1046:, the attendant of the Buddha, due to their different dispositions and views. Despite his ascetic, strict and stern reputation, he paid an interest in community matters and teaching, and was known for his compassion for the poor, which sometimes caused him to be depicted as an anti-establishment figure. He had a prominent role in the cremation of the Buddha, acting as a sort of eldest son of the Buddha, as well as being the leader in the subsequent First Council. He is depicted as hesitatingly allowing Ānanda to participate in the council, and chastising him afterwards for a number of offenses the latter was regarded to have committed.
4590:
1598:) to allow her to be ordained. Ānanda also accompanies the Buddha in the last year of his life, and therefore is witness to many tenets and principles that the Buddha conveys and establishes before his death, including the well-known principle that the Buddhist community should take his teaching and discipline as their refuge, and that the Buddha will not appoint a new leader. The final period of the Buddha's life also shows that Ānanda is still very much attached to the Buddha's person, and he witnesses the Buddha's passing with great sorrow.
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31:
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Chan
Buddhism, this account was less emphasized, but Mahākāśyapa was seen to have received a special mind-to-mind transmission from Gautama Buddha outside of orthodox scripture, which became essential to the identity of Chan. Again, the robe was an important symbol in this transmission. Apart from having a role in texts and lineage, Mahākāśyapa has often been depicted in Buddhist art as a symbol of reassurance and hope for the future of Buddhism.
5836:
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1063:, to help establish a stable monastic tradition. He effectively became the leader for the first twenty years after the Buddha, as he had become the most influential figure in the monastic community. For this reason, he was regarded by many early Buddhist schools as a sort of first patriarch, and was seen to have started a
872:. Traditional accounts relate that Maudgalyāyana and Śāriputra become spiritual wanderers in their youth. After having searched for spiritual truth for a while, they come into contact with the Buddhist teaching through verses that have become widely known in the Buddhist world. Eventually they meet the Buddha himself and
811:, doing tasks like looking after monks, giving them objects of meditation, and clarifying points of doctrine. He was the first disciple the Buddha allowed to ordain other monks. Śāriputra died shortly before the Buddha in his hometown and was cremated. According to Buddhist texts, his relics were then enshrined at
1049:
Mahākāśyapa's life as described in the early
Buddhist texts has been considerably studied by scholars, who have been skeptical about his role in the cremation, his role toward Ānanda and the historical validity of the council itself. A number of scholars have hypothesized that the accounts have later
802:
Buddhist texts relate that Śāriputra and
Maudgalyāyana were childhood friends who became spiritual wanderers in their youth. After having searched for spiritual truth for a while, they came into contact with the teachings of the Buddha and ordained as monks under him, after which the Buddha declared
1086:
and practices, and affected some
Buddhist countries up until early modern times. It has been interpreted by scholars as a narrative to physically connect Gautama Buddha with the next Buddha Maitreya, through the body of Mahākāśyapa and Gautama Buddha's robe, which covered Mahākāśyapa's remains. In
887:
as the two disciples that accompany the Buddha, and they have complementing roles as teachers. As a teacher, Maudgalyayana is known for his psychic powers, and he is often depicted using these in his teaching methods. In many early
Buddhist canons, Maudgalyāyana is instrumental in re-uniting the
896:
causes a schism. Furthermore, Maudgalyāyana is connected with accounts about the making of the first Buddha image. Maudgalyāyana dies at the age of eighty-four, killed through the efforts of a rival sect. This violent death is described in
Buddhist scriptures as a result of Maudgalyāyana's
1000:
tradition. In
Buddhist texts, he assumed many identities, that of a renunciant saint, a lawgiver, an anti-establishment figure, but also a "guarantor of future justice" in the time of Maitreya—he has been described as "both the anchorite and the friend of mankind, even of the outcast".
1568:) becomes his teacher. Twenty years in the Buddha's ministry, Ānanda becomes the attendant of the Buddha, when the Buddha selects him for this job. Ānanda performs his duties with great devotion and care, and acts as an intermediary between the Buddha and the laypeople, as well as the
1014:. Both of them aspired to lead a celibate life, however, and they decided not to consummate their marriage. Having grown weary of the agricultural profession and the damage it did, they both left the lay life behind to become mendicants. Pippali later met the Buddha, under whom he was
1605:
just before the council starts, which is a requirement. He has a historical role during the council as the living memory of the Buddha, reciting many of the Buddha's discourses and checking them for accuracy. During the same council, however, he is chastised by
1161:, the Buddha's chief patron. In the Theravada tradition he is Anāthapiṇḍika's younger brother. In the northern Buddhist tradition he is Anāthapiṇḍika's nephew. Subhūti became a monk after hearing the Buddha teach at the dedication ceremony of
1614:) and the rest of the Saṅgha for allowing women to be ordained and failing to understand or respect the Buddha at several crucial moments. Ānanda continues to teach until the end of his life, passing on his spiritual heritage to his pupils
1689:, a similar list is mentioned, but these are eleven not ten disciples, and five in the list are different. Although in the early Sanskrit and Chinese texts, there are only four enlightened disciples, in later tradition there are
1332:
Scholars have analyzed Upāli's role and that of other disciples in the early texts, and it has been suggested that his role in the texts was emphasized during a period of compiling that stressed monastic discipline, during which
1497:
throughout
Buddhist history. His accounts have led to a perspective in Buddhism of seeing children as hindrances to the spiritual life on the one hand, and as people with potential for enlightenment on the other hand.
1485:, eventually leading to Rāhula's enlightenment. Although early accounts state that Rāhula dies before the Buddha does, later tradition has it that Rāhula is one of the disciples that outlives the Buddha, guarding the
1575:
Scholars are skeptical about the historicity of many events in Ānanda's life, especially the First
Council, and consensus about this has yet to be established. A traditional account can be drawn from early texts,
1324:
matters. A notable case he decided about was that of the monk Ajjuka, who was accused of partisanship in a conflict about real estate. During the First
Council, Upāli received the important role of reciting the
1371:
and Burmese Buddhism. In China, the 7th-century Vinaya school referred to Upāli as their patriarch and it was believed that one of their founders was a reincarnation of him. The technical conversations about
1234:). Aniruddha was a cousin of Shakyamuni Buddha. He and Ananda became monks at the same time. He was foremost in divine insight. He lost his sight because he swore not to sleep after getting criticized by
1468:
Between seven and fifteen years after Rāhula is born, the Buddha returns to Kapilavastu, where Yaśodharā has Rāhula ask the Buddha for the throne of the Śākya clan. The Buddha responds by having Rāhula
1058:
and ascetic values, as opposed to the values of Ānanda and other disciples. Regardless, it is clear that Mahākāśyapa had an important role in the early days of the Buddhist community after the Buddha's
5403:
1651:, Ānanda is widely considered the patriarch of the Dhamma, who stands in a spiritual lineage, receiving the teaching from Mahākassapa and passing them on to his own pupils. Ānanda has been honored by
1201:
Pūrṇa Maitrāyaniputra (Sk.) or Puṇṇa Mantānīputta (Pl.). He was also called Purna for short. He was the greatest teacher of the Law out of all the disciples. He was the top master of preaching.
868:), also known as Mahāmaudgalyāyana or by his birth name Kolita, was one of the Buddha's closest disciples. He is considered the second of the Buddha's two foremost male disciples, together with
4050:(1979), "III. La composition et les étapes de la formation progressive du Mahàparinirvânasûtra ancien" [3. The Composition and the Episodes of the Progressive Formation of the ancient
5511:
1067:
of patriarchs of Buddhism. This further amplified the idea of him being the primary heir and elder son of the Buddha, which came to be symbolized by the robe Mahākāśyapa had received.
1643:Ānanda is one of the most loved figures in Buddhism. Ānanda is known for his memory, erudition and compassion, and is often praised by the Buddha for these matters. He functions as a
1212:
or Mahākātyāyana (Sk.) or Mahākaccāna (Pl.). He understood Shakyamuni Buddha's lecture the best. Although he had only five master in the rural areas, he was permitted to learn
703:. They are mentioned in Chinese texts from the fourth century BCE until the twelfth century CE, and are the most honored of the groups of disciples, especially so in China and
1560:, Ānanda is the first cousin of the Buddha. Although the texts do not agree on most things about Ānanda's early life, they do agree that Ānanda is ordained as a monk and that
4668:
1446:
reasons are also given. As a result of the late birth, Yaśodharā needs to prove that Rāhula is really Prince Siddhārtha's son, which she eventually does successfully by an
785:). Śāriputra had a key leadership role in the ministry of the Buddha and is considered in many Buddhist schools to have been important in the development of the Buddhist
1183:
for the donor, thus earning him the title of foremost in being "worthy of gifts". Subhūti is a major figure in Mahayana Buddhism and is one of the central figures in
1690:
1461:
has argued that Prince Siddhārtha conceived Rāhula and waited for his birth, to be able to leave the palace with the king and queen's permission, but Orientalist
5175:
1292:, he did so as well. He was, in fact, ordained before the princes, putting humility before caste. Having been ordained, Upāli learnt both Buddhist doctrine (
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discourses, these ten disciples are mentioned, but in differing order. The ten disciples can be found as an iconographic group in notable places in the
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The Fundamental Teachings of Early Buddhism: A Comparative Study Based on the Sūtrāṅga Portion of the Pāli Saṃyutta-Nikāya and the Chinese Saṃyuktāgama
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Monastery. Archaeological findings from the 1800s suggest his relics may have been redistributed across the Indian subcontinent by subsequent kings.
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1572:(monastic community). He accompanies the Buddha for the rest of his life, acting not only as an assistant, but also a secretary and a mouthpiece.
