Czech language - Knowledge

2111: 5008:, but some of its elements have become adopted in the written standard. Since the second half of the 20th century, Common Czech elements have also been spreading to regions previously unaffected, as a consequence of media influence. Standard Czech is still the norm for politicians, businesspeople and other Czechs in formal situations, but Common Czech is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media. The colloquial form of Standard Czech finds limited use in daily communication due to the expansion of the Common Czech interdialect. It is sometimes defined as a theoretical construct rather than an actual tool of colloquial communication, since in casual contexts, the non-standard interdialect is preferred. 920: 1012: 4858: 1926: 9791: 8793: 4933: 12726: 6693: 2511: 692: 401: 12671: 11872: 12688: 10439: 12104: 12714: 6707: 1220: 6088: 12666: 4633: 782: 6511:(1918–1938), although "Czechoslovak" was designated as the republic's official language, both Czech and Slovak written standards were used. Standard written Slovak was partially modeled on literary Czech, and Czech was preferred for some official functions in the Slovak half of the republic. Czech influence on Slovak was protested by Slovak scholars, and when Slovakia broke off from Czechoslovakia in 1938 as the 5966: 3209:, distinguishing between singular and plural. Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five require subject and direct object noun phrases to be declined in the genitive plural instead of the nominative or accusative, and when used as subjects these phrases take singular verbs. For example: 1109: 6450:, mutual intelligibility declined for younger speakers, probably because Czech speakers began to experience less exposure to Slovak and vice versa. A 2015 study involving participants with a mean age of around 23 nonetheless concluded that there remained a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages. Grammatically, both languages share a common syntax. 4886:(1579–1613) period and of the language used by his contemporaries. He borrowed words not present in Czech from other Slavic languages or created neologisms. Standard Czech is the formal register of the language which is used in official documents, formal literature, newspaper articles, education and occasionally public speeches. It is codified by the 999:) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use. 3998:) implies future action; in others, it connotes habitual action. The perfective present is used to refer to completion of actions in the future and is distinguished from the imperfective future tense, which refers to actions that will be ongoing in the future. The future tense is regularly formed using the future conjugation of 6123:, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). In the 2011 census, where respondents could optionally specify up to two first languages, 62,908 Czech citizens specified Moravian as their first language and 45,561 specified both Moravian and Czech. 1002:

Adherence to historical patterns was later relaxed and standard Czech adopted a number of features from Common Czech (a widespread, informally used interdialectal variety), such as leaving some proper nouns undeclined. This has resulted in a relatively high level of homogeneity among all varieties of

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is typical of other Latin European languages. Ordinal numbers (1st) use a point, as in German (1.). The Czech language uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point. When writing a long number, spaces between every three digits, including those in decimal places, may be used for better orientation

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The modern standard Czech language originates in standardization efforts of the 18th century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs

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Apart from the Common Czech vernacular, there remain a variety of other Bohemian dialects, mostly in marginal rural areas. Dialect use began to weaken in the second half of the 20th century, and by the early 1990s regional dialect use was stigmatized, associated with the shrinking lower class and

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There was no standardization distinguishing between Czech and Slovak prior to the 15th century. In the 16th century, the division between Czech and Slovak becomes apparent, marking the confessional division between Lutheran Protestants in Slovakia using Czech orthography and Catholics, especially

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The Bohemian (Czech) language is first recorded in writing in glosses and short notes during the 12th to 13th centuries. Literary works written in Czech appear in the late 13th and early 14th century and administrative documents first appear towards the late 14th century. The first complete

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and some verbs require their complements to be declined in a certain case. The locative case is only used after prepositions. An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it modifies. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

4740:(the latter five uncommon outside Czech). The last two letters are sometimes written with a comma above (ʼ, an abbreviated háček) because of their height. Czech orthography has influenced the orthographies of other Balto-Slavic languages and some of its characters have been adopted for 2915:, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives, participles, most pronouns, and the numbers "one" and "two" are marked for gender and agree with the gender of the noun they modify or refer to. Past tense verbs are also marked for gender, agreeing with the gender of the subject, e.g. 6593:

Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is

1994:(minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables). In all words of more than two syllables, every odd-numbered syllable receives secondary stress. Stress is unrelated to vowel length; both long and short vowels can be stressed or unstressed. Vowels are never reduced in tone (e.g. to 797:

The term "Old Czech" is applied to the period predating the 16th century, with the earliest records of the high medieval period also classified as "early Old Czech", but the term "Medieval Czech" is also used. The function of the written language was initially performed by

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Beginning in the sixteenth century, some varieties of Czech resembled Slovak; the southeastern Moravian dialects form a continuum between the Czech and Slovak languages, using the same declension patterns for nouns and pronouns and the same verb conjugations as Slovak.

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A popular misconception holds that eastern Moravian dialects are closer to Slovak than Czech, but this is incorrect; in fact, the opposite is true, and certain dialects in far western Slovakia exhibit features more akin to standard Czech than to standard Slovak.

4964:). This is an academic distinction; most Czechs are unaware of the term or associate it with deformed or "incorrect" Czech. Compared to Standard Czech, Common Czech is characterized by simpler inflection patterns and differences in sound distribution. 1058:

since 2004), Czech is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012

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had a negative impact on the further use of the Czech language. In 1627, Czech and German became official languages of the Kingdom of Bohemia and in the 18th century German became dominant in Bohemia and Moravia, especially among the upper classes.

3645:. While two of these nouns are neuter in their singular forms, all plural forms are considered feminine; their gender is relevant to their associated adjectives and verbs. These forms are plural semantically, used for any non-singular count, as in 888:

between 1579 and 1593 (the first complete Czech translation of the Bible from the original languages) became very important for standardization of the Czech language in the following centuries as it was used as a model for the standard language.

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Czech vocabulary derives primarily from Slavic, Baltic and other Indo-European roots. Although most verbs have Balto-Slavic origins, pronouns, prepositions and some verbs have wider, Indo-European roots. Some loanwords have been restructured by

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of 1968, Slovak gained independence from (and equality with) Czech, due to the transformation of Czechoslovakia from a unitary state to a federation. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, "Czechoslovak" has referred to improvised

5191:, which was once a productive form, but now is almost extinct and retained in a lexically specific set of words. In Common Czech the ending became productive again around the 17th century, but used as a substitute for a regular plural form. 2927:(it did, or made). Gender also plays a semantic role; most nouns that describe people and animals, including personal names, have separate masculine and feminine forms which are normally formed by adding a suffix to the stem, for example 1204: 618:

period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the

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and pronouns) appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot can contain a subject or object, a main form of a verb, an adverb, or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions

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construction (like English), in colloquial style, word-order changes frequently replace the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed Paul" to "Paul was killed by Peter" the order of subject and object is inverted:

3786:. Any verb of either aspect can be conjugated into either the past or present tense, but the future tense is only used with imperfective verbs. Aspect describes the state of the action at the time specified by the tense. 6457:

differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the

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Some prepositions require the nouns they modify to take a particular case. The cases assigned by each preposition are based on the physical (or metaphorical) direction, or location, conveyed by it. For example,

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of transitive verbs are declined in the accusative case. The vocative case is used to address people. The remaining cases (genitive, dative, locative and instrumental) indicate semantic relationships, such as

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used in literature or other media for comedic effect. Increased travel and media availability to dialect-speaking populations has encouraged them to shift to (or add to their own dialect) Standard Czech.

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Numbers decline for case, and the numbers one and two are also inflected for gender. Numbers one through five are shown below as examples. The number one has declension patterns identical to those of the

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in Slovak). The two lexicons are generally considered similar, with most differences found in colloquial vocabulary and some scientific terminology. Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.

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With the beginning of the national revival of the mid-18th century, Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the 15th through the 17th centuries, rebelling against the

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is based on that of the Central Bohemian dialect group, which has a slightly different set of vowel phonemes to Standard Czech. The phoneme /ɛː/ is peripheral and usually merges with /iː/, e.g. in

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The West Slavic languages are spoken in Central Europe. Czech is distinguished from other West Slavic languages by a more-restricted distinction between "hard" and "soft" consonants (see

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for first-person plural. Imperatives are usually expressed using perfective verbs if positive and imperfective verbs if negative. The conditional mood is formed with a conditional

12163: 11939: 12592: 12472: 1173:(the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most common home language in more than a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, 937:

can understand them with little difficulty. Sometime before the 18th century, the Czech language abandoned a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/ which survives in Slovak.

3778:(imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperfective verbs it is ongoing or repeated. This is distinct from 12188: 1090:

in Slovakia, Slovak citizens who speak only Czech may communicate with the government in their language to the extent that Slovak speakers in the Czech Republic may do so.

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The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (

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All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective

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would be classified as a Class I verb because of its endings. Examples of the present tense of each class and some common irregular verbs follow in the tables below:

10229: 7514: 1870:). Neutral consonants may take either character. Hard consonants are sometimes known as "strong", and soft ones as "weak". This distinction is also relevant to the 666:

and 25 consonants (divided into "hard", "neutral" and "soft" categories). Words may contain complicated consonant clusters or lack vowels altogether. Czech has a

12446: 12272: 1143: 12441: 872:, advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners (particularly in religion) and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language. 11652: 12210: 8080: 7378: 3975:

The present tense in Czech is formed by adding an ending that agrees with the person and number of the subject at the end of the verb stem. As Czech is a

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after the participle ending in -l which is used to form the past tense. This mood indicates hypothetical events and can also be used to express wishes.

10160: 12606: 12391: 8725: 6735: 12771: 975:

and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably,

11321: 8768: 2255:, with the topic or theme (known referents) preceding the focus or rheme (new information) in a sentence; Czech has therefore been described as a 12599: 10364: 9929: 9821: 9692: 12761: 9862: 9811: 12351: 10222: 2938:

Nouns of different genders follow different declension patterns. Examples of declension patterns for noun phrases of various genders follow:

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Všichni lidé rodí se svobodní a sobě rovní co do důstojnosti a práv. Jsou nadáni rozumem a svědomím a mají spolu jednat v duchu bratrství.

6446:; speakers of either language can communicate with greater ease than those of any other pair of West Slavic languages. Following the 1993 5956:

mladý člověk – young man/person, mladí lidé – young people, mladý stát – young state, mladá žena – young woman, mladé zvíře – young animal

12089: 9768: 9763: 9758: 8550: 4150: 4144: 6784: 10475: 9975: 8532:"Problematyka czeszczyzny potocznej nieliterackiej (tzw. obecná čeština) na łamach czasopisma "Naše řeč" w latach dziewięćdziesiątych" 2530:, Czech marks subject nouns of transitive and intransitive verbs in the nominative case, which is the form found in dictionaries, and 10182: 8504: 1761: 273: 6091:

Traditional territory of the main dialect groups of Moravia and Czech Silesia. Green: Central Moravian, Red: East Moravian, Yellow:

12751: 12330: 11418: 10691: 10215: 9960: 7273: 3601:("both"), which decline the same way. Some nouns for paired body parts use a historical dual form to express plural in some cases: 3987:

and a further ending which agrees with the gender and number of the subject. For the first and second persons, the auxiliary verb

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sounds) when unstressed. When a noun is preceded by a monosyllabic preposition, the stress usually moves to the preposition, e.g.

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Common Czech has become ubiquitous in most parts of the Czech Republic since the later 20th century. It is usually defined as an

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tendency of merging the locative singular masculine/neuter for adjectives with the instrumental by changing the locative ending

2749:(out of, off) assign the genitive case. Other prepositions take one of several cases, with their meaning dependent on the case; 11316: 10004: 4920:

These varieties of the language (Standard Czech, spoken/colloquial Standard Czech, Common Czech, and regional dialects) form a

3749: 3888:(to lie down, to be lying down)—have no perfective form. Conversely, verbs describing immediate states of change—for example, 12477: 10145: 9909: 9826: 9608: 9578: 9559: 9540: 9512: 9493: 9474: 9455: 9436: 9417: 9398: 9379: 9356: 9324: 9305: 9286: 9263: 9244: 9225: 9206: 9187: 9164: 9145: 8394: 6916: 6856: 6656: 6615: 6545: 8587: 10262: 9836: 9831: 7306: 4835:

phrases (except personal and settlement names), only the first word and proper nouns inside such phrases are capitalized (

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in 1620, the Protestant intellectuals had to leave the country. This emigration together with other consequences of the

12147: 11929: 11176: 10088: 10051: 10021: 9884: 7313: 2527: 1908: 1770: 857:, also dates to this period. Old Czech texts, including poetry and cookbooks, were also produced outside universities. 9637: 9082: 4917:

remain more widespread and diverse, with a political movement for Moravian linguistic revival active since the 1990s.

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with its associated noun in gender, number and case. Relative clauses follow the noun they modify. The following is a

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Ministry of Interior of Poland: Act of 6 January 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on the regional languages

546: 475: 3829:. In suffix pairs, a different infinitive ending is added to the perfective stem; for example, the perfective verbs 12183: 12076: 11966: 10155: 10041: 10036: 9924: 9899: 8294:

Berger, Tilman. "Religion and diacritics: The case of Czech orthography". In Baddeley, Susan; Voeste, Anja (eds.).

