy
3999:Symbolism
3989:Hama yumi
3962:Bodh Gaya
3729:Socialism
3704:Evolution
3679:Economics
3517:Venezuela
3432:Australia
3427:Argentina
3351:Sri Lanka
3346:Singapore
3264:Indonesia
3226:Countries
3167:Tripiį¹aka
3129:Ajahn Mun
3004:Nagarjuna
2999:AÅvaghoį¹£a
2882:AnagÄrika
2877:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
2872:ÅrÄmaį¹era
2867:Bhikkhunī
2827:SotÄpanna
2716:Passaddhi
2657:Offerings
2632:Nekkhamma
2509:Iddhipada
2429:Practices
2399:Theravada
2372:Vajrayana
2365:Yogachara
2335:Pure Land
2248:Six Paths
2235:Cosmology
2015:Anuruddha
1990:SÄriputta
1980:Kaundinya
1972:Disciples
1947:VajrapÄį¹i
1799:Footprint
1764:TathÄgata
1332:March 18,
1173:March 16,
1036:March 18,
737:Tripitaka
711:. In the
690:voluntary
682:Vajrayana
674:Theravada
586:Sri Lanka
576:Singapore
531:Indonesia
471:VajrayÄna
446:TheravÄda
401:Awakening
289:Practices
246:Tripiį¹aka
216:Cosmology
191:Emptiness
171:Suffering
4272:Category
4201:Violence
4171:Hinduism
4119:Sanskrit
4074:Hinayana
4059:AmitÄbha
4019:Swastika
3888:Uposatha
3878:Holidays
3863:Calendar
3709:Humanism
3547:Kanishka
3537:Timeline
3361:Thailand
3329:Kalmykia
3324:Buryatia
3309:Pakistan
3294:Mongolia
3289:Maldives
3284:Malaysia
3249:Cambodia
3114:Shamarpa
3109:Nichiren
3059:Xuanzang
2994:Nagasena
2912:Rinpoche
2642:PÄramitÄ
2484:Devotion
2404:Navayana
2392:Dzogchen
2355:Nichiren
2303:Mahayana
2295:Branches
2173:Saį¹
khÄra
1922:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
1879:(cousin)
1871:(cousin)
1839:(mother)
1831:(father)
1819:Miracles
1769:Birthday
1686:Glossary
1659:Buddhism
1601:10435118
1593:15112691
1556:44910392
1548:15112692
1507:15112693
1392:25580794
1384:11651853
1319:16154024
915:alive.
790:(heat),
763:parajika
678:Mahayana
670:Buddhism
596:Thailand
556:Mongolia
551:Malaysia
516:Cambodia
481:Navayana
461:Hinayana
456:MahÄyÄna
366:Lay life
196:Morality
176:Not-self
134:Concepts
93:Councils
78:Timeline
50:Glossary
32:Buddhism
24:a series
22:Part of
4249:Temples
4229:Buddhas
4191:Science
4181:Judaism
4176:Jainism
4094:Lineage
4054:AbhijƱÄ
4024:Thangka
3967:Sarnath
3952:Lumbini
3873:Funeral
3868:Cuisine
3744:Culture
3719:Reality
3669:Creator
3659:Atomism
3529:History
3502:Ukraine
3462:Germany
3381:Senegal
3371:Vietnam
3299:Myanmar
3099:Shinran
3089:Karmapa
3064:Shandao
3034:DignÄga
2959:ÅrÄvaka
2939:Donchee
2934:Kappiya
2892:Sayadaw
2862:Bhikkhu
2837:AnÄgÄmi
2794:Nirvana
2760:Samadhi
2647:Paritta
2588:Tonglen
2583:Mandala
2538:Smarana
2519:Mantras
2467:Upekkha
2437:Bhavana
2387:Shingon
2340:Tiantai
2193:TathÄtÄ
2183:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
2178:Skandha
2168:Saį¹sÄra
2163:Rebirth
2138:Kleshas
2128:Indriya
2030:Subhūti
1915:Guanyin
1869:Änanda
1861:RÄhula
1741:Nirvana
1681:Outline
1585:1051472
1540:1051473
1499:1051474
1466:1399357
1437:8759235
1327:5894818
1150:8558539
1141:1376772
1094:8910785
1085:1377066
854:Manussa
834:samsara
796:vinanna
709:nirvana
606:Vietnam
561:Myanmar
476:Tibetan
466:Chinese
394:NirvÄį¹a
211:Saį¹sÄra
206:Rebirth
71:History
60:Outline
4244:Sutras
4239:Suttas
4104:Siddhi
4089:Koliya
4064:BrahmÄ
3979:Poetry
3925:Mantra
3915:Kasaya
3787:Pagoda
3767:Kyaung
3762:VihÄra
3757:Temple
3699:Ethics
3542:Ashoka
3492:Sweden
3487:Poland
3482:Norway
3472:Mexico
3457:France
3442:Canada
3437:Brazil
3376:Africa
3356:Taiwan
3319:Russia
3244:Bhutan
3204:Vinaya
3084:Naropa
3074:Saraha
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571:Russia
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426:Buddha
346:Wisdom
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4079:Iddhi
3942:Music
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3903:Vassa
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