7496:
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Wilson, L. (2003), "Beggars Can Be Choosers: Mahākassapa as a Selective Eater of Offerings", in Holt, J.; Kinnard, J.N.; Walters, J.S. (eds.),
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125:
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and Sanskrit) was the only son of Siddhārtha Gautama, and his wife, princess Yaśodharā. He is mentioned in numerous Buddhist texts, from the
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to distinguish him from other disciples. Mahākāśyapa became an important disciple of the Buddha, to the extent that the Buddha exchanged his
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onward. Accounts about Rāhula indicate a mutual impact between Prince Siddhārtha's life and those of his family members. According to the
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The Buddhist Saints of the Forest and the Cult of Amulets: A Study in Charisma, Hagiography, Sectarianism, and Millennial Buddhism
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Deeg, M. (1999), "Das Ende des Dharma und die Ankunft des Maitreya" [The End of the Dharma and the Coming of Maitreya],
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to the Buddha, however, in that he still has worldly attachments and is not yet enlightened, as opposed to the Buddha. In the
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Kim, S. (2011), "Awakened, Awaiting, or Meditating?: Readdressing a Silla Period Image from the Buddha Valley on Mount Nam",
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Anuruddha (Pl.) or Aniruddha (Sk.) was a top master of clairvoyance and the practice of the four foundations of mindfulness (
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4942:"Un grand disciple du Buddha: Sāriputra. Son rôle dans l'histoire du bouddhisme et dans le développement de l'Abhidharma"
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826:, he is often depicted alongside the Buddha, usually to his right. He was known for his strict adherence to the Buddhist
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4944:[A great disciple of the Buddha: Sāriputra, his role in Buddhist history and in the development of Abhidharma]
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Ohnuma, R. (December 2006), "Debt to the Mother: A Neglected Aspect of the Founding of the Buddhist Nuns' Order",
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4253:"Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda"
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on the day of Prince Siddhārtha, and is born six years later, when Prince Siddhārtha becomes enlightened as the
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1179:). It is said that due to his mastery of loving-kindness meditation, any gift offered to him bore the greatest
5487:"Dressed for Success: The Monk Kāśyapa and Strategies of Legitimation in Earlier Mahāyāna Buddhist Scriptures"
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5727:"Mahākāśyapa, His Lineage, and the Wish for Buddhahood: Reading Anew the Bodhgayā Inscriptions of Mahānāman"
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been embellished to emphasize the values of the Buddhist establishment Mahākāśyapa stood for, emphasizing
830:, as well as for his wisdom and teaching ability, giving him the title "General of the Dharma" (Sanskrit:
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since early medieval times for his merits in establishing the nun's order. In recent times, the composer
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Histoire des croyances et des idees religieuses. Vol. 2: De Gautama Bouddha au triomphe du christianisme
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1493:. Rāhula is known in Buddhist texts for his eagerness for learning, and was honored by novice monks and
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4464:(2011), "Tales of Miraculous Teachings: Miracles in Early Indian Buddhism", in Twelftree, G.H. (ed.),
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1074:, which was believed to cause his physical remains to stay intact in a cave under a mountain called
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Prebish, Charles S. (2005) , "Review of Scholarship on Buddhist Councils", in Williams, Paul (ed.),
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Constituting Communities, Theravāda Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia
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1284:. Upāli was born as a low-caste barber. He met the Buddha when still a child, and later, when the
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Ambros, B.R. (27 June 2016), "A Rite of Their Own: Japanese Buddhist Nuns and the Anan kōshiki",
1627:
588:
5526:, Hinüber, Oskar von,, Eltschinger, Vincent,, Bowring, Richard, 1947-, Radich, Michael, Leiden,
5373:"Multiple Layers of Transmission: Gasan Jōseki and the Goi Doctrine in the Medieval Sōtō school"
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Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, 1: Early History in South and Southeast Asia
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Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, 1: Early History in South and Southeast Asia
1601:
Shortly after the Buddha's death, the First Council is convened, and Ānanda manages to attain
1516:. Among the Buddha's many disciples, Ānanda stood out for having the best memory. Most of the
1380:
traditions, and have been suggested as an important subject of study for modern-day ethics in
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disciples (in Chinese texts). There is also a Chinese tradition with five hundred disciples.
1345:) and Upāli became the most important disciples. Later, Upāli and his pupils became known as
1238:. And later he got another pair of eyes that is believed to have the power to see the truth.
1070:
In many post-canonical texts, Mahākāśyapa decided at the end of his life to enter a state of
803:
the friends his two chief disciples. Śāriputra was said to have attained enlightenment as an
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Faure, B. (1995), "Quand l'habit fait le moine: The Symbolism of the Kāsāya in Sōtō zen",
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considered it more likely that Rāhula was born after Prince Siddhārtha left his palace.
1367:; passing into final Nirvana). This lineage became an important part of the identity of
1353:; 'custodians of the vinaya'), who preserved the monastic discipline after the Buddha's
1004:
In canonical Buddhist texts in several traditions, Mahākāśyapa was born as Pippali in a
945:
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two weeks after ordaining. As chief disciple Śāriputra assumed a leadership role in the
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The Council of Rājagṛha: Introduction to the History of the Buddhist Canons and Schools
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The Characterization of Ānanda in the Pāli Canon of the Theravāda: A Hagiographic Study
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818:Śāriputra is regarded as an important and wise disciple of the Buddha, particularly in
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Le concile de Rājagṛha: introduction à l'histoire des canons et des sects bouddhiques
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The Legend and Cult of Upagupta: Sanskrit Buddhism in North India and Southeast Asia
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Buddhist Precept and Practice: Traditional Buddhism in the Rural Highlands of Ceylon
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4126:"Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology"
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Maudgalyayana and Śāriputra have a deep spiritual friendship. They are depicted in
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5653:"A Family Quest: The Buddha, Yaśodharā, and Rāhula in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya"
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1127:. In Theravada Buddhism he is considered the disciple who was foremost in being "
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695:. Depending on the scripture, the disciples included in this group vary. In many
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6331:
4333:
A history of religious ideas: From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity
4047:
3598:
1147:
777:. He is considered the first of the Buddha's two chief disciples, together with
213:
8579:
8397:
8100:
7950:
7732:
7312:
7292:
7212:
6901:
6891:
6825:
6662:
6148:
6011:
5673:
5648:
5621:
5580:
5344:
5279:
1700:
1656:
1462:
1435:
1313:
1124:
917:
913:
912:
to his mother. This led to a tradition in many Buddhist countries known as the
869:
774:
736:
692:
508:
438:
393:
251:
30:
8453:
5747:
4937:
4684:
2999:
920:
to their ancestors. Maudgalyāyana has also traditionally been associated with
8744:
8672:
8167:
8016:
7325:
7227:
7085:
6886:
6864:
6800:
6471:
6266:
6261:
6153:
5822:
5541:
5482:
5399:
5364:
4900:
4846:
4704:
4661:
4605:
4461:
4324:
4159:
Dialogue in Early South Asian Religions: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Traditions
4149:
4141:
4007:
3765:
3752:
1817:
1293:
1158:
993:
951:
929:
861:
696:
333:
328:
268:
8569:
6625:
6615:
5987:
5573:
5507:
5152:
4961:
4069:
4040:
473:
278:
8525:
8257:
8242:
8212:
8162:
8152:
7994:
7789:
7282:
7117:
6995:
6783:
6778:
6605:
6476:
6351:
5812:
5308:
5301:
5234:
5085:
5037:
4999:
4762:
4368:
4014:
2053:
1664:
1591:
1522:
1447:
1442:
from previous lives of both Yaśodharā and of Rāhula himself, although more
1377:
1231:
884:
823:
373:
258:
176:
62:
7040:
7025:
6985:
6682:
6346:
5922:
4837:
4804:
4271:
3634:
1538:) are attributed to his recollection of the Buddha's teachings during the
838:). Śāriputra is considered the disciple of the Buddha who was foremost in
8544:
8227:
8056:
7197:
7182:
6965:
6773:
6701:
6481:
6311:
6213:
6060:
5932:
2349:
2347:
1976:
1607:
1355:
1334:
976:
700:
443:
8217:
6677:
4021:[The Construction and Cult of the Stūpa after the Vinayapiṭaka]
2722:
2118:
2094:
8604:
8520:
8488:
8484:
8172:
8130:
8006:
7812:
7737:
7351:
7335:
7297:
7277:
7172:
7147:
7055:
6990:
6970:
6716:
6647:
6518:
6401:
6371:
6306:
6256:
5914:
5904:
5877:
5657:
Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia
5606:
4394:
3774:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 913.
2467:
1927:
1925:
1577:
1569:
1407:
1015:
925:
873:
787:
448:
208:
105:
7192:
6188:
2344:
1590:, when he requests the Buddha on behalf of the latter's foster-mother
1542:. For that reason, he is known as the "Treasurer of the Dhamma", with
8600:
8147:
8120:
7287:
7162:
6874:
6790:
6667:
6557:
6530:
6523:
6486:
6443:
6406:
6173:
6138:
6105:
6080:
6035:
5445:
5313:
Buddhist Saints in India: A Study in Buddhist Values and Orientations
5262:
4540:
Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy
4309:
4107:
2233:
1875:
1615:
1586:
1225:
893:
819:
493:
468:
8584:
7920:
6756:
6610:
6376:
6158:
6027:
6019:
4435:
2599:
1922:
1507:
1393:
1316:
was Kappitaka. Upāli became known for his mastery and strictness of
1172:
1043:
8500:
8437:
8277:
8232:
8177:
8142:
8046:
7705:
7272:
7267:
7217:
7152:
7070:
7035:
7030:
6691:
6562:
6550:
6461:
6120:
5817:
5598:
5423:
5233:
Prebish, C.S. (2000), "From Monastic Ethics to Modern Society", in
4922:
4569:
2587:
2395:
1660:
1494:
1490:
1474:
1470:
1289:
1253:
1162:
1143:
1035:
967:
812:
796:
769:, Khmer: សិរីបុត្រ) (lit. "the son of Śāri"); born Upatiṣya (Pali:
713:, among others. In this text, they are called the "Ten Wise Ones" (
503:
483:
478:
358:
54:
7262:
7252:
7237:
7060:
6930:
6198:
1636:
1247:
1165:. After being ordained Subhūti went into the forest and became an
8596:
8182:
8125:
8110:
7257:
7247:
7222:
7097:
7092:
7050:
7020:
6952:
6918:
6805:
6746:
6741:
6595:
6498:
6336:
6286:
6073:
5899:
5161:"Bad Nun: Thullanandā in Pāli Canonical and Commentarial Sources"
5113:(2017), "The Death of the Buddha: A Restorative Interpretation",
3176:
3174:
3172:
2906:
2904:
2902:
1096:
1006:
985:
904:
Through post-canonical texts, Maudgalyāyana became known for his
822:
Buddhism where he is given a status close to a second Buddha. In
804:
795:, and in some sutras, is used as a counterpoint to represent the
183:
6869:
6637:
4019:"La construction et le culte des stūpa d'après les Vinayapiṭaka"
2674:
1680:
1527:
1399:
1350:
1269:
1257:
936:
were found attributed to him, which have been widely venerated.