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lost the war and Czechoslovakia reformed, Slovak developed somewhat on its own (with Czech influence); during the

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defines the spoken variety of Standard Czech as a compromise between Common Czech and the written standard, while

1903:) is very rare among languages and often claimed to be unique to Czech, though it also occurs in some dialects of 10549: 10492: 10238: 10031: 9990: 9904: 9889: 9867: 9799: 6512: 1912: 1630: 425: 268: 7008: 2227:

sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily

12766: 12756: 12482: 10468: 10442: 10350: 10056: 9850: 9678: 8794:"Tab. 614b Obyvatelstvo podle věku, mateřského jazyka a pohlaví (Population by Age, Mother Tongue, and Gender)" 8084: 7389: 7342: 6880: 3709:(we speak) is in the present tense and first-person plural; it is distinguished from other conjugations of the 1119: 6574:

and Latin, arrived before the Czech National Revival. More recent loanwords derive primarily from English and

3653:). The plural number paradigms of these nouns are a mixture of historical dual and plural forms. For example, 11480: 10175: 10070: 9985: 9943: 9877: 9780: 6447: 1703: 1602: 850: 790: 765: 295: 5039:(to fly), and a second native diphthong /ɛɪ̯/ occurs, usually in places where Standard Czech has /iː/, e.g. 326: 313: 12456: 12013: 11411: 11311: 9955: 8733: 1683: 1640: 1555: 5974: 4890:, who publish occasional reforms to the codification. The most recent reform took place in 1993. The term 1953: 1941:. In unvoiced environments, /r̝/ is realized as its voiceless allophone , a sound somewhere between Czech 1842: 1836: 1830: 1331: 1317: 1308: 1304: 1243: 1239: 1235: 11616: 11513: 11306: 10934: 10501: 10150: 10120: 10016: 9748: 7385: 6508: 4831:

in handwritten texts. The number 1,234,567.89101 may be written as 1234567,89101 or 1 234 567,891 01. In

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patterns of nouns, which vary according to whether the final consonant of the noun stem is hard or soft.

830: 263: 8829:"Otázka kodifikace spisovného moravského jazyka (The question of codifying a written Moravian language)" 4810:

features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most European languages that use the

3979:, the subject pronoun can be omitted unless it is needed for clarity. The past tense is formed using a 1118:

Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a

12704: 12639: 12040: 11611: 11341: 10779: 10110: 9919: 9753: 9710: 9111: 6844: 5005: 4852: 4119:. The imperative mood is formed by adding specific endings for each of three person–number categories: 2023:

by phonological processes to modify their meanings and grammatical functions, and the easily separable

1809: 1450: 1440: 771: 568: 104: 11662: 6570:

Most Czech loanwords originated in one of two time periods. Earlier loanwords, primarily from German,

142: 137: 12633: 12267: 12178: 11688: 11561: 11098: 10461: 9914: 9775: 5188: 3590: 1693: 1662: 1593: 1462: 1159: 1139: 1060: 11642: 7777: 7015: 6222:, Břetislav Koudela used the following sentence to highlight phonetic differences between dialects: 3845:. Imperfective verbs may undergo further morphology to make other imperfective verbs (iterative and 11138: 9628: 9137: 8729: 6822: 6135: 6082: 5996: 5094: 4974: 4921: 4887: 4857: 2340: 2287: 2256: 1717: 596: 372: 1890:

occurs, which matches voicing to the following consonant. The unvoiced counterpart of /ɦ/ is /x/.

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The consonant phonemes of Czech and their equivalent letters in Czech orthography are as follows:

12746: 12627: 12570: 12277: 11404: 11199: 11116: 11044: 10835: 10792: 10508: 10191: 7213: 6120: 2363: 1503: 1493: 1472: 1181:. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, after 1166: 1155: 1151: 968: 881:

Slovak Jesuits, beginning to use a separate Slovak orthography based on Western Slovak dialects.

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spoken in the Czech Republic. The border areas, where German was formerly spoken, are now mixed.

3732:). It is the form found in dictionaries and the form that follows auxiliary verbs (for example, 699:

branch of the Indo-European language family. Czech and Slovak make up a "Czech–Slovak" subgroup.

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languages are limited. Czech inflects for case, gender and number in nouns and tense, aspect,

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of 98 percent of Czech citizens was Czech, the third-highest proportion of a population in the

931: 854: 842: 834: 704: 696: 620: 584: 232: 89: 11581: 11551: 8531: 4896:(lit. "Colloquial Czech") is sometimes used to refer to the spoken variety of standard Czech. 2515: 12730: 12253: 11229: 11183: 11108: 11086: 11001: 10990: 10798: 10770: 10749: 10560: 10515: 10373: 10196: 9980: 6698: 4665: 4002:(as shown in the table on the left) and the infinitive of an imperfective verb, for example, 3976: 3276: 2051: 1789: 1741: 1400: 1390: 838: 714: 708: 667: 564: 378: 99: 12022: 8499: 1966: 971:, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, 12055: 11678: 11647: 11533: 11245: 10739: 10709: 10668: 10588: 10424: 9718: 7349: 5146: 5105: 4653: 2518:

with her name declined in the genitive case in Czech (a sign probably from the time of the

1983: 1887: 1526: 1412: 967:('Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language'). Dobrovský had intended his book to be 907: 861: 9743: 8081:"Gramatická terminologie ve vyučování – Terminologie a platonický svět gramatických idejí" 4924:, in which contact between varieties of a similar prestige influences change within them. 919: 8: 12137: 12073: 11934: 11576: 11470: 11452: 11346: 11255: 11054: 11021: 10922: 10912: 10881: 10681: 10568: 10531: 10520: 10331: 10315: 10270: 9278: 8832: 8445: 6730: 6590:. Many Russian loanwords, principally animal names and naval terms, also exist in Czech. 3763: 2251:

sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used to distinguish

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Cummins, George M. (2005). "Literary Czech, Common Czech, and the Instrumental Plural".

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In some contexts, the present tense of perfective verbs (which differs from the English

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from the original languages. Its six volumes were first published between 1579 and 1593.

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Choosing Slovakia: Slavic Hungary, the Czechoslovak Language and Accidental Nationalism

8692: 7051: 6196: 5970: 4882:'s Czech–German dictionary published during 1834–1839. Jungmann used vocabulary of the 4014:(I will be happy). Some verbs of movement form their future tense by adding the prefix 3755: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3582: 3206: 2888: 2495: 2491: 2043: 1957: 1904: 1355: 730: 11828: 11331: 960: 923: 364: 12541: 12536: 12050: 11944: 11596: 11507: 11502: 11490: 11485: 11366: 11356: 11217: 11133: 11071: 10974: 10956: 10939: 10896: 10870: 10816: 10811: 10734: 10699: 10618: 10541: 10403: 10300: 10275: 10125: 9604: 9574: 9555: 9536: 9508: 9489: 9470: 9451: 9432: 9413: 9394: 9375: 9368: 9352: 9320: 9317:

The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide (World of Linguistics)

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in a slow rise from low to high, quickly dropping to low on the last word or phrase.

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Literary activity becomes widespread in the early 15th century in the context of the

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with unvoiced counterparts are unvoiced at the end of a word before a pause, and in

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Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment: The Processing Issues

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calls Common Czech an intersection of spoken Standard Czech and regional dialects.

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tried to declare Czech to be the only official language of the kingdom. After the

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The most widely spoken vernacular form of the language is called "Common Czech" (

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and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in

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carry-SG.M.PST be-1.SG box-SG.ACC into house-SG.GEN with own-SG.INS friend-SG.INS

2656: 2587: 2540: 2347: 2280: 2120: 1961: 1728: 1384: 1372: 1198: 899: 894: 822: 742: 726: 608: 588: 580: 76: 11800: 6911:(in Czech). Prague: Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta. pp. 102, 130. 6536:

of the languages which have arisen from the decrease in mutual intelligibility.

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Many verbs have only one aspect, and verbs describing continual states of being—

944:(the Habsburg re-catholization efforts which had denigrated Czech and other non- 12644: 12142: 11765: 11742: 11586: 11571: 11386: 11361: 11154: 11076: 11066: 11009: 10724: 10627: 10408: 9790: 9701: 9159:(9th ed.). International Phonetic Association/Cambridge University Press. 7307:"Czech Language Programs and Czech as a Heritage Language in the United States" 6571: 6557: 6552: 5097:

features that are more or less common among all Common Czech speakers include:

5001: 4879: 4861: 4823: 4132: 2498:(masculine, feminine and neuter). The masculine gender is further divided into 2228: 1971: 1427: 1123: 1122:

in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of

1099: 1064: 1055: 1040: 1036: 1028: 972: 945: 745:. Slovak is the most closely related language to Czech, followed by Polish and 576: 572: 556: 491: 206: 201: 172: 158: 47: 8886: 8869: 7250: 6753: 5973:

from 1591. The inscription features the distinctive Bohemian diphthong

4868:

The modern literary standard and prestige variety, known as "Standard Czech" (

4864:, whose Czech–German dictionary laid the foundations for modern Standard Czech 3657:(legs; nominative/accusative) is a standard plural form of this type of noun. 2510: 2468:

want-1SG visit-INF university-SG.ACC, on which-SG.F.ACC attend-3SG John.SG.NOM

1086:

Czech speakers in Slovakia primarily live in cities. Since it is a recognized

575:. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the 12740: 12531: 12300: 11951: 11462: 11336: 11326: 11026: 10902: 10647: 10573: 10093: 9738: 8796:(in Czech). Český statistický úřad (Czech Statistical Office). March 26, 2011 8583: 8546: 8356: 7220: 6720: 6643: 6528: 6463: 6092: 6078: 4941: 4909:

influenced by spoken Standard Czech and the Central Bohemian dialects of the

4840: 4795:

are not considered separate letters in the alphabetical order. The character

4647: 3846: 3783: 2891:—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into 2702: 2679: 2610: 2531: 2263: 1623: 1546: 1433: 1032: 885: 826: 738: 734: 652: 615: 178: 147: 11795: 9601:

Moravians in Prague: A Sociolinguistic Study of Dialect Contact in the Czech

8155: 7279:. Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity. Archived from 6890: 5248:

Examples of declension (Standard Czech is added in italics for comparison):

2755:

means "onto" or "for" with the accusative case, but "on" with the locative.

12398: 11853: 11805: 10944: 9967: 9090: 6520: 6516: 6219: 6023: 5986: 4989: 4906: 4811: 4800: 4752: 4748: 3884: 3872: 3688: 2536: 2055: 1174: 1112: 953: 811: 636: 168: 11871: 9670: 9533:

A Lateral Theory of Phonology: What is CVCV, and why Should it Be?, Part 1

9391:

A Functional Analysis of Present Day English on a General Linguistic Basis

6563: 3774: 2543:(dative), or agents in passive constructions (instrumental). Additionally 2514:

A street sign in German (top) and Czech (bottom) for a street named after

952:

studied sixteenth-century texts, advocating the return of the language to

348: 12032: 11978: 11973: 11657: 11273: 11260: 9816: 9652: 9642: 6524: 4913:

region. Other Bohemian regional dialects have become marginalized, while

4832: 4827: 4815: 2633: 2544: 2351: 2260: 2047: 1937: 1103: 926:, whose writing played a key role in reviving Czech as a written language 833:

took place during the 9th and 10th centuries. The diversification of the

818: 659: 331: 318: 12670: 11780: 11014: 10342: 8696: 7453: 6626: 6596: 6057: 4632: 4037: 3768: 3705: 3280: 2286:

A word at the end of a clause is typically emphasized, unless an upward

691: 400: 12357: 12344: 11810: 11210: 11189: 11081: 10098: 9728: 6758: 6725: 4807: 4689: 4108: 3980: 3866: 3779: 3710: 3692: 3680: 2346:

In modern Czech syntax, adjectives precede nouns, with few exceptions.

2216: 2020: 956:. This period is known as the Czech National Revival (or Renaissance). 628: 600: 12377: 12103: 10130: 9345:

N.S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure

6638: 6610: 6099:, Orange: Bohemian–Moravian transitional dialects, Purple: Mixed areas 5965: 4010:

has a noun or adjective complement it means "I will be", for example,

2751: 2084: 12651: 12412: 12337: 11848: 11235: 11061: 11049: 10078: 8940:"Closely-related languages in contact: Czech, Slovak, "Czechoslovak"" 8243:; Nekvápil, Jiří. Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. Jr. (eds.). 6499:), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded 5109: 5012: 4967:

Common Czech is distinguished from spoken/colloquial Standard Czech (

4819: 2615:

Noun adjuncts, possession, prepositions of motion, time and location

2309:– The dog eats the baguette (rather than doing something else to it). 1880: 1178: 1135: 1016: 949: 663: 357: 341: 305: 287: 12437:

Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia

12405: 9656: 6162: 6087: 3878: 3637: 3613: 3603: 2745: 1219: 902:(of predominantly Protestant aristocracy) which was defeated by the 841:

began around that time, marked among other things by its use of the

12713: 12369: 11843: 11838: 11790: 11280: 11204: 11162: 10453: 6706: 6523:), literary Slovak was deliberately distanced from Czech. When the 6033: 4657: 2058:. Adverbs are primarily formed from adjectives by taking the final 1991: 1987: 1866: 1131: 1072: 1068: 903: 675: 443: 416: regions where Czech is the language of a significant minority 252: 12665: 9522:

Short, David (2009). "Czech and Slovak". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).

