European Union - Knowledge

2811: 3043: 2598: 2716: 6001: 9841: 5096:. Its case-law provides that EU law has supremacy over any national law that is inconsistent with EU law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the CJEU, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the CJEU. However, it is ultimately for the national court to apply the resulting interpretation to the facts of any given case. Although, only courts of final appeal are bound to refer a question of EU law when one is addressed. The treaties give the CJEU the power for consistent application of EU law across the EU as a whole. The court also acts as an administrative and constitutional court between the other EU institutions and the Member States and can annul or invalidate unlawful acts of EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. 15059: 6020: 7888: 5691: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 6015: 485: 9108: 8075: 9663: 9026: 3587: 5852: 5487: 3474: 9760: 9681: 11756: 9008: 6024: 6023: 4765: 8818: 8752: 5269: 7739: 5364: 4914: 9233: 11830: 9699: 4744: 8535:(FTAs) and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others. The European Union's services trade surplus rose from $ 16 billion in 2000 to more than $ 250 billion in 2018. In 2020, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, China became the EU's largest trading partner, displacing the United States. The European Union is the largest exporter in the world and in 2008 was the largest importer of goods and services. Internal trade between the member states is aided by the removal of barriers to trade such as 5192: 2921: 21616: 21545: 12357: 3593: 7820: 8990: 8175: 5027: 9045: 29680: 8246: 9293: 475: 29635: 1616: 7982: 6245: 817: 6418: 869: 7471: 12371: 29652: 11249:

reported a religious belief were Estonia (16 per cent) and the Czech Republic (19 per cent). The most religious countries were Malta (95 per cent, predominantly Catholic) as well as Cyprus and Romania (both predominantly Orthodox) each with about 90 per cent of citizens professing a belief in God. Across the EU, belief was higher among women, older people, those with religious upbringing, those who left school at 15 or 16, and those "positioning themselves on the right of the political scale".

7496: 4874:, following and taking into account the result of the European elections, and is then elected by the European Parliament. The President retains, as the leader responsible for the entire cabinet, the final say in accepting or rejecting a candidate submitted for a given portfolio by a member state, and oversees the commission's permanent civil service. After the President, the most prominent commissioner is the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy, who is 3574: 29803: 7027: 1051: 5452:. Regulations become law in all member states the moment they come into force, without the requirement for any implementing measures, and automatically override conflicting domestic provisions. Directives require member states to achieve a certain result while leaving them discretion as to how to achieve the result. The details of how they are to be implemented are left to member states. When the time limit for implementing directives passes, they may, under certain conditions, have 3524: 23474: 390: 9723: 29578: 8682: 1563: 9510: 1419: 11663: 6940: 1025: 1601: 6897: 1012: 3976: 29601: 1646: 7244: 6289: 1676: 1631: 1116: 830: 8407: 8360: 7201: 7114: 1103: 1077: 7459: 7447: 21601: 6548: 908: 29566: 6766: 6723: 6332: 1223: 973: 960: 843: 7158: 6505: 6461: 6202: 1090: 895: 882: 804: 11816: 5126: 6854: 6375: 999: 856: 29786: 29769: 6679: 5265:(ESCB) consists of the ECB and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 27 member states of the European Union. The ESCB is not the monetary authority of the eurozone, because not all EU member states have joined the euro. The ESCB's objective is price stability throughout the European Union. Secondarily, the ESCB's goal is to improve monetary and financial cooperation between the Eurosystem and member states outside the eurozone. 947: 8130:. To prevent the joining states from getting into financial trouble or crisis after entering the monetary union, they were obliged in the Maastricht treaty to fulfil important financial obligations and procedures, especially to show budgetary discipline and a high degree of sustainable economic convergence, as well as to avoid excessive government deficits and limit the government debt to a sustainable level, as agreed in the 2392: 29752: 11274: 6984: 1038: 3693: 3288: 3266: 1691: 6635: 1661: 934: 29618: 7331: 1142: 7071: 1064: 6591: 921: 3482: 6810: 986: 5823: 7287: 1129: 3519: 1541: 1519: 1487: 1465: 29735: 6049:, thereby subjecting themselves to the privileges and obligations of EU membership. This entails a partial delegation of sovereignty to the institutions in return for representation within those institutions, a practice often referred to as "pooling of sovereignty". In some policies, there are several member states that ally with strategic partners within the union. Examples of such alliances include the 11499: 6025: 5428:. These first established the European Community and the EU, and then made amendments to those founding treaties. These are power-giving treaties which set broad policy goals and establish institutions with the necessary legal powers to implement those goals. These legal powers include the ability to enact legislation which can directly affect all member states and their inhabitants. The EU has 6004: 8482: 5941:. The European Union Military Staff is the highest military institution of the European Union, established within the framework of the European Council, and follows on from the decisions of the Helsinki European Council (10–11 December 1999), which called for the establishment of permanent political-military institutions. The European Union Military Staff is under the authority of the 7955:, the green parties increased their power, possibly because of the rise of post materialist values. Proposals to reach a zero carbon economy in the European Union by 2050 were suggested in 2018 – 2019. Almost all member states supported that goal at an EU summit in June 2019. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, and Poland disagreed. In June 2021, the European Union passed a 5713:, or more closely integrated with the European Union. The EU offers financial assistance to countries within the European Neighbourhood, so long as they meet the strict conditions of government reform, economic reform and other issues surrounding positive transformation. This process is normally underpinned by an Action Plan, as agreed by both Brussels and the target country. 5567:. The perceived benefits of becoming a member of the EU act as an incentive for both political and economic reform in states wishing to fulfil the EU's accession criteria, and are considered an important factor contributing to the reform of European formerly Communist countries. This influence on the internal affairs of other countries is generally referred to as " 5717: 8696:, encourage investment and boost interconnections between electricity grids; diversify energy resources with better systems to respond to a crisis; establish a new treaty framework for energy co-operation with Russia while improving relations with energy-rich states in Central Asia and North Africa; use existing energy supplies more efficiently while increasing 6010: 6006: 6013: 8388:, The free movement of services and of establishment allows self-employed persons to move between member states to provide services on a temporary or permanent basis. While services account for 60 per cent to 70 per cent of GDP, legislation in the area is not as developed as in other areas. This lacuna has been addressed by the 2481:). The Council of Europe was one of the first institutions to bring the sovereign states of (then only Western) Europe together, raising great hopes and fevered debates in the following two years for further European integration. It has since been a broad forum to further cooperation and shared issues, achieving for example the 4704:. Competence in scrutinising and amending legislation is shared between the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament, while executive tasks are performed by the European Commission and in a limited capacity by the European Council (not to be confused with the aforementioned Council of the European Union). The 9624:(ECHR) is a condition for EU membership. Previously, the EU itself could not accede to the convention as it is neither a state nor had the competence to accede. The Lisbon Treaty and Protocol 14 to the ECHR have changed this: the former binds the EU to accede to the convention while the latter formally permits it. 15024:. "Our theoretical analysis suggests that the EC/EU is neither a federation nor a confederation in the classical sense. But it does claim that the European political and economic elites have shaped and moulded the EC/EU into a new form of international organization, namely, a species of "new" confederation." 11792:, as the EU is reluctant to intervene in domestic politics, gives authoritarian governments funds which they can use to strengthen their regimes, and because freedom of movement within the EU allows dissenting citizens to leave their backsliding countries. At the same time, the union might provide through 462: 7996:(GDP), a measure of economic activity, of EU member states was US$ 16.64 trillion in 2022, around 16.6 percent of the world GDP. There is a significant variation in GDP per capita between and within individual EU states. The difference between the richest and poorest regions (281 NUTS-2 regions of the 8712:

that the EU has been attempting to reduce. However, in May 2022, it was reported that the European Union is preparing another sanction against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. It is expected to target Russian oil, Russian and Belarusian banks, as well as individuals and companies. According to an

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in some decision-making among the member states, rather than relying exclusively on unanimity. It is less integrated than a federal state because it is not a state in its own right: sovereignty continues to flow 'from the bottom up', from the several peoples of the separate member states, rather than

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which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries. A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co-operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality

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are created by the Council of Europe. The EU has also promoted human rights issues in the wider world. The EU opposes the death penalty and has proposed its worldwide abolition. Abolition of the death penalty is a condition for EU membership. On 19 October 2020, the European Union revealed new plans

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Prohibitions against discrimination have a long standing in the treaties. In more recent years, these have been supplemented by powers to legislate against discrimination based on race, religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation. The treaties declare that the European Union itself is "founded

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Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (OJ L 180, 19 July 2000, pp. 22–26); Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment

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The EU has also sought to coordinate the social security and health systems of member states to facilitate individuals exercising free movement rights and to ensure they maintain their ability to access social security and health services in other member states. Since 2019 there has been a European

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can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country. This required the lowering of administrative formalities and recognition of professional qualifications of other states. The EU seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 6.7 per cent in September 2018. The euro

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and other programmes. It was introduced in 1962 and has since then undergone several changes to reduce the EEC budget cost (from 73% in 1985 to 37% in 2017) and consider rural development in its aims. It has, however, been criticised on the grounds of its cost and its environmental and humanitarian

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to the Union. These are areas in which member states have entirely renounced their own capacity to enact legislation. In other areas, the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. While both can legislate, the member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not.

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The European Union is frequently cited as having made a major contribution to peace in Europe, in particular by pacifying border disputes, and to the spread of democracy, especially by encouraging democratic reforms in aspiring Eastern European member states after the collapse of the USSR. Scholar

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opinion polls showed in 2005 that 52 per cent of EU citizens believed in a god, 27 per cent in "some sort of spirit or life force", and 18 per cent had no form of belief. Many countries have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years. The countries where the fewest people

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is the EU's Earth observation programme coordinated and managed by EUSPA in partnership with ESA. It aims at achieving a global, continuous, autonomous, high quality, wide range Earth observation capacity, providing accurate, timely and easily accessible information to, among other things, improve

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and operates its selection of candidates via generalist and specialist competitions. Each institution is then able to recruit staff from among the pool of candidates selected by EPSO. On average, EPSO receives around 60,000–70,000 applications a year with around 1,500–2,000 candidates recruited by

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of the eurozone is determined by the European Central Bank. The interpretation and the application of EU law and the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court of Auditors. There are also a number of ancillary bodies which

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The European Union has had a significant positive economic effect on most member states. According to a 2019 study of the member states who joined from 1973 to 2004, "without European integration, per capita incomes would have been, on average, approximately 10% lower in the first ten years after

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and competitive distortions in the Common Market could emerge due to the different environmental standards in each member state. In subsequent years, the environment became a formal policy area, with its own policy actors, principles and procedures. The legal basis for EU environmental policy was

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as a whole, including the furtherance of international co-operation, respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. The CFSP requires unanimity among the member states on the appropriate policy to follow on any particular issue. The unanimity and difficult issues treated under the CFSP

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is used for enacting legislation within that policy area. Different legislative procedures are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area. The distribution of competences in various policy areas between member states and the union is divided into the following

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that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common

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important documents (for example, international agreements and treaties). Tasks for the president of the European Council are ensuring the external representation of the EU, driving consensus and resolving divergences among member states, both during meetings of the European Council and over the

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and the development of military capabilities, and provides the Political and Security Committee with military advice and recommendations on military issues. In an EU consisting of 27 members, substantial security and defence co-operation is increasingly relying on collaboration among all member

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In 1957, when the European Economic Community was founded, it had no environmental policy. Over the past 50 years, an increasingly dense network of legislation has been created, extending to all areas of environmental protection, including air pollution, water quality, waste management, nature

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agreed that "the Union must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and the readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises without prejudice to actions by NATO". To that end, a number of efforts were made to

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of the union with juridical personality, established under the Treaty of Lisbon between 23 of the 27 states of the EU following the method of enhanced cooperation. It is based in Kirchberg, Luxembourg City alongside the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Auditors.

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of the European Union that holds the institutions, bodies and agencies of the EU to account, and promotes good administration. The Ombudsman helps people, businesses and organisations facing problems with the EU administration by investigating complaints, as well as by proactively looking into

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against which the EU's legal acts can be judged. It consolidates many rights which were previously recognised by the Court of Justice and derived from the "constitutional traditions common to the member states". The Court of Justice has long recognised fundamental rights and has, on occasion,

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despite opposition from the United States. This international dimension is reflected in the EU's Sixth Environmental Action Programme, which recognises that its objectives can only be achieved if key international agreements are actively supported and properly implemented both at EU level and

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initiative, each of which is planned to be able to deploy quickly about 1500 personnel. The EU Strategic Compass adopted in 2022 reaffirmed the bloc's partnership with NATO, committed to increased military mobility and formation of a 5,000-strong EU Rapid Deployment Capacity

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system through a series of actions carried out in four different levels (institutional, operational, technological and control and supervision) with the aim of satisfying the needs of the European airspace in terms of capacity, safety, efficiency and environmental impact. Civil

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In other policy areas, the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but cannot enact legislation with the aim of harmonising national laws. That a particular policy area falls into a certain category of competence is not necessarily indicative of what

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are passed in a variety of forms. Generally speaking, they can be classified into two groups: those which come into force without the necessity for national implementation measures (regulations) and those which specifically require national implementation measures (directives).

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The total population of the EU has been slightly decreasing for several years, contracting by 0.04 per cent in 2021. This is due to a low birth rate of about 1.5 children per woman, less than the world average of 2.3. In total, 4.1 million babies were born in the EU in 2021.

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the development of the capital provisions had been slow. Post-Maastricht there has been a rapidly developing corpus of ECJ judgements regarding this initially neglected freedom. The free movement of capital is unique insofar as it is granted equally to non-member states.

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area unemployment rate was 8.1 per cent. Among the member states, the lowest unemployment rates were recorded in the Czech Republic (2.3 per cent), Germany and Poland (both 3.4 per cent), and the highest in Spain (11.27 per cent in 2024) and Greece (19.0 in July 2018).

11484:, due to objections over the application of free market principles to sport, which led to an increasing gap between rich and poor clubs. The EU does fund a programme for Israeli, Jordanian, Irish, and British football coaches, as part of the Football 4 Peace project. 8915:, Austria between the EU and some third countries. The ECAA liberalises the air transport industry by allowing any company from any ECAA member state to fly between any ECAA member states airports, thereby allowing a "foreign" airline to provide domestic flights. The 6005: 12665: 6022: 16633: 6018: 2680:(OECD) and its membership was extended to states outside of Europe, the United States and Canada. During the 1960s, tensions began to show, with France seeking to limit supranational power. Nevertheless, in 1965 an agreement was reached, and on 1 July 1967 the 4935:

The council, as it is now simply called (also called the Council of the European Union and the "Council of Ministers", its former title), forms one half of the EU's legislature. It consists of a representative from each member state's government and meets in

9330:) provides support for candidate members to transform their country to conform to the EU's standard. Demographic transition to a society of ageing population, low fertility-rates and depopulation of non-metropolitan regions is tackled within this policies. 14751: 3102:

Preparing the Union for a new great enlargement is a political priority for the Union, with the goal of achieving over 35 member states by 2030. Institutional and budgetary reforms are being discussed in order to the Union to be ready for the new members.

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are not recognised official languages of the EU but have official status in Spain. Therefore, official translations of the treaties are made into them and citizens have the right to correspond with the institutions in these languages. There are about 150

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worldwide. The Lisbon Treaty further strengthened the leadership ambitions. EU law has played a significant role in improving habitat and species protection in Europe, as well as contributing to improvements in air and water quality and waste management.

2333:. The treaty assured mutual assistance in the event of future military aggression against either nation. Though it officially named Germany as a threat, in reality the actual concern was for the Soviet Union. A few days later came the announcement of the 9153:, has stated that even though the EU is "a world leader in the technology, it is being put on the defensive by the United States and Russia and that it only has about a 10-year technological advantage on China and India, which are racing to catch up." 8055:

in 2010, 161 had their headquarters in the EU. In 2016, unemployment in the EU stood at 8.9 per cent while inflation was at 2.2 per cent, and the account balance at −0.9 per cent of GDP. The average annual net earnings in the European Union was around

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Since the creation of the European Union in 1993, it has developed its competencies in the area of justice and home affairs; initially at an intergovernmental level and later by supranationalism. Accordingly, the union has legislated in areas such as

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from a single undifferentiated whole. This is reflected in the fact that the member states remain the 'masters of the Treaties', retaining control over the allocation of competences to the union through constitutional change (thus retaining so-called

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billion for the period 2014–2020) is made up of voluntary contributions by member states, but there is pressure to merge the EDF into the budget-financed instruments to encourage increased contributions to match the 0.7 per cent target and allow the

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and coins were issued, while the phaseout of national currencies in the eurozone (consisting by then of 12 member states) was initiated. The eurozone (constituted by the EU member states which have adopted the euro) has since grown to 20 countries.

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and defines the EU's policy agenda and strategies. Its leadership role involves solving disputes between member states and the institutions, and to resolving any political crises or disagreements over controversial issues and policies. It acts as a

9698: 11532:, the predecessors of the present European Union, in 1986. The Council of Europe gave the flag a symbolic description in the following terms, though the official symbolic description adopted by the EU omits the reference to the "Western world": 7851:, which warms the western region to levels unattainable at similar latitudes on other continents. Western Europe is oceanic, while eastern Europe is continental and dry. Four seasons occur in western Europe, while southern Europe experiences a 11297:, a university exchange programme which began in 1987. In its first 20 years, it supported international exchange opportunities for well over 1.5 million university and college students and became a symbol of European student life. 11292:

Basic education is an area where the EU's role is limited to supporting national governments. In higher education, the policy was developed in the 1980s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. The most visible of these has been the

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in national law against member states. Decisions offer an alternative to the two above modes of legislation. They are legal acts which only apply to specified individuals, companies or a particular member state. They are most often used in

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is a public Franco-German TV network that promotes programming in the areas of culture and the arts. 80 per cent of its programming are provided in equal proportion by the two member companies, while the remainder is being provided by the

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Sport is mainly the responsibility of the member states or other international organisations, rather than of the EU. There are some EU policies that have affected sport, such as the free movement of workers, which was at the core of the

8936:, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring. The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was only legally established in 2002, and began operating in 2003. 2715: 2652:(Euratom) for cooperation in developing nuclear power. Both treaties came into force in 1958. Although the EEC and Euratom were created separately from the ECSC, they shared the same courts and the Common Assembly. The EEC was headed by 5547:

who speaks on behalf of the EU in foreign policy and defence matters, and has the task of articulating the positions expressed by the member states on these fields of policy into a common alignment. The high representative heads up the

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by individuals and member states, although certain matters are reserved for the Court of Justice. Decisions of the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice, but only on a point of law. Prior to the coming into force of the

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seduces her in the guise of a white bull, Europa has also been referred to in relation to the present union. Statues of Europa and the bull decorate several of the EU's institutions and a portrait of her is seen on the 2013 series of

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In 2007, EU countries as a whole imported 82 per cent of their oil, 57 per cent of their natural gas and 97.48 per cent of their uranium demands. The three largest suppliers of natural gas to the European Union are Russia, Norway and

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understood that coal and steel were the two industries essential for waging war, and believed that by tying their national industries together, a future war between their nations became much less likely. In parallel with Schuman, the

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found that the 2004 enlargement had aggregate beneficial economic effects on all groups in both the old and new member states. The largest winners were the new member states, in particular unskilled labour in the new member states.

6030: 5461:, or on rulings on State Aid, but are also frequently used for procedural or administrative matters within the institutions. Regulations, directives, and decisions are of equal legal value and apply without any formal hierarchy. 8462:

does something similar for a much larger range of countries, partly as a so-called soft approach ('a carrot instead of a stick') to influence the politics in those countries. The European Union represents all its members at the

5396:); in that they retain control of the use of armed force; they retain control of taxation; and in that they retain a right of unilateral withdrawal under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. In addition, the principle of 5770:

EU development action is based on the European Consensus on Development, which was endorsed on 20 December 2005 by EU Member States, the council, the European Parliament and the commission. It is applied from the principles of

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Member states retain in principle all powers except those that they have agreed collectively to delegate to the Union as a whole, though the exact delimitation has on occasions become a subject of scholarly or legal disputes.

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has existed since 2007. A Directive on countering gender-based violence has been proposed. In September 2022, a European Care strategy was approved in order to provide "quality, affordable and accessible care services". The

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with large funds coming from the United States since 1948, the ECSC became a milestone organisation, enabling European economic development and integration and being the origin of the main institutions of the EU such as the

8467:(WTO), and acts on behalf of member states in any disputes. When the EU negotiates trade related agreement outside the WTO framework, the subsequent agreement must be approved by each individual EU member state government. 2360: 20492:

INTERIM REPORT on the proposal for a Council decision determining, pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union, the existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is

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Initially, EU environmental policy focused on Europe. More recently, the EU has demonstrated leadership in global environmental governance, e.g. the role of the EU in securing the ratification and coming into force of the

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and supremacy doctrines were not explicitly set out in the European Treaties but were developed by the Court of Justice itself over the 1960s, apparently under the influence of its then most influential judge, Frenchman

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To do otherwise would require the drafting of legislation which would have to cope with the frequently divergent legal systems and administrative systems of all of the now 28 member states. See Craig and de Búrca, p.

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Cultural co-operation between member states has been an interest of the European Union since its inclusion as a community competency in the Maastricht Treaty. Actions taken in the cultural area by the EU include the

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which provide common databases for police and immigration authorities. The impetus for the development of this co-operation was the advent of open borders in the Schengen Area and the associated cross-border crime.

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Riché, Preface xviii, Pierre Riché reflects: "e enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of his reign, by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly marked the history of Western

19572: 9145:. This was the first common political framework for space activities established by the EU. Each member state has pursued to some extent their own national space policy, though often co-ordinating through the ESA. 11746:

of the European Union has supported the European popular film and audiovisual industries since 1991. It provides support for the development, promotion and distribution of European works within Europe and beyond.

8770:. TEN-T comprises two network layers: the Core Network, which is to be completed by 2030; and the Comprehensive Network, which is to be completed by 2050. The network is currently made up of 9 core corridors: the 5580: 4991:, the European Commission proposes legislation, which requires the joint approval of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union to pass. This process applies to nearly all areas, including the 2362: 8555:

was officially signed on July 17, 2018, becoming the world's largest bilateral free trade deal when it went into effect on February 1, 2019, creating an open trade zone covering nearly one-third of global GDP.

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This figure includes the extra-European territories of member states that are part of the EU, and excludes the European territories of member states which are not part of the Union. For more information, see

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which seeks to tie those countries to the east and south of the European territory of the EU to the union. These countries, primarily developing countries, include some who seek to one day become either a

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In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became EU members. Later that year, Slovenia adopted the euro, followed by Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania in 2015.

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Description symbolique: Sur le fond bleu du ciel, les étoiles figurant les peuples d'Europe forment un cercle en signe d'union. Elles sont au nombre invariable de douze, symbole de la perfection et de la

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requires any application of economic rules to take into account the specific nature of sport and its structures based on voluntary activity. This followed lobbying by governing organisations such as the

8678:. The introduction of a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was approved at the meeting of the European Council in October 2005, and the first draft policy was published in January 2007. 5516:

which created an informal consultation process between member states with the aim of forming common foreign policies. In 1987 the European Political Cooperation was introduced on a formal basis by the

9589: ... in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail." By virtue of these powers, the EU has enacted legislation on 24816: 21429:

Globalization, the Human Condition, and Sustainable Development in the Twenty-first Century: Cross-national Perspectives and European Implications. With Almas Heshmati and a Foreword by Ulrich Brand

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worldwide. The new plan was expected to provide the European Union with greater flexibility to target and sanction those responsible for serious human rights violations and abuses around the world.

9195:. Currently, it supplements the GPS by reporting on the reliability and accuracy of their positioning data and sending out corrections. The system will supplement Galileo in a future version. The 4862:

for different areas of policy, one from each member state, though commissioners are bound to represent the interests of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The leader of the 27 is the

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published the 'RePowerEU' initiative, a €300 billion plan outlining the path towards the end of EU dependence on Russian fossil fuels by 2030 and the acceleration on the clean energy transition.

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which aims to liberalise the cross border provision of services. According to the treaty the provision of services is a residual freedom that only applies if no other freedom is being exercised.

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According to P.C. Schmitter, Comparative Politics: Its Past, Present and Future (2016), 1 Chinese Political Science Review, 397, at 410, "European Union is the most complex polity in the world".

27241: 9268:. It was introduced in 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, which formally enshrined fisheries conservation policy as one of the handful of "exclusive competences" reserved for the European Union. 6011: 26696: 12028: 5508:

Foreign policy co-operation between member states dates from the establishment of the community in 1957, when member states negotiated as a bloc in international trade negotiations under the

3818: 18859: 11308:. These programmes are designed to encourage a wider knowledge of other countries and to spread good practices in the education and training fields across the EU. Through its support of the 25006: 23227: 19014: 17683: 9831: 8295:

The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the ECB. The ECB is the central bank for the eurozone, and thus controls

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are spoken by 36 per cent and 30 per cent of the population. More than half (56 per cent) of EU citizens are able to engage in a conversation in a language other than their mother tongue.

5945:

and the Political and Security Committee. It directs all military activities in the EU context, including planning and conducting military missions and operations in the framework of the

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The life expectancy in the EU was 80.1 year at birth in 2021, among the highest in the world and around nine years higher than the world average. In general, life expectancy is lower in

7770:, Netherlands, at 7 m (23 ft) below sea level. The landscape, climate, and economy of the EU are influenced by its coastline, which is 65,993 kilometres (41,006 mi) long. 23232: 6028: 26833: 22942: 11372: 10883:

provides translation for documents and plenary sessions. Most EU institutions use only a handful of working languages: the European Commission conducts its internal business in three

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intended to ensure undistorted competition within the single market. In 2001 the commission for the first time prevented a merger between two companies based in the United States (

5731:. International recognition of sustainable development as a key element is growing steadily. Its role was recognised in three major UN summits on sustainable development: the 1992 5249:

enforces the policies and decisions of the Governing Council, and may direct the national central banks when doing so. The ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of

2859:

for candidate members to join the EU were agreed upon in June 1993. The expansion of the EU introduced a new level of complexity and discord. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden

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became an official objective of the European Economic Community in 1969. In 1992, having negotiated the structure and procedures of a currency union, the member states signed the

6009: 9775:

across the EU was 106 inhabitants per square kilometre, which is more than the world average. It is highest in areas in central and western Europe, sometimes referred to as the "

5552:(EEAS), a unique EU department that has been officially implemented and operational since 1 December 2010 on the occasion of the first anniversary of the entry into force of the 27322: 11771:

joining the EU". Greece was the exception reported by the study, which analysed up to 2008, "to avoid confounding effects from the global financial crisis". A 2021 study in the

11324: 11316: 11262: 2359: 8967:(ERTMS) with the goal of greatly enhancing safety, increase efficiency of train transports and enhance cross-border interoperability. This is done by replacing former national 27582: 27563: 23938: 19491: 9388:. The European Directive about Minimum Wage, which looks to lift minimum wages and strengthen collective bargaining was approved by the European Parliament in September 2022. 8619: 2079:

The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today. The principal river there – Evros (today's

2990:

was held in 2016, with 51.9 per cent of participants voting to leave. The UK formally notified the European Council of its decision to leave on 29 March 2017, initiating the

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recognises the "status under national law of churches and religious associations" as well as that of "philosophical and non-confessional organisations". The preamble to the

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wrote in 2009, "there is a consensus in the literature on Eastern Europe that the EU membership perspective had a huge anchoring effects for the new democracies." However,

5652:

In 2016, the average among EU countries was 0.4 per cent and five had met or exceeded the 0.7 per cent target: Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

5611:(30 per cent). The EU's external action financing is divided into 'geographic' instruments and 'thematic' instruments. The 'geographic' instruments provide aid through the 3032: 27352: 27194: 24456: 23561: 23237: 22046: 19579: 12060: 11848: 7774: 5604:

million, 51 per cent of the budget went to Africa and 20 per cent to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 20 per cent to the Middle East and Mediterranean.

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This figure is from February 2020, and takes account of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union. The population of the UK is roughly 0.9% of the world's population.

11707:

The majority of media in the European Union are national-orientated, although some EU-wide media focusing on European affairs have emerged since the early 1990s, such as

5416:. The question whether the secondary law enacted by the EU has a comparable status in relation to national legislation, has been a matter of debate among legal scholars. 27672: 27474: 24566: 19743: 17411: 14050:"Council Regulation (EU) 2020/2094 of 14 December 2020 establishing a European Union Recovery Instrument to support the recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis" 9175:. One of the aims of Galileo is to provide an independent high-precision positioning system so European political and military authorities do not have to rely on the US 9025: 4995:. The parliament is the final body to approve or reject the proposed membership of the commission, and can attempt motions of censure on the commission by appeal to the 2769: 2735: 4858:, with the sole power to propose laws for debate. The commission is 'guardian of the Treaties' and is responsible for their efficient operation and policing. It has 27 27587: 27575: 27364: 26104: 24137: 24054: 22915: 13657: 11258: 9343: 4646: 4242: 15808: 14146: 27607: 23843: 23632: 22642: 15541: 9627:

The EU is independent from the Council of Europe, although they share purpose and ideas, especially on the rule of law, human rights and democracy. Furthermore, the

7642: 6027: 4226: billion in 2022. The EU had a long-term budget of €1,082.5 billion for the period 2014–2020, representing 1.02% of the EU-28's GNI. In 1960, the budget of the 3106:

In May 2024, concerns rise, that the outcome of the elections in June, can undermine some of the crucial policies of the EU in the domain of environment, diplomacy,

2743: 17959: 17509: 12209: 3096: 27632: 27302: 25061: 24493: 23120: 22155: 5900: 4940:. Notwithstanding its different configurations, it is considered to be one single body. In addition to the legislative functions, members of the council also have 3663: 3449: 2987: 17193: 8185:

Free movement of capital is intended to permit movement of investments such as property purchases and buying of shares between countries. Until the drive towards

6008: 2998:

left the European Union on 31 January 2020, though most areas of EU law continued to apply to the UK for a transition period which lasted until 31 December 2020.

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Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars symbolise the peoples of Europe in a form of a circle, the sign of union. The number of stars is invariably

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is one of the top priorities of EU environmental policy. In 2007, member states agreed that, in the future, 20 per cent of the energy used across the EU must be

2225: 490: 26737: 18953: 6019: 27597: 26549: 8202: 8161: 7956: 7619:

members of the Schengen Area due to the practical impossibility of travelling to or from them without transiting through at least one Schengen member country.

4159:

at the EU level by special interest groups is regulated to try to balance the aspirations of private initiatives with public interest decision-making process.

2677: 24387: 18652:"Translation Adds Complexity to European Central Bank's Supervisory Role: ECB Wants Communication in English, But EU Rules Allow Use of Any Official Language" 18213: 27847: 27546: 25285: 24488: 23514: 22954: 22802: 21952: 18123:

Case 11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v. Einfuhr und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel; Article 6(2) of the Maastricht Treaty (as amended).

17877: 17530: 15153: 12383: 6007: 4051:, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit. 19804: 19201: 18025: 15781: 5866:

was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes. 23 EU members are members of NATO while the remaining member states follow policies of

29859: 29540: 29090: 27627: 27317: 26598: 26430: 25126: 22632: 17845: 16611: 14763: 14412: 14104: 13937: 9429: 9007: 6104:; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. Evaluation of a country's fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the 5966: 5740: 3993: 3499: 3042: 2757: 20095: 18427: 8667:

in 2019, about 10.2 per cent of the world total. Approximately three fifths of the energy available in the EU came from imports (mostly of fossil fuels).

8552: 6016: 27558: 24642: 24518: 24147: 22483: 22307: 22018: 21711: 21706: 21701: 18936: 18047: 11364: 10950: 9640: 9609: 9514: 9466: 3656: 2710: 2592: 19769: 15468: 12178: 7928:, and carbon dioxide emissions have to be lower in 2020 by at least 20 per cent compared to 1990 levels. In 2017, the EU emitted 9.1 per cent of global 29904: 28965: 27329: 27094: 25141: 24663: 23907: 20347: 19711: 18579: 13185: 12806: 11367:

affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities". The

11346: 9662: 9492: 7658: 5661: 3997: 3773: 2536: 18003: 15215: 14029: 29874: 27050: 26478: 24498: 24379: 23302: 22854: 22813: 22767: 19605: 15943: 9184: 9150: 8069: 5627: 3960: 2753: 2723: 1933: 27089: 16655: 15245: 12036: 8435:

on all goods entering the market. Once goods have been admitted into the market they cannot be subjected to customs duties, discriminatory taxes or

2597: 29884: 27469: 26757: 26196: 25401: 25176: 25001: 24858: 24754: 24749: 24556: 24449: 24368: 24340: 23507: 19281: 19114: 19022: 18850: 16727: 15516: 13643: 9764: 8971:

equipment and operational procedures with a single new Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems. This system is conducted by the

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of EU member states, engages in foreign exchange operations, and defines the intermediate monetary objectives and key interest rate of the EU. The

4790:, where the executive power is jointly exercised by several people. The executive branch consists of the European Council and European Commission. 2915: 19658: 18188: 14161: 12997: 11589:. The anthem was adopted by European Community leaders in 1985 and has since been played on official occasions. Besides naming the continent, the 11171:

mentions the "cultural, religious and humanist inheritance of Europe". Discussion over the draft texts of the European Constitution and later the

4825:) also takes part in its meetings. Described by some as the union's "supreme political leadership", it is actively involved in the negotiation of 27689: 27617: 27570: 26591: 22150: 21656: 20304:

Diez, Thomas; Stetter, Stephan; Albert, Mathias (July 2006). "The European Union and Border Conflicts: The Transformative Power of Integration".

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article by Reuters, two diplomats stated that the European Union may impose a ban on imports of Russian oil by the end of 2022. In May 2022, the

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in order to improve EU financial management. It has 27 members (1 from each EU member-state) supported by approximately 800 civil servants. The

4425:

The Union has exclusive competence to make directives and conclude international agreements when provided for in a Union legislative act as to …

2243:, plans to establish joint institutions for a post-war world and Europe increasingly became a part of the agenda. This led to a decision at the 29864: 29105: 27926: 26821: 26651: 24183: 24132: 19045: 12964: 9822:

from a non-EU country during 2020, and a total of 956,000 people emigrated from a member state to go to a non-EU country during the same year.

9802:. There were 31 non-EU citizenships that each accounted for at least 1 per cent of non-EU citizens living in the EU, of which the largest were 9421: 9385: 8389: 8331:(WTO). Two of the original core objectives of the European Economic Community were the development of a common market, subsequently becoming a 5230: 20449:

Risse, Thomas (2009). "Conclusions: Towards Transatlantic Democracy Promotion?". In Magen, Amichai; Risse, Thomas; McFaul, Michael A. (eds.).

18004:"Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility (Brussels II)" 17552: 13617:

Journal, This article was prepared by reporters Michael M. Phillips, Cecilie Rohwedder and Erik Portanger of The Wall Street (15 March 2000).

11640:

to champions of European unification. Since 2008, the organisers of this prize, in conjunction with the European Parliament, have awarded the

29130: 27869: 26791: 26068: 25801: 24991: 24596: 24028: 24012: 23902: 22212: 21716: 19151: 15714: 9339: 9122: 9091: 7654: 5813: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3002: 2805: 2776:

paved the way for the creation of open borders without passport controls between most member states and some non-member states. In 1986, the

20362: 18765: 18452: 16180: 13807: 12963:

Rawlinson, Kevin; Topping, Alexandra; Murphy, Simon; Henley, Jon; Murray, Jessica; Freedland, Jonathan; Rawlinson, Kevin (1 February 2020).

10906:; the language is spoken by 44 per cent of the population (2016 data) and studied by 95 per cent of school students, although following the 9856:

in 2020, which is slightly less than the world average. Cities are largely spread out across the EU with a large grouping in and around the

7900:, environmental law comprises over 500 Directives, Regulations and Decisions, making environmental policy a core area of European politics. 7859:. Southern Europe is hot and dry during the summer months. The heaviest precipitation occurs downwind of water bodies due to the prevailing 28475: 27515: 25652: 25247: 23295: 22596: 22065: 21904: 21899: 21894: 19254: 17816: 17042: 17015: 16771: 15149: 15101: 9550: 9044: 8547:, trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members. Externally, the EU's free-trade agreement with 7429: 5916: 5607:

Humanitarian aid is financed directly by the budget (70 per cent) as part of the financial instruments for external action and also by the

5246: 4718: 4315: 15740: 14654: 14272: 3967:

superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955

2038:, which were established by treaties. These increasingly amalgamated bodies grew, with their legal successor the EU, both in size through 27874: 27411: 27357: 25166: 24442: 23976: 23485: 23115: 22731: 22128: 19819: 17578: 16280: 13398: 12729: 8575: 7897: 7628: 6096:, defined at the 1993 meeting of the European Council in Copenhagen. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the 4980: 4886:

in agreement with the nominated president. The 27 commissioners as a single body are subject to approval (or otherwise) by a vote of the

2940:

entered into force and reformed many aspects of the EU. In particular, it changed the legal structure of the European Union, merging the

2054: 17097: 16582: 15166: 14939: 9260:

policy of the European Union. It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the

8989: 8455:

participate in the single market but not in the customs union. Half the trade in the EU is covered by legislation harmonised by the EU.

4275:

billion. The budget may still be approved if Hungary and Poland withdraw their vetoes after further negotiations in the council and the

4068:, resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas. Executive/legislative power in each area was instead determined by a 2870:

has increased to encompass 20 countries. The euro currency became the second-largest reserve currency in the world. In 2004, the EU saw

29879: 27602: 27541: 26874: 24213: 23968: 23889: 23878: 23859: 23818: 23670: 22925: 22637: 22611: 22510: 22008: 19861: 11858: 11375:

seeks to align national laws on the protection of people's health, on the consumers' rights, on the safety of food and other products.

7720:

formally invoked Article 50 of the Consolidated Treaty on European Union in 2017, and became the only sovereign state to leave when it

7697: 7682: 7670: 7650: 7646: 7638: 4871: 2991: 18882: 8213:

under the responsibility of the central bank. The aim of this financial control system is to ensure the economic stability of the EU.

6026: 3528: 29045: 27122: 26356: 25278: 25181: 25031: 23954: 23933: 23872: 23600: 23247: 22207: 22101: 19532: 19308: 17494:

European uranium mining supplied just below 3% of the total EU needs, coming from the Czech Republic and Romania (a total of 526 tU).

14917: 14868: 11878: 11793: 11305: 9980: 9835: 8767: 8593: 8206: 8165: 7686: 7666: 7662: 5004: 4879: 1953: 531: 23043: 23038: 21448:

Destabilizing forces and resilience in the current world crisis : comparisons of global opinion data and a Middle East analysis

19495: 17863: 16079: 14727: 11319:, the first of which started in 1984. The aims of EU policy in this area are to co-ordinate and stimulate research. The independent 9722: 7947:

is an annual award given to cities that focuses on the environment, energy efficiency, and quality of life in urban areas to create

5080:

under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in

2509:, installed by the Western Allies in 1949 to regulate the coal and steel industries of the Ruhr area in West Germany. Backed by the 1847:

in Europe. The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449

29869: 29533: 28319: 27489: 25871: 25703: 25660: 25466: 25121: 24797: 24759: 24546: 24538: 24122: 24007: 23943: 23782: 23777: 23761: 22964: 22886: 21721: 17145: 13573: 9680: 9319: 9071: 8948: 8194: 8147: 7746:

The EU's member states cover an area of 4,233,262 square kilometres (1,634,472 sq mi), and therefore a large part of the

7678: 7634: 6132: 4373: 1977: 20161: 19364: 19182: 16920:"Compositional Analysis of Foreign Currency Reserves in the 1999–2007 Period. The Euro vs. The Dollar As Leading Reserve Currency" 15405: 13711: 13525: 5088:– currently 27 – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president 27959: 27401: 27287: 26969: 26220: 24976: 24408: 24002: 23928: 23833: 23741: 23696: 23580: 23530: 23136: 22991: 22905: 14300: 14225:

international organisation comprising 28 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies ...

11423: 9488: 9327: 8964: 8787: 7531:

The Schengen Area is an area comprising 27 European countries that have officially abolished all passport and all other types of

5780: 5470: 4638: 1945: 16310: 13879: 7903:

European policy-makers originally increased the EU's capacity to act on environmental issues by defining it as a trade problem.

7824: 3876: 29844: 28407: 27682: 25186: 25081: 24886: 24732: 24622: 24248: 23997: 23912: 23771: 23711: 23626: 22515: 22428: 22272: 22237: 22106: 22038: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21863: 21696: 19815:

Description héraldique: Sur fond azur, un cercle composé de douze étoiles d'or à cinq rais, dont les pointes ne se touchent pas

18703: 17666: 15812: 13420: 11219: 10888: 9771:

The population of the EU in 2021 was about 447 million people, corresponding to 5.8 per cent of the world population. The

9668: 9480: 9436: 9163:(GNSS) that went live in 2016, created by the EU through the ESA, operated by the EUSPA, with two ground operations centres in 8944: 8829: 7588: 5325: 5277: 5203: 5053: 5016: 4952:

rotates between member states, with each holding it for six months. Beginning on 1 July 2024, the position is held by Hungary.