8655:
8262:
8247:
8083:
7945:
7925:
7700:
7362:
7242:
7232:
7167:
6795:
6751:
6736:
6726:
6696:
6620:
6503:
6271:
6143:
5887:
5882:
4970:
The Power of Patriarchs: Qisong and Lineage in Chinese Buddhism
4821:"On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā"
4098:
Bechert, H. (2005) , "The Date of the Buddha Reconsidered", in
3658:
3538:
3433:
2853:
2851:
2084:
2082:
2080:
1544:
1482:
1368:
1285:
1265:
1213:
1114:
1051:
971:
889:
827:
808:
714:
643:
198:
193:
188:
151:
5442:
Buddhist Meditation: An Anthology of Texts from the Pāli Canon
4632:
A History of Indian Buddhism: From Śākyamuni to Early Mahāyāna
3916:
The Teachings of Master Wuzhu: Zen and Religion of No-Religion
3846:
3844:
3169:
2899:
2298:
2296:
1512:Ānanda was the primary attendant of the Buddha and one of his
8635:
8630:
8402:
8237:
8095:
8061:
8041:
8011:
7940:
7357:
7202:
7080:
7075:
7045:
7000:
6847:
6842:
6721:
6426:
6251:
6218:
6208:
4517:
An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices
3861:
3859:
3670:
3078:
2987:
2887:
2320:
1685:
1517:
1478:
1167:
1157:
Subhūti was born into a wealthy family and was a relative of
1042:
shortly after meeting the Buddha. He often had disputes with
959:
843:
433:
35:
5583:(1977), ""Gandhakuṭī": The Perfumed Chamber of the Buddha",
5465:
Wisdom Beyond Words: The Buddhist Vision of Ultimate Reality
5018:"The Riddle of the First Buddhist Council – A Retrospection"
4862:
History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Śaka Era
3562:
3469:
3467:
3329:
3193:
3191:
3189:
2953:
2951:
2848:
2527:
2106:
2077:
2029:
1584:. Ānanda has an important role in establishing the order of
1010:
family, and entered an arranged marriage with a woman named
992:
and continued to have an important role as patriarch in the
8272:
7065:
6731:
6228:
4600:, Association for the Study of Indian Philosophy: 222–237,
4375:
Findly, E.B. (September 1992), "Ānanda's Hindrance: Faith (
3841:
3713:
3586:
3491:
3090:
2799:
2797:
2652:
2650:
2293:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
1949:
1376:
between the Buddha and Upāli were recorded in the Pāli and
1102:
762:
3856:
3622:
3479:
3059:
2443:
2431:
2269:
2190:
7930:
6466:
4436:"An Eminent Buddhist Tradition: The Burmese Vinayadharas"
3574:
3464:
3395:
3186:
2948:
2698:
2575:
2455:
2371:
2308:
1030:
with him, which was a symbol of the transmittance of the
997:
4907:
Mather, R.B. (1968), "Vimalakīrti and Gentry Buddhism",
4858:
Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, des origines a l'ere Saka
3725:
3619:, The Death of the Buddha: A Restorative Interpretation.
3452:
3222:
3126:
3102:
2938:
2936:
2794:
2782:
2647:
2539:
2214:
2154:
1626:), among others, who later assume a leading role in the
5063:, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research,
4566:
Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia
4536:
3414:
3253:
3157:
3023:
2963:
2746:
2611:
2281:
2239:
2166:
2124:
2100:
2059:
1982:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
707:. The ten disciples are mentioned in the Mahāyāna text
5766:, State University of New York Press, pp. 57–70,
4673:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
3831:
3829:
3701:
3550:
3367:
3348:
3310:
3291:
3241:
3210:
3011:
2758:
2710:
2635:
2491:
2202:
2065:
2017:
756:
3814:
3689:
3646:
3272:
3047:
3035:
2975:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2662:
2623:
2503:
2479:
2332:
2178:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1966:
1964:
1146:
Buddhism, he is considered foremost in understanding
901:
of having killed his own parents in a previous life.
3963:
The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies
3778:
3510:
3138:
3114:
2551:
2407:
2359:
2257:
2130:
1903:
1640:(monuments) are erected at the river where he dies.
1264:, mainly responsible for the reciting and reviewing
5296:(in French), Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner,
3891:
3826:
2770:
2686:
2142:
2041:
1937:
4990:Mrozik, S. (2004), "Mahāmaudgalyāyana; Upāli", in
4434:
2916:
2836:
2563:
2515:
2419:
2383:
2245:
2005:
1988:
1961:
1410:, Rāhula is born on the day of Prince Siddhārta's
908:through a popular account of him transferring his
1438:. This long gestation period is explained by bad
8742:
4591:"The Advent of the First Nuns in Early Buddhism"
4000:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)
8483:
5565:Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient
5461:
5116:The Buddha in Sri Lanka: Histories and Stories
5057:Shōbōgenzō : The True Dharma-Eye Treasury
5053:
4950:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
4671:(23 June 2010), "Hpo Hlaing on Buddhist Law",
4231:Family Matters in Indian Buddhist Monasticisms
4057:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
4028:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
3681:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWitanachchi1965 (
3502:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWitanachchi1965 (
2893:
1931:
8469:
5796:
5562:Skilling, P. (2003), "Traces of the Dharma",
4156:Black, Dr Brian; Patton, Dean Laurie (2015),
3444:sfn error: no target: CITEREFNishijimaCross (
3340:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSaddhasena2003 (
3202:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSaddhasena2003 (
1699:; there still are in the Burmese tradition),
1082:in a next age. This story has led to several
668:
6578:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
4881:
4741:
4651:
4537:Hecker, Hellmuth; Nyanaponika Thera (2003),
4199:
4179:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and the Arts
4078:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism
3796:
3640:
3604:
3544:
3528:
3385:
3180:
3096:
3070:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPrzyluski1932 (
3005:
2993:
2857:
2605:
2593:
2473:
2401:
2302:
2275:
2227:
2088:
2035:
1663:about Ānanda, which was made into the opera
1123:) was one of the ten principal disciples of
5332:
5140:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
5109:
4720:
4585:
4155:
3756:
3676:
3664:
3616:
3497:
3425:sfn error: no target: CITEREFNakagawa2005 (
3264:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchumann2004 (
2910:
2449:
2437:
8476:
8462:
5803:
5789:
5553:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4998:, vol. 1–2, Macmillan Reference USA,
3811:, pp. 209–212, 214, 216–218, 245–246.
3439:
3335:
3197:
2743:, pp. 17–18, note 62, 20–22, note 78.
1135:) and "living remote and in peace" (Pali:
980:(death) of the Buddha, presiding over the
675:
661:
5278:
5015:
4836:
4412:Dāna: Giving and Getting in Pāli Buddhism
3949:
3580:
3359:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosby2013 (
3321:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosby2013 (
3302:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrosby2013 (
3065:
1556:) referring to the Buddha's teaching. In
723:), a term which is normally used for the
5724:
5561:
5524:Brill's encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol Two
5031:
4967:
4656:, Indo-Chinese Literature Publications,
4626:
4487:
4446:
3695:
3458:
3420:
3406:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeeks2016 (
3259:
3233:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeeks2016 (
3149:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeeks2016 (
3017:
2969:
2815:
2740:
2716:
2704:
2287:
1703:(in Chinese and Tibetan texts) and then
1190:
970:. Mahākāśyapa assumed leadership of the
29:
7765:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
5699:
5370:
5256:
5232:
4852:
4250:
4097:
3957:
3881:
3877:
3719:
3707:
3568:
3283:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPéri1918 (
3132:
2832:from the original on 11 September 2019.
2822:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2641:
2545:
2497:
2196:
2071:
1916:
14:
8743:
8725:
7968:List of Buddhist architecture in China
5761:
5757:from the original on 21 September 2017
5672:
5647:
5620:
5579:
5380:Annali di Ca' Foscari. Serie Orientale
5205:
5158:
5136:
5084:
4989:
4906:
4667:
4514:
4460:
4432:
4408:
4374:
4323:
4285:
4228:
4123:
4075:
4046:
4013:
3935:
3913:
3865:
3808:
3628:
3592:
3556:
3473:
3373:
3354:
3316:
3297:
3247:
3216:
3163:
3120:
3084:
3053:
3041:
3029:
2981:
2957:
2942:
2752:
2728:
2668:
2629:
2617:
2581:
2557:
2533:
2509:
2485:
2461:
2389:
2377:
2353:
2338:
2184:
1955:
8457:
5784:
5517:from the original on 17 February 2020
5413:
5409:from the original on 16 November 2019
4936:
4761:
4698:
4352:
4298:Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft
4289:Psalms Of The Early Buddhists Part-ii
4175:
3993:
3938:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
3731:
3652:
3516:
3485:
3401:
3228:
3144:
3108:
2803:
2656:
2413:
2365:
2326:
2314:
2263:
2160:
2136:
2112:
1943:
8776:Foremost disciples of Gautama Buddha
8715:
5521:
5481:
5439:
5353:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics
5185:
4818:
4559:
4295:
3799:, Damoduoluo chan jing; Madhyāntika.
3784:
3278:
2927:
2788:
2776:
2692:
2251:
2172:
2148:
2047:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1970:
1477:. He teaches the young novice about
984:. He was considered to be the first
5307:
5181:from the original on 1 October 2018
5054:Nishijima, G.W.; Cross, S. (2008),
4788:
4467:The Cambridge Companion to Miracles
3973:
3897:
3885:
3850:
3835:
3820:
2842:
2764:
2680:
2569:
2521:
2425:
2240:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003
2208:
2125:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003
2101:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003
2060:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003
1983:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003
932:school. In the nineteenth century,
773:); was one of the top disciples of
24:
7755:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
5468:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers,
5212:A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism
5080:from the original on 2 August 2017
1418:, meaning a fetter on the path to
1072:meditation and suspended animation
126:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
121:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
8787:
8695:Gautama Buddha in world religions
5392:10.14277/2385-3042/AnnOr-53-17-12
4441:Traditions in Current Perspective
3961:(2010), "Once Again on Bakkula",
2356:, p. 487, Mahāmaudgalyāyana.