4153:, which determine their conjugation patterns. The future tense of 3754:

Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two

3627: 1825:

Czech consonants are categorized as "hard", "neutral", or "soft":

12259: 11833: 11820: 11775: 11695: 11427: 11396: 11267: 11223: 8606:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

7037:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

6454: 6108: 6104: 4997: 4993: 4953: 4661: 2892: 2499: 2320: 1231: 1080: 1048: 865: 671: 648: 640: 483: 439: 247: 237: 227: 11770: 8870:"Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages" 7519:

Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics

2739: 2303:– The dog eats the baguette (rather than someone else doing so). 2297:– The dog eats the baguette (rather than eating something else). 2114:

A Czech-language sign at the entrance to a children's playground

1054:

As the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the

12384: 12363: 6533: 6468: 5153: 5102: 4957: 4910: 3586: 2362:"which", "that" and "who"/"whom". As with other adjectives, it 2324: 2039: 1108: 1076: 1044: 1020: 821:

reached Central Europe, settling on the eastern fringes of the

658:

Czech has a moderately-sized phoneme inventory, comprising ten

632: 242: 57: 12419: 11747: 9647: 6969: 6967: 2486:

In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven

517: 12306: 11785: 9338:(in Czech). Československé státní pedagogické nakladatelství. 7517:(2018). Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.). 6632: 6620: 3766:. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, 2758:

This is a glossed example of a sentence using several cases:

2215:

to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on

2024: 1995: 1228: 1127: 1063:. The five countries with the greatest use of Czech were the 845:

consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable.

807: 604: 461: 9662: 959:

During the national revival, in 1809 linguist and historian

11757: 11729: 9872: 9733: 9723: 6964: 1298:

indicates that the previous consonant is palatalized (e.g.

1035:

survey conducted from January to March 2012 found that the

655:

are considerably more varied than the dialects of Bohemia.

614:

The Czech–Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the

538: 526: 523: 508: 464: 6847:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 1895: 1293: 781: 679: 442:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

9624: 4692:(ˇ) is used with certain letters to form new characters: 1261:

In Czech orthography, the vowels are spelled as follows:

963:

released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled

410: regions where Czech is the language of the majority 8769:"Sčítání lidu a moravská národnost. Přihlásíte se k ní?" 6614:. Some Czech words have been borrowed as loanwords into 1970:("Stick finger through throat") is a well-known Czech 12447:

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland

5183:(with the good people, women, guys, towns) – standard: 3793:(to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective 2015:

Czech grammar, like that of other Slavic languages, is

12442:

Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession

9314: 8814: 8754: 7715:

Incorporating Corpora: The Linguist and the Translator

3900:(to become enthusiastic)—have no imperfective aspect. 3849:

forms), denoting repeated or regular action. The verb

2730:

Passive agents, instruments, prepositions of location

12702: 9218:

Varieties of Czech: Studies in Czech Sociolinguistics

8986: 8984: 8982: 8894: 7140: 7138: 6437: 5244:(Common Czech locative/instrumental with shortening). 3679:(singular or plural), and in constructions involving 2315:– Does the dog eat the baguette? (emphasis ambiguous) 2219:, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a 2082:. Negative statements are formed by adding the affix 1907:, and formerly occurred in Polish. It represents the 1027:

Czech is spoken by about 10 million residents of the

547: 529: 476: 467: 8943:. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 8808: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8021: 8019: 7994: 7992: 7721: 7694: 6688: 6138:

in 2003 recognized the following Moravian dialects:

5999:

in 2003 recognized the following Bohemian dialects:

4656:

of all European languages. Its alphabet contains 42

4636:

The handwritten Czech alphabet, without a Q, W and X

2465:

Chc-i navštív-it universit-u, na kter-ou chod-í Jan.

2271:("Peter killed Paul") becomes "Paul, Peter killed" ( 868:

contributed significantly to the standardization of

603:. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by 535: 505: 10237: 9001: 8999: 7425: 7113: 7111: 6930: 6928: 1246:; the last two are found only in loanwords such as 520: 514: 511: 9367: 9343:Liberman, Anatoly; Trubetskoi, Nikolai S. (2001). 9342: 9157:Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 8979: 8938: 8498: 8173: 7135: 6979: 6958: 6946: 3687:. They are conjugated for tense (past, present or 2088:to the main verb of a clause, with one exception: 674:in only a few other languages, represented by the 9502: 8867: 8386: 8179: 8031: 8016: 7989: 7157: 7155: 7153: 2872:Nes-l js-em krabic-i do dom-u se sv-ým přítel-em. 2490:which indicate their function in a sentence, two 2471:I want to visit the university that John attends. 2035:, person and subject number and gender in verbs. 12738: 9603:. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers. 9467:Natural Language Processing for Historical Texts 9196: 8996: 7857: 7185: 7173: 7108: 7102: 7090: 7074: 7072: 6925: 5187:In essence, this form resembles the form of the 2878:I carried the box into the house with my friend. 2661:Direct objects, prepositions of motion and time 2099: 965:Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache 791:translation of the Bible into the Czech language 9568: 9315:Kortmann, Bernd; van der Auwera, Johan (2011). 9005: 8868:Golubović, Jelena; Gooskens, Charlotte (2015). 8475: 7713:Anderman, Gunilla M.; Rogers, Margaret (2008). 6973: 6934: 5000:(by about two thirds of all inhabitants of the 4952:The main Czech vernacular, spoken primarily in 8263: 7712: 7150: 3797:(to write down). The most common prefixes are 2444: 2379: 11412: 10469: 10358: 10223: 9686: 9631:, the regulatory body for the Czech language 9173: 8863: 8861: 8786: 8239: 7078: 7069: 5198:in the masculine ending of past tense verbs: 4874:) is based on the standardization during the 3857:(to go regularly) and the frequentative form 3720:. The infinitive form of Czech verbs ends in 9653:Czech Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words 9526:(2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 305–330. 8492: 8490: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 5185:s těmi dobrými lidmi, ženami, chlapy, městy. 9700: 9549: 9258:(9th ed.). John Benjamins Publishing. 9154: 8153: 7543: 7501: 7440: 7413: 6431:Put the flour from the mill into the cart. 4968: 4900: 4891: 4869: 4145:Morphological classification of Czech verbs 4006:—"I will eat" or "I will be eating". Where 2290:indicates that the sentence is a question: 1999: 1325: 1312: 1299: 1282: 1274: 1266: 1253: 1247: 35: 29: 11419: 11405: 10476: 10462: 10365: 10351: 10230: 10216: 9693: 9679: 9464: 9256:Prague Studies in Mathematical Linguistics 8858: 8627: 8625: 7251:"Language knowledge in the European Union" 6985: 4878:in the 1830s, significantly influenced by 4822:, and the first letters of quotations are 3991:conjugated in the present tense is added. 1006: 399: 10372: 9503:Rothstein, Björn; Thieroff, Rolf (2010). 9450:(in Czech). Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR. 9388: 8990: 8936: 8885: 8654: 8652: 8603: 8505:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 8487: 8359:, Internetová jazyková příručka, ÚJČ AVČR 7717:. Multilingual Matters. pp. 135–136. 7597:Charles University Institute of Phonetics 7426:Campbell, George L.; Gareth King (1984). 7248: 7034: 7009:"Slovaks in Czechia – Czechs in Slovakia" 6991: 6875:. Bloomington, Ind.: Slavica. p. 5. 6851:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 4660:, most of which correspond to individual 4018:to the present tense forms instead, e.g. 3683:, which includes the past tense, also in 3671:Czech verbs agree with their subjects in 2866: 2851: 2707:Prepositions of location, time and topic 2638:Indirect objects, prepositions of motion 1974:using syllabic consonants but no vowels. 627:, known as Common Czech, is based on the 274:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 12772:Slavic languages written in Latin script 9591:A grammar of Czech as a foreign language 9552:The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity 9445: 9426: 9334:Koudela, Břetislav; et al. (1964). 9253: 9234: 9134:Origins of the Czech National Renascence 8912: 8766: 8529: 8380: 8368: 8332: 8320: 8257: 8227: 8215: 8203: 8191: 8141: 8129: 8117: 8105: 8066: 8054: 8042: 8025: 8010: 7998: 7971: 7959: 7947: 7935: 7923: 7911: 7899: 7887: 7875: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7763: 7751: 7739: 7688: 7676: 7664: 7652: 7640: 7555: 7489: 7197: 6902: 6900: 6086: 5964: 4931: 4856: 4771:at the beginning of a word or morpheme ( 4631: 2771: 2509: 2109: 1843:/c/,/ɟ/,/j/,/ɲ/,/r̝/,/ʃ/,/t͡s/,/t͡ʃ/,/ʒ/ 1218: 1202: 1107: 1010: 918: 780: 690: 9569:Sussex, Rolan; Cubberley, Paul (2011). 9407: 9333: 9295: 9272: 9112:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 9083:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 8924: 8852: 8720: 8718: 8682: 8670: 8643: 8631: 8622: 8469: 8344: 8308: 8281: 8269: 7983: 7811: 7809: 7800: 7579: 7567: 7531: 7513: 7477: 7117: 6453:One study showed that Czech and Slovak 4149:Most Czech verbs fall into one of five 2862: 2847: 2824: 2805: 2801: 2790: 2767: 2459: 2455: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2405: 2401: 2331:without an interrogative word (such as 2066:of the base form and replacing it with 2019:; its nouns, verbs, and adjectives are 1848:Hard consonants may not be followed by 1234:, and three diphthongs. The vowels are 436:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 12739: 11317:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony 9598: 9530: 9483: 9215: 9197:Chloupek, Jan; Nekvapil, Jiří (1993). 8826: 8820: 8709: 8649: 8566: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8481: 8443: 8245:Language Planning and Policy in Europe 7628: 7616: 7161: 6906: 6817: 6815: 6442:Czech and Slovak have been considered 3837:(to sell) have the imperfective forms 3750:Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages 2283:, the grammatical object of the verb. 1893:The phoneme represented by the letter 1142:, Czech was reported as the commonest 725:language family. This branch includes 12231: 12119: 11887: 11531: 11439: 11400: 10457: 10346: 10211: 9674: 9587: 9521: 9507:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 9201:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 9174:Cerna, Iva; Machalek, Jolana (2007). 9131: 8930: 8900: 8658: 8496: 8431: 8419: 8078: 7727: 7700: 7208: 7206: 7144: 7129: 6897: 6843: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6672:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6657:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6555:to resemble native Czech words (e.g. 6546:List of English words of Czech origin 3861:(to go occasionally; to tend to go). 2828: 1915:: ), a sound somewhere between Czech 875: 776: 490: 382:(varieties: 53-AAA-daa to 53-AAA-dam) 10483: 9469:. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. 9365: 9336:Vývoj českého jazyka a dialektologie 9017: 8973: 8961: 8715: 8500:"The present-day situation of Czech" 8392: 8296:Orthographies in Early Modern Europe 8154:Karlík, Petr; Migdalski, Krzysztof. 7806: 7775: 7274:"Language Policy of Slovak Republic" 7058:(in Czech). Czech Language Institute 7049: 6870: 6066: 5960: 4160: 3703:). For example, the conjugated verb 2786: 2038:Parts of speech include adjectives, 12019:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis 9643:Czech Monolingual Online Dictionary 9155:Dankovičová, Jana (1999). "Czech". 8518: 8450:Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny 8397:. Oxford University. Archived from 8160:Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny 7782:Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny 7525: 7428:Compendium of the world's languages 7298: 7271: 6812: 6800: 3660: 695:Classification of Czech within the 13: 12169:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy 12148:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area 11426: 9663:Online Czech Grammar and Exercises 9486:The Qualls Concise English Grammar 9055: 9029: 8815:Kortmann & van der Auwera 2011 8755:Kortmann & van der Auwera 2011 8691:(2). Slavica Publishers: 271–297. 8293: 8083:. DominikLukeš.net. Archived from 7314:University of California, Berkeley 7304: 7203: 7006: 6768: 6747: 6438:Mutual intelligibility with Slovak 5071:(to be). In addition, a prothetic 4751:; long vowels are indicated by an 4688:appear only in foreign words. The 2931:(Czech man) has the feminine form 2903:, or a consonant; neuter nouns in 2775: 2390: 1909:raised alveolar non-sonorant trill 1227:Standard Czech contains ten basic 14: 12783: 12478:Moravian–Silesian Football League 9618: 6618:and other languages—for example, 6608:) in Russian, but in Czech it is 5240:(Common Czech instrumental) > 5138:malí lidé, malé ženy, malá města; 5075:is added to most words beginning 4783:elsewhere, except for loanwords ( 4755:or, in the case of the character 1808: 1796: 1769: 1740: 1716: 1702: 1692: 1682: 1661: 1649: 1639: 1629: 1601: 1592: 1564: 1554: 1525: 1514: 1502: 1492: 1471: 1461: 1449: 1439: 1411: 1399: 1389: 686: 12724: 12712: 12687: 12686: 12669: 12664: 12102: 11870: 10438: 10437: 9789: 9273:Harkins, William Edward (1952). 9199:Studies in Functional Stylistics 9104: 9075: 9049: 9023: 9011: 8967: 8955: 8937:Nábělková, Mira (January 2007). 8918: 8906: 8846: 8767:Zvoníček, Jiří (30 March 2021). 8760: 8748: 8703: 8676: 8664: 8637: 8597: 8593:from the original on 2019-05-10. 8560: 8556:from the original on 2019-05-05. 8463: 8437: 8425: 8413: 8395:"CZECH LITERATURE, 1774 TO 1918" 8374: 8362: 8350: 8338: 8326: 8314: 6873:A grammar of contemporary Polish 6705: 6691: 6646:woman" or from "půlka" "half"). 6046:(Northeastern Bohemian dialects) 6012:(Southwestern Bohemian dialects) 4676:in the alphabet. The characters 3593:forms remain, such as the words 2957:Black backpack (m. inanim. sg.) 2494:(singular and plural) and three 1307:). After a labial it represents 1093: 501: 457: 12752:Languages of the Czech Republic 10239:Languages of the Czech Republic 9648:Online Translation Dictionaries 9505:Mood in the Languages of Europe 8302: 8287: 8275: 8251: 8233: 8221: 8209: 8197: 8185: 8147: 8135: 8123: 8111: 8099: 8072: 8060: 8048: 8004: 7977: 7965: 7953: 7941: 7929: 7917: 7905: 7893: 7881: 7869: 7845: 7833: 7821: 7794: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7706: 7682: 7670: 7658: 7646: 7634: 7622: 7610: 7585: 7573: 7561: 7549: 7537: 7507: 7495: 7483: 7471: 7446: 7434: 7419: 7407: 7371: 7359:from the original on 2008-10-06 7335: 7323:from the original on 2013-03-02 7265: 7242: 7230:from the original on 2012-06-22 7214:"Europeans and Their Languages" 7191: 7179: 7167: 7123: 7096: 7084: 7043: 7028: 6952: 6940: 6649: 5224:and then shortening the vowel: 4927: 4138: 3853:(to go) has the iterative form 2200:(masculine inanimate, feminine) 1837:/b/,/f/,/l/,/m/,/p/,/s/,/v/,/z/ 1831:/d/,/ɡ/,/ɦ/,/k/,/n/,/r/,/t/,/x/ 914: 829:formed by the 9th century. The 670:, which is known to occur as a 591:to a lesser degree. Czech is a 269:Institute of the Czech Language 11930:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39) 11177:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin 9573:. Cambridge Language Surveys. 6959:Liberman & Trubetskoi 2001 6947:Liberman & Trubetskoi 2001 6864: 6849:English Pronouncing Dictionary 6837: 6791: 4627: 2528:nominative–accusative language 1238:, and their long counterparts 753: 579:. Czech is closely related to 495:), historically also known as 1: 12762:Subject–verb–object languages 12593:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat 11532: 11481:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite 9125: 8685:Journal of Slavic Linguistics 8180:Rothstein & Thieroff 2010 7778:"SLOVOSLED NOMINÁLNÍ SKUPINY" 7039:. Springer. pp. 134–135. 6807:IANA language subtag registry 6539: 6448:dissolution of Czechoslovakia 6103:The Czech dialects spoken in 5232:(standard instrumental) > 4799:exists only in loanwords and 4664:, and only contains only one 4127:for second-person plural and 3205:Nouns are also inflected for 3015:(without the black backpack) 2475: 2100:Sentence and clause structure 1864:(except in loanwords such as 1337: 1120:Less Commonly Taught Language 825:. The West Slavic polity of 766:History of the Czech language 12457:Pentecostal Church in Poland 11888: 11567:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie 11312:Slavic second palatalization 9550:Stankiewicz, Edward (1986). 9465:Piotrowski, Michael (2012). 9366:Mann, Stuart Edward (1957). 9132:Agnew, Hugh LeCaine (1994). 7249:van Parys, Jonathan (2012). 7186:Chloupek & Nekvapil 1993 7174:Chloupek & Nekvapil 1993 7103:Chloupek & Nekvapil 1993 7091:Chloupek & Nekvapil 1993 6809:, retrieved October 15, 2018 6736:Swadesh list of Slavic words 6507:and other Slavs. During the 6218:In a 1964 textbook on Czech 6145:(Bohemian–Moravian dialects) 4960:, is known as Common Czech ( 4846: 4123:for second-person singular, 1856:in writing, or soft ones by 1192: 817:Around the 7th century, the 7: 12232: 12120: 11617:Silesian-Moravian Foothills 11440: 11307:Slavic first palatalization 9749:Lands of the Bohemian Crown 9524:The World's Major Languages 9429:Czech: An Essential Grammar 9412:. Tauris Academic Studies. 9408:Maxwell, Alexander (2009). 9062:Online Etymology Dictionary 9036:Online Etymology Dictionary 9006:Sussex & Cubberley 2011 8569:"Hovorová spisovná čeština" 6974:Sussex & Cubberley 2011 6935:Sussex & Cubberley 2011 6684: 6509:First Czechoslovak Republic 6224: 6175:(Eastern Moravian dialects) 6151:(Central Moravian dialects) 6006:(Central Bohemian dialects) 4747:Czech orthography reflects 4742:transliteration of Cyrillic 3243:three Czech crowns were... 3147:(about the black backpack) 3081:(I see the black backpack) 2358:, analogous to the English 2092:(he, she or it is) becomes 831:Christianization of Bohemia 10: 12788: 12640:Silesian Autonomy Movement 12283:Silesian Museum (Katowice) 11612:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands 9484:Qualls, Eduard J. (2012). 9448:Pravidla českého pravopisu 9296:Komárek, Miroslav (2012). 8728:. Český statistický úřad ( 8604:Kamusella, Tomasz (2008). 8530:Balowska, Grażyna (2006). 7454:"Psaní i – y po písmenu c" 7035:Kamusella, Tomasz (2008). 6543: 6076: 6070: 5984: 5136:(small towns) – standard: 4850: 4652:Czech has one of the most 4645: 4639: 4142: 3747: 3675:(first, second or third), 3664: 3263:five Czech crowns were... 3257:čtyři koruny české byly... 3253:four Czech crowns were... 3227:jedna koruna česká byla... 3180:(with the black backpack) 2887:Czech distinguishes three 2479: 2103: 2010: 1240:/aː/,/ɛː/,/iː/,/oː/and/uː/ 1196: 1097: 929: 772:History of the Czech lands 769: 763: 759: 702: 635:, but is now spoken as an 405:The Czech-speaking world: 12682: 12662: 12634:Landsmannschaft Schlesien 12620: 12584: 12566: 12559: 12507: 12500: 12465: 12429: 12291: 12249: 12242: 12238: 12227: 12203: 12179:Upper Silesian Coal Basin 12174:Lower Silesian Coal Basin 12164:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy 12156: 12130: 12126: 12115: 12100: 12072: 12031: 12004: 11997: 11905: 11898: 11894: 11883: 11868: 11819: 11756: 11728: 11721: 11689:Moravian-Silesian Beskids 11671: 11635: 11562:Lower Silesian Wilderness 11544: 11540: 11527: 11448: 11435: 11380: 11297: 11244: 11153: 11107: 11099:Slavic dialects of Greece 11035: 11000: 10989: 10955: 10853: 10778: 10769: 10708: 10690: 10667: 10658: 10559: 10491: 10433: 10417: 10396: 10380: 10324: 10261: 10245: 10169: 10069: 10012: 10003: 9951: 9942: 9858: 9849: 9807: 9798: 9787: 9709: 9389:Mathesius, Vilém (2013). 8887:10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 8608:. Springer. p. 506. 8497:Daneš, František (2003). 7593:"Sound Patterns of Czech" 7079:Cerna & Machalek 2007 7052:"O jazyce Kralické bible" 6825:. Encyclopædia Britannica 6515:(which then aligned with 6503:and (to a lesser extent) 6213: 6044:Nářečí severovýchodočeská 5607: 5277: 5236:(Common Czech locative), 5210:(he pricked) – standard: 5194:omission of the syllabic 4992:used in common speech in 3894:(to become pregnant) and 3743: 3267:pět korun českých bylo... 3233:two Czech crowns were... 3200: 2948: 2945: 2882: 2724: 2701: 2678: 2655: 2632: 2609: 2586: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 1977: 1788: 1727: 1616: 1539: 1426: 1383: 1347: 1324:is pronounced /mɲɛ/, cf. 1214: 1140:2000 United States Census 1061:European Day of Languages 1015:Official use of Czech in 713:Czech is a member of the 623:. The most widely spoken 422: 398: 386: 371: 355: 339: 303: 285: 280: 262: 215: 194:Official language in 192: 187: 155: 126: 73: 63: 53: 43: 28: 23: 12085:Lower Silesian and Opole 12014:Moravian–Silesian Region 9863:Administrative divisions 9629:Czech Language Institute 9427:Naughton, James (2005). 