4793:

The European Council sets the broad political direction of the Union. It convenes at least four times a year and comprises the

4693: 4287: 4257: 4250: 2871: 2860: 2523: 611: 603: 19747: 16867: 15435: 14352: 12688: 28985: 27510: 25252: 25136: 24971: 24571: 24392: 24268: 24167: 24157: 23981: 23766: 23751: 23209: 23180: 23065: 22959: 22762: 22111: 22033: 22003: 21854: 21519: 21492: 21473: 21436: 21417: 21390: 21367: 21348: 21329: 21303: 21284: 21265: 21208: 21185: 21166: 21147: 21128: 21109: 21090: 21063: 21023: 21004: 20985: 20966: 20943: 20920: 20901: 20882: 20859: 20832: 20813: 20794: 20775: 20748: 20726: 20698: 20675: 20656: 20629: 20607: 20580: 20561: 20474: 20380: 20071: 19952: 18833: 17480: 16131: 15887: 15004: 14629: 14585: 14453: 14336: 13692: 13460: 13438: 13305: 13163: 12335: 9460: 9277: 8929: 8738: 7536: 5874:, a military alliance with a mutual defence clause, closed in 2011 as its role had been transferred to the EU. Following the 4540: 4261: 1957: 1921: 20023: 17981: 13503: 8674:

The EU has had legislative power in the area of energy policy for most of its existence; this has its roots in the original

7437:

Maps of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) subdivisions (prior to 2018, including non-EU member states)

6175: 6170: 5563:

Besides the emerging international policy of the European Union, the international influence of the EU is also felt through

4937: 4333: 4323: 29201: 27139: 25271: 24851: 24711: 24064: 24059: 23962: 23883: 23867: 23853: 23848: 23838: 23828: 23823: 23797: 23746: 23691: 23675: 23610: 23595: 23105: 23060: 22974: 22522: 22202: 22116: 22096: 22013: 21773: 20617: 16567: 12759: 11458: 8795: 8709: 8532: 8459: 7596: 7584: 5867: 5776: 5387:). It is more integrated than a traditional confederation of states because the general level of government widely employs 5348: 5000: 4925: 4863: 4802: 4776: 4650: 4588:

The Union coordinates Member States policies or implements supplemental to their common policies not covered elsewhere in …

4302:

and other crimes against the EU's financial interests including fraud concerning EU funds of over €10,000 and cross-border

4131:(which says that it should act only where an objective cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states acting alone). 2694: 2506: 2446: 2023: 1892: 1237: 1199: 18825:

Towards the Pragmatic Core of English for European Communication: The Speech Act of Apologising in Selected Euro-Englishes

16677: 16106: 15762: 15545: 9451:

mandate. In December 2021, the commission announced the intention of codifying a union-wide law against LGBT hate crimes.

29723: 29526: 26763: 25294: 24966: 23948: 23923: 23918: 23897: 23792: 23736: 23726: 23660: 23645: 23640: 23217: 23175: 22920: 22620: 22493: 22389: 21691: 21649: 17418: 12998:"Qrakh. Thraciae Veteris Typus. Ex conatibus Geographicis Abrah. Ortelij. Cum Imp. Et Belgico privilegio decennali. 1585" 11733: 11697: 11653: 11528:

12 golden stars on a blue background. Originally designed in 1955 for the Council of Europe, the flag was adopted by the

9628: 9621: 9188: 9013: 8613: 7674: 7540: 5896: 5751:(United Nations, 2015). The SDGs recognise that all countries must stimulate action in the following key areas – people, 5303: 4534: 4065: 4048: 3561: 3506: 3457: 3301: 2967:

for having "contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy, and human rights in Europe". In 2013,

2941: 2843:

to the EEC, even if it was referred to as such before the treaty. With further enlargement planned to include the former

2532: 2482: 2205: 2174: 2134: 2125: 19402: 16419:

Johnson, S.P. and Corcelle, G. (1989) The Environmental Policy of the European Communities, Graham & Trotman, London

15917: 10953:

ratified by most EU states provides general guidelines that states can follow to protect their linguistic heritage. The

9840: 9529:

The EU has also established agencies to co-ordinate police, prosecution and civil litigations across the member states:

9372:

The European Union has long sought to mitigate the effects of free markets by protecting workers' rights and preventing

4256:

In November 2020, two members of the union, Hungary and Poland, blocked approval to the EU's budget at a meeting in the

2411: 27406: 27277: 27127: 26456: 26322: 25735: 25201: 24981: 24465: 24373: 24324: 24301: 24228: 24127: 24049: 23802: 23787: 23756: 23731: 23706: 23701: 23605: 23590: 23585: 23489: 23318: 23085: 22825: 22820: 22557: 22074: 22028: 21998: 21939: 21831: 21738: 21683: 19470: 18810:

56% of citizens in the EU Member States are able to hold a conversation in one language apart from their mother tongue.

15667: 14965: 11685: 10044: 10026: 9748: 9101: 9081: 8972: 8746: 8697: 8418: 8371: 7705: 7425: 7421: 6165: 6136: 5995: 5946: 5799: 5710: 5665: 5612: 5521: 5379:, but has not formally defined itself as either. (It does not have a formal constitution: its status is defined by the 5104: 5085: 5077: 4945: 4806: 4673: 4605: 4601: 4352: 4319: 4148: 4077: 4073: 3592: 3586: 3553: 2103: 1941: 1840: 1405: 794: 17: 20139: 20040: 19631: 18091: 17954:[The European Commission proposes to extend the list of crimes of the European Union to include hate crimes]. 17197: 15834: 15322: 14404: 13218:[A British Patriot for Europe: Winston Churchill's Speech on Europe University of Zurich, 19 September 1946]. 8671:

contributed 18.1 per cent of the EU's total energy supply in 2019, and 11.1 per cent of the final energy consumption.

3972: 29150: 27199: 25937: 25171: 25036: 24921: 24808: 24637: 24383: 24319: 24162: 23721: 23716: 23665: 23650: 23222: 23110: 22837: 22788: 22537: 22451: 22423: 22185: 21881: 21778: 21455: 15021: 14551: 12860: 9365: 9322:

are supporting the development of the EU regions, primarily the underdeveloped ones, located mostly in the states of

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that prohibited national football leagues from imposing quotas on foreign players with EU member state citizenship.

5155: 28980: 28341: 27756: 27694: 27428: 27005: 25011: 24775: 24627: 24528: 24350: 23655: 23575: 22830: 22586: 22527: 22446: 22333: 22277: 22121: 21809: 20110: 13291: 11693: 11641: 9686: 9484: 9425: 9032: 8763: 8756: 8732: 8197:

is an institutional architecture of the EU's framework of financial supervision composed by three authorities: the

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process, guaranteeing media freedom is named a "key indicator of a country's readiness to become part of the EU".

9380:. To this end it has adopted laws establishing minimum employment and environmental standards. These included the 5690: 3963:

of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was

3157:(EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the 2153:

for the struggling post-war European economies, and in 1923 the oldest organisation for European integration, the

29839: 29080: 29015: 28060: 27525: 27384: 25731: 25349: 25211: 25131: 24931: 24844: 24601: 24550: 24243: 24238: 23170: 23075: 23055: 22793: 21993: 21981: 21889: 19227: 19205: 17892:"A first insight into the EU proposal for a Directive on countering violence against women and domestic violence" 15785: 14683: 14604: 12205: 11477: 10444: 9705: 8861: 8742: 8726: 8260:

In 1999, the currency union started to materialise through introducing a common accounting (virtual) currency in

7733: 7592: 7580: 7556: 6112: 5934: 5904: 5817: 5623: 5147: 4968: 4524: 4238: 3539: 3020:, the EU leaders agreed for the first time to create common debt to finance the European Recovery Program called 2974:

From the beginning of the 2010s, the cohesion of the European Union has been tested by several issues, including

2466: 2287: 2278:, reiterated his calls since 1930 for a "European Union" and "Council of Europe", coincidentally parallel to the 1844: 1378: 723: 656: 521: 29166: 21957: 18624: 18553: 18069: 17764: 16051: 16022: 14999:

Kiljunen, Kimmo (2004). The European Constitution in the Making. Centre for European Policy Studies. pp. 21–26.

13920: 12497: 12444: 12066: 10049: 10036: 10031: 10018: 7599:, are not members of the EU, but have signed agreements in association with the Schengen Agreement. Also, three 29700: 29582: 28271: 27418: 24996: 24727: 24582: 24309: 24233: 23185: 23100: 23033: 22979: 22969: 22947: 22847: 22661: 22552: 22547: 22488: 22405: 22247: 21642: 21586: 18954:"Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" 17219: 15479: 13749: 11982: 11438: 11379: 10966: 9728: 9227: 9156: 9130: 9111: 9075: 8884: 8833: 8581: 8565: 7887: 7572: 7568: 7560: 6046: 5958: 5728: 5673: 5513: 5425: 5404: 5354: 5151: 5100: 5076:. As a part of the CJEU, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all 5061: 5038: 4988: 4826: 4441: 4124: 4106: 4027: 2493:) and the decision by six nations (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany and Italy) to follow 2158: 2110: 1949: 1157: 743: 17952:"La Comisión Europea propone ampliar la lista de delitos de la Unión Europea para incluir los delitos de odio" 16410:

Institute for European Environmental Policy (2012) Manual of European Environmental Policy, Earthscan, London.

15692: 15366:

Peterson, John (August 2008). "Enlargement, reform and the European Commission. Weathering a perfect storm?".

15085:

Great Judgments of the European Court of Justice: Rethinking the Landmark Decisions of the Foundational Period

14091: 13215: 29894: 29387: 28424: 27803: 27374: 27347: 26674: 26244: 25206: 24542: 24314: 24253: 24218: 23262: 23195: 23165: 23028: 23001: 22842: 22569: 22503: 22456: 22356: 22145: 22138: 21674: 15016:

Burgess, Michael (2000). Federalism and European union: The building of Europe, 1950–2000. Routledge. p. 49.

12174: 11843: 8900: 8775: 8476: 7976: 7564: 5982: 5938: 5856: 5748: 5705: 5677: 4960: 4899: 4883: 4685: 4128: 2283: 2097: 1909: 1782: 1292: 1270: 556: 19721: 19550: 19424: 18583: 18287: 13985:"Russia-Ukraine war: humanitarian corridor opened from Sumy; Moscow threatens to cut gas supplies to Europe" 13193: 13086:"Der Briand-Plan und der Völkerbund als Verhandlungsarena für die europäische Einigung zwischen den Kriegen" 12810: 8307:, which comprehends all the Eurozone national central banks. The ECB is also the central institution of the 7685:

have submitted membership applications in the past, but subsequently frozen or withdrawn them. Additionally

5735:(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, 29035: 29020: 28915: 27391: 27297: 25076: 25071: 25046: 24926: 24198: 23023: 22910: 22869: 22581: 22361: 21846: 21219: 19716: 15223: 14788: 14067: 13216:"Ein britischer Patriot für Europa: Winston Churchills Europa-Rede, Universität Zürich, 19. September 1946" 12251: 12079: 11922: 9355: 9087: 8783: 8771: 8401: 8336: 8312: 8210: 8151: 5685: 4992: 4435: 4366: 4168: 2979: 2866:

In 2002, euro banknotes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the

2684:

created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the

2645: 2252: 2248: 2162: 1896: 1761: 1757: 1753: 22746: 19609: 15947: 14987: 12607:"Less than a State, More than an International Organization: The Sui Generis Nature of the European Union" 9107: 4560:

Union exercise of competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs in …

3114:

by creating inflation, lowering life level created a possibility of strong changes in the 2024 elections.

484: 28441: 27952: 27746: 27520: 27068: 27055: 26962: 26678: 26615: 26128: 24263: 23190: 23095: 22874: 22532: 21836: 21791: 21576: 19776: 18984: 11873: 11657: 11551: 11442: 8940: 8803: 8316: 8186: 7882: 5974: 5720: 5512:. Steps for more wide-ranging co-ordination in foreign relations began in 1970 with the establishment of 5441: 5226: 4976: 4882:

and is also chosen by the European Council. The other 25 commissioners are subsequently appointed by the

4459: 4227: 4152: 3433: 3390: 3111: 2641: 2606: 2419: 2130: 2031: 717: 410: 27741: 27179: 21034: 20403:

Poast, Paul; Chinchilla, Alexandra (2020). "Good for democracy? Evidence from the 2004 NATO expansion".

19516: 19285: 19125: 19056: 18313: 18298: 18272: 18257: 18242: 17374: 17354: 16444: 16254: 15973: 7424:

in detail. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics is instrumental in the European Union's

29889: 29549: 29179: 28312: 28035: 27650: 27479: 27206: 27084: 27062: 26904: 26880: 26655: 26208: 25409: 25096: 24701: 24082:†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members. 22900: 22736: 22498: 22302: 20958: 19662: 17329: 17072: 13547: 12397: 11586: 9799: 9754: 9554: 9413: 9213: 8198: 8157: 8074: 5586: 5445: 5291: 4701: 4506: 4283: 4234: 4140: 3523: 2572: 1984: 1913: 1745: 1711: 758: 598: 396: 21555: 20491: 18401: 17905: 4080:. This distribution, as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required and 29758: 29349: 28960: 28920: 28361: 27857: 27662: 27435: 27169: 27144: 25086: 24951: 24906: 24142: 23155: 22777: 22591: 22294: 22242: 22051: 21962: 19342: 18794: 18755: 18519: 18485: 17793: 17146:"The European Union and its trade partners | Fact Sheets on the European Union | European Parliament" 17123: 11853: 11513: 11354: 11350: 11320: 11195: 10954: 9504: 9401: 9351: 9201: 9176: 8892: 8799: 8791: 8119: 5669: 5608: 5449: 5388: 5295: 5242: 5065: 5057: 4996: 3573: 2204:, the question of what to fight against and what for, had to be agreed on. A first agreement was the 1969: 705: 17498:

Nuclear energy and renewable energy are treated differently from oil, gas, and coal in this respect.

17306: 16429: 12644:"European Union reaches 500 Million through Combination of Accessions, Migration and Natural Growth" 10899:

is the responsibility of member states, EU institutions promote multilingualism among its citizens.

8762:

The European Union manages cross-border road, railway, airport and water infrastructure through the

7896:

conservation, and the control of chemicals, industrial hazards, and biotechnology. According to the

7563:— are currently only partial members. Of the EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area, one— 5851: 3787: 3473: 2426:

boycott of the Allied Control Council and its incapacitation, an event marking the beginning of the

389: 29194: 29060: 28788: 28550: 28510: 28500: 28448: 27189: 27159: 27154: 27059: 25161: 25066: 24069: 22808: 22346: 22341: 22133: 21746: 21566: 21382: 17931: 16752: 16336: 14508: 14237: 14209: 11950:.eu, .ею and .ευ are representative of the whole of the EU; member states also have their own TLDs. 11868: 11598: 9287: 8995: 8960: 8464: 8328: 8178: 7929: 7876: 6115:(EFTA) are not EU members, but have partly committed to the EU's economy and regulations: Iceland, 5380: 5307: 5136: 4290:. The latter is a decentralized independent body of the European Union (EU), established under the 4031: 3577: 2552: 2442: 2236: 2170: 2019: 1965: 26080: 26060: 19159: 15567: 13798: 7615:- maintain open borders for passenger traffic with their neighbours, and are therefore considered 29849: 29834: 28838: 28746: 28045: 28040: 27852: 27292: 27261: 26639: 25975: 25041: 24986: 24632: 24612: 24591: 24508: 24355: 24188: 23271: 23050: 22937: 21409: 21200: 20935: 20767: 19906:"Der Karlspreisträger Seine Heiligkeit Papst Johannes Paul II. außerordentlicher Karlspreis 2004" 18776: 18459: 17932:"Union of Equality: The Commission presents its first-ever strategy on LGBTIQ equality in the EU" 16946:"There Are Only Two Real Threats To The US Dollar's Status As The International Reserve Currency" 16542: 13478: 11755: 11493: 11446: 11434: 11215: 9845: 9645: 9632: 9578: 9523: 9441: 9409: 9237: 9217: 9051: 8169: 7932:. The European Union claims that already in 2018, its GHG emissions were 23% lower than in 1990. 5978: 5930: 5895:

Since the withdrawal of the United Kingdom, France is the only member officially recognised as a

5809: 5532: 5140: 4529: 4510: 4465: 4454: 4359: 4069: 3979:

that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thus

3372: 3036: 2209: 1917: 1888: 1446: 711: 646: 26733: 19258: 18915:"Committee of Ministers – European Year of Languages Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1539" 17820: 17046: 17019: 16775: 13775: 12643: 12057:

According to the principle of Direct Effect first invoked in the Court of Justice's decision in

10879:. Important documents, such as legislation, are translated into every official language and the 4623:

The Union can carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement Member States' actions in …

4123:(which says that it should act only within the limits of the competences conferred on it by the 4081: 2531:

of 1951 tried but failed to tie the institutions of the developing European community under the

2275: 29010: 29000: 28589: 28520: 28505: 27986: 27945: 27834: 27793: 27783: 27369: 26955: 26567: 26556: 26537: 26522: 26511: 26500: 26485: 26474: 26463: 26452: 26437: 26426: 26415: 26396: 26385: 26374: 26363: 26348: 26333: 26318: 26307: 26296: 26285: 26270: 25955: 25944: 25933: 25922: 25914: 25905: 25893: 25886: 25882: 25605: 25377: 25373: 25313: 25026: 24916: 24489:

Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability

24223: 23160: 23006: 22895: 22864: 22798: 22741: 22172: 21751: 21561: 20458: 18354: 17236: 14434:

Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, Antonina; Leijon, Karin; Michalski, Anna; Oxelheim, Lars, eds. (2020).

13137: 12606: 11789: 9381: 9249: 8920: 8817: 8779: 8693: 8432: 8410: 8385: 8363: 8348: 8230: 8111: 7993: 7944: 7576: 6124: 6021: 5884: 5871: 4941: 4851: 4492: 4246: 4120: 3769: 3596: 2964: 2556: 2498: 2397: 2295: 2256: 2217: 2150: 2046: 1900: 1873: 1498: 1440: 1305: 699: 19827: 17475:. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2008. p. 22. 16919: 16288: 15124: 14575: 13376: 12737: 10957:

is held annually on 26 September and is aimed at encouraging language learning across Europe.

7420:, adopted in 2003, is developed and regulated by the European Union, and thus only covers the 5003:

carries out the role of speaker in Parliament and represents it externally. The president and

2834: 29577: 29120: 29095: 29025: 28708: 28436: 28209: 28167: 28137: 27864: 26914: 26753: 26723: 26400: 26032: 25644: 25385: 25196: 25151: 24867: 24812: 24681: 23276: 22881: 22701: 22267: 21823: 21249:

The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream

20874: 20341: 19712:"IOC, FIFA presidents welcomes new EU treaty, call it breakthrough to give sports more power" 16495: 15170: 14943: 13959: 12327: 11990: 11821: 10892: 9819: 9792: 9759: 9397: 9377: 9138: 9095: 8569: 8354: 8143: 7967:

by 30% by 2030. The pledge is considered as a big achievement for climate change mitigation.

7844: 6078: 5214: 4859: 4697: 4570: 3755: 2691: 2490: 2462: 1773: 1727: 1723: 1719: 580: 21121:

The European Union and Member State Territories: A New Legal Framework Under the EU Treaties

21075: 20686: 20450: 18823: 17172:"How Not to Win Allies and Influence Geopolitics China's Self-Defeating Economic Statecraft" 17101: 13878: 13797: 8276:

have fully implemented the currency union by superseding their national currencies with the

6045:

of the EEC to 27 members. Countries accede to the union by becoming a party to the founding

5929:

and western Asia. EU military operations are supported by a number of bodies, including the

5400:

requires that only those matters that need to be determined collectively are so determined.

3099:(MFF). The comprehensive NGEU and MFF packages are projected to reach €1824.3 billion. 29899: 29854: 29115: 28870: 28783: 28761: 28684: 28680: 28609: 28525: 28470: 28465: 28288: 28132: 28021: 27881: 27246: 27132: 26515: 25501: 25421: 25333: 25242: 25226: 23080: 22686: 22676: 22542: 22478: 22366: 21909: 21761: 18889: 15491: 14471:"The new judicial federalism: the evolving relationship between EU and Member State courts" 14435: 12548: 12419: 12130: 11629: 11582: 11529: 11340: 11327:

deal in a number of areas, for example energy where the aim is to develop a diverse mix of

11301: 11281: 10928:(in Cyprus) are the only two national languages that are not official languages of the EU. 9944: 9196: 9160: 8289: 8131: 7759: 7689:

is officially recognised as a potential candidate, and submitted a membership application.

7600: 7552: 7428:

delivery mechanisms and for locating the area where goods and services subject to European

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of May 1948 was a pivotal moment in European integration, as it led to the creation of the

2434: 2229: 2194: 2142: 2114: 2015: 1737: 1205: 1167: 731: 26809: 23499: 19312: 18605: 16363:"Europe is getting warmer, and it's not looking like it's going to cool down anytime soon" 14872: 13855: 9232: 8751: 8592:) which had already been approved by their national authority. Another high-profile case, 7738: 4983:

rather than their nationality. Each country has a set number of seats and is divided into

4890:. All commissioners are first nominated by the government of the respective member state. 2220:

and their common goals, inciting a new wave of global international institutions like the

8: 29741: 29187: 29140: 29005: 28875: 28665: 28594: 28351: 28324: 28307: 28295: 28117: 28073: 27677: 27667: 27494: 27379: 27110: 27030: 27015: 25321: 25221: 24961: 24803: 24706: 24653: 24203: 23398: 23242: 23070: 23011: 22930: 22721: 22706: 22217: 22197: 22091: 21621: 21313: 21253: 20687: 19823: 18141: 17936: 16083: 15443: 13241: 12367: 11797: 11568: 11395: 11368: 10880: 10856: 10844: 10691: 10589: 9417: 9245: 8916: 8714: 8261: 7836: 7548: 7409: 6771: 6093: 5790:

Partnership and cooperation agreements are bilateral agreements with non-member nations.

5772: 5694: 5646: 5517: 5363: 4903: 4887: 4847: 4733: 4689: 4677: 4112: 4085: 3899: 3859: 3162: 3133:

countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or

3062: 3035:

and agreed on a pooled military aid package to Ukraine for lethal weapons funded via the

2856: 2785: 2777: 2519: 2515: 2486: 2372: 2279: 2267: 2146: 1829: 1333: 1285: 1163: 978: 561: 546: 311: 241: 31: 29643: 26212: 26160: 25855: 25593: 18133: 16470: 12570:

About the European Union? Costly International Cooperation in a Self-Contained Regime".

9146: 7963:

by 2050. Also in the same year, the European Union and the United States pledged to cut

5531:

The stated aims of the CFSP are to promote both the EU's own interests and those of the

5486: 4482:

Member States cannot exercise competence in areas where the Union has done so, that is …

29809: 29344: 29334: 28860: 28776: 28766: 28599: 28562: 28492: 28431: 28414: 28368: 28278: 28192: 28006: 27819: 27788: 27778: 27256: 27220: 27010: 26785: 26545: 26467: 25793: 25719: 25636: 25531: 25365: 25357: 24781: 24258: 23090: 22691: 22470: 22384: 21796: 21571: 21507: 21247: 20851: 20760: 20595: 20428: 20329: 20286: 20248: 20169: 19677: 19372: 19186: 15413: 15383: 14894: 14541: 13715: 13637: 13261: 13066: 12904: 12625: 12431: 12427: 11681: 11594: 11556: 11502: 11211: 11183:, or both, in the preamble of the text, but the idea faced opposition and was dropped. 10828: 10784: 10628: 10576: 9772: 9617:

invalidated EU legislation based on its failure to adhere to those fundamental rights.

8052: 7544: 5862:

The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a military alliance because

5594: 5342: 5312: 5093: 5073: 4814: 4787: 4545:

common safety concerns in public health matters, for the aspects defined in this Treaty

4132: 3968: 3872: 3736: 3021: 3013: 2839: 2773: 2742:

had negotiated to join at the same time, but Norwegian voters rejected membership in a

2576: 2438: 1904: 213: 59: 23287: 21257: 20489: 20249:"Goods and Factor Market Integration: A Quantitative Assessment of the EU Enlargement" 20247:

Caliendo, Lorenzo; Parro, Fernando; Opromolla, Luca David; Sforza, Alessandro (2021).

18677: 18162: 17388: 16992: 16970: 15270: 14118: 13595: 13283: 11403: 9447:

In 2020, the first ever European Union Strategy on LGBTIQ equality was approved under

7470: 4298:. The European Public Prosecutor's Office investigate and prosecute fraud against the 3031:

undertook an attempt for a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The European Union imposed

2571:

in 1955 as an institutional framework for its military domination in the countries of

29380: 28990: 28892: 28880: 28865: 28845: 28756: 28703: 28675: 28657: 28460: 28336: 28329: 28142: 28090: 28068: 27996: 27907: 27900: 27815: 27716: 27704: 27453: 27282: 27184: 27164: 27149: 26990: 26982: 26710: 26704: 26645: 26613: 26441: 26326: 26144: 25839: 25823: 25785: 25566: 25558: 25437: 25397: 25298: 25263: 25156: 25016: 24791: 22023: 21615: 21596: 21515: 21488: 21469: 21451: 21432: 21413: 21386: 21363: 21344: 21325: 21299: 21280: 21261: 21227: 21204: 21181: 21162: 21143: 21124: 21105: 21086: 21059: 21042: 21019: 21000: 20981: 20962: 20939: 20916: 20897: 20878: 20855: 20828: 20809: 20790: 20771: 20744: 20736: 20722: 20694: 20671: 20652: 20635: 20625: 20603: 20576: 20557: 20529: 20470: 20451: 20432: 20420: 20376: 20333: 20321: 20290: 20278: 20229: 20106: 20077: 20067: 19948: 19944: 18829: 18402:"Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions – Eurostat" 17476: 17258: 16673: 16255:"Georgia, Moldova Formally Apply For EU Membership Amid Russia's Invasion Of Ukraine" 16236: 16188: 15387: 15017: 15000: 14581: 14547: 14530:

Title I of Part I of the consolidated Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

14490: 14449: 14332: 14326: 13929: 13888: 13688: 13301: 13297: 13265: 13058: 12972: 12908: 12896: 12856: 12849: 12629: 12587: 12583: 12526: 12331: 11785: 11637: 11294: 11285: 11223: 11168: 10946: 10942: 10933: 10860: 10808: 10788: 10730: 10704: 10537: 9613: 9265: 8877: 8841: 8822: 8115: 7964: 7960: 7936: 7832: 7814: 5970: 5962: 5630:(ENPI), which contains some relevant programmes. The European Development Fund (EDF, 5525: 5429: 5321: 5197: 4840: 4764: 4265: 3888: 3721: 3696: 3069: 3065: 3017: 2953: 2945: 2822: 2814: 2752:

and the ensuing détente led to establishment of a first truly pan-European body, the

2673: 2665: 2474: 2470: 2322: 2271: 2260: 2240: 2182: 2154: 1992: 1988: 1348: 768: 679: 325: 199: 143: 29775: 29135: 27174: 25489: 25216: 21550: 21544: 19228:"The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Commission" 18707: 13618: 12342:

Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU

8174: 6082: 5257:, but the volume must be approved by the ECB beforehand. The bank also operates the 4047:

Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted of

2920: 2669: 28751: 28741: 28567: 28515: 28419: 28283: 28172: 28122: 28100: 28095: 28026: 27842: 27768: 27751: 27729: 27484: 26910: 26769: 26690: 26560: 26445: 26367: 26152: 26088: 25628: 25585: 25535: 25497: 25146: 24786: 24503: 24208: 23018: 22696: 22180: 21605: 20519: 20462: 20412: 20368: 20313: 20268: 20260: 20219: 20209: 18993: 18980:"The role of Christianity in the European Union's heritage and history initiatives" 16871: 15835:"The Russo-Georgian War and Beyond: towards a European Great Power Concert, Danish 15625:"Historical Archives of the European Union: Assembly of the Western European Union" 15624: 15447: 15375: 14482: 14441: 14119:"Charles Michel: EU and accession candidates must be ready for enlargement by 2030" 13829: 13253: 13050: 12937: 12888: 12876: 12781: 12692: 12617: 12579: 12320:

Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture

12226: 12170: 11628:("Father of Europe"), has a symbolic relevance to Europe. The commission has named 11572: 11472: 11399: 11328: 11172: 11039: 10929: 10925: 10903: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10848: 10840: 10832: 10812: 10804: 10769: 10756: 10717: 10678: 10615: 10500: 9261: 9168: 9115: 8933: 8873: 8807: 8708:, that amounted for about three quarters of the imports in 2019. There is a strong 8685: 8668: 8585: 8285: 8000:) ranged, in 2017, from 31 per cent (Severozapaden, Bulgaria) of the EU28 average ( 7940: 7925: 7840: 7819: 7701: 7526: Members of the EU committed by treaty to join the Schengen Area in the future 6105: 5925:

have been deployed on peacekeeping missions from middle and northern Africa to the

5911:

outside of Europe. Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium participate in NATO

5908: 5879: 5590: 5557: 5553: 5329: 4729: 4681: 4291: 4276: 3921: 3710: 3085: 3072:, in particular those that have been particularly hard hit. It is sometimes styled 2937: 2925: 2653: 2244: 2213: 2178: 1999: 1995: 1869: 1650: 1552: 1363: 551: 515: 435: 367: 353: 269: 255: 227: 157: 129: 26717: 25989: 25329: 21947: 20524: 20507: 20214: 20197: 17738: 15895: 14132: 11537: 11411: 11312:, the EU is supporting comparable standards and compatible degrees across Europe. 4156: 2321:. March of that year saw two important developments. First was the signing of the 29171: 29125: 29065: 28950: 28798: 28793: 28771: 28691: 28645: 28402: 28356: 28254: 28231: 28214: 28187: 27972: 27916: 27823: 27810: 27798: 27773: 27763: 27699: 26926: 26661: 26541: 26408: 26311: 26136: 26024: 26001: 25981: 25554: 25509: 25091: 24103: 22726: 20364:

The European Union and Border Conflicts: The Power of Integration and Association

19940: 17076: 16583:"European Commission launches proposals to reach 55% emissions reduction by 2030" 16157: 16080:"European Commission – Enlargement – Candidate and Potential Candidate Countries" 15999: 15475: 15469:

Financing European development cooperation: the Financial Perspectives 2014–2020.

14378: 14049: 13325: 13257: 13011: 12213: 12182: 11743: 11724: 11590: 11525: 11309: 11187: 10937: 10915: 10911: 10896: 10864: 10852: 10820: 10816: 10796: 10665: 10652: 10524: 10487: 10474: 9960: 9183:

systems, which could be disabled or degraded by their operators at any time. The

9172: 8925: 8300: 8296: 7713: 7417: 6086: 6070: 6050: 5926: 5912: 5744: 5581:

Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations

5458: 5299: 5234: 5103:

is a constituent court of the European Union. It hears actions taken against the

5081: 5049: 4919: 4913: 4705: 4303: 3841: 3146: 3127: 2844: 2548: 2334: 2318: 2303: 2166: 1832: 1243: 737: 590: 339: 297: 171: 101: 87: 25777: 20592:

Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics

16181:"Deal reached to open EU accession talks with Ukraine and Moldova – Europe live" 15344: 14988:"Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964 in the case of Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L." 9517:

contains a wide range of political, social, and economic rights for EU citizens.

9292: 8245: 7981: 7555:. Of the 27 EU member states, 25 participate in the Schengen Area, although two— 7458: 7446: 5763:– in order to tackle the global challenges that are crucial for the survival of 4987:

where this does not affect the proportional nature of the voting system. In the

2826: 2583:, which in 1956 recommended the next significant steps of European integration. 2200:

With large-scale war being waged in Europe once again in the 1930s and becoming

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How Europeans See Europe: Structure and Dynamics of European Legitimacy Beliefs

21082: 20843: 20416: 20224: 16237:"Georgia can apply for EU membership if it complies with democratic principles" 13279: 12423: 11902: 11863: 11760: 11701: 11617: 11607: 11521: 11391: 11387: 10836: 10824: 10800: 10792: 10743: 10602: 10563: 10550: 10464: 10426: 9586: 9373: 9323: 8968: 8540: 8265: 8249: 8123: 7921: 7913: 7891:

Increase of average yearly temperature in selected cities in Europe (1900–2017)

7786: 7767: 7717: 7532: 6423: 6101: 6058: 5888: 5413: 5250: 4963:

is tasked with amending and approving the European Commission's proposals. 705

4843:, an international organisation independent of the EU and based in Strasbourg. 4798: 4749: 4743: 3910: 3806: 3802: 3692: 3518: 3287: 3265: 2995: 2698: 2637: 2602: 2376: 2330: 2299: 2221: 2190: 1961: 1932:

is a group composed of the 20 EU member states that have fully implemented the

1836: 1615: 1319: 1190: 874: 674: 419: 283: 185: 115: 73: 26120: 25993: 25926: 24942:

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

21592: 20915:. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer International Publishing. 20871:

The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe's Role in the World

20317: 18998: 18979: 18795:"Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Executive Summary)" 18330:"Urban sprawl in Europe: The ignored challenge, European Environmental Agency" 18026:"Minimum standards on the reception of applicants for asylum in Member States" 15379: 14445: 14185:"Climate debate intertwined with cost-of-living concerns as EU elections loom" 5191: 5092:

since 2015. The CJEU is the highest court of the European Union in matters of

2485:

in 1950. Essential for the actual birth of the institutions of the EU was the

2266:

By the end of the war, European integration became seen as an antidote to the

29828: 29656: 29651: 29626: 29609: 29518: 29507: 29407: 29264: 29110: 28995: 28910: 28855: 28715: 28635: 28530: 28380: 28373: 28266: 28219: 28112: 27968: 27921: 27724: 27423: 27251: 26932: 26779: 26747: 26489: 26404: 26236: 26224: 26188: 26184: 26052: 25863: 25750: 25620: 25570: 25389: 25341: 25021: 24881: 24560: 24537:

Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (

24413: 24363: 22772: 21231: 21046: 20533: 20424: 20372: 20325: 20282: 20233: 20081: 19394: 18937:"Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" 18528: 18494: 18355:"Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)" 16687: 16520: 16192: 15921: 14494: 14433: 14133:"EU should be ready to accept 10 new countries: Official - Turkiye Newspaper" 14034: 13933: 13892: 13062: 12976: 12900: 12844: 12591: 12362: 12029:"Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" 11926: 11883: 11835: 11677: 11465: 11300:

There are similar programmes for school pupils and teachers, for trainees in

11245: 11199: 10921: 9636: 9605: 9570: 9405: 8904: 8853: 8692:

The EU has five key points in its energy policy: increase competition in the

8448: 8332: 8308: 7904: 7794: 7790: 7490: 6120: 6116: 6062: 6054: 5784: 5681: 5492: 5453: 5408: 5372: 5109: 5089: 5069: 5032: 4831: 4822: 4810: 4084:

is possible, reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU's partly

3830: 3426: 2681: 2510: 2454: 2137:

since well before the 19th century, but gained particularly as a reaction to

1925: 1862: 1695: 1605: 1171: 772: 27937: 27734: 24464: 20639: 20466: 15715:"Post-Brexit EU Defence Policy: Is Germany Leading towards a European Army?" 11938: 9920: 9240:(EEZ). At 25 million square kilometres, it is the largest in the world. 7412:

are based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), a

2704: 2453:(OEEC), the predecessor of the OECD, was also founded in 1948 to manage the 2270:

that had caused the war. On 19 September 1946, in a much recognized speech,

29487: 29482: 29373: 29318: 29145: 28945: 28850: 28696: 28670: 28579: 28261: 28249: 28197: 28157: 28152: 28016: 28011: 27045: 27040: 26892: 26845: 26827: 26378: 26337: 26300: 26289: 26252: 26180: 26096: 25959: 25758: 25711: 25417: 25317: 24911: 23543: 22259: 20457:. Governance and Limited Statehood Series. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 19635: 16656:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 31% to 626% of the EU average in 2017" 16607: 16538: 15842: 14105:"Informal meeting of European Council in Grenada to discuss EU enlargement" 13287: 12134: 12127: 11781: 11764: 11430: 11191: 11176: 10985: 9709: 9585:

and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to

9448: 8952: 8664: 8436: 7763: 7612: 7495: 6151: 6066: 5736: 5732: 5397: 5218: 4835: 4061: 4014: 3481: 3123: 2799: 2789: 2705:

First enlargement and European co-operation (1973‍–‍1993)

2661: 2633: 2580: 2564: 2560: 2540: 2423: 2310: 2291: 2201: 2087:, which itself was also called Europe, before the term meant the continent. 2011: 1680: 1635: 1620: 669: 29792: 24947:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty

23473: 21634: 21610: 21582: 17598: 17465: 17439: 14592:

Fourth, the European Council acts a "collective head of state" for the EU.

13750:"European Parliament announces new President and Foreign Affairs Minister" 12707: 12069: (European Court of Justice 1963). See: Craig and de Búrca, ch. 5. 11662: 8955:

railway station is the busiest in the EU, located in and near the city of

8386:

the free circulation of goods, capital, people, and services within the EU

8110:

is the official currency in 20 member states of the EU. The creation of a

8015:

EU member states own the estimated third largest after the United States (

5026: 4839:

periods between them. The European Council should not be mistaken for the

3933: 2800:

Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice (1993‍–‍2004)

29492: 29085: 28833: 28828: 28820: 28805: 28630: 28535: 28346: 28182: 28147: 28127: 28107: 28085: 28050: 27307: 27035: 27025: 26920: 26773: 26526: 26493: 26112: 26076: 26040: 25601: 25116: 24891: 24836: 23556: 23428: 22190: 22083: 21321: 20453:

Promoting Democracy and the Rule of Law: American and European Strategies

19869: 19701:

Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08, Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, para 207

18606:"European Commission – Frequently asked questions on languages in Europe" 16214: 14842: 12621: 12430:

shall have the same legal value. The Union shall replace and succeed the

11689: 11613: 11555:

was adopted as the motto of the union in 2000, having been selected from

11203: 11126: 10408: 9904: 9776: 9582: 9444:

is the main body that recognises the social rights of European citizens.

9192: 9171:, Germany. The €10 billion project is named after the Italian astronomer 9164: 8857: 8452: 8264:. In 2002, it was turned into a fully-fledged conventible currency, when 7848: 7755: 7032: 6128: 6097: 5760: 5655: 4144: 3088:

on 21 July 2020 and adopted on 14 December 2020, the instrument is worth

3047: 2830: 2719: 2629: 2568: 2528: 2138: 1884: 1853: 1279: 1264: 1056: 29209: 20273: 19968: 19578:. Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union.pdf. Archived from 17579:"EU unveils €300 billion plan to reduce its energy dependency on Russia" 14486: 13918:

Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen-US; Mueller, Benjamin (31 January 2020).

13311: 12965:"Brexit day: end of an era as United Kingdom leaves EU – as it happened" 9509: 9348:

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

5943:

High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

5545:

high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy

4819:

high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy

4618: 4583: 4555: 4477: 4420: 4407: 4396: 4385: 4060:

The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities'

2958:

high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy

29354: 28616: 28604: 28574: 28540: 28480: 28162: 27236: 26803: 26504: 26389: 26278: 25429: 23418: 22681: 22282: 21397: 20787:

The Contemporary Crisis of the European Union: Prospects for the Future

20490:

Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (25 July 2022).

20001: 17982:"European arrest warrant replaces extradition between EU Member States" 17878:"EU-wide effort on gender-based violence taking shape, but gaps remain" 17717: 16893: 16612:"US and EU pledge 30% cut in methane emissions to limit global heating" 15649: 15401: 13349:"Europe: How The Marshall Plan Took Western Europe From Ruins To Union" 13348: 13070: 13038: 12892: 11918: 11914: 11788:

argues that the EU has proved beneficial to leaders who are overseeing

11716: 11577: 11564: 11107: 11021: 9908: 9853: 8681: 8304: 8236: 8034: 7948: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7802: 7751: 7608: 6945: 6147: 5875: 5568: 5536:

sometimes lead to disagreements, such as those which occurred over the

5376: 5254: 5222: 3095:. NGEU will operate from 2021 to 2026, and will be tied to the regular 2748: 2625: 2478: 2380: 2337:

which pledged American support for democracies to counter the Soviets.