876:under him. Maudgalyāyana attains
8724:
8714:
8436:
8426:
8425:
7983:Thai temple art and architecture
7728:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
5968:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
5834:
5821:
5811:
4866:Université catholique de Louvain
4209:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
3871:
3744:
3737:
1674:
1329:, for which he is mostly known.
1320:, and was consulted often about
958:) is regarded in Buddhism as an
849:
642:
61:
27:Main disciples of Gautama Buddha
5835:
4888:Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names
4745:Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
3951:10.18874/jjrs.43.1.2016.207-250
2863:
2809:
7973:Japanese Buddhist architecture
7775:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
6855:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
6046:Places where the Buddha stayed
5632:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
4748:, Asian Educational Services,
4636:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
4499:Kegan Paul, Trench and Company
4417:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
3888:, pp. 205–206 note 2a–d).
1634:. Ānanda dies in 463 BCE, and
1426:tradition, and numerous other
1119:
939:
719:
13:
1:
7988:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
5655:, in Schober, Juliane (ed.),
5002:, pp. 487–488, 870–871,
4654:A History of Chinese Buddhism
4598:Indogaku Chibettogaku Kenkyū
4124:Brekke, Torkel (2007-01-01),
3906:
2683:, pp. 114, 117–118, 396.
1622:) and Majjhantika (Sanskrit:
950:Mahā Kāśyapa or Mahākāśyapa (
842:. His female counterpart was
7745:Buddhism and the Roman world
7721:Decline of Buddhism in India
7716:History of Buddhism in India
5816: Topics in
5240:Contemporary Buddhist Ethics
4742:Malalasekera, G. P. (1938),
4382:Journal of Indian Philosophy
4162:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,
2824:. Metaphysics Research Lab,
1219:
1204:
730:
324:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
8751:Disciples of Gautama Buddha
6943:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
6683:
5462:Sangharakshita, S. (2006),
4819:Krey, Gisela (2010-09-04),
4729:; Weeraratne, W.G. (eds.),
4337:University of Chicago Press
4235:University of Hawai'i Press
3977:Richard Wagner and Buddhism
3758:Rhys Davids, Thomas William
1691:eight enlightened disciples
1649:Sanskrit textual traditions
757:
691:were the main disciples of
18:The ten principal disciples
10:
8792:
8766:5th-century Buddhist monks
8761:4th century BC in religion
8756:5th century BC in religion
7893:The unanswerable questions
5709:Cambridge University Press
5684:Princeton University Press
5522:Silk, Jonathan A. (2019),
5418:, in Jestice, P.G. (ed.),
5347:; Selbie, John Alexander;
5243:, Curzon, pp. 37–56,
5168:Journal of Buddhist Ethics
5022:Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal
4564:, in Jestice, P.G. (ed.),
4521:Cambridge University Press
4472:Cambridge University Press
4447:Freedman, M. (June 1977),
4213:Princeton University Press
3607:, Mahāparinibbānasuttanta.
1932:Nishijima & Cross 2008
1505:
1430:, however, Rāhula is only
1391:
1245:
1223:
1194:
1094:
1090:
943:
853:
734:
34:Buddha and his disciples.
8710:
8496:
8421:
8373:
8288:
8203:
7978:Buddhist temples in Korea
7901:
7803:
7686:
7383:
7311:
7138:
7011:
6951:
6586:
6541:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
6452:
6444:Three planes of existence
6392:
6237:
6129:
6059:
6051:Buddha in world religions
5913:
5858:
5830:
5748:10.1163/15728536-05701001
4868:, Institut orientaliste,
4792:Journal of Korean Studies
4737:, fascicle 3, pp. 435–441
4731:Encyclopaedia of Buddhism
4685:10.1017/S0041977X10000364
4652:Hsiang-Kuang, C. (1956),
4176:Brown, F.B., ed. (2013),
3920:Columbia University Press
3008:, Upāli; Upāli Sutta (3).
1623:
1619:
1611:
1595:
1582:post-canonical chronicles
1501:
1414:, and is therefore named
1387:
1342:
1110:
955:
865:
746:
8771:5th-century Indian monks
8641:Physical characteristics
7760:Persecution of Buddhists
6981:Four stages of awakening
6362:Three marks of existence
5948:Physical characteristics
5420:Holy People of the World
4996:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
4768:A Dictionary of Buddhism
4721:Karaluvinna, M. (2002),
4701:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
4260:Journal of Burma Studies
4142:10.1163/156852707X211564
3797:Buswell & Lopez 2013
3641:Buswell & Lopez 2013
3605:Buswell & Lopez 2013
3545:Buswell & Lopez 2013
3181:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2606:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2594:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2474:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2402:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2329:, pp. 407, 416–417.
2303:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2276:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2089:Buswell & Lopez 2013
2036:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1897:
1489:until the rising of the
1241:
1034:. He became foremost in
791:. He appears in several
761:; Tibetan: ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་,
8538:ten principal disciples
7123:Ten principal disciples
6006:(aunt, adoptive mother)
5574:10.3406/befeo.2003.3615
5508:10.2143/JA.291.1.504707
5317:Oxford University Press
4962:10.3406/befeo.1954.5607
4825:Buddhist Studies Review
4773:Oxford University Press
4735:Government of Sri Lanka
4184:Oxford University Press
4070:10.3406/befeo.1979.4010
4041:10.3406/befeo.1962.1534
3853:, pp. 205 note 2b.
3771:Encyclopædia Britannica
3087:, pp. 2–4, 12, 14.
2911:Black & Patton 2015
2404:, pp. 7, 245, 252.
1514:ten principal disciples
1481:, self-reflection, and
689:ten principal disciples
344:Philosophical reasoning
7833:Buddhism and democracy
7346:Tibetan Buddhist canon
7341:Chinese Buddhist canon
6573:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
6568:Early Buddhist schools
5414:Sarao, K.T.S. (2004),
5192:, Counterpoint Press,
5016:Mukherjee, B. (1994),
4546:, Simon and Schuster,
4379:) in Early Buddhism",
4369:10.3406/asie.1995.1101
4356:Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie
4082:Rosen Publishing Group
3996:2500 Years of Buddhism
3884:, the latter cited in
2536:, pp. 51, 57, 59.
2115:, p. 407,462-463.
1934:, p. 32 note 119.
1797:Pūrṇa Maitrāyaniputra
1565:
1553:
1540:First Buddhist Council
1535:
1520:of the early Buddhist
1473:as the first Buddhist
1364:
1305:
1297:
1282:First Buddhist Council
1277:
1078:, until the coming of
990:early Buddhist schools
982:First Buddhist Council
928:texts, as well as the
916:, during which people
725:disciples of Confucius
111:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
39:
7843:Eight Consciousnesses
5953:Life of Buddha in art
5725:Tournier, V. (2014),
5217:Oneworld Publications
5153:10.1093/jaarel/lfl026
5032:Mun-keat, C. (2000),
4968:Morrison, E. (2010),
4838:10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17
4805:10.1353/jks.2011.0002
4409:Findly, E.B. (2003),
4286:Davids, rhys (1913),
4272:10.1353/jbs.1999.0002
4076:Baroni, H.J. (2002),
3914:Adamek, W.L. (2011),
3488:, p. 49, Ānanda.
3440:Nishijima & Cross
2816:Hershock, P. (2019).
2731:, Bodhidharma's Robe.
1958:, p. 72 note 34.
1827:Bhadrika/Mahākāśyapa
1596:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī
1566:Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇīputra
1487:Buddha's Dispensation
1191:Purna Maitrayaniputra
918:dedicate their merits
379:Aids to Enlightenment
204:Dependent Origination
33:
8516:Noble Eightfold Path
8320:East Asian religions
7750:Buddhism in the West
7321:Early Buddhist texts
6936:Four Right Exertions
6402:Ten spiritual realms
5895:Noble Eightfold Path
5735:Indo-Iranian Journal
5679:Relics of the Buddha
5586:History of Religions
5371:Sanvido, M. (2017),
5359:, pp. 159–162,
5265:, pp. 224–243,
5121:Taylor & Francis
4910:History of Religions
4615:on 10 September 2018
4572:, pp. 467–468,
4251:Daulton, J. (1999),
4052:Mahāparinirvānasūtra
3643:, Ānanda; Īryāpatha.
3595:, pp. 862, 872.
3571:, pp. 226, 231.
2791:, pp. 200, 207.
2317:, pp. 433, 475.
1794:Rāhula/Pilindavatsa
1721:Mahāyāna discourses
1659:wrote a draft for a
1558:Early Buddhist Texts
1262:early Buddhist texts
1260:) was, according to
960:enlightened disciple
880:shortly after that.
799:school of Buddhism.
349:Devotional practices
172:Noble Eightfold Path
8575:Mahapajapati Gotami
8443:Religion portal
8190:Temple of the Tooth
8069:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
7108:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
6601:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
6384:Two truths doctrine
6204:Mahapajapati Gotamī
6004:Mahapajapati Gotamī
5659:, pp. 113–28,
5334:Rhys Davids, C.A.F.
5159:Ohnuma, R. (2013),
4864:] (in French),
4589:(5 November 2007),
4515:Harvey, P. (2013),
4455:McMaster University
4433:Frasch, T. (1996),
4335:] (in French),
4229:Clarke, S. (2014),
3980:, UniversityMedia,
3868:, pp. 121–122.
3722:, pp. 93, 210.
3631:, pp. 398–399.
3442:, p. 32 n.119.
3111:, pp. 126–127.
2960:, pp. 210–211.
2894:Sangharakshita 2006
2826:Stanford University
2806:, pp. 339–340.
2767:, pp. 114–115.
2659:, pp. 540–541.
2584:, pp. 62, 115.
2464:, pp. 110–112.
2062:, p. 31-32,57.
1717:Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa
1696:Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa
1592:Mahāpajāpati Gotamī
1422:. According to the
1266:monastic discipline
1052:monastic discipline
1022:, but later called
649:Buddhism portal
522:Buddhism by country
284:Sanskrit literature
8555:Great Renunciation
8550:Eight Great Events
8365:Western philosophy
7963:Dzong architecture
7785:Vipassana movement
7780:Buddhist modernism
7208:Emperor Wen of Sui
6976:Pratyekabuddhayāna
6909:Threefold Training
6711:Vipassana movement
6427:Hungry Ghost realm
6247:Avidyā (Ignorance)
6194:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
5943:Great Renunciation
5938:Eight Great Events
5820:
5568:, 90–91: 273–287,
5186:Pine, Red (2009),
4992:Buswell, Robert E.