9370:Czech Historical Grammar 9300:(in Czech). Brno: Host. 9138:University of Pittsburgh 8730:Czech Statistical Office 8578:(in Czech) (2). Prague. 8541:(in Polish) (1). Opole. 7458:Czech Language Institute 7379:"Languages of the U.S.A" 6741: 6136:Czech Statistical Office 6083:Cieszyn Silesian dialect 5997:Czech Statistical Office 4888:Czech Language Institute 3903: 3247:tři koruny české byly... 3237:dvě koruny české byly... 3048:(to the black backpack) 3029:(without the hard wood) 3022:(without the small cat) 2257:topic-prominent language 1169:. With the exception of 599:and relatively flexible 69:10.6 million (2015) 12278:Silesian Museum (Opava) 11663:Slezská Harta Reservoir 9531:Scheer, Tobias (2004). 9374:. Helmut Buske Verlag. 9235:Esposito, Anna (2011). 8827:Šustek, Zbyšek (1998). 8732:). 2003. Archived from 8726:"Map of Czech Dialects" 8156:"FUTURUM (budoucí čas)" 8079:Lukeš, Dominik (2001). 6871:Swan, Oscar E. (2002). 6764:(subscription required) 6121:Austro-Hungarian Empire 6054:Podskupina podkrknošská 5004:). Common Czech is not 4977:within standard Czech. 4103:Czech verbs have three 4029: 3589:, several residuals of 3223:one Czech crown was... 2954:Big dog (m. anim. sg.) 2923:(she did, or made) and 2505: 2259:. Although Czech has a 1167:Republic County, Kansas 1144:language spoken at home 1007:Geographic distribution 979:in place of the former 884:The publication of the 789:was the first complete 583:, to the point of high 12483:National football team 11643:Jezioro Goczałkowickie 11627:Zielona Góra Acclivity 9599:Wilson, James (2009). 9277:. King's Crown Press ( 9275:A Modern Czech Grammar 9254:Hajičová, Eva (1986). 8567:Štěpán, Josef (2015). 7016:University of Tübingen 6173:Nářečí východomoravská 6100: 6010:Nářečí jihozápadočeská 5982: 5090:(to open the window). 4969: 4956:including the capital 4949: 4901: 4892: 4876:Czech National Revival 4870: 4865: 4853:Czech–Slovak languages 4654:phonemic orthographies 4637: 3161:(about the hard wood) 3154:(about the small cat) 3095:(I see the hard wood) 3088:(I see the small cat) 3008:(without the big dog) 2743:(from, away from) and 2523: 2354:such as the adjective 2115: 2000: 1982:Each word has primary 1326: 1313: 1300: 1283: 1275: 1267: 1254: 1248: 1236:/a/,/ɛ/,/ɪ/,/o/,and/u/ 1224: 1211: 1126:live in the states of 1115: 1024: 932:Czech National Revival 927: 892:In 1615, the Bohemian 855:Leskovec-Dresden Bible 843:voiced velar fricative 794: 705:Czech-Slovak languages 700: 621:Czech National Revival 595:with a rich system of 585:mutual intelligibility 560: 487: 424:This article contains 233:Bosnia and Herzegovina 36: 30: 12767:West Slavic languages 12757:Languages of Slovakia 12452:Roman Catholic Church 12273:Upper Silesian Museum 11230:Taimyr Pidgin Russian 10374:Languages of Slovakia 10135:(architectural style) 9657:Swadesh-list appendix 9638:Czech National Corpus 9625:Ústav pro jazyk český 9588:Tahal, Karel (2010). 9554:. Mouton De Gruyter. 9535:. Walter De Gruyter. 9319:. Mouton De Gruyter. 9298:Dějiny českého jazyka 8087:on September 23, 2011 7343:"Chapter 8: Language" 6907:Rejzek, Jiří (2021). 6699:Czech Republic portal 6444:mutually intelligible 6149:Nářečí středomoravská 6090: 6030:Podskupina doudlebská 5985:Further information: 5968: 5228:(standard locative), 4996:and western parts of 4935: 4860: 4851:Further information: 4814:, including English. 4635: 3977:null-subject language 3625:(genitive/locative); 3277:demonstrative pronoun 3194:(with the hard wood) 3187:(with the small cat) 2560:Ordinal name (Czech) 2513: 2500:animate and inanimate 2327:), questions such as 2113: 1964:in place of a vowel. 1935:), and is present in 1242:. The diphthongs are 1222: 1209: 1111: 1014: 922: 784: 709:West Slavic languages 703:Further information: 694: 668:raised alveolar trill 12473:Football Association 11648:Jezioro Otmuchowskie 10425:Slovak Sign Language 10161:World Heritage Sites 9976:Oil and gas deposits 9571:The Slavic Languages 9216:Eckert, Eva (1993). 7395:on February 20, 2009 7253:. Language Knowledge 6787:. Council of Europe. 6159:Podskupina tišnovská 6143:Nářečí českomoravská 4035:Conditional form of 3649:(face to face, lit. 3140:(about the big dog) 3074:(I see the big dog) 1888:voicing assimilation 862:Bohemian Reformation 625:non-standard variety 565:West Slavic language 16:West Slavic language 12138:Katowice urban area 12046:Lubusz Voivodeships 11582:Przedgórze Sudeckie 11552:Jelenia Góra valley 11256:Pan-Slavic language 11055:Burgenland Croatian 10935:Marcho-Magdeburgian 10532:Old Church Slavonic 10332:Czech Sign Language 9655:(from Wiktionary's 9431:. Routledge Press. 9279:Columbia University 9220:. Editions Rodopi. 8874:Russian Linguistics 8833:University of Tartu 8736:on December 1, 2012 7776:Uhlířová, Ludmila. 7050:Michálek, Emanuel. 6731:Czech Sign Language 6209:(Silesian dialects) 6197:Moravian Wallachian 6193:Podskupina valašská 6183:Podskupina slovácká 5031:(little flame) and 4936:Dialects of Czech, 4922:stylistic continuum 4791:). Long vowels and 4787:) or onomatopoeia ( 4767:is usually written 4422: 4042: 3914: 3756:grammatical aspects 3583:grammatical numbers 3173:(with the big dog) 3062:(to the hard wood) 3055:(to the small cat) 2963:Hard wood (n. sg.) 2960:Small cat (f. sg.) 2942: 2919:(he did, or made); 2684:Addressing someone 2553: 2249:subject–verb–object 2247:Czech syntax has a 2211:Because Czech uses 2195:(masculine animate) 2123: 2044:interrogative words 1244:/ou̯/,/au̯/and/ɛu̯/ 1223:A Czech vowel chart 1079:(0.98 percent) and 942:Counter-Reformation 639:throughout most of 492:[ˈtʃɛʃcɪna] 217:Recognised minority 12585:Unofficial anthems 11602:Silesian Przesieka 11592:Silesian Foothills 11342:Illič-Svityč's law 11322:Monophthongization 10830:Camaldolese Slovak 10643:Canadian Ukrainian 10509:Up to Proto-Slavic 10502:Proto-Balto-Slavic 10397:Minority languages 10263:Minority languages 9239:. Springer Press. 9020:, pp. 159–160 8927:, pp. 101–105 8712:, pp. 143–144 8673:, pp. 179–180 8661:, pp. 245–253 8444:Hoffmanová, Jana. 8230:, pp. 136–140 8218:, pp. 152–154 8132:, pp. 140–142 8069:, pp. 147–148 7878:, pp. 201–205 7842:, pp. 197–199 7305:Hrouda, Simone J. 7147:, pp. 251–252 6561:, "graveyard" and 6101: 6020:Podskupina chodská 6004:Nářečí středočeská 5983: 5979:⟨ey⟩ 5212:řekl, mohl, píchl. 4950: 4866: 4638: 4420: 4034: 3908: 3114:(black backpack!) 3012:bez černého batohu 2941: 2563:Full name (Czech) 2551: 2524: 2350:are introduced by 2118: 2116: 2027:characteristic of 1967:Strč prst skrz krk 1885:consonant clusters 1667:⟨ch⟩ 1322:⟨mě⟩ 1225: 1212: 1116: 1025: 948:languages). Czech 928: 876:Early Modern Czech 795: 777:Medieval/Old Czech 717:sub-branch of the 701: 569:Czech–Slovak group 12700: 12699: 12678: 12677: 12660: 12659: 12616: 12615: 12555: 12554: 12496: 12495: 12223: 12222: 12219: 12218: 12193:Rybnik Coal Areas 12184:Industrial Region 12111: 12110: 12098: 12097: 12068: 12067: 12064: 12063: 11879: 11878: 11866: 11865: 11862: 11861: 11597:Silesian Lowlands 11523: 11522: 11508:Battle of Leuthen 11503:Battle of Legnica 11491:Treaty of Teschen 11486:Treaty of Dresden 11394: 11393: 11387:extinct languages 11218:Solombala English 11149: 11148: 11072:Prekmurje Slovene 10985: 10984: 10765: 10764: 10619:Doukhobor Russian 10542:Glagolitic script 10451: 10450: 10404:Carpathian Romani 10381:Official language 10340: 10339: 10246:Official language 10205: 10204: 10065: 10064: 9999: 9998: 9938: 9937: 9930:Political parties 9895:Foreign relations 9845: 9844: 9744:Přemyslid dynasty 9610:978-3-631-58694-5 9580:978-0-521-29448-5 9561:978-3-11-009904-1 9542:978-3-11-017871-5 9514:978-90-272-0587-2 9495:978-1-890000-09-7 9476:978-1-60845-946-9 9457:978-80-901373-6-3 9446:Pansofia (1993). 9438:978-0-415-28785-2 9419:978-1-84885-074-3 9400:978-90-279-3077-4 9381:978-3-87118-261-7 9358:978-0-8223-2299-3 9326:978-3-11-022025-4 9307:978-80-7294-591-7 9288:978-0-231-09937-0 9265:978-90-272-1527-7 9246:978-3-642-25774-2 9227:978-90-5183-490-1 9208:978-90-272-1545-1 9189:978-0-7818-1156-9 9166:978-0-521-63751-0 9147:978-0-8229-8549-5 9056:Harper, Douglas. 9030:Harper, Douglas. 8773:Kroměřížský Deník 8393:Naughton, James. 8247:. pp. 78–79. 7643:, pp. v–viii 7272:Škrobák, Zdeněk. 6918:978-80-7422-799-8 6858:978-3-12-539683-8 6762:(18th ed., 2015) 6670:Article 1 of the 6654:Article 1 of the 6435: 6434: 6330:Eastern Moravian: 6296:Central Moravian: 6073:Moravian dialects 6067:Moravian dialects 5961:Bohemian dialects 5953: 5952: 5899:mladých zvířatech 4975:stylistic variety 4915:Moravian dialects 4642:Czech orthography 4624: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4416: 4415: 4105:grammatical moods 4101: 4100: 3973: 3972: 3882:(to be able to), 3772:(perfective) and 3667:Czech conjugation 3647:mezi čtyřma očima 3585:are singular and 3581:Although Czech's 3579: 3578: 3272: 3271: 3198: 3197: 3092:vidím tvrdé dřevo 3085:vidím malou kočku 3078:vidím černý batoh 3071:vidím velkého psa 3041:(to the big dog) 3026:bez tvrdého dřeva 2982:(black backpack) 2734: 2733: 2488:grammatical cases 2360:relative pronouns 2221:pro-drop language 2209: 2208: 1823: 1822: 1814:⟨j⟩ 1802:⟨l⟩ 1775:⟨ř⟩ 1746:⟨r⟩ 1722:⟨h⟩ 1708:⟨ž⟩ 1698:⟨z⟩ 1688:⟨v⟩ 1655:⟨š⟩ 1645:⟨s⟩ 1635:⟨f⟩ 1570:⟨č⟩ 1560:⟨c⟩ 1532:⟨g⟩ 1520:⟨ď⟩ 1508:⟨d⟩ 1498:⟨b⟩ 1477:⟨k⟩ 1467:⟨ť⟩ 1455:⟨t⟩ 1445:⟨p⟩ 1417:⟨ň⟩ 1405:⟨n⟩ 1395:⟨m⟩ 1276:á, é, í/ý, ó, ú/ů 1268:a, e/ě, i/y, o, u 1207: 1088:minority language 1071:(24.86 percent), 1067:(98.77 percent), 908:Thirty Years' War 870:Czech orthography 851:Bible translation 645:Moravian dialects 593:fusional language 450: 449: 432:rendering support 428:phonetic symbols. 264:Regulated by 12779: 12729: 12728: 12727: 12717: 12716: 12708: 12690: 12689: 12673: 12668: 12645:Marsz Autōnōmije 12564: 12563: 12525: 12524:(Lower Silesian) 12522:Silesian German 12505: 12504: 12488:Silesian Stadium 12318: 12268:Regional costume 12247: 12246: 12240: 12239: 12229: 12228: 12128: 12127: 12117: 12116: 12106: 12009:Jeseník District 12002: 12001: 11984:Austrian Silesia 11957:Silesia Province 11903: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11885: 11884: 11874: 11726: 11725: 11684:Silesian Beskids 11653:Jezioro Sławskie 11542: 11541: 11529: 11528: 11497:Book of Henryków 11437: 11436: 11421: 11414: 11407: 11398: 11397: 11288:Slavonic-Serbian 11139:Cieszyn Silesian 11010:Carpathian Rusyn 10998: 10997: 10776: 10775: 10665: 10664: 10550:Modern languages 10485:Slavic languages 10478: 10471: 10464: 10455: 10454: 10441: 10440: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10344: 10343: 10232: 10225: 10218: 10209: 10208: 10185: 10178: 10136: 10010: 10009: 9971: 9949: 9948: 9856: 9855: 9812:Cities and towns 9805: 9804: 9793: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9672: 9671: 9634: 9614: 9595: 9584: 9565: 9546: 9527: 9518: 9499: 9488:. Danaan Press. 9480: 9461: 9442: 9423: 9404: 9385: 9373: 9362: 9339: 9330: 9311: 9292: 9269: 9250: 9231: 9212: 9193: 9180:Hippocrene Books 9176:Beginner's Czech 9170: 9151: 9120: 9119: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9089:. Archived from 9079: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9009: 9003: 8994: 8988: 8977: 8971: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8942: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8865: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8722: 8713: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8629: 8620: 8619: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8573: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8536: 8527: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8502: 8494: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8441: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8029: 8023: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7890:, pp. 22–24 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7742:, pp. 10–11 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7656: 7655:, pp. 61–63 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7544:Dankovičová 1999 7541: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7511: 7505: 7502:Dankovičová 1999 7499: 7493: 7492:, pp. 20–21 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7450: 7444: 7443:, pp. 70–72 7441:Dankovičová 1999 7438: 7432: 7431: 7423: 7417: 7414:Dankovičová 1999 7411: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7394: 7388:. Archived from 7383: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7347: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7322: 7311: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7286:on July 26, 2014 7285: 7278: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7246: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7229: 7218: 7210: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7188:, pp. 93–95 7183: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7148: 7142: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7013: 7007:Berger, Tilman. 7004: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6976:, pp. 98–99 6971: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6937:, pp. 54–56 6932: 6923: 6922: 6904: 6895: 6894: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6823:"Czech language" 6819: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6766: 6765: 6751: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6578:, and also from 6501:German Bohemians 6225: 6097:Cieszyn Silesian 5980: 5976: 5524:mladém člověkovi 5251: 5250: 5120:(small people), 4983:Miroslav Komárek 4979:Tomasz Kamusella 4972: 4970:hovorová čeština 4946:Cieszyn Silesian 4904: 4895: 4893:hovorová čeština 4884:Bible of Kralice 4873: 4871:spisovná čeština 4672:, which follows 4423: 4421:Irregular verbs 4419: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4066:koupili/y bychom 4043: 4033: 3915: 3913:in future tense 3907: 3661:Verb conjugation 3621:(instrumental), 3287: 3286: 3212: 3211: 3177:s černým batohem 3059:ke tvrdému dřevu 3045:k černému batohu 2943: 2940: 2868: 2864: 2853: 2849: 2830: 2826: 2807: 2803: 2792: 2788: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2554: 2550: 2541:indirect objects 2482:Czech declension 2461: 2457: 2446: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2407: 2403: 2392: 2381: 2348:Relative clauses 2273:Pavla zabil Petr 2269:Petr zabil Pavla 2240:, "and even" or 2213:grammatical case 2124: 2119:Czech pronouns, 2117: 2106:Czech word order 2006: 1955: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1815: 1812: 1803: 1800: 1776: 1773: 1764: 1747: 1744: 1735: 1723: 1720: 1709: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1689: 1686: 1679: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1653: 1646: 1643: 1636: 1633: 1626: 1605: 1596: 1586: 1571: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1549: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1518: 1509: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1489: 1478: 1475: 1468: 1465: 1456: 1453: 1446: 1443: 1436: 1418: 1415: 1406: 1403: 1396: 1393: 1345: 1344: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1286: 1278: 1270: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1208: 1083:(0.47 percent). 