1858: 1030: 641: 624: 29365: 19231: 18428:"Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far" 17649:"File:Top 20 ports handling containers, 2008-2018 (thousand TEUs).png" 16406: 16404: 16402: 14809: 14162:"EU elections: What happens if the far-right parties gain more power?" 13753: 12529:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 11 June 2013 9541:

for co-operation between prosecutors and courts. It also operates the

7908:

established with the introduction of the Single European Act in 1987.

5587:

European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department

4948:

and the coordination of broad economic policies within the Union. The

2042:

from 1973 to 2013, and in power through acquisitions of policy areas.

29457: 29417: 29412: 29050: 28887: 28622: 28584: 28177: 27991: 26232: 25723: 25007:

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

24193: 23413: 23149: 22229: 22160: 21511: 21466:

The Community of Europe: A History of European Integration Since 1945

20599: 20026:, EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service, Briefing April 2015 19770:"Thirty-sixth meeting of the ministers' deputies: resolution (55) 32" 15296: 13596:"1980–1989 The changing face of Europe – the fall of the Berlin Wall" 11995:

Factortame Ltd. v. Secretary of State for Transport (No. 2) 1 AC 603

11801: 11712: 11610:. The bull is, for its part, depicted on all residence permit cards. 11378:

All EU and many other European countries offer their citizens a free

11207: 10402: 10382: 10154: 10136: 9952: 9948: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9877: 9832:

List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits

9257: 8869: 8849: 8845: 8844:

is the busiest in the EU, and the world's largest seaport outside of

8597: 8589: 8240: 7778: 7709: 7539:

policy of the EU, it mostly functions as a single jurisdiction under

6902: 6042: 5316: 4299: 2887: 2772:, following a dispute over fishing rights. During the same year, the 2007: 1017: 572: 26898: 26652:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

21538: 21016:

Legitimating the European Union: Aspirations, Inputs and Performance

20196:

Campos, Nauro F.; Coricelli, Fabrizio; Moretti, Luigi (1 May 2019).

18730: 17281:"Japan-EU trade deal 'light in darkness' amid Trump's protectionism" 16107:"Ukraine's EU hopes rise as bloc's leaders approve candidate status" 15323:"European External Action Service gives Europe voice on world stage" 14147:"EU countries to start talks on how to make future enlargement work" 13921:"At the Stroke of Brexit, Britain Steps, Guardedly, Into a New Dawn" 13054: 12498:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey" 12422:

reads: "The Union shall be founded on the present Treaty and on the

11331:

to help the environment and to reduce dependence on imported fuels.

9104:

are abolished throughout the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.

7543:

for international travel purposes. The area is named after the 1985

5543:

The coordinator and representative of the CFSP within the EU is the

5125: 2141:

and its aftermath. In this light the first advances for the idea of

2073: 29040: 28736: 28557: 28385: 28300: 28239: 28202: 27396: 25101: 23453: 23448: 23438: 23343: 22859: 22716: 22601: 21404:

Steiner, Josephine; Woods, Lorna; Twigg-Flesner, Christian (2006).

20758:

Bomberg, Elizabeth; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard, eds. (2012).

20264: 19110: 16797: 16399: 16055: 15156:

by EU. And Article 47 of the Consolidated Treaty on European Union.

14408: 13178: 12941: 12505: 12323: 12275:

Reference article dated February 2020, taking survey data from 2012

11720: 11708: 11666: 11560: 11407: 11241: 11231: 11227: 11163:

The EU has no formal connection to any religion. Article 17 of the

11003: 10350: 10192: 10078: 10008: 9984: 9968: 9924: 9916: 9869: 9538: 9476: 8912: 8908: 8811: 8544: 8406: 8359: 8273: 8222: 8137: 8118:

and were legally bound to fulfil the agreed-on rules including the

7249: 7206: 7119: 6294: 5698: 5622:

billion, 2007–2013), which must spend 95 per cent of its budget on

5537: 5238: 5225:

and the European System of Central Banks. It is one of the world's

4938:

different compositions depending on the policy area being addressed

4672:

The European Union has seven principal decision-making bodies, its

3202: 2903: 2899: 2867: 2837:—came into force on 1 November 1993. The treaty also gave the name 2433:

The year 1948 marked the beginning of the institutionalised modern

2427: 2340: 1929: 1795: 1791: 1600: 1121: 1108: 1082: 835: 778: 26947: 18678:"The Application of multilingualism in the European Union Context" 18113:

Article 2, Treaty on European Union (consolidated 1 December 2009)

17762: 17171: 11273: 9712:

and the words "European Union" given in their official language(s)

8288:

as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the

7510: Members of the Schengen Area (air and maritime borders only) 4282:

Bodies combatting fraud have also been established, including the

3027:

On 24 February 2022, after massing on the borders of Ukraine, the

2341:

Initial years and the Paris Treaty (1948‍–‍1957)

29447: 29238: 28955: 28810: 28722: 26352: 24346:

Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development

23443: 23393: 23383: 23373: 23368: 23363: 23348: 23338: 23333: 22625: 21379:

The European Union Explained: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact

19046:"Muslims in the European Union - Discrimination and Islamophobia" 17531:"Ukraine-Russia gas dispute – call for stronger EU energy policy" 17514: 15888:"Answers – The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions" 15763:"Treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons ─ the 'Ban Treaty'" 15648:. Brussels: Western European Union. 31 March 2010. Archived from 13130: 11934: 11906: 11445:

programme selects one or more cities in every year to assist the

11323:

allocates EU funds to European or national research projects. EU

11277: 11235: 11144: 10388: 10370: 10364: 10312: 10236: 10218: 10198: 10180: 10084: 9988: 9964: 9940: 9912: 9860:. The EU contains about 40 urban areas with populations of over 1 9857: 9803: 9784: 9574: 9546: 9542: 9530: 9500: 9496: 9472: 9180: 8888: 8837: 8705: 8440: 7798: 7413: 7163: 6728: 6640: 6553: 6510: 6466: 6337: 6250: 6207: 6139: 5954: 5887:

process. After much discussion, the most concrete result was the

5805: 5258: 5112:

on 1 December 2009, it was known as the Court of First Instance.

4979:. MEPs are elected on a national basis and they sit according to 4854:, responsible for the day-to-day running of the EU, and also the 4245:, €13bn on welfare, €20bn on foreign and defence policy, €2bn in 3314: 3107: 2968: 2879: 2875: 2731: 2613: 2494: 2458: 2391: 2309:

By 1947 a growing rift between the western Allied Powers and the

2080: 2010:

states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and

1883:

trillion in 2022, constituting approximately one sixth of global

1675: 1645: 1630: 1228: 1095: 965: 939: 913: 900: 887: 848: 822: 809: 753: 19081: 18134:"Respect for fundamental rights in the EU – general development" 16816: 15865: 14610:. General Secretariat of the Council of the EU. 24 November 2009 14379:"EU budget blocked by Hungary and Poland over rule of law issue" 13186:"Union of European Federalists (UEF): Churchill and Hertenstein" 12208:

This is a political and not a legal requirement for membership.

11540:, the figure twelve being the symbol of perfection and entirety. 9653:

Examples of identity, travel and health documents used in the EU

8327:

As a political entity, the European Union is represented in the

5432:, with the right to sign agreements and international treaties. 2286:, one of the then founded and later constituting members of the 29679: 29622: 29617: 29570: 29565: 29497: 29477: 29472: 29442: 29427: 29422: 29313: 29298: 29253: 29233: 29228: 28975: 26978: 26815: 26797: 25897: 23463: 23433: 23408: 23388: 23378: 23353: 21967: 20102: 19936: 18189:"Europe Unveils New Sanctions Plan for Human Rights Violations" 17583: 16311:"Mont Blanc shrinks by 45 cm (17.72 in) in two years" 15782:"Overview of the missions and operations of the European Union" 14932: 14647: 14577:

With US Or Against US?: European Trends in American Perspective

11930: 11633: 11263:

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development

11073: 10907: 10420: 10344: 10332: 10326: 10306: 10268: 10230: 10174: 10160: 10122: 10116: 10098: 10066: 9972: 9881: 9873: 9807: 9780: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9126: 8865: 8536: 8444: 7747: 7721: 7604: 7336: 7076: 6859: 6684: 6596: 6380: 6143: 6033:

Map showing the member states of the European Union (clickable)

5752: 5743:(UNCSD) in Rio de Janeiro. Other key global agreements are the 5704:

The European Union uses foreign relations instruments like the

5440:

The main legal acts of the European Union come in three forms:

3130: 2983: 2909: 2895: 2883: 2848: 2765: 2739: 2617: 2563:

eventually joined both the WEU and NATO in 1955, prompting the

2326: 2186: 2084: 2066: 2050: 1887:. Additionally, all EU states except Bulgaria have a very high 1690: 1660: 1147: 1069: 1004: 952: 926: 861: 501: 20361:

Diez, Thomas; Albert, Mathias; Stetter, Stephan, eds. (2008).

17409: 16052:"Population on 1st January by age, sex and type of projection" 12920: 12918: 12476:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022 (EU countries)" 12204:

And is effectively treated as one of the Copenhagen criteria.

11498: 11394:. In 2018, the EU region with the highest life expectancy was 8891:

are categorized as international, community, or regional. The

8840:

are categorized as international, community, or regional. The

8620:

European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators

7777:, not all of which are part of the EU. The largest by area is 5822: 4294:

between 22 of the 27 states of the EU following the method of

4262:

proposal that linked funding with adherence to the rule of law

3996:(EPC) were shelved following the French failure to ratify the 3153:). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the 2910:

Treaty of Lisbon and Brexit (2004‍–‍present)

1924:. Passport controls have been abolished for travel within the 29717: 29467: 29462: 29452: 29432: 29308: 29303: 29290: 29248: 29243: 29214: 29172:

International organisations in which the union has membership

28940: 28930: 28925: 28397: 28392: 26684: 24936: 24901: 23458: 23423: 23403: 18764: 18092:"Eurojust coordinating cross-border prosecutions at EU level" 17765:"Chapter 2: The European Union Structural and Cohesion Funds" 17553:"EU leans towards Russian oil ban by year-end, diplomats say" 16717:

Number of companies data taken from the "Pick a country" box.

15977: 15779: 15665: 15603:

Biennial Conference of the European Union Studies Association

10294: 10274: 10256: 10250: 10142: 10104: 10060: 9976: 9956: 9889: 9865: 9815: 9811: 9534: 9359: 8956: 8896: 8548: 8023: 7292: 6989: 6815: 6154:

include the use of the euro and other areas of co-operation.

5922: 5764: 5756: 4038:(TFEU), respectively. They are amended by secondary treaties. 3850: 3442: 2891: 2852: 2621: 1978:

has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower

1584: 1134: 1043: 991: 21445: 20246: 20037:"European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations" 18625:"Appendix 5: Written Evidence of Advocate General Sharpston" 16817:"Almunia says 'undesirable' to act on Sweden's euro refusal" 16389: 16387: 16385: 16383: 15598: 14861: 14030:"EU Approves 450 Million Euros of Arms Supplies for Ukraine" 13566: 13441:. CVCE – Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe 12962: 12061:

Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen

11968:

These legislative instruments are dealt with in more detail

11849:

Special territories of members of the European Economic Area

8828:

Maritime transportation is organised under the TEN-T by the

8700:; and finally increase funding for new energy technologies. 7775:

special territories of members of the European Economic Area

7773:

In addition to national territories in Europe, there are 32

5907:. France and Italy are also the only EU countries that have 5716: 4597:

the coordination of economic, employment and social policies

4447:

monetary policy for the Member States whose currency is the

3097:

2021–2027 budget of the EU's Multiannual Financial Framework

3068:

package to support the EU member states to recover from the

2988:

referendum in the UK on its membership of the European Union

29070: 27318:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

27312: 26839: 25191: 25111: 24946: 23529: 22606: 20892:

Gareis, Sven; Hauser, Gunther; Kernic, Franz, eds. (2013).

18883:"Many tongues, one family. Languages in the European Union" 18786: 18288:

Eurostat, "How many children were born in the EU in 2021?"?

17687: 14897:. Hungarian presidency of the Council of the European Union 12915: 12140: 11728: 11670: 11602: 11481: 10288: 10212: 9893: 9885: 9795:

partially compensates for the natural population decrease.

9558: 8802:. Road transportation was organised under the TEN-T by the 8277: 8226: 8107: 7864: 7797:

in South America is part of the EU and the Eurozone, as is

7535:

at their mutual borders. Being an element within the wider

5863: 5827: 5499:

High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

4513:, excluding the conservation of marine biological resources 4448: 3485: 3161:(EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the 3090: 2544: 2003: 1937: 1580: 26863: 26105:

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

24102: 21626: 21341:

European Union Foreign Policy: What it is and What it Does

20762:

The European Union: How Does it Work? (New European Union)

18851:"MEPs push for EU recognition of Catalan, Welsh languages" 18704:"European Parliament Fact Sheets: 4.16.3. Language policy" 18629:

The Workload of the Court of Justice of the European Union

18554:"Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 of 20 November 2006" 17846:"Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table" 15568:"Partnership and cooperation agreement (PCA) – EU monitor" 14353:"Hungary and Poland block EU coronavirus recovery package" 13089: 13030: 12689:"The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities" 12005:, BVerfG decision of 22 October 1986 3 CMLR 225,265) and 11941:(UTC+4); which, other than the Azores, do not observe DST. 11398:, Spain at 85.2 years, followed by the Spanish regions of 11259:

Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union

10910:

less than 1 per cent of the population speak it natively.

9344:

European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training

8895:

is the busiest in the EU, located in and near the city of

8481: 8126:. The states wanting to participate had first to join the 5371:

Constitutionally, the EU bears some resemblance to both a

4453:

the conservation of marine biological resources under the

4155:, which are immediately enforceable in all member states. 498:

Location of the European Union (dark green)

29396: 22784:

European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters

21403: 21102:

Identity, Interests and Attitudes to European Integration

20823:

Cini, Michelle; Borragán, Nieves Pérez-Solórzano (2019).

20198:"Institutional integration and economic growth in Europe" 19279: 18948: 18946: 18874: 17510:"EU's greenhouse gas strategy fails to plug methane hole" 16683: 16380: 15806: 15578: 13004: 12123: 11214:

forming the majority of Protestant affiliations, and the

11180: 8919:(SES) is an initiative that seeks to reform the European 8439:, as they travel internally. The non-EU member states of 8053:

500 largest corporations in the world measured by revenue

7985: 7847:

in the south. The climate is strongly conditioned by the

7341: 7300: 7254: 7211: 7168: 7127: 7081: 7040: 6994: 6953: 6907: 6864: 6823: 6779: 6733: 6692: 6648: 6604: 6558: 6515: 6474: 6428: 6385: 6342: 6299: 6258: 6212: 4253:, €1.5bn in communications, and €13bn in administration. 2306:

so that they would become parts of a European community.

1973: 1857:

political entity combining the characteristics of both a

1787: 26628: 25062:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

24494:

Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability

21178:

The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union

21056:

Understanding the European Union: A Concise Introduction

18775:(Report). European Commission. June 2012. Archived from 17714:"Trafic annuel entrant par station du réseau ferré 2019" 17307:"The Commission prohibits GE's acquisition of Honeywell" 16862: 16860: 16841:. Danish Finance Ministry. 20 March 2009. Archived from 16543:"Populists, greens and the new map of European politics" 14092:

Special European Council, 17–21 July 2020 – Main results

13479:"The Commissioners – Profiles, Portfolios and Homepages" 13377:"A peaceful Europe – the beginnings of cooperation" 12293:

EU citizens able to hold a conversation in this language

10895:

conducts its business primarily in English. Even though

9852:

More than two thirds (68.2%) of EU inhabitants lived in

9708:, displaying the name of the member state, the national 9129:, Czech Republic, was established in 2021 to manage the 8939:

Rail transportation is organised under the TEN-T by the

7959:

with targets of 55% GHG emissions reduction by 2030 and

4017:(i.e. ability to e.g. sign treaties in their own right). 4000:(EDC). The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC. 29055: 26903:

2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against

25057:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America

23317: 20930:

Jones, Erik; Anand, Menon; Weatherill, Stephen (2012).

20841: 19551:"Life expectancy: Are you in one of the top 5 regions?" 19183:"The Erasmus programme celebrates its 20th anniversary" 19015:"EU celebrates 50th birthday-with a row about religion" 18731:"News in Brief / English studied by 95% of EU students" 17808: 17073:"EU-Korea FTA Will Be a Long Process: Greek Ambassador" 17034: 17007: 16763: 16672: 14567: 13687:. New York: Oxford University press. pp. 516–517. 13371: 13369: 13293:

The College of Europe. Fifty Years of Service to Europe

12149:

Special member state territories and the European Union

11644:

in recognition of similar efforts led by young people.

11359:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

11315:

Scientific development is facilitated through the EU's

10949:

in the EU, spoken by up to 50 million people. The

10451:

Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union

8883:

Air transportation is organised under the TEN-T by the

4204: Economic, Territorial and Social Cohesion (34.1%) 4111:

The European Union operates through a hybrid system of

2119: 608:

Council of the EU (April, June and October sessions)

25293: 21774:

International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)

20757: 20195: 20024:

Press freedom in the EU Legal framework and challenges

19842: 19744:"Sports coaches from Israel travel to UK for training" 18943: 17702:– via ressources.data.sncf.com – SNCF OPEN DATA. 17259:"European Union and Japan to sign historic trade deal" 16568:"EU summit deadlock over top jobs and climate discord" 16158:"EU to open membership talks with Ukraine and Moldova" 16074: 16072: 14835:"Institutional affairs: Council of the European Union" 14028:

Deutsch, Jillian; Pronina, Lyubov (27 February 2022).

13113:"Aristide Briand's plan for a United States of Europe" 12680: 12195:

and occupation (OJ L 303, 2 December 2000, pp. 16–22).

9798:

5.3 per cent of the people residing in the EU are not

8559: 8203:

European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority

8162:

European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority

7567:—is legally obligated to join the area in the future; 7374: 7348: 7305: 7261: 7218: 7175: 7132: 7088: 7045: 7001: 6958: 6914: 6871: 6828: 6784: 6740: 6697: 6653: 6609: 6565: 6522: 6479: 6435: 6392: 6349: 6306: 6263: 6219: 5656:

International cooperation and development partnerships

2678:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

21485:

The Origins and development of the European Community

20955:

Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union

20910: 19876: 19105: 19103: 19101: 16857: 15659: 15193:"Qualified-Majority Voting: Common commercial policy" 15154:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

15122: 14841:. European Commission. 6 January 2010. Archived from 14597: 14437:

The European Union and the Return of the Nation State

13496: 12825: 12527:"Glossary of Statistical Terms – COPENHAGEN CRITERIA" 7988:(PPP) per capita in 2021 (including non-EU countries) 7783:

not part of the EU but whose citizens are EU citizens

5965:

and terrorist infiltration. The EU also operates the

5298:

of the European Union. It was established in 1975 in

2944:

system into a single legal entity provisioned with a

2821:

The European Union was formally established when the

2575:. Assessing the progress of European integration the 2212:

gathered in London. This was expanded on by the 1941

26431:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

25127:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

21832:

European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)

20929: 19775:. Council of Europe. 9 December 1955. Archived from 19573:"Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union" 18214:"Share of world population, 1960, 2015 and 2060 (%)" 17412:"Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes" 17100:. European Commission. 15 April 2016. Archived from 16918:

Aristovnik, Aleksander; Čeč, Tanja (30 March 2010).

16728:"Euro area unemployment rate at 10.3%, EU28 at 8.9%" 16132:"Bosnia and Herzegovina set for EU candidate status" 14915: 14895:"Hungarian presidency Council of the European Union" 14405:"20 EU nations back plan for EU prosecutor's office" 13917: 13730: 13706: 13704: 13588: 13366: 13278: 11811: 9430:

List of European Union member states by minimum wage

9137:, established on 22 May 2007 between the EU and the 8880:

by helping to enforce the pertinent EU legislation.

8604: million following nine years of legal action. 8284:

million EU citizens. The euro is the second largest

5967:

European Travel Information and Authorisation System

4444:

necessary for the functioning of the internal market

3501:

Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters

3050:

in Athens illuminated with a Next Generation EU sign

2758:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

1991:

came into force in 1993, and was incorporated as an

24643:

Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management

21864:

European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–

21779:

European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)

20896:. Leverkusen, Germany: Barbara Budrich Publishers. 19632:"An Overture to the European Union Youth Orchestra" 19252: 18880: 18792: 18701: 18545: 18517: 18483: 17782: 16069: 15936: 15800: 15773: 15605:. Seattle, WA: University of Pittsburgh. p. 27 15263: 15213: 12801: 12799: 12708:"Activities of the European Union: Internal Market" 11365:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

10951:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

10456:Official languages by percentage of speakers, 2012 9610:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

9515:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

9467:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

9256:Likewise, the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the 5883:increase the EU's military capability, notably the 4324:

Subsidiarity (European Union) § EU competences

1808: 27330:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 25142:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 24664:Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space 21855:European Financial Stability Facility (2010– 21074: 20891: 20759: 20689:International Relations: A Very Short Introduction 19820:"Graphical specifications for the European Emblem" 19098: 18849: 17383: 17381: 14273:"EU Library Briefing:Lobbying the EU institutions" 13919: 13518: 12848: 12163: 11989:ECR 585. See Craig and de Búrca, ch. 7. See also: 11347:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 9493:European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training 9200:the management of the environment, understand and 8272:The 20 EU member states known collectively as the 6041:, the EU and its predecessors have grown from the 5662:Directorate-General for International Partnerships 5320:broader systemic issues. The current Ombudsman is 5221:of the European Union, the prime component of the 4186: Sustainable Growth/Natural Resources (38.6%) 4026:The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU's 3998:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community 2730:In 1973, the communities were enlarged to include 2676:). The OEEC was in turn reformed in 1961 into the 1976:. Due to its global influence, the European Union 26479:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons 21360:European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World 21140:The Government and Politics of the European Union 20913:Economic Cycles, Crises, and the Global Periphery 20743:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 20693:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 20649:The Lisbon Treaty: A Legal and Political Analysis 20556:(5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 20360: 20303: 19533:"In Europe, life expectancy is lower in the east" 19257:. Europa - Education and Training. Archived from 19185:. Europa - Education and Training. Archived from 17667:"Résultats d'activité desaéroports français 2021" 16463: 14869:"Institutions: The Council of the European Union" 14789:"Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" 13880:"Britain Votes to Leave E.U., Stunning the World" 13701: 13104: 11575:is an instrumental version of the prelude to the 9248:of the European Union. It implements a system of 9185:European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service 9151:European Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry 8868:, Portugal, is charged with reducing the risk of 8663:The total energy supply of the EU was 59 billion 8070:Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union 5628:European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument 4306:fraud cases involving damages above €10 million. 4192: Competitiveness for Growth and Jobs (13.1%) 3975:in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as the 2754:Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe 29826: 26758:Association of Academies of the Spanish Language 25177:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 25002:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 24341:Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department 20803: 20741:The Substantive Law of the EU: The four freedoms 20508:"The European Union's authoritarian equilibrium" 19650: 19365:"Directorate General for Health & Consumers" 18477: 18347: 18238: 18236: 18234: 18126: 17840: 17838: 17410:Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff (November 2008). 16925:. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 14350 16287:. Greenland Home Rule Government. Archived from 15741:"German Politicians Renew Nuclear Basing Debate" 15599:"The EU 'neutrals,' the CFSP and defence policy" 15297:"EU states near agreement on diplomatic service" 15123:de Schoutheete, Philippe; Andoura, Sami (2007). 13987:. theguardian.com. theguardian.com. 8 March 2022 13077: 13039:"Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace" 13012:"Greek goddess Europa adorns new five-euro note" 12796: 11226:of over a million. The other world religions of 10003:Largest population centres of the European Union 9526:, family law, asylum law, and criminal justice. 9454: 8657: Biofuels, waste, electricity, heat (19.4%) 8431:The customs union involves the application of a 8209:. To complement this framework, there is also a 8138:Capital Markets Union and financial institutions 7998:Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 7633:There are nine countries that are recognised as 7405:Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 5007:are elected by MEPs every two and a half years. 616:Commission (various departments and services) 316: 246: 24290: 23228:Largest cities by population within city limits 21194: 20402: 19746:. Eeas.europa.eu. 29 March 2011. Archived from 19656: 19603: 19306: 19180: 19158:. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from 19006: 18821: 18511: 17906:"Questions and Answers: European Care Strategy" 17864:"EU Parliament approves Minimum Wage Directive" 17814: 17528: 17508:Abnett, Kate; Nasralla, Shadia (17 July 2020). 17378: 17040: 17013: 16769: 16020: 16014: 15971: 13619:"IMF Candidate Koehler Brings Solid Experience" 12686: 12666:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022" 12424:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 11383:cross-border healthcare for European patients. 11325:research and technological framework programmes 11269:European Institute of Innovation and Technology 11165:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 9864:million. With a population of over 13 million, 9787:in the north are much more sparsely populated. 9065: 8911:. ECAA agreements were signed on 5 May 2006 in 8502: Agreement (in part) provisionally applied 8311:established within the eurozone, as the hub of 6003: 5961:aiming to detect and stop illegal immigration, 5385:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 5367:Organigram of the political system of the Union 4944:responsibilities, such as the development of a 4786:The Union's executive branch is organised as a 4036:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 3316:European Atomic Energy Community 2976:a debt crisis in some of the Eurozone countries 2711:History of the European Communities (1973–1993) 2593:History of the European Communities (1958–1972) 2586: 2451:Organisation for European Economic Co-operation 1215:Presidency of the Council of the European Union 218: 64: 29548: 27288:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 24902:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 24184:African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States 21175: 20911:Grinin, L.; Korotayev, A.; Tausch, A. (2016). 20444: 20442: 20346:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 19634:. The European Youth Orchestra. Archived from 19597: 19339:Directorate General for Health & Consumers 19199: 17958:(in Spanish). 20 December 2021. Archived from 17522: 17507: 17432: 16046: 16044: 15693:"A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence" 14855:It is commonly called the Council of Ministers 14027: 12051: 11632:in Brussels after Charlemagne and the city of 9896:, all with a metropolitan population of over 4 9868:is the largest metropolitan area and the only 9422:List of countries by guaranteed minimum income 9296:Classification of regions from 2021 to 2027 8980:Transport documents used in the European Union 8526: Agreement negotiations on hold/suspended 8390:Services in the Internal Market Directive 2006 8063: 7827:map of Europe (including non-EU member states) 5826:Map showing European membership of the EU and 4632:the protection and improvement of human health 2992:formal withdrawal procedure for leaving the EU 2587:Treaty of Rome (1958‍–‍1972) 2473:and most importantly to the foundation of the 1872:in 2020, EU member states generated a nominal 1851:million. The EU has often been described as a 330: 204: 148: 29534: 29381: 29195: 27967: 27953: 27511:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) 26963: 26792:Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul 26685:American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) 26599: 26069:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 25802:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 25279: 24992:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 24852: 24450: 23515: 23303: 21837:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998) 21792:European Economic Community (1958–1993) 21650: 21197:The European Union: A Very Short Introduction 21159:The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union 21156: 20975: 20551: 18580:"Languages in Europe – Official EU Languages" 18231: 17835: 16917: 16666: 16634:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023" 15410:Financial Times on Centre for European Reform 15125:"The Legal Personality of the European Union" 13848: 13239: 13036: 12924: 10902:The most widely spoken language in the EU is 10891:uses French as the working language, and the 9391: 9340:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work 9123:European Union Agency for the Space Programme 9092:European Union Agency for the Space Programme 8216: 7789:off Africa, which are part of the EU and the 5814:European Union Institute for Security Studies 5052:of the European Union is formally called the 4709:advise the EU or operate in a specific area. 4569:research, technological development and 4367: 3664: 2648:. They also signed another pact creating the 2181:—delivered a widely recognized speech at the 1390:4,233,262 km (1,634,472 sq mi) 372: 358: 274: 260: 232: 162: 134: 21810:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958) 21501: 21482: 20994: 20822: 20804:Bretherton, Charlotte; Vogler, John (2005). 20716: 20590:Jordan, A.J.; Adelle, Camilla, eds. (2012). 20589: 20066:. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. p. 56. 20064:Euro-English : assessing variety status 19805:Guide graphique relatif à l'emblème européen 19669: 19494:. NHSconfed.org. 17 May 2011. Archived from 19200:Jean-Sébastien, Lefebvre (22 January 2007). 18453:"Europeans and Their Languages, 2012 Report" 18374: 18372: 17591: 17458: 17066: 17064: 16798:"Europe seals deal on financial supervision" 16393: 16206: 15780:Council of the European Union (April 2003). 15337: 15238: 15150:United Nations Convention against Corruption 14966:"Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union" 14573: 14324: 13642:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 13037:Taussig, F.W.; Keynes, John Maynard (1920). 11559:submitted by school pupils. Since 1985, the 11545:Council of Europe. Paris, 7–9 December 1955. 11373:Directorate-General for Health and Consumers 9551:European Criminal Records Information System 9244:The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the 9207: 6092:To become a member, a country must meet the 5953:The European Border and Coast Guard Agency ( 5733:UN Conference on Environment and Development 5556:. The EEAS serves as a foreign ministry and 4719:Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom 4316:Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom 2916:History of the European Union (2004–present) 2792:became part of the communities as part of a 344: 302: 176: 106: 92: 29860:International organizations based in Europe 26691:Association for Peace in the Basque Country 25167:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 24755:Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service 23562:Economic relationships with third countries 21664: 21502:Yesilada, Birol A.; Wood, David M. (2009). 20439: 19888: 19280:European Research Council (15 April 2008). 19143: 18675: 18598: 17763:Select Committee on European Union (2008). 17330:"Microsoft caves in to European Commission" 16676:; Davies, James; Lluberas, Rodrigo (2023). 16436: 16360: 16215:"Iceland's EU bid is over, commission told" 16041: 15666:Council of the European Union (July 2009). 15394: 13870: 13799:"Nobel Committee Awards Peace Prize to E.U" 12227:"Full list - Treaty Office - publi.coe.int" 11800:, currently Hungary, from progressing into 11238:are also represented in the EU population. 9644:to create a legal structure to act against 8576:European Union Intellectual Property Office 7898:Institute for European Environmental Policy 7629:Potential enlargement of the European Union 5424:The European Union is based on a series of 5154:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4222:The European Union had an agreed budget of 3137:) in an increasing number of areas, in the 2994:; following extensions to the process, the 2347:History of European integration (1948–1957) 2173:, a follower of the Paneuropean Union, and 407: 288: 190: 120: 78: 29541: 29527: 29388: 29374: 29202: 29188: 27960: 27946: 27195:Sovereign states and dependent territories 26970: 26956: 26606: 26592: 25286: 25272: 24866: 24859: 24845: 24567:Crisis Management and Planning Directorate 24457: 24443: 24214:Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly 23522: 23508: 23310: 23296: 22511:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification 21657: 21643: 21614: 21543: 21483:Weigall, David; Stirk, Peter M.R. (1992). 21176:Pagden, Anthony; Hamilton, Lee H. (2002). 20978:European Union History: Themes and Debates 20575:. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux. 19930: 19794: 19566: 19564: 19230:. Europa. 24 February 2015. Archived from 18977: 18728: 18070:"European police office now in full swing" 17473:Euratom Supply Agency – Annual Report 2007 17440:"'Low-carbon economy' proposed for Europe" 16361:Kayser-Bril, Nicolas (24 September 2018). 16104: 15944:"Accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria)" 15325:. German Foreign Ministry. 1 December 2010 14202: 13830:"Croatia: From isolation to EU membership" 13685:The World Transformed, 1945 to the Present 12023: 12021: 12019: 11975: 11859:List of multilateral free-trade agreements 10979: 9848:is the most populous urban area in the EU. 8095: ERM II member with opt-out (Denmark) 7831:The climate of the European Union is of a 7785:, while the largest by population are the 7742:Topographic map of Europe (EU highlighted) 4497:social policy, for the aspects defined in 4374: 4360: 4334:exclusive competence and exclusive mandate 4013:obtained common institutions and a shared 3671: 3657: 2847:of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as 2317:, which constituted an open breach of the 483: 473: 27:Supranational political and economic union 29905:United Nations General Assembly observers 27313:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 26840:Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE) 26357:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 25182:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone 25112:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 25032:Economic Community of West African States 21583:The European Union: Questions and Answers 21562:Historical Archives of the European Union 21123:. Springer Science & Business Media. 21077:The European Union: Politics and Policies 21072: 21053: 20995:Le Gales, Patrick; King, Desmond (2017). 20932:The Oxford Handbook of the European Union 20684: 20651:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 20616: 20523: 20272: 20223: 20213: 18997: 18631:. House of Lords European Union Committee 18623:Sharpston, Eleanor V.E. (29 March 2011). 18622: 18369: 17817:"Living and working in the Single Market" 17684:"SNCF Open Data — Fréquentation en gares" 17061: 15584: 15442:. Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, 13431: 12875: 12831: 12614:Central European Labour Studies Institute 12317: 11794:Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union 11252: 9836:List of urban areas in the European Union 9820:immigrated to one of the EU member states 9612:. The charter is a codified catalogue of 9386:Environmental Impact Assessment Directive 8768:Trans-European Combined Transport network 8207:European Securities and Markets Authority 8166:European Securities and Markets Authority 8037:in the world, equal to around one sixth ( 7953:2019 elections to the European Parliament 5276: Member states participating in the 5174:Learn how and when to remove this message 4880:vice-president of the European Commission 4575:development cooperation, humanitarian aid 4503:economic, social and territorial cohesion 4241:, building and the environment, €16bn on 2806:History of the European Union (1993–2004) 2535:, which was to include the also proposed 2313:became evident as a result of the rigged 2259:, following the German surrender and the 2193:to secure Europe and settle the historic 2161:, who later would found in June 1947 the 2083:) – flows through the fertile valleys of 1562: 30:"EU" redirects here. For other uses, see 29875:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes 27278:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 25872:International Committee of the Red Cross 25704:International Committee of the Red Cross 25661:Nansen International Office for Refugees 25467:International Committee of the Red Cross 25122:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 24547:Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability 24539:Military Planning and Conduct Capability 22965:European Structural and Investment Funds 22887:European System of Financial Supervision 21752:Western European Union (1954–2011) 21274: 20868: 20191: 20189: 20187: 19109: 19037: 18169:. European Union External Action Service 18048:"Specific Programme: 'Criminal Justice'" 17659: 17466:"EU supply and demand for nuclear fuels" 17070: 16985: 16702:"Global 500 2010: Countries – Australia" 16587:Sustainable Development Solution Network 16580: 15365: 14580:. Oxford University Press. p. 146. 14534: 14468: 13876: 13658:"Treaty of Maastricht on European Union" 13242:"Bringing Africa as a 'Dowry to Europe'" 12879:(2009). "Europe: The quiet superpower". 12352: 12350: 12137:, automatically becoming part of the EU. 12035:. EUR-Lex. 30 March 2010. Archived from 11985:as established by the ECJ in Case 6/64, 11913:observe different time zones not shown: 11754: 11661: 11601:of Europe. Known from the myth in which 11497: 11272: 9839: 9758: 9508: 9364:The free movement of persons means that 9320:European Structural and Investment Funds 9291: 9231: 9106: 9072:Telecommunications in the European Union 8816: 8814:in the EU at 963 km (598 mi). 8750: 8680: 8480: 8405: 8358: 8299:in that area with an agenda to maintain 8244: 8195:European System of Financial Supervision 8173: 8148:European System of Financial Supervision 8073: 8004:) to 253 per cent (Luxembourg), or from 7980: 7886: 7818: 7737: 7494: 5999: 5850: 5821: 5741:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 5715: 5689: 5571:", as opposed to military "hard power". 5362: 5267: 5241:and the European Union, administers the 5217:(ECB) is one of the institutions of the 4955:The European Parliament is one of three 4332:In certain fields, members have awarded 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3041: 2919: 2809: 2734:(including Greenland), Ireland, and the 2714: 2596: 2547:which was established in 1949 under the 1418: 29885:Political organizations based in Europe 29395: 27051:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000 26221:International Campaign to Ban Landmines 24977:Collective Security Treaty Organization 24409:Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 24369:Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee 23542: 23531:Foreign relations of the European Union 21446:Tausch, Arno; Neriyah, Jacques (2023), 21293: 21195:Pinder, John; Usherwood, Simon (2013). 21099: 21032: 20997:Reconfiguring European States in Crisis 20735: 20552:Craig, Paul; De Burca, Grainne (2011). 20505: 19704: 19675: 19561: 19115:"Social values, Science and Technology" 18551: 16943: 16814: 16475:Center for Climate and Energy Solutions 15967: 15965: 15596: 15542:"The European Consensus on Development" 15496:international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu 15463: 15461: 15459: 15457: 15246:"The requested document does not exist" 15216:"European political co-operation (EPC)" 14940:"Institutions: The European Parliament" 14574:Parsons, Craig; Jabko, Nicolas (2005). 13616: 13346: 13110: 12938:"EU collects Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo" 12490: 12126:, the constituent states of the former 12016: 11424:Cultural policies of the European Union 10972:Religious affiliation in the EU (2015) 9489:European Union Agency for Cybersecurity 9328:Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 9326:and southern Europe. Another fund (the 9271: 9133:in order to implement the pre-existing 8965:European Rail Traffic Management System 8553:EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement 8508: Agreement signed, but not applied 7863:, with higher amounts also seen in the 7843:prevailing on the western coasts and a 7708:. Two territories have left the union: 7416:standard for statistical purposes. The 5781:Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 5749:2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 5471:Foreign relations of the European Union 5056:(CJEU) and consists of two courts: the 4139:EU policy is in general promulgated by 2984:United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU 2956:, and strengthened the position of the 2555:transformed the Western Union into the 2489:on 9 May 1950 (the day after the fifth 1257:The European Parliament and the Council 14: 29827: 27526:European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 26864:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord 25187:Southern African Development Community 25082:Latin American Integration Association 24887:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization 24623:Committee of Permanent Representatives 24249:EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative 22429:European Economic and Social Committee 22238:Court of Justice of the European Union 21762:European Communities (1967–2009) 21627:Articles related to the European Union 21431:(1st ed.). Anthem Press, London. 21426: 21245: 21137: 21118: 21013: 20952: 20784: 20665: 20061: 19848: 19043:, about 3 per cent of the population, 19012: 18676:Athanassiou, Phoebus (February 2006). 18558:Official Journal of the European Union 17694:from the original on 21 September 2021 16720: 16606: 16537: 16521:"EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)" 16442: 15289: 15148:Its examples are the ratifications of 14752:Treaty on European Union: Article 17:7 13083: 12843: 12604: 12565: 12519: 12311: 12033:Official Journal of the European Union 9763:Map showing the population density by 9545:database of vehicles and drivers, the 9537:for training of police forces and the 9481:European Institute for Gender Equality 9437:European Institute for Gender Equality 9202:mitigate the effects of climate change 8830:Trans-European Inland Waterway network 7622: 5204:President of the European Central Bank 5115: 5054:Court of Justice of the European Union 5017:Court of Justice of the European Union 4694:Court of Justice of the European Union 4656:civil protection (disaster prevention) 4258:Committee of Permanent Representatives 4119:decision-making, and according to the 2764:to the European Parliament were held. 2524:Founding fathers of the European Union 2501:. This treaty was created in 1952 the 2006:. Its beginnings can be traced to the 29865:International political organizations 29522: 29369: 29183: 29170: 27941: 26951: 26862: 26627: 26587: 25267: 25253:Regionalism (international relations) 25137:Organization of Ibero-American States 24972:Central European Free Trade Agreement 24840: 24438: 24289: 24269:Stabilisation and Association Process 24101: 24045:Overseas territories of member states 23541: 23503: 23291: 23066:Stabilisation and Association Process 22763:Area of freedom, security and justice 21638: 21625: 21463: 21376: 21357: 21338: 21318:International Trade and Globalisation 21312: 21217: 20976:Kaiser, Wolfram; Varsori, A. (2010). 20646: 20570: 20448: 20184: 20168:. European Commission. Archived from 20039:. European Commission. Archived from 20016: 19882: 19762: 19405:from the original on 30 November 2010 19202:"Erasmus turns 20 – time to grow up?" 19082:"The Jewish Agency for Israel – U.S." 18862:from the original on 3 September 2017 18649: 17706: 17676: 17403: 16944:Boesler, Matthew (11 November 2013). 16178: 16000:"The EU's relations with Switzerland" 15738: 15712: 15517:"Development aid rises again in 2016" 15400: 15100:. European Commission. Archived from 14916:Wellfire Interactive (9 March 2009). 14655:"Parliament's legislative initiative" 14007:"In pictures: Russia invades Ukraine" 13736: 13240:Hansen, Peo; Jonsson, Stefan (2011). 13111:Nelsson, Richard (5 September 2019). 12470: 12468: 12466: 12347: 12160:Article 3(1)(g) of the Treaty of Rome 11879:EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 11796:an external constraint that prevents 11739:and the channel's European partners. 11306:Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 11222:of 13 million, and an estimated 9461:Area of freedom, security and justice 9278:Regional policy of the European Union 8930:European Union Aviation Safety Agency 8739:European Union Aviation Safety Agency 8551:is perhaps its most notable one. The 8514: Agreement initialed, not signed 8426: Non-EU states which participate 8379: Non-EU states which participate 7537:area of freedom, security and justice 5637:billion for the period 2008–2013 and 5311:the European Union institutions. The 5285: Member states not participating 4893: 4541:area of freedom, security and justice 4216: Security and Citizenship (1.7%) 4054: 4041: 4020: 4003: 3986: 3940: 3652: 3584: 3571: 3552: 3516: 3471: 3441: 3326: 3239: 3170: 2135:visions of European unity had existed 2051:the only member state to leave the EU 2040:the accessions of a further 22 states 29724: 26697:National Movement of Street Children 26629:Prince of Asturias Award for Concord 26616:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 25248:Regional organizations by population 23061:European Union Association Agreement 21797:European Community (1993–2009) 20894:The European Union – A Global Actor? 20806:The European Union as a Global Actor 19149: 17169: 16894:"Triennial Central Bank Survey 2007" 16525:Climate Action – European Commission 16496:"Progress made in cutting emissions" 16445:"EU sets 20% target for carbon cuts" 15962: 15560: 15454: 15207: 14415:from the original on 25 January 2020 14182: 14159: 13940:from the original on 31 January 2020 13682: 13399:"A European Atomic Energy Community" 13084:Schulz, Matthias (3 December 2010). 11459:Sport policies of the European Union 9264:by various market interventions and 8596:, resulted in the commission fining 8460:European Union Association Agreement 7825:Köppen-Geiger climate classification 6119:and Norway, which are a part of the 5915:. Most EU member states opposed the 5777:Rights-based approach to development 5464: 5349:European Union legislative procedure 5152:adding citations to reliable sources 5119: 5072:of the European Union in matters of 5001:president of the European Parliament 4926:President of the European Parliament 4864:president of the European Commission 4803:president of the European Commission 4777:President of the European Commission 4712: 4143:, which are then implemented in the 3003:abolishing one of its three opt-outs 2507:International Authority for the Ruhr 2457:, which led to the Soviets creating 2447:International Authority for the Ruhr 2120:Background: World Wars and aftermath 2024:International Authority for the Ruhr 1944:, the union has developed a role in 1893:United Nations Development Programme 1238:President of the European Parliament 1200:President of the European Commission 27392:European Union Customs Union (EUCU) 27375:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) 26977: 26875:Hospitaller Order of St John of God 26764:World Network of Biosphere Reserves 24967:Central American Integration System 22390:European Data Protection Supervisor 21692:Ideas of European unity before 1948 20506:Kelemen, R. Daniel (3 March 2020). 19661:. Europa web portal. Archived from 19608:. Europa web portal. Archived from 18888:. Europa web portal. Archived from 18828:. Springer Science & Business. 18706:. Europa web portal. Archived from 18582:. EUROPA web portal. Archived from 18425: 17819:. Europa web portal. Archived from 17419:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies 17327: 17045:. Europa web portal. Archived from 16870:. Europa web portal. Archived from 16815:Kuchler, Teresa (25 October 2006). 16774:. Europa web portal. Archived from 16443:Aldred, Jessica (23 January 2008). 16212: 16082:. Europa web portal. Archived from 15992: 15976:. Europa web portal. Archived from 15946:. Europa web portal. Archived from 15863: 15811:. Europa web portal. Archived from 15784:. Europa web portal. Archived from 15406:"Europe must keep its 'soft power'" 15222:. Europa web portal. Archived from 14942:. Europa web portal. Archived from 14871:. Europa web portal. Archived from 14605:"President of the European Council" 14230: 13899:from the original on 1 January 2022 13810:from the original on 1 January 2022 13714:. Europa web portal. Archived from 13190:Union of European Federalists (UEF) 13049:(2). Oxford University Press: 381. 12809:. Europa web portal. Archived from 12762:. The Council of the European Union 12760:"Agriculture and Fisheries Council" 12736:. Europa web portal. Archived from 12691:. Europa web portal. Archived from 12007:Frontini v. Ministero delle Finanze 11734:European Economic Interest Grouping 11698:European Convention on Human Rights 11654:Media freedom in the European Union 11218:. In 2009, the EU had an estimated 10887:: English, French, and German; the 9629:European Convention on Human Rights 9622:European Convention on Human Rights 9189:satellite-based augmentation system 9014:European vehicle registration plate 8928:is under the responsibility of the 8788:Scandinavian–Mediterranean Corridor 8614:Energy policy of the European Union 8560:Competition and consumer protection 8280:. The currency union represents 345 8051:trillion global wealth. Of the top 7758:, 4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) 7704:provides the basis for a member to 5574: 5326:European Public Prosecutor's Office 5304:European Personnel Selection Office 5278:European Public Prosecutor's Office 4959:of the EU, which together with the 4723: 4288:European Public Prosecutor's Office 2768:joined in 1981. In 1985, Greenland 2722:and the American delegation at the 2483:European Convention on Human Rights 2126:Ideas of European unity before 1948 1983:The EU was established, along with 24: 27521:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) 27298:European Political Community (EPC) 26457:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet 26323:International Atomic Energy Agency 25736:American Friends Service Committee 25202:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat 24982:Commonwealth of Independent States 24499:Chairman of the Military Committee 24466:Common Security and Defence Policy 24374:Foreign Policy Instruments Service 24229:Euro-Mediterranean free trade area 23086:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus 22826:Common Security and Defence Policy 22821:Common Foreign and Security Policy 20999:. Corby: Oxford University Press. 20709: 19570: 19519:Key figures on the EU in the world 18316:Key figures on the EU in the world 18301:Key figures on the EU in the world 18275:Key figures on the EU in the world 18260:Key figures on the EU in the world 18245:Key figures on the EU in the world 17790:"EU Structural and Cohesion funds" 17371:Key figures on the EU in the world 17357:Key figures on the EU in the world 15974:"The European Economic Area (EEA)" 15918:"EU institutions and other bodies" 15837:Institute of International Studies 15345:"European External Action Service" 15271:"Divided EU agrees Iraq statement" 14662:Library of the European Parliament 13043:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 12463: 11597:has frequently been employed as a 11437:event, and orchestras such as the 10783:The EU has 24 official languages: 9767:, 2017, including non-EU countries 9749:Demographics of the European Union 9435:commissioner for equality and the 9161:global navigation satellite system 9082:European Union roaming regulations 8973:European Union Agency for Railways 8848:, located in and near the city of 8766:(TEN-T), created in 1990, and the 8747:European Union Agency for Railways 8698:renewable energy commercialisation 7762:. The lowest points in the EU are 7716:of Denmark) withdrew in 1985; the 7426:Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund 5996:Member state of the European Union 5947:Common Security and Defence Policy 5800:Common Security and Defence Policy 5711:member state of the European Union 5613:Development Cooperation Instrument 5597:. In 2012, its budget amounted to 5522:Common Foreign and Security Policy 5105:institutions of the European Union 5084:. It is composed of one judge per 5010: 4965:members of the European Parliament 4946:Common Foreign and Security Policy 4320:Institutions of the European Union 4030:, and are also referred to as the 3555:Common Foreign and Security Policy 3487:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 3082:European Union Recovery Instrument 2756:(CSCE), predecessor of the modern 2104:Timeline of European Union history 2072:This paragraph is an excerpt from 2055:aspiring or negotiating to join it 1942:Common Foreign and Security Policy 25: 29916: 29880:Organizations established in 1993 29151:Western European and Others Group 25938:International Labour Organization 25172:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 25037:Economic Cooperation Organization 24922:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 24557:Intelligence and Situation Centre 23939:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 22855:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) 22452:European Union Military Committee 22424:European Committee of the Regions 21530: 21033:McAuley, James (15 August 2019). 20670:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. 20554:EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials 20512:Journal of European Public Policy 20138:. ARTE Entreprise. Archived from 19720:. 19 October 2007. Archived from 19425:"info about health care and EHIC" 19013:Castle, Stephen (21 March 2007). 16733:. Europa web portal. 1 March 2016 15809:"CSDP structures and instruments" 15368:Journal of European Public Policy 14469:Zglinski, Jan (31 October 2023). 14301:"EU funding programmes 2014–2020" 13877:Erlanger, Steven (23 June 2016). 13778:. Nobelprize.org. 12 October 2012 12566:Phelan, William (2012). "What Is 12358:"Discrimiation in the EU in 2015" 11567:, on 9 May (the date of the 1950 11302:vocational education and training 9284:European Committee of the Regions 9224:European Fisheries Control Agency 9141:(ESA), known collectively as the 8676:European Coal and Steel Community 8531:The European Union has concluded 8470: 7692: 7432:legislation are to be delivered. 6131:, which has similar ties through 5039:President of the Court of Justice 4975:every five years on the basis of 4795:president of the European Council 4756:President of the European Council 3358:European Coal and Steel Community 2980:a surge in asylum seekers in 2015 2950:president of the European Council 2874:when Cyprus, the Czech Republic, 2503:European Coal and Steel Community 2416:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 2028:European Coal and Steel Community 1185:President of the European Council 29801: 29784: 29767: 29750: 29733: 29678: 29650: 29633: 29616: 29599: 29576: 29564: 27006:Bibliography of European history 26834:Spanish Federation of Food Banks 25012:Council of the Baltic Sea States 24776:Permanent Structured Cooperation 24628:Political and Security Committee 23472: 22831:Permanent Structured Cooperation 22447:Political and Security Committee 22334:European Atomic Energy Community 21602:Works by or about European Union 21277:Theories of European Integration 21218:Mount, Ferdinand (6 June 2019). 20873:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC: 20499: 20483: 20396: 20354: 20297: 20240: 20154: 20128: 20088: 20055: 20029: 19986: 19961: 19924: 19898: 19854: 19736: 19695: 19624: 19543: 19525: 19510: 19484: 19463: 19439: 19417: 19387: 19357: 19327: 19300: 19273: 19246: 19220: 19174: 19150:Ford, Peter (22 February 2005). 19074: 18971: 18929: 18907: 18842: 18815: 18741: 18729:Euobserver (27 September 2011). 18722: 18695: 18669: 18643: 18616: 18572: 18445: 18419: 18394: 18322: 18307: 18292: 18281: 18266: 18251: 18206: 18181: 18155: 18117: 18106: 18084: 18062: 18040: 18018: 17996: 17974: 17944: 17924: 17898: 17884: 17870: 17856: 17756: 17731: 17641: 17616: 17571: 17545: 17501: 17363: 17348: 17321: 17309:. Europa web portal. 3 July 2001 17299: 17273: 17251: 17229: 17212: 17186: 17163: 17138: 17116: 17090: 16963: 16937: 16911: 16886: 16831: 16808: 16790: 16745: 16694: 16648: 16626: 16600: 16574: 16560: 16531: 16513: 16488: 16422: 16413: 16354: 16329: 16303: 16285:The European Union and Greenland 16273: 16247: 16229: 16179:Bayer, Lili (14 December 2023). 16172: 16150: 16124: 16098: 15910: 15880: 15857: 15827: 15755: 15732: 15706: 15685: 15631: 15617: 15590: 15534: 15509: 15484: 15428: 15359: 15315: 15185: 15159: 15116: 15090: 15077: 15052: 15035:"Qualified majority – Consilium" 15027: 15010: 14993: 14980: 14958: 14909: 14887: 14827: 14802: 14781: 14756: 14745: 14720: 14694: 14676: 14622: 14009:. cnn.com. cnn.com. 8 March 2022 13662:Activities of the European Union 12646:. Vienna Institute of Demography 12584:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2012.01136.x 12318:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (2013). 12287: 12278: 12269: 12244: 12219: 12198: 12188: 12154: 12116: 12107: 12097: 12072: 11828: 11814: 11694:EU Charter of Fundamental Rights 11304:, and for adult learners in the 10908:withdrawal of the United Kingdom 9872:in the EU. Paris is followed by 9721: 9697: 9679: 9661: 9485:European Union Agency for Asylum 9426:European Pillar of Social Rights 9191:(SBAS) developed by the ESA and 9043: 9033:vehicle registration certificate 9024: 9006: 8988: 8796:North Sea–Mediterranean Corridor 8764:Trans-European Transport Network 8757:Trans-European Transport Network 8733:Trans-European Transport Network 8520: Agreement being negotiated 8395: 8342: 8128:European Exchange Rate Mechanism 7484: 7469: 7457: 7445: 7329: 7285: 7242: 7199: 7156: 7112: 7069: 7025: 6982: 6938: 6895: 6852: 6808: 6764: 6721: 6677: 6633: 6589: 6546: 6503: 6459: 6416: 6373: 6330: 6287: 6243: 6200: 5989: 5550:European External Action Service 5485: 5477:European External Action Service 5435: 5263:European System of Central Banks 5190: 5124: 5025: 4912: 4872:proposed by the European Council 4763: 4742: 4133:Laws made by the EU institutions 3691: 3591: 3585: 3572: 3522: 3517: 3480: 3472: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3286: 3264: 3167: 2650:European Atomic Energy Community 2390: 2355: 2315:1947 Polish legislative election 2206:Declaration of St James's Palace 2036:European Atomic Energy Community 1899:, paved the way to establishing 1689: 1674: 1659: 1644: 1629: 1614: 1599: 1561: 1540: 1539: 1518: 1517: 1486: 1485: 1464: 1463: 1417: 1221: 1140: 1127: 1114: 1101: 1088: 1075: 1062: 1049: 1036: 1023: 1010: 997: 984: 971: 958: 945: 932: 919: 906: 893: 880: 867: 854: 841: 828: 815: 802: 440: 388: 29870:Organisations based in Brussels 27673:Social (and financial) rankings 27475:Financial (and social) rankings 27385:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly 26137:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) 25350:Institut de Droit International 25212:Union of South American Nations 25132:Organization of American States 24932:Association of Caribbean States 24551:Joint Support Coordination Cell 24244:Economic Partnership Agreements 23233:National parties by affiliation 23076:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly 23056:Economic Partnership Agreements 21747:Western Union (1948–1954) 20719:Frontiers of the European Union 20717:Anderson, M.; Bort, E. (2001). 20666:Simons, George F., ed. (2002). 19908:. Karlspreis.de. Archived from 18822:Klimczak-Pawlak, Agata (2014). 18650:Buell, Todd (29 October 2014). 18520:"Europeans and their Languages" 18486:"Europeans and their Languages" 18138:European Parliament Fact Sheets 16259:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 15807:Council of the European Union. 14522: 14501: 14462: 14427: 14397: 14371: 14345: 14318: 14293: 14265: 14256: 14176: 14153: 14139: 14125: 14111: 14097: 14085: 14060: 14042: 14021: 13999: 13977: 13952: 13911: 13822: 13790: 13768: 13742: 13712:"A decade of further expansion" 13676: 13650: 13610: 13540: 13471: 13453: 13413: 13391: 13353:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 13340: 13318: 13272: 13233: 13208: 13156: 12990: 12956: 12930: 12869: 12837: 12774: 12752: 12722: 12658: 12636: 12598: 12559: 12541: 12398:"Council of the European Union" 12003:Re Wuensche Handelsgesellschaft 11962: 11953: 11478:International Olympic Committee 10445:Languages of the European Union 9825: 9742: 8963:is being synchronised with the 8862:European Maritime Safety Agency 8743:European Maritime Safety Agency 8727:Transport in the European Union 7734:Geography of the European Union 7581:European Free Trade Association 7398: 6113:European Free Trade Association 6111:The four countries forming the 5935:European Union Satellite Centre 5905:United Nations Security Council 5818:European Union Satellite Centre 5624:official development assistance 4177:EU funding programmes 2014–2020 3971:(MBT). The Brussels Treaty was 3541:European Political Co-operation 2872:its biggest enlargement to date 2784:joined in 1986. In 1990, after 2579:was held in 1955, ordering the 2505:(ECSC), which was built on the 2467:European Movement International 2102:For a chronological guide, see 1905:legal framework and legislation 29701:Elections Reform Support Group 27293:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 24997:Community of Democratic Choice 24597:Institute for Security Studies 24572:Security & Defence College 24234:Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 23238:Presidents of the institutions 23034:European Higher Education Area 22612:International status and usage 22406:Agencies of the European Union 22139:European political foundations 21587:Congressional Research Service 21487:. Leicester University Press. 21298:. Amsterdam University Press. 21180:. Cambridge University Press. 20846:; Shackleton, Michael (2011). 20544: 20495:(Report). European Parliament. 19659:"European Capitals of Culture" 19152:"What place for God in Europe" 18800:. Europa web portal. p. 3 17328:Gow, David (22 October 2007). 17071:Se-jeong, Kim (19 July 2009). 17016:"A Single Market for Services" 16993:"ECB, ESCB and the Eurosystem" 16971:"ECB, ESCB and the Eurosystem" 16581:Van Hoof, Sam (30 July 2021). 16281:"The Greenland Treaty of 1985" 16213:Fox, Benjamin (16 June 2013). 16027:The euro outside the euro area 16023:"Use of the euro in the world" 15713:Cunha, Alberto (5 July 2020). 15480:Overseas Development Institute 13574:"Negotiations for enlargement" 13347:Blocker, Joel (9 April 2008). 