4883:Malalasekera, G.P.
4727:Malalasekera, G.P.
4699:Irons, E. (2008),
4395:10.1007/BF00157758
3994:Bapat, P. (1956),
3880:, p. 23) and
3667:, p. 235–236.
3231:, pp. 139–40.
2913:, p. 126-127.
2476:, Bhadra-Kapilānī.
2380:, p. 262–263.
2211:, p. 131-133.
2199:, p. 105-106.
2175:, p. 414-415.
2163:, p. 473-474.
2026:, p. 416-417.
1985:, p. 376-377.
1562:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1197:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1163:Jetavana Monastery
1016:ordained as a monk
972:monastic community
890:monastic community
710:Vimalakīrti-nideśa
136:Buddhist modernism
40:
8738:
8737:
8511:Four Noble Truths
8451:
8450:
8089:Om mani padme hum
7795:Women in Buddhism
7711:Buddhist councils
7581:Western countries
7369:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
7130:Shaolin Monastery
6707:Samatha-vipassanā
6317:Pratītyasamutpāda
6121:Metteyya/Maitreya
6039:
6031:
6023:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5991:
5868:Four Noble Truths
5773:978-0-7914-8705-1
5718:978-0-521-27787-7
5693:978-0-691-11764-5
5666:978-0-8248-1699-5
5533:978-90-04-29937-5
5495:Journal asiatique
5475:978-81-208-2948-0
5455:978-0-415-35918-4
5440:Shaw, S. (2006),
5357:T. & T. Clark
5338:"Love (Buddhist)"
5226:978-1-78074-476-6
5199:978-1-58243-953-2
5189:The Diamond Sutra
5130:978-1-351-59225-3
5094:Otto Harrassowitz
5070:978-1-886439-38-2
4983:978-90-04-18301-8
4893:Pali Text Society
4782:978-0-19-157917-2
4755:978-81-206-1823-7
4714:978-0-8160-5459-6
4560:Heim, M. (2004),
4553:978-0-86171-381-3
4530:978-0-521-85942-4
4508:978-0-7103-0444-5
4481:978-0-521-89986-4
4244:978-0-8248-3647-4
4222:978-0-691-15786-3
4201:Buswell, R.E. Jr.
4193:978-0-19-972103-0
4169:978-1-4094-4012-3
4091:978-0-8239-2240-6
3987:978-3-906000-00-8
3929:978-0-231-52792-7
3823:, pp. 42–43.
3679:, pp. 534–5.
3529:Malalasekera 1937
3386:Malalasekera 1937
3338:, pp. 482–3.
3166:, pp. 122–4.
3135:, pp. 56–57.
3097:Hsiang-Kuang 1956
3068:, pp. 22–23.
3006:Malalasekera 1937
2994:Malalasekera 1937
2858:Malalasekera 1938
2755:, pp. 45–46.
2707:, pp. 84–85.
2620:, pp. 74–75.
2548:, pp. 17–19.
2228:Malalasekera 1937
1895:
1894:
1779:Piṇḍolabhāradvāja
1452:Wolfgang Schumann
1382:American Buddhism
1288:princes received
1036:ascetic practices
1032:Buddhist teaching
755:
685:
684:
167:Four Noble Truths
16:(Redirected from
8783:
8728:
8727:
8718:
8717:
8614:pilgrimage sites
8609:Mahabodhi Temple
8478:
8471:
8464:
8455:
8454:
8441:
8440:
8429:
8428:
8268:Sacred languages
8116:Maya Devi Temple
8079:Mahabodhi Temple
7883:Secular Buddhism
7848:Engaged Buddhism
6688:
6536:Tibetan Buddhism
6487:Vietnamese Thiền
6086:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
6037:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6005:
5997:
5989:
5838:
5837:
5825:
5815:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5776:
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5731:
5721:
5696:
5669:
5644:
5617:
5576:
5558:
5552:
5544:
5518:
5516:
5502:(1–2): 173–219,
5491:
5478:
5458:
5436:
5410:
5408:
5377:
5367:
5342:
5329:
5304:
5295:
5275:
5253:
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5165:
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5133:
5106:
5081:
5079:
5062:
5050:
5028:
5012:
4986:
4974:Brill Publishing
4964:
4947:
4933:
4903:
4878:
4849:
4840:
4815:
4785:
4758:
4738:
4717:
4695:
4664:
4648:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4608:, archived from
4595:
4582:
4556:
4545:
4533:
4519:(2nd ed.),
4511:
4484:
4457:
4443:
4438:
4429:
4405:
4371:
4349:
4320:
4310:10.1515/0031.145
4292:
4282:
4257:
4247:
4225:
4196:
4172:
4152:
4120:
4094:
4072:
4043:
4024:
4010:
3990:
3974:App, U. (2011),
3970:
3954:
3953:
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3901:
3895:
3889:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3854:
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3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3677:Witanachchi 1965
3674:
3668:
3665:von Hinüber 2007
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3617:Obeyesekere 2017
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3498:Witanachchi 1965
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3393:
3383:
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3352:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3327:
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3314:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3281:, pp. 34–5.
3276:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3251:
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3208:
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3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
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2967:
2961:
2955:
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2940:
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2897:
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2807:
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2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2450:Karaluvinna 2002
2447:
2441:
2438:Rhys Davids 1914
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
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2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2127:, p. 68-69.
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2103:, p. 56-57.
2098:
2092:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1724:Pāli discourses
1710:
1709:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1597:
1460:
1424:Mūlasarvāstivāda
1344:
1121:
1112:
968:ascetic practice
957:
867:
760:
750:
748:
721:
677:
670:
663:
647:
646:
374:Sublime abidings
65:
42:
41:
21:
8791:
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8706:
8492:
8482:
8452:
8447:
8435:
8417:
8369:
8284:
8199:
7936:Ordination hall
7897:
7799:
7770:Buddhist crisis
7682:
7379:
7331:Mahayana sutras
7307:
7303:Thích Nhất Hạnh
7134:
7007:
6947:
6897:Bodhisattva vow
6582:
6448:
6388:
6347:Taṇhā (Craving)
6282:Five hindrances
6233:
6125:
6055:
5909:
5854:
5826:
5809:
5779:
5774:
5754:
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5476:
5456:
5434:
5406:
5375:
5355:, vol. 8,
5345:Hastings, James
5340:
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5293:
5273:
5251:
5227:
5200:
5178:
5163:
5131:
5111:Obeyesekere, G.
5104:
5090:Pali Literature
5077:
5071:
5060:
5048:
5010:
4984:
4945:
4876:
4783:
4756:
4733:, vol. 6,
4715:
4646:
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4616:
4612:
4593:
4587:von Hinüber, O.
4580:
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4531:
4509:
4482:
4427:
4347:
4255:
4245:
4223:
4205:Lopez, D.S. Jr.
4194:
4170:
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4092:
4022:
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3339:
3336:Saddhasena 2003
3334:
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3198:Saddhasena 2003
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2926:
2917:
2909:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2860:, p. 1235.
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2818:"Chan Buddhism"
2814:
2810:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:, Council, 1st.
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:, p. 1903.
2087:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:, p. 1904.
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1841:Kaphiṇa/Ānanda
1677:
1669:Jonathan Harvey
1510:
1504:
1454:
1396:
1390:
1250:
1244:
1228:
1222:
1216:by the Buddha.
1207:
1199:
1193:
1173:loving-kindness
1129:worthy of gifts
1099:
1093:
1080:Maitreya Buddha
1012:Bhadda Kapilani
988:in a number of
948:
942:
874:ordain as monks
860:Maudgalyāyana (
858:
852:
793:Mahayana sutras
739:
733:
681:
641:
634:
633:
524:
514:
513:
464:
454:
453:
419:
409:
408:
314:
304:
303:
274:Mahayana Sutras
254:
244:
243:
184:Five Aggregates
162:
161:
141:
140:
131:Later Buddhists
96:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8789:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8732:
8722:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8703:
8702:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8681:
8680:
8670:
8669:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8506:Core teachings
8503:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8489:Gautama Buddha
8481:
8480:
8473:
8466:
8458:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8433:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8379:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8300:
8294:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8275:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8209:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
8003:
8002:
8000:Greco-Buddhist
7992:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7951:Burmese pagoda
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7907:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7733:Greco-Buddhism
7730:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7692:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7666:United Kingdom
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7611:Czech Republic
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7571:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7501:
7500:
7490:
7485:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7375:Abhidharmadīpa
7372:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7293:B. R. Ambedkar
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7213:Songtsen Gampo
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7126:
7125:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7017:
7015:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6892:Eight precepts
6889:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6771:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6680:
6670:
6665:
6663:Five Strengths
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6302:Mental factors
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6243:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6154:Mahamoggallāna
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6069:Avalokiteśvara
6065:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6033:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6001:
5993:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5808:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5785:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5759:
5722:
5717:
5697:
5692:
5670:
5665:
5645:
5640:
5618:
5599:10.1086/462775
5593:(4): 390–406,
5577:
5559:
5532:
5519:
5479:
5474:
5459:
5454:
5437:
5432:
5426:, p. 49,
5411:
5368:
5349:Gray, Louis H.
5330:
5325:
5305:
5276:
5271:
5254:
5249:
5230:
5225:
5203:
5198:
5183:
5156:
5147:(4): 861–901,
5134:
5129:
5107:
5102:
5082:
5069:
5051:
5046:
5029:
5013:
5008:
4987:
4982:
4965:
4956:(2): 405–554,
4934:
4923:10.1086/462575
4904:
4879:
4875:90-683-1-100-X
4874:
4850:
4816:
4799:(1): 119–150,
4786:
4781:
4759:
4754:
4739:
4718:
4713:
4696:
4679:(2): 269–283,
4665:
4649:
4644:
4624:
4583:
4578:
4557:
4552:
4534:
4529:
4512:
4507:
4489:Gombrich, R.F.
4485:
4480:
4458:
4453:(PhD thesis),
4444:
4430:
4425:
4406:
4389:(3): 253–273,
4372:
4363:(1): 335–369,
4350:
4345:
4321:
4304:(2): 145–170,
4293:
4283:
4266:(1): 101–128,
4248:
4243:
4226:
4221:
4197:
4192:
4173:
4168:
4153:
4136:(3): 270–303,
4121:
4116:
4095:
4090:
4073:
4044:
4035:(2): 229–274,
4011:
3991:
3986:
3971:
3955:
3944:(1): 207–250,
3933:
3928:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3900:, p. 179.