1075:(1.93 percent), 819:Slavic expansion 787:Bible of Kralice 587:, as well as to 551: 545: 544: 541: 540: 537: 532: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 494: 479: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466: 463: 415: 409: 403: 394: 367: 351: 344: 335: 329: 322: 316: 308: 299: 298: 290: 219:language in 161: 143:Eastern Moravian 138:Central Moravian 79: 39: 33: 21: 20: 12787: 12786: 12782: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12777: 12776: 12737: 12736: 12735: 12725: 12723: 12711: 12703: 12701: 12696: 12674: 12656: 12612: 12580: 12551: 12523: 12492: 12461: 12425: 12314: 12287: 12234: 12215: 12199: 12189:Ostrava-Karviná 12152: 12122: 12107: 12094: 12060: 12027: 11993: 11989:Eastern Silesia 11890: 11875: 11858: 11815: 11752: 11717: 11667: 11631: 11607:Silesian Upland 11536: 11519: 11444: 11431: 11425: 11395: 11390: 11376: 11299: 11293: 11247: 11240: 11170:Bohemian Romani 11155:Mixed languages 11145: 11122:Pannonian Rusyn 11103: 11045:Banat Bulgarian 11031: 10993: 10981: 10951: 10849: 10841:Pannonian Rusyn 10761: 10704: 10686: 10654: 10614:Alaskan Russian 10589:Old Novgorodian 10582:Old East Slavic 10555: 10537:Cyrillic script 10527:Church Slavonic 10487: 10482: 10452: 10447: 10429: 10413: 10392: 10376: 10371: 10341: 10336: 10320: 10257: 10241: 10236: 10206: 10201: 10188: 10181: 10174: 10165: 10146:Public holidays 10134: 10061: 9995: 9969: 9934: 9910:Law enforcement 9841: 9827:Protected areas 9794: 9785: 9769:1867–1918 9764:1648–1867 9759:1526–1648 9719:Únětice culture 9705: 9699: 9668: 9632: 9621: 9611: 9581: 9562: 9543: 9515: 9496: 9477: 9458: 9439: 9420: 9401: 9382: 9359: 9349:Duke University 9327: 9308: 9289: 9266: 9247: 9228: 9209: 9190: 9167: 9148: 9128: 9123: 9110: 9109: 9105: 9096: 9094: 9081: 9080: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9054: 9050: 9040: 9038: 9028: 9024: 9016: 9012: 9004: 8997: 8989: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8960: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8935: 8931: 8923: 8919: 8911: 8907: 8899: 8895: 8866: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8825: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8765: 8761: 8753: 8749: 8739: 8737: 8724: 8723: 8716: 8708: 8704: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8602: 8598: 8590: 8571: 8565: 8561: 8553: 8534: 8528: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8495: 8488: 8480: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8446:"HOVOROVÝ STYL" 8442: 8438: 8430: 8426: 8418: 8414: 8404: 8402: 8401:on 12 June 2012 8391: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8355: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8319: 8315: 8307: 8303: 8292: 8288: 8280: 8276: 8268: 8264: 8256: 8252: 8241:Neustupný, J.V. 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8152: 8148: 8140: 8136: 8128: 8124: 8116: 8112: 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8077: 8073: 8065: 8061: 8053: 8049: 8041: 8032: 8024: 8017: 8009: 8005: 7997: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7814: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7786: 7784: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7675: 7671: 7663: 7659: 7651: 7647: 7639: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7566: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7521:. p. 1607. 7515:Nichols, Joanna 7512: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7462: 7460: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7424: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7247: 7243: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7184: 7180: 7172: 7168: 7160: 7151: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7116: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7070: 7061: 7059: 7048: 7044: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7018: 7011: 7005: 6992: 6986:Piotrowski 2012 6984: 6980: 6972: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6909:Zrození češtiny 6905: 6898: 6883: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6801: 6796: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6769: 6763: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6713:Language portal 6711: 6704: 6697: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6652: 6630:, "labor") and 6548: 6542: 6440: 6228:Standard Czech: 6216: 6187:Moravian Slovak 6093:Lach (Silesian) 6085: 6075: 6069: 5989: 5978: 5969:A headstone in 5963: 5948:mladými zvířaty 5946: 5935: 5924: 5913: 5897: 5886: 5877:mladých státech 5875: 5864: 5848: 5837: 5826: 5815: 5799: 5788: 5777: 5766: 5752:mladým zvířatům 5750: 5739: 5728: 5717: 5701: 5690: 5679: 5668: 5652: 5641: 5630: 5619: 5602:mladým zvířetem 5600: 5589: 5582: 5573:mladým člověkem 5571: 5555: 5544: 5533: 5522: 5506: 5495: 5488: 5477: 5461: 5450: 5443: 5434:mladého člověka 5432: 5418:mladému zvířeti 5416: 5405: 5394: 5385:mladému člověku 5383: 5369:mladého zvířete 5367: 5356: 5345: 5336:mladého člověka 5334: 5318: 5307: 5300: 5289: 5266: 5261: 5128:(small women), 5047:(small house), 4930: 4855: 4849: 4650: 4644: 4630: 4625: 4202:to do, to make 4147: 4141: 4081:koupili/y byste 4032: 4026:("I will go"). 3996:present perfect 3909:Conjugation of 3906: 3752: 3746: 3716:by its ending, 3669: 3663: 3651:among four eyes 3551: 3546: 3510: 3505: 3474: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3417: 3412: 3368: 3363: 3332: 3321: 3316: 3203: 3193: 3191:s tvrdým dřevem 3186: 3179: 3172: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3144:o černém batohu 3139: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3073: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3040: 3038:k velkému psovi 3028: 3021: 3014: 3007: 3005:bez velkého psa 2995: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2949:Noun/adjective 2935:(Czech woman). 2885: 2880: 2870: 2855: 2840: 2832: 2817: 2809: 2794: 2779: 2552:Cases in Czech 2508: 2484: 2478: 2473: 2463: 2448: 2437: 2418: 2410: 2394: 2383: 2281:accusative case 2253:topic and focus 2229:auxiliary verbs 2201: 2196: 2185: 2180: 2159: 2121:nominative case 2108: 2102: 2013: 1980: 1962:syllable nuclei 1952:The consonants 1928: 1925: 1924: 1813: 1801: 1774: 1760: 1745: 1733: 1721: 1707: 1697: 1687: 1675: 1666: 1654: 1644: 1634: 1622: 1582: 1569: 1559: 1545: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1497: 1485: 1476: 1466: 1454: 1444: 1432: 1416: 1404: 1394: 1362: 1340: 1321: 1291: 1217: 1203: 1201: 1199:Czech phonology 1195: 1165:, Nebraska and 1124:Czech Americans 1106: 1096: 1023:(in light blue) 1009: 961:Josef Dobrovský 934: 924:Josef Dobrovský 917: 900:Bohemian Revolt 878: 823:Frankish Empire 779: 774: 768: 762: 711: 689: 561:lingua Bohemica 549: 534: 504: 500: 477: 460: 456: 430:Without proper 418: 417: 413: 411: 407: 392: 381: 377:53-AAA-da < 363: 347: 340: 325: 324: 323: 312: 311: 304: 294: 293: 286: 271: 258: 257: 220: 218: 211: 195: 188:Official status 183: 162: 157: 122: 80: 77:Language family 75: 66: 65:Native speakers 17: 12: 11: 5: 12785: 12775: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12747:Czech language 12734: 12733: 12731:Czech Republic 12721: 12698: 12697: 12695: 12694: 12683: 12680: 12679: 12676: 12675: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12655: 12654: 12649: 12648: 12647: 12637: 12630: 12624: 12622: 12618: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12603: 12596: 12588: 12586: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12567: 12561: 12557: 12556: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12528: 12527: 12514: 12508: 12502: 12498: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12469: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12433: 12431: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12416: 12409: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12374: 12367: 12360: 12355: 12348: 12341: 12334: 12327: 12320: 12310: 12303: 12297: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12250: 12244: 12236: 12235: 12225: 12224: 12221: 12220: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12207: 12205: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12195: 12186: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12143:Metropolis GZM 12140: 12134: 12132: 12131:Socioeconomics 12124: 12123: 12113: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12092: 12087: 12081: 12079: 12077:constituencies 12070: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12041:Lower Silesian 12037: 12035: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12025: 12016: 12011: 12005: 11999: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11970: 11969: 11964: 11954: 11949: 11948: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11920: 11909: 11907: 11900: 11892: 11891: 11881: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11825: 11823: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11762: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11734: 11732: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11693: 11692: 11691: 11686: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11639: 11637: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11629: 11624: 11622:Wał Trzebnicki 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11587:Silesian Walls 11584: 11579: 11577:Oświęcim Basin 11574: 11572:Ostrava Valley 11569: 11564: 11559: 11557:Kłodzko Valley 11554: 11548: 11546: 11538: 11537: 11525: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11460: 11455: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11433: 11432: 11424: 11423: 11416: 11409: 11401: 11392: 11391: 11381: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11369: 11367:Van Wijk's law 11364: 11362:Ruki sound law 11359: 11357:Pedersen's law 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11303: 11301: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11284: 11277: 11270: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11252: 11250: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11226: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11202: 11200:Romano-Serbian 11197: 11192: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11165: 11159: 11157: 11151: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11141: 11131: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11117:Eastern Slovak 11113: 11111: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11095: 11094: 11089: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11047: 11041: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11006: 11004: 10995: 10991:Microlanguages 10987: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10979: 10978: 10977: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10949: 10948: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10907: 10906: 10894: 10893: 10892: 10885: 10878: 10873: 10862:East Lechitic 10859: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10836:Eastern Slovak 10833: 10821: 10820: 10819: 10817:White Croatian 10814: 10809: 10802: 10795: 10793:Biblical Czech 10784: 10782: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10759: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10725:Serbo-Croatian 10722: 10714: 10712: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10702: 10696: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10679: 10673: 10671: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10630: 10625: 10624: 10623: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10601: 10594: 10593: 10592: 10578: 10577: 10576: 10565: 10563: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10553: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10524: 10512: 10505: 10497: 10495: 10489: 10488: 10481: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10458: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10421: 10419: 10418:Sign languages 10415: 10414: 10412: 10411: 10406: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10390: 10384: 10382: 10378: 10377: 10370: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10347: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10328: 10326: 10325:Sign languages 10322: 10321: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10267: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10255: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10235: 10234: 10227: 10220: 10212: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10199: 10194: 10187: 10186: 10179: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10013: 10007: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9981:Stock Exchange 9978: 9973: 9965: 9964: 9963: 9952: 9946: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9875: 9873:Municipalities 9870: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9837:Urban planning 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9781:Czech Republic 9778: 9776:Czechoslovakia 9773: 9772: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9715: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: articles 9702:Czech Republic 9698: 9697: 9690: 9683: 9675: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9620: 9619:External links 9617: 9616: 9615: 9609: 9596: 9585: 9579: 9566: 9560: 9547: 9541: 9528: 9519: 9513: 9500: 9494: 9481: 9475: 9462: 9456: 9443: 9437: 9424: 9418: 9405: 9399: 9393:. De Gruyter. 9386: 9380: 9363: 9357: 9340: 9331: 9325: 9312: 9306: 9293: 9287: 9270: 9264: 9251: 9245: 9232: 9226: 9213: 9207: 9194: 9188: 9171: 9165: 9152: 9146: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9103: 9074: 9048: 9022: 9010: 8995: 8991:Mathesius 2013 8978: 8966: 8954: 8929: 8917: 8905: 8903:, p. 306. 8893: 8880:(3): 351–373. 8857: 8845: 8819: 8807: 8785: 8759: 8747: 8714: 8702: 8675: 8663: 8648: 8636: 8621: 8614: 8596: 8559: 8517: 8486: 8474: 8462: 8436: 8424: 8412: 8385: 8373: 8361: 8349: 8337: 8325: 8313: 8301: 8298:. p. 255. 8286: 8284:, pp. 6–8 8274: 8262: 8250: 8232: 8220: 8208: 8196: 8184: 8172: 8146: 8134: 8122: 8120:, pp. 134 8110: 8098: 8071: 8059: 8047: 8030: 8015: 8003: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7952: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7832: 7820: 7805: 7793: 7768: 7756: 7744: 7732: 7730:, p. 325. 7720: 7705: 7703:, p. 324. 7693: 7681: 7669: 7657: 7645: 7633: 7621: 7619:, pp. 6–8 7609: 7584: 7572: 7560: 7548: 7536: 7524: 7506: 7494: 7482: 7470: 7445: 7433: 7418: 7406: 7370: 7334: 7297: 7264: 7241: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7149: 7134: 7122: 7107: 7095: 7083: 7068: 7042: 7027: 6990: 6978: 6963: 6951: 6939: 6924: 6917: 6896: 6881: 6863: 6857: 6836: 6811: 6799: 6790: 6767: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6702: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6668: 6667: 6651: 6648: 6600:in Polish and 6553:folk etymology 6541: 6538: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6229: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6207:Nářečí slezská 6203: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6190: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6153: 6152: 6146: 6071:Main article: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6048: 6047: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6027: 6014: 6013: 6007: 5962: 5959: 5951: 5950: 5939: 5937:mladými ženami 5928: 5917: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5890: 5888:mladých ženách 5879: 5868: 5866:mladých lidech 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850:mladá zvířata! 5841: 5830: 5819: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5792: 5781: 5770: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5743: 5732: 5721: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703:mladých zvířat 5694: 5683: 5672: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5645: 5634: 5623: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5604: 5593: 5586: 5575: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557:mladém zvířeti 5548: 5537: 5526: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5499: 5492: 5481: 5479:mladý člověče! 5470: 5466: 5465: 5454: 5447: 5436: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5409: 5398: 5387: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5360: 5349: 5338: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5311: 5304: 5293: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5255: 5246: 5245: 5214: 5192: 5140: 5023:(small town), 5002:Czech Republic 4973:), which is a 4962:obecná čeština 4929: 4926: 4902:obecná čeština 4880:Josef Jungmann 4862:Josef Jungmann 4848: 4845: 4640:Main article: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4159: 4143:Main article: 4140: 4137: 4133:auxiliary verb 4129:-me/-eme/-ejme 4125:-te/-ete/-ejte 4099: 4098: 4096:koupili/y/a by 4093: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4031: 4028: 4022:("I go") > 3983:which ends in 3971: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3905: 3902: 3745: 3742: 3734:můžu tě slyšet 3724:(archaically, 3665:Main article: 3662: 3659: 3611:(nominative); 3577: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3468: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3373: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3326: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3184:s malou kočkou 3181: 3174: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3158:o tvrdém dřevě 3155: 3148: 3141: 3137:o velkém psovi 3134: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3019:bez malé kočky 3016: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2884: 2881: 2856: 2841: 2833: 2818: 2810: 2795: 2780: 2761: 2760: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2532:direct objects 2516:Božena Němcová 2507: 2504: 2480:Main article: 2477: 2474: 2449: 2438: 2419: 2411: 2395: 2384: 2373: 2372: 2329:Jí pes bagetu? 