12437: 12412: 12390: 11981:According to the principle of 11944: 11895: 11688:of the European Union and its 11505:and the Bull on a Greek vase, 11439:European Union Youth Orchestra 11380:European Health Insurance Card 11175:included proposals to mention 10967:Religion in the European Union 9729:European Health Insurance Card 9228:European Food Safety Authority 9131:European Union Space Programme 9076:European Union Space Programme 8885:Trans-European Airport network 8834:Trans-European Seaport network 8566:European Union competition law 8078:Economic and Monetary Union 7870: 5729:European Union Global Strategy 5674:European Union Global Strategy 5666:ACP–EU development cooperation 5514:European Political Cooperation 5419: 5355:Treaties of the European Union 5308:civil service recruitment body 4989:ordinary legislative procedure 4107:Politics of the European Union 3959:, these treaties affected the 3790:Completing the Brussels Treaty 2159:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi 2111:Treaties of the European Union 13: 1: 29845:1993 establishments in Europe 27516:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU) 25876:League of Red Cross Societies 25402:Paul Estournelles de Constant 25207:Organization of Turkic States 24962:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 24733:Secure Software-defined Radio 24219:European Common Aviation Area 23029:European Common Aviation Area 22484:Charter of Fundamental Rights 22457:European Union Military Staff 22357:European University Institute 22146:Council of the European Union 21339:Smith, Hazel Knowles (2002). 21226:. Vol. 41, no. 11. 21081:(5th ed.). Boulder, CO: 20869:Federiga, Bindi, ed. (2010). 20525:10.1080/13501763.2020.1712455 20215:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.08.001 20202:Journal of Monetary Economics 19676:Fordyce, Tom (11 July 2007). 19255:"Lifelong Learning Programme" 18766:Europeans and their Languages 17739:"Summaries of EU legislation" 17373:, 2023 edition, p. 70 and 73 17194:"Central Intelligence Agency" 16772:"A Single Market for Capital" 16636:. International Monetary Fund 15597:Laursen, Finn (1 June 1997). 14546:. Europa (web portal). 2012. 14244:. Central Intelligence Agency 13526:"The new European Parliament" 12668:. International Monetary Fund 12478:. International Monetary Fund 12299: 11844:Outline of the European Union 11616:, also known as Charlemagne ( 11506: 11186:Christians in the EU include 9641:Charter of Fundamental Rights 9569:on the values of respect for 9455:Freedom, security and justice 9204:, and ensure civil security. 8901:European Common Aviation Area 8794:, the Atlantic Corridor, the 8477:Common Commercial Policy (EU) 8303:. It is at the centre of the 8083: Members of the Eurozone 7977:Economy of the European Union 7410:Subdivisions of member-states 5983:Common European Asylum System 5939:European Union Military Staff 5909:power projection capabilities 5779:. Funding is provided by the 5706:European Neighbourhood Policy 5678:European Neighbourhood Policy 5510:EU's common commercial policy 5359:European Citizens' Initiative 4961:Council of the European Union 4900:Council of the European Union 4884:Council of the European Union 4686:Council of the European Union 4309: 3084:. Agreed in principle by the 2963:In 2012, the EU received the 2697:the first merged commission ( 2441:was signed, establishing the 2284:Union of European Federalists 2098:History of the European Union 2053:, in 2020; ten countries are 1998:upon entry into force of the 1271:Council of the European Union 612:Secretariat of the Parliament 52:(in other official languages) 29215:Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) 27370:European Economic Area (EEA) 25072:Indian Ocean Rim Association 25047:European Political Community 24927:Assembly of European Regions 23024:European Political Community 22870:European Banking Supervision 22362:European Stability Mechanism 20253:Journal of Political Economy 19931:Chamberlin, Russell (2004). 19717:International Herald Tribune 19678:"10 years since Bosman" 19282:"Mission - What is the ERC?" 19253:European Commission (2007). 19204:. Café Babel. Archived from 18881:European Commission (2004). 18793:European Commission (2006). 18702:European Parliament (2004). 18552:EUR-Lex (12 December 2006). 18518:European Commission (2012). 18484:European Commission (2012). 18163:"EU Policy on Death Penalty" 17237:"EU position in world trade" 14768:Citizens Information Ireland 14728:"Elections and appointments" 14684:"Planning and proposing law" 14325:David Smith., David (1999). 13776:"The Nobel Peace Prize 2012" 13258:10.1080/1369801X.2011.597600 13164:"The political consequences" 12572:International Studies Review 12304: 11773:Journal of Political Economy 11750: 11630:one of its central buildings 10438: 10415: 10397: 10377: 10359: 10339: 10321: 10301: 10283: 10263: 10245: 10225: 10207: 10187: 10169: 10149: 10131: 10111: 10093: 10073: 10055: 9981:Upper Silesian-Moravian area 9818:. Around 1.9 million people 9733:(Slovenian version pictured) 9356:European Training Foundation 9313: More developed regions 9301: Less developed regions 9088:Agency for Support for BEREC 9066:Telecommunications and space 8720: 8710:dependence on Russian energy 8402:European Union Customs Union 8313:European Banking Supervision 8211:European Systemic Risk Board 8152:European Stability Mechanism 7727: 7381:(1,634,472 sq mi) 5727:There is also the worldwide 5686:European Political Community 5227:most important central banks 4351:in relation to those of its 4300:budget of the European Union 4169:Budget of the European Union 4070:distribution of competencies 3994:European Political Community 3881:S: 14 June 1985/19 June 1990 3851:European Council conclusions 3777:S: 18 April 1951/27 May 1952 3435:European Community (EC) 3139:European integration project 3001:The early 2020s saw Denmark 2825:—whose main architects were 2786:the fall of the Eastern Bloc 2660:) and Euratom was headed by 2533:European Political Community 2477:on 5 May 1949 (which is now 2253:Council of Foreign Ministers 2249:European Advisory Commission 2163:European Parliamentary Union 2060: 2049:. The United Kingdom became 2045:In 2012, the EU was awarded 7: 27242:International organisations 27069:Russian invasion of Ukraine 26732:1998: Nicolás Castellanos, 24325:Security and Defence Policy 24302:Foreign and Security Policy 24291:Administration and policies 23096:Union for the Mediterranean 22875:Single Resolution Mechanism 22814:Vehicle registration plates 22768:Migration and asylum policy 22747:Potential superpower status 21577:Central Intelligence Agency 21504:The Emerging European Union 21450:, Nova Science Publishers, 20875:Brookings Institution Press 20827:. Oxford University Press. 20647:Piris, Jean-Claude (2010). 20573:Brussels, capital of Europe 19309:"Cooperation: Energy - FP7" 19124:. Europa: 9. Archived from 18985:Journal of European Studies 18533:. europa.eu. pp. 78–83 18499:. europa.eu. pp. 54–59 17727:– via Open Data RATP. 17043:"A Single Market for goods" 16679:Global Wealth Databook 2023 16105:Luke McGee (23 June 2022). 15739:Meier, Oliver (June 2020). 14509:"Competences and consumers" 14094:Retrieved 15 November 2020. 13326:"Declaration of 9 May 1950" 12782:"Regional Policy Inforegio" 12135:Federal Republic of Germany 11874:Brexit withdrawal agreement 11807: 11658:European Broadcasting Union 11636:has since 1949 awarded the 11443:European Capital of Culture 11410:in Italy at 84.3 years and 11059: 10960: 9037:(Austrian version pictured) 9000:(Croatian version pictured) 8941:Trans-European Rail network 8864:(EMSA), founded in 2002 in 8804:Trans-European road network 8627:Total energy supply (2019) 8384:The single market involves 8339:between its member states. 8319:in case of a bank default. 8317:Single Resolution Mechanism 8262:eleven of the member states 8187:economic and monetary union 8122:if they wanted to join the 8064:Economic and monetary union 7883:European Environment Agency 7750:. The EU's highest peak is 7499:Map of the Schengen Area 6176:Accession to EU predecessor 6135:. The relationships of the 5975:Schengen Information System 5721:Union for the Mediterranean 4985:sub-national constituencies 4977:proportional representation 4805:and one representative per 4210: Administration (6.4%) 4100: 4066:pillar system was abolished 3392:European Economic Community 3117: 2971:became the 28th EU member. 2817:(1992), establishing the EU 2642:European Economic Community 2422:was held, resulting in the 2420:London Six-Power Conference 2032:European Economic Community 1934:economic and monetary union 10: 29921: 29550:Quartet on the Middle East 27633:Electricity use per capita 27140:Largest metropolitan areas 26656:World Wide Fund for Nature 26550:Center for Civil Liberties 25410:International Peace Bureau 25097:Melanesian Spearhead Group 23483: 23039:EU/ESA Framework Agreement 22737:Differentiated integration 22303:European Court of Auditors 22134:European political parties 21294:Scheuer, Angelika (2005). 20959:Cambridge University Press 20417:10.1057/s41311-020-00236-6 20320:(inactive 1 August 2024). 20306:International Organization 18978:Lähdesmäki, Tuuli (2022). 18380:"Eurostat – Data Explorer" 17624:"Data services – Eurostat" 17389:"Q&A: EU energy plans" 17225:. WTO information website. 14708:. University of Luxembourg 14702:"Guardian of the Treaties" 14160:Teng, Tina (22 May 2024). 14068:"Recovery plan for Europe" 13960:"Recovery plan for Europe" 13421:"A European Customs Union" 13401:. Cvce.eu. 13 October 1997 12730:"Common commercial policy" 12128:German Democratic Republic 11901:With the exception of the 11651: 11624:) and later recognised as 11491: 11487: 11456: 11433:seven-year programme, the 11421: 11417: 11344: 11338: 11266: 11256: 11151: 11133: 11114: 11096: 11080: 11062: 11046: 11028: 11010: 10992: 10980:Per cent of EU population 10964: 10448: 10442: 10425: 10418: 10407: 10400: 10387: 10380: 10369: 10362: 10349: 10342: 10331: 10324: 10311: 10304: 10293: 10286: 10273: 10266: 10255: 10248: 10235: 10228: 10217: 10210: 10197: 10190: 10179: 10172: 10159: 10152: 10141: 10134: 10121: 10114: 10103: 10096: 10083: 10076: 10065: 10058: 9997: 9829: 9755:European Union citizenship 9752: 9746: 9555:European Cybercrime Centre 9470: 9464: 9458: 9414:European Voluntary Service 9395: 9392:Social rights and equality 9337: 9281: 9275: 9221: 9214:Common Agricultural Policy 9211: 9125:(EUSPA), headquartered in 9085: 9079: 9069: 8878:loss of human lives at sea 8736: 8730: 8724: 8617: 8611: 8573: 8563: 8474: 8399: 8352: 8346: 8234: 8220: 8217:Eurozone and banking union 8199:European Banking Authority 8158:European Banking Authority 8155: 8141: 8067: 7974: 7970: 7880: 7874: 7812: 7808: 7731: 7626: 7488: 7402: 7355:(173,732 sq mi) 7312:(194,610 sq mi) 7095:(120,728 sq mi) 6835:(116,347 sq mi) 6660:(137,847 sq mi) 6616:(247,368 sq mi) 6572:(130,666 sq mi) 5993: 5803: 5797: 5793: 5659: 5578: 5474: 5468: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5292:European Court of Auditors 5253:. Member states can issue 5014: 4897: 4727: 4716: 4702:European Court of Auditors 4659:administrative cooperation 4313: 4284:European Anti-fraud Office 4233:Of this, €54bn subsidised 4230:was 0.03 per cent of GDP. 4198: Global Europe (6.1%) 4166: 4104: 3763:F: 3 August/24 August 1949 3278: 3151:la construction européenne 2913: 2803: 2708: 2590: 2573:Central and Eastern Europe 2537:European Defence Community 2410:Immediately following the 2344: 2189:on 5 September 1929 for a 2175:Nobel Peace Prize laureate 2123: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2071: 2064: 1170:directorial parliamentary 29: 29693: 29670: 29591: 29556: 29403: 29327: 29289: 29273: 29221: 29177: 28921:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 28901: 28819: 28656: 28491: 28362:Standard Average European 28230: 28059: 27979: 27894: 27833: 27715: 27658: 27649: 27618:Health expense per capita 27534: 27503: 27465: 27461: 27452: 27338: 27270: 27232: 27228: 27219: 27118: 27109: 27077: 26998: 26989: 26869: 26858: 26634: 26623: 26262: 26011: 25768: 25545: 25305: 25235: 25087:Latin American Parliament 24907:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 24874: 24768: 24742: 24728:Galileo navigation system 24720: 24694: 24672: 24651: 24610: 24580: 24526: 24517: 24476: 24434: 24430: 24401: 24333: 24300: 24296: 24285: 24176: 24115: 24111: 24106:relations and initiatives 24097: 24078: 24037: 24021: 23990: 23811: 23684: 23619: 23568: 23555: 23551: 23537: 23481: 23470: 23329: 23256: 23208: 23156:House of European History 23144: 23135: 22990: 22778:European Judicial Network 22755: 22669: 22660: 22648:Health expense per person 22577: 22568: 22469: 22437: 22414: 22398: 22375: 22322: 22295:Supreme audit institution 22293: 22258: 22228: 22171: 22082: 22073: 22064: 21989: 21980: 21938: 21880: 21845: 21822: 21805: 21787: 21769: 21760: 21737: 21730: 21682: 21673: 21632: 21142:. Duke University Press. 20318:10.1017/S0020818306060218 19122:Special Eurobarometer 225 18999:10.1177/00472441221115571 18773:Special Eurobarometer 386 18749:"Technical Specification" 17220:"World trade report 2009" 17196:. Cia.gov. Archived from 17170:Wong, Audrye (May 2021). 15841:. Diis.dk. Archived from 15719:E-International Relations 15380:10.1080/13501760802133328 15347:. Europa web portal. 2010 15214:The European commission. 15064:signon.thomsonreuters.com 15060:"Practical Law UK Signon" 14446:10.1007/978-3-030-35005-5 14331:. London: Profile Books. 13683:Hunt, Michael H. (2014). 12925:Craig & De Burca 2011 12445:"Population on 1 January" 12418:Current Article 1 of the 12169:See Article 2 (7) of the 11969: 11854:List of country groupings 11514:Tarquinia National Museum 11414:in France at 84.2 years. 11355:European Medicines Agency 11351:European Chemicals Agency 11334: 11321:European Research Council 11143: 11124: 11106: 11090: 11072: 11056: 11038: 11020: 11002: 10984: 10976: 10955:European Day of Languages 10768: 10755: 10742: 10729: 10716: 10703: 10690: 10677: 10664: 10651: 10640: 10627: 10614: 10601: 10588: 10575: 10562: 10549: 10536: 10523: 10512: 10499: 10486: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10460: 9903:The EU also has numerous 9673:(German version pictured) 9669:EU national identity card 9608:gave legal effect to the 9533:for police co-operation, 9505:Fundamental Rights Agency 9402:European Social Fund Plus 9352:European Labour Authority 9333: 9208:Agriculture and fisheries 9056:(Polish version pictured) 9018:(Slovak version pictured) 8949:conventional rail network 8893:Charles de Gaulle Airport 8776:North Sea–Baltic Corridor 8639: Natural gas (24.7%) 8607: 8485:EU Free trade agreements 7635:candidates for membership 7370: 7327: 7283: 7240: 7225:(18,933 sq mi) 7197: 7182:(92,043 sq mi) 7154: 7139:(35,670 sq mi) 7110: 7067: 7052:(16,040 sq mi) 7023: 6980: 6936: 6921:(25,200 sq mi) 6893: 6878:(24,938 sq mi) 6850: 6806: 6791:(27,133 sq mi) 6762: 6747:(35,920 sq mi) 6719: 6704:(50,960 sq mi) 6675: 6631: 6587: 6544: 6529:(17,462 sq mi) 6501: 6486:(16,631 sq mi) 6457: 6442:(30,450 sq mi) 6414: 6371: 6356:(21,851 sq mi) 6328: 6313:(42,855 sq mi) 6285: 6270:(11,787 sq mi) 6241: 6226:(32,377 sq mi) 6198: 6193: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 5917:Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty 5899:and the sole holder of a 5670:European Solidarity Corps 5609:European Development Fund 5520:. EPC was renamed as the 5389:qualified majority voting 5243:foreign exchange reserves 4950:Presidency of the council 4395: 4162: 4082:qualified majority voting 3955:Although not EU treaties 3919: 3690: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3609: 3603: 3538: 3534: 3498: 3494: 3463: 3448: 3432: 3425: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3370: 3365: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3313: 3311: 3300: 3293:European Communities 3285: 3263: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3033:heavy sanctions on Russia 2952:, the first of which was 2780:was signed. Portugal and 2605:(1957), establishing the 2461:in response. The ensuing 2412:February 1948 coup d'état 2400:(1951), establishing the 2294:was installed by the new 2014:) at the start of modern 1956:throughout the world and 1952:. It maintains permanent 1901:an internal single market 1801: 1781: 1768: 1734: 1706: 1576: 1551: 1533: 1511: 1497: 1479: 1457: 1439: 1435:106/km (274.5/sq mi) 1429: 1411: 1404: 1394: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1360: 1343: 1330: 1315: 1302: 1298: 1291: 1276: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1234: 1211: 1196: 1181: 1177: 1156: 787: 764: 752: 688: 662: 652: 639: 530: 511: 470: 430: 408: 403: 385: 121: 65: 49: 41: 29694:Associated organizations 29061:Lancaster House Treaties 28551:Christian existentialism 28511:Ancient Roman philosophy 28501:Ancient Greek philosophy 27848:Childhood population (%) 27583:GNI (nominal) per capita 27065:hybrid variant (2020-22) 26675:Médecins Sans Frontières 26245:Médecins Sans Frontières 25162:Polynesian Leaders Group 25077:Liptako–Gourma Authority 25067:Gulf Cooperation Council 24070:European Union Sanctions 24055:Largest trading partners 22347:European Investment Fund 22342:European Investment Bank 21464:Urwin, Derek W. (2014). 21408:(9th ed.). Oxford: 21383:Indiana University Press 21358:Smith, Karen E. (2008). 21199:(3rd ed.). Oxford: 21157:O'Brennan, John (2006). 21073:McCormick, John (2013). 21054:McCormick, John (2014). 21039:New York Review of Books 20953:Kaiser, Wolfram (2009). 20850:(8th ed.). London: 20785:Berend, Ivan T. (2017). 20766:(3rd ed.). Oxford: 20685:Wilkinson, Paul (2007). 20373:10.1017/cbo9780511491337 19998:charlemagneyouthprize.eu 19606:"European Culture Month" 19341:. Europa. Archived from 19311:. Europa. Archived from 19284:. Europa. Archived from 19055:. Europa. Archived from 19021:. London. Archived from 17599:"Mobility and transport" 17018:. Europa. Archived from 16394:Jordan & Adelle 2012 15920:. Europa. Archived from 15167:"How EU takes decisions" 13461:"Merging the executives" 13439:"Merging the executives" 12420:Treaty on European Union 12181:17 February 2008 at the 11889: 11869:Pan-European nationalism 11647: 11452: 11169:Treaty on European Union 9715:(Irish version pictured) 9307: Transition regions 9288:European Investment Bank 8996:European driving licence 8961:Rail transport in Europe 8810:is the longest national 8784:Orient/East–Med Corridor 8772:Baltic–Adriatic Corridor 8496: Agreement in force 8465:World Trade Organization 8329:World Trade Organization 8322: 8179:European Investment Bank 8112:European single currency 7937:emissions trading system 7930:greenhouse-gas emissions 7877:Climate change in Europe 7268:(7,827 sq mi) 6399:(3,572 sq mi) 5846: EU and NATO member 5560:for the European Union. 5381:Treaty of European Union 4957:legislative institutions 4832:collective head of state 4466:international agreements 4460:Common Commercial Policy 4440:the establishing of the 4264:. The budget included a 4032:Treaty on European Union 3969:Modified Brussels Treaty 3831:Brussels (Merger) Treaty 3451:Justice and Home Affairs 3211:Rel. w/ EC/EU framework: 2936:On 1 December 2009, the 2924:Signing ceremony of the 2644:(EEC) and established a 2601:Signing ceremony of the 2553:Modified Brussels Treaty 2251:, later replaced by the 2171:Prime Minister of France 1966:World Trade Organization 28839:Equality before the law 28046:Romano-Germanic culture 27283:Council of Europe (CoE) 27262:Transatlantic relations 26881:SOS Children's Villages 26640:Vicariate of Solidarity 25732:Friends Service Council 25042:Eurasian Economic Union 24987:Commonwealth of Nations 24633:Politico-Military Group 24529:External Action Service 24509:Foreign Affairs Council 24393:Special Representatives 24356:Foreign Affairs Council 24351:External Action Service 23051:European Peace Facility 22278:System of Central Banks 21593:Works by European Union 21556:Encyclopædia Britannica 21410:Oxford University Press 21398:Excerpt and text search 21377:Staab, Andreas (2011). 21246:Rifkin, Jeremy (2005). 21201:Oxford University Press 21035:"A More Perfect Union?" 20936:Oxford University Press 20848:The European Parliament 20825:European Union Politics 20789:. New York: Routledge. 20768:Oxford University Press 20622:The European superpower 20571:Demey, Thierry (2007). 20467:10.1057/9780230244528_9 20062:Mollin, Sandra (2006). 19933:The Emperor Charlemagne 19427:. Nhs.uk. 29 April 2010 18939:– via Wikisource. 18656:The Wall Street Journal 17098:"Free trade agreements" 16995:. European Central Bank 16973:. European Central Bank 16899:. BIS. 19 December 2007 16430:"EUR-Lex – l28027 – EN" 15039:www.consilium.europa.eu 14814:www.consilium.europa.eu 14214:Encyclopædia Britannica 13504:"The first enlargement" 13142:Office of the Historian 13138:"Milestones: 1937–1945" 13090:http://www.ieg-mainz.de 12366:. 437. European Union: 11642:Charlemagne Youth Prize 11494:European Heritage Label 11435:European Cultural Month 11216:Eastern Orthodox Church 9907:urbanised regions like 9846:Paris metropolitan area 9646:human rights violations 9633:European Social Charter 9442:European Social Charter 9410:European Social Charter 9238:exclusive economic zone 9218:Common Fisheries Policy 9052:disabled parking permit 8945:high-speed rail network 8932:(EASA). It carries out 8821:Satellite photo of the 8170:Single Resolution Board 7575:, and instead operates 7422:member states of the EU 5979:Visa Information System 5931:European Defence Agency 5810:European Defence Agency 5533:international community 5403:Under the principle of 4653:and vocational training 4530:trans-European networks 4455:common fisheries policy 3374:(Distr. of competences) 3039:off-budget instrument. 3037:European Peace Facility 2290:. One month later, the 1895:. Its cornerstone, the 1889:Human Development Index 1868:Containing 5.8% of the 653:Official languages 29840:European Economic Area 29001:Eastern European Group 28590:Continental philosophy 28521:Judeo-Christian ethics 28506:Hellenistic philosophy 27987:Cradle of civilization 26129:UN Peacekeeping Forces 25978: (declined award) 25887:Martin Luther King Jr. 25027:East African Community 24917:Asia-Europe Foundation 24868:Regional organizations 24224:European Economic Area 24060:Association Agreements 23969:Accession negotiations 23955:Accession negotiations 23890:Accession negotiations 23860:Accession negotiations 23844:Bosnia and Herzegovina 23161:2012 Nobel Peace Prize 23007:European Economic Area 22865:European banking union 22742:Privileged partnership 22597:Government procurement 21279:. Palgrave Macmillan. 21275:Rosamond, Ben (2000). 21224:London Review of Books 21138:Nugent, Neill (2006). 21119:Murray, Fiona (2012). 20852:John Harper Publishing 20624:. Palgrave Macmillan. 20405:International Politics 20109:. 2018. Archived from 20096:"2018 EU Media Survey" 17603:transport.ec.europa.eu 17150:www.europarl.europa.eu 15277:. BBC. 27 January 2003 13856:"EU Referendum Result" 12605:Hlavac, Marek (2010). 12370:. 2015. Archived from 11987:Falminio Costa v. ENEL 11790:democratic backsliding 11767: 11674: 11621: 11581:, the 4th movement of 11563:of the union has been 11548: 11517: 11289: 11253:Education and research 10430: 10412: 10392: 10374: 10354: 10336: 10316: 10298: 10278: 10260: 10240: 10222: 10202: 10184: 10164: 10146: 10126: 10108: 10088: 10070: 10007:metropolitan regions, 9849: 9768: 9518: 9382:Working Time Directive 9315: 9250:agricultural subsidies 9241: 9143:European Space Council 9118: 8921:air traffic management 8825: 8780:Mediterranean Corridor 8759: 8689: 8528: 8433:common external tariff 8428: 8411:European Customs Union 8381: 8364:European Single Market 8349:European single market 8257: 8231:European banking union 8182: 8103: 8101: Other EU members 7994:gross domestic product 7989: 7945:European Green Capital 7943:into the economy. The 7935:The EU has adopted an 7892: 7828: 7743: 7643:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7583:(EFTA) member states, 7528: 7008:(122 sq mi) 6965:(998 sq mi) 6125:European Economic Area 6034: 5885:Helsinki Headline Goal 5872:Western European Union 5859: 5848: 5840: NATO member only 5724: 5701: 5589:, or "ECHO", provides 5368: 5336: 5287: 4860:European commissioners 4850:acts both as the EU's 4464:conclusion of certain 4411:Supporting competence 4243:education and research 4235:agriculture enterprise 4121:principle of conferral 3864:S: 17/28 February 1986 3788:Protocol Modifying and 3598:Western European Union 3150: 3143:construction of Europe 3080:, and also called the 3051: 2948:, created a permanent 2929: 2818: 2762:first direct elections 2727: 2609: 2557:Western European Union 2445:(WU), followed by the 2296:Fourth French Republic 2257:Allied Control Council 2151:European customs union 1903:based on standardised 1874:gross domestic product 411:In Varietate Concordia 373: 359: 345: 331: 317: 303: 289: 275: 261: 247: 233: 219: 205: 191: 177: 163: 149: 135: 107: 93: 79: 29583:Palestinian Authority 29121:Three Seas Initiative 29096:Pacific Islands Forum 28961:British–Irish Council 28709:Greek Orthodox Church 28168:Industrial Revolution 28138:Scientific Revolution 27623:Military spending (%) 27613:Unemployment rate (%) 27358:free trade agreements 27123:Areas and populations 26915:World Central Kitchen 26754:Royal Spanish Academy 26724:Mstislav Rostropovich 26401:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 26081:Alfonso García Robles 26061:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 26033:Amnesty International 25645:Carlos Saavedra Lamas 25197:Three Seas Initiative 25152:Pacific Islands Forum 24952:British–Irish Council 24813:Berlin Plus agreement 24760:Monitor mission medal 24065:Free trade agreements 23486:Potential enlargement 23106:Free trade agreements 22948:Health Insurance Card 22882:Capital Markets Union 22732:Democratic legitimacy 22702:Optimum currency area 22523:Legislative procedure 22268:European Central Bank 21427:Tausch, Arno (2012). 20136:"How is ARTE funded?" 19657:European Commission. 19604:European Commission. 19521:, 2023 edition, p. 25 19447:"Consilium.europa.eu" 19307:European Commission. 19181:European Commission. 18318:, 2023 edition, p. 21 18303:, 2023 edition, p. 20 18277:, 2023 edition, p. 17 18262:, 2023 edition, p. 19 18247:, 2023 edition, p. 12 17815:European Commission. 17529:European Parliament. 17359:, 2023 edition, p. 72 17239:. European Commission 17126:. European Commission 17041:European Commission. 17014:European Commission. 16770:European Commission. 16753:"Database – Eurostat" 16610:(17 September 2021). 16315:Sydney Morning Herald 16021:European Commission. 15972:European Commission. 15522:. OECD. 11 April 2017 15474:16 March 2011 at the 14764:"European commission" 13379:. European Commission 13328:. European Commission 12687:European Commission. 12363:Special Eurobarometer 11991:Factortame litigation 11822:European Union portal 11798:electoral autocracies 11758: 11665: 11534: 11501: 11492:Further information: 11276: 10893:European Central Bank 9843: 9793:Immigration to Europe 9762: 9599:racial discrimination 9512: 9465:Further information: 9398:European social model 9378:environmental dumping 9295: 9235: 9139:European Space Agency 9135:European Space Policy 9110: 9100:Mobile communication 9096:European Space Agency 9080:Further information: 8852:, in the province of 8820: 8800:Rhine–Danube Corridor 8792:Rhine–Alpine Corridor 8754: 8731:Further information: 8684: 8651: Nuclear (13.2%) 8570:European consumer law 8533:free trade agreements 8484: 8409: 8362: 8355:Digital Single Market 8353:Further information: 8248: 8177: 8144:Capital Markets Union 8077: 7984: 7890: 7845:mediterranean climate 7822: 7741: 7724:from the EU in 2020. 7498: 6159:List of member states 6079:Three Seas Initiative 6032: 5854: 5825: 5719: 5693: 5579:Further information: 5366: 5347:Further information: 5271: 5261:payments system. The 5231:ECB Governing Council 5215:European Central Bank 4856:legislative initiator 4698:European Central Bank 4389:Exclusive competence 4339:legislative procedure 4237:, €42bn was spent on 3992:Plans to establish a 3977:mutual defence clause 3761:S: 5 May/4 April 1949 3530:Anglo-French alliance 3045: 2923: 2813: 2760:(OSCE). In 1979, the 2718: 2600: 2491:Victory in Europe Day 2124:Further information: 2109:Further information: 2047:the Nobel Peace Prize 1774:Summer time in Europe 1396:• Water (%) 425:"United in Diversity" 29895:Supranational unions 29116:Special Relationship 28526:Christian philosophy 28471:Western Christianity 28133:Age of Enlightenment 28007:Hellenistic Kingdoms 27628:Urban population (%) 27588:GNI (PPP) per capita 27133:European microstates 26516:World Food Programme 25243:Regional integration 25227:Western Balkans Quad 24378:Diplomatic missions 24315:Neighbourhood Policy 24254:Neighbourhood Policy 24050:European microstates 23218:Books on the subject 23081:EU Gateway Programme 23044:EU/ESA Space Council 23002:Neighbourhood Policy 22960:Regional development 22926:Environmental policy 22916:Educational policies 22843:Neighbourhood Policy 22687:Intergovernmentalism 22677:European integration 22592:Community preference 22543:Enhanced cooperation 22528:Citizens' Initiative 22367:Unified Patent Court 22218:Directorates-General 22009:Environmental issues 21100:McLaren, L. (2005). 19872:on 19 December 2009. 19401:. 18 November 2010. 19208:on 12 September 2010 17880:. 21 September 2022. 17866:. 14 September 2022. 16804:. 22 September 2010. 16337:"The World Factbook" 15467:Mikaela Gavas 2010. 14630:"Legislative powers" 14543:How does the EU work 13836:. BBC. 26 April 2013 13548:"Schengen agreement" 13314:on 28 December 2016. 13252:(3): 443–463 (459). 12622:10.2139/ssrn.1719308 12212:26 June 2008 at the 11692:, as defined in the 11684:that applies to all 11583:Ludwig van Beethoven 11530:European Communities 11447:cultural development 11406:both at 84.3 years, 11341:Healthcare in Europe 11317:Framework Programmes 11282:Renaissance humanist 11278:Erasmus of Rotterdam 10924:(in Luxembourg) and 10885:procedural languages 9945:Frankfurt Rhine-Main 9272:Regional development 9197:Copernicus Programme 8490: European Union 8290:United States dollar 8132:European Fiscal Pact 8120:convergence criteria 7957:European Climate Law 7601:European microstates 7553:Schengen, Luxembourg 7541:a common visa policy 6137:European microstates 6075:New Hanseatic League 5897:nuclear weapon state 5855:Coat of arms of the 5834: EU member only 5723:meeting in Barcelona 5626:(ODA), and from the 5595:developing countries 5148:improve this section 4967:(MEPs) are directly 4868:Ursula von der Leyen 4771:Ursula von der Leyen 4296:enhanced cooperation 4260:(Coreper), citing a 4145:domestic legislation 4011:European Communities 3159:European Communities 3029:Russian Armed Forces 2770:left the Communities 2687:European Communities 2658:Hallstein Commission 2640:, which created the 2539:, an alternative to 2437:. In March 1948 the 2435:European integration 2280:Hertenstein Congress 2276:University of Zürich 2230:Bretton Woods System 2195:Franco-German enmity 2157:was founded, led by 2143:European integration 2115:European integration 2018:in 1948, and to the 2016:European integration 1922:regional development 1736:• Summer ( 1413:• 2024 estimate 1349:Treaty of Maastricht 1206:Ursula von der Leyen 94:Den Europæiske Union 29557:Negotiating parties 29397:G20 major economies 29211:Group of Eight (G8) 29141:West Nordic Council 29006:Eastern Partnership 28595:Analytic philosophy 28296:Classical tradition 28118:Early modern period 28074:Classical antiquity 28069:European Bronze Age 27608:Press Freedom Index 27535:Sovereign states by 27380:Eastern Partnership 27016:Classical antiquity 26701:Messengers of Peace 26197:Pugwash Conferences 25222:West Nordic Council 24804:Kortenberg building 24798:Intelligence School 24707:Everything but Arms 24654:European Commission 24615:preparatory bodies 24484:High Representative 24361:High Representative 24264:Mediterranean Union 24204:Eastern Partnership 24189:Asia–Europe Meeting 23243:Terrorist incidents 23071:Eastern Partnership 23012:EEA Joint Committee 22931:European Green Deal 22901:Agricultural policy 22707:Supranational union 22198:European Commission 22156:General Secretariat 22092:European Parliament 22047:Special territories 21847:Financial stability 21381:. Bloomington, IN: 21254:City of Westminster 21014:Mather, J. (2006). 20225:20.500.11850/342557 20004:on 12 December 2015 19862:"Council of Europe" 19824:European Commission 19585:on 22 February 2013 19471:"Eur-lex.europa.eu" 19375:on 11 November 2010 19345:on 12 November 2010 18917:. Wcd.coe.int. 2001 18710:on 19 February 2007 18560:. Europa web portal 18142:European Parliament 18094:. Europa web portal 18072:. Europa web portal 18050:. Europa web portal 18028:. Europa web portal 18006:. Europa web portal 17984:. Europa web portal 17962:on 20 December 2021 17940:. 12 November 2020. 17937:European Commission 17910:European Commission 17533:. Europa web portal 17391:. BBC. 9 March 2007 17261:. RTE. 17 July 2018 16868:"The Single Market" 16690:Research Institute. 16527:. 23 November 2016. 16500:European Commission 16029:. Europa web portal 16002:. Europa web portal 15868:. Europa web portal 15767:European Parliament 15673:. Europa web portal 15655:on 10 October 2017. 15444:European Commission 15195:. Europa web portal 15104:on 28 February 2008 15098:"Sources of EU law" 14968:. eur-lex.europa.eu 14706:CVCE Education Unit 14688:European Commission 14634:European Parliament 14487:10.1017/elo.2023.27 14305:European Commission 14183:Naschert, Camilla. 14072:European Commission 13806:. 12 October 2012. 13718:on 11 February 2007 13664:. Europa web portal 13623:Wall Street Journal 13598:. Europa web portal 13000:. 15 February 1585. 12784:. Europa web portal 12710:. Europa web portal 12400:. Council of the EU 12368:European Commission 12039:on 17 November 2013 12011:Raoul George Nicolo 11569:Schuman declaration 11552:United in Diversity 11369:European Commission 11202:denominations with 10973: 10881:European Parliament 10457: 9593:in the work-place, 9418:European labour law 9246:agricultural policy 8917:Single European Sky 8876:from ships and the 8715:European Commission 8256:series (since 2013) 8089: ERM II member 7714:autonomous province 7623:Candidate countries 7577:its own visa policy 7549:Schengen Convention 7504: Schengen Area 7057:(1,100/sq mi) 7013:(4,270/sq mi) 6186:Population density 6161: 6094:Copenhagen criteria 6043:six founding states 6037:Through successive 5773:Capability approach 5695:Eastern Partnership 5649:greater oversight. 5647:European Parliament 5518:Single European Act 5394:Kompetenz-kompetenz 5306:(EPSO) is the EU's 5247:ECB Executive Board 5116:Additional branches 4904:European Parliament 4888:European Parliament 4848:European Commission 4734:European Commission 4690:European Commission 4678:European Parliament 4521:consumer protection 4381: 4347:Competences of the 3983:superseded the WEU. 3925:S: 13 December 2007 3914:S: 26 February 2001 3860:Single European Act 3730:E: 8 September 1997 3728:F: 8 September 1947 3183:F: entry into force 3163:Schuman Declaration 3063:European Commission 2857:Copenhagen criteria 2835:François Mitterrand 2778:Single European Act 2516:European Commission 2487:Schuman Declaration 2449:. Furthermore, the 2379:on the 9 May 1950 ( 2373:Schuman Declaration 2268:extreme nationalism 2216:, establishing the 2210:Europe's resistance 2147:John Maynard Keynes 2145:were made. In 1920 1993:international legal 1954:diplomatic missions 1334:Single European Act 1286:European Parliament 532:Institutional seats 491:special territories 32:EU (disambiguation) 29592:Diplomatic quartet 28600:Post-structuralism 28563:Christian humanism 28193:Universal suffrage 27747:Capital of Culture 27598:Internet users (%) 27490:Telecommunications 27257:Post-Soviet Europe 27095:predecessor states 26897:2019: The City of 26814:2009: The City of 26738:Joaquín Sanz Gadea 26468:Juan Manuel Santos 25794:George C. Marshall 25637:Carl von Ossietzky 25532:Austen Chamberlain 25398:A. M. F. Beernaert 25366:Theodore Roosevelt 25358:Bertha von Suttner 24782:Headline Goal 2010 24638:Military Committee 24259:Northern Dimension 23091:Northern Dimension 22838:Enlargement Policy 22780:(criminal matters) 22692:Multi-speed Europe 22385:European Ombudsman 22041:(first-level NUTS) 22024:Larger urban zones 21613:on Nobelprize.org 21572:The World Factbook 21508:Abingdon-on-Thames 21220:"Why we go to war" 20842:Corbett, Richard; 20737:Barnard, Catherine 20596:Abingdon-on-Thames 20367:. Cambridge Core. 20116:on 3 December 2021 20043:on 24 January 2016 19912:on 17 January 2012 19724:on 1 December 2008 19612:on 2 February 2008 19395:"Health-EU Portal" 18782:on 6 January 2016. 18586:on 2 February 2009 17912:. 7 September 2022 16674:Shorrocks, Anthony 16471:"Global Emissions" 16160:. 14 December 2023 16138:. 13 December 2022 15980:on 2 December 2010 15898:on 20 January 2016 15866:"What is Frontex?" 15788:on 2 December 2011 15769:. 17 January 2018. 15745:Arms Control Today 15132:Studia Diplomatica 15087:(Cambridge, 2019). 14845:on 12 January 2010 14385:. 16 November 2020 14359:. 16 November 2020 14242:The World Factbook 13926:The New York Times 13885:The New York Times 12944:. 10 December 2012 12893:10.1057/fp.2009.29 12851:The European Dream 12740:on 16 January 2009 12616:. Rochester, N.Y. 12432:European Community 11802:closed autocracies 11768: 11763:emblazoned on the 11675: 11591:Greek mythological 11518: 11363:Article 35 of the 11290: 10971: 10947:minority languages 10455: 9850: 9773:population density 9769: 9614:fundamental rights 9595:age discrimination 9519: 9316: 9242: 9119: 9114:control centre in 8870:maritime accidents 8826: 8760: 8690: 8645: Coal (10.9%) 8582:competition policy 8580:The EU operates a 8529: 8429: 8382: 8315:. There is also a 8258: 8183: 8104: 7990: 7893: 7829: 7748:European continent 7744: 7545:Schengen Agreement 7529: 7430:public procurement 6157: 6133:bilateral treaties 6035: 5860: 5849: 5725: 5702: 5369: 5343:European Union law 5330:prosecutory branch 5313:European Ombudsman 5288: 5074:European Union law 4894:Legislative branch 4815:head of government 4788:directorial system 4400:Shared competence 4345: 4342:three categories: 4228:European Community 3927:F: 1 December 2009 3916:F: 1 February 2003 3894:F: 1 November 1993 3892:S: 7 February 1992 3854:S: 2 December 1975 3845:S: 27 October 1970 3823:S: 21 October 1959 3794:S: 23 October 1954 3319:(EAEC or Euratom) 3135:pooled sovereignty 3112:The war in Ukraine 3055:Next Generation EU 3052: 3022:Next Generation EU 2930: 2906:joined the union. 2840:European Community 2819: 2774:Schengen Agreement 2728: 2610: 2577:Messina Conference 2439:Treaty of Brussels 2371:An excerpt of the 2274:, speaking at the 2247:in 1944 to form a 1946:external relations 1507:2023 estimate 1453:2023 estimate 374:Europeiska unionen 192:An tAontas Eorpach 18:The European Union 29890:Political systems 29822: 29821: 29715: 29714: 29709: 29708: 29516: 29515: 29363: 29362: 29164: 29163: 28991:Council of Europe 28893:International law 28846:Constitutionalism 28704:Eastern Orthodoxy 28210:Post–Cold War era 28143:Age of Revolution 27997:Greco-Roman world 27935: 27934: 27890: 27889: 27645: 27644: 27641: 27640: 27504:Intergovernmental 27448: 27447: 27444: 27443: 27402:Foreign relations 27303:GUAM Organization 27271:Intergovernmental 27215: 27214: 27128:Countries by area 27105: 27104: 27056:COVID-19 pandemic 26945: 26944: 26941: 26940: 26854: 26853: 26810:Íngrid Betancourt 26705:Save the Children 26646:Villa El Salvador 26614:Laureates of the 26581: 26580: 26442:Kailash Satyarthi 26327:Mohamed ElBaradei 26145:Mikhail Gorbachev 25840:Philip Noel-Baker 25824:Lester B. Pearson 25786:Albert Schweitzer 25567:Ferdinand Buisson 25559:Gustav Stresemann 25438:Henri La Fontaine 25299:Nobel Peace Prize 25261: 25260: 25157:Paneuropean Union 25017:Council of Europe 24834: 24833: 24830: 24829: 24826: 24825: 24817:Joint Declaration 24792:Military Mobility 24702:Security Strategy 24690: 24689: 24426: 24425: 24422: 24421: 24281: 24280: 24277: 24276: 24133:Council of Europe 24093: 24092: 24089: 24088: 23971: 23957: 23892: 23862: 23635: 23497: 23496: 23285: 23284: 23204: 23203: 23191:Telephone numbers 23131: 23130: 22906:Cultural policies 22656: 22655: 22643:Unemployment rate 22465: 22464: 22325:international-law 22318: 22317: 22308:Secretary-General 22060: 22059: 22019:Geographic centre 21976: 21975: 21876: 21875: 21818: 21817: 21597:Project Gutenberg 21521:978-0-205-72380-5 21494:978-0-7185-1428-0 21475:978-1-317-89252-6 21438:978-0-85728-410-5 21419:978-0-19-927959-3 21392:978-0-253-22303-6 21369:978-0-7456-4018-1 21350:978-0-7453-1870-7 21331:978-1-905504-10-7 21305:978-90-5629-408-3 21286:978-0-312-23120-0 21267:978-1-58542-435-1 21210:978-0-19-968169-3 21187:978-0-521-79552-4 21168:978-1-134-23440-0 21149:978-0-8223-3870-3 21130:978-90-6704-825-5 21111:978-0-230-50424-0 21092:978-0-8133-4202-3 21065:978-1-137-36234-6 21025:978-0-230-62562-4 21006:978-0-19-879337-3 20987:978-0-230-28150-9 20968:978-0-511-49705-6 20945:978-0-19-954628-2 20922:978-3-319-17780-9 20903:978-3-8474-0040-0 20884:978-0-8157-2252-6 20861:978-0-9564508-5-2 20834:978-0-19-880653-0 20815:978-1-134-45882-0 20796:978-1-138-24419-1 20777:978-0-19-957080-5 20750:978-0-19-956224-4 20728:978-0-230-50797-5 20700:978-0-19-280157-9 20677:978-0-87719-381-4 20658:978-0-521-19792-2 20631:978-1-4039-9845-3 20609:978-1-84971-469-3 20582:978-2-9600414-6-0 20563:978-0-19-957699-9 20476:978-0-230-24452-8 20382:978-0-511-49133-7 20259:(12): 3491–3545. 20162:"Media Programme" 20107:Burson-Marsteller 20073:978-3-8233-6250-0 20022:Maria Poptcheva, 19954:978-0-7509-3482-4 19945:The History Press 19665:on 3 August 2010. 19288:on 13 August 2011 19261:on 15 August 2007 19162:on 31 August 2010 18958:eur-lex.europa.eu 18835:978-3-319-03557-4 18761:on 6 January 2016 18683:. ECB. p. 26 18465:on 6 January 2016 17769:Nineteenth Report 17716:. Paris, France: 17686:. Paris, France: 17482:978-92-79-09437-8 17446:. 10 January 2007 17200:on 4 October 2008 16874:on 1 October 2007 16317:. 6 November 2009 15668:"EU battlegroups" 15548:on 11 August 2011 15436:"ECHO's finances" 15303:. 23 October 2009 15173:on 2 January 2011 15005:978-92-9079-493-6 14664:. 24 October 2013 14587:978-0-19-928395-8 14475:European Law Open 14455:978-3-030-35004-8 14338:978-1-86197-102-9 14328:Will Europe work? 14135:. September 2023. 14121:. 28 August 2023. 14107:. 3 October 2023. 13694:978-0-19-937103-7 13465:CVCE.EU by UNI.LU 13307:978-90-804983-1-0 13298:College of Europe 13088:(in German). IEG( 13018:. 