3890:
3882:Lamotte (1988)
3870:
3855:
3840:
3838:, p. 162.
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3787:, p. 115.
3777:
3766:Chisholm, Hugh
3736:
3724:
3712:
3700:
3688:
3669:
3657:
3655:, p. 164.
3645:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3583:, p. 457.
3581:Mukherjee 1994
3573:
3561:
3559:, p. 377.
3549:
3537:
3521:
3509:
3500:, p. 530.
3490:
3478:
3463:
3461:, p. 142.
3451:
3432:
3413:
3394:
3378:
3376:, p. 121.
3366:
3357:, p. 116.
3347:
3328:
3319:, p. 115.
3309:
3300:, p. 110.
3290:
3271:
3252:
3250:, p. 120.
3240:
3221:
3219:, p. 119.
3209:
3200:, p. 481.
3185:
3168:
3156:
3147:, p. 139.
3137:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3099:, p. 207.
3089:
3077:
3066:Przyluski 1932
3058:
3056:, p. 278.
3046:
3044:, p. 365.
3034:
3022:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2984:, p. 262.
2974:
2972:, p. 357.
2962:
2947:
2945:, p. 4-5.
2932:
2915:
2898:
2896:, p. 121.
2886:
2875:obo.genaud.net
2862:
2847:
2845:, p. 137.
2835:
2808:
2793:
2781:
2779:, p. 168.
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2695:, p. 468.
2685:
2673:
2671:, p. 253.
2661:
2646:
2644:, p. 226.
2634:
2632:, p. 254.
2622:
2610:
2598:
2596:, Mahākāśyapa.
2586:
2574:
2572:, p. 110.
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2524:, p. 106.
2514:
2512:, p. 107.
2502:
2500:, p. 343.
2490:
2488:, p. 112.
2478:
2466:
2454:
2452:, p. 435.
2442:
2440:, p. 160.
2430:
2428:, p. 117.
2418:
2416:, p. 416.
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2368:, p. 371.
2358:
2343:
2341:, p. 222.
2331:
2319:
2307:
2305:, p. 499.
2292:
2290:, p. 273.
2280:
2268:
2266:, p. 426.
2256:
2244:
2232:
2213:
2201:
2189:
2187:, p. 275.
2177:
2165:
2153:
2151:, p. 414.
2141:
2139:, p. 471.
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2076:
2074:, p. 104.
2064:
2052:
2050:, p. 411.
2040:
2028:
2016:
2014:, p. 416.
2004:
2002:, p. 413.
1987:
1975:
1973:, p. 410.
1960:
1948:
1946:, p. 298.
1936:
1921:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:Mahākātyāyana
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1786:Mahākātyāyana
1784:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:Maudgalyāyana
1750:
1749:Maudgalyāyana
1747:
1746:Maudgalyāyana
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1693:(found in the
1676:
1673:
1657:Richard Wagner
1632:Third Councils
1506:Main article:
1503:
1500:
1408:Pāli tradition
1392:Main article:
1389:
1386:
1246:Main article:
1243:
1240:
1224:Main article:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1203:
1195:Main article:
1192:
1189:
1185:Prajñāpāramitā
1171:meditating on
1137:araṇavihārīnaṃ
1133:dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ
1095:Main article:
1092:
1089:
974:following the
944:Main article:
941:
938:
924:and sometimes
914:ghost festival
854:Main article:
851:
848:
836:Dhammasenāpati
832:Dharmasenapati
828:monastic rules
735:Main article:
732:
729:
693:Gautama Buddha
683:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
654:
653:
652:
651:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
525:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
446:
441:
439:Pratyekabuddha
436:
431:
426:
420:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
401:
396:
394:Buddhist chant
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
315:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
255:
252:Buddhist texts
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
180:
179:
169:
163:
160:
159:
154:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
97:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
80:
75:
67:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8788:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8731:
8723:
8721:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8673:Buddha in art
8671:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8590:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8490:
8486:
8479:
8474:
8472:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8432:
8424:
8423:
8420:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8372:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8287:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8206:
8205:Miscellaneous
8202:
8196:
8195:Vegetarianism
8193:
8191:
8188:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8017:Buddha in art
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7685:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:United States
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7562:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7228:Padmasambhava
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7140:Major figures
7137:
7131:
7128:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7086:Western tulku
7084:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6944:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Five precepts
6885:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6865:Dhamma vicaya
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6633:Buddhābhiṣeka
6631:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6529:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:Enlightenment
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Dhamma theory
6265:
6263:
6262:Buddha-nature
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Samantabhadra
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6002:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5806:
5801:
5799:
5794:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5775:
5769:
5765:
5760:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5742:(1–2): 1–60,
5741:
5737:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5701:Tambiah, S.J.
5698:
5695:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:9788120811546
5637:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5438:
5435:
5433:1-85109-649-3
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5374:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:0-19-507202-2
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5280:Przyluski, J.
5277:
5274:
5272:0-415-33227-3
5268:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5250:0-7007-1278-X
5246:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5103:3-447-02285-X
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5059:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:3-447-04232-X
5043:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5011:
5009:0-02-865720-9
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4952:(in French),
4951:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4723:"Mahākassapa"
4719:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4705:Facts on File
4702:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4645:9788120809550
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:1-85109-649-3
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4555:
4549:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:9788120819566
4422:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:0-226-20403-0
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4300:(in German),
4299:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4119:
4117:0-415-33227-3
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:(1): 45–103,
4063:
4060:(in French),
4059:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4031:(in French),
4030:
4029:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3894:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3878:Tambiah (1984
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3753:public domain
3740:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3716:
3710:, p. 69.
3709:
3704:
3697:
3696:Hirakawa 1993
3692:
3684:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3519:, p. 12.
3518:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3494:
3487:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:Mun-keat 2000
3455:
3447:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:, p. 41.
3422:
3421:Nakagawa 2005
3417:
3409:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:, p. 46.
3261:
3260:Schumann 2004
3256:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3123:, p. 29.
3122:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3020:, p. 58.
3019:
3018:Freedman 1977
3014:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2970:Gombrich 1995
2966:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2930:, p. 58.
2929:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2741:Tournier 2014
2737:
2730:
2725:
2719:, p. 23.
2718:
2717:Morrison 2010
2713:
2706:
2705:Hirakawa 1993
2701:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2560:, p. 57.
2559:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:Skilling 2003
2284:
2278:, p. 77.
2277:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2254:, p. 19.
2253:
2248:
2242:, p. 65.
2241:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1919:, p. 22.
1918:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:Mahākoṭṭhita
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1675:Similar lists
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1603:enlightenment
1599:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:later sources
1425:
1421:
1420:enlightenment
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:Anāthapiṇḍika
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:enlightenment
1038:and attained
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
953:
947:
937:
935:
931:
930:Dharmaguptaka
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
895:
891:
886:
881:
879:
878:enlightenment
875:
871:
863:
857:
856:Maudgalyāyana
850:Maudgalyāyana
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:Maudgalyāyana
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
753:
744:
738:
728:
726:
722:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
678:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
639:
638:
637:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
518:
517:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
418:
413:
412:
405:
404:Vegetarianism
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Recollections
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Five precepts
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
294:Chinese canon
292:
290:
289:Tibetan canon
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
253:
248:
247:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
95:
90:
89:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
37:
32:
19:
8537:
8383:Bodhisattvas
8303:Christianity
8298:Baháʼí Faith
8163:Dharmachakra
8153:Prayer wheel
8143:Prayer beads
7911:Architecture
7790:969 Movement
7574:Saudi Arabia
7552:Central Asia
7545:South Africa
7367:
7350:
7283:Panchen Lama
7188:Buddhapālita
7122:
6784:Satipatthana
6779:Mindful Yoga
6692:Recollection
6606:Brahmavihara
6477:Japanese Zen
6472:Chinese Chan
6432:Animal realm
6239:Key concepts
6061:Bodhisattvas
5873:Three Jewels
5763:
5739:
5733:
5704:
5678:
5674:Strong, J.S.
5656:
5649:Strong, J.S.
5626:
5622:Strong, J.S.
5590:
5584:
5581:Strong, J.S.
5563:
5523:
5499:
5493:
5464:
5441:
5419:
5383:
5379:
5352:
5312:
5289:
5284:
5258:
5239:
5211:
5188:
5171:
5167:
5144:
5138:
5115:
5089:
5086:Norman, K.R.
5056:
5038:Harrassowitz
5033:
5025:
5021:
5000:Thomson Gale
4995:
4969:
4953:
4949:
4917:(1): 60–73,
4914:
4908:
4887:
4861:
4857:
4831:(1): 17–40,
4828:
4824:
4796:
4790:
4767:
4744:
4730:
4700:
4676:
4672:
4653:
4631:
4628:Hirakawa, A.
4619:23 September
4617:, retrieved
4610:the original
4597:
4565:
4539:
4516:
4493:
4466:
4449:
4440:
4411:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4360:
4354:
4332:
4328:
4301:
4297:
4288:
4263:
4259:
4230:
4208:
4178:
4158:
4133:
4129:
4103:
4100:Williams, P.