2317: 2316: 2313:Jí pes bagetu? 2310: 2307:Pes bagetu jí. 2304: 2301:Bagetu jí pes. 2298: 2295:Pes jí bagetu. 2223:, in Czech an 2207: 2206: 2190: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2101: 2098: 2012: 2009: 1979: 1976: 1972:tongue twister 1954:/r/,/l/,and/m/ 1929:"řeka" (river) 1846: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1700: 1690: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1637: 1627: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1522: 1512: 1510: 1500: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1447: 1437: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1397: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1339: 1336: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1271: 1216: 1213: 1197:Main article: 1194: 1191: 1100:Czech American 1095: 1092: 1065:Czech Republic 1056:European Union 1041:European Union 1037:first language 1029:Czech Republic 1008: 1005: 1003:the language. 991:), the use of 973:Josef Jungmann 916: 913: 877: 874: 778: 775: 764:Main article: 761: 758: 721:branch of the 688: 687:Classification 685: 577:Czech Republic 448: 447: 434:, you may see 420: 419: 412: 406: 404: 396: 395: 390: 384: 383: 375: 369: 368: 361: 353: 352: 345: 337: 336: 309: 301: 300: 291: 283: 282: 281:Language codes 278: 277: 266: 260: 259: 256: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 223: 221: 216: 213: 212: 210: 209: 207:European Union 204: 202:Czech Republic 198: 196: 193: 190: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 173:Czech alphabet 165: 163: 159:Writing system 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 140: 135: 128: 124: 123: 121: 120: 119: 118: 117: 116: 115: 114: 113: 112: 83: 81: 74: 71: 70: 67: 64: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 48:Czech Republic 45: 44:Native to 41: 40: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12784: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12732: 12722: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12709: 12706: 12693: 12685: 12684: 12681: 12672: 12667: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12619: 12609: 12608: 12607:Slezská hymna 12604: 12602: 12601: 12600:Schlesierlied 12597: 12595: 12594: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12583: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12571:Coats of arms 12569: 12568: 12565: 12562: 12558: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12532:Lach dialects 12530: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12509: 12506: 12503: 12499: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12470: 12468: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12417: 12415: 12414: 12410: 12408: 12407: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12394: 12393: 12392:Modrŏ kapusta 12389: 12387: 12386: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12375: 12373: 12372: 12368: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12353: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12316:(ciapkapusta) 12311: 12309: 12308: 12304: 12302: 12301:Black noodles 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12248: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12230: 12226: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12194: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12181: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12118: 12114: 12105: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12030: 12024: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11967:Lower Silesia 11965: 11963: 11962:Upper Silesia 11960: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11952:State country 11950: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11932: 11931: 11928: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11915: 11914: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11886: 11882: 11873: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11822: 11818: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11738:Divoká Orlice 11736: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11697: 11694: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11670: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11634: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11530: 11526: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11498: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11447: 11443: 11438: 11434: 11429: 11422: 11417: 11415: 11410: 11408: 11403: 11402: 11399: 11388: 11384: 11379: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11352:Meillet's law 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11262: 11259: 11258: 11257: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11249: 11243: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11231: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11219: 11215: 11213: 11212: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11185: 11181: 11179: 11178: 11174: 11172: 11171: 11168:20th century 11166: 11164: 11161: 11160: 11158: 11156: 11152: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11100: 11097: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11087:Slavomolisano 11085: 11084: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11034: 11028: 11027:West Polesian 11025: 11023: 11020: 11016: 11013: 11012: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10999: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10971: 10970:Lower Sorbian 10968: 10966: 10965:Upper Sorbian 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10930:West Lechitic 10928: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10895: 10891: 10890: 10889:Middle Polish 10886: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10868: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10852: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10822: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10790: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10758: 10755: 10751: 10750:Slavomolisano 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10719:Alpine Slavic 10716: 10715: 10713: 10711: 10707: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10689: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10649: 10648:Simple speech 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10590: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10574:Simple speech 10572: 10571: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10558: 10552: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10522: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10511: 10510: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10479: 10474: 10472: 10467: 10465: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10444: 10436: 10435: 10432: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10416: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10368: 10363: 10361: 10356: 10354: 10349: 10348: 10345: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10327: 10323: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10233: 10228: 10226: 10221: 10219: 10214: 10213: 10210: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10173: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10002: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9966: 9962: 9959: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9822:Geomorphology 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9739:Great Moravia 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9691: 9689: 9684: 9682: 9677: 9676: 9673: 9669: 9664: 9661: 9658: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9630: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9612: 9606: 9602: 9597: 9593: 9592: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9572: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9553: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9534: 9529: 9525: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9506: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9487: 9482: 9478: 9472: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9449: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9430: 9425: 9421: 9415: 9411: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9392: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9372: 9371: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9341: 9337: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9318: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9299: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9271: 9267: 9261: 9257: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9238: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9214: 9210: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9172: 9168: 9162: 9158: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9130: 9129: 9117: 9113: 9107: 9093:on 2022-01-07 9092: 9088: 9084: 9078: 9063: 9059: 9052: 9037: 9033: 9026: 9019: 9014: 9008:, p. 101 9007: 9002: 9000: 8992: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8976:, p. 160 8975: 8970: 8964:, p. 159 8963: 8958: 8941: 8933: 8926: 8921: 8914: 8913:Esposito 2011 8909: 8902: 8897: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8864: 8862: 8855:, p. 173 8854: 8849: 8834: 8830: 8823: 8817:, p. 516 8816: 8811: 8795: 8789: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8757:, p. 714 8756: 8751: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8719: 8711: 8706: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8679: 8672: 8667: 8660: 8655: 8653: 8646:, p. 116 8645: 8640: 8634:, p. 117 8633: 8628: 8626: 8617: 8615:9780230583474 8611: 8607: 8600: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8506: 8501: 8493: 8491: 8483: 8478: 8472:, p. 136 8471: 8466: 8451: 8447: 8440: 8434:, p. 252 8433: 8428: 8422:, p. 245 8421: 8416: 8400: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8381:Pansofia 1993 8377: 8370: 8369:Naughton 2005 8365: 8358: 8357:Členění čísel 8353: 8346: 8341: 8334: 8333:Hajičová 1986 8329: 8322: 8321:Pansofia 1993 8317: 8310: 8305: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8278: 8271: 8266: 8259: 8258:Pansofia 1993 8254: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8229: 8228:Naughton 2005 8224: 8217: 8216:Naughton 2005 8212: 8206:, p. 159 8205: 8204:Naughton 2005 8200: 8194:, p. 157 8193: 8192:Naughton 2005 8188: 8182:, p. 359 8181: 8176: 8161: 8157: 8150: 8144:, p. 150 8143: 8142:Naughton 2005 8138: 8131: 8130:Naughton 2005 8126: 8119: 8118:Naughton 2005 8114: 8108:, p. 149 8107: 8106:Naughton 2005 8102: 8086: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8067:Naughton 2005 8063: 8057:, p. 147 8056: 8055:Naughton 2005 8051: 8045:, p. 151 8044: 8043:Naughton 2005 8039: 8037: 8035: 8028:, p. 146 8027: 8026:Naughton 2005 8022: 8020: 8012: 8011:Naughton 2005 8007: 8001:, p. 131 8000: 7999:Naughton 2005 7995: 7993: 7986:, p. 238 7985: 7980: 7973: 7972:Naughton 2005 7968: 7962:, p. 117 7961: 7960:Naughton 2005 7956: 7949: 7948:Naughton 2005 7944: 7938:, p. 114 7937: 7936:Naughton 2005 7932: 7926:, p. 238 7925: 7924:Naughton 2005 7920: 7914:, p. 141 7913: 7912:Naughton 2005 7908: 7901: 7900:Naughton 2005 7896: 7889: 7888:Naughton 2005 7884: 7877: 7876:Naughton 2005 7872: 7865: 7864:Naughton 2005 7860: 7854:, p. 199 7853: 7852:Naughton 2005 7848: 7841: 7840:Naughton 2005 7836: 7830:, p. 201 7829: 7828:Naughton 2005 7824: 7818:, p. 196 7817: 7816:Naughton 2005 7812: 7810: 7803:, p. 271 7802: 7797: 7783: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7764:Naughton 2005 7760: 7753: 7752:Naughton 2005 7748: 7741: 7740:Naughton 2005 7736: 7729: 7724: 7716: 7709: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7689:Naughton 2005 7685: 7679:, p. 134 7678: 7677:Naughton 2005 7673: 7667:, p. 212 7666: 7665:Naughton 2005 7661: 7654: 7653:Naughton 2005 7649: 7642: 7641:Naughton 2005 7637: 7630: 7625: 7618: 7613: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7581: 7576: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7556:Naughton 2005 7552: 7545: 7540: 7533: 7528: 7520: 7516: 7510: 7503: 7498: 7491: 7490:Naughton 2005 7486: 7479: 7474: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7442: 7437: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7410: 7391: 7387: 7380: 7374: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7338: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7301: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7252: 7245: 7226: 7223:. June 2012. 7222: 7221:Eurobarometer 7215: 7209: 7207: 7199: 7198:Naughton 2005 7194: 7187: 7182: 7175: 7170: 7163: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7132:, p. 250 7131: 7126: 7120:, p. 106 7119: 7114: 7112: 7104: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7038: 7031: 7017: 7010: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6968: 6961:, p. 153 6960: 6955: 6949:, p. 112 6948: 6943: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6901: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6845:Jones, Daniel 6840: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6808: 6803: 6794: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6721:Czech Centers 6719: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6703: 6700: 6689: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6529:Prague Spring 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6484:in Czech and 6483: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6465: 6464:locative case 6461: 6456: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6264: 6262:Common Czech: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6111:are known as 6110: 6106: 6098: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6080: 6079:Lach dialects 6074: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5972: 5971:Český Krumlov 5967: 5958: 5957: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5933: 5929: 5927: 5926:mladými státy 5922: 5918: 5916: 5915:mladými lidmi 5911: 5907: 5905:Instrumental 5904: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5831: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801:mladá zvířata 5797: 5793: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5737: 5733: 5731: 5730:mladým státům 5726: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5681:mladých států 5677: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5654:mladá zvířata 5650: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5584:mladým státem 5580: 5576: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5563:Instrumental 5562: 5561: 5558: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5493: 5491: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5453: 5448: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5397: 5396:mladému státu 5392: 5388: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5348: 5347:mladého státu 5343: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095:morphological 5093:Non-standard 5091: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5011:Common Czech 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4841:Prague Castle 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4808:typographical 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4710:, as well as 4709: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4648:Czech Braille 4643: 4634: 4620: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4091:koupil/a/o by 4089: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4061:koupil/a bych 4059: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3847:frequentative 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833:(to buy) and 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3784:present tense 3781: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3539:Instrumental 3538: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3170:s velkým psem 3168: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128:(hard wood!) 3126: 3123: 3121:(small cat!) 3119: 3116: 3112: 3111:černý batohu! 3109: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2854: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2798: 2793: 2783: 2778: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2729: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537:noun adjuncts 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2447: 2441: 2436: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2339:, "who") are 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2112: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:interjections 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2029:agglutinative 2026: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2007:"to Prague". 2005: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1990:, except for 1989: 1986:on its first 1985: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1528: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1511: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1335: 1328: 1315: 1302: 1295: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1233: 1230: 1221: 1200: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1094:United States 1091: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:Eurobarometer 1030: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1004: 1000: 998: 995:(rather than 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 933: 925: 921: 912: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896: 890: 887: 886:Kralice Bible 882: 873: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 846: 844: 840: 837:group within 836: 832: 828: 827:Great Moravia 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 792: 788: 783: 773: 767: 757: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 739:Lower Sorbian 736: 732: 728: 724: 723:Indo-European 720: 716: 710: 706: 698: 693: 684: 682: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 654: 653:Czech Silesia 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 616:high medieval 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 571:, written in 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553: 543: 498: 493: 489: 485: 481: 480: 472: 454: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 427: 421: 402: 397: 391: 389: 385: 380: 379:53-AAA-b...-d 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 360: 359: 354: 350: 346: 343: 338: 333: 328: 320: 315: 310: 307: 302: 297: 292: 289: 284: 279: 275: 270: 267: 265: 261: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 222: 214: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 197: 191: 186: 180: 179:Czech Braille 177: 174: 170: 167: 166: 164: 160: 154: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 129: 125: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 102: 101: 98: 97: 96: 93: 92: 91: 88: 87: 86: 85:Indo-European 82: 78: 72: 68: 62: 59: 56: 52: 49: 46: 42: 38: 32: 27: 22: 19: 12632: 12628:Demographics 12621:Other topics 12605: 12598: 12591: 12511: 12418: 12411: 12404: 12399:Siymiyniotka 12397: 12390: 12383: 12376: 12370: 12362: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12322: 12315: 12305: 12258: 12254:Architecture 12191: / 12033:Voivodeships 12021: / 11899:Subdivisions 11801:Nysa Kłodzka 11512: 11495: 11382: 11372:Winter's law 11332:Havlík's law 11286: 11279: 11272: 11228: 11216: 11209: 11184:Mednyj Aleut 11182: 11175: 11167: 11037:South Slavic 10994:and dialects 10901: 10887: 10880: 10828: 10804: 10799:Czechoslovak 10797: 10787: 10780:Czech-Slovak 10717: 10692:Transitional 10660:South Slavic 10596: 10587: 10580: 10548: 10516:Proto-Slavic 10514: 10507: 10500: 10252: 10131: 10105: 10089:Coat of arms 10084:Architecture 10052:Prostitution 10022:Demographics 9885:Constitution 9667: 9600: 9590: 9570: 9551: 9532: 9523: 9504: 9485: 9466: 9447: 9428: 9409: 9390: 9369: 9344: 9335: 9316: 9297: 9274: 9255: 9236: 9217: 9198: 9175: 9156: 9133: 9115: 9106: 9095:. Retrieved 9091:the original 9086: 9077: 9065:. Retrieved 9061: 9058:"polka (n.)" 9051: 9039:. Retrieved 9035: 9032:"robot (n.)" 9025: 9013: 8993:, p. 20 8969: 8957: 8945:. Retrieved 8932: 8925:Maxwell 2009 8920: 8915:, p. 82 8908: 8896: 8877: 8873: 8853:Koudela 1964 8848: 8836:. Retrieved 8831:(in Czech). 8822: 8810: 8798:. Retrieved 8788: 8778:30 September 8776:. Retrieved 8772: 8762: 8750: 8738:. Retrieved 8734:the original 8705: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8671:Komárek 2012 8666: 8644:Komárek 2012 8639: 8632:Komárek 2012 8605: 8599: 8575: 8562: 8538: 8508:. Retrieved 8484:, p. 21 8477: 8470:Koudela 1964 8465: 8453:. Retrieved 8449: 8439: 8427: 8415: 8403:. Retrieved 8399:the original 8388: 8383:, p. 34 8376: 8371:, p. 11 8364: 8352: 8345:Harkins 1952 8340: 8335:, p. 31 8328: 8323:, p. 26 8316: 8309:Harkins 1952 8304: 8295: 8289: 8282:Harkins 1952 8277: 8270:Harkins 1952 8265: 8260:, p. 11 8253: 8244: 8235: 8223: 8211: 8199: 8187: 8175: 8163:. Retrieved 8159: 8149: 8137: 8125: 8113: 8101: 8089:. Retrieved 8085:the original 8074: 8062: 8050: 8006: 7984:Komárek 2012 7979: 7974:, p. 40 7967: 7955: 7950:, p. 83 7943: 7931: 7919: 7907: 7902:, p. 51 7895: 7883: 7871: 7866:, p. 25 7859: 7847: 7835: 7823: 7801:Harkins 1952 7796: 7785:. Retrieved 7781: 7771: 7766:, p. 48 7759: 7754:, p. 10 7747: 7735: 7723: 7714: 7708: 7696: 7691:, p. 74 7684: 7672: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7624: 7612: 7600:. Retrieved 7596: 7587: 7580:Harkins 1952 7575: 7570:, p. 12 7568:Harkins 1952 7563: 7551: 7546:, p. 71 7539: 7532:Harkins 1952 7527: 7518: 7509: 7504:, p. 73 7497: 7485: 7480:, p. 11 7478:Harkins 1952 7473: 7461:. Retrieved 7457: 7448: 7436: 7430:. Routledge. 7427: 7421: 7416:, p. 72 7409: 7397:. Retrieved 7390:the original 7386:U.S. English 7373: 7361:. Retrieved 7337: 7325:. Retrieved 7300: 7288:. Retrieved 7281:the original 7267: 7255:. Retrieved 7244: 7232:. Retrieved 7193: 7181: 7176:, p. 96 7169: 7164:, p. 18 7125: 7118:Maxwell 2009 7105:, p. 95 7098: 7093:, p. 92 7086: 7081:, p. 26 7060:. Retrieved 7055: 7045: 7036: 7030: 7019:. Retrieved 6988:, p. 95 6981: 6954: 6942: 6908: 6872: 6866: 6848: 6839: 6827:. Retrieved 6802: 6793: 6757: 6749: 6678: 6674:in English: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6655: 6653: 6650:Example text 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6569: 6562: 6556: 6549: 6521:World War II 6517:Nazi Germany 6513:Slovak State 6497:Čechoslované 6496: 6494: 6487: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6470: 6467: 6452: 6441: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6367: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6333: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6265: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6231: 6220:dialectology 6217: 6206: 6192: 6182: 6172: 6158: 6148: 6142: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6116: 6102: 6053: 6043: 6029: 6019: 6009: 6003: 5994: 5990: 5987:Chod dialect 5955: 5954: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5931: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5909: 5898: 5893: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5860: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5833: 5828:mladé státy! 5827: 5822: 5816: 5811: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5751: 5746: 5741:mladým ženám 5740: 5735: 5729: 5724: 5719:mladým lidem 5718: 5713: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5675: 5670:mladých lidí 5669: 5664: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5637: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5615: 5601: 5596: 5591:mladou ženou 5590: 5588:mladou ženou 5583: 5578: 5572: 5567: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5540: 5535:mladém státě 5534: 5529: 5523: 5518: 5508:mladé zvíře! 5507: 5502: 5496: 5490:mladý státe! 5489: 5484: 5478: 5473: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5444: 5439: 5433: 5428: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5379: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5330: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5301: 5296: 5291:mladý člověk 5290: 5285: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5206:(he could), 5203: 5199: 5195: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5144:instrumental 5137: 5131: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5092: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5064: 5063:(to waste), 5058: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5042: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5010: 4990:interdialect 4987: 4966: 4961: 4951: 4928:Common Czech 4919: 4907:interdialect 4898: 4867: 4837:Pražský hrad 4836: 4816:Proper nouns 4812:Latin script 4805: 4801:onomatopoeia 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4753:acute accent 4749:vowel length 4746: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4651: 4618: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4154: 4148: 4139:Verb classes 4128: 4124: 4120: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4080: 4076:koupil/a bys 4075: 4065: 4060: 4036: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4012:budu šťastný 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3952: 3947: 3937: 3932: 3910: 3897:nadchnout se 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3764:imperfective 3753: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3691:) and mood ( 3670: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3597:("two") and 3594: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3478:(fem, neut) 3475: 3470: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3336:(fem, neut) 3333: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3256: 3246: 3236: 3226: 3204: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3157: 3151:o malé kočce 3150: 3143: 3136: 3125:tvrdé dřevo! 3124: 3117: 3110: 3103: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3058: 3052:k malé kočce 3051: 3044: 3037: 3025: 3018: 3011: 3004: 2996:(hard wood) 2992: 2989:(small cat) 2985: 2978: 2971: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2860: 2857: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2822: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2799: 2796: 2784: 2781: 2765: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2726:instrumental 2721:instrumentál 2720: 2715: 2697: 2692: 2674: 2669: 2651: 2646: 2628: 2623: 2605: 2600: 2582: 2577: 2545:prepositions 2539:(genitive), 2525: 2520:Protectorate 2485: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2453: 2450: 2442: 2439: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2399: 2397:universit-u, 2396: 2388: 2385: 2377: 2374: 2355: 2352:relativizers 2345: 2336: 2335:, "what" or 2332: 2328: 2319:In parts of 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2261:periphrastic 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2225:intransitive 2210: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2146: 2141: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2052:conjunctions 2048:prepositions 2037: 2014: 2001: 1981: 1965: 1960:, acting as 1951: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1920: 1916: 1900: 1894: 1892: 1876: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1824: 1341: 1289: 1281:Diphthongs: 1260: 1226: 1210:Spoken Czech 1175:North Dakota 1117: 1113:Praha, Texas 1085: 1053: 1026: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 987:in place of 984: 980: 976: 964: 958: 954:high culture 950:philologists 939: 935: 915:Modern Czech 893: 891: 883: 879: 859: 847: 835:Czech-Slovak 816: 812:Latin script 800:Old Slavonic 796: 751: 712: 697:Balto-Slavic 678: 660:monophthongs 657: 637:interdialect 613: 573:Latin script 552:-mee-ən, bə- 496: 452: 451: 423: 373:Linguasphere 356: 169:Latin script 109: 105:Czech–Slovak 90:Balto-Slavic 18: 12313:Panczkraut 11979:New Silesia 11974:Sudetenland 11940:politicians 11347:Ivšić's law 11274:Army Slavic 11261:Interslavic 11246:Constructed 11109:West Slavic 11002:East Slavic 10771:West Slavic 10740:Montenegrin 10561:East Slavic 10126:Nationalism 10047:LGBT rights 10027:Drug policy 9961:Electricity 9817:Czech lands 9754:Czech lands 9087:unicode.org 8710:Eckert 1993 8576:Bohemistyka 8539:Bohemistyka 8482:Wilson 2009 8347:, p. 8 8311:, p. 7 8272:, p. 1 8013:, p. 7 7631:, p. 5 7629:Qualls 2012 7617:Qualls 2012 7582:, p. 9 7558:, p. 5 7534:, p. 6 7200:, p. 2 7162:Wilson 2009 6785:"Full list" 6567:, "list"). 6525:Axis powers 5839:mladé ženy! 5817:mladí lidé! 5779:mladé státy 5758:Accusative 5692:mladých žen 5632:mladé státy 5611:Nominative 5497:mladá ženo! 5494:mladá ženo! 5463:mladé zvíře 5452:mladou ženu 5449:mladou ženu 5424:Accusative 5320:mladé zvíře 5281:Nominative 5202:(he said), 4833:proper noun 4828:punctuation 4824:capitalized 4628:Orthography 4593:3rd p. pl. 4568:2nd p. pl. 4543:1st p. pl. 4518:3rd p. sg. 4493:2nd p. sg. 4468:1st p. sg. 4443:Infinitive 4426:Definition 4387:3rd p. pl. 4357:2nd p. pl. 4327:1st p. pl. 4297:3rd p. sg. 4267:2nd p. sg. 4237:1st p. sg. 4207:Infinitive 4187:Definition 4117:conditional 3876:(to want), 3701:conditional 3681:participles 3446:Accusative 3309:Nominative 3118:malá kočko! 3107:(big dog!) 2993:tvrdé dřevo 2979:černý batoh 2569:Main usage 2400:university- 2323:(including 2179:(masculine) 2042:, numbers, 1790:Approximant 1290:The letter 1185:and before 1104:Czech Texan 969:descriptive 839:West Slavic 810:written in 806:, later by 802:written in 715:West Slavic 438:instead of 37:český jazyk 12741:Categories 12358:Kopalnioki 12345:Karminadle 11935:parliament 11796:Mała Panew 11679:Carpathian 11453:Offensives 11337:Hirt's law 11327:Dybo's law 11298:Historical 11211:Russenorsk 11190:Ponaschemu 11082:Shtokavian 11022:Podlachian 10923:Slovincian 10913:Pomeranian 10882:Old Polish 10682:Macedonian 10569:Belarusian 10316:Vietnamese 10271:Belarusian 10156:Television 10141:Philosophy 10116:Literature 10042:Irreligion 10037:Healthcare 9970:(currency) 9925:Parliament 9900:Government 9729:Marcomanni 9633:(in Czech) 9126:References 9097:2022-01-07 8947:August 18, 8901:Short 2009 8659:Tahal 2010 8510:August 10, 8432:Tahal 2010 8420:Tahal 2010 8405:25 October 7787:2017-10-18 7728:Short 2009 7701:Short 2009 7602:3 November 7350:Census.gov 7145:Agnew 1994 7130:Agnew 1994 7062:2021-11-02 7021:2014-08-09 6882:0893572969 6759:Ethnologue 6726:Czech name 6660:in Czech: 6544:See also: 6540:Vocabulary 6505:Hungarians 6460:nominative 6119:). In the 6117:moravština 6077:See also: 5977:, spelled 5790:mladé ženy 5768:mladé lidi 5643:mladé ženy 5621:mladí lidé 5546:mladé ženě 5445:mladý stát 5407:mladé ženě 5358:mladé ženy 5309:mladá žena 5306:mladá žena 5302:mladý stát 5267:inanimate 5110:adjectives 5079:, such as 4820:honorifics 4646:See also: 4199:to suffer 4196:to wander 4176:Class III 4113:imperative 4109:indicative 3981:participle 3760:perfective 3748:See also: 3711:infinitive 3697:imperative 3693:indicative 3457:(masc in.) 3452:(masc an.) 3104:velký pse! 2986:malá kočka 2975:(big dog) 2858:přítel-em. 2657:accusative 2647:čtvrtý pád 2588:nominative 2476:Declension 2386:navštív-it 2288:intonation 2279:is in the 2244:, "but"). 2217:word order 2184:(feminine) 2104:See also: 1923:(example: 1881:consonants 1872:declension 1338:Consonants 1284:ou, au, eu 1252:"car" and 1098:See also: 930:See also: 804:Glagolitic 770:See also: 664:diphthongs 647:spoken in 629:vernacular 601:word order 597:morphology 12719:Languages 12652:Silesians 12501:Languages 12413:Wodziōnka 12338:Hauskyjza 11849:Pszczynka 11672:Mountains 11534:Geography 11458:Uprisings 11385:indicate 11300:phonology 11248:languages 11236:Trasianka 11062:Kajkavian 11050:Chakavian 10975:Schleifer 10918:Kashubian 10700:Torlakian 10677:Bulgarian 10633:Ukrainian 10598:Ruthenian 10311:Ukrainian 10286:Hungarian 10032:Education 9991:Transport 9905:Judiciary 9890:Elections 9868:Districts 9800:Geography 9594:. Factum. 9018:Mann 1957 8974:Mann 1957 8962:Mann 1957 8584:1642-9893 8547:1642-9893 8455:21 August 8165:18 August 8091:August 5, 7463:11 August 6829:6 January 6418:na na voz 6388:na na voz 6364:Silesian: 6354:na na voz 6320:na na voz 6286:na na voz 6252:na na voz 6199:subgroup) 6189:subgroup) 6165:subgroup) 6060:subgroup) 6036:subgroup) 6026:subgroup) 5945:zvířatama 5896:zvířatech 5856:Locative 5807:Vocative 5660:Genitive 5521:člověkovi 5514:Locative 5469:Vocative 5382:člověkovi 5326:Genitive 5270:Feminine 5265:Masculine 5260:Masculine 5013:phonology 4847:Varieties 4658:graphemes 4193:to print 4190:to carry 4179:Class IV 4173:Class II 4121:-Ø/-i/-ej 4049:Singular 4041:(to buy) 4004:budu jíst 3921:Singular 3891:otěhotnět 3870:(to be), 3498:Locative 3356:Genitive 2972:velký pes 2716:sedmý pád 2693:šestý pád 2624:třetí pád 2601:druhý pád 2592:Subjects 2583:nominativ 2578:první pád 2502:classes. 2370:example: 2236:, "and", 2205:(neuter) 2189:(neuter) 2163:(formal) 2130:Singular 2021:inflected 1992:enclitics 1905:Kashubian 1899:(capital 1835:Neutral: 1762:fricative 1624:voiceless 1618:Fricative 1547:voiceless 1541:Affricate 1434:voiceless 1193:Phonology 1179:Minnesota 1146:(besides 1138:. 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