10 January 2013 12877:Moravcsik, Andrew 12813:on 10 August 2011 12695:on 1 October 2007 12549:"The EU in brief" 12337:978-1-61069-248-9 12206:Assembly.coe.int. 12175:eur-lex.europa.eu 11911:outermost regions 11786:R. Daniel Kelemen 11682:fundamental right 11638:Charlemagne Prize 11614:Charles the Great 11295:Erasmus Programme 11286:Erasmus Programme 11224:Jewish population 11220:Muslim population 11161: 11160: 10781: 10780: 10435: 10434: 9635:, as well as the 9266:fishing subsidies 9179:, or the Russian 8943:, made up of the 8899:, in France. The 8842:Port of Rotterdam 8823:Port of Rotterdam 8633: Oil (31.7%) 8594:against Microsoft 8116:Maastricht Treaty 8044:trillion) of the 7965:methane emissions 7961:carbon neutrality 7815:Climate of Europe 7551:, both signed in 7396: 7395: 7386:(270/sq mi) 7379:4,233,262 km 7317:(250/sq mi) 7273:(270/sq mi) 7230:(290/sq mi) 7187:(210/sq mi) 7144:(290/sq mi) 7100:(310/sq mi) 6970:(650/sq mi) 6926:(110/sq mi) 6840:(510/sq mi) 6796:(190/sq mi) 6752:(270/sq mi) 6709:(200/sq mi) 6665:(600/sq mi) 6621:(270/sq mi) 6491:(350/sq mi) 6447:(340/sq mi) 6404:(250/sq mi) 6361:(180/sq mi) 6318:(160/sq mi) 6275:(990/sq mi) 6231:(280/sq mi) 5971:Entry/Exit System 5963:human trafficking 5526:Maastricht Treaty 5501: 5465:Foreign relations 5430:legal personality 5206: 5198:Christine Lagarde 5184: 5183: 5176: 5041: 4928: 4841:Council of Europe 4779: 4758: 4713:Branches of power 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4615: 4614: 4602:foreign, security 4582: 4581: 4552: 4551: 4474: 4473: 4442:competition rules 4415: 4414: 4404: 4403: 4393: 4392: 4268:recovery fund of 4117:intergovernmental 4090:intergovernmental 4062:legal personality 4015:legal personality 3932: 3931: 3903:S: 2 October 1997 3889:Maastricht Treaty 3825:F: 1 January 1960 3819:WEU-CoE agreement 3812:F: 1 January 1958 3781:E: 23 July 2002/— 3779:F: 23 July 1952/— 3743:F: 25 August 1948 3698:Council of Europe 3122:Since the end of 3070:COVID-19 pandemic 3066:economic recovery 3018:COVID-19 pandemic 3007:adopting the Euro 2965:Nobel Peace Prize 2954:Herman Van Rompuy 2946:legal personality 2823:Maastricht Treaty 2815:Maastricht Treaty 2794:reunified Germany 2674:Hirsch Commission 2666:Armand Commission 2475:Council of Europe 2471:College of Europe 2366: 2323:Treaty of Dunkirk 2288:European Movement 2272:Winston Churchill 2261:Potsdam Agreement 2241:Tehran Conference 2237:Moscow Conference 2183:League of Nations 2155:Paneuropean Union 1989:Maastricht Treaty 1958:represents itself 1891:according to the 1845:located primarily 1818: 1817: 1570:medium inequality 1535:• Per capita 1481:• Per capita 1168:intergovernmental 783: 769:Continental union 599:Court of Auditors 557:Council of the EU 504: (dark grey) 463: 380: 379: 332:Uniunea Europeană 262:Eiropas Savienība 108:Europäische Union 16:(Redirected from 29912: 29814: 29806: 29805: 29804: 29797: 29789: 29788: 29787: 29780: 29772: 29771: 29770: 29763: 29755: 29754: 29753: 29746: 29738: 29737: 29736: 29726: 29683: 29682: 29655: 29654: 29638: 29637: 29621: 29620: 29604: 29603: 29581: 29580: 29569: 29568: 29543: 29536: 29529: 29520: 29519: 29390: 29383: 29376: 29367: 29366: 29204: 29197: 29190: 29181: 29180: 29168: 29167: 29036:EU Customs Union 28568:Secular humanism 28516:Christian ethics 28466:East–West Schism 28449:Physical culture 28173:Great Divergence 28123:Age of Discovery 27962: 27955: 27948: 27939: 27938: 27910: 27903: 27656: 27655: 27480:Free trade areas 27463: 27462: 27459: 27458: 27230: 27229: 27226: 27225: 27116: 27115: 26996: 26995: 26972: 26965: 26958: 26949: 26948: 26860: 26859: 26786:Way of St. James 26770:Daniel Barenboim 26713:, king of Jordan 26625: 26624: 26608: 26601: 26594: 26585: 26584: 26574: 26563: 26561:Narges Mohammadi 26552: 26533: 26518: 26507: 26496: 26481: 26470: 26459: 26448: 26446:Malala Yousafzai 26433: 26422: 26411: 26392: 26381: 26370: 26368:Martti Ahtisaari 26359: 26344: 26329: 26314: 26303: 26292: 26281: 26255: 26247: 26239: 26227: 26215: 26213:José Ramos-Horta 26203: 26191: 26175: 26163: 26161:Rigoberta Menchú 26155: 26153:Aung San Suu Kyi 26147: 26139: 26131: 26123: 26115: 26107: 26099: 26091: 26083: 26071: 26063: 26055: 26047: 26035: 26027: 26025:Mairead Corrigan 26004: 25996: 25984: 25969: 25968: 25962: 25951: 25940: 25929: 25918: 25917: 25909: 25908: 25900: 25889: 25878: 25866: 25858: 25856:Dag Hammarskjöld 25850: 25842: 25834: 25826: 25818: 25817: 25811: 25810: 25804: 25796: 25788: 25780: 25761: 25753: 25745: 25744: 25738: 25726: 25714: 25706: 25698: 25697: 25691: 25690: 25684: 25683: 25677: 25676: 25670: 25669: 25663: 25655: 25647: 25639: 25631: 25629:Arthur Henderson 25623: 25615: 25614: 25608: 25596: 25594:Nathan Söderblom 25588: 25586:Frank B. Kellogg 25580: 25579: 25573: 25561: 25538: 25526: 25525: 25519: 25518: 25512: 25504: 25498:Hjalmar Branting 25492: 25484: 25476: 25475: 25469: 25461: 25460: 25454: 25453: 25447: 25446: 25440: 25432: 25424: 25412: 25404: 25392: 25380: 25368: 25360: 25352: 25344: 25336: 25324: 25288: 25281: 25274: 25265: 25264: 25147:Pacific Alliance 24861: 24854: 24847: 24838: 24837: 24787:Military Erasmus 24602:Satellite Centre 24524: 24523: 24504:European Council 24459: 24452: 24445: 24436: 24435: 24432: 24431: 24298: 24297: 24287: 24286: 24209:Energy Community 24113: 24112: 24099: 24098: 24013:Papua New Guinea 23967: 23953: 23888: 23858: 23631: 23553: 23552: 23539: 23538: 23524: 23517: 23510: 23501: 23500: 23476: 23312: 23305: 23298: 23289: 23288: 23265: 23142: 23141: 23019:Energy Community 22938:Fisheries policy 22697:Neofunctionalism 22667: 22666: 22575: 22574: 22517:Official Journal 22504:Citizens' Rights 22243:Court of Justice 22181:European Council 22129:Political groups 22080: 22079: 22071: 22070: 22042: 21987: 21986: 21767: 21766: 21735: 21734: 21680: 21679: 21659: 21652: 21645: 21636: 21635: 21623: 21622: 21618: 21606:Internet Archive 21547: 21542: 21541: 21539:Official website 21525: 21506:(5th ed.). 21498: 21479: 21460: 21442: 21423: 21396: 21373: 21354: 21335: 21320:(3rd ed.). 21309: 21290: 21271: 21242: 21240: 21238: 21214: 21191: 21172: 21153: 21134: 21115: 21096: 21080: 21069: 21050: 21029: 21010: 20991: 20972: 20949: 20926: 20907: 20888: 20865: 20838: 20819: 20800: 20781: 20765: 20754: 20732: 20704: 20692: 20681: 20662: 20643: 20613: 20594:(3rd ed.). 20586: 20567: 20538: 20537: 20527: 20503: 20497: 20496: 20487: 20481: 20480: 20456: 20446: 20437: 20436: 20400: 20394: 20393: 20391: 20389: 20358: 20352: 20351: 20345: 20337: 20301: 20295: 20294: 20276: 20244: 20238: 20237: 20227: 20217: 20193: 20182: 20181: 20179: 20177: 20158: 20152: 20151: 20149: 20147: 20142:on 28 April 2016 20132: 20126: 20125: 20123: 20121: 20115: 20100: 20092: 20086: 20085: 20059: 20053: 20052: 20050: 20048: 20033: 20027: 20020: 20014: 20013: 20011: 20009: 20000:. Archived from 19990: 19984: 19983: 19981: 19979: 19965: 19959: 19958: 19928: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19917: 19902: 19896: 19892: 19886: 19880: 19874: 19873: 19868:. Archived from 19858: 19852: 19846: 19840: 19839: 19837: 19835: 19826:. Archived from 19802: 19798: 19792: 19791: 19789: 19787: 19781: 19774: 19766: 19760: 19759: 19757: 19755: 19750:on 25 April 2013 19740: 19734: 19733: 19731: 19729: 19708: 19702: 19699: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19688: 19673: 19667: 19666: 19654: 19648: 19647: 19645: 19643: 19628: 19622: 19621: 19619: 19617: 19601: 19595: 19594: 19592: 19590: 19584: 19577: 19571:Bozoki, Andras. 19568: 19559: 19558: 19547: 19541: 19540: 19529: 19523: 19514: 19508: 19507: 19505: 19503: 19488: 19482: 19481: 19479: 19477: 19467: 19461: 19460: 19458: 19456: 19451: 19443: 19437: 19436: 19434: 19432: 19421: 19415: 19414: 19412: 19410: 19391: 19385: 19384: 19382: 19380: 19371:. Archived from 19361: 19355: 19354: 19352: 19350: 19331: 19325: 19324: 19322: 19320: 19304: 19298: 19297: 19295: 19293: 19277: 19271: 19270: 19268: 19266: 19250: 19244: 19243: 19241: 19239: 19234:on 29 April 2015 19224: 19218: 19217: 19215: 19213: 19198: 19196: 19194: 19178: 19172: 19171: 19169: 19167: 19147: 19141: 19140: 19138: 19136: 19130: 19119: 19107: 19096: 19095: 19093: 19091: 19085:jewishagency.org 19078: 19072: 19071: 19069: 19067: 19061: 19050: 19041: 19035: 19034: 19032: 19030: 19010: 19004: 19003: 19001: 18992:(3–4): 170–186. 18975: 18969: 18968: 18966: 18964: 18950: 18941: 18940: 18933: 18927: 18926: 18924: 18922: 18911: 18905: 18904: 18902: 18900: 18895:on 29 March 2007 18894: 18887: 18878: 18872: 18871: 18869: 18867: 18858:. 8 March 2010. 18853: 18846: 18840: 18839: 18819: 18813: 18812: 18807: 18805: 18799: 18790: 18784: 18783: 18781: 18770: 18762: 18760: 18754:, archived from 18753: 18745: 18739: 18738: 18726: 18720: 18719: 18717: 18715: 18699: 18693: 18692: 18690: 18688: 18682: 18673: 18667: 18666: 18664: 18662: 18647: 18641: 18640: 18638: 18636: 18620: 18614: 18613: 18602: 18596: 18595: 18593: 18591: 18576: 18570: 18569: 18567: 18565: 18549: 18543: 18542: 18540: 18538: 18524: 18515: 18509: 18508: 18506: 18504: 18490: 18481: 18475: 18474: 18472: 18470: 18464: 18458:. Archived from 18457: 18449: 18443: 18442: 18440: 18438: 18423: 18417: 18416: 18414: 18412: 18398: 18392: 18391: 18389: 18387: 18376: 18367: 18366: 18364: 18362: 18351: 18345: 18344: 18342: 18340: 18334: 18326: 18320: 18311: 18305: 18296: 18290: 18285: 18279: 18270: 18264: 18255: 18249: 18240: 18229: 18228: 18226: 18224: 18210: 18204: 18203: 18201: 18199: 18185: 18179: 18178: 18176: 18174: 18159: 18153: 18152: 18150: 18148: 18130: 18124: 18121: 18115: 18110: 18104: 18103: 18101: 18099: 18088: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18077: 18066: 18060: 18059: 18057: 18055: 18044: 18038: 18037: 18035: 18033: 18022: 18016: 18015: 18013: 18011: 18000: 17994: 17993: 17991: 17989: 17978: 17972: 17971: 17969: 17967: 17948: 17942: 17941: 17928: 17922: 17921: 17919: 17917: 17902: 17896: 17895: 17888: 17882: 17881: 17874: 17868: 17867: 17860: 17854: 17853: 17842: 17833: 17832: 17830: 17828: 17812: 17806: 17805: 17803: 17801: 17792:. Archived from 17786: 17780: 17779: 17777: 17775: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17749: 17735: 17729: 17728: 17726: 17724: 17710: 17704: 17703: 17701: 17699: 17680: 17674: 17673: 17671: 17663: 17657: 17656: 17645: 17639: 17638: 17636: 17634: 17620: 17614: 17613: 17611: 17609: 17595: 17589: 17588: 17575: 17569: 17568: 17566: 17564: 17549: 17543: 17542: 17540: 17538: 17526: 17520: 17519: 17505: 17499: 17496: 17491: 17489: 17470: 17462: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17451: 17436: 17430: 17429: 17427: 17425: 17416: 17407: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17396: 17385: 17376: 17367: 17361: 17352: 17346: 17345: 17343: 17341: 17325: 17319: 17318: 17316: 17314: 17303: 17297: 17296: 17294: 17292: 17277: 17271: 17270: 17268: 17266: 17255: 17249: 17248: 17246: 17244: 17233: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17216: 17210: 17209: 17207: 17205: 17190: 17184: 17183: 17167: 17161: 17160: 17158: 17156: 17142: 17136: 17135: 17133: 17131: 17120: 17114: 17113: 17111: 17109: 17094: 17088: 17087: 17085: 17083: 17068: 17059: 17058: 17056: 17054: 17038: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17027: 17011: 17005: 17004: 17002: 17000: 16989: 16983: 16982: 16980: 16978: 16967: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16956: 16950:Business Insider 16941: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16930: 16924: 16915: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16904: 16898: 16890: 16884: 16883: 16881: 16879: 16864: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16850: 16835: 16829: 16828: 16826: 16824: 16819:. EUobserver.com 16812: 16806: 16805: 16794: 16788: 16787: 16785: 16783: 16767: 16761: 16760: 16749: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16738: 16732: 16724: 16718: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16698: 16692: 16691: 16670: 16664: 16663: 16652: 16646: 16645: 16643: 16641: 16630: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16619: 16604: 16598: 16597: 16595: 16593: 16578: 16572: 16571: 16564: 16558: 16557: 16555: 16553: 16535: 16529: 16528: 16517: 16511: 16510: 16508: 16506: 16492: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16481: 16467: 16461: 16460: 16458: 16456: 16440: 16434: 16433: 16426: 16420: 16417: 16411: 16408: 16397: 16391: 16378: 16377: 16375: 16373: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16349: 16347: 16333: 16327: 16326: 16324: 16322: 16307: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16296: 16277: 16271: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16251: 16245: 16244: 16243:. 18 April 2014. 16233: 16227: 16226: 16224: 16222: 16210: 16204: 16203: 16201: 16199: 16176: 16170: 16169: 16167: 16165: 16154: 16148: 16147: 16145: 16143: 16128: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16117: 16102: 16096: 16095: 16093: 16091: 16076: 16067: 16066: 16064: 16062: 16048: 16039: 16038: 16036: 16034: 16018: 16012: 16011: 16009: 16007: 15996: 15990: 15989: 15987: 15985: 15969: 15960: 15959: 15957: 15955: 15940: 15934: 15933: 15931: 15929: 15914: 15908: 15907: 15905: 15903: 15894:. Archived from 15884: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15861: 15855: 15854: 15852: 15850: 15845:on 29 April 2011 15831: 15825: 15824: 15822: 15820: 15804: 15798: 15797: 15795: 15793: 15777: 15771: 15770: 15759: 15753: 15752: 15736: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15689: 15683: 15682: 15680: 15678: 15672: 15663: 15657: 15656: 15654: 15643: 15635: 15629: 15628: 15621: 15615: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15594: 15588: 15582: 15576: 15575: 15572:www.eumonitor.eu 15564: 15558: 15557: 15555: 15553: 15544:. Archived from 15538: 15532: 15531: 15529: 15527: 15521: 15513: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15488: 15482: 15465: 15452: 15451: 15450:on 18 July 2013. 15446:. Archived from 15432: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15412:. Archived from 15398: 15392: 15391: 15363: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15352: 15341: 15335: 15334: 15332: 15330: 15319: 15313: 15312: 15310: 15308: 15293: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15282: 15267: 15261: 15260: 15258: 15256: 15242: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15231: 15211: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15200: 15189: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15178: 15169:. Archived from 15163: 15157: 15147: 15145: 15143: 15129: 15120: 15114: 15113: 15111: 15109: 15094: 15088: 15083:William Phelan, 15081: 15075: 15074: 15072: 15070: 15056: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15045: 15031: 15025: 15014: 15008: 14997: 14991: 14990: 14984: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14973: 14962: 14956: 14955: 14953: 14951: 14936: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14925: 14913: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14902: 14891: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14880: 14865: 14859: 14857: 14852: 14850: 14831: 14825: 14824: 14822: 14820: 14806: 14800: 14799: 14797: 14795: 14785: 14779: 14778: 14776: 14774: 14760: 14754: 14749: 14743: 14742: 14740: 14738: 14724: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14713: 14698: 14692: 14691: 14690:. 20 April 2019. 14680: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14669: 14659: 14651: 14645: 14644: 14642: 14640: 14626: 14620: 14619: 14617: 14615: 14609: 14601: 14595: 14594: 14571: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14560: 14538: 14532: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14515: 14505: 14499: 14498: 14466: 14460: 14459: 14431: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14375: 14369: 14368: 14366: 14364: 14349: 14343: 14342: 14322: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14311: 14297: 14291: 14290: 14288: 14286: 14277: 14269: 14263: 14260: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14249: 14238:"European Union" 14234: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14220: 14210:"European Union" 14206: 14200: 14199: 14197: 14195: 14180: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14169: 14157: 14151: 14150: 14143: 14137: 14136: 14129: 14123: 14122: 14115: 14109: 14108: 14101: 14095: 14089: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14078: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14046: 14040: 14039: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14014: 14003: 13997: 13996: 13994: 13992: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13970: 13956: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13923: 13915: 13909: 13908: 13906: 13904: 13882: 13874: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13863: 13852: 13846: 13845: 13843: 13841: 13826: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13801: 13794: 13788: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13772: 13766: 13765: 13763: 13761: 13752:. Archived from 13746: 13740: 13734: 13728: 13727: 13725: 13723: 13708: 13699: 13698: 13680: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13669: 13654: 13648: 13647: 13641: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13603: 13592: 13586: 13585: 13583: 13581: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13559: 13544: 13538: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13522: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13511: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13475: 13469: 13468: 13467:. 7 August 2016. 13457: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13435: 13429: 13428: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13395: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13373: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13310:. Archived from 13284:Bekemans, Léonce 13276: 13270: 13269: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13212: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13201: 13192:. Archived from 13182: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13171: 13160: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13134: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13123: 13108: 13102: 13101: 13099: 13097: 13081: 13075: 13074: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13008: 13002: 13001: 12994: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12960: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12949: 12934: 12928: 12922: 12913: 12912: 12887:(3–4): 403–422. 12873: 12867: 12866: 12855:. Polity Press. 12854: 12841: 12835: 12829: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12803: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12769: 12767: 12756: 12750: 12749: 12747: 12745: 12726: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12715: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12662: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12611: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12563: 12557: 12556: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12523: 12517: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12494: 12488: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12472: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12441: 12435: 12416: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12394: 12388: 12387: 12381: 12379: 12374:on 14 March 2020 12354: 12345: 12344: 12315: 12294: 12291: 12285: 12282: 12276: 12273: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12262: 12248: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12237: 12223: 12217: 12202: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12171:Amsterdam Treaty 12167: 12161: 12158: 12152: 12144: 12138: 12125: 12120: 12114: 12111: 12105: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12090: 12076: 12070: 12064: 12055: 12049: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12025: 12014: 11979: 11973: 11966: 11960: 11957: 11951: 11948: 11942: 11899: 11838: 11833: 11832: 11831: 11824: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11669:headquarters in 11573:anthem of the EU 11546: 11511: 11508: 11473:Treaty of Lisbon 11329:renewable energy 11173:Treaty of Lisbon 11154: 11136: 11117: 11099: 11083: 11065: 11057:Other Christian 11049: 11040:Eastern Orthodox 11031: 11013: 10995: 10974: 10970: 10889:Court of Justice 10458: 10454: 10004: 9995: 9994: 9899: 9863: 9734: 9725: 9716: 9701: 9692: 9691:(German version) 9683: 9674: 9665: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9262:fishing industry 9169:Oberpfaffenhofen 9147:Günter Verheugen 9116:Oberpfaffenhofen 9057: 9047: 9038: 9028: 9019: 9010: 9001: 8992: 8874:marine pollution 8808:Bundesautobahn 7 8686:Energy Community 8669:Renewable energy 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8603: 8586:General Electric 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8425: 8419:EU member states 8416: 8378: 8372:EU member states 8369: 8286:reserve currency 8283: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8059: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8032: 8029: 8021: 8018: 8011: 8007: 8003: 7941:carbon emissions 7841:maritime climate 7525: 7516: Countries 7515: 7509: 7503: 7473: 7461: 7449: 7376: 7360:(60/sq mi) 7350: 7343: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7307: 7302: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7263: 7256: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7220: 7213: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7177: 7170: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7134: 7129: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7090: 7083: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7047: 7042: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7003: 6996: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6960: 6955: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6916: 6909: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6883:(75/sq mi) 6873: 6866: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6830: 6825: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6786: 6781: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6742: 6735: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6699: 6694: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6655: 6650: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6611: 6606: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6577:(41/sq mi) 6567: 6560: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6534:(75/sq mi) 6524: 6517: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6481: 6476: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6437: 6430: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6394: 6387: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6308: 6301: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6265: 6260: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6221: 6214: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6106:European Council 6100:; a functioning 6002: 5959:agency of the EU 5880:European Council 5845: 5839: 5833: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5621: 5618: 5603: 5600: 5591:humanitarian aid 5575:Humanitarian aid 5558:diplomatic corps 5554:Treaty of Lisbon 5497: 5489: 5317:ombudsman branch 5284: 5275: 5202: 5194: 5179: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5159: 5128: 5120: 5078:EU member states 5066:Court of Justice 5058:Court of Justice 5037: 5029: 4997:Court of Justice 4981:political groups 4924: 4916: 4870:for 2019–2024), 4775: 4767: 4754: 4746: 4730:European Council 4724:Executive branch 4682:European Council 4619: 4584: 4556: 4478: 4421: 4408: 4397: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4344: 4292:Treaty of Lisbon 4277:European Council 4274: 4271: 4225: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179:(€1,087 billion) 4093: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4039: 4024: 4018: 4007: 4001: 3990: 3984: 3953: 3900:Amsterdam Treaty 3883:F: 26 March 1995 3810:S: 25 March 1957 3768:Paris treaties: 3741:S: 17 March 1948 3711:Entente Cordiale 3703: 3699: 3695: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3567: 3564: 3556: 3547: 3542: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3512: 3509: 3502: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3429: 3397: 3393: 3375: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3317: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3168: 3094: 3093:750 billion 3086:European Council 3074:NextGenerationEU 2942:EU three pillars 2926:Treaty of Lisbon 2845:communist states 2654:Walter Hallstein 2394: 2368: 2367: 2245:Yalta Conference 2214:Atlantic Charter 2179:Locarno Treaties 2131:Internationalism 2000:Treaty of Lisbon 1996:juridical person 1882: 1879: 1876:(GDP) of around 1870:world population 1850: 1813: 1810: 1751: 1750: 1717: 1716: 1699: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1654: 1651:Hungarian forint 1649: 1648: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1572: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1504: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1450: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1364:Treaty of Lisbon 1352: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1133: 1131: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1091: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1068: 1066: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1052: 1042: 1040: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1003: 1001: 1000: 990: 988: 987: 977: 975: 974: 964: 962: 961: 951: 949: 948: 938: 936: 935: 925: 923: 922: 912: 910: 909: 899: 897: 896: 886: 884: 883: 873: 871: 870: 860: 858: 857: 847: 845: 844: 834: 832: 831: 821: 819: 818: 808: 806: 805: 775: 718:Eastern Orthodox 663:Official scripts 627: 604:Court of Justice 593: 575: 552:European Council 541: 526: 493: 487: 480: 477: 465: 464: 436:Anthem of Europe 423: 415: 414: 392: 376: 362: 348: 334: 320: 306: 292: 278: 264: 250: 236: 222: 208: 194: 180: 178:Union européenne 166: 152: 138: 124: 123: 110: 96: 82: 68: 67: 54: 47: 46: 39: 38: 21: 29920: 29919: 29915: 29914: 29913: 29911: 29910: 29909: 29825: 29824: 29823: 29818: 29817: 29813:from Wikivoyage 29807: 29802: 29800: 29790: 29785: 29783: 29773: 29768: 29766: 29756: 29751: 29749: 29739: 29734: 29732: 29729: 29725:sister projects 29722:at Knowledge's 29716: 29711: 29710: 29705: 29689: 29677: 29666: 29649: 29632: 29615: 29598: 29587: 29575: 29563: 29552: 29547: 29517: 29512: 29399: 29394: 29364: 29359: 29323: 29285: 29269: 29217: 29208: 29173: 29165: 29160: 29126:UKUSA Agreement 29066:Lublin Triangle 28951:Baltic Assembly 28903: 28897: 28815: 28652: 28487: 28357:Eurolinguistics 28226: 28215:Information age 28188:Interwar period 28055: 27975: 27966: 27936: 27931: 27913: 27906: 27899: 27886: 27870:Life expectancy 27858:genetic history 27829: 27764:Classical music 27711: 27700:Bologna Process 27663:Ages of consent 27637: 27547:Budget revenues 27530: 27499: 27440: 27334: 27266: 27211: 27101: 27073: 27031:Early modernity 26985: 26976: 26946: 26937: 26893:Sylvia A. Earle 26865: 26850: 26662:Stephen Hawking 26630: 26619: 26612: 26582: 26577: 26572:to be announced 26566: 26555: 26542:Ales Bialiatski 26536: 26521: 26510: 26499: 26484: 26473: 26462: 26451: 26436: 26425: 26414: 26409:Tawakkol Karman 26395: 26384: 26373: 26362: 26347: 26332: 26317: 26312:Wangari Maathai 26306: 26295: 26284: 26269: 26258: 26250: 26242: 26230: 26218: 26206: 26194: 26178: 26166: 26158: 26150: 26142: 26134: 26126: 26118: 26110: 26102: 26094: 26086: 26074: 26066: 26058: 26050: 26038: 26030: 26018: 26007: 26002:Andrei Sakharov 25999: 25987: 25982:Henry Kissinger 25972: 25966: 25965: 25954: 25943: 25932: 25921: 25913: 25912: 25904: 25903: 25892: 25881: 25869: 25861: 25853: 25845: 25837: 25829: 25821: 25815: 25814: 25808: 25807: 25799: 25791: 25783: 25775: 25764: 25756: 25748: 25742: 25741: 25729: 25717: 25709: 25701: 25695: 25694: 25688: 25687: 25681: 25680: 25674: 25673: 25667: 25666: 25658: 25650: 25642: 25634: 25626: 25618: 25612: 25611: 25606:Nicholas Butler 25599: 25591: 25583: 25577: 25576: 25564: 25555:Aristide Briand 25552: 25541: 25529: 25523: 25522: 25516: 25515: 25510:Fridtjof Nansen 25507: 25502:Christian Lange 25495: 25487: 25479: 25473: 25472: 25464: 25458: 25457: 25451: 25450: 25444: 25443: 25435: 25427: 25415: 25407: 25395: 25383: 25371: 25363: 25355: 25347: 25339: 25327: 25312: 25301: 25292: 25262: 25257: 25231: 25092:Lublin Triangle 24870: 24865: 24835: 24822: 24764: 24738: 24716: 24686: 24668: 24647: 24606: 24576: 24513: 24472: 24463: 24418: 24397: 24329: 24310:Global Strategy 24292: 24273: 24172: 24107: 24085: 24074: 24033: 24017: 23986: 23913:Northern Cyprus 23908:North Macedonia 23807: 23680: 23615: 23564: 23547: 23533: 23528: 23498: 23493: 23492: 23477: 23468: 23325: 23316: 23286: 23281: 23268: 23261: 23252: 23200: 23181:Public holidays 23127: 23101:Global Strategy 22993: 22986: 22955:Labour mobility 22848:Global Strategy 22809:Driving licence 22751: 22727:Pro-Europeanism 22652: 22564: 22489:Competition law 22461: 22439: 22433: 22416: 22410: 22394: 22377: 22371: 22326: 22324: 22314: 22289: 22254: 22224: 22208:Vice-Presidents 22167: 22102:Vice-Presidents 22056: 22040: 22034:Protected areas 22004:External border 21972: 21934: 21872: 21841: 21814: 21801: 21783: 21756: 21726: 21717:1993–2004 21712:1973–1993 21707:1958–1972 21702:1948–1957 21669: 21663: 21628: 21537: 21536: 21533: 21528: 21522: 21495: 21476: 21458: 21439: 21420: 21393: 21370: 21351: 21343:. Pluto Press. 21332: 21324:: Anforme Ltd. 21306: 21287: 21268: 21236: 21234: 21211: 21188: 21169: 21150: 21131: 21112: 21093: 21066: 21026: 21007: 20988: 20969: 20946: 20923: 20904: 20885: 20862: 20844:Jacobs, Francis 20835: 20816: 20797: 20778: 20751: 20729: 20712: 20710:Further reading 20707: 20701: 20678: 20659: 20632: 20618:McCormick, John 20610: 20583: 20564: 20547: 20542: 20541: 20504: 20500: 20488: 20484: 20477: 20447: 20440: 20401: 20397: 20387: 20385: 20383: 20359: 20355: 20339: 20338: 20302: 20298: 20245: 20241: 20194: 20185: 20175: 20173: 20172:on 21 June 2013 20160: 20159: 20155: 20145: 20143: 20134: 20133: 20129: 20119: 20117: 20113: 20098: 20094: 20093: 20089: 20074: 20060: 20056: 20046: 20044: 20035: 20034: 20030: 20021: 20017: 20007: 20005: 19992: 19991: 19987: 19977: 19975: 19967: 19966: 19962: 19955: 19941:Gloucestershire 19929: 19925: 19915: 19913: 19904: 19903: 19899: 19893: 19889: 19881: 19877: 19860: 19859: 19855: 19847: 19843: 19833: 19831: 19830:on 22 June 2006 19818: 19800: 19799: 19795: 19785: 19783: 19779: 19772: 19768: 19767: 19763: 19753: 19751: 19742: 19741: 19737: 19727: 19725: 19710: 19709: 19705: 19700: 19696: 19686: 19684: 19674: 19670: 19655: 19651: 19641: 19639: 19638:on 11 June 2007 19630: 19629: 19625: 19615: 19613: 19602: 19598: 19588: 19586: 19582: 19575: 19569: 19562: 19549: 19548: 19544: 19531: 19530: 19526: 19515: 19511: 19501: 19499: 19498:on 28 July 2013 19492:"NHSconfed.org" 19490: 19489: 19485: 19475: 19473: 19469: 19468: 19464: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19445: 19444: 19440: 19430: 19428: 19423: 19422: 19418: 19408: 19406: 19393: 19392: 19388: 19378: 19376: 19363: 19362: 19358: 19348: 19346: 19333: 19332: 19328: 19318: 19316: 19315:on 2 March 2008 19305: 19301: 19291: 19289: 19278: 19274: 19264: 19262: 19251: 19247: 19237: 19235: 19226: 19225: 19221: 19211: 19209: 19192: 19190: 19179: 19175: 19165: 19163: 19148: 19144: 19134: 19132: 19128: 19117: 19108: 19099: 19089: 19087: 19080: 19079: 19075: 19065: 19063: 19062:on 22 July 2012 19059: 19048: 19044: 19042: 19038: 19028: 19026: 19025:on 5 April 2008 19019:The Independent 19011: 19007: 18976: 18972: 18962: 18960: 18952: 18951: 18944: 18935: 18934: 18930: 18920: 18918: 18913: 18912: 18908: 18898: 18896: 18892: 18885: 18879: 18875: 18865: 18863: 18848: 18847: 18843: 18836: 18820: 18816: 18803: 18801: 18797: 18791: 18787: 18779: 18768: 18758: 18751: 18747: 18746: 18742: 18727: 18723: 18713: 18711: 18700: 18696: 18686: 18684: 18680: 18674: 18670: 18660: 18658: 18648: 18644: 18634: 18632: 18621: 18617: 18604: 18603: 18599: 18589: 18587: 18578: 18577: 18573: 18563: 18561: 18550: 18546: 18536: 18534: 18522: 18516: 18512: 18502: 18500: 18488: 18482: 18478: 18468: 18466: 18462: 18455: 18451: 18450: 18446: 18436: 18434: 18426:Keating, Dave. 18424: 18420: 18410: 18408: 18400: 18399: 18395: 18385: 18383: 18378: 18377: 18370: 18360: 18358: 18353: 18352: 18348: 18338: 18336: 18332: 18328: 18327: 18323: 18312: 18308: 18297: 18293: 18286: 18282: 18271: 18267: 18256: 18252: 18241: 18232: 18222: 18220: 18212: 18211: 18207: 18197: 18195: 18187: 18186: 18182: 18172: 18170: 18161: 18160: 18156: 18146: 18144: 18132: 18131: 18127: 18122: 18118: 18111: 18107: 18097: 18095: 18090: 18089: 18085: 18075: 18073: 18068: 18067: 18063: 18053: 18051: 18046: 18045: 18041: 18031: 18029: 18024: 18023: 18019: 18009: 18007: 18002: 18001: 17997: 17987: 17985: 17980: 17979: 17975: 17965: 17963: 17950: 17949: 17945: 17930: 17929: 17925: 17915: 17913: 17904: 17903: 17899: 17894:. 7 April 2022. 17890: 17889: 17885: 17876: 17875: 17871: 17862: 17861: 17857: 17844: 17843: 17836: 17826: 17824: 17823:on 13 June 2007 17813: 17809: 17799: 17797: 17788: 17787: 17783: 17773: 17771: 17761: 17757: 17747: 17745: 17737: 17736: 17732: 17722: 17720: 17712: 17711: 17707: 17697: 17695: 17682: 17681: 17677: 17669: 17665: 17664: 17660: 17647: 17646: 17642: 17632: 17630: 17622: 17621: 17617: 17607: 17605: 17597: 17596: 17592: 17577: 17576: 17572: 17562: 17560: 17551: 17550: 17546: 17536: 17534: 17527: 17523: 17506: 17502: 17497: 17487: 17485: 17483: 17468: 17464: 17463: 17459: 17449: 17447: 17438: 17437: 17433: 17423: 17421: 17414: 17408: 17404: 17394: 17392: 17387: 17386: 17379: 17368: 17364: 17353: 17349: 17339: 17337: 17326: 17322: 17312: 17310: 17305: 17304: 17300: 17290: 17288: 17279: 17278: 17274: 17264: 17262: 17257: 17256: 17252: 17242: 17240: 17235: 17234: 17230: 17222: 17218: 17217: 17213: 17203: 17201: 17192: 17191: 17187: 17176:Foreign Affairs 17168: 17164: 17154: 17152: 17144: 17143: 17139: 17129: 17127: 17122: 17121: 17117: 17107: 17105: 17104:on 22 June 2019 17096: 17095: 17091: 17081: 17079: 17077:The Korea Times 17069: 17062: 17052: 17050: 17049:on 21 June 2007 17039: 17035: 17025: 17023: 17022:on 10 June 2007 17012: 17008: 16998: 16996: 16991: 16990: 16986: 16976: 16974: 16969: 16968: 16964: 16954: 16952: 16942: 16938: 16928: 16926: 16922: 16916: 16912: 16902: 16900: 16896: 16892: 16891: 16887: 16877: 16875: 16866: 16865: 16858: 16848: 16846: 16837: 16836: 16832: 16822: 16820: 16813: 16809: 16796: 16795: 16791: 16781: 16779: 16768: 16764: 16751: 16750: 16746: 16736: 16734: 16730: 16726: 16725: 16721: 16710: 16708: 16700: 16699: 16695: 16671: 16667: 16654: 16653: 16649: 16639: 16637: 16632: 16631: 16627: 16617: 16615: 16605: 16601: 16591: 16589: 16579: 16575: 16570:. 21 June 2019. 16566: 16565: 16561: 16551: 16549: 16541:(3 June 2019). 16536: 16532: 16519: 16518: 16514: 16504: 16502: 16494: 16493: 16489: 16479: 16477: 16469: 16468: 16464: 16454: 16452: 16441: 16437: 16428: 16427: 16423: 16418: 16414: 16409: 16400: 16392: 16381: 16371: 16369: 16359: 16355: 16345: 16343: 16335: 16334: 16330: 16320: 16318: 16309: 16308: 16304: 16294: 16292: 16279: 16278: 16274: 16264: 16262: 16253: 16252: 16248: 16235: 16234: 16230: 16220: 16218: 16211: 16207: 16197: 16195: 16177: 16173: 16163: 16161: 16156: 16155: 16151: 16141: 16139: 16130: 16129: 16125: 16115: 16113: 16103: 16099: 16089: 16087: 16086:on 8 April 2012 16078: 16077: 16070: 16060: 16058: 16050: 16049: 16042: 16032: 16030: 16019: 16015: 16005: 16003: 15998: 15997: 15993: 15983: 15981: 15970: 15963: 15953: 15951: 15942: 15941: 15937: 15927: 15925: 15916: 15915: 15911: 15901: 15899: 15886: 15885: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15862: 15858: 15848: 15846: 15833: 15832: 15828: 15818: 15816: 15805: 15801: 15791: 15789: 15778: 15774: 15761: 15760: 15756: 15737: 15733: 15723: 15721: 15711: 15707: 15697: 15695: 15691: 15690: 15686: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15664: 15660: 15652: 15641: 15637: 15636: 15632: 15623: 15622: 15618: 15608: 15606: 15595: 15591: 15583: 15579: 15566: 15565: 15561: 15551: 15549: 15540: 15539: 15535: 15525: 15523: 15519: 15515: 15514: 15510: 15500: 15498: 15490: 15489: 15485: 15476:Wayback Machine 15466: 15455: 15434: 15433: 15429: 15419: 15417: 15399: 15395: 15364: 15360: 15350: 15348: 15343: 15342: 15338: 15328: 15326: 15321: 15320: 15316: 15306: 15304: 15295: 15294: 15290: 15280: 15278: 15269: 15268: 15264: 15254: 15252: 15244: 15243: 15239: 15229: 15227: 15220:Europa Glossary 15212: 15208: 15198: 15196: 15191: 15190: 15186: 15176: 15174: 15165: 15164: 15160: 15141: 15139: 15127: 15121: 15117: 15107: 15105: 15096: 15095: 15091: 15082: 15078: 15068: 15066: 15058: 15057: 15053: 15043: 15041: 15033: 15032: 15028: 15015: 15011: 14998: 14994: 14986: 14985: 14981: 14971: 14969: 14964: 14963: 14959: 14949: 14947: 14946:on 24 June 2007 14938: 14937: 14933: 14923: 14921: 14914: 14910: 14900: 14898: 14893: 14892: 14888: 14878: 14876: 14867: 14866: 14862: 14848: 14846: 14833: 14832: 14828: 14818: 14816: 14808: 14807: 14803: 14793: 14791: 14787: 14786: 14782: 14772: 14770: 14762: 14761: 14757: 14750: 14746: 14736: 14734: 14726: 14725: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14700: 14699: 14695: 14682: 14681: 14677: 14667: 14665: 14657: 14653: 14652: 14648: 14638: 14636: 14628: 14627: 14623: 14613: 14611: 14607: 14603: 14602: 14598: 14588: 14572: 14568: 14558: 14556: 14554: 14540: 14539: 14535: 14528:As outlined in 14527: 14523: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14506: 14502: 14467: 14463: 14456: 14432: 14428: 14418: 14416: 14411:. 8 June 2017. 14403: 14402: 14398: 14388: 14386: 14377: 14376: 14372: 14362: 14360: 14351: 14350: 14346: 14339: 14323: 14319: 14309: 14307: 14299: 14298: 14294: 14284: 14282: 14275: 14271: 14270: 14266: 14261: 14257: 14247: 14245: 14236: 14235: 14231: 14218: 14216: 14208: 14207: 14203: 14193: 14191: 14181: 14177: 14167: 14165: 14158: 14154: 14149:. 19 June 2023. 14145: 14144: 14140: 14131: 14130: 14126: 14117: 14116: 14112: 14103: 14102: 14098: 14090: 14086: 14076: 14074: 14066: 14065: 14061: 14048: 14047: 14043: 14026: 14022: 14012: 14010: 14005: 14004: 14000: 13990: 13988: 13983: 13982: 13978: 13968: 13966: 13958: 13957: 13953: 13943: 13941: 13916: 13912: 13902: 13900: 13875: 13871: 13861: 13859: 13854: 13853: 13849: 13839: 13837: 13828: 13827: 13823: 13813: 13811: 13796: 13795: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13774: 13773: 13769: 13759: 13757: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13735: 13731: 13721: 13719: 13710: 13709: 13702: 13695: 13681: 13677: 13667: 13665: 13656: 13655: 13651: 13635: 13634: 13627: 13625: 13615: 13611: 13601: 13599: 13594: 13593: 13589: 13579: 13577: 13572: 13571: 13567: 13557: 13555: 13554:. 30 April 2001 13546: 13545: 13541: 13531: 13529: 13524: 13523: 13519: 13509: 13507: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13477: 13476: 13472: 13459: 13458: 13454: 13444: 13442: 13437: 13436: 13432: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13404: 13402: 13397: 13396: 13392: 13382: 13380: 13375: 13374: 13367: 13357: 13355: 13345: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13324: 13323: 13319: 13308: 13290:, eds. (1999). 13280:Mahncke, Dieter 13277: 13273: 13238: 13234: 13224: 13222: 13214: 13213: 13209: 13199: 13197: 13184: 13183: 13179: 13169: 13167: 13162: 13161: 13157: 13147: 13145: 13136: 13135: 13131: 13121: 13119: 13109: 13105: 13095: 13093: 13082: 13078: 13055:10.2307/1882372 13035: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13010: 13009: 13005: 12996: 12995: 12991: 12981: 12979: 12961: 12957: 12947: 12945: 12936: 12935: 12931: 12923: 12916: 12881:French Politics 12874: 12870: 12863: 12842: 12838: 12830: 12826: 12816: 12814: 12807:"Schengen area" 12805: 12804: 12797: 12787: 12785: 12780: 12779: 12775: 12765: 12763: 12758: 12757: 12753: 12743: 12741: 12734:Europa Glossary 12728: 12727: 12723: 12713: 12711: 12706: 12705: 12698: 12696: 12685: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12664: 12663: 12659: 12649: 12647: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12609: 12603: 12599: 12564: 12560: 12555:. 16 June 2016. 12547: 12546: 12542: 12532: 12530: 12525: 12524: 12520: 12510: 12508: 12496: 12495: 12491: 12481: 12479: 12474: 12473: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12443: 12442: 12438: 12417: 12413: 12403: 12401: 12396: 12395: 12391: 12377: 12375: 12356: 12355: 12348: 12338: 12316: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12288: 12284:Native language 12283: 12279: 12274: 12270: 12260: 12258: 12250: 12249: 12245: 12235: 12233: 12225: 12224: 12220: 12214:Wayback Machine 12203: 12199: 12193: 12189: 12183:Wayback Machine 12168: 12164: 12159: 12155: 12145: 12141: 12121: 12117: 12112: 12108: 12102: 12098: 12088: 12086: 12078: 12077: 12073: 12058: 12056: 12052: 12042: 12040: 12027: 12026: 12017: 11980: 11976: 11967: 11963: 11958: 11954: 11949: 11945: 11933:(UTC−1 / UTC); 11900: 11896: 11892: 11834: 11829: 11827: 11820: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11761:European emblem 11753: 11744:MEDIA Programme 11725:Politico Europe 11696:as well as the 11660: 11652:Main articles: 11650: 11599:personification 11547: 11544: 11509: 11496: 11490: 11461: 11455: 11426: 11420: 11404:Castilla y León 11361: 11343: 11337: 11310:Bologna Process 11284:after whom the 11271: 11265: 11257:Main articles: 11255: 11157: 11152: 11139: 11134: 11120: 11115: 11102: 11097: 11086: 11081: 11068: 11063: 11052: 11047: 11034: 11029: 11016: 11011: 10998: 10993: 10969: 10963: 10897:language policy 10465:Native speakers 10453: 10447: 10441: 10436: 10013: 10012: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9961:Flemish Diamond 9897: 9861: 9838: 9828: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9702: 9693: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9655: 9654: 9507: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9432: 9396:Main articles: 9394: 9362: 9336: 9314: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9302: 9298: 9290: 9280: 9274: 9230: 9220: 9212:Main articles: 9210: 9173:Galileo Galilei 9102:roaming charges 9098: 9084: 9078: 9070:Main articles: 9068: 9063: 9062: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9048: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9029: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8982: 8981: 8926:aviation safety 8749: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8694:internal market 8661: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8654: 8652: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8640: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8622: 8616: 8610: 8601: 8578: 8572: 8564:Main articles: 8562: 8541:border controls 8527: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8479: 8473: 8427: 8423: 8421: 8414: 8404: 8398: 8380: 8376: 8374: 8367: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8325: 8301:price stability 8297:monetary policy 8281: 8243: 8233: 8221:Main articles: 8219: 8172: 8154: 8142:Main articles: 8140: 8102: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8072: 8066: 8057: 8048: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8030: 8027: 8019: 8016: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7979: 7973: 7939:to incorporate 7885: 7879: 7873: 7839:nature, with a 7817: 7811: 7766:, Denmark, and 7760:above sea level 7736: 7730: 7695: 7659:North Macedonia 7631: 7625: 7527: 7523: 7521: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7474: 7465: 7462: 7453: 7450: 7439: 7438: 7407: 7401: 7385: 7380: 7359: 7354: 7353:449,964 km 7330: 7328: 7316: 7311: 7310:504,030 km 7297:Founder (1993) 7286: 7284: 7272: 7267: 7243: 7241: 7229: 7224: 7200: 7198: 7186: 7181: 7180:238,391 km 7157: 7155: 7143: 7138: 7124:Founder (1993) 7113: 7111: 7099: 7094: 7093:312,685 km 7070: 7068: 7056: 7051: 7037:Founder (1993) 7026: 7024: 7012: 7007: 6983: 6981: 6969: 6964: 6950:Founder (1993) 6939: 6937: 6925: 6920: 6896: 6894: 6882: 6877: 6853: 6851: 6839: 6834: 6833:301,338 km 6820:Founder (1993) 6809: 6807: 6795: 6790: 6776:Founder (1993) 6765: 6763: 6751: 6746: 6722: 6720: 6708: 6703: 6702:131,990 km 6689:Founder (1993) 6678: 6676: 6664: 6659: 6658:357,021 km 6645:Founder (1993) 6634: 6632: 6620: 6615: 6614:640,679 km 6601:Founder (1993) 6590: 6588: 6576: 6571: 6570:338,424 km 6547: 6545: 6533: 6528: 6504: 6502: 6490: 6485: 6471:Founder (1993) 6460: 6458: 6446: 6441: 6417: 6415: 6403: 6398: 6374: 6372: 6360: 6355: 6331: 6329: 6317: 6312: 6311:110,994 km 6288: 6286: 6274: 6269: 6255:Founder (1993) 6244: 6242: 6230: 6225: 6201: 6199: 6171:Accession to EU 6158: 6087:Weimar Triangle 6071:Lublin Triangle 6051:Baltic Assembly 6031: 6000: 5998: 5992: 5927:western Balkans 5913:nuclear sharing 5889:EU Battlegroups 5847: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5820: 5802: 5796: 5745:Paris Agreement 5739:; and the 2012 5688: 5660:Main articles: 5658: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5619: 5616: 5601: 5598: 5593:from the EU to 5583: 5577: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5459:competition law 5438: 5422: 5361: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5296:auditory branch 5286: 5282: 5280: 5273: 5235:monetary policy 5219:monetary branch 5211: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5180: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5145: 5129: 5118: 5050:judicial branch 5046: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5019: 5013: 5011:Judicial branch 5005:vice-presidents 4933: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4923: 4920:Roberta Metsola 4917: 4906: 4898:Main articles: 4896: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4760: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4736: 4728:Main articles: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4706:monetary policy 4662: 4611: 4578: 4548: 4493:internal market 4470: 4380: 4326: 4314:Main articles: 4312: 4272: 4269: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4171: 4165: 4109: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4074:EU institutions 4059: 4055: 4046: 4042: 4025: 4021: 4008: 4004: 3991: 3987: 3954: 3941: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3873:Schengen Treaty 3867: 3865: 3863: 3855: 3853: 3846: 3844: 3842:Davignon report 3837: 3835: 3834:S: 8 April 1965 3833: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3801:Rome treaties: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3746: 3745:T: 30 June 2011 3744: 3742: 3740: 3737:Brussels Treaty 3731: 3729: 3727: 3726:S: 4 March 1947 3725: 3716: 3715:S: 8 April 1904 3714: 3701: 3697: 3677: 3597: 3578: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3545: 3540: 3529: 3527: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3486: 3477: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3434: 3427: 3395: 3391: 3377: 3373: 3361: 3357: 3315: 3302: 3296: 3292: 3274: 3270: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3120: 3089: 3014:economic crisis 2918: 2912: 2808: 2802: 2713: 2707: 2630:the Netherlands 2595: 2589: 2549:Truman Doctrine 2499:Treaty of Paris 2408: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2398:Treaty of Paris 2395: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2369: 2356: 2349: 2343: 2335:Truman Doctrine 2319:Yalta Agreement 2235:In 1943 at the 2167:Aristide Briand 2128: 2122: 2117: 2107: 2100: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2077: 2069: 2063: 1985:its citizenship 1880: 1877: 1848: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1688: 1687: 1673: 1672: 1658: 1657: 1643: 1642: 1628: 1627: 1613: 1612: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1556: 1544: 1536: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1502: 1490: 1482: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1444: 1432: 1422: 1414: 1397: 1387: 1369:1 December 2009 1366: 1356:1 November 1993 1353: 1346: 1336: 1323: 1308: 1306:Treaty of Paris 1282: 1267: 1244:Roberta Metsola 1240: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1202: 1187: 1152: 1141: 1139: 1128: 1126: 1115: 1113: 1102: 1100: 1089: 1087: 1076: 1074: 1063: 1061: 1050: 1048: 1037: 1035: 1024: 1022: 1011: 1009: 998: 996: 985: 983: 972: 970: 959: 957: 946: 944: 933: 931: 920: 918: 907: 905: 894: 892: 881: 879: 868: 866: 855: 853: 842: 840: 829: 827: 816: 814: 803: 801: 798: 797: 771: 748: 692: 684: 635: 629: 628: 623: 619: 595: 594: 589: 585: 577: 576: 571: 567: 543: 542: 539: 518: 507: 506: 495: 494: 488: 481: 478: 466: 441: 426: 417: 399: 394: 393: 381: 304:Unia Europejska 248:Europos Sąjunga 164:Euroopan unioni 122:Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση 66:Европейски съюз 50: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 29918: 29908: 29907: 29902: 29897: 29892: 29887: 29882: 29877: 29872: 29867: 29862: 29857: 29852: 29850:Confederations 29847: 29842: 29837: 29835:European Union 29820: 29819: 29816: 29815: 29798: 29796:from Wikibooks 29781: 29779:from Wikiquote 29764: 29747: 29720:European Union 29718: 29713: 29712: 29707: 29706: 29704: 29703: 29697: 29695: 29691: 29690: 29688: 29687: 29685:John N. Clarke 29674: 29672: 29668: 29667: 29665: 29664: 29647: 29640:United Nations 29630: 29613: 29606:European Union 29595: 29593: 29589: 29588: 29586: 29585: 29573: 29560: 29558: 29554: 29553: 29546: 29545: 29538: 29531: 29523: 29514: 29513: 29511: 29510: 29505: 29503:United Kingdom 29500: 29495: 29490: 29485: 29480: 29475: 29470: 29465: 29460: 29455: 29450: 29445: 29440: 29438:European Union 29435: 29430: 29425: 29420: 29415: 29410: 29404: 29401: 29400: 29393: 29392: 29385: 29378: 29370: 29361: 29360: 29358: 29357: 29352: 29347: 29342: 29337: 29331: 29329: 29325: 29324: 29322: 29321: 29316: 29311: 29306: 29301: 29295: 29293: 29287: 29286: 29284: 29283: 29281:European Union 29277: 29275: 29274:Representative 29271: 29270: 29268: 29267: 29262: 29260:United Kingdom 29257: 29251: 29246: 29241: 29236: 29231: 29225: 29223: 29219: 29218: 29207: 29206: 29199: 29192: 29184: 29178: 29175: 29174: 29162: 29161: 29159: 29158: 29156:Westernization 29153: 29148: 29143: 29138: 29136:Visegrád Group 29133: 29128: 29123: 29118: 29113: 29108: 29103: 29098: 29093: 29088: 29083: 29078: 29076:Nordic Council 29073: 29068: 29063: 29058: 29053: 29048: 29043: 29038: 29033: 29028: 29023: 29018: 29013: 29008: 29003: 28998: 28993: 28988: 28983: 28978: 28973: 28971:Bucharest Nine 28968: 28963: 28958: 28953: 28948: 28943: 28938: 28936:Arctic Council 28933: 28928: 28923: 28918: 28913: 28907: 28905: 28899: 28898: 28896: 28895: 28890: 28885: 28884: 28883: 28878: 28873: 28868: 28863: 28858: 28848: 28843: 28842: 28841: 28831: 28825: 28823: 28817: 28816: 28814: 28813: 28808: 28803: 28802: 28801: 28796: 28791: 28786: 28781: 28780: 28779: 28774: 28769: 28764: 28754: 28749: 28744: 28734: 28733: 28732: 28731: 28730: 28720: 28719: 28718: 28713: 28712: 28711: 28701: 28700: 28699: 28689: 28688: 28687: 28662: 28660: 28654: 28653: 28651: 28650: 28649: 28648: 28638: 28633: 28628: 28627: 28626: 28614: 28613: 28612: 28602: 28597: 28592: 28587: 28582: 28577: 28572: 28571: 28570: 28565: 28555: 28554: 28553: 28546:Existentialism 28543: 28538: 28533: 28528: 28523: 28518: 28513: 28508: 28503: 28497: 28495: 28489: 28488: 28486: 28485: 28484: 28483: 28478: 28473: 28468: 28458: 28457: 28456: 28446: 28445: 28444: 28439: 28429: 28428: 28427: 28417: 28412: 28411: 28410: 28405: 28400: 28390: 28389: 28388: 28378: 28377: 28376: 28366: 28365: 28364: 28359: 28349: 28344: 28339: 28334: 28333: 28332: 28322: 28317: 28316: 28315: 28305: 28304: 28303: 28293: 28292: 28291: 28281: 28276: 28275: 28274: 28264: 28259: 28258: 28257: 28252: 28247: 28236: 28234: 28228: 28227: 28225: 28224: 28223: 28222: 28217: 28207: 28206: 28205: 28200: 28195: 28190: 28185: 28180: 28175: 28170: 28165: 28160: 28155: 28150: 28145: 28140: 28135: 28130: 28125: 28120: 28110: 28105: 28104: 28103: 28098: 28093: 28083: 28082: 28081: 28079:Late antiquity 28071: 28065: 28063: 28057: 28056: 28054: 28053: 28048: 28043: 28038: 28033: 28032: 28031: 28030: 28029: 28024: 28014: 28009: 28004: 27994: 27989: 27983: 27981: 27977: 27976: 27965: 27964: 27957: 27950: 27942: 27933: 27932: 27930: 27929: 27924: 27919: 27912: 27911: 27904: 27896: 27895: 27892: 27891: 27888: 27887: 27885: 27884: 27879: 27878: 27877: 27867: 27862: 27861: 27860: 27850: 27845: 27839: 27837: 27831: 27830: 27828: 27827: 27813: 27808: 27807: 27806: 27801: 27796: 27786: 27781: 27776: 27771: 27766: 27761: 27760: 27759: 27757:film festivals 27749: 27744: 27739: 27738: 27737: 27732: 27721: 27719: 27713: 27712: 27710: 27709: 27708: 27707: 27702: 27692: 27687: 27686: 27685: 27675: 27670: 27665: 27659: 27653: 27647: 27646: 27643: 27642: 27639: 27638: 27636: 27635: 27630: 27625: 27620: 27615: 27610: 27605: 27600: 27595: 27590: 27585: 27580: 27579: 27578: 27568: 27567: 27566: 27556: 27555: 27554: 27544: 27538: 27536: 27532: 27531: 27529: 27528: 27523: 27518: 27513: 27507: 27505: 27501: 27500: 27498: 27497: 27492: 27487: 27482: 27477: 27472: 27466: 27456: 27450: 27449: 27446: 27445: 27442: 27441: 27439: 27438: 27433: 27432: 27431: 27421: 27416: 27415: 27414: 27404: 27399: 27394: 27389: 27388: 27387: 27382: 27372: 27367: 27362: 27361: 27360: 27355: 27344: 27342: 27340:European Union 27336: 27335: 27333: 27332: 27327: 27326: 27325: 27315: 27310: 27305: 27300: 27295: 27290: 27285: 27280: 27274: 27272: 27268: 27267: 27265: 27264: 27259: 27254: 27249: 27244: 27239: 27233: 27223: 27217: 27216: 27213: 27212: 27210: 27209: 27204: 27203: 27202: 27192: 27187: 27182: 27177: 27172: 27167: 27162: 27160:Extreme points 27157: 27155:Climate change 27152: 27147: 27142: 27137: 27136: 27135: 27125: 27119: 27113: 27107: 27106: 27103: 27102: 27100: 27099: 27098: 27097: 27087: 27081: 27079: 27075: 27074: 27072: 27071: 27066: 27053: 27048: 27043: 27038: 27033: 27028: 27023: 27021:Late antiquity 27018: 27013: 27008: 27002: 27000: 26993: 26987: 26986: 26975: 26974: 26967: 26960: 26952: 26943: 26942: 26939: 26938: 26936: 26935: 26929: 26923: 26917: 26907: 26901: 26895: 26889: 26887:European Union 26883: 26877: 26870: 26867: 26866: 26856: 26855: 26852: 26851: 26849: 26848: 26842: 26836: 26830: 26824: 26818: 26812: 26806: 26800: 26794: 26788: 26782: 26776: 26766: 26760: 26750: 26744: 26742:Muhammad Yunus 26734:Vicente Ferrer 26730: 26728:Yehudi Menuhin 26720: 26714: 26707: 26693: 26687: 26681: 26671: 26664: 26658: 26648: 26642: 26635: 26632: 26631: 26621: 26620: 26611: 26610: 26603: 26596: 26588: 26579: 26578: 26576: 26575: 26564: 26553: 26534: 26531:Dmitry Muratov 26519: 26508: 26497: 26482: 26471: 26460: 26449: 26434: 26423: 26420:European Union 26412: 26393: 26382: 26371: 26360: 26345: 26342:Muhammad Yunus 26330: 26315: 26304: 26293: 26282: 26275:United Nations 26266: 26264: 26260: 26259: 26257: 26256: 26248: 26240: 26228: 26216: 26204: 26201:Joseph Rotblat 26192: 26176: 26173:F. W. de Klerk 26169:Nelson Mandela 26164: 26156: 26148: 26140: 26132: 26124: 26116: 26108: 26100: 26092: 26084: 26072: 26064: 26056: 26048: 26045:Menachem Begin 26036: 26028: 26021:Betty Williams 26015: 26013: 26009: 26008: 26006: 26005: 25997: 25985: 25970: 25963: 25952: 25949:Norman Borlaug 25941: 25930: 25919: 25910: 25901: 25890: 25879: 25867: 25859: 25851: 25848:Albert Luthuli 25843: 25835: 25827: 25819: 25812: 25805: 25797: 25789: 25781: 25772: 25770: 25766: 25765: 25763: 25762: 25754: 25746: 25739: 25727: 25715: 25707: 25699: 25692: 25685: 25678: 25671: 25664: 25656: 25648: 25640: 25632: 25624: 25616: 25609: 25597: 25589: 25581: 25574: 25562: 25549: 25547: 25543: 25542: 25540: 25539: 25527: 25520: 25513: 25505: 25493: 25490:Léon Bourgeois 25485: 25482:Woodrow Wilson 25477: 25470: 25462: 25455: 25448: 25441: 25433: 25425: 25413: 25405: 25393: 25386:Klas Arnoldson 25381: 25374:Ernesto Moneta 25369: 25361: 25353: 25345: 25337: 25325: 25322:Frédéric Passy 25309: 25307: 25303: 25302: 25291: 25290: 25283: 25276: 25268: 25259: 25258: 25256: 25255: 25250: 25245: 25239: 25237: 25233: 25232: 25230: 25229: 25224: 25219: 25217:Visegrád Group 25214: 25209: 25204: 25199: 25194: 25189: 25184: 25179: 25174: 25169: 25164: 25159: 25154: 25149: 25144: 25139: 25134: 25129: 25124: 25119: 25114: 25109: 25107:Nordic Council 25104: 25099: 25094: 25089: 25084: 25079: 25074: 25069: 25064: 25059: 25054: 25052:European Union 25049: 25044: 25039: 25034: 25029: 25024: 25019: 25014: 25009: 25004: 24999: 24994: 24989: 24984: 24979: 24974: 24969: 24964: 24959: 24957:Bucharest Nine 24954: 24949: 24944: 24939: 24934: 24929: 24924: 24919: 24914: 24909: 24904: 24899: 24897:Arctic Council 24894: 24889: 24884: 24878: 24876: 24872: 24871: 24864: 24863: 24856: 24849: 24841: 24832: 24831: 24828: 24827: 24824: 24823: 24821: 24820: 24809:NATO relations 24806: 24801: 24795: 24789: 24784: 24779: 24772: 24770: 24766: 24765: 24763: 24762: 24757: 24752: 24746: 24744: 24740: 24739: 24737: 24736: 24730: 24724: 24722: 24718: 24717: 24715: 24714: 24709: 24704: 24698: 24696: 24692: 24691: 24688: 24687: 24685: 24684: 24678: 24676: 24670: 24669: 24667: 24666: 24660: 24658: 24649: 24648: 24646: 24645: 24640: 24635: 24630: 24625: 24619: 24617: 24608: 24607: 24605: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24592:Defence Agency 24588: 24586: 24578: 24577: 24575: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24554: 24543:Military Staff 24534: 24532: 24521: 24515: 24514: 24512: 24511: 24506: 24501: 24496: 24491: 24486: 24480: 24478: 24474: 24473: 24470:European Union 24462: 24461: 24454: 24447: 24439: 24428: 24427: 24424: 24423: 24420: 24419: 24417: 24416: 24411: 24405: 24403: 24399: 24398: 24396: 24395: 24390: 24376: 24371: 24366: 24358: 24353: 24348: 24343: 24337: 24335: 24334:Administration 24331: 24330: 24328: 24327: 24322: 24317: 24312: 24306: 24304: 24294: 24293: 24283: 24282: 24279: 24278: 24275: 24274: 24272: 24271: 24266: 24261: 24256: 24251: 24246: 24241: 24236: 24231: 24226: 24221: 24216: 24211: 24206: 24201: 24196: 24191: 24186: 24180: 24178: 24174: 24173: 24171: 24170: 24165: 24160: 24155: 24150: 24145: 24140: 24135: 24130: 24125: 24119: 24117: 24109: 24108: 24095: 24094: 24091: 24090: 24087: 24086: 24084: 24083: 24079: 24076: 24075: 24073: 24072: 24067: 24062: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24041: 24039: 24035: 24034: 24032: 24031: 24025: 24023: 24019: 24018: 24016: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23994: 23992: 23988: 23987: 23985: 23984: 23979: 23977:United Kingdom 23974: 23973: 23972: 23960: 23959: 23958: 23946: 23941: 23936: 23931: 23926: 23921: 23916: 23910: 23905: 23900: 23895: 23894: 23893: 23881: 23876: 23870: 23865: 23864: 23863: 23851: 23846: 23841: 23836: 23831: 23826: 23821: 23815: 23813: 23809: 23808: 23806: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23769: 23764: 23759: 23754: 23749: 23744: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23719: 23714: 23709: 23704: 23699: 23694: 23688: 23686: 23682: 23681: 23679: 23678: 23673: 23668: 23663: 23658: 23653: 23648: 23643: 23638: 23637: 23636: 23623: 23621: 23617: 23616: 23614: 23613: 23608: 23603: 23598: 23593: 23588: 23583: 23578: 23572: 23570: 23566: 23565: 23549: 23548: 23535: 23534: 23527: 23526: 23519: 23512: 23504: 23495: 23494: 23490:Former members 23482: 23479: 23478: 23471: 23469: 23467: 23466: 23461: 23456: 23451: 23446: 23441: 23436: 23431: 23426: 23421: 23416: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23391: 23386: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23366: 23361: 23359:Czech Republic 23356: 23351: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23330: 23327: 23326: 23323:European Union 23315: 23314: 23307: 23300: 23292: 23283: 23282: 23280: 23279: 23274: 23267: 23266: 23258: 23257: 23254: 23253: 23251: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23235: 23230: 23225: 23220: 23214: 23212: 23206: 23205: 23202: 23201: 23199: 23198: 23193: 23188: 23183: 23178: 23173: 23168: 23166:Laissez-passer 23163: 23158: 23153: 23145: 23139: 23133: 23132: 23129: 23128: 23126: 23125: 23124: 23123: 23118: 23116:Current agenda 23108: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23063: 23058: 23053: 23048: 23047: 23046: 23036: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23016: 23015: 23014: 23004: 22998: 22996: 22988: 22987: 22985: 22984: 22983: 22982: 22977: 22975:Sport policies 22972: 22967: 22962: 22957: 22952: 22951: 22950: 22940: 22935: 22934: 22933: 22923: 22918: 22913: 22908: 22903: 22893: 22892: 22891: 22890: 22889: 22879: 22878: 22877: 22872: 22862: 22852: 22851: 22850: 22845: 22840: 22835: 22834: 22833: 22818: 22817: 22816: 22811: 22806: 22796: 22791: 22786: 22781: 22775: 22770: 22759: 22757: 22753: 22752: 22750: 22749: 22744: 22739: 22734: 22729: 22724: 22722:Federalisation 22719: 22714: 22712:Euroscepticism 22709: 22704: 22699: 22694: 22689: 22684: 22679: 22673: 22671: 22664: 22658: 22657: 22654: 22653: 22651: 22650: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22629: 22628: 22618: 22617: 22616: 22615: 22614: 22599: 22594: 22589: 22584: 22578: 22572: 22566: 22565: 22563: 22562: 22561: 22560: 22555: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22530: 22525: 22520: 22513: 22508: 22507: 22506: 22496: 22491: 22486: 22481: 22475: 22473: 22467: 22466: 22463: 22462: 22460: 22459: 22454: 22449: 22443: 22441: 22435: 22434: 22432: 22431: 22426: 22420: 22418: 22412: 22411: 22409: 22408: 22402: 22400: 22396: 22395: 22393: 22392: 22387: 22381: 22379: 22373: 22372: 22370: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22353: 22352: 22349: 22344: 22336: 22330: 22328: 22320: 22319: 22316: 22315: 22313: 22312: 22311: 22310: 22299: 22297: 22291: 22290: 22288: 22287: 22286: 22285: 22280: 22275: 22264: 22262: 22256: 22255: 22253: 22252: 22251: 22250: 22245: 22234: 22232: 22226: 22225: 22223: 22222: 22221: 22220: 22215: 22210: 22205: 22195: 22194: 22193: 22188: 22177: 22175: 22169: 22168: 22166: 22165: 22164: 22163: 22158: 22153: 22143: 22142: 22141: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22125: 22124: 22122:Constituencies 22114: 22109: 22104: 22099: 22088: 22086: 22077: 22068: 22062: 22061: 22058: 22057: 22055: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22036: 22031: 22026: 22021: 22016: 22014:Extreme points 22011: 22006: 22001: 21996: 21990: 21984: 21978: 21977: 21974: 21973: 21971: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21944: 21942: 21936: 21935: 21933: 21932: 21927: 21922: 21917: 21912: 21907: 21902: 21897: 21892: 21886: 21884: 21878: 21877: 21874: 21873: 21871: 21870: 21861: 21851: 21849: 21843: 21842: 21840: 21839: 21834: 21828: 21826: 21820: 21819: 21816: 21815: 21813: 21812: 21806: 21803: 21802: 21800: 21799: 21794: 21788: 21785: 21784: 21782: 21781: 21776: 21770: 21764: 21758: 21757: 21755: 21754: 21749: 21743: 21741: 21739:Defence policy 21732: 21728: 21727: 21725: 21724: 21719: 21714: 21709: 21704: 21699: 21694: 21688: 21686: 21677: 21671: 21670: 21668: articles 21666:European Union 21662: 21661: 21654: 21647: 21639: 21633: 21630: 21629: 21620: 21619: 21611:European Union 21608: 21599: 21590: 21580: 21567:European Union 21564: 21559: 21551:European Union 21548: 21532: 21531:External links 21529: 21527: 21526: 21520: 21499: 21493: 21480: 21474: 21461: 21456: 21443: 21437: 21424: 21418: 21401: 21391: 21374: 21368: 21355: 21349: 21336: 21330: 21314:Smith, Charles 21310: 21304: 21291: 21285: 21272: 21266: 21258:TarcherPerigee 21243: 21215: 21209: 21192: 21186: 21173: 21167: 21154: 21148: 21135: 21129: 21116: 21110: 21097: 21091: 21083:Westview Press 21070: 21064: 21051: 21030: 21024: 21011: 21005: 20992: 20986: 20973: 20967: 20950: 20944: 20927: 20921: 20908: 20902: 20889: 20883: 20866: 20860: 20839: 20833: 20820: 20814: 20801: 20795: 20782: 20776: 20755: 20749: 20733: 20727: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20705: 20699: 20682: 20676: 20663: 20657: 20644: 20630: 20614: 20608: 20587: 20581: 20568: 20562: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20540: 20539: 20518:(3): 481–499. 20498: 20482: 20475: 20438: 20411:(3): 471–490. 20395: 20381: 20353: 20312:(3): 563–593. 20296: 20265:10.1086/716560 20239: 20183: 20153: 20127: 20087: 20072: 20054: 20028: 20015: 19994:"Winners 2015" 19985: 19960: 19953: 19923: 19897: 19887: 19885:, p. 387. 19875: 19853: 19851:, p. 110. 19841: 19808:(1996), p. 3: 19793: 19782:on 28 May 2009 19761: 19735: 19703: 19694: 19668: 19649: 19623: 19596: 19560: 19542: 19524: 19509: 19483: 19462: 19438: 19416: 19386: 19356: 19326: 19299: 19272: 19245: 19219: 19189:on 3 July 2007 19173: 19142: 19131:on 24 May 2006 19097: 19073: 19036: 19005: 18970: 18942: 18928: 18906: 18873: 18841: 18834: 18814: 18785: 18740: 18721: 18694: 18668: 18642: 18615: 18597: 18571: 18544: 18510: 18476: 18444: 18418: 18393: 18368: 18346: 18321: 18306: 18291: 18280: 18265: 18250: 18230: 18205: 18180: 18154: 18125: 18116: 18105: 18083: 18061: 18039: 18017: 17995: 17973: 17943: 17923: 17897: 17883: 17869: 17855: 17834: 17807: 17796:on 29 May 2010 17781: 17755: 17730: 17705: 17675: 17658: 17640: 17615: 17590: 17587:. 18 May 2022. 17570: 17544: 17521: 17500: 17481: 17457: 17431: 17402: 17377: 17362: 17347: 17320: 17298: 17287:. 17 July 2018 17272: 17250: 17228: 17211: 17185: 17162: 17137: 17115: 17089: 17060: 17033: 17006: 16984: 16962: 16936: 16910: 16885: 16856: 16830: 16807: 16802:euobserver.com 16789: 16778:on 18 May 2007 16762: 16744: 16719: 16693: 16665: 16647: 16625: 16614:. The Guardian 16599: 16573: 16559: 16530: 16512: 16487: 16462: 16435: 16421: 16412: 16398: 16379: 16353: 16328: 16302: 16272: 16261:. 3 March 2022 16246: 16228: 16205: 16171: 16149: 16123: 16097: 16068: 16040: 16013: 15991: 15961: 15950:on 5 July 2007 15935: 15924:on 1 June 2009 15909: 15879: 15856: 15826: 15815:on 30 May 2013 15799: 15772: 15754: 15731: 15705: 15684: 15658: 15630: 15616: 15589: 15587:, p. 100. 15585:Wilkinson 2007 15577: 15559: 15533: 15508: 15483: 15453: 15427: 15416:on 9 June 2007 15393: 15374:(5): 761–780. 15358: 15336: 15314: 15288: 15262: 15237: 15226:on 8 July 2007 15206: 15184: 15158: 15115: 15089: 15076: 15051: 15026: 15009: 14992: 14979: 14957: 14931: 14920:. Fairvote.org 14908: 14886: 14875:on 3 July 2007 14860: 14826: 14801: 14780: 14755: 14744: 14732:European Union 14719: 14693: 14675: 14646: 14621: 14596: 14586: 14566: 14552: 14533: 14521: 14500: 14481:(2): 345–371. 14461: 14454: 14426: 14396: 14370: 14344: 14337: 14317: 14292: 14264: 14255: 14229: 14201: 14189:S&P Global 14175: 14152: 14138: 14124: 14110: 14096: 14084: 14059: 14041: 14020: 13998: 13976: 13951: 13910: 13869: 13847: 13821: 13804:New York Times 13789: 13767: 13756:on 15 May 2016 13741: 13739:, p. 448. 13729: 13700: 13693: 13675: 13649: 13609: 13587: 13565: 13539: 13517: 13495: 13470: 13452: 13430: 13412: 13390: 13365: 13339: 13317: 13306: 13271: 13232: 13207: 13196:on 5 June 2023 13177: 13155: 13144:. 8 March 1946 13129: 13103: 13076: 13029: 13003: 12989: 12955: 12929: 12914: 12868: 12861: 12845:Rifkin, Jeremy 12836: 12832:McCormick 2007 12824: 12795: 12773: 12751: 12721: 12679: 12657: 12635: 12597: 12578:(3): 367–385. 12558: 12553:European Union 12540: 12518: 12489: 12462: 12436: 12411: 12389: 12346: 12336: 12309: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12295: 12286: 12277: 12268: 12243: 12218: 12197: 12187: 12162: 12153: 12139: 12124:3 October 1990 12115: 12106: 12096: 12071: 12050: 12015: 11974: 11961: 11952: 11943: 11903:Canary Islands 11893: 11891: 11888: 11887: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11864:Euroscepticism 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11840: 11839: 11825: 11809: 11806: 11752: 11749: 11702:EU enlargement 11649: 11646: 11622:Carolus Magnus 11608:euro banknotes 11587:ninth symphony 11542: 11524:consists of a 11522:flag of Europe 11489: 11486: 11457:Main article: 11454: 11451: 11449:of that city. 11422:Main article: 11419: 11416: 11392:Western Europe 11388:Eastern Europe 11339:Main article: 11336: 11333: 11254: 11251: 11159: 11158: 11155: 11150: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11137: 11132: 11129: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11113: 11110: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11095: 11092: 11088: 11087: 11084: 11079: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11066: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11053: 11050: 11045: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11027: 11024: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11009: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10996: 10991: 10988: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10965:Main article: 10962: 10959: 10779: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10749: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10707: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10671: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10645: 10642: 10638: 10637: 10634: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10621: 10618: 10612: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10595: 10592: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10569: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10543: 10540: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10527: 10521: 10520: 10517: 10514: 10510: 10509: 10506: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10480: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10462: 10443:Main article: 10440: 10437: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10427:Czech Republic 10424: 10417: 10414: 10411: 10406: 10399: 10395: 10394: 10391: 10386: 10379: 10376: 10373: 10368: 10361: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10348: 10341: 10338: 10335: 10330: 10323: 10319: 10318: 10315: 10310: 10303: 10300: 10297: 10292: 10285: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10272: 10265: 10262: 10259: 10254: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10239: 10234: 10227: 10224: 10221: 10216: 10209: 10205: 10204: 10201: 10196: 10189: 10186: 10183: 10178: 10171: 10167: 10166: 10163: 10158: 10151: 10148: 10145: 10140: 10133: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10120: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10102: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10082: 10075: 10072: 10069: 10064: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10006: 10001: 9998: 9993: 9827: 9824: 9747:Main article: 9744: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9727: 9720: 9718: 9703: 9696: 9694: 9685: 9678: 9676: 9667: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9459:Main article: 9456: 9453: 9393: 9390: 9335: 9332: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9276:Main article: 9273: 9270: 9209: 9206: 9067: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9049: 9042: 9040: 9030: 9023: 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article: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7344: 7342:1 January 1995 7339: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7301:1 January 1986 7298: 7295: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7274: 7269: 7266:20,273 km 7264: 7259: 7257: 7252: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7226: 7223:49,035 km 7221: 7216: 7214: 7209: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7171: 7169:1 January 2007 7166: 7152: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7140: 7137:92,390 km 7135: 7130: 7128:1 January 1986 7125: 7122: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7079: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7053: 7050:41,543 km 7048: 7043: 7038: 7035: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6997: 6992: 6978: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6948: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6922: 6919:65,200 km 6917: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6879: 6876:64,589 km 6874: 6869: 6867: 6862: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6792: 6789:70,273 km 6787: 6782: 6780:1 January 1973 6777: 6774: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6748: 6745:93,030 km 6743: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6693:1 January 1981 6690: 6687: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6643: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6559:1 January 1995 6556: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6530: 6527:45,227 km 6525: 6520: 6518: 6513: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6487: 6484:43,075 km 6482: 6477: 6475:1 January 1973 6472: 6469: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6443: 6440:78,866 km 6438: 6433: 6431: 6426: 6424:Czech Republic 6412: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6388: 6383: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6354:56,594 km 6352: 6347: 6345: 6340: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6302: 6300:1 January 2007 6297: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6271: 6268:30,528 km 6266: 6261: 6256: 6253: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6227: 6224:83,855 km 6222: 6217: 6215: 6213:1 January 1995 6210: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6102:market economy 6083:Visegrád Group 6059:Bucharest Nine 5994:Main article: 5991: 5988: 5901:permanent seat 5857:Military Staff 5842: 5836: 5830: 5798:Main article: 5795: 5792: 5755:, prosperity, 5657: 5654: 5576: 5573: 5524:(CFSP) by the 5491: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5469:Main article: 5466: 5463: 5437: 5434: 5421: 5418: 5414:Robert Lecourt 5341:Main article: 5338: 5335: 5328:(EPPO) is the 5322:Emily O'Reilly 5281: 5272: 5251:euro banknotes 5196: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5132: 5130: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5031: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5015:Main article: 5012: 5009: 4918: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4895: 4892: 4827:treaty changes 4799:Charles Michel 4769: 4762: 4761: 4750:Charles Michel 4748: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4725: 4722: 4717:Main article: 4714: 4711: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4504: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4364: 4356: 4349:European Union 4311: 4308: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4167:Main article: 4164: 4161: 4153:EU regulations 4105:Main article: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4053: 4040: 4034:(TEU) and the 4019: 4002: 3985: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3929: 3920: 3918: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3885: 3870: 3868: 3866:F: 1 July 1987 3858: 3856: 3849: 3847: 3840: 3838: 3836:F: 1 July 1967 3829: 3827: 3816: 3814: 3800: 3798: 3785: 3783: 3767: 3765: 3749: 3747: 3734: 3732: 3722:Dunkirk Treaty 3719: 3717: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3583: 3569: 3568: 3551: 3548: 3537: 3533: 3514: 3513: 3497: 3493: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3447: 3439: 3438: 3431: 3428:Schengen Rules 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3299: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3271:European Union 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3188:T: termination 3155:European Union 3119: 3116: 3016:caused by the 2914:Main article: 2911: 2908: 2804:Main article: 2801: 2798: 2736:United Kingdom 2709:Main article: 2706: 2703: 2699:Rey Commission 2670:Étienne Hirsch 2638:Treaty of Rome 2603:Treaty of Rome 2591:Main article: 2588: 2585: 2551:. In 1954 the 2497:and draft the 2463:Hague Congress 2396: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2377:Robert Schuman 2370: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2345:Main article: 2342: 2339: 2331:United Kingdom 2300:decolonization 2298:to direct the 2222:United Nations 2208:of 1941, when 2191:federal Europe 2121: 2118: 2096:Main article: 2093: 2090: 2078: 2070: 2065:Main article: 2062: 2059: 1962:United Nations 1940:. Through the 1837:economic union 1822:European Union 1816: 1815: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1685: 1670: 1655: 1640: 1625: 1610: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1559: 1549: 1548: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1495: 1494: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1431:• Density 1430: 1427: 1426: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1326:1 January 1958 1324: 1320:Treaty of Rome 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1191:Charles Michel 1188: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1137: 1124: 1111: 1098: 1085: 1072: 1059: 1046: 1033: 1020: 1007: 994: 981: 968: 955: 942: 929: 916: 903: 890: 877: 875:Czech Republic 864: 851: 838: 825: 812: 793: 792: 791: 789: 785: 784: 766: 762: 761: 756: 750: 749: 747: 746: 740: 734: 728: 727: 726: 720: 714: 708: 695: 693: 690: 686: 685: 683: 682: 677: 672: 666: 664: 660: 659: 654: 650: 649: 644: 637: 636: 634: 633: 622: 621: 620: 618: 617: 614: 609: 606: 601: 588: 587: 586: 584: 583: 570: 569: 568: 566: 565: 564:(secondary) 559: 554: 549: 538: 537: 536: 534: 528: 527: 513: 509: 508: 497: 496: 482: 472: 471: 468: 467: 439: 428: 427: 424: 401: 400: 395: 387: 386: 383: 382: 378: 377: 370: 364: 363: 360:Evropska unija 356: 350: 349: 342: 336: 335: 328: 322: 321: 318:União Europeia 314: 308: 307: 300: 294: 293: 286: 280: 279: 276:Unjoni Ewropea 272: 266: 265: 258: 252: 251: 244: 238: 237: 234:Unione europea 230: 224: 223: 216: 210: 209: 206:Europska unija 202: 196: 195: 188: 182: 181: 174: 168: 167: 160: 154: 153: 146: 140: 139: 132: 126: 125: 118: 112: 111: 104: 98: 97: 90: 84: 83: 76: 70: 69: 62: 56: 55: 45: 43:European Union 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 29917: 29906: 29903: 29901: 29898: 29896: 29893: 29891: 29888: 29886: 29883: 29881: 29878: 29876: 29873: 29871: 29868: 29866: 29863: 29861: 29858: 29856: 29853: 29851: 29848: 29846: 29843: 29841: 29838: 29836: 29833: 29832: 29830: 29812: 29811: 29810:Travel guides 29799: 29795: 29794: 29782: 29778: 29777: 29765: 29762:from Wikinews 29761: 29760: 29748: 29744: 29743: 29731: 29730: 29727: 29721: 29702: 29699: 29698: 29696: 29692: 29686: 29681: 29676: 29675: 29673: 29671:Special Envoy 29669: 29662: 29658: 29657:United States 29653: 29648: 29645: 29641: 29636: 29631: 29628: 29624: 29619: 29614: 29611: 29607: 29602: 29597: 29596: 29594: 29590: 29584: 29579: 29574: 29572: 29567: 29562: 29561: 29559: 29555: 29551: 29544: 29539: 29537: 29532: 29530: 29525: 29524: 29521: 29509: 29508:United States 29506: 29504: 29501: 29499: 29496: 29494: 29491: 29489: 29486: 29484: 29481: 29479: 29476: 29474: 29471: 29469: 29466: 29464: 29461: 29459: 29456: 29454: 29451: 29449: 29446: 29444: 29441: 29439: 29436: 29434: 29431: 29429: 29426: 29424: 29421: 29419: 29416: 29414: 29411: 29409: 29408:African Union 29406: 29405: 29402: 29398: 29391: 29386: 29384: 29379: 29377: 29372: 29371: 29368: 29356: 29353: 29351: 29348: 29346: 29343: 29341: 29338: 29336: 29333: 29332: 29330: 29326: 29320: 29317: 29315: 29312: 29310: 29307: 29305: 29302: 29300: 29297: 29296: 29294: 29292: 29288: 29282: 29279: 29278: 29276: 29272: 29266: 29265:United States 29263: 29261: 29258: 29255: 29252: 29250: 29247: 29245: 29242: 29240: 29237: 29235: 29232: 29230: 29227: 29226: 29224: 29220: 29216: 29212: 29205: 29200: 29198: 29193: 29191: 29186: 29185: 29182: 29176: 29169: 29157: 29154: 29152: 29149: 29147: 29144: 29142: 29139: 29137: 29134: 29132: 29129: 29127: 29124: 29122: 29119: 29117: 29114: 29112: 29109: 29107: 29104: 29102: 29101:PROSUR/PROSUL 29099: 29097: 29094: 29092: 29089: 29087: 29084: 29082: 29079: 29077: 29074: 29072: 29069: 29067: 29064: 29062: 29059: 29057: 29054: 29052: 29049: 29047: 29044: 29042: 29039: 29037: 29034: 29032: 29029: 29027: 29024: 29022: 29019: 29017: 29014: 29012: 29009: 29007: 29004: 29002: 28999: 28997: 28996:Craiova Group 28994: 28992: 28989: 28987: 28984: 28982: 28979: 28977: 28974: 28972: 28969: 28967: 28964: 28962: 28959: 28957: 28954: 28952: 28949: 28947: 28944: 28942: 28939: 28937: 28934: 28932: 28929: 28927: 28924: 28922: 28919: 28917: 28914: 28912: 28911:ABCANZ Armies 28909: 28908: 28906: 28900: 28894: 28891: 28889: 28886: 28882: 28879: 28877: 28874: 28872: 28869: 28867: 28864: 28862: 28859: 28857: 28854: 28853: 28852: 28849: 28847: 28844: 28840: 28837: 28836: 28835: 28832: 28830: 28827: 28826: 28824: 28822: 28818: 28812: 28809: 28807: 28804: 28800: 28797: 28795: 28792: 28790: 28787: 28785: 28782: 28778: 28775: 28773: 28770: 28768: 28765: 28763: 28760: 28759: 28758: 28755: 28753: 28750: 28748: 28745: 28743: 28740: 28739: 28738: 28735: 28729: 28726: 28725: 28724: 28721: 28717: 28716:Protestantism 28714: 28710: 28707: 28706: 28705: 28702: 28698: 28695: 28694: 28693: 28690: 28686: 28682: 28679: 28678: 28677: 28674: 28673: 28672: 28669: 28668: 28667: 28664: 28663: 28661: 28659: 28655: 28647: 28644: 28643: 28642: 28639: 28637: 28636:Sovereigntism 28634: 28632: 28629: 28625: 28624: 28620: 28619: 28618: 28615: 28611: 28608: 28607: 28606: 28603: 28601: 28598: 28596: 28593: 28591: 28588: 28586: 28583: 28581: 28578: 28576: 28573: 28569: 28566: 28564: 28561: 28560: 28559: 28556: 28552: 28549: 28548: 28547: 28544: 28542: 28539: 28537: 28534: 28532: 28531:Scholasticism 28529: 28527: 28524: 28522: 28519: 28517: 28514: 28512: 28509: 28507: 28504: 28502: 28499: 28498: 28496: 28494: 28490: 28482: 28479: 28477: 28474: 28472: 28469: 28467: 28464: 28463: 28462: 28459: 28455: 28452: 28451: 28450: 28447: 28443: 28440: 28438: 28435: 28434: 28433: 28430: 28426: 28423: 28422: 28421: 28418: 28416: 28413: 28409: 28406: 28404: 28401: 28399: 28396: 28395: 28394: 28391: 28387: 28384: 28383: 28382: 28379: 28375: 28372: 28371: 28370: 28367: 28363: 28360: 28358: 28355: 28354: 28353: 28350: 28348: 28345: 28343: 28340: 28338: 28335: 28331: 28328: 28327: 28326: 28323: 28321: 28318: 28314: 28311: 28310: 28309: 28306: 28302: 28299: 28298: 28297: 28294: 28290: 28287: 28286: 28285: 28282: 28280: 28277: 28273: 28270: 28269: 28268: 28265: 28263: 28260: 28256: 28253: 28251: 28248: 28246: 28243: 28242: 28241: 28238: 28237: 28235: 28233: 28229: 28221: 28220:War on terror 28218: 28216: 28213: 28212: 28211: 28208: 28204: 28201: 28199: 28196: 28194: 28191: 28189: 28186: 28184: 28181: 28179: 28176: 28174: 28171: 28169: 28166: 28164: 28161: 28159: 28156: 28154: 28151: 28149: 28146: 28144: 28141: 28139: 28136: 28134: 28131: 28129: 28126: 28124: 28121: 28119: 28116: 28115: 28114: 28113:Modern period 28111: 28109: 28106: 28102: 28099: 28097: 28094: 28092: 28089: 28088: 28087: 28084: 28080: 28077: 28076: 28075: 28072: 28070: 28067: 28066: 28064: 28062: 28058: 28052: 28049: 28047: 28044: 28042: 28039: 28037: 28034: 28028: 28025: 28023: 28020: 28019: 28018: 28015: 28013: 28010: 28008: 28005: 28003: 28000: 27999: 27998: 27995: 27993: 27990: 27988: 27985: 27984: 27982: 27978: 27974: 27970: 27969:Western world 27963: 27958: 27956: 27951: 27949: 27944: 27943: 27940: 27928: 27925: 27923: 27920: 27918: 27915: 27914: 27909: 27905: 27902: 27898: 27897: 27893: 27883: 27880: 27876: 27873: 27872: 27871: 27868: 27866: 27863: 27859: 27856: 27855: 27854: 27853:Ethnic groups 27851: 27849: 27846: 27844: 27841: 27840: 27838: 27836: 27832: 27825: 27821: 27817: 27814: 27812: 27809: 27805: 27802: 27800: 27797: 27795: 27792: 27791: 27790: 27787: 27785: 27782: 27780: 27777: 27775: 27772: 27770: 27767: 27765: 27762: 27758: 27755: 27754: 27753: 27750: 27748: 27745: 27743: 27740: 27736: 27733: 27731: 27728: 27727: 27726: 27723: 27722: 27720: 27718: 27714: 27706: 27703: 27701: 27698: 27697: 27696: 27693: 27691: 27688: 27684: 27681: 27680: 27679: 27676: 27674: 27671: 27669: 27666: 27664: 27661: 27660: 27657: 27654: 27652: 27648: 27634: 27631: 27629: 27626: 27624: 27621: 27619: 27616: 27614: 27611: 27609: 27606: 27604: 27601: 27599: 27596: 27594: 27591: 27589: 27586: 27584: 27581: 27577: 27574: 27573: 27572: 27569: 27565: 27562: 27561: 27560: 27559:GDP (nominal) 27557: 27553: 27550: 27549: 27548: 27545: 27543: 27540: 27539: 27537: 27533: 27527: 27524: 27522: 27519: 27517: 27514: 27512: 27509: 27508: 27506: 27502: 27496: 27493: 27491: 27488: 27486: 27483: 27481: 27478: 27476: 27473: 27471: 27468: 27467: 27464: 27460: 27457: 27455: 27451: 27437: 27434: 27430: 27427: 27426: 27425: 27424:Schengen Area 27422: 27420: 27417: 27413: 27410: 27409: 27408: 27405: 27403: 27400: 27398: 27395: 27393: 27390: 27386: 27383: 27381: 27378: 27377: 27376: 27373: 27371: 27368: 27366: 27363: 27359: 27356: 27354: 27351: 27350: 27349: 27346: 27345: 27343: 27341: 27337: 27331: 27328: 27324: 27321: 27320: 27319: 27316: 27314: 27311: 27309: 27306: 27304: 27301: 27299: 27296: 27294: 27291: 27289: 27286: 27284: 27281: 27279: 27276: 27275: 27273: 27269: 27263: 27260: 27258: 27255: 27253: 27250: 27248: 27245: 27243: 27240: 27238: 27235: 27234: 27231: 27227: 27224: 27222: 27218: 27208: 27205: 27201: 27200:by population 27198: 27197: 27196: 27193: 27191: 27188: 27186: 27183: 27181: 27178: 27176: 27173: 27171: 27168: 27166: 27163: 27161: 27158: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27141: 27138: 27134: 27131: 27130: 27129: 27126: 27124: 27121: 27120: 27117: 27114: 27112: 27108: 27096: 27093: 27092: 27091: 27088: 27086: 27083: 27082: 27080: 27076: 27070: 27067: 27064: 27061: 27057: 27054: 27052: 27049: 27047: 27044: 27042: 27039: 27037: 27034: 27032: 27029: 27027: 27024: 27022: 27019: 27017: 27014: 27012: 27009: 27007: 27004: 27003: 27001: 26997: 26994: 26992: 26988: 26984: 26980: 26973: 26968: 26966: 26961: 26959: 26954: 26953: 26950: 26934: 26933:Magnum Photos 26930: 26928: 26924: 26922: 26918: 26916: 26912: 26908: 26906: 26902: 26900: 26896: 26894: 26890: 26888: 26884: 26882: 26878: 26876: 26872: 26871: 26868: 26861: 26857: 26847: 26843: 26841: 26837: 26835: 26831: 26829: 26825: 26823: 26819: 26817: 26813: 26811: 26807: 26805: 26801: 26799: 26795: 26793: 26789: 26787: 26783: 26781: 26780:J. K. Rowling 26777: 26775: 26771: 26767: 26765: 26761: 26759: 26755: 26751: 26749: 26748:Caritas Spain 26745: 26743: 26739: 26735: 26731: 26729: 26725: 26721: 26719: 26718:Adolfo Suárez 26715: 26712: 26708: 26706: 26702: 26698: 26694: 26692: 26688: 26686: 26682: 26680: 26679:Medicus Mundi 26676: 26672: 26669: 26665: 26663: 26659: 26657: 26653: 26649: 26647: 26643: 26641: 26637: 26636: 26633: 26626: 26622: 26617: 26609: 26604: 26602: 26597: 26595: 26590: 26589: 26586: 26573: 26569: 26565: 26562: 26558: 26554: 26551: 26547: 26543: 26539: 26535: 26532: 26528: 26524: 26520: 26517: 26513: 26509: 26506: 26502: 26498: 26495: 26491: 26490:Denis Mukwege 26487: 26483: 26480: 26476: 26472: 26469: 26465: 26461: 26458: 26454: 26450: 26447: 26443: 26439: 26435: 26432: 26428: 26424: 26421: 26417: 26413: 26410: 26406: 26405:Leymah Gbowee 26402: 26398: 26394: 26391: 26387: 26383: 26380: 26376: 26372: 26369: 26365: 26361: 26358: 26354: 26350: 26346: 26343: 26339: 26335: 26331: 26328: 26324: 26320: 26316: 26313: 26309: 26305: 26302: 26298: 26294: 26291: 26287: 26283: 26280: 26276: 26272: 26268: 26267: 26265: 26261: 26254: 26249: 26246: 26241: 26238: 26237:David Trimble 26234: 26229: 26226: 26225:Jody Williams 26222: 26217: 26214: 26210: 26205: 26202: 26198: 26193: 26190: 26189:Yasser Arafat 26186: 26185:Yitzhak Rabin 26182: 26177: 26174: 26170: 26165: 26162: 26157: 26154: 26149: 26146: 26141: 26138: 26133: 26130: 26125: 26122: 26117: 26114: 26109: 26106: 26101: 26098: 26093: 26090: 26085: 26082: 26078: 26073: 26070: 26065: 26062: 26057: 26054: 26053:Mother Teresa 26049: 26046: 26042: 26037: 26034: 26029: 26026: 26022: 26017: 26016: 26014: 26010: 26003: 25998: 25995: 25991: 25990:Seán MacBride 25986: 25983: 25979: 25977: 25971: 25964: 25961: 25957: 25953: 25950: 25946: 25942: 25939: 25935: 25931: 25928: 25924: 25920: 25916: 25911: 25907: 25902: 25899: 25895: 25891: 25888: 25884: 25880: 25877: 25873: 25868: 25865: 25864:Linus Pauling 25860: 25857: 25852: 25849: 25844: 25841: 25836: 25833: 25828: 25825: 25820: 25813: 25806: 25803: 25798: 25795: 25790: 25787: 25782: 25779: 25774: 25773: 25771: 25767: 25760: 25755: 25752: 25751:John Boyd Orr 25747: 25740: 25737: 25733: 25728: 25725: 25721: 25716: 25713: 25708: 25705: 25700: 25693: 25686: 25679: 25672: 25665: 25662: 25657: 25654: 25649: 25646: 25641: 25638: 25633: 25630: 25625: 25622: 25621:Norman Angell 25617: 25610: 25607: 25603: 25598: 25595: 25590: 25587: 25582: 25575: 25572: 25571:Ludwig Quidde 25568: 25563: 25560: 25556: 25551: 25550: 25548: 25544: 25537: 25536:Charles Dawes 25533: 25528: 25521: 25514: 25511: 25506: 25503: 25499: 25494: 25491: 25486: 25483: 25478: 25471: 25468: 25463: 25456: 25449: 25442: 25439: 25434: 25431: 25426: 25423: 25419: 25414: 25411: 25406: 25403: 25399: 25394: 25391: 25390:Fredrik Bajer 25387: 25382: 25379: 25378:Louis Renault 25375: 25370: 25367: 25362: 25359: 25354: 25351: 25346: 25343: 25342:Randal Cremer 25338: 25335: 25334:Charles Gobat 25331: 25330:Élie Ducommun 25326: 25323: 25319: 25315: 25311: 25310: 25308: 25304: 25300: 25296: 25289: 25284: 25282: 25277: 25275: 25270: 25269: 25266: 25254: 25251: 25249: 25246: 25244: 25241: 25240: 25238: 25234: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25213: 25210: 25208: 25205: 25203: 25200: 25198: 25195: 25193: 25190: 25188: 25185: 25183: 25180: 25178: 25175: 25173: 25170: 25168: 25165: 25163: 25160: 25158: 25155: 25153: 25150: 25148: 25145: 25143: 25140: 25138: 25135: 25133: 25130: 25128: 25125: 25123: 25120: 25118: 25115: 25113: 25110: 25108: 25105: 25103: 25100: 25098: 25095: 25093: 25090: 25088: 25085: 25083: 25080: 25078: 25075: 25073: 25070: 25068: 25065: 25063: 25060: 25058: 25055: 25053: 25050: 25048: 25045: 25043: 25040: 25038: 25035: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25025: 25023: 25022:Craiova Group 25020: 25018: 25015: 25013: 25010: 25008: 25005: 25003: 25000: 24998: 24995: 24993: 24990: 24988: 24985: 24983: 24980: 24978: 24975: 24973: 24970: 24968: 24965: 24963: 24960: 24958: 24955: 24953: 24950: 24948: 24945: 24943: 24940: 24938: 24935: 24933: 24930: 24928: 24925: 24923: 24920: 24918: 24915: 24913: 24910: 24908: 24905: 24903: 24900: 24898: 24895: 24893: 24890: 24888: 24885: 24883: 24882:African Union 24880: 24879: 24877: 24873: 24869: 24862: 24857: 24855: 24850: 24848: 24843: 24842: 24839: 24818: 24814: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24802: 24799: 24796: 24793: 24790: 24788: 24785: 24783: 24780: 24777: 24774: 24773: 24771: 24767: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24750:Service medal 24748: 24747: 24745: 24741: 24734: 24731: 24729: 24726: 24725: 24723: 24719: 24713: 24712:Annual Review 24710: 24708: 24705: 24703: 24700: 24699: 24697: 24693: 24683: 24680: 24679: 24677: 24675: 24671: 24665: 24662: 24661: 24659: 24657: 24655: 24650: 24644: 24641: 24639: 24636: 24634: 24631: 24629: 24626: 24624: 24621: 24620: 24618: 24616: 24614: 24609: 24603: 24600: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24589: 24587: 24585: 24584: 24579: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24562: 24561:Club de Berne 24558: 24555: 24552: 24548: 24544: 24540: 24536: 24535: 24533: 24531: 24530: 24525: 24522: 24520: 24516: 24510: 24507: 24505: 24502: 24500: 24497: 24495: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24481: 24479: 24475: 24471: 24467: 24460: 24455: 24453: 24448: 24446: 24441: 24440: 24437: 24433: 24429: 24415: 24414:Global Europe 24412: 24410: 24407: 24406: 24404: 24400: 24394: 24391: 24389: 24385: 24381: 24377: 24375: 24372: 24370: 24367: 24365: 24364:Josep Borrell 24362: 24359: 24357: 24354: 24352: 24349: 24347: 24344: 24342: 24339: 24338: 24336: 24332: 24326: 24323: 24321: 24318: 24316: 24313: 24311: 24308: 24307: 24305: 24303: 24299: 24295: 24288: 24284: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24220: 24217: 24215: 24212: 24210: 24207: 24205: 24202: 24200: 24199:Customs Union 24197: 24195: 24192: 24190: 24187: 24185: 24182: 24181: 24179: 24175: 24169: 24166: 24164: 24161: 24159: 24156: 24154: 24151: 24149: 24146: 24144: 24141: 24139: 24136: 24134: 24131: 24129: 24126: 24124: 24121: 24120: 24118: 24116:Organisations 24114: 24110: 24105: 24100: 24096: 24081: 24080: 24077: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24042: 24040: 24036: 24030: 24027: 24026: 24024: 24020: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23999: 23996: 23995: 23993: 23989: 23983: 23980: 23978: 23975: 23970: 23966: 23965: 23964: 23961: 23956: 23952: 23951: 23950: 23947: 23945: 23942: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23927: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23904: 23901: 23899: 23896: 23891: 23887: 23886: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23879:Liechtenstein 23877: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23861: 23857: 23856: 23855: 23852: 23850: 23849:Faroe Islands 23847: 23845: 23842: 23840: 23837: 23835: 23832: 23830: 23827: 23825: 23822: 23820: 23817: 23816: 23814: 23810: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23773: 23770: 23768: 23765: 23763: 23760: 23758: 23755: 23753: 23750: 23748: 23745: 23743: 23740: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23723: 23720: 23718: 23715: 23713: 23710: 23708: 23705: 23703: 23700: 23698: 23695: 23693: 23690: 23689: 23687: 23683: 23677: 23674: 23672: 23671:United States 23669: 23667: 23664: 23662: 23659: 23657: 23654: 23652: 23649: 23647: 23644: 23642: 23639: 23634: 23630: 23629: 23628: 23625: 23624: 23622: 23618: 23612: 23609: 23607: 23604: 23602: 23599: 23597: 23594: 23592: 23589: 23587: 23584: 23582: 23579: 23577: 23574: 23573: 23571: 23567: 23563: 23559: 23554: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23536: 23532: 23525: 23520: 23518: 23513: 23511: 23506: 23505: 23502: 23491: 23487: 23480: 23475: 23465: 23462: 23460: 23457: 23455: 23452: 23450: 23447: 23445: 23442: 23440: 23437: 23435: 23432: 23430: 23427: 23425: 23422: 23420: 23417: 23415: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23405: 23402: 23400: 23397: 23395: 23392: 23390: 23387: 23385: 23382: 23380: 23377: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23365: 23362: 23360: 23357: 23355: 23352: 23350: 23347: 23345: 23342: 23340: 23337: 23335: 23332: 23331: 23328: 23324: 23320: 23319:Member states 23313: 23308: 23306: 23301: 23299: 23294: 23293: 23290: 23278: 23275: 23273: 23270: 23269: 23264: 23260: 23259: 23255: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23224: 23221: 23219: 23216: 23215: 23213: 23211: 23207: 23197: 23194: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23179: 23177: 23176:Media freedom 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23162: 23159: 23157: 23154: 23152: 23151: 23147: 23146: 23143: 23140: 23138: 23134: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23113: 23112: 23109: 23107: 23104: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23052: 23049: 23045: 23042: 23041: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23013: 23010: 23009: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22999: 22997: 22995: 22989: 22981: 22978: 22976: 22973: 22971: 22968: 22966: 22963: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22949: 22946: 22945: 22944: 22941: 22939: 22936: 22932: 22929: 22928: 22927: 22924: 22922: 22921:Energy policy 22919: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22911:Customs Union 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22898: 22897: 22896:Single market 22894: 22888: 22885: 22884: 22883: 22880: 22876: 22873: 22871: 22868: 22867: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22857: 22856: 22853: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22832: 22829: 22828: 22827: 22824: 22823: 22822: 22819: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22804: 22800: 22799:identity card 22797: 22795: 22792: 22790: 22787: 22785: 22782: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22773:Schengen Area 22771: 22769: 22766: 22765: 22764: 22761: 22760: 22758: 22754: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22733: 22730: 22728: 22725: 22723: 22720: 22718: 22715: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22703: 22700: 22698: 22695: 22693: 22690: 22688: 22685: 22683: 22680: 22678: 22675: 22674: 22672: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22659: 22649: 22646: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22627: 22624: 22623: 22622: 22619: 22613: 22610: 22609: 22608: 22605: 22604: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22595: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22583: 22580: 22579: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22567: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22550: 22549: 22546: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22518: 22514: 22512: 22509: 22505: 22502: 22501: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22494:Copyright law 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22476: 22474: 22472: 22468: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22448: 22445: 22444: 22442: 22436: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22421: 22419: 22413: 22407: 22404: 22403: 22401: 22397: 22391: 22388: 22386: 22383: 22382: 22380: 22374: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22351:EIB Institute 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22331: 22329: 22321: 22309: 22306: 22305: 22304: 22301: 22300: 22298: 22296: 22292: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22270: 22269: 22266: 22265: 22263: 22261: 22257: 22249: 22248:General Court 22246: 22244: 22241: 22240: 22239: 22236: 22235: 22233: 22231: 22227: 22219: 22216: 22214: 22213:Commissioners 22211: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22201: 22200: 22199: 22196: 22192: 22189: 22187: 22184: 22183: 22182: 22179: 22178: 22176: 22174: 22170: 22162: 22159: 22157: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22148: 22147: 22144: 22140: 22137: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22123: 22120: 22119: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22094: 22093: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22085: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22063: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22037: 22035: 22032: 22030: 22029:Member states 22027: 22025: 22022: 22020: 22017: 22015: 22012: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22002: 22000: 21997: 21995: 21992: 21991: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21979: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21945: 21943: 21941: 21937: 21931: 21928: 21926: 21923: 21921: 21918: 21916: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21901: 21898: 21896: 21893: 21891: 21888: 21887: 21885: 21883: 21879: 21869: 21867: 21862: 21860: 21858: 21853: 21852: 21850: 21848: 21844: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21829: 21827: 21825: 21821: 21811: 21808: 21807: 21804: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21789: 21786: 21780: 21777: 21775: 21772: 21771: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21759: 21753: 21750: 21748: 21745: 21744: 21742: 21740: 21736: 21733: 21729: 21723: 21720: 21718: 21715: 21713: 21710: 21708: 21705: 21703: 21700: 21698: 21695: 21693: 21690: 21689: 21687: 21685: 21681: 21678: 21676: 21672: 21667: 21660: 21655: 21653: 21648: 21646: 21641: 21640: 21637: 21631: 21624: 21617: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21603: 21600: 21598: 21594: 21591: 21588: 21584: 21581: 21578: 21574: 21573: 21568: 21565: 21563: 21560: 21558: 21557: 21552: 21549: 21546: 21540: 21535: 21534: 21523: 21517: 21513: 21509: 21505: 21500: 21496: 21490: 21486: 21481: 21477: 21471: 21468:. Routledge. 21467: 21462: 21459: 21457:9798891131224 21453: 21449: 21444: 21440: 21434: 21430: 21425: 21421: 21415: 21411: 21407: 21402: 21399: 21394: 21388: 21384: 21380: 21375: 21371: 21365: 21361: 21356: 21352: 21346: 21342: 21337: 21333: 21327: 21323: 21319: 21315: 21311: 21307: 21301: 21297: 21292: 21288: 21282: 21278: 21273: 21269: 21263: 21259: 21255: 21251: 21250: 21244: 21233: 21229: 21225: 21221: 21216: 21212: 21206: 21202: 21198: 21193: 21189: 21183: 21179: 21174: 21170: 21164: 21161:. Routledge. 21160: 21155: 21151: 21145: 21141: 21136: 21132: 21126: 21122: 21117: 21113: 21107: 21103: 21098: 21094: 21088: 21084: 21079: 21078: 21071: 21067: 21061: 21058:. Macmillan. 21057: 21052: 21048: 21044: 21040: 21036: 21031: 21027: 21021: 21017: 21012: 21008: 21002: 20998: 20993: 20989: 20983: 20979: 20974: 20970: 20964: 20960: 20957:. Cambridge: 20956: 20951: 20947: 20941: 20937: 20933: 20928: 20924: 20918: 20914: 20909: 20905: 20899: 20895: 20890: 20886: 20880: 20876: 20872: 20867: 20863: 20857: 20853: 20849: 20845: 20840: 20836: 20830: 20826: 20821: 20817: 20811: 20808:. Routledge. 20807: 20802: 20798: 20792: 20788: 20783: 20779: 20773: 20769: 20764: 20763: 20756: 20752: 20746: 20742: 20738: 20734: 20730: 20724: 20720: 20715: 20714: 20702: 20696: 20691: 20690: 20683: 20679: 20673: 20669: 20668:EuroDiversity 20664: 20660: 20654: 20650: 20645: 20641: 20637: 20633: 20627: 20623: 20619: 20615: 20611: 20605: 20601: 20597: 20593: 20588: 20584: 20578: 20574: 20569: 20565: 20559: 20555: 20550: 20549: 20535: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20517: 20513: 20509: 20502: 20494: 20486: 20478: 20472: 20468: 20464: 20460: 20455: 20454: 20445: 20443: 20434: 20430: 20426: 20422: 20418: 20414: 20410: 20406: 20399: 20384: 20378: 20374: 20370: 20366: 20365: 20357: 20349: 20343: 20335: 20331: 20327: 20323: 20319: 20315: 20311: 20307: 20300: 20292: 20288: 20284: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20266: 20262: 20258: 20254: 20250: 20243: 20235: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20211: 20207: 20203: 20199: 20192: 20190: 20188: 20171: 20167: 20163: 20157: 20141: 20137: 20131: 20112: 20108: 20104: 20097: 20091: 20083: 20079: 20075: 20069: 20065: 20058: 20042: 20038: 20032: 20025: 20019: 20003: 19999: 19995: 19989: 19974: 19973:karlspreis.de 19970: 19964: 19956: 19950: 19946: 19942: 19938: 19934: 19927: 19911: 19907: 19901: 19891: 19884: 19879: 19871: 19867: 19863: 19857: 19850: 19845: 19829: 19825: 19821: 19816: 19812: 19807: 19806: 19797: 19778: 19771: 19765: 19749: 19745: 19739: 19723: 19719: 19718: 19713: 19707: 19698: 19683: 19679: 19672: 19664: 19660: 19653: 19637: 19633: 19627: 19611: 19607: 19600: 19581: 19574: 19567: 19565: 19556: 19552: 19546: 19538: 19537:The Economist 19534: 19528: 19522: 19520: 19513: 19497: 19493: 19487: 19472: 19466: 19448: 19442: 19426: 19420: 19404: 19400: 19396: 19390: 19374: 19370: 19366: 19360: 19344: 19340: 19336: 19330: 19314: 19310: 19303: 19287: 19283: 19276: 19260: 19256: 19249: 19233: 19229: 19223: 19207: 19203: 19188: 19184: 19177: 19161: 19157: 19153: 19146: 19127: 19123: 19116: 19113:(June 2005). 19112: 19106: 19104: 19102: 19086: 19083: 19077: 19058: 19054: 19047: 19040: 19024: 19020: 19016: 19009: 19000: 18995: 18991: 18987: 18986: 18981: 18974: 18959: 18955: 18949: 18947: 18938: 18932: 18916: 18910: 18891: 18884: 18877: 18861: 18857: 18852: 18845: 18837: 18831: 18827: 18826: 18818: 18811: 18796: 18789: 18778: 18774: 18767: 18757: 18750: 18744: 18736: 18732: 18725: 18709: 18705: 18698: 18679: 18672: 18657: 18653: 18646: 18630: 18626: 18619: 18611: 18607: 18601: 18585: 18581: 18575: 18559: 18555: 18548: 18532: 18530: 18529:Eurobarometer 18521: 18514: 18498: 18496: 18495:Eurobarometer 18487: 18480: 18461: 18454: 18448: 18433: 18429: 18422: 18407: 18403: 18397: 18381: 18375: 18373: 18356: 18350: 18331: 18325: 18319: 18317: 18310: 18304: 18302: 18295: 18289: 18284: 18278: 18276: 18269: 18263: 18261: 18254: 18248: 18246: 18239: 18237: 18235: 18219: 18215: 18209: 18194: 18193:Bloomberg Tax 18190: 18184: 18168: 18164: 18158: 18143: 18139: 18135: 18129: 18120: 18114: 18109: 18093: 18087: 18071: 18065: 18049: 18043: 18027: 18021: 18005: 17999: 17983: 17977: 17961: 17957: 17953: 17947: 17939: 17938: 17933: 17927: 17911: 17907: 17901: 17893: 17887: 17879: 17873: 17865: 17859: 17851: 17847: 17841: 17839: 17822: 17818: 17811: 17795: 17791: 17785: 17770: 17766: 17759: 17744: 17740: 17734: 17719: 17715: 17709: 17693: 17689: 17685: 17679: 17668: 17662: 17654: 17650: 17644: 17629: 17625: 17619: 17604: 17600: 17594: 17586: 17585: 17580: 17574: 17558: 17554: 17548: 17532: 17525: 17517: 17516: 17511: 17504: 17495: 17484: 17478: 17474: 17467: 17461: 17445: 17441: 17435: 17420: 17413: 17406: 17390: 17384: 17382: 17375: 17372: 17366: 17360: 17358: 17351: 17335: 17331: 17324: 17308: 17302: 17286: 17282: 17276: 17260: 17254: 17238: 17232: 17221: 17215: 17199: 17195: 17189: 17181: 17177: 17173: 17166: 17151: 17147: 17141: 17125: 17119: 17103: 17099: 17093: 17078: 17074: 17067: 17065: 17048: 17044: 17037: 17021: 17017: 17010: 16994: 16988: 16972: 16966: 16951: 16947: 16940: 16921: 16914: 16895: 16889: 16873: 16869: 16863: 16861: 16845:on 3 May 2011 16844: 16840: 16834: 16818: 16811: 16803: 16799: 16793: 16777: 16773: 16766: 16758: 16754: 16748: 16729: 16723: 16707: 16703: 16697: 16689: 16688:Credit Suisse 16685: 16681: 16680: 16675: 16669: 16661: 16657: 16651: 16635: 16629: 16613: 16609: 16608:Harvey, Fiona 16603: 16588: 16584: 16577: 16569: 16563: 16548: 16547:Social Europe 16544: 16540: 16539:Berman, Sheri 16534: 16526: 16522: 16516: 16501: 16497: 16491: 16476: 16472: 16466: 16450: 16446: 16439: 16431: 16425: 16416: 16407: 16405: 16403: 16395: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16384: 16368: 16364: 16357: 16342: 16338: 16332: 16316: 16312: 16306: 16291:on 3 May 2011 16290: 16286: 16282: 16276: 16260: 16256: 16250: 16242: 16238: 16232: 16216: 16209: 16194: 16190: 16186: 16182: 16175: 16159: 16153: 16137: 16133: 16127: 16112: 16108: 16101: 16085: 16081: 16075: 16073: 16057: 16053: 16047: 16045: 16028: 16024: 16017: 16001: 15995: 15979: 15975: 15968: 15966: 15949: 15945: 15939: 15923: 15919: 15913: 15897: 15893: 15889: 15883: 15867: 15860: 15844: 15840: 15838: 15830: 15814: 15810: 15803: 15787: 15783: 15776: 15768: 15764: 15758: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15735: 15720: 15716: 15709: 15694: 15688: 15669: 15662: 15651: 15647: 15640: 15634: 15626: 15620: 15604: 15600: 15593: 15586: 15581: 15573: 15569: 15563: 15547: 15543: 15537: 15518: 15512: 15497: 15493: 15487: 15481: 15477: 15473: 15470: 15464: 15462: 15460: 15458: 15449: 15445: 15441: 15437: 15431: 15415: 15411: 15407: 15403: 15397: 15389: 15385: 15381: 15377: 15373: 15369: 15362: 15346: 15340: 15324: 15318: 15302: 15298: 15292: 15276: 15272: 15266: 15251: 15247: 15241: 15225: 15221: 15217: 15210: 15194: 15188: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15155: 15151: 15137: 15133: 15126: 15119: 15103: 15099: 15093: 15086: 15080: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15040: 15036: 15030: 15023: 15022:0-415-22647-3 15019: 15013: 15006: 15002: 14996: 14989: 14983: 14967: 14961: 14945: 14941: 14935: 14919: 14912: 14896: 14890: 14874: 14870: 14864: 14856: 14844: 14840: 14836: 14830: 14815: 14811: 14805: 14790: 14784: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14753: 14748: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14707: 14703: 14697: 14689: 14685: 14679: 14663: 14656: 14650: 14635: 14631: 14625: 14606: 14600: 14593: 14589: 14583: 14579: 14578: 14570: 14555: 14553:9789279205125 14549: 14545: 14544: 14537: 14531: 14525: 14510: 14504: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14465: 14457: 14451: 14447: 14443: 14439: 14438: 14430: 14414: 14410: 14406: 14400: 14384: 14380: 14374: 14358: 14354: 14348: 14340: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14321: 14306: 14302: 14296: 14281: 14274: 14268: 14259: 14243: 14239: 14233: 14226: 14215: 14211: 14205: 14190: 14186: 14179: 14163: 14156: 14148: 14142: 14134: 14128: 14120: 14114: 14106: 14100: 14093: 14088: 14073: 14069: 14063: 14055: 14051: 14045: 14037: 14036: 14035:Bloomberg.com 14031: 14024: 14008: 14002: 13986: 13980: 13965: 13961: 13955: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13927: 13922: 13914: 13898: 13894: 13890: 13886: 13881: 13873: 13857: 13851: 13835: 13831: 13825: 13809: 13805: 13800: 13793: 13777: 13771: 13755: 13751: 13745: 13738: 13733: 13717: 13713: 13707: 13705: 13696: 13690: 13686: 13679: 13663: 13659: 13653: 13645: 13639: 13624: 13620: 13613: 13597: 13591: 13575: 13569: 13553: 13549: 13543: 13527: 13521: 13505: 13499: 13484: 13480: 13474: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13440: 13434: 13426: 13422: 13416: 13400: 13394: 13378: 13372: 13370: 13354: 13350: 13343: 13327: 13321: 13313: 13309: 13303: 13299: 13295: 13294: 13289: 13288:Picht, Robert 13285: 13281: 13275: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13247: 13246:Interventions 13243: 13236: 13221: 13217: 13211: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13181: 13165: 13159: 13143: 13139: 13133: 13118: 13114: 13107: 13091: 13087: 13080: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13044: 13040: 13033: 13017: 13013: 13007: 12999: 12993: 12978: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12959: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12927:, p. 15. 12926: 12921: 12919: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12872: 12864: 12862:1-58542-345-9 12858: 12853: 12852: 12846: 12840: 12833: 12828: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12800: 12783: 12777: 12761: 12755: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12725: 12709: 12694: 12690: 12683: 12667: 12661: 12645: 12639: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12608: 12601: 12593: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12573: 12569: 12562: 12554: 12550: 12544: 12528: 12522: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12477: 12471: 12469: 12467: 12450: 12446: 12440: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12421: 12415: 12399: 12393: 12385: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12364: 12359: 12353: 12351: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12314: 12310: 12290: 12281: 12272: 12257: 12253: 12247: 12232: 12231:Treaty Office 12228: 12222: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12201: 12191: 12184: 12180: 12176: 12172: 12166: 12157: 12150: 12143: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12119: 12110: 12100: 12085: 12081: 12075: 12068: 12063: 12062: 12054: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12024: 12022: 12020: 12012: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11978: 11971: 11965: 11956: 11947: 11940: 11937:(UTC+3); and 11936: 11932: 11928: 11927:French Guiana 11924: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11894: 11885: 11884:African Union 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11841: 11837: 11836:Europe portal 11826: 11823: 11812: 11805: 11803: 11799: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11777: 11774: 11766: 11762: 11757: 11748: 11745: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11730: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11705: 11703: 11700:. Within the 11699: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11686:member states 11683: 11679: 11678:Media freedom 11672: 11668: 11664: 11659: 11655: 11645: 11643: 11639: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11626:Pater Europae 11623: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11609: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11579: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11554: 11553: 11541: 11539: 11533: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11515: 11510: 480 BC 11504: 11500: 11495: 11485: 11483: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11467: 11466:Bosman ruling 11460: 11450: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11412:Île-de-France 11409: 11405: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11384: 11381: 11376: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11313: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11270: 11264: 11260: 11250: 11247: 11246:Eurobarometer 11243: 11239: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11184: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11148: 11146: 11142: 11130: 11128: 11125:Non-believer/ 11123: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11093: 11091:Other faiths 11089: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11055: 11043: 11041: 11037: 11025: 11023: 11019: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10989: 10987: 10983: 10975: 10968: 10958: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10922:Luxembourgish 10919: 10917: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10900: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10587: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10522: 10518: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10472: 10466: 10459: 10452: 10446: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10410: 10405: 10404: 10396: 10390: 10385: 10384: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10358: 10352: 10347: 10346: 10334: 10329: 10328: 10320: 10314: 10309: 10308: 10296: 10291: 10290: 10282: 10276: 10271: 10270: 10258: 10253: 10252: 10244: 10238: 10233: 10232: 10220: 10215: 10214: 10206: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10182: 10177: 10176: 10168: 10162: 10157: 10156: 10144: 10139: 10138: 10130: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10106: 10101: 10100: 10092: 10086: 10081: 10080: 10068: 10063: 10062: 10054: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10010: 9996: 9992: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9959:et al.), the 9958: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9859: 9855: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9796: 9794: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9750: 9730: 9724: 9719: 9711: 9707: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9687:Schengen visa 9682: 9677: 9670: 9664: 9659: 9658: 9649: 9647: 9642: 9638: 9637:source of law 9634: 9630: 9625: 9623: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9606:Lisbon Treaty 9604:In 2009, the 9602: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9577:, democracy, 9576: 9572: 9571:human dignity 9566: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9445: 9443: 9438: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9406:Welfare State 9403: 9399: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9367: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9294: 9289: 9285: 9279: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9254: 9251: 9247: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9187:(EGNOS) is a 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9167:, Italy, and 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9103: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9077: 9073: 9053: 9046: 9041: 9034: 9027: 9022: 9015: 9009: 9004: 8997: 8991: 8986: 8985: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8959:, in France. 8958: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8937: 8935: 8934:certification 8931: 8927: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8905:single market 8902: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8881: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8854:South Holland 8851: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8824: 8819: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8718: 8716: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8677: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8628: 8621: 8615: 8605: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8483: 8478: 8468: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8454: 8450: 8449:Liechtenstein 8446: 8442: 8438: 8437:import quotas 8434: 8420: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8396:Customs union 8393: 8391: 8387: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8343:Single market 8340: 8338: 8337:customs union 8334: 8333:single market 8330: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8309:Banking Union 8306: 8302: 8298: 8293: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8275: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8191: 8188: 8180: 8176: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8076: 8071: 8061: 8054: 8036: 8025: 8013: 7999: 7995: 7987: 7983: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7918: 7915: 7909: 7906: 7901: 7899: 7889: 7884: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7795:French Guiana 7792: 7791:Schengen area 7788: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7740: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7702:Lisbon Treaty 7699: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7589:Liechtenstein 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7571:maintains an 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7547:and the 1990 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7520:participating 7519: 7497: 7492: 7491:Schengen Area 7485:Schengen Area 7472: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7391: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7345: 7340: 7338: 7326: 7322: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7258: 7253: 7251: 7239: 7235: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7215: 7210: 7208: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7172: 7167: 7165: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7078: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6998: 6993: 6991: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6967: 6963:2,586 km 6962: 6957: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6911: 6906: 6904: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6868: 6863: 6861: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6805: 6801: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6555: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6514: 6512: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6401: 6397:9,251 km 6396: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6303: 6298: 6296: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6197: 6191: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6163: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6121:single market 6118: 6117:Liechtenstein 6114: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6063:Craiova Group 6060: 6056: 6055:Benelux Union 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 5997: 5990:Member states 5987: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5881: 5878:in 1999, the 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785:Global Europe 5782: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5712: 5707: 5700: 5697:Summit 2017, 5696: 5692: 5687: 5683: 5682:Global Europe 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5629: 5625: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5500: 5494: 5493:Josep Borrell 5488: 5478: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5455: 5454:direct effect 5451: 5447: 5443: 5436:Secondary law 5433: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5410: 5409:direct effect 5406: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5373:confederation 5365: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5294:(ECA) is the 5293: 5279: 5270: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5178: 5175: 5167: 5164:December 2023 5157: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5133:This section 5131: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5113: 5111: 5110:Lisbon Treaty 5106: 5102: 5101:General Court 5097: 5095: 5091: 5090:Koen Lenaerts 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5070:supreme court 5067: 5063: 5062:General Court 5059: 5055: 5051: 5040: 5034: 5033:Koen Lenaerts 5028: 5018: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4852:executive arm 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4823:Josep Borrell 4820: 4816: 4812: 4811:head of state 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4735: 4731: 4720: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4574: 4572: 4571:(outer) space 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4467: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4436:customs union 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4399: 4398: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4377: 4372: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4354: 4353:member states 4350: 4343: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4229: 4180: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4149:member states 4146: 4142: 4141:EU directives 4137: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4113:supranational 4108: 4091: 4087: 4086:supranational 4083: 4079: 4078:member states 4075: 4071: 4067: 4064:and that the 4063: 4057: 4050: 4049:three pillars 4044: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3939: 3936: 3923: 3922:Lisbon Treaty 3912: 3908: 3905:F: 1 May 1999 3901: 3897: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3796:F: 6 May 1955 3792: 3791: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3581: 3579:Western Union 3575: 3570: 3565: 3557: 3549: 3543: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3483: 3475: 3468: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3419: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3295: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3267: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3222: 3205: 3204: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3098: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2938:Lisbon Treaty 2934: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2788:, the former 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2695:presided over 2693: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2682:Merger Treaty 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646:customs union 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2511:Marshall Plan 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2455:Marshall Plan 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443:Western Union 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2099: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2074:Europe § Name 2068: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2020:Western Union 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938:euro currency 1935: 1931: 1927: 1926:Schengen Area 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:Customs Union 1894: 1890: 1886: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1863:confederation 1860: 1856: 1855: 1846: 1842: 1841:member states 1838: 1834: 1831: 1830:supranational 1827: 1823: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1696:Swedish krona 1692: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1606:Bulgarian lev 1602: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1538: 1532: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1484: 1478: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1389: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1314: 1311:18 April 1951 1310: 1307: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1172:confederation 1169: 1165: 1164:supranational 1161: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1138: 1136: 1125: 1123: 1112: 1110: 1099: 1097: 1086: 1084: 1073: 1071: 1060: 1058: 1047: 1045: 1034: 1032: 1021: 1019: 1008: 1006: 995: 993: 982: 980: 969: 967: 956: 954: 943: 941: 930: 928: 917: 915: 904: 902: 891: 889: 878: 876: 865: 863: 852: 850: 839: 837: 826: 824: 813: 811: 800: 799: 796: 790: 786: 781: 780: 774: 773:Confederation 770: 767: 763: 760: 757: 755: 751: 745: 741: 739: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 719: 715: 713: 709: 707: 703: 702: 701: 697: 696: 694: 687: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 665: 661: 658: 655: 651: 648: 645: 643: 638: 632:Parliament 631: 630: 626: 615: 613: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 596: 592: 582: 579: 578: 574: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 535: 533: 529: 524: 523: 517: 514: 510: 505: 503: 492: 486: 476: 469: 437: 433: 429: 421: 412: 406: 402: 398: 391: 384: 375: 371: 369: 366: 365: 361: 357: 355: 352: 351: 347: 346:Európska únia 343: 341: 338: 337: 333: 329: 327: 324: 323: 319: 315: 313: 310: 309: 305: 301: 299: 296: 295: 291: 290:Europese Unie 287: 285: 282: 281: 277: 273: 271: 268: 267: 263: 259: 257: 254: 253: 249: 245: 243: 240: 239: 235: 231: 229: 226: 225: 221: 217: 215: 212: 211: 207: 203: 201: 198: 197: 193: 189: 187: 184: 183: 179: 175: 173: 170: 169: 165: 161: 159: 156: 155: 151: 147: 145: 142: 141: 137: 136:Unión Europea 133: 131: 128: 127: 119: 117: 114: 113: 109: 105: 103: 100: 99: 95: 91: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80:Evropská unie 77: 75: 72: 71: 63: 61: 58: 57: 53: 48: 40: 37: 33: 19: 29808: 29791: 29774: 29757: 29745:from Commons 29740: 29719: 29605: 29488:South Africa 29483:Saudi Arabia 29437: 29319:South Africa 29280: 29146:Western Bloc 29030: 28946:AUSCANNZUKUS 28902:Contemporary 28851:Human rights 28697:Latin Church 28671:Christianity 28621: 28580:Conservatism 28425:contemporary 28262:Architecture 28198:World War II 28158:Emancipation 28153:Abolitionism 28041:Romanization 28036:Roman legacy 28017:Roman Empire 27835:Demographics 27794:Christianity 27742:Architecture 27695:Universities 27603:Minimum wage 27542:Average wage 27339: 27046:Pax Europaea 27041:World War II 26927:Mary's Meals 26886: 26846:Caddy Adzuba 26828:Fukushima 50 26822:Manos Unidas 26571: 26548: / 26544: / 26529: / 26492: / 26444: / 26419: 26407: / 26403: / 26379:Barack Obama 26355: / 26340: / 26338:Grameen Bank 26325: / 26301:Shirin Ebadi 26290:Jimmy Carter 26277: / 26263:2001–present 26253:Kim Dae-jung 26235: / 26223: / 26211: / 26199: / 26187: / 26183: / 26181:Shimon Peres 26171: / 26097:Desmond Tutu 26079: / 26043: / 26023: / 25992: / 25980: / 25974: 25960:Willy Brandt 25874: / 25832:Georges Pire 25778:Léon Jouhaux 25759:Ralph Bunche 25734: / 25722: / 25712:Cordell Hull 25653:Robert Cecil 25604: / 25569: / 25557: / 25534: / 25500: / 25422:Alfred Fried 25420: / 25418:Tobias Asser 25400: / 25388: / 25376: / 25332: / 25320: / 25318:Henry Dunant 25051: 24912:Asia Council 24682:Defence Fund 24673: 24652: 24611: 24581: 24527: 24469: 24104:Multilateral 23982:Vatican City 23601:South Africa 23557: 23322: 23148: 22970:Space policy 22638:Average wage 22633:Minimum wage 22516: 22260:Central bank 22075:Institutions 21999:Demographics 21882:Enlargements 21865: 21856: 21824:Central bank 21731:Predecessors 21665: 21570: 21554: 21503: 21484: 21465: 21447: 21428: 21405: 21378: 21359: 21340: 21317: 21295: 21276: 21248: 21235:. 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Eurostat 12378:15 October 12326:. p. 12300:References 11999:Solange II 11939:La Réunion 11919:Guadeloupe 11915:Martinique 11717:EUobserver 11593:figure of 11578:Ode to Joy 11565:Europe Day 11345:See also: 11267:See also: 11200:Protestant 11022:Protestant 10857:Portuguese 10845:Lithuanian 10692:Lithuanian 10590:Portuguese 10449:See also: 10431:2,796,717 10393:2,816,924 10355:2,899,670 10317:2,971,753 10279:2,981,735 10241:2,980,338 10203:3,031,887 10165:3,183,476 10127:3,269,510 10089:3,395,581 10071:12,388,388 10041:City name 10023:City name 9921:Düsseldorf 9909:Rhine-Ruhr 9830:See also: 9753:See also: 9587:minorities 9471:See also: 9338:See also: 9282:See also: 9222:See also: 9086:See also: 8969:signalling 8832:, and the 8798:, and the 8737:See also: 8618:See also: 8574:See also: 8305:Eurosystem 8266:euro notes 8237:Eurosystem 8235:See also: 8156:See also: 8035:net wealth 8033:trillion) 7949:smart city 7881:See also: 7861:westerlies 7857:dry season 7853:wet season 7803:Madagascar 7752:Mont Blanc 7698:Article 50 7655:Montenegro 7609:San Marino 7349:10,452,326 7306:48,797,875 7255:1 May 2004 7212:1 May 2004 7176:19,042,455 7133:10,352,042 7089:37,654,247 7082:1 May 2004 7046:17,590,672 6995:1 May 2004 6946:Luxembourg 6908:1 May 2004 6865:1 May 2004 6829:58,968,501 6734:1 May 2004 6698:10,459,782 6654:83,237,124 6610:67,871,925 6516:1 May 2004 6436:10,516,707 6429:1 May 2004 6386:1 May 2004 6264:11,617,623 6148:San Marino 6085:, and the 5876:Kosovo War 5868:neutrality 5804:See also: 5569:soft power 5475:See also: 5446:directives 5377:federation 5353:See also: 5300:Luxembourg 5255:euro coins 5223:Eurosystem 5082:Luxembourg 4876:ex-officio 4310:Governance 4249:, €2bn in 3973:terminated 3877:Convention 3756:Washington 3563:pillar III 3459:pillar II) 3303:(Pillar I) 3178:S: signing 3012:After the 2982:, and the 2749:Ostpolitik 2744:referendum 2626:Luxembourg 2520:Parliament 2479:Europe Day 2381:Europe Day 1859:federation 1772:(see also 1566: 30.0 1406:Population 1158:Government 1031:Luxembourg 795:27 members 788:Membership 754:Demonym(s) 712:Protestant 642:metropolis 625:Strasbourg 591:Luxembourg 562:Parliament 547:Commission 479:Show globe 312:Portuguese 242:Lithuanian 29793:Textbooks 29458:Indonesia 29418:Australia 29413:Argentina 29051:Five Eyes 29046:EU–UK TCA 28888:Democracy 28777:Old Norse 28666:Abrahamic 28623:Peritrope 28605:Tolerance 28585:Socialism 28415:Mythology 28403:Classical 28352:Languages 28330:Astrology 28178:Modernism 27992:Old World 27875:by region 27735:sculpture 27690:Tattooing 27678:Languages 27668:Etiquette 27571:GDP (PPP) 27495:Transport 27365:Education 27353:relations 27180:Mountains 27111:Geography 26711:Hussein I 26668:Sephardic 26233:John Hume 26012:1976–2000 25769:1951–1975 25724:John Mott 25546:1926–1950 25306:1901–1925 25295:Laureates 24721:Equipment 24519:Structure 24388:to the EU 24380:of the EU 24194:CARIFORUM 23998:Australia 23772:Palestine 23712:Indonesia 23656:Greenland 23627:Argentina 23546:relations 23544:Bilateral 23414:Lithuania 23171:Languages 23150:Douzelage 22994:relations 22794:passports 22717:Euromyths 22621:Transport 22499:Directive 22327:EU bodies 22273:President 22230:Judiciary 22203:President 22186:President 22173:Executive 22161:Eurogroup 22117:Elections 22097:President 21994:Geography 21982:Geography 21512:Routledge 21362:. 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Reuters 16193:0261-3077 15864:Frontex. 15724:1 January 15552:27 August 15388:154664296 14495:2752-6135 14310:2 January 13934:0362-4331 13893:0362-4331 13638:cite news 13488:1 January 13266:142558321 13063:0033-5533 12977:0261-3077 12909:143049416 12901:1476-3419 12630:153480456 12592:1468-2486 12305:Citations 11983:supremacy 11929:(UTC−3); 11925:(UTC−4); 11751:Influence 11737:ARTE GEIE 11713:Eurosport 11557:proposals 11526:circle of 11208:Anglicans 11204:Lutherans 11188:Catholics 10986:Christian 10829:Hungarian 10785:Bulgarian 10629:Bulgarian 10577:Hungarian 10461:Language 10439:Languages 10413:3,397,323 10403:Amsterdam 10383:Stuttgart 10375:3,423,121 10337:3,626,216 10299:4,227,059 10261:4,329,748 10223:5,147,820 10185:5,481,613 10155:Marseille 10147:5,797,356 10137:Barcelona 10109:6,871,903 9991:et al.). 9953:Wiesbaden 9949:Frankfurt 9943:et al.), 9937:The Hague 9933:Rotterdam 9929:Amsterdam 9923:et al.), 9900:million. 9878:Barcelona 9779:", while 9318:The five 9258:fisheries 9253:effects. 9236:The EU's 9050:European 9031:European 8850:Rotterdam 8846:East Asia 8721:Transport 8598:Microsoft 8590:Honeywell 8543:. 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In the 7926:renewable 7833:temperate 7779:Greenland 7728:Geography 7710:Greenland 7371:27 total 7262:2,107,180 7219:5,434,712 6915:2,805,998 6903:Lithuania 6872:1,862,700 6785:5,060,004 6741:9,689,010 6566:5,548,241 6523:1,331,796 6480:5,873,420 6350:3,862,305 6307:6,838,937 6220:8,978,929 5923:EU forces 5450:decisions 5405:supremacy 5135:does not 5094:Union law 4993:EU budget 4942:executive 4649:, youth, 4647:education 4525:transport 4511:fisheries 4239:transport 4127:) and of 4101:Politics 3508:pillar II 3193:E: expiry 3128:sovereign 2888:Lithuania 2612:In 1957, 2263:in 1945. 2228:) or the 2169:—who was 2061:Etymology 2008:Inner Six 1918:fisheries 1843:that are 1833:political 1707:Time zone 1503:(nominal) 1293:Formation 1018:Lithuania 724:Christian 689:Religion 573:Frankfurt 214:Hungarian 60:Bulgarian 29644:Guterres 29328:See also 29111:Schengen 29041:Eurozone 28881:Property 28876:Religion 28767:Frankish 28757:Germanic 28737:Paganism 28658:Religion 28646:European 28558:Humanism 28461:Religion 28420:Painting 28386:Internet 28337:Folklore 28308:Clothing 28279:Calendar 28255:Cyrillic 28240:Alphabet 28203:Cold War 27917:Category 27820:Armorial 27789:Religion 27730:painting 27419:Politics 27397:Eurozone 27221:Politics 27207:Villages 27085:Military 27078:By topic 26983:articles 26913:and the 26905:COVID-19 26546:Memorial 25102:Mercosur 24695:Policies 24583:Agencies 24239:Euronest 24158:Mercosur 23767:Pakistan 23752:Malaysia 23620:Americas 23558:See also 23454:Slovenia 23449:Slovakia 23439:Portugal 23344:Bulgaria 23272:Category 23186:Religion 22992:Foreign 22980:VAT Area 22860:Eurozone 22756:Policies 22670:Concepts 22662:Politics 22602:Eurozone 22553:opt-outs 22548:Treaties 22438:Military 22415:Advisory 22399:Agencies 22039:Regions 21697:Founders 21684:Timeline 21316:(2007). 20739:(2010). 20640:71266552 20620:(2007). 19895:Europe." 19834:4 August 19682:BBC News 19403:Archived 19111:Eurostat 18860:Archived 18856:Euractiv 18804:11 March 18527:Special 18493:Special 17692:Archived 17444:NBC News 17336:. 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