4077:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4032:
4026:
3995:
3976:
3966:
3962:
3941:
3937:
3915:
3893:
3873:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3769:
3739:
3727:
3720:Lamotte 1988
3715:
3708:Bechert 2005
3703:
3691:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3569:Prebish 2005
3564:
3552:
3540:
3524:
3512:
3493:
3481:
3454:
3435:
3416:
3397:
3381:
3369:
3350:
3331:
3312:
3293:
3274:
3255:
3243:
3224:
3212:
3159:
3140:
3133:Prebish 2000
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2889:
2878:. Retrieved
2874:
2865:
2838:
2821:
2811:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2642:Prebish 2005
2637:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2546:Analayo 2010
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2498:Sanvido 2017
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2204:
2197:Daulton 1999
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2072:Daulton 1999
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1978:
1951:
1939:
1917:Tambiah 1984
1769:Mahākāśyapa
1766:Mahākāśyapa
1760:Mahākāśyapa/
1716:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1665:Wagner Dream
1652:
1642:
1635:
1600:
1585:
1578:commentaries
1574:
1543:
1536:Sūtra-Piṭaka
1523:Sutta-Piṭaka
1521:
1511:
1467:
1450:. Historian
1448:act of truth
1444:naturalistic
1431:
1415:
1412:renunciation
1404:early period
1397:
1378:Sarvāstivāda
1373:
1354:
1347:vinayadharas
1346:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1251:
1235:
1232:satipatthana
1229:
1208:
1200:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1151:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1118:
1100:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1023:
1019:
1005:
1003:
975:
949:
906:filial piety
903:
885:Buddhist art
882:
859:
835:
831:
824:Buddhist art
817:
801:
786:
782:
770:
766:
740:
718:
708:
705:Central Asia
688:
686:
354:Merit making
319:Three Jewels
259:Buddhavacana
189:Impermanence
177:Dharma wheel
8685:Iconography
8678:life in art
8545:Four sights
8228:Dharma talk
8057:Asalha Puja
7853:Eschatology
7656:Switzerland
7636:New Zealand
7564:Middle East
7473:Philippines
7393:Afghanistan
7198:Bodhidharma
7183:Buddhaghosa
7103:Householder
7013:Monasticism
6966:Bodhisattva
6821:Prostration
6774:Mindfulness
6702:Anapanasati
6685:Kammaṭṭhāna
6482:Korean Seon
6422:Asura realm
6417:Human realm
6357:Ten Fetters
6312:Parinirvana
6214:Uppalavanna
6179:Mahākaccana
6164:Mahākassapa
6096:Kṣitigarbha
6091:Ākāśagarbha
5988:Suddhodāna
5933:Four sights
5860:Foundations
4854:Lamotte, E.
3959:Analayo, B.
3866:Strong 1997
3809:Ambros 2016
3629:Strong 1977
3593:Ohnuma 2006
3557:Findly 2003
3474:Powers 2013
3374:Strong 1997
3355:Crosby 2013
3317:Crosby 2013
3298:Crosby 2013
3248:Strong 1997
3217:Strong 1997
3164:Strong 1997
3121:Norman 1983
3085:Frasch 1996
3054:Huxley 2010
3042:Baroni 2002
3030:Mrozik 2004
2982:Bareau 1962
2958:Eliade 1982
2943:Davids 1913
2753:Strong 2007
2729:Adamek 2011
2669:Findly 1992
2630:Findly 1992
2618:Bareau 1979
2582:Strong 1994
2558:Wilson 2003
2534:Ohnuma 2013
2510:Clarke 2014
2486:Clarke 2014
2462:Clarke 2014
2390:Strong 1994
2378:Harvey 2013
2354:Mrozik 2004
2339:Gethin 2011
2185:Brekke 2007
1956:Mather 1968
1624:Madhyāntika
1618:(Sanskrit:
1612:Mahākāśyapa
1610:(Sanskrit:
1608:Mahākassapa
1594:(Sanskrit:
1564:(Sanskrit:
1491:next Buddha
1475:novice monk
1455: [
1365:parinirvāṇa
1356:parinibbāna
1343:Mahākāśyapa
1335:Mahākassapa
1236:Lord Buddha
1150:(Sanskrit:
1105:: Subhūti;
1076:Kukkuṭapāda
1061:parinirvāṇa
1024:Mahākāśyapa
977:paranirvāṇa
956:Mahākassapa
946:Mahākāśyapa
940:Mahākāśyapa
741:Śāriputra (
701:Mogao Caves
589:New Zealand
444:Bodhisattva
429:Four Stages
384:Monasticism
364:Mindfulness
334:Perfections
264:Early Texts
38:, Sri Lanka
8745:Categories
8605:Bodhi Tree
8570:Śuddhodana
8521:Middle Way
8485:The Buddha
8345:Psychology
8325:Gnosticism
8313:Comparison
8308:Influences
8290:Comparison
8173:Bhavacakra
8131:Kushinagar
8106:Pilgrimage
8052:Māgha Pūjā
8007:Bodhi Tree
7823:Buddhology
7813:Abhidharma
7805:Philosophy
7738:Menander I
7606:Costa Rica
7557:Uzbekistan
7398:Bangladesh
7352:Dhammapada
7336:Pali Canon
7298:Ajahn Chah
7278:Dalai Lama
7178:Kumārajīva
7173:Vasubandhu
7148:The Buddha
7056:Zen master
6991:Sakadagami
6971:Buddhahood
6902:Pratimokṣa
6717:Shikantaza
6673:Meditation
6648:Deity yoga
6519:Madhyamaka
6412:Deva realm
6307:Mindstream
6257:Bodhicitta
6169:Aṅgulimāla
6036:Devadatta
6012:Yaśodharā
5915:The Buddha
5905:Middle Way
5483:Silk, J.A.
5207:Powers, J.
4669:Huxley, A.
4462:Gethin, R.
4325:Eliade, M.
4048:Bareau, A.
4015:Bareau, A.
3907:References
3732:Sarao 2004
3653:Keown 2004
3517:Keown 2004
3486:Sarao 2004
3404:, passim..
3402:Meeks 2016
3229:Meeks 2016
3145:Meeks 2016
3109:Bapat 1956
2880:2020-05-04
2804:Faure 1995
2657:Migot 1954
2414:Migot 1954
2366:Brown 2013
2327:Migot 1954
2315:Migot 1954
2264:Migot 1954
2161:Migot 1954
2137:Migot 1954
2113:Migot 1954
1944:Keown 2004
1847:Aniruddha
1833:Mahācunda
1814:Aniruddha
1738:Śāriputra
1735:Śāriputra
1732:Śāriputra
1653:bhikkhunis
1620:Śāṇakavāsī
1587:bhikkhunis
1290:ordination
1125:the Buddha
926:Abhidharma
922:meditation
866:Moggallāna
788:Abhidharma
783:Moggallāna
775:the Buddha
462:Traditions
399:Pilgrimage
339:Meditation
299:Post-canon
279:Pāli Canon
209:Middle Way
106:The Buddha
8730:Wikiquote
8666:footprint
8601:Bodh Gaya
8580:Yaśodharā
8533:Disciples
8413:Festivals
8393:Buddhists
8355:Theosophy
8158:Symbolism
8148:Hama yumi
8121:Bodh Gaya
7888:Socialism
7863:Evolution
7838:Economics
7676:Venezuela
7591:Australia
7586:Argentina
7510:Sri Lanka
7505:Singapore
7423:Indonesia
7385:Countries
7326:Tripiṭaka
7288:Ajahn Mun
7163:Nagarjuna
7158:Aśvaghoṣa
7041:Anagārika
7036:Śrāmaṇerī
7031:Śrāmaṇera
7026:Bhikkhunī
6986:Sotāpanna
6875:Passaddhi
6816:Offerings
6791:Nekkhamma
6668:Iddhipada
6588:Practices
6558:Theravada
6531:Vajrayana
6524:Yogachara
6494:Pure Land
6407:Six Paths
6394:Cosmology
6174:Anuruddha
6149:Sāriputta
6139:Kaundinya
6131:Disciples
6106:Vajrapāṇi
5958:Footprint
5923:Tathāgata
5615:161597822
5542:909251257
5446:Routledge
5400:2385-3042
5365:614111002
5309:Ray, R.A.
5263:Routledge
5235:Keown, D.
4938:Migot, A.
4931:162382526
4901:837021145
4856:(1988) ,
4847:0265-2897
4813:144724198
4763:Keown, D.
4693:154570006
4662:553968893
4606:1342-7377
4562:"Kassapa"
4403:169332149
4318:171036201
4280:161183926
4150:1568-5276
4108:Routledge
4008:851201287
3886:Ray (1994
3785:Shaw 2006
3760:(1911). "
3734:, Ānanda.
3547:, Ānanda.
3476:, Ānanda.
3279:Péri 1918
3183:, Rāhula.
2928:Pine 2009
2871:"Subhuti"
2789:Silk 2003
2777:Deeg 1999
2693:Heim 2004
2252:Krey 2010
2173:Silk 2019
2149:Silk 2019
2048:Silk 2019
2024:Silk 2019
2012:Silk 2019
2000:Silk 2019
1971:Silk 2019
1876:Devadatta
1762:Gavāṃpati
1671:in 2007.
1463:Noël Péri
1432:conceived
1369:Ceylonese
1314:preceptor
1280:) on the
1226:Anuruddha
1220:Anuruddha
1210:Kātyāyana
1205:Katyayana
1148:emptiness
1131:" (Pali:
1101:Subhūti (
986:patriarch
894:Devadatta
870:Śāriputra
820:Theravada
767:Sāriputta
758:Śāriputra
752:romanized
747:शारिपुत्र
737:Śāriputra
731:Śāriputra
609:Sri Lanka
599:Singapore
554:Indonesia
494:Vajrayāna
469:Theravāda
424:Awakening
312:Practices
269:Tripiṭaka
239:Cosmology
214:Emptiness
194:Suffering
8700:Hinduism
8636:Prophecy
8626:Birthday
8621:Miracles
8501:Buddhism
8431:Category
8360:Violence
8330:Hinduism
8278:Sanskrit
8233:Hinayana
8218:Amitābha
8178:Swastika
8047:Uposatha
8037:Holidays
8022:Calendar
7868:Humanism
7706:Kanishka
7696:Timeline
7520:Thailand
7488:Kalmykia
7483:Buryatia
7468:Pakistan
7453:Mongolia
7448:Maldives
7443:Malaysia
7408:Cambodia
7273:Shamarpa
7268:Nichiren
7218:Xuanzang
7153:Nagasena
7071:Rinpoche
6801:Pāramitā
6643:Devotion
6563:Navayana
6551:Dzogchen
6514:Nichiren
6462:Mahayana
6454:Branches
6332:Saṅkhāra
6081:Mañjuśrī
6038:(cousin)
6030:(cousin)
5998:(mother)
5990:(father)
5978:Miracles
5928:Birthday
5845:Glossary
5818:Buddhism
5752:archived
5703:(1984),
5676:(2007),
5651:(1997),
5624:(1994),
5549:citation
5512:archived
5485:(2003),
5424:ABC-CLIO
5416:"Ānanda"
5404:archived
5351:(eds.),
5336:(1914),
5311:(1994),
5282:(1926),
5209:(2013),
5176:archived
5088:(1983),
5075:archived
4940:(1954),
4885:(1937),
4765:(2004),
4630:(1993),
4570:ABC-CLIO
4491:(1995),
4327:(1982),
4207:(2013),
4017:(1962),
3898:Ray 1994
3851:Ray 1994
3836:Ray 1994
3821:App 2011
3032:, Upāli.
2996:, Upāli.
2843:Kim 2011
2830:Archived
2765:Ray 1994
2681:Ray 1994
2570:Ray 1994
2522:Ray 1994
2426:Ray 1994
2209:Ray 1994
1811:/Rāhula
1783:Subhūti
1777:Subhūti/
1705:eighteen
1661:libretto
1616:Sāṇavāsī
1550:Sanskrit
1532:Sanskrit
1483:not-self
1398:Rāhula (
1361:Sanskrit
1339:Sanskrit
1302:Sanskrit
1274:Sanskrit
1254:Sanskrit
1187:sutras.
1144:Mahayana
1018:, named
964:foremost
962:, being
834:; Pali:
813:Jetavana
797:Hinayana
771:Upatissa
743:Sanskrit
720:shih-che
697:Mahāyāna
619:Thailand
579:Mongolia
574:Malaysia
539:Cambodia
504:Navayana
484:Hinayana
479:Mahāyāna
389:Lay life
219:Morality
199:Not-self
157:Concepts
116:Councils
101:Timeline
73:Glossary
55:Buddhism
47:a series
45:Part of
8720:Commons
8597:Lumbini
8526:Sayings
8408:Temples
8388:Buddhas
8350:Science
8340:Judaism
8335:Jainism
8253:Lineage
8213:Abhijñā
8183:Thangka
8126:Sarnath
8111:Lumbini
8032:Funeral
8027:Cuisine
7903:Culture
7878:Reality
7828:Creator
7818:Atomism
7688:History
7661:Ukraine
7621:Germany
7540:Senegal
7530:Vietnam
7458:Myanmar
7258:Shinran
7248:Karmapa
7223:Shandao
7193:Dignāga
7118:Śrāvaka
7098:Donchee
7093:Kappiya
7051:Sayadaw
7021:Bhikkhu
6996:Anāgāmi
6953:Nirvana
6919:Samadhi
6806:Paritta
6747:Tonglen
6742:Mandala
6697:Smarana
6678:Mantras
6626:Upekkha
6596:Bhavana
6546:Shingon
6499:Tiantai
6352:Tathātā
6342:Śūnyatā
6337:Skandha
6327:Saṃsāra
6322:Rebirth
6297:Kleshas
6287:Indriya
6189:Subhūti
6074:Guanyin
6028:Ānanda
6020:Rāhula
5900:Nirvana
5840:Outline
5607:1062638
5302:2753753
5237:(ed.),
4994:(ed.),
4102:(ed.),
4054:],
3768:(ed.).
3755::
1891:Ānanda
1872:Ānanda
1861:Revata
1858:Rāhula
1818:Kaphiṇa
1701:sixteen
1679:In the
1252:Upāli (
1175:(Pali:
1168:arahant
1152:Śūnyatā
1111:須菩提/须菩提
1107:Chinese
1097:Subhuti
1091:Subhuti
1065:lineage
1056:brahmin
1020:Kāśyapa
1007:brahmin
781:(Pali:
754::
629:Vietnam
584:Myanmar
499:Tibetan
489:Chinese
417:Nirvāṇa
234:Saṃsāra
229:Rebirth
94:History
83:Outline
8656:Cetiya
8651:Relics
8592:Places
8585:Rāhula
8560:Family
8403:Sutras
8398:Suttas
8263:Siddhi
8248:Koliya
8223:Brahmā
8138:Poetry
8084:Mantra
8074:Kasaya
7946:Pagoda
7926:Kyaung
7921:Vihāra
7916:Temple
7858:Ethics
7701:Ashoka
7651:Sweden
7646:Poland
7641:Norway
7631:Mexico
7616:France
7601:Canada
7596:Brazil
7535:Africa
7515:Taiwan
7478:Russia
7403:Bhutan
7363:Vinaya
7243:Naropa
7233:Saraha
7168:Asanga
6924:Prajñā
6833:Refuge
6796:Nianfo
6757:Tertön
6752:Tantra
6737:Ganana
6727:Tukdam
6653:Dhyāna
6621:Mudita
6616:Karuṇā
6509:Risshū
6504:Huayan
6437:Naraka
6377:Anattā
6372:Dukkha
6367:Anicca
6272:Dharma
6224:Channa
6159:Ānanda
6144:Assaji
6111:Skanda
6014:(wife)
5983:Family
5963:Relics
5888:Sangha
5883:Dharma
5878:Buddha
5770:
5715:
5690:
5663:
5638:
5613:
5605:
5540:
5530:
5472:
5452:
5430:
5398:
5363:
5323:
5300:
5292:]
5269:
5247:
5223:
5196:
5127:
5100:
5067:
5044:
5006:
4980:
4929:
4899:
4872:
4845:
4811:
4779:
4752:
4711:
4691:
4660:
4642:
4604:
4576:
4550:
4527:
4505:
4478:
4423:
4401:
4377:saddhā
4343:
4316:
4278:
4241:
4219:
4190:
4166:
4148:
4114:
4088:
4006:
3984:
3969:: 1–28
3926:
3764:". In
3762:Ānanda
3749:
3533:Ānanda
3390:Rāhula
1844:Upāli
1637:stūpas
1628:Second
1580:, and
1570:Saṅgha
1554:Dharma
1545:Dhamma
1508:Ānanda
1502:Ānanda
1471:ordain
1436:Buddha
1416:Rāhula
1394:Rāhula
1388:Rāhula
1374:vinaya
1327:vinaya
1322:vinaya
1318:vinaya
1312:. His
1310:vinaya
1308:) and
1306:Dharma
1298:Dhamma
1278:vinaya
1214:Vinaya
1142:). In
1120:Xūpútí
1117::
1115:pinyin
1109::
1044:Ānanda
934:relics
910:merits
892:after
840:wisdom
809:Sangha
717::
715:pinyin
614:Taiwan
594:Russia
534:Brazil
529:Bhutan
449:Buddha
369:Wisdom
152:Dharma
8690:Films
8661:tooth
8646:Death
8631:Modak
8375:Lists
8243:Kalpa
8238:Iddhi
8101:Music
8096:Mudra
8062:Vassa
8042:Vesak
8012:Budai
7958:Candi
7941:Stupa
7873:Logic
7626:Italy
7525:Tibet
7463:Nepal
7433:Korea
7428:Japan
7418:India
7413:China
7358:Sutra
7313:Texts
7263:Dōgen
7253:Hōnen
7238:Atiśa
7203:Zhiyi
7113:Achar
7081:Tulku
7076:Geshe
7061:Rōshi
7046:Ajahn
7001:Arhat
6961:Bodhi
6931:Vīrya
6848:Sacca
6843:Satya
6838:Sādhu
6826:Music
6769:Merit
6762:Terma
6722:Zazen
6658:Faith
6611:Mettā
6292:Karma
6252:Bardo
6219:Asita
6209:Khema
6199:Upāli
6184:Nanda
6022:(son)
5996:Māyā
5973:Films
5850:Index
5755:(PDF)
5730:(PDF)
5611:S2CID
5603:JSTOR
5515:(PDF)
5490:(PDF)
5407:(PDF)
5376:(PDF)
5343:, in
5341:(PDF)
5294:(PDF)
5288:[
5179:(PDF)
5164:(PDF)
5078:(PDF)
5061:(PDF)
4946:(PDF)
4927:S2CID
4860:[
4809:S2CID
4725:, in
4689:S2CID
4613:(PDF)
4594:(PDF)
4544:(PDF)
4399:S2CID
4331:[
4314:S2CID
4276:S2CID
4256:(PDF)
4130:Numen
4023:(PDF)
1898:Notes
1809:Nanda
1686:Udāna
1683:text
1518:texts
1479:truth
1459:]
1440:karma
1286:Sakya
1248:Upāli
1242:Upāli
1181:merit
1177:mettā
1084:cults
899:karma
844:Khema
805:arhat
624:Tibet
564:Korea
559:Japan
549:India
544:China
509:Newar
434:Arhat
224:Karma
78:Index
36:Kandy
8565:Maya
8273:Pāḷi
8258:Māra
8168:Flag
7569:Iran
7493:Tuva
7438:Laos
7066:Lama
6914:Śīla
6882:Śīla
6870:Pīti
6860:Sati
6811:Puja
6732:Koan
6638:Dāna
6229:Yasa
6116:Tārā
5768:ISBN
5713:ISBN
5688:ISBN
5661:ISBN
5636:ISBN
5555:link
5538:OCLC
5528:ISBN
5470:ISBN
5450:ISBN
5428:ISBN
5396:ISSN
5361:OCLC
5321:ISBN
5298:OCLC
5267:ISBN
5245:ISBN
5221:ISBN
5194:ISBN
5125:ISBN
5098:ISBN
5065:ISBN
5042:ISBN
5004:ISBN
4978:ISBN
4897:OCLC
4870:ISBN
4843:ISSN
4777:ISBN
4750:ISBN
4709:ISBN
4658:OCLC
4640:ISBN
4621:2018
4602:ISSN
4574:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4525:ISBN
4503:ISBN
4476:ISBN
4421:ISBN
4341:ISBN
4239:ISBN
4217:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4146:ISSN
4112:ISBN
4086:ISBN
4004:OCLC
3982:ISBN
3924:ISBN
3683:help
3504:help
3446:help
3427:help
3408:help
3361:help
3342:help
3323:help
3304:help
3285:help
3266:help
3235:help
3204:help
3151:help
3072:help
1888:N/A
1885:N/A
1882:11.
1869:N/A
1866:10.
1855:N/A
1713:No.
1681:Pāli
1645:foil
1630:and
1528:Pāli
1495:nuns
1400:Pāli
1351:Pāli
1294:Pali
1272:and
1270:Pāli
1258:Pāli
1256:and
1140:aggo
1103:Pali
1028:robe
996:and
994:Chan
952:Pali
862:Pali
763:Pali
687:The
569:Laos
474:Pāli
7995:Art
7931:Wat
6467:Zen
5744:doi
5595:doi
5570:doi
5504:doi
5500:291
5388:doi
5149:doi
4958:doi
4919:doi
4833:doi
4801:doi
4681:doi
4391:doi
4365:doi
4306:doi
